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Needs Augmentation Consulting Editor has instilled optimism. a giant leap into the future. Aero India 35. EMI /EMC Testing as per MIL-STD-461 Vinay Shukla LEAD 36. Land Military Equipment: No Solutions, Sri Krishna While the pandemic 2021 effectively showcased to the world Only Trade-Offs Ramesh S continues to bare its that India is ready for rebound and open STORY 50. ‘Conceptualisation to Fruition in Two Advisory Board fangs, India’s soft power for business. Years’ Time a Remarkable Event’ Amb Smita Purushottam, IFS (Retd) 54. India-Russia Relations under Stress? Amb Vishnu Prakash, IFS (Retd) outreach through vaccine diplomacy has Moving ahead, India will have to 60. HSTPL: Another ‘Mr India’ in the Making M Matheswaran (Retd) Lt Gen PC Katoch (Retd) been impactful. The Great Power game continuously introspect and find answers 62. Large Area Displays for the Modern Lt Gen PR Shankar (Retd) between US and China has intensified to some hard questions. Why India’s Fighter Lt Gen AB Shivane (Retd) 64. Multi-layered Missile Defense Systems Maj Gen JS Kataria (Retd) further, each asserting its supremacy – the aspiration to be a key player on the global Israel’s Safeguard against Iran Attacks Cmde Ranjit B Rai (Retd) former as a reigning superpower and the stage remains unfulfilled? Shouldn’t 68. Aiming High: Indigenous Defence Cmde Anil Jai Singh (Retd) Research & Innovation Cdr KP Sanjeev Kumar (Retd) latter announcing its arrival as the rising the Strategic Autonomy be given wider 86. EndureAir: A Drone-manufacturing Dr Mathew Simon power and challenger. scope to navigate the Great Power Company with a Difference Amit Cowshish 94. The Secrets of Israel’s Military Sameer Joshi India’s centrality in the ongoing game challenges and reap maximum Dr Punit Saurabh Research and Development geopolitical power tussle is unique. It benefits? Why is a comprehensive National 98. See-Saw Ties: India and Neighbours International Roving Correspondent 100. India-South Korea Strategic Arie Egozi provides India with an opportunity to Security policy that’s aligned to the global establish itself as an evolving idea, a geopolitical challenges still not in place? FUTURE FIREPOWER: IAF FLEET SHOULD REFLECT Cooperation in the Defence Domain Legal Advisor 106. Realistic Simulated Battlefield Model: A Ramesh Sharma compelling alternative to take on the Is it succumbing to the expansion of Sturdy Way to Train Israel Air Force Creative Director Chinese belligerence and cut short its Md Moeen Aijaz snowflake syndrome across the spectrum INDIA’S NEW PUNITIVE STRIKES POLICY P109-119 CIVIL AVIATION SECTION threatening expansionist influence. India’s (political, administrative and societal) Design & Layout A well-balanced fleet is critical to war fighting, therefore p120 Aero India 2021: An Event of Design Cubicle growing proximity with the US, assertive on the domestic front? How can it chart while expanding its fleet the IAF must have enough number Accomplishments & Opportunities For Advertisement contact us: diplomacy and expansive global influence its own course to achieve high growth in of aircraft and there should be a good mix of aircraft keeping p126 Green Shield: A System by Safe Shoot [email protected] Preventing Friendly Fire [email protected] as a reliable trade and business partner economic, military and technological fields [email protected] in mind future threats and counter-missions. Numerical p128 IDEX report were the main reasons behind China’s that benefits the world too? superiority too is required to counter Pakistan and China’s p130 Book Review For any complaint and query p134 Appointments contact us: Himalayan aggression. China perceives The current edition focuses on the plan to significantly increase their air power [email protected] India as the real challenger to its regional indigenous research, development and p138 News Round Up [email protected] p144 In News Raksha Anirveda is printed and hegemony. The main objective of the innovation efforts in the defence sector published by PBG Media Ventures Chinese adventurism was to strangle India and explores the possible innovative Published, Edited & Printed by and slow down its growth trajectory. roadmap for the country to make the most Ajit Kumar Thakur on behalf of ‘PBG Media Ventures’ The post-pandemic scenario for of the silver-lining opportunities the future 649/4, Konark Residency, Nambardar India has been challenging on multiple beholds. Achieving self-reliance militarily Colony, Burari, Delhi -110084 Printed at: Star Print-O-Bind, fronts, testing its resilience and resolve is now within reach – all it requires is Star House, F-31, Okhla Industrial Area continuously. The response to its biggest resource optimisation and planned and Phase-I, -110020 challenge — regaining its pre-Covid dedicated effort. Editor: Ajit Kumar Thakur All disputes are subjected to the economic growth performance — has Before signing off, I would like to share 40 46 82 88 110 jurisdiction of Delhi been positive and on track with special a pointer with our esteemed readers. Mobile: +91-9910252485 thrust on infrastructure, healthcare Have you noticed a trend: the term F/A-18: Boeing’s Quantum Dome: An Turning The Tide: High-Tech Indigenisation P&W: The Largest Disclaimer: Views expressed are those of and green energy. And to keep the self-reliance being gradually taken Unrivalled Value to Indigenous Technology India’s Defence R&D and Atmanirbharta in Footprint of an Engine individual authors and do not represent any policy of this publication. momentum going, it’s imperative that over by Atmanirbhar and used more Indian Navy to Tackle Cyber Attacks Dilemma Defence Maker in the Country -Editor the defence sector powered by techno- frequently? Does it have something to do Boeing Defence India Given the security scenario Indian Ministry of Defence Why India is still far away The MD and Country RESPONSE nationalistic industrial policies acts as a with how self has overtly come to mean MD emphasizes the in the neighbourhood, and the country’s military from ‘Atmanirbharta’ is the Head P&W India catalytic force to help steady India’s rise ‘harness maximum benefits for self’? Do company’s commitment India needs to be aware, planners need to be on mismatch between the arms delves into the ‘Raksha Anirveda’ editorial as an economic powerhouse. share your thoughts with us. to Indian customers and cautious and proactive the same page for the we produce and the arms details of company’s team looks forward to receive explains how valuable against the cyber warfare implementation of the we buy to use. The govt is strategies levelling with comments and views from the India may have missed its big ticket Jai Hind!!. the F/A-18 Super that could be unleashed policy of import substitution, trying to bridge this anomaly Government’s Make in readers on the content of the Hornet Block III fighter by its better – equipped failing which will end up in for the nation to be on road India policy to develop magazine. Ajit Kumar Thakur aircraft is for the adversary placing gargantuan orders to high technology defence India as a MRO hub Editor & Business Director Indian Navy by the Services production RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 3 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA ABSOLUTE POWER www.raksha-anirveda.com

superior force is often neglected THE IAF’S while air force brass chase the DESIRE FOR mirage of wonder weapons. 42-PLUS FUTURE FIREPOWER: IAF FLEET Two, there should be a good mix of aircraft keeping in mind future SQUADRONS IS threats and types of missions. In COMPELLING a nuclearised subcontinent, full- IF INDIA IS TO SHOULD REFLECT INDIA’S NEW on wars are unlikely and short PRESERVE THE localised conflicts and punitive AIRPOWER strikes – such as Balakot – are GETTING THE MIX RIGHT SUPERIORITY IT more likely. The 26 February 2019 raid by HAS ENJOYED PUNITIVE STRIKES POLICY twelve Mirage-2000 fighter- IN THE INDIAN bombers on Balakot, deep inside SUBCONTINENT Since a well balanced fleet is critical to war fighting, the Pakistan’s Khyber-Pakthunkhwa SINCE 1971. IAF fleet expansion must factor in two things: It must have province, didn’t just destroy the SINCE THE IAF enough number of aircraft and there should be a good mix of training camps of the Jaish-e- ALSO AIMS TO Mohammed terrorist group. More aircraft keeping in mind future threats and types of missions. TRANSFORM Numerical superiority can be the decisive factor in the backdrop significantly, the IAF raid strike shattered the myth that nuclear ITSELF INTO of both Pakistan and China planning to significantly increase Rafale weapons can help protect Pakistan A STRATEGIC their air power fighter aircraft from India’s punitive actions. FORCE WITH Balakot wasn’t the first time THE ABILITY By RAKESH KRISHNAN SIMHA the IAF used air power to expose TO TAKE ON Pakistan’s vulnerability. According he Indian Air Force has a total strength of 1,276 aircraft, including 434 combat/ engagement for success. According to induct several hundreds (1,763 to a Strategy Page report, the REGIONAL air superiority jets and 102 ground attack planes. Although the IAF remains to a report titled ‘IAF Equipment to be exact) of the fifth-generation PAF’s “psyche took a big beating” TASKS, ITS the fourth largest air force in the world, its fighter fleet is severely depleted WHY NUMBERS MATTER and Force Structure Requirements F-35 Lightning-II fighters…. The US because of the IAF’s aggressive NEEDS WILL and well below its sanctioned strength of 42 squadrons or 756 aircraft. The The IAF’s desire for 42-plus to Meet External Threats, 2032’, does not have a high-tech enemy deployments during the 1999 ONLY GROW good news is that with modern aircraft acquisitions being a priority under squadrons is compelling if India by the Manohar Parrikar Institute since the demise of the Soviet and the 2002 border the government, the IAF may finally be able to enhance its is to preserve the airpower for Defence Studies and Analyses, Union, but still sees the need for stand-off. fleet strength to the optimum number of squadrons needed to fight a collusive superiority it has enjoyed in the New Delhi, “Two forces equal in large numbers of very advanced In the nuclearised environment, two-front war with China and Pakistan. Indian subcontinent since 1971. numbers and reasonably close in fifth-generation fighters.” full-on wars as happened in 1965 T Since the IAF also aims to transform equipment and skills have tended itself into a strategic force with the to have equal losses in combat. While the 36 new French Rafales number of fighter squadrons in ability to take on regional tasks, its On the other hand, whenever together with the Su-30 MKI Sukhois the IAF is expected to improve in needs will only grow. the numbers ratio has become (set to cross 314) will form the a decade’s time. In October 2020, Numerical superiority can be the favourable to one side, its losses spearhead of the IAF’s air dominance at a programme jointly organised decisive factor in the backdrop of as well as loss percentages have fleet, it is the indigenous Tejas by the New Delhi-based Centre for both Pakistan and China planning fallen disproportionately, with light combat aircraft that will form Air Power Studies and the Society to significantly increase their air the opposite effect on the less the bulk of the future fixed wing of Indian Defence Manufacturers, power. By 2032 the Pakistan Air numerical party. Thus, technology fleet. The Centre’s green light in he had said, “The IAF will have Force aims to acquire 614 fighters, and skills irrespective, numbers January 2021 for the acquisition of around 37-38 fighter squadrons in eight to 12 AWACS/AEW&C aircraft do matter in aerial combat. The 83 Tejas Mark 1A jets will not only a decade.” and six flight refuelling aircraft. slogan of ‘fighting outnumbered give a boost to India’s aeronautical Since a well balanced fleet is China’s PLA Air Force is currently and winning’ has no place industry, it will also help fill the gaps critical to war fighting, there are two the third-biggest in the world with at the operational level of war in the IAF’s current fleet, which is things the IAF must keep in mind more than 2,000 combat aircraft, unless a very large technological down to 30 squadrons or less. These while planning its fleet expansion. including fighters, bombers and asymmetry exists.” 83 jets are in addition to the 40 Mark One, the service must have enough multi-mission tactical and attack The report adds: “Numbers will 1 already ordered. number of aircraft as a hedge aircraft. matter always as there are limits The Tejas acquisitions tie in with against war attrition. This may The history of aerial warfare to how much a fewer number of Deputy Chief of Air Force Air Marshal seem like stating the obvious but the brings out the importance of higher aircraft and crew combinations A pair of Mirage-2000 in the sky Sandeep Singh’s statement that the importance of having a numerically numbers of aircraft in a specific can do. That is why the USAF plans

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have very poor fleet availability. This is an area in which the IAF air-to-air missiles at the IAF’s air THE IAF NEEDS As compared with the Western needs to improve. While Balakot dominance fighter. Had the plan TO ORIENT average of around 70 per cent for was a brilliant success, the IAF succeeded, the PAF would have ITS FLEET FOR their frontline fighters, the Sukhois wasn’t 100 per cent prepared for scored a coup and embarrassed PUNITIVE have a fleet availability of around its repercussions. the IAF. 50 per cent and the MiG-29K has For instance, just six hours It is worth mentioning here that STRIKES an abysmal 45 per cent. after the 12 Mirage-2000s had the IAF had the edge over the PAF AGAINST returned from their raid on the during the 1999 Kargil War but lost PAKISTAN MISSION-ORIENTED AIRCRAFT terror factories in Balakot, the PAF it in 2010 when the PAF’s better AND HAVE THE launched a counterattack across planning allowed it to acquire the CAPABILITY With the political leadership in the . Comprising 56-km range American AMRAAM. TO ABSORB Delhi now represented by a new a package of 28 PAF fighters, The Sukhois were equipped with RETALIATORY breed of nationalist leaders such as Operation Swift Retort had two the much inferior R-73 with a mere STRIKES IN Prime Minister Modi and External objectives. One, attack the 40-km range, giving the Pakistanis RESPONSE Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, HQ at Bhimber and the ammunition an edge in beyond visual range MiG-21 on display at Aero India TO SUCH India has shed its Congress-era depot at Narian in J&K in order to (BVR) warfare. STRIKES. THIS reticence for military retaliation. mollify the Pakistani public that the The PAF took advantage of the IS AN AREA and 1971 are highly unlikely. Even Sukhoi Su-30 MKI, the Mirage-2000 planned to acquire 150 of these This political dispensation believes PAF wasn’t completely helpless. IAF’s Rules of Engagement which those two wars were of short is more nimble and has a smaller versatile aircraft. However, after in giving the military a free hand These targets were to be attacked do not permit IAF fighters to fire IN WHICH THE duration – lasting 22 and 14 days radar cross section, making it ideal buying just 50 jets, the air force to deal with military matters. In by standoff missiles launched by IAF NEEDS respectively. Modern wars will for a shoot and scoot raid deep into brass decided not to exercise the particular, it agrees that the Indian Pakistani jets from within their or in violation of the Line of Control. TO IMPROVE. be swift and localised. Against Pakistan. In fact, the Mirages did option to buy more. The Soviet armed forces must be allowed own airspace. Ason thePAF Sukhois aircraft — until raced to fired intercept upon WHILE Pakistan they will be more like such a brilliant job that they were lobby seems to have played a their right to retaliate – with Two, knowing that Sukhois the Pakistani jets, some of them BALAKOT WAS Balakot and the 2016 surgical back in Indian airspace before the role in the scuttling of the plan to disproportionate strength – in would be scrambled to intercept launched AMRAAMs against the A BRILLIANT strikes of Uri. It is worth noting PAF could scramble its American expand the Mirage fleet. That legacy response to an attack on India. these attacking aircraft, the PAF Sukhois. SUCCESS, THE that of the myriad of aircraft in F-16s. continues to haunt India. While the In this backdrop, the IAF needs hoped to bring down a few Sukhois While the Su-30MKIs were IAF WASN’T its fleet, the IAF deployed 12 The IAF currently has Sukhois and MiG-29s are excellent to orient its fleet for punitive strikes by firing their AMRAAM long-range outclassed in BVR missiles, 100 PER CENT Mirage-2000 fighter-bombers around 45 Mirage-2000s dogfighters, there is no denying against Pakistan and have the they are unbeatable in super- PREPARED FOR that are nearly 40 years old. although back in the that the IAF’s Russian aircraft capability to absorb retaliatory maneuverability – which gives ITS REPER- The reason the IAF early 1980s it had strikes in response to such strikes. CUSSIONS assigned the Balakot mission to its old warhorse is that the multirole French fighter is best equipped for such a dangerous mission. Compared to the much larger

them a huge advantage in – and have vastly superior electronic warfare systems. For instance, the Sukhoi’s BARS radar has a 350 km search range and a maximum 200 km tracking range, and 60 km in the rear hemisphere. The radar can track 15 air targets and engage the four most dangerous ones simultaneously. These targets can even include missiles and motionless helicopters. Additionally, the Su- Su-30 MKI 30MKI can function as a tactical

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IN ORDER TO airborne command post or a mini- not overly concerned about it aircraft was way out of its comfort opt for multirole aircraft and even more top-heavy than it WHILE EXPANDING AND RE-EQUIPPING AWACS. Due to this capability, because the squadron comprised zone. It was designed to intercept equip them with long-range is now. BRIDGE THE ITS FLEET, THE IAF SHOULD HAVE A CURRENT the Sukhoi’s second pilot, the the outmoded MiG-21. Plus, the enemy aircraft and shoot them beyond visual range aircraft. What the service needs are Weapons Systems Operator, is PAF exploited the gaps in the down; it is not equipped with Over the past 60 years, India fewer silver bullets and more SIMPLE RULE – ACQUIRE THE RIGHT MIX SHORTFALL able to provide directions to license-manufactured nearly hard working workhorses like the OF AIRCRAFT THAT WILL HELP IT DO AND REPLACE other aircraft in the heat of 800 units of the outdated MiG-21 Mirage-2000. While the Sukhois RETIRING combat. In comparison, the PAF while rejecting the vastly more THE JOB IN THE TRANSFORMED BATTLE MIG-21S, F-16s are single-pilot aircraft. capable Mirage-2000. Such a SPACE OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT THE IAF These advanced capabilities state of affairs must not happen REQUIRES AN along with the much superior again. Again, in the area of BVR life of around 25 years, which training and morale of IAF is extendable through midlife ESTIMATED pilots blunted Operation Swift upgrades. Replacements have to be 400 NEW Retort. The IAF pilots who not ordered years before the aircraft is FIGHTER only avoided the missiles but likely to be retired or mothballed. AIRCRAFT one of them, The IAF is currently OVER THE Abhinandan Varthaman, chased changeover overhauling its plan to induct NEXT FEW a Pakistani F-16 into Pakistani times of the IAF’s controlled airspace that was combat air patrols over the YEARS. BUT bristling with air defence guns Valley. THE ONLY and missiles and shot it down Designed in the 1950s, the REPLACE- before his own MiG-21 got MiG-21 has very short legs, with MENTS shot down. a loiter-time of just 30 minutes. IN SIGHT The lesson from this episode is In comparison, the Sukhoi and that the Pakistanis, despite being Rafale can remain airborne for ARE THE 36 HAL Tejas Mk1 outnumbered, were able to find a more than four hours without RAFALES, 40 window of vulnerability in India’s aerial refueling. This is not to TEJAS MK1 air defence – the lack of enough trash the MiG-21, which despite AND 83 TEJAS capable combat aircraft in J&K. its age remains an MK1A FOR A The PAF knew there was only excellent interceptor. TOTAL OF 159 a single interceptor squadron However, by chasing the FIGHTERS based in Srinagar for the defence F-16 into heavily defended of J&K. The Pakistanis were airspace, the 60-year-old Russian warfare, the IAF is set to regain the advantage with the 150-km French Meteor and the 80-km are set to cross an unprecedented 114 medium-weight multirole Air-to-Air ASRAAM missiles fitted to a missiles. 314, the Mirage fleet is now in the fighters that will cost about $17 Royal Air Force Typhoon fighter jet electronic warfare systems to low 40s. The reality is there are billion, making it bigger than survive in an air-defence rich BETTER PLANNING NEEDED some tasks that the Sukhois are the $8 billion Rafale contract. environment like PoK. simply not equipped for. They These aircraft will be built in While multirole aircraft like In order to bridge the current are air dominance fighters that India with significant foreign the Mirage-2000, Rafale and Su- shortfall and replace retiring can create an impregnable cover technology transfer and no 30MKI are able to both attack MiG-21s, the IAF requires an for other IAF aircraft to operate foreign procurement. While and also defend themselves, the estimated 400 new fighter with impunity. What they are not expanding and re-equipping its barebones MiG-21 is simply not aircraft over the next few years. ideal for is a raid into Pakistan fleet, the IAF should have a simple equipped for such multitasking. But the only replacements in where they will light up like a rule – acquire the right mix of Had Wing Commander Varthaman sight are the 36 Rafales, 40 Christmas tree on enemy radar. aircraft that will help it do the job been flying a Mirage-2000, he Tejas Mk1 and 83 Tejas Mk1A Similarly, the MiG-21 is on its last in the transformed battle space of would have safely brought it back for a total of 159 fighters. legs and no amount of upgrades the Indian subcontinent. because the French jet is a more To meet this wide gap the can help it survive an air-defence survivable aircraft. government has two easy rich environment. –The writer is a globally cited defence analyst. In view of the success of options – approve additional This sorry situation did His work has been published by leading think tanks, and quoted extensively in books on the Balakot strike plus the Rafale purchases or crank up not happen overnight – it was diplomacy, counter terrorism, warfare and shortcomings of the IAF’s fleet the production of its fallback caused by two decades of flip- economic development. The views expressed that were revealed during the fighter, the Su-30MKI. The flop by the political leadership. are personal and do not necessarily reflect the J&K air battle, the IAF should problem is it will make the IAF Modern aircraft have a technical views of Raksha Anirveda

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weapons and availability of from being mature, chances of Crores. So the risk for SHQ and AFTER funds. 3) Economies of scale of both the incentives fructifying, the incentive are quite low for SPENDING production – relatively small are greatly reduced. pursuing cases under Make – I. YEARS quantities purchased of most To make it worse, ‘Make’ The government, the second weapons, it is uneconomical to cases are challenging to pursue, stakeholder, wants Make – CHASING WHY have multiple firms produce compared with either ‘Buy’ or I to succeed as a successful VARIOUS DAP/ same weapons system. 4) ‘Buy & Make’ cases. Figure 2, project will give its flagship DPP (DEFENCE Government is sole buyer – depicts the difficulty level of the program (‘Make in India’ PROCUREMENT Creating a major ‘hold-up’ three main categorisation, from and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’) PROCEDURES), problem; at R&D phase the Easy to Difficult. ‘Buy Global/ the necessary impetus. Other THE JUXTA- firms worry, if they will ever Government to Government’ than political dividends, it will ‘MAKE-I’ recover their sunk expenses (G to G) is the easiest (and increase employment in high POSITION and at production phase, firms fastest) while ‘Make’ is the most skill sector (in the long run), OF THE worry if they will ever recover difficult (and slowest). Difficult reduce import bill and increase CONTRAST investments, as product has here would mean – multiple the defence industrial base. BETWEEN little use outside the defence agencies, multiple approvals, Future exports of the product THEORY AND WILL NOT industry. prolonged monitoring, and or technologies developed PRACTICAL, The three stakeholders monumental paper/file work, under the project would further listed in DAP under the higher chances of failure and reduce development cost. So THE CURRENT Make-I procedure, Service extended timelines for project incentive are higher, both long MAKE Headquarters (SHQ) while fructification. It is thus no and short term. PROCEDURES, shouldering the maximum surprise that SHQ has acquired However, while having IN MY MAKE responsibilities (Figure 1 most big ticket purchases via higher incentive, the OPINION, FALL refers), have the least incentive. ‘Buy’ route and in it the easiest – government risk under ‘Make – SHORT OF THE Private defence industry is The incentive for SHQ would G to G. Rafael aircraft, Hercules I’ is quite low (Figure 3 refers). be the timely delivery of the transport aircraft, M777 The government’s financial is EXPECTATION; as important to the nation product meeting all Staff 155mm Howitzers, Apache limited to a maximum of 70 per AND ONE OF as public sectors and need Qualitative Requirements helicopters, S400 Surface to Air cent of the cost of the prototype THE REASONS to be supported via tax (SQRs). Going with the past Missiles, all have been procured up to a maximum of Rs 250 BEHIND THIS breaks and subsidies, to precedence of projects via the Buy – G to G route. Crores (to be paid in phases). IS INCENTIVE, undertaken under the Make On the other hand, Make – I Further, each phase payment WHICH encourage them to invest category and India’s defence has only two projects listed is again secured against Bank more of their own funds in industrial base (DIB) far away under it, totalling only Rs 3,665 Guarantee (BG) provided by the SEEMS TO BE MISSING defence innovation. Unless, The incentive problem private industry/ development in defence procurements, Service Headquarters (SHQ) Private Industry Ministry of Defence agency (DA), amounting to this realisation dawns, as highlighted by former • Identification of project Submit DPR Approve projects 20 per cent of the cost of the ‘Make – I’ will not ‘Make’ chief economist of Federal • Advanced planning and Reply to identified by SHQ prototype. The 70 per cent Communications Commission consultation RFP/Tender Accord AoN share of development is further William P Rogerson, is an outcome • Feasibility study Approve CNC and hedged against complete By CDR RAGHVENDRA CHATURVEDI (RETD) by four underlying economic • Formulation of PSQRs Contract ownership of all tangible assets characteristics of any defence • Categorisation and AoN created under the project and procurement process. 1) Research • Project facilitation team besides, ‘Government – Purpose ake’ Procedure under the Defence Acquisition Procedure and Development – Innovation • Issue of expression of interest Rights’, ‘Unlimited Rights’ and 2020 (DAP-2020), is publicised as the most critical, towards is as important as the product • Evaluation of Detailed Project ‘March in Rights’, on all the IPs building a robust defence industrial ecosystem and tapping and also is an inherently difficult Report (DPR) developed under the project. the emerging dynamism of Indian industry in the defence product to purchase, thereby • Shortlisting of Development Private industry/DA, the sector; and in words of many in the Ministry of Defence (MoD), creating a need for providing Agency (DA) third stakeholder, is on a very boost ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ and ‘Make in India’. However, incentives for innovation. 2) • Issue of RFP/Tender tenuous wicket. While the after spending years chasing various DAP/DPP (defence Uncertainty – Internal uncertainty, • Selection of DA incentives are not gargantuan, procurement procedures), the juxtaposition of the contrast due to technological unknowns • Seeking approval of MoD the risks somewhat are that way. between theory and practical, the current Make Procedures, in design of new weapons • Field evaluation trials Besides bearing 30 per cent of in my opinion, fall short of the expectation; and one of the and external uncertainties in • Commercial Negotiations the development, and reduced ‘M reasons behind this is incentive, which seems to be missing. the demand, due to changing IP rights, it will also have to threat, availability of substitute Figure 1: Responsibility of various stakeholders share the production, with

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Proactively Easy Difficult Quantum

G to G / Buy & Make Make -I QNu Labs is a leader in quantum-safe cryptography products and solutions, offering Buy (Global) unconditional and forward security of data on the internet and cloud. Figure 2: Difficulty level of Categorisation Products

1 4 1 4 Armos (QKD) Private Industry/ MoD DA & MoD - Quantum Key Distribution SHQ - Secures Critical Networks - Secures Data Centres 2 3 2 3 Incentive Incentive SHQ Private Industry/ THE GOVT, DA THE SECOND STAKEHOLDER, Chip based QRNG WANTS Risk Risk MAKE – I TO (a) (b) - Secures Distributed Assets SUCCEED AS A - Secures Assets through IoT Enchancement SUCCESSFUL Figure 3: Risk vs incentive of various stakeholders, Make - 1; (a) Existing (b) Desired PROJECT - Secures Communications Devices like Mobile WILL GIVE L2/ L3 (second/third lowest of defence businesses, Rogerson). The ask is similar to and Other Assets ITS FLAGSHIP bidder), thereby eating away his protecting commercial what the government provides PROGRAM profits. This is in addition to the interests of DAs, provision to the Defence Research and (‘MAKE IN encumbrances of BG, payment of skills and competencies of Development Organisation INDIA’ AND delays, bureaucratic hurdles, the defence value-chain also, (DRDO) and Defence Public ‘ATMANIRBHAR which are Omnipresent in all are inescapably parts of its Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) BHARAT’) THE defence contracts. Even the 70 role (The Defence Industrial in all Make projects pursued by Tropos (QRNG) NECESSARY per cent which it will receive in Triptych – H Heidenkamp, J them; private defence industry IMPETUS. phases, will have to pass the test Louth and T Taylor). is as important to the nation as - Provides Highest Level of Quantum Random Numbers OTHER THAN of relevancy, financial prudence, The government has to be the public sectors and need to be reasonability and relationship, big brother in the Trinitarian supported via tax breaks and - Integrates with Existing Assets like Key Management POLITICAL every time. So maximum tangible and take the largest share of risk, subsidies, to encourage them to Systems and Other Security Devices DIVIDENDS, IT risks and greatly reduced which presently is shouldered invest more of their own funds - Secures Applications like VPN, Video Conferencing WILL INCREASE perceived incentive. by the private industry/DA. The in defence innovation. Unless, EMPLOYMENT One of any government’s share of investment in prototype this realisation dawns, ‘Make – and Messaging IN HIGH SKILL primary roles is to promote development has to be 100 per I’ will not ‘Make’. SECTOR (IN investment in research and cent from the current 70 per – The writer is voluntarily retired from THE LONG development (R&D). In the cent. The government need to active service after more than 21 years of RUN), REDUCE defence sector, where the ensure that innovation by the commissioned service. He is an alumnus government is the sole buyer DA is rewarded through profits of Naval Academy (first course 10+2 X) Address Connect IMPORT BILL and Defense Services Staff College and AND INCREASE and also largest beneficiary, on the production and product a specialist in Anti-Submarine Warfare. QuNu Labs Pvt. Ltd. [email protected] THE DEFENCE this responsibility assumes upgrades. The prospects of Presently, he is pursuing PhD in Defense a larger role. Government earning profit, gives the defence Industrialization and Exports (India) Second Floor, East Wing, Centenary [email protected] qnulabs.com INDUSTRIAL from Indian Institute of Foreign Trade has to realise that, other than industry /DA an incentive to BASE (IIFT). New Delhi. The views expressed are Building, 28 MG Road, - 25 +91 80 4851 4013 / +91 988 604 1133 protecting its investments; exert their best efforts at design/ personal and do not necessarily reflect the existence and safeguarding innovation phase (William P views of Raksha Anirveda. Also available in GeM Portal

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of the most promising sectors, contributing to external and internal peace and security and socio-economic development MSMES, START-UPS CRUCIAL FOR of the country. By 2030, India’s Aerospace and defence industry is estimated to reach a market valuation of $70 billion. To strengthen India’s defence ATMANIRBHARTA IN DEFENCE efforts, the 15th Finance Commission made a host of The main purpose of public and private defence sectors is to ensure that the three wings of our recommendations in its report forces are at all times equipped to match the firepower of the adversary and our men do not for the years 2021-22 to 2025- feel handicapped. In this era of hi-tech warfare, it is critical that technologies and competencies 26. The panel suggested a non- of our industry are aligned and developed in tandem with the needs of our forces lapsable modernisation fund of Rs 2.38 lakh crore for the five- years for defence and internal By DHANENDRA KUMAR list for imports and encourage local security. The government has production. given an in-principle nod to the chieving self-reliance in the country’s defence needs is of critical There is a strong need for setting up of the fund. The panel importance. It has been noticed earlier that during a crisis when the needs encouraging MSMEs and start-ups suggested the fund can have four of arms, ammunition, spares and equipment is urgent and critical, the in the defence eco-system to achieve sources of financing: transfer suppliers sometimes back out, dither or raise prices. The requirements self-reliance. These enterprises from the Consolidated Fund of of our forces have to be anticipated and adequately planned for various built by young entrepreneurs have India, disinvestment proceeds of eventualities and must be met. a deep emotional and passionate defence public sector enterprises, Russia, US, Israel, France and UK. A connect with the defence of their proceeds from monetisation of Under the “Make in India” policy, motherland. Besides, it has been surplus-defence land, and funds the government has launched an India is one of the world’s largest L&T, Bharat Forge (Kalyani Group), found that sometimes there is a from sale of defence land likely to ambitious program to expand importers of defence equipment. Mahindra Aerostructures, private preferential need for smaller and be transferred to state government domestic production for a larger Although our defence sector was shipyards (ABG, Reliance) etc., and lighter platforms that are designed and public projects in the future. role to the private sector. Recently, opened up for private players about many more reputed names are with flexibility and intelligence to If we look at the early history of the government has raised FDI in two decades ago, a lot is yet to be getting into the arena. cater to a given situation. Start-ups India’s defence industrialisation, the defence sector to 74%. Asteria Aerospace-built UAS achieved. It must be ensured that There is, however, a need for are scalable companies, and with this was mainly given to the To encourage the private all the three wings of our forces consistency and predictability support and hand-holding can deliver state sector: Nine Defence sector, the Strategic Partnership HAL and BEL funded the setting are at all times equipped to match in policies to enthuse private strategically strong, customised and Public Sector Units (DPSUs) (SP) model has been introduced up of the Defence Innovation the firepower of the adversary and players to invest. The government innovative products. along with 41 factories of the wherein tie-ups will be forged Organisation (DIO), which our men do not feel handicapped; institutions involved in research, At times, several of these Ordnance Factory Board (OFB); between Indian and foreign promotes start-ups through the and there is availability of needed innovation and defence excellence companies face a near-death situation Hindustan Aeronautics Limited defence companies to produce innovations for Defence Excellence surge capacities to sustain possible like DRDO, iDEX (Innovations for due to lack of finances. There is a (HAL) collaborated with foreign equipment like fighter jets, (iDEX) program. Under this, a extended periods of operations. Defence Excellence) must come need for creating an “Indian Defence defence companies primarily from submarines, medium lift and utility few solutions identified relate to Besides, in this era of hi-tech warfare, forward to share their technologies, Finance Corporation (IDFC)” on the France, UK and Germany; Defence helicopters, warships etc. The individual protection systems, it is critical that technologies and incubate and nurture start-ups. lines of the “Indian Railway Finance Research and Development SP model is applicable for Tier secure hardware encryption competencies of our industry are Sometimes defence PSUs consider Corporation (IRFC)” to raise bonds Organization’s (DRDO) 50 1 manufacturers. To encourage devices, GPS anti-jamming devices, also aligned and developed in private players as competitors from the market. It should also be establishments focused on MSMEs from Tier 2 and 3 regions, unmanned surface and underwater tandem with the needs of our forces. or adversaries. This feeling must ensured that their cash flows are research on various technologies procurement projects up to the vehicles, and 4G/LTE tactical As the government is the only change and they should work in maintained and there are no delays in aeronautics, robotics, navigation development cost of Rs 10 crores local area network among others. buyer in most situations, there is tandem in the national interest. in their payments. It is fortuitous that and propulsion etc. (government funded) and Rs 3 This can help not only the huge a need for institutional reforms In fact, defence PSUs should help DPP-2020, which has now become India’s ongoing military crores (industry funded) will be homeland security market but also and nurturing a culture of trust in building stable and strategic DAP-2020, is one of the main helpful modernisation for advanced reserved for them. exports to friendly countries. and long-term partnership to partnerships with MSMEs and start- policy of the government, insulating equipment has been largely Another step forward in Modern warfare is based proactively develop the private ups. There should be a periodical start-ups from bigger players, and fulfilled through imports. In the last encouraging defence start-ups on technologically advanced sector. There are several reputed survey and capability mapping of enabling them to legally participate decade, India imported defence is the stimulus given through platforms and cyber and other companies in the private sector that our entire private sector ecosystem in the “Make in India Policy” wherein equipment worth about $34 the Defence Innovation Fund, emerging digital technologies. are like national assets — Tatas, to review and update the negative defence has been identified as one billion. The top five suppliers are established in 2017. Under this, These may include cyber-defence,

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as an illustration: automotive (Advanced driver- CRON Systems: Gurugram-based assistance systems, i.e., ADAS) and CRON System is developing border consumer electronics. security solutions. Founded in The start-up’s InfiVision product 2015 by young entrepreneurs series can detect a tank from a Tushar Chhabra, Tommy distance of 30 km. The start-up is Katzenellenbogen and Saurav going to soon launch its OmniVision Agarwala, CRON Systems initially product series, which will allow began focusing on building laser users to monitor a long-range area walls for the BSF, expanding to amid any weather obstacles such include automation for drones, as smog, smoke, fog or darkness. rovers and a central dashboard to Last year, Optimized Electrotech control the applications through its was announced as a winner of command, control, communication IDEX (Innovation for Defence & information (C3i) hub miCRON. Excellence), Make-in-India for According to CRON System, its Defence challenge. core product, the Kavach security VINVELI: The Iowa and - system, uses multiple sensors such based Vinveli, founded in 2013 by as time of flight cameras, mmWave Gokul Anandayuvaraj along with radars and LiDARs to help ‘detect, his friends Eshan Halekote and track and classify’ intrusion up to Yuan Qu, focuses on providing 150 m ahead of the perimeter. solutions to the aerospace and Asteria Aerospace: Bengaluru- robotics industry. The start-up is based Asteria Aerospace is a involved in building Unmanned robotics and artificial intelligence Aerial Vehicles (UAV) for both start-up that provides drone- commercial and defence purposes. based solutions to the military, The Iowa Startup Accelerator- SOMETIMES blockchain, quantum computing, paramilitary and police forces for backed firm is focused on providing DEFENCE PSUS Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine security and surveillance purposes. infrastructure, communication CONSIDER Learning (ML), swarming drones The start-up was founded in 2012 and service needed to encourage and additive manufacturing. With by Neel Mehta and Nihar Vartak, maintaining a fleet of drones PRIVATE the advancement in Information who completed their B.Sc degree and commercial and industrial PLAYERS AS Technology (IT) there are in Aerospace Engineering from applications of UAV technology. COMPETITORS important implications in the Purdue University. The start-up also Vinveli, which counts the Ministry OR threat landscape — deep fakes, deploys its drones to provide end- of Defence and Ministry of Home ADVERSARIES. Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based to-end solutions for autonomous Affairs as its clients, deploys its THIS MUST threat vectors, social engineering surveys, inspection and to monitor drones for riot control and combat CHANGE. IN attacks etc., not just for causing the assets in industries working in the operations. FACT, DEFENCE ‘fog of war’ but to attain complete oil and gas, mining, construction It also deploys them for commercial PSUS SHOULD privacy in a battle. This opens up and agriculture sectors. use in agricultural and wind farms. HELP IN new opportunities for Indian IT Optimized Electrotech: Acquiring defence-industrial BUILDING companies like Tata Consultancy Ahmedabad-based Optimized self-reliance is crucial for India’s STABLE AND Services (TCS), Tech Mahindra, Electrotech is an electro-optic Atmanirbharta and the government Wipro and HCL Technologies. A start-up providing security and is giving it a new, real and pro-active STRATEGIC joint public-private effort is needed surveillance solutions. It was thrust. With an integrated support PARTNERSHIPS to reorient the defence technology founded in 2017 by Anil Yekkala, from all agencies concerned, we can WITH MSMES ecosystem. For example, Tech Dharin Shah, Kuldeep Saxena, expect India to achieve true self- AND START- Mahindra has partnered with Purvi Shah and Sandeep Shah. reliance in this field and also export UPS IN THE Israel’s Elta Systems to offer The start-up provides electro- these technologies to other friendly NATIONAL cybersecurity-based products. optics systems that can be used countries, in the face of changing geo- INTEREST There are several instances for the surveillance of smart cities, political dynamics in the world. of successful innovations from satellite-based imaging, border –The writer is former Secretary of the start-ups and MSMEs. surveillance, medical imaging, Defence Production, Ministry of Defence, Some of these are given below access control, machine vision, Government of India

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time in 3D (range and altitude). Moreover, several TwInvis can be linked up into a networked system so as to monitor even larger areas, coasts or borders. TwInvis has already shown what it can do in several impressive demonstrations to military customers, air traffic control HENSOLDT’S TWINVIS organisations and other interested parties. Any measurements done for HENSOLDT Passive Radar? PASSIVE RADAR SYSTEM - During the recent measurement campaign of the NATO Science and Technology Organization under the leadership of the TO SEE WITHOUT BEING SEEN Polish armed forces in 2019, HENSOLDT THE PERFECT PARTNER FOR ACTIVE SYSTEMS passive radar “TwInvis” showed outstanding detection performance. an you please share with us more What are some of the possible areas where NO VISIBILITY For this purpose, a passive radar information about HENSOLDT HENSOLDT Passive Radar can be utilised? In the military field, TwInvis even sensor cluster with two sensors was Passive Radar System? combines several advantages. In installed on the Polish Baltic coast. With the TwInvis passive radar, MORE SECURITY addition to its high mobility, the During the measurement campaign, a C HENSOLDT has revolutionised For political and business events, safety is a system itself remains ‘invisible’, this system integrated in a container was used classical radar technology. This key issue. In this context, it would be possible means that it cannot be jammed or alongside a system variant integrated in system does not emit any signal itself, which to use a mobile TwInvis to even track small eliminated in a targeted action. At a van. TwInvis reliably detected a large means that it remains virtually invisible. aircraft without transmitting any signals of the same time, it can also be used number of targets in the air and at sea, Nevertheless, it can even locate aircraft its own. Thanks to its innovative technology, to discover previously undetectable ranging from light aircraft and combat equipped with stealth technology. it can be installed directly in valleys and stealth aircraft that conventional aircraft to ballistic and ground-to-air For the first time, TwInvis allows the monitor the airspace irrespective of the radar radar systems cannot pick up missiles. The achieved ranges over the airspace to be monitored over a radius “shadows” of mountainous terrain, which because of the low observable Baltic Sea coast were up to 300 km. The of up to 250 kilometres, without emitting was only possible with a great deal of effort, technology. live data from the TwInvis cluster were radar signals. Mobile, and unobtrusively if at all, with conventional radar systems. Stealth aircraft prevent detection fed into the Polish MilRad network and integrated into a small van or off-road And that is just one of many applications. by conventional radar using two analysed and evaluated in a nearby vehicle, this radar’s possible uses In addition, TwInvis could, for example, detect principles: First, a special coating of Polish CRC. are almost unlimited, ranging from air the aircraft of smugglers in a specific region, the aircraft absorbs high-frequency A passive radar acts purely as a surveillance during particularly sensitive provide additional security in urban areas or signals as used by air defence receiver, i.e. it does not transmit itself, TwInvis allows the airspace to be monitored over a radius of events to civil air traffic control and military cost-effectively supplement conventional radars, thus almost eliminating radar and locates aircraft by evaluating the up to 250 kilometres, without emitting radar signals. Mobile, applications. radars in air traffic control. As it doesn’t echoes. And second, the airframe signals reflected at the target from existing and unobtrusively integrated into a small van or off-road Conventional radar systems’ all work being broadcast any signals, it can even be used avoids rectangular structures that external transmitters. The TwInvis is done using the following principle: they emit without any additional official approvals. normally send back echoes to the creating a comprehensive air situation vehicle, this radar’s possible uses are almost unlimited, signals that are reflected by an object. The This ‘super radar’ is made possible by the emitting radar so that the energy picture, which is generated from the ranging from air surveillance during particularly sensitive radar in turn visualises that object based on extension of the computing performance intercepted by the radar is extremely simultaneous evaluation of a large number events to civil air traffic control and military applications the echo received. However, TwInvis follows and by a speciality of HENSOLDT: a highly low. Both effects together result in of frequency ranges. TwInvis is able a radically different approach: the system sensitive, multi-channel digital receiver the stealth aircraft being virtually to simultaneously evaluate up to 16 military applications, the system enables through an Indian partner. We plan to uses the countless radio signals which are technology, which makes it possible to locate invisible to conventional radar. FM transmitters (analogue radio) and 5 covert surveillance of large areas using position our product in both Military already in the air from broadcast and TV radar echoes that are up to 10 billion times TwInvis makes this technology frequencies with several contributing networked receivers and offers the and Non-Military Security segment. We transmitters and evaluates their echoes when weaker than the output signal, for as many vulnerable by reliably detecting the transmitters from DAB and DAB+ (digital advantage that the “passive radar” cannot propose to offer an Indigenous solution reflected by an object. as 25 transmitters at the same time. echoes in the frequency range of radio) as well as DVB-T and DVB-T2 (digital be located by the enemy and is very adapted to the needs of Indian Market. broadcast and TV signals. Stealth terrestrial television) due to its highly difficult to be jammed. We are in initial stages of discussion “WE LOOK FORWARD TO LAUNCH TWINVIS UNDER THE AEGIS OF aircraft thus become visible. developed digital receiver technology and with various customers in India and MAKE IN INDIA POLICY OF GOI THROUGH AN INDIAN PARTNER. WE special algorithms. Will India be launching Passive Radar plan to organize no cost no commitment The market launch is imminent In civil applications, passive radar anytime soon? What are your plans for product demonstrations in coming ARE IN INITIAL STAGES OF DISCUSSION WITH VARIOUS CUSTOMERS IN A single TwInvis can monitor airspace enables low-cost control of air traffic this product? days. We are hopeful of finalizing our INDIA AND PLAN TO ORGANIZE NO COST NO COMMITMENT PRODUCT over a radius of 250 kilometres. Up to without additional emissions and without We look forward to launch TwInvis under Indigenous approach with relevant DEMONSTRATIONS IN COMING DAYS” 200 aircraft are visible at the same using scarce transmission frequencies. In the aegis of Make in India policy of GoI stakeholders soon.

18 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 19 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA INSIGHT www.raksha-anirveda.com TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN FUTURE WARS AND MANKIND’S FINAL TRYST WITH GOD! Dud weapons or equipment systems such as manned aircraft, tanks, guns and would lose their relevance in future wars. They will be sitting ducks. AI and Cyber warfare would be the force multipliers of future belligerents

By COL RAJINDER SINGH (RETD)

echnology, both disruptive and growth-oriented, has opened up new horizons additional forces as happened in for mankind to conquer. Destruction and construction both go simultaneously the case of the Chinese offensive in alongside each. Technology, thus, not only proposes to create new frontiers but Eastern Ladakh during 2020. it disposes them, too. Humanity, it seems, is at the cusp of another “Big Bang”. Borders would be made Future wars are not only going to be technology driven, but they will be “Non impenetrable by adversaries. Wars Contact” wars, fought by “Smart Soldiers” with “Smart Weapons” of BVR (Beyond will, thus, be designed to soften up Visual Range) nature. Drones, missiles, EMP & Laser guns, as well as Bioweapons one’s adversary by BVR systems Space Elevators are changing the whole concept of war-making. There is a paradigm shift from before delivering the final blow as a T physical force of humans to ruthless force of mind. surgical strike. Finally, Land wars will be (Lean and Mean Army) to engage even “Anti-Matter” (10 grams are LAND WARS WILL BE REPLACED BY replaced by wars in the “space the enemy in a “Non-Contact duel”, adequate to obliterate life from the WARS IN THE ‘SPACE AND SEAS’. “Swarm” technology, with deadly a static role on the borders. However, and seas”. Territorial gains would where BVR or smart weapon system earth’s surface). lethality, extensive ranges and radars and Unattended Ground Sensors no longer be considered a political would play an important role. Let me emphasise here TERRITORIAL GAINS WOULD NO computerised accuracy, would go (UGS), supported by BVR weapons purpose of war. It would be total While wars and military conflicts that keeping with the growing LONGER BE CONSIDERED A POLITICAL for an all out kill of “Concentrated systems, can perform this role better. annihilation of one’s adversary. are reshaping themselves, so is the community of ‘Continent Hopping’ PURPOSE OF WAR. IT WOULD BE TOTAL forces”. Nano-technology will produce Your “eyes in the sky” would further Indian think tanks have to gear concept of mankind’s progress in citizens of today, mankind has the ANNIHILATION OF ONE’S ADVERSARY weapons of the kind of “Bumblebees” deprive infantry & armour this privilege up towards this new concept of different domains. Man’s foray into potential of upgrading to ‘Galaxy — very, very difficult to detect but with of being sentinels of the border. There Designer Wars. The flab must be space is gaining momentum — of Hopping’ in the next 150 years. across the ‘Tri Lok’ (Three Worlds) a potential of massive destruction. would be no more urgency to rush cut down to concentrate on LAMA course driven by cutting-edge and Why do I say this? Have I found in the blink of an eye. They could Therefore, dud weapons or a new technology. Time is not far an answer to Stephen Hawking’s come and go at will. We are moving equipment systems such as manned when wars may extend into outer quest for “Unified Theory” or the towards this. How is this possible? aircraft, tanks, guns and infantry would space. The latest mission to Mars by “Theory of Everything”? Or, is it Let me first recount the lose their relevance in future wars. NASA has added a new dimension that I am on a war-path with Francis technological advances that have They will be sitting ducks. AI (Artificial to human reach beyond the earth. Fukuyama’s postulation of “End of set the ball rolling: Intelligence) and Cyber warfare would With the mission to Mars, the History”? No, it is nothing of the l SIMULATED WORLD: Nixon be the force multipliers of future race for “colonisation of space” will sort. I am only putting two and two Bostorm, director of the ‘Future belligerents. begin. This might become a new together to work out a shape of of Humanity’ project at Oxford Also, note that there would be no cause of human conflict and a new things to come. No, I do not claim to University says that by 2030 AD more Monkey Dancing of soldiers version of “Lebensraum” (Living be a futurologist. I am only taking a we could have “Virtual Brains” like across the borders. Armour and Space or additional territory). holistic view of the innovations and the ones you saw in the movie ‘The Infantry, hitherto known as ‘King And looking some 150-200 years technological advances and then Matrix’. These virtual brains could and Queen’ of battle would lose their beyond the present times, into the working out a synthesised model simulate their bodies and move relevance. White-collared soldiers, 23rd Century, I find exciting new of Future Human Beings who will around anywhere. In fact he goes sitting thousands of miles away from prospects for humanity — if it does re-enact the feats of mythological on to add that there is a 20 percent the battle zone would rule the roost. not destroy itself by the use of WMD characters of Vedic tales — which chance that ours was a simulated Infantry would only supplement (weapons of mass destruction) talk of sages like Narada or other world and it could go off like the internal security force and may be in A soldier in action with smart weapon system such as viruses like Covid -19 or celestial beings who could move computer screen as you log out.

20 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 21 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA HELD UNDER THE PATRONAGE OF HIS EXCELLENCY, PRESIDENT ABDEL FATTAH EL-SISI THE PRESIDENT OF THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT, THE SUPREME COMMANDER OF THE EGYPTIAN ARMED FORCES INSIGHT

existed in some form on Mars in the distant past. A loud thought hints 29 NOV – 2 DEC 2021 that life on earth might have come EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE from Mars. So, the question: Has life been hopping from one planet to another? Does the creator of life www.egyptdefenceexpo.com destroy it when it reaches the peak of its technological advancement @egyptdefenceexpo and attempts to reach God itself? Now compare these technological advances in Genetic /egyptdefenceexpo Engineering, NanoTechnology and Space Research with innovations @visitedex and inventions in Life Sciences and you will get a synergic view #EDEX2021 of the future. Think of advances in Psychiatry and Neurology. In A drone system inflight fact, Past Life Regression Therapy (PLRT) is becoming very popular THE DANGERS In such a “Virtual World” we will cable whose one end could be in curing psychic maladjustment of ARE THERE have “Virtual Brains” roaming the anchored to a floating ramp in an individuals. Just think beyond this THAT MAN Cosmic Space at will. ocean and the space end would be and you will land up justifying the MIGHT l RECYCLING HUMAN LIFE: The attached to an orbiting satellite. Theory of Rebirth and the Karmic DESTROY Human DNA has been mapped. This The elevator is meant for the use Cycle. In fact, the ID (Intelligent HIMSELF AND could lead to the Robotisation of of space travellers for moving from Design) Theory of the beginning THIS UNIVERSE human beings. Now if you please, one space station to another. This of this universe, as opposed to BEFORE HIS if you want to recycle your life is the preliminary step towards the Big Bang Theory, has almost FINAL MEETING you can digitalise yourself. (Kindly large-scale space travel. It is said acknowledged this. Maybe the WITH GOD. IS read my post, “Digitalising Human this would facilitate space tourism, Simulated World theory of Nixon nd THIS GOING TO Beings” posted on Sulekha Blogs in space hotels and space factories. Bostorm might authenticate the THE 2 EDITION OF EGYPT’S ONLY BE THE WAY September 2007). We can produce Efforts are also being made to Karmic Theory and Cyclical Nature MAN WANTS robotised clones and re-enact our harness Space Energy — which of time. I am not on this subject INTERNATIONAL DEFENCE EXHIBITION TO MEET HIS entire life or we can make our will come from undiffused sunlight. but I have highlighted this only to CREATOR? IS self Space Travellers by sending Emphasis is now on the concept of suggest that “Man might have a IT HIS FINAL our animated clones into space to producing reusable space vehicles. tryst with God in the distant future”. TRYST? various galaxies. Once they return, There are teething problems here What is going to be this Tryst with EGYPT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION CENTRE the “Original You” might not be but work is on to find answers. God? I do not know. But the dangers 29 NOV - 2 DEC 2021 there but they can re-enact your life l LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS are there that man might destroy with stored digitised data in your WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OUR himself and this universe before his Digitalised Life File and also make GALAXY: Scientists have found final meeting with God. Is this going 400 + 30,000 + FULLY-HOSTED VIP corrections wherever required. Of planets in other galaxies, which to be the way man wants to meet his EXHIBITORS VISITORS DELEGATION PROGRAMME course, there are moral questions. could have earth-like atmosphere creator? Is it his final Tryst? After all, But let us first conquer the final and support life. So far five such we might be the Simulated World. frontiers of human anatomy and planets have been identified. Bostorm says there was a 20 percent Headline Sponsor Platinum Sponsor Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsor space mysteries. Let us seek its Besides, in our own solar system, probability that it was so. Are we synthesis with the virtual world. Mars seems to be the ideal candidate heading for our final destination? l SPACE ELEVATORS: NASA is that could fulfil the criterion for a life Think—and think hard. currently working on a project supporting planet. NASA is planning –An ex-NDA and Wellington Staff on Space Elevators, which they a one-way mission of one hundred College graduate, the contributor is a say is likely to be ready by the humans in the next 5-6 years to renowned author and security analyst, and has authored four books. His best- Media Partner Supported by Organised by year 2100 AD. It is said that the colonise Mars. Traces of water have selling books are Kashmir – A Different elevators would be like a lift and been found on Mars by NASA’s Mars Perspective and The ULFA Insurgency. The views expressed are of the author go up to 100,000 km into space. orbiter. In some quarters, there and do not necessarily reflect the views of The elevator would comprise a is speculation that life might have Raksha Anirveda

Ministry of Egyptian Armed Ministry of Military 22 www.raksha-anirveda.com Defence Forces Production RAKSHA ANIRVEDA OPINION: GEOSTRATEGY www.raksha-anirveda.com

20 period, Saudi Arabia’s defense 2014 by integrating 16 smaller an antiquated military industry HIGH LEVEL purchases rose by 61 percent. The defense manufacturing companies. generally stifled by red tape, EDGE EXCHANGE UAE has been in talks with the US to This was followed up with further is set to bring products to market OF VISITS BY acquire F-35 fighter jets and armed consolidation of 25 smaller defense faster and at more cost-effective POLITICAL INDIA AND THE GULF: PROSPECTS FOR drones that would cost billions of companies with the launch of price points.” AND MILITARY dollars. From an economic point EDGE in November 2019. With an The UAE is also focusing on LEADERSHIP of view, establishing a defense estimated consolidated revenue of bringing more international industrial base will not only reduce US$5 billion and 12,000 employees, partners to shore up its local HAS CREATED external reliance but ease the the EDGE has emerged as one of defense industry. A key aspect of GREATER COLLABORATION IN DEFENSE SECTOR burden on the exchequer. It will also the largest defense companies in this is the biennial organization of UNDER- India’s defense and security ties with the UAE and Saudi Arabia have strengthened help in the economic diversification the region. defense exhibitions to display the STANDING efforts away from the oil-driven With a focus on acquisition evolution of the local industry and AND significantly in the recent years. In addition to other areas, there is a greater intent for economy and also create the much- of technology, innovation and attract international partners. The APPRECIATION collaboration in the field of defense industry needed local employment. research, the company is expecting International Defense Exhibition OF EACH Accordingly, the UAE and Saudi to become a provider of cutting- (IDEX) and the Naval Defense OTHER’S By DR MD MUDDASSIR QUAMAR Arabia are ramping up efforts edge solution for the future warfare. Exhibition (NAVDEX) in Abu Dhabi, THREAT the 15th edition of which were held PERCEPTIONS. ndia’s defense and security relations with the Gulf countries, especially Saudi on February 21-25, have emerged THIS HAS Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), have flourished in recent years. asmajor regional attraction in this LED TO AN Bilateral cooperation in maritime securityand counter-terrorism, and military- sector. According to Abu Dhabi to-military ties have strengthened due to persistent diplomatic outreach and Exhibition Company (ADNEC), EMPHASIS ON security calculations in New Delhi, Abu Dhabi and Riyadh. High level exchange of the organizer of the IDEX and EXPANDING visits by political and military leadership has created greater understanding and NAVDEX 2021, the expo witnessed DEFENSE appreciation of each other’s threat perceptions. This has led to an emphasis on participation of 900 exhibitors COOPERATION expanding defense cooperation to newer areas such as joint exercises, training from 59 countries and deals worth TO NEWER of defense personnel, research and exploration and defense manufacturing US$5.7 billion were signed by the AREAS SUCH I and acquisition. UAE armed forces during the event. AS JOINT Independent reports from think EXERCISES, tanks and industry observers TRAINING A key component ofdiscussion on INDIGENOUS DEFENSE underline the prospects of growth OF DEFENSE defense cooperation is the potentials in the local defense industry in the PERSONNEL, for collaborative efforts to promote INDUSTRIES IN UAE AND UAE as well as the efforts made RESEARCH indigenous defense industries in SAUDI ARABIA by the Saudi monarchy in this India, Saudi Arabia and the UAE to direction. In 2017, Saudi Arabia AND reduce their external reliance for Given the geopolitical climate in floated two companies to work EXPLORATION defense acquisition. Among the the Gulf and West Asia, the regional on enhancing the prospects for AND DEFENSE Memorandums of Understanding countries face serious security local defense production. The MANU- (MoUs) signed during the visit of challenges. There are several Saudi Arabian Military Industries FACTURING Prime Minister Narendra Modi to geopolitical and economic factors that (SAMI) was inaugurated in May AND Saudi Arabia in October 2019was have forced Arab Gulf monarchies to while the General Authority for ACQUISITION between Saudi Arabia’s General look for diversification of their defense Military Industries (GAMI) was Authority of Military Industries procurement while simultaneously launched in August last year. (GAMI) and the Department of Defense focusing on developing a local defense While the SAMI aims to become Production in the Indian Ministry of industry. For one, there are security one of the top regional defense Defence (MoD). The MoU envisaged threats due to tensions with Iran, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi at the signing of agreements between India and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh production companies, the GAMI “collaboration in military acquisition, rise of non-state actors such as Houthi focus on the Indo-Pacific to contain is a regulatory body that aims industries, research, development rebels in Yemen andthreats from a rising China. to develop indigenous defense Faisal Al Bannai, CEO and managing to promote local industries and and technology.” Similarly, anMoU jihadi-terrorist organizations such Saudi Arabia and the UAE are industry. The UAE is a pioneer in director of the conglomerate said at reduce import dependence of on cooperation in the field of defense as Islamic State (ISIS) and Al-Qaeda. among the top defense importers this field in the Gulf region and the time of its launch,“The solution the kingdom “by developing industry was signed between Indian On the other hand, their most reliable in the West Asiacausing a significant is emerging as a regional hub to address hybrid warfare lies at industries, facilitating research and and Emirati defense ministries during security partner, the United States burden on their exchequer. for defense manufacturers. The the convergence of innovations technologies, developing national the visit of Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince (US) on which they had depended According to the Stockholm first step in this direction was the from the commercial world and human capital.” Simultaneously, Mohammed Bin Zayed to New Delhi for their security for long, is keen on International Peace Research formation of the Emirates Defense the military industry. Established it wishes to “enhancing exports in January 2017. reducing its regional commitments to Institute (SIPRI) during the 2016- Industries Company (EDIC) in with a core mandate to disrupt through enabling the sector by

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long-term planning of military But due to a lack of local defense edge technology. Both require India, UAE and Saudi Arabia purchases and providing incentives industry and production, currently international partnerships in intend to develop indigenous to local manufacturers.” India overwhelmingly depends on addition to local efforts toward defense industries, share strong Needless to say, that the imports to fulfill the requirements capacity building, research and security ties and have evolved two regional power house are of its forces.This has led to India innovation. There are some mechanisms for cooperation ahead in comparison to other being among the top defense movement in this direction and among their armed forces. Within Gulf competitors both in terms importers in the world. According the MoD is focusing on acquisition this framework, the need is greater of the intent and capacity to to SIPRI, during the 2016-20 of home-grown equipment and contacts and discussions among invest in developing local defense period, India was the second largest weapons for the armed forces. industry leaders and experts to industries and reduce the external defense importer in the world after During 2018-20, the GoIhas transform the intent into a reality. dependence. Saudi Arabia, though its overall “accorded Acceptance of Necessity There are immense possibilities imports fell by nearly 32 percent, in (AoN) to 112 Defence proposals, given that India has many EMPHASIS IN INDIA ON comparison to the 2011-15 period. worth Rs 1,99,860 crore [US$275.62 advantages such as expertise in Recognizing the changing billion] approximately, under cyber security and its large pool DEFENSE INDUSTRY nature of warfare and the need for the various categories of Capital of trained personnel ready to reducing the import-dependence, Acquisition” to promote domestic be channelized. Joint ventures India too faces serious the Government of India (GoI) manufacturing. Accordingly, “Many between industry leaders can internal and external security has been focusing on promoting significant projects including 155mm boost capacity-building and challenges. It has been working local defense industry. Both the Artillery Gun system ‘’, local production. In addition to towardsmodernisation of its armed Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bridge Laying Tank, Thermal bilateral collaboration, given the forces to meet the challenges of Bharat initiatives include this Imaging Sight Mark-II for T-72 strong relations between the three future warfare. The evolving objective with the larger aim of tank, Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) countries trilateral joint ventures THE EXCELLENT hybrid nature of warfare is leading increasing the proportion of made ‘Tejas’, ‘Akash’ Surface to Air Missile can be explored. RELATIONS to a shift of focus in the armed in India weapons and equipment system, Submarine ‘INS Kalvari’, ‘INS Besides, there are possibilities AND EXISTING forces from a personnel-driven in acquisition and procurement Chennai’, Anti-Submarine Warfare for collaboration in research and AGREEMENTS ON COLLA- to a technology-driven approach. for the armed forces. Eventually, Corvette (ASWC), Armoured development, especially in niche BORATION IN India wishes to enhance its defense Repair and Recovery Vehicle, areas of artificial intelligence, cyber THIS FIELD exports wherein it currently Landing Craft Utility (LCU) etc. have security, electronic surveillance, PROVIDE THE INDIA, UAE AND SAUDI ARABIA INTEND TO ranks 23rd among top 25 defense been produced in the country under space exploration etc. wherein DEVELOP INDIGENOUS DEFENSE INDUSTRIES, TEMPLATE FOR SHARE STRONG SECURITY TIES AND HAVE EVOLVED exporting countries. ‘Make in India’ initiative.” India can offer its expertise while COLLABORATIVE MECHANISMS FOR COOPERATION AMONG THEIR There are two basic aspects the UAE and Saudi Arabia can invest EFFORTS. ARMED FORCES. WITHIN THIS FRAMEWORK, THE that are important in this regard; COMMON GROUNDS capital. The defense exhibitions, INDUSTRY NEED IS GREATER CONTACTS AND DISCUSSIONS one is capacity-building in such as DefExpo and AeroIndia LEADERS IN AMONG INDUSTRY LEADERS AND EXPERTS TO defense production and second As noted in the introduction, India’s and IDEX and NAVDEX, offer the THE THREE TRANSFORM THE INTENT INTO A REALITY is the need for acquiring cutting- defense and security ties with platforms for explore collaborative COUNTRIES the UAE and Saudi Arabia have opportunities. NEED TO TAKE INITIATIVES strengthened significantly in the AND TAP THIS recent years. In addition to other CONCLUSION Participants in a group photo at India Pavillion at recently-held IDEX/ NAVDEX in Abu Dhabi HITHERTO areas, there is a greater intent UNDER- for collaboration in the field of The defense industries in India, also has immense potentials in excellent relations and existing DEVELOPED defense industry. India has signed UAE and Saudi Arabia are at terms of the ability in technology agreements on collaboration in AREA WHICH MoUs with both the UAE and Saudi various stages of development. acquisition and capital infusion. this field provide the template IS VITAL Arabia for cooperation in this sector. India has an advantage because Likewise, Saudi Arabia as a regional for collaborative efforts. Industry NATIONAL The MoU signed with the UAE of its large market and huge pool giant has advantages in terms of leaders in the three countries SECURITY AND envisages greater cooperation in of human resource as well as a capital infusion and technology need to take initiatives and tap HAS BOTH the “fields of defense manufacturing well-established manufacturing acquisition. Its nascent defense this hitherto underdeveloped area ECONOMIC and technology, including through ecosystem and research industry is in need of fast growth. which is vital national security and AND GEOPOLITICAL studies, research, development, institutions working in niche areas. The governments in all has both economic and geopolitical IMPLICATIONS innovation and cooperation The UAE with its concentrated three countries have put an implications. between public and private sector efforts and track record of emphasis on the need to reduce –The writer is Associate Fellow, Manohar institutions.” It furthers provisions successful transformation in other external dependence for defense Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and forpartnerships in “areas of economic sectors is emerging as acquisition, and are taking Analyses (MP-IDSA), New Delhi. Views armaments, defense industries and the leading defense industrial steps to push for self-reliance expressed are of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of MP-IDSA or PM Modi with Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan of UAE transfer of technology.” hub in the Gulf and West Asia. It in defense manufacturing. The Government of India

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Department (EDD) and its director, Li Shangfu, for acquiring two S-400 systems as well as Sukhoi Su-35 ‘Flanker-E’ WILL THE US SUCCEED IN DECOUPLING combat aircraft. Thereafter, in December 2020, sanctions were imposed against US’ NATO-ally INDIA’S DEFENCE BEAR HUG WITH RUSSIA? Turkey also for taking delivery of the first of two S-400 systems, The Biden-Harris administration faces a serious dilemma. similar to the ones India awaits. Having sanctioned other countries for similar Russian And, faced with the prospect of being sanctioned under military equipment purchases, it simply cannot absolve CAATSA in March 2020, India from being correspondingly penalised Indonesia opted to scrap the AMIT COWSHISH acquisition of the Russian Su- 35 fighters under a barter deal, choosing the he maiden two-day … through regional security truth later this year after Russia fighters and Boeing F-15EX visit of US Secretary cooperation and military-to- begins delivery of first of the Advanced Eagle fighter aircraft of Defence, Lloyd J military interactions and defense five Almaz-Antei S-400E Triumf instead to upgrade its obsolete Austin to New Delhi trade”. self-propelled surface-to-air fighter profile. T in March 2021 Bilateral military (SAM) systems that India had If anything, these precedents signified the Biden- commerce has, indeed, been acquired in October 2018 for do not bode well for India, Harris administration’s intent the cornerstone of deepening $5.5 billion for the Indian Air which has so far shown no to continue bilateral strategic strategic engagement between Force (IAF). For inducting the signs of terminating the S-400 engagement with India, without the two countries. It now advanced SAM system renders buy or procurement of other Defence Minister Rajnath Singh with the US Defence Secretary, Lloyd Austin after bilateral talks, in New Delhi any significant departure from stands at close to $20 billion India vulnerable to being assorted Russian materiel it has licence-construct the Sukhoi Su- India was yet to take delivery the previous policy. with recent US equipment penalised by Washington under contracted to acquire over the 30MKI Flanker multi-role combat of the system. In an anodyne Secretary Austin struck the buys by India including P-8I the US’ Countering America’s past five years. These include aircraft. declaration the US Defence right chord by commending Neptune long-range maritime Adversaries Through Sanctions four Admiral Grigorovich- Consequently, the Biden- Secretary declared that the US India’s leadership in the Indo- multi-mission aircraft, AH-64E ACT (CAATSA). class stealth frigates, leasing Harris administration, hoist urged all its allies and partners Pacific region and growing Apache Guardian attack CAATSA became law of a second Project 971 with its own petard, faces to ‘move away’ from Russian engagement with like-minded and CH-47F Chinook in August 2017 after ‘Akula’ class nuclear- WHATEVER THE a serious dilemma. Having equipment and to ‘avoid any democracies in the region, heavy-lift helicopters, SOME ANALYSTS being approved by the US powered submarine (SSN) sanctioned other countries kind of acquisition that would to promote shared strategic, C-17 Globemaster III IN DELHI, Congress in response to in addition to assorted OUTCOME, IT for similar Russian military trigger sanctions’ but declined political and economic goals. and C -130J-30 military HOWEVER, Russia annexing Crimea ammunition and missile IS DIFFICULT TO equipment purchases, it to elaborate. This was an obvious reference transport aircraft and BAE in 2014 and its alleged systems. simply cannot absolve India The expectation of sanctions BELIEVE THAT ASSESS WHAT to the Quadrilateral Security Systems M777 155mm/39 meddling in the 2016 US India is also negotiating STRATEGIC from being correspondingly being imposed surfaced Dialogue, or Quad, in which calibre howitzers. SECTION 231 presidential elections. the licensed production penalised. But inexplicably, immediately before Austin’s visit. India has invested considerable The two sides are also OF CAATS ACT The Act authorises the US of some 750,000 Russian OBJECTIVE THE US the gathering storm is The chairman of the US Senate’s diplomatic and naval capital. in advanced negotiations COULD PROVIDE Government to impose Kalashnikov AK-203 WILL ACHIEVE BY continuously underplayed foreign affairs committee Robert He also stressed the importance for assorted equipment unilateral sanctions on assault rifles by its state- by both US and Indian Mendez urged Austin to warn A FACE-SAVING COMPELLING INDIA of the India-US strategic and and weapon systems countries — or specific owned Ordnance Factory TO ROLL BACK, officials, as it was during India that acquisition of the S-400 defence partnership and its worth $10-12 billion, like REPRIEVE FOR entities within an offending Board and 140 Kamov Austin’s visit, even though systems would render it liable impact on the international rules- the armed MQ-9 Reaper THE US, EAGER country — for entering into Ka-226T ‘Hoodlum’ light IF NOT SEVER, delivery of the S-400 to be sanctioned under CAATSA. based order which he claimed or Predator-B unmanned TO COLLABORATE bilateral contracts with multi-role helicopters ITS MILITARY systems is scheduled for The New Jersey senator also would only proliferate. aerial vehicles (UAVs) Russia. It also applies to Iran — in addition to initially later this year. urged Austin to raise concerns WITH INDIA AS COMMERCE WITH Addressing a select media and National Advanced and North Korea because acquiring 60 others in ‘fly RUSSIA OTHER In his joint presser in regarding human rights issues interaction after talks with Surface-to-Air Missile A ‘FRONTLINE’ of their respective rogue away’ condition. India Delhi Austin declared in India and perceived dilution Defence Minister Rajnath Singh System-2 (NASAMS-2), STATE IN ITS nuclear programmes. is also in advanced talks THAN PUSHING that he had taken up the of democratic norms by Prime on March 20, Secretary Austin amongst others. SHADOW-BOXING In 2018 the Act was with Moscow to import MOSCOW EVEN S-400 issue with Singh, Minister Narendra Modi’s stated that they had “discussed Such thriving unilateral invoked against the 21 additional second- but there was no question government. WITH CHINA CLOSER TO CHINA opportunities to elevate the trade, however, seems Chinese Defence Ministry’s hand MiG-29 ‘Fulcrum’ AND PAKISTAN of discussing the matter Eventually, however, all three US-India defense partnership headed for a moment of Equipment Development fighters and to locally of sanctions because issues were underplayed by

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conversely, between 2008 and 2017 Indian military platforms and defence kit procurements from the US had increased a whopping 557 per cent. Additionally, India had substantially increased defence procurements from the US’ strategic partners France and Israel. And secondly, India-US bilateral and military ties too are robust with the Quad being a most recent instance with regard to China, the common foe. However, a less charitable view is that the threat of enforcing CAATSA on Delhi is being kept alive to ‘persuade’ India to acquire US combat fighters for the IAF and the Indian Navy (IN) for an estimated US$30 billion. The IAF has long been demanding 114 medium multi-role ﻣﻌرض وﻣؤﺗﻣر اﻟﺑﺣرﯾن اﻟدوﻟﻲ ﻟﻠدﻓﺎع combat aircraft to make up Defence Minister Mr Singh with US Defence Secretary, Mr Austin at the bilateral meeting, in New Delhi on its depleted fighter squadrons, March 20, 2021. Defence Secretary Dr. Ajay Kumar, the Secretary (Defence Production), Raj Kumar, the Secretary, while the IN is seeking 57 Multi- Department of Defence R&D and Chairman, DRDO, Dr. G. Satheesh Reddy are also seen Role Carrier Borne Fighters for B I D E C Austin, indicating a realisation at steps to reduce its inventory of its third aircraft carrier that bahrain’s premier international Bahrain International Defence the political level in the US that major defence equipment and remains under consideration. Exhibition & Conference Washington remains chary of advanced conventional The US is a strong contender offending a close ally, leave alone weapons produced by in this programme. tri-service defence show imposing sanctions. It also raises the defence sector of the HOWEVER, A Whatever the outcome, the spectre of both sides being in Russian Federation…over LESS CHARITABLE it is difficult to assess what denial over the issue, even when a specified period’. The VIEW IS THAT strategic objective the US 25 - 27 October 2021 being ostrich-like was simply not case for waiver is further THE THREAT will achieve by compelling an option. reinforced if the said OF ENFORCING India to roll back, if not sever, Bahrain International Exhibition Even so, it’s irrefutable country cooperates with its military commerce with CAATSA ON that there can be no escape the US on other security Russia other than pushing & Convention Centre for Washington from enforcing matters critical to its DELHI IS BEING Moscow even closer to China CAATSA on India, as it remains a interests. KEPT ALIVE TO and Pakistan. It will be equally law approved by the US Congress This could prove ‘PERSUADE’ INDIA challenging for India to parse www.bahraindefence.com /visitbidec @visitbidec @visitbidec2021 and rebutting it is not an option. fortuitous for India as TO ACQUIRE the sanctions, should they Some analysts in Delhi, however, it more than measures US COMBAT be imposed, as around two- believe that Section 231 of the up on both counts. thirds of its military inventory Officially Supported by Knowledge Partner Act could provide a face-saving Firstly, according to the FIGHTERS FOR is sourced from Moscow. reprieve for the US, eager to Stockholm International THE IAF AND THE On the flip side, this could collaborate with India as a Peace Research Institute INDIAN NAVY also impact the impending Royal Bahrain Ministry of Ministry of Bahrain Center for Strategic ‘frontline’ state in its shadow- (SIPRI) India’s share of (IN) FOR AN defence deals with the US. Bahrain Defence Royal Guard Royal Bahrain National Guard Force Air Force Naval Force Foreign Affairs Information Affairs International and Energy Studies boxing with China. Russian materiel buys ESTIMATED US$30 The suspense continues. Under this section, sanctions had declined from 70 BILLION – The author is Ex-Financial Media Partner In conjunction with Organised by can be waived if the country per cent in 2010-2014 to Advisor (Acquisition), Ministry concerned is ‘taking or will take 58% in 2014-2018, while of Defence

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India has had to take a hard look at resources and overlapping claims missiles and has been conducting CHINA’S its own land and maritime security on strategic hotspots in the South naval exercises in the South China FRIENDSHIP interests after the PLA transgressed China Sea. It has led to a coalition of Sea in an explicitly offensive posture. WITH PAKISTAN across the Line of Actual Control the four quadrilateral nations (USA, There is a saying, “When elephants AND ITS INDIA HAS JOINED QUAD BUT MUST (LAC) in Ladakh last year. Japan, Australia and India) to deter fight the soil below gets trampled”. CONTROL OF PM Modi resolutely beefed up the assertive rise of China in the USA and China are the elephants GWADAR PORT the Army and Air Force to deter Indo-Pacific maritime domain with and Indian waters may get muddied IN BALOCHISTAN Chinese aggression as the past CBMs its illegal acquisition and conversion as China has ambitious designs to PROVINCE, and border agreements holding the of rocks in the South China Sea into win the Great New Maritime Game AND THE LESS AUGMENT ITS NAVY ON PRIORITY peace were overtaken by events like Islands. China has made inroads in in the IOR. REPORTED the Galwan clash on April 15 and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) with The IOR has been India’s parish, PROGRESS ON China has followed Alfred Mahan’s strategy on maritime power that made the US rise through Operation Snow Leopard launched support to Pakistan and PLA (N) but the strategic balance has altered A SUBMARINE a joint maritime based trade and military policy in the 20th century. The PLA Navy with 335 on August 29 last year when the has fortified a logistic base in the that. Experts say India is probably at a FACILITY AT warships has overtaken America’s 295. The Indian Navy has around 134 ships. Numbers matter gained control over the Republic of Djibouti. The strategic considerable strategic disadvantage THE JINNAH dominating heights in the struggle between a risen China and to China in its economy, technology NAVAL BASE and India can neglect its Navy at its own peril region. With no immediate threat at the US, the reigning superpower, and especially the military. China’s AT ORMARA, sea in the IOR, the Indian Navy has comes with its baggage of security military is supported by Pakistan, HAS MADE By CMDE RANJIT B RAI (RETD) exercises like Tropex to further been neglected. concerns in the waters of the Indo- dubbed as India’s two-front war THE SECURITY jointness – in keeping with PM Modi’s The capabilities of the PLA (Navy) Pacific and IOR. dilemma. Only in the Indian Ocean, DYNAMICS IN n March 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi enunciated India’s maritime policy call for synergized power of India’s pose a global security risk, especially China has upgraded the capability which includes China’s vital energy THE REGION as, “We seek a future for the Indian Ocean that lives up to the name of ‘SAGAR’ armed forces. However, orders for when there is a strong evidence of her naval strike-power with 395 routes from the Persian Gulf and COMPLEX — Security and Growth for All in the Region.” In 2016, at the International replacement of platforms have not of fierce competition over natural ships and 60 submarines with lethal Africa, does India have the upper Fleet Review at Visakhapatnam, PM Modi spoke of the concept of ‘Vasudhaiva been pursued. The Navy actively took Kutumbakam’ – the world as a family – vividly witnessed on the oceans and part in international exercises like I added that defending our Sea Lines of Communication (SLOCs) is vital. Malabar in the Indo-Pacific, HADR operations and repatriated Indians during the Covid pandemic and These two mantras in absence of a Awareness (MDA) to maintain peace, acted as first responders to nations prescribed National Maritime Strategy stability and free and open navigation affected by natural calamities even have guided the 134 warships and 200 for trade. on the Eastern seaboard of Africa. S-80 Plus aircraft of the Indian Navy, and 70 large The Indian Navy uses ports in The Navy’s framework for effective platforms and 44 aircraft of the Indian Singapore, Mauritius and Oman for security bears testimony to the Ready to go Coast Guard, to pursue maritime operational turn around (OTR) for its growing bonds between the maritime operations in the Indian Ocean Region ships and aircraft as the Net Security forces as India has also supplied (IOR). Under these same principles, Provider (NSP) in the IOR and has platforms and set up coastal radar India has invited the coastal states augmented its MDA capabilities with chains for security in the IOR. The most advanced to become members of the Maritime networked inputs from coastal radars, electric submarine Fusion Centre established at the ships and aircraft like P-8Is connected worldwide Navy’s Information Management and to the GSAT-8 satellite in cooperation INDIA-CHINA TIES POST LADAKH Powerful attack capabilities: heavy Analysis Centre (IMAC) in Gurgaon, with the US Navy after signing the INCURSION weight torpedoes and submarine near Delhi, for Maritime Domain three foundational agreements launched cruise missiles. namely LEMOA, COMCASA and BECA. China’s friendship with Pakistan Low-maintenance bio-ethanol MDA is critical to police and pursue and its control of Gwadar port in based AIP solution. naval operations and safe guard the Balochistan province, and the less region’s Blue Economy and combat reported progress on a submarine Unique: the only 3.000 t AIP submarine under construction terrorism and piracy. facility at the Jinnah Naval Base worldwide. Despite having limited assets and a at Ormara, has made the security Stealth and very low signatures. reduced share of the Defence Budget dynamics in the region complex (down to 14 per cent from 18 per cent) and the maritime situation in after the 2014 Doklam and the Ladakh the IOR and Indo-Pacific, which incursion by the PLA and the Covid houses the world’s fastest-growing pandemic since last year, the Navy has economies, competitive. Military maintained an operational tempo with expenditures have increased with Naval ships at Quad Plus nation exercise patrols in the IOR and inter-service more submarines in the region and

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its economy is recovering faster than other nations, and EAM Jaishankar has admitted China’s growth has been explosive and has set conditions to bring about better relations or India will show China a gun for a gun. World over there is a trend for nations to demand that warships take permission before entering the 12-mile exclusive territorial waters. Nations, including China, permit innocent passage as per UNCLOS Article 24, which has to be continuous and expeditious and not prejudicial to the peace, US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin calls on Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi good order or security of the state. its military allies for success and Stopping and anchoring is only covets India’s maritime support and permitted in an emergency. In our has supplied high-end interoperable neighbourhood, Bangladesh expects systems and could ask India to join a foreign warship or a submarine a military coalition like NATO in passing through its territorial sea, to the Indo-Pacific. Indian has to bear do so only after giving prior notice in mind its relations with Russia, to the government, implying it may especially for its strategic nuclear be denied as a sovereign right. India submarine programme and military too expects no warship with nuclear dependence and the S-400 missiles weapons to enter Indian jurisdiction. A snapshot from Malabar Naval Exercise contract, at a time when America’s This is where the size and role hand. India must pay attention to new Biden administration seems to of the Indian Navy will matter. EMI /EMC TESTING AS PER MIL-STD-461 strategic thinking that suggests the have taken on both China and Russia. The prophecy attributed to Alfred Indian Navy should be strengthened At the first virtual summit of Quad Mahan (1840-1914) is that the IL-STD-461 specifies ERDA is fully equipped, capable and having 3 ton weight bearing capacity to to meet China, notwithstanding the leaders arranged by US President future of the world will be decided the requirements for the accredited as per ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 accommodate big & bulky equipment. support it will get from Pakistan in Joe Biden on March 12 with Prime on the waters of the Indian control of electromagnetic to perform testing as per E&F revisions In-house testing of equipment, in excess its own interior lines (IOR), which will Ministers Modi, Morrison and Suga, Ocean in the 21st Century. India’s interference characteristics of MIL-STD-461. ERDA is equipped of 20 feet in length and weighing up to be China’s weak exterior with a long they failed to name China or mention maritime thinkers KM Pannikar M(emissions and susceptibility) with 10 meter Semi Anechoic chamber 3 tons is already performed. THE line for logistical support that can be China’s illegal claim on the South and Rear Admiral Shridharan in of electronic, electrical, and CAPABILITIES disrupted by the Indian Navy and the China Sea rocks that it has reclaimed their writings emphasized the electromechanical equipment/system/ Tests undertaken at ERDA as per MIL-STD-461 Revision E & F OF THE PLA (NAVY) POSE Quad’s maritime power and prowess. with technology and converted into Sea as India’s Saviour. China has subsystems (Rack mount/Wall mount/ TEST NAME TEST DESCRIPTION The India Navy has the capability to an artificial fortified island to extend followed Mahan’s strategy on Floor standing) designed for various A GLOBAL CE 101 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz SECURITY RISK, stop China’s designs in the IOR at choke its deficient maritime geography. The maritime power that made the agencies of the Department of Defence ESPECIALLY points and one of China’s Achilles heel QUAD leaders stressed the need for US rise through a joint maritime (DoD). MIL-STD-461 has been an CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads,10 kHz to 10 MHz is called its Malacca Dilemma. India is free and open navigation in the Indo- based trade and military policy in active document since 1967 and has WHEN THERE CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz IS A STRONG also establishing outposts in Alagaga Pacific and cooperation on issues like the 20th century. The PLA Navy undergone several revisions over the EVIDENCE in Mauritius, Accession Island in Covid and joint production of vaccines with 335 warships has overtaken years due to changes in Electromagnetic CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, OF FIERCE Seychelles and Duqm in Oman and and Climate Change. US Defence America’s 295, and China has the Environment (EME) caused by the 10 kHz to 200 MHz COMPETITION the Comoros islands, all pursued by Secretary Gen Lloyd Austin visited world’s largest mercantile fleet, rapidly increasing use of electronics and CS115 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation OVER NATURAL EAM S. Jaishankar. India will have to India for further talks. though the US Navy commands advancements in technology. CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables RESOURCES make choices about the parameters India must ponder whether the superior technology. The Indian ERDA has vast EMIEMC testing AND and Power Leads,10 kHz to 100 MHz of the Quad as it could fall into a time is opportune to join a military Navy has around 134 ships and 200 experience of different electrical and OVERLAPPING RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz CLAIMS ON ‘Thucydides Trap’, a situation when a pact as the global economy, including naval aircraft, many aging. Numbers electronics products made for defence STRATEGIC hegemonic emerging power like China India’s, has suffered the ill effects of matter and India can neglect its application like control panels for RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz HOTSPOTS IN threatens to displace the existing the Covid pandemic and India has Navy only at its own peril. Missile launcher , Missile controller, RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz THE SOUTH power America and a lesser power expended much in warding off the PLA Radar System, Flood detection for CHINA SEA may suffer in the process. in Ladakh by beefing up the Air Force –The contributor is the author of Warring Nuclear Navy application & Motors for Naval RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field,2 MHz to 18 GHz Nations–India And Pakistan. The views expressed in (up to 50V/M) The US has always depended on at the cost of the Navy. China claims the article are solely of the author application.

34 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 35 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA ANALYSIS www.raksha-anirveda.com LAND MILITARY EQUIPMENT: NO SOLUTIONS, ONLY TRADE-OFFS Slightly simpler, more rugged and reliable options will give a long-lasting advantage in a strategic or operational setting, and the possibility to acquire, for the same price, enough units to form an actual military force

By NATALIA FREYTON

n Land military equipment, there are no solutions, only trade-offs: A STRATEGIC CHOICE NEARLY countries outside the military top-tier find themselves with strategic equations they need to figure out, when shaping their forces. A very small EVERY COUNTRY MUST MAKE handful of countries have the luxury of wishful thinking and unlimited hardware spending. For most others, though, securing their territory is A microscopic share of the near- Indian Army Howitzer deployed in a mountainous region a complex business which involves striking the right balance between 200 countries in the world have ruggedness and sophistication, and another between sovereignty and cost- lavish military budgets, either acumen and astuteness. For most armies will focus on one worth its salt therefore needs SECURING THE effectiveness. India, with its two long and hot borders with Pakistan and because their economy is so them, it is a matter of finding “area of excellence”, designed to complement them with more TERRITORY OF I China, is up against this choice right now. flourishing that they can afford the right balance between four to be the backbone of their affordable and bulky military A COUNTRY IS it, or because they stretch their main parameters, to form an warring strategy and the main means - a series of conventional A COMPLEX military budgets way above effective and coherent strategy: repellent for potential attackers, units, which can interoperate, BUSINESS par. In short, this category scalability, territory control, cost articulated within a relevant and will make the “beef” of WHICH encompasses the United States, effectiveness and independence. strategy. Needless to say, the military muscle. INVOLVES and only to a certain extent might of their military force Nations rely on gradual STRIKING THE China, Russia, and a very few doesn’t only apply to battlefields, response strategies, and RIGHT BALANCE Western European countries. CHOOSING WHAT TO PUT as nations will be judged on this therefore need to be able to BETWEEN This financial abundance (which THE MONEY ON very scale by their diplomatic increase military by small RUGGEDNESS remains relative for all nations counterparts. As a means of increments, before pulling out AND SOPHISTI- besides the US) affords them a Every country needs a trump illustration, the very select the big guns. Quite often, the CATION, AND comfortable strategic deadlock card. For a few countries, club of nations which possess use of intermediate military ANOTHER with on-par players and immense nuclear deterrence is the one. nuclear warheads or aircraft- potential is precisely designed to BETWEEN domination over the rest. These Other countries have their carriers benefit from additional avoid going to extremes. SOVEREIGNTY nations therefore hold arsenals own: Germany holds a deadly and beneficial standing within Intermediate and numerous AND COST- which contain ever-modernizing combination of heavy armor and diplomatic channels. Many military equipment will enable EFFECTIVE- nuclear warheads, large-scale mechanized infantry, as does wars have been terminated the long-lasting control of NESS. INDIA, robotic systems, space weapons, Israel. Russia, on the other hand, on the simple demand from territory, deep into its reality WITH ITS TWO hypersonic weapons, or all of the on top of its nuclear arsenal, has one nation which possessed and whatever its geographic LONG AND HOT above, at various development fearsome aviation and electronic one of these super-weapons. configuration. No territory is BORDERS WITH stages, or even directed-energy warfare. This will place them on However, one such high-tech toy truly controlled until boots come PAKISTAN AND weapons, at experimental level. the level of their main opponents is never enough and needs to be onto the ground. CHINA, IS UP But for the great majority of and form the main line of supported by more sturdy, if less There is a reasonable cost AGAINST THIS countries, building an effective conventional deterrence. Should shiny, military hardware. per unit, which will enable CHOICE defense apparatus is not a matter of deterrence fail, these assets These high-tech “trump cards’’ redundancy and resilience. RIGHT NOW snapping one’s fingers: it involves need to be fully operational are, in essence, expensive and Accountants tend to shy In two decades’ time, only a few countries in the world will have access to hypersonic weapons a generous amount of judgement, and reliable. For the most part, precious. A national defense plan away from redundancies,

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THERE IS A considering for instance that tech and constant innovation, and tested kit, as their lives pit of questionable strategic REASONABLE artillery units are not needed, and their strategic stance. They and performance depend on it. relevance. Some innovations COST PER as long as ships can fire from both lean on the side of soft A balance is therefore sought are relevant, and some are UNIT, WHICH their even bigger guns, deep power: their mere existence is between the weapon systems just expensive gimmicks. It is WILL ENABLE inland. Naturally, commanders enough for a country to throw its and the human systems. The duo still too early to tell whether REDUNDANCY disagree, and tend to greatly weight around. They give their must be durable and resilient, the latest technological jumps AND RESILIENCE. appreciate redundancies which nation a global standing, due to and it must be affordable and aiming to revolutionize warfare ACCOUNTANTS ensure continuity of service their capacity to project large relevant. into the network-centric era / PETER T. INSTAGRAM PHOTO CREDIT: TEND TO SHY during battle. military forces at considerable are foolish endeavors or actual AWAY FROM Finally, countries may desire distances. They are seen as INDIA AT THE CROSSROAD steps forward. Going overboard REDUNDANCIES, to increase home-based military “technical deterrence” and their with a high-tech strategy runs CONSIDERING production, in order to decrease constant technical improvement Should we take the interesting the risk of losing touch with FOR INSTANCE strategic dependence. The aims to equal or overtake the example of India, which is terrestrial and effective action. THAT ARTILLERY increase of domestic military technical excellence of opponents restructuring its forces, with The US has, on occasions, fallen UNITS ARE production has the effect and counterparts. A long story an established ambition to into this groundhog hole, namely NOT NEEDED, on the producing country of short, growing sophistication build domestically, we would with the extremely expensive AS LONG AS transferring mid- to high-tier tends to become their central see two main risks, each of and yet-to-be-proven XM 2001 SHIPS CAN FIRE technology. This, in turn, will characteristic, over time. which lying in the extremes of Crusader. Defense specialist FROM THEIR place the producing country in Land forces, on the other the spectrum of possibilities. Stephen Rodriguez writes on EVEN BIGGER the very select club of nations hand, hold the noblesse, if they India could go for a rugged, the matter: “Secretary Rumsfeld GUNS,DEEP which are able to independently lack the heavy funding and the low-tech and cheap army. cancelled the program in 2002 INLAND. create their own defense. The nifty toys. Based above all on Either an upgrade based on after spending $2,000,000,000, NATURALLY, natural consequence of this the human factor, they have 80s-era equipment, or new making it one of the first RMA- COMMANDERS situation will be their supplying of historically been the decisive designs based on that same era programs to dissolve. DISAGREE, AND neighboring and allied countries, factor and embodied the reality technology, would enable the Ironically, many of the TEND TO GREATLY and the ensuing increase of their of outcomes. Their number and multiplication of units at a Crusader technologies were APPRECIATE diplomatic influence. morale will be the factors in the low price and easily-attainable incorporated in the FCS family REDUNDANCIES The current state of global equation of their excellence, domestic production. But these of XM1203 Non-Line of Sight WHICH ENSURE affairs follows, in its most part, more than their technicality units would be so far behind, (NLOS) cannons, which were the following simple layout. will ever be. Naturally, the technologically speaking, that subsequently cancelled as well.” Indian soldiers on radio CONTINUITY OF during a combat operation SERVICE DURING On the one hand, naval and sophistication of their equipment the little money spent would But even if these obscenely BATTLE air forces group together with will nonetheless matter greatly, be wasted in the face of what expensive military programs are their cost, reliance on high- and ground soldiers rely on true their modern counterparts worth their salt, their resulting LAND FORCES, ON THE OTHER HAND, HOLD THE NOBLESSE, IF THEY LACK THE HEAVY can display. This would yield products would only supply FUNDING AND THE NIFTY TOYS.BASED ABOVE ALL ON THE HUMAN FACTOR,THEY HAVE quantity over quality, and India with fancy toys to display, HISTORICALLY BEEN THE DECISIVE FACTOR AND EMBODIED THE REALITY OF OUTCOMES would have a disastrous effect would do little to increase their on morale, given that troops long-term standing and deplete million military, and Pakistan to come. But going overboard would know that the choice their capacity to acquire simpler 650 000. with technological ambitions to equip them poorly was equipment in a sufficient number This makes a strong and will lead straight to acquiring deliberate (poor equipment to yield a strategic advantage. numerous conventional force a a small amount of fragile toys leading to poor morale is India has historically shared must-have for India. with little or no actual use on the often quoted as a main factor tense rapport with Pakistan, In military matters, tech battlefield. to the blitz collapse of the since their respective inceptions, does count. An increase in Slightly simpler, more rugged Iraqi army). In fact, several and recent clashes with China speed, range, stealth, or even and reliable options will give neighboring countries have has highlighted the PLA’s new adaptability can give one a long lasting advantage in a advanced military equipment military capacities. The motto “si warring faction a decisive edge strategic or operational setting, (namely China’s rocket force) vis pacem, para bellum” applies over the other. Better still, the and the possibility to acquire, for which immediately invalidates also in Asia, and in the case capacity to integrate numerous the same price, enough units to India’s option to turn to the of India, preparing for a war and potent capacities, in one form an actual military force. military flea market. that would involve such huge integral system which reaches – The writer is a defence and security industry consultant having varied The opposite mistake would demographic numbers with a objectives and counters all types experience working with medium and be to engage in a “Future strategy mainly based on small of threats homogeneously, will large companies majorly in European market. The views expressed are personal Russian MBTs and IFVs of the 1990s, upgraded with the latest technology, may prove relevant if encapsulated within Combat System” of its own, and high-tech units, is obviously surely be a must-have for major and do not necessarily reflect the views of the appropriate C4I and ground-to-air defence networks. However, they are still not high intensity “combat proven”. which is to say in a bottomless off the table. China counts 2 military forces, in the years Raksha Anirveda

38 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 39 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA IN CONVERSATION www.raksha-anirveda.com BOEING CONFIDENT OF OFFERING Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet Block III UNRIVALLED VALUE TO INDIAN NAVY THROUGH MULTI-ROLE F/A-18 SUPER HORNET BLOCK III

urendra Ahuja is Managing Director of Boeing Defence India Boeing has made a strong pitch for KC-46A F/A-18 Milestone (BDI). A retired Rear Admiral, Ahuja is in charge of delivering F/A-18 Super Hornet Block III for on Boeing’s commitments to its Indian defence customers while the India Navy. How this advanced new positioning it for new business opportunities. In an interview generation aircraft is different from “Our growing partnership with to Ajit K Thakur, Editor. Raksha Anirveda, he delved into the competitors especially in terms of the country’s defence forces, details of Boeing’s ‘For India, By India’ aircraft sustainment technology and cost? Kindly elaborate. strategy besides describing how valuable F/A-18 Super Hornet An advanced, multi-role, frontline airline customers and expanding Block III is for India and Indian Navy in particular. Edited excerpts: supplier base makes it imperative S Hornet Block III was designed alongside for us to invest in, develop, and the USfighter Navy of tothe meetUS Navy, its themission Super requirements through the next decade nurture talent” and beyond. Indian Navy stands to gain from the multi-billion dollar investments Surendra Ahuja that have gone into the platform resulting Managing Director, Boeing Defense India C-17 Delivered to India in a most lethal and highly networked

The F/A-18 Super Hornet Block III will and the Indian Air Force have, or Navy, US Navy and industrial nents even for F/A-18 Super offernaval thefighter. Indian Navy several unique and are in the process of acquiring. partners from India and the US Hornet and creating an differentiated capabilities. Its single-seat This will further augment throughout the lifecycle of the aerospace and defence and the two-seat versions are carrier lethality of these platforms and aircraft. This will further develop ecosystem in India, including compatible. Recent demonstrations enhance India’s force projection advanced expertise in aircraft the active role it plays in conducted by Boeing and the US Navy capabilities. MRO in India, resulting in higher Make in India / Atmanirbhar proved that the F/A-18 Super Hornet can The Super Hornet availability of the aircraft. Bharat initiative. operate from a ‘ski jump’ ramp, validating automatically lends itself to Boeing has always the aircraft’s suitability for the Indian enhance maritime cooperation multi-role F/A-18 Super Hornet supported the Navy’s aircraft carriers. between the US Navy and Indian BlockWe’re III will confident offer unrivalled that the development of indigenous The two-seat variant (F/A-18 F) shares Navy in several areas of naval value to the Indian Navy, that aerospace and defence the same mission scope as a single seat aviation. The commonality and can be appreciated in the capabilities in India, and has (F/A-18 E) while allowing for carrier- current economic environment, through the years invested in Indian Navy will get as a result as it not only has a low partnerships with the Indian advanced missions from the carrier that ofinteroperability F/A-18 Super benefits Hornet thaton acquisition cost, but also costs aerospace ecosystem in capable training and the ability to fly Indian Navy carriers would be skilling, research & technology, Most importantly, carrier based naval unmatched. than any other tactical aircraft and manufacturing. Our aviationbenefit fromtechnologies a second related crew to on-board.manned- As part of Boeing’s “For India, inless the per US flightforces hour inventory. to operate growing partnership with the unmanned interface can also be effectively by India” aircraft sustainment country’s defence forces, operationalized with a two-seater carrier strategy, we are exploring the Please elucidate on airline customers and compatible version. possibilities of the Block III Boeing’s experience with expanding supplier base makes The aircraft can interface with P-8I and Super Hornets being serviced local manufacturers of it imperative for us to invest in, other US origin assets that the Indian Navy in partnership with the Indian aerostructures and compo- develop, and nurture talent.

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readiness and modernization Boeing has offered KC-46 customer and is scheduled to THE RECENT Apache Helicopter objectives. Our portfolio of as the best solution to DEVELOPMENTS products and services offer India’s long-pending need and With the IAF’s expeditionary IN INDIA’S unmatched operational requirement for air-to-air status,receive itsthe first air jetrefueler this year. of the SPACE ARENA capabilities across the entire refueling. What makes KC-46 type of KC-46 has already THAT ALLOW mission spectrum. different and with an edge become a necessity. The IAF THE PRIVATE In addition to our response to from other mid-air refuellers is enhancing its operational the Indian Navy’s (IN) MRCBF in fray? reach by enabling most of its SECTOR TO with the F/A-18 Block III As India expands its Air aircraft and helicopters for PARTICIPATE IN Super Hornet, there are several Force and increases its mid-air refueling. The most THIS SECTOR other opportunities we are defensive capabilities, the KC-46 reliable and economical tanker ARE POSITIVE. pursuing here in India. The US is the perfect choice for a multi- to operate, purpose-built, KC- WE LOOK Indian Air Force Chinook Government recently approved role tanker-transport aircraft. 46 will provide India with the FORWARD TO our license to market the F-15EX The brand-new KC-46 is combat capability IAF needs for PARTNERING to India. The F-15EX is a future- designed from the ground-up to sovereign operations and will WITH ISRO Our sourcing from India ready, multi-role solution in the be a combat-ready tanker. This also serve as an aircraft to move IN THEIR stands at US$1 billion a year form of unmatched payload, means that unlike other tankers, people and material. Pegasus ENDEAVOURS from over 250 suppliers who performance, and persistence is the best choice for today and RELATED TO THE are manufacturing critical by integrating leading edge covertly and with the ability to decades to come. HUMAN SPACE systems and components technologies, networks, protectit can operate itself. closer The to therecent fight, for some of Boeing’s most weapons and sensors. The contract award from the US Air Boeing has been a regular FLIGHT advanced products. Indian Air Force has information Force (USAF) for an additional participant in Aero India. For instance, SASMOS HET regarding F-15EX as per the 27 KC-46A Pegasus aircraft is a BOEING Kindly share your experience Technologies manufactures RFI released for the Multi testament to the versatility of from Aero India 2021 and the EXPLORES THE electrical panel assemblies for Role Fighter Aircraft (MRFA) the air-refueling platform by major take away from POSSIBILITIES the F/A-18 Super Hornet and program. We look forward Boeing which is enabling the US the event. OF BLOCK III F-15 Strike Eagle. Hindustan to working with IAF on their We designed our SUPER HORNETS Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) detailed requirements. refueling services to bombers, presence at this year’s BEING SERVICED manufactures F/A-18 gun bay In 2020, the Ministry of Air Force to provide in-flight Aero India by taking all IN PARTNERSHIP doors. They are only two of our Defence signed the contract for necessary precautions to safely WITH THE many supplier partners who the acquisition of an additional byfighters, the US airlifters, military. surveillance Recently, engage with our customers, INDIAN NAVY, manufacture components for six Apaches for the Indian Army. Japanaircraft, andbecame other aircraftthe KC-46flown suppliers and the media. We had US NAVY AND some of our advanced aircraft. We’re also having discussions a delegation of senior leadership INDUSTRIAL Tata Boeing Aerospace with IAF on their tanker program’s first international PARTNERS Limited (TBAL), Boeing’s joint requirements. venture with Tata Advanced We are seeing the growth of FROM INDIA Systems Limited, is an example our services business and with AND THE US of our strategic focus on Make F-15 Strike Eagle it, in the value Boeing is able to THROUGHOUT in India and makes fuselages provide through the lifecycle THE LIFECYCLE not just for the six Apaches support. We are working with OF THE that the Indian Army is on engineering involvement in Boeing considers India as the IAF and the IN to provide AIRCRAFT. THIS contract with Boeing for, but India. Through our skilling and a unique market like no high operational capability WILL FURTHER also hundreds of Apaches for up-skilling initiatives, we are other. Kindly provide insights and readiness for the P-8Is, the DEVELOP customers around the world, training aircraft maintenance into Boeing’s future plan and C-17s, and the Head of State ADVANCED including the US Army. engineers, technicians and long-term goal to further aircraft through sustainment EXPERTISE We are also working with frontline factory workers consolidate its dominant contracts, and the Chinooks and IN AIRCRAFT Indian companies to develop across India with our industry presence in India. Apaches through warranty. MRO IN INDIA, capabilities in the country partners like Tata, Rossell We want to bring the The recent developments in so they can perform aircraft Techsys, Jaivel and Lakshmi best of Boeing to India India’s space arena that allow RESULTING maintenance locally, including Machine Works. We are and the best of India to Boeing… the private sector to participate IN HIGHER heavy checks and supply of committed to India for the long and to the world! Boeing has in this sector are positive. We AVAILABILITY OF indigenous equipment. In term, and our vision is a robust, been working with India’s look forward to partnering with THE AIRCRAFT addition, we’re accelerating globally competitive aerospace defence forces for many years ISRO in their endeavours related P-8I our skill development and and defence ecosystem in India. supporting their mission-

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BOEING INDIA REPAIR DEVELOPMENT F/A-18 Super Hornet demonstrates the ability to operate from Indian Navy aircraft carriers during its AND SUSTAINMENT (BIRDS) HUB successful and safe launch from a ski-jump ramp The first-of-its-kind initiative turnaroundwill benefit times, customers and optimal with INITIATIVE IS AN IMPORTANT STEP IN OUR economicbest-in-class value, solutions, all available efficient in- COMMITMENT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF country. An important aspect of INDIA’S ATMANIRBHAR BHARAT VISION OF the hub is training programs to DEVELOPING INDIA AS AN MRO HUB increase skilled manpower by developing sub-tier suppliers automation in the process, and medium, small and micro enterprises (MSMEs) to build reduction in time taken for high quality MRO capabilities tasks,resulting and also in enhanced a significant quality in India. The focus on skill of output. Digital aviation efforts development and knowledge are helping airlines reduce fuel transfer programs will help consumption through route suppliers develop capabilities optimization, and make effective and gain experience across utilization of their crew. Digital Boeing platforms. engineering is being used to enhance the manufacturing Can you also provide an environment and provide value update on Boeing India’s to customers. Digital threading engineering work in India? is being used to create a digital Boeing believes in twin before manufacturing building indigenous aircraft systems, resulting in capabilities towards driving fewer manufacturing issues. innovation and contributing to the growth of the Indian product design, and enhances from the US at the show despite sustainment capabilities. projected to reach an set processes to develop similar Aerospace and Defense (A&D) manufacturability,This drives efficiency, optimizesmaking the pandemic. Aero India We announced a strategic approximate figure of $2.5 sustainment concepts for other industry. Teams in India the end-to-end supply chain provided us the opportunity to agreement with Air Works for billion by 2025? Do you aircraft. It means deploying the undertake high-quality, more digital. meet our customers to discuss the maintenance, repair and propose to offer any solutions best global expertise gleaned advanced aerospace work Boeing Research & their existing and future needs, overhaul (MRO) of two key on this front? Also, tell us about from the experience of operating spanning engineering design of Technology India has delivered and strengthen our commitment Boeing defence platforms in Boeing’s recently launched these aircraft in different structures and systems, commercially viable solutions to them. Our presence at the India, the P-8I operated by the BIRDS hub initiative. conditions, and to suit manufacturing support, for Airplane Health Management show also conformed to the Indian Navy (IN) and the VIP We’re seeing growth in different needs. developing systems to test our guidelines laid down by the the localization of MRO As part of shaping and aircraft, and providing digital Management (ATM). Its ATM Ministry of Defence and the Indian Air Force (IAF). We also services and training, and the strengthening our MRO and solutions to our airline experts(AHM) are and currently Air working Traffic State Government to ensure the announcedtransport fleet the operatedaddition by of the a value Boeing is able to provide services strategy for the country, customers. Cutting-edge R&D in with the Airports Authority safety of our team members and new production line at our joint through the lifecycle of its we recently launched the Boeing traditional and emerging areas of India to develop a roadmap visitors at the exhibit. venture, Tata Boeing Aerospace products. We continue to work India Repair Development such as next-generation airplane Aero India provided us an Limited (TBAL) in Hyderabad, with the Indian Air Force and and Sustainment (BIRDS) Hub health management, modernization in the country. opportunity to demonstrate Telangana, to manufacture the Indian Navy to provide initiative. BIRDS Hub is an in- environment-friendly coatings, Today,for air the traffic research management center is our commitment to India exceptional operational country network and alliance advanced networks and secure- and highlight our strategic for the 737 family of airplanes. capability and readiness to the of our suppliers and brings communication are areas where machine learning to improve investments in developing complexAero India vertical 2021 fin enabled structures us P-8Is, C-17s, and Head of State together ecosystem partners teams are leveraging new-age theusing quality artificial intelligenceof wide-body and India’s aerospace ecosystem. to continue our discussions on aircraft through local to shape India as a strategic technologies to replace airplanes that Boeing delivers. The show allowed us to India’s future aviation, defence, sustainment services as also destination for aerospace traditional approaches, Using Internet-of-Things (IoT) showcase our capabilities in and security requirements, as warranty services on Chinooks engineering, maintenance, enhancing safety and technologies, its engineers we leverage and develop in- and Apaches. Through the repair, skilling and sustainment productivity. vertical lift platforms, aerial country manufacturing and lessons learnt from supporting services. This is an important Boeing engineering design passenger experience during multi-role tankers, fighter unmanned aircraft, engineering skills. C-17s and P-8Is in India, coupled step in our commitment to teams are working with the airare travel. finding ways to improve systems, and commercial with Boeing’s in-depth the government of India’s So, as you can see, there’s lots platforms, in addition, to our The defence MRO market experience in sustaining aircraft Atmanirbhar Bharat vision of Intelligence and Machine that Boeing is doing in this space services, technologies, and local segment in India is worldwide, we’ve been able to developing India as an MRO hub. LearningR&D team methods to leverage to introduce Artificial as well.

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the weaker algorithm into appear to have been reached; keys and digital certificates an encryption product so Google has achieved and used in computational that the encryption was demonstrated quantum cryptography is a matter of defaulting to a fundamentally supremacy and IBM promises great concern. The effect would flawed encryption algorithm, a 1000-qubit quantum be to render communications which the NSA could subvert computer – a world changing as insecure as if they weren’t whenever they needed to. milestone – by 2023. encoded at all. Experts believe QUANTUM DOME The program had a random Cyber security experts are that with the astounding number generator, but there increasingly concerned about progress in building quantum were a number of fixed, nation-state sponsored cyber computers in the past 2-3 constant numbers built attacks, according to the 2020 years, the cryptography AN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGY TO into the algorithm that can CrowdStrike Global Security underpinning modern function as a kind of skeleton Attitude Survey, produced key. Anyone who knows the by independent research right numbers can decipher firm Vanson Bourne. Cyber CYBER SECURITY EXPERTS ARE INCREASINGLY the resulting cryptotext. security researchers and CONCERNED ABOUT NATION-STATE TACKLE CYBER ATTACKS Fast-forward to 2021. Now analysts are rightly worried SPONSORED CYBER ATTACKS...THESE we have supercomputers that a new type of computer, India has seen increasing number of cyber attacks on its such as Fugaku that has based on quantum physics ANALYSTS ARE RIGHTLY WORRIED THAT A NEW critical infrastructure in the last few years and some of these presumably at the hands of demonstrated a sustained rather than more standard TYPE OF COMPUTER, BASED ON QUANTUM attacks are suspected to be state sponsored. Given the Russian cyber warriors); the performance level of electronics, could break most PHYSICS RATHER THAN MORE STANDARD wipe-out of data centres by 442,010 teraflops per second modern cryptography. Also security scenario in the neighbourhood, India needs to be malware that overheats circuits; indicating the physical the pervasive weakness of ELECTRONICS, COULD BREAK MOST MODERN aware, cautious and proactive against the cyber warfare that the scrambling of bank records barriers of Moore’s Law randomness in encryption CRYPTOGRAPHY could be unleashed by its better--equipped adversary to cause financial panic (a 2013 attack froze three major South By SUNIL GUPTA Korean banks); interference with the safe operations of dams and nuclear plants; blinding of n 2011, Israel created a brilliant technology, the Iron Dome, to defend itself radar and targeting systems of from the short-range rocket attacks. This tech allowed Israel to detect and fighter jets or targeting critical prevent enemy attacks, which in turn protects the population and critical infrastructure sectors, including assets. The Iron Dome can detect, analyse and thwart a range of incoming energy, water and aviation. threats. The Iron Dome has three central components that contribute to its In one of the recently huge success in managing threats at an efficacy of 90 per cent: reported “The intelligence coup I of the century”, the spy agencies rigged the encrypting devices Detection Component: Detects by the British GCHQ and its of a company so they could the threats and evaluates the US equivalent, the National easily break the codes that nature of threats in real time Security Agency (NSA), which countries used to send encrypted Management & Control is largely gathering intelligence messages. Manipulating the Component: Helps manage the based on intercepted randomness of the encryption different aspects of battle and communications. Data or cyber key material where a system control mechanism war is the most consequential could be made to appear it was Action Component: The unit war being waged today. The producing endless streams of which takes action to neutralise term is applied to a cyber randomly generated characters, the threat in real time to ensure attack that has the backing of while in reality it would repeat that there is no damage one nation with the intent of itself at short enough intervals, In 2013, NSA contractor hurting another. is one of the most sought- Edward J. Snowden of the US A full-blown cyber warfare after backdoors in encryption made startling revelations that could mean: the complete products. shook the world. He revealed and prolonged shutdown of a In 2013, one of the top spy the extent of the surveillance power grid (something that agencies asked encryption activities being undertaken has struck Ukraine twice, company RSA to incorporate

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safe security products and solutions, but has also built DEFENCE MINISTER JOINS ‘VIVECHANA an ecosystem consisting of academia partners, technology partners, professional SESSIONS’, DISCUSSES WITH COMMANDERS services partners, vendors and suppliers to develop fully AT COMBINED COMMANDERS CONFERENCE indigenised products from concept to manufacturing. evadia, Gujarat. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh joined the A decade ago, Israel built Combined Commanders of the Armed Forces for the Vivechana an Iron Dome to protect itself Sessions at the ongoing Combined Commanders Conference from short-range rockets K 2021 at Kevadia in Gujarat on March 5. from classical warfare. But in the current time when cyber warfare is more relevant, India Delivering the inaugural relevant aspects with the should build a Quantum Dome address, the Defence Minister Combined Commanders. to protect its national security dwelled on a wide spectrum of The two Vivechana sessions and critical infrastructure issues affecting the defence and held during the day in the from any potential quantum security of the nation. He spoke presence of the Defence Minister IN A MISSION SUCCESS, LOCKHEED computer attacks. at length on the emerging nature deliberated over a wide range QNu Labs offers India a fully of military threats, the critical role of issues, some of them held MARTIN’S EXTENDED-RANGE GUIDED EXPERTS BELIEVE THAT WITH THE highlighted threats to the indigenised dome leveraging of the Armed Forces in meeting behind closed doors. These country’s security, time has its two fully indigenised these threats and the anticipated deliberations addressed the MULTIPLE LAUNCH ROCKET SYSTEM ASTOUNDING PROGRESS IN BUILDING come for India to seriously products – Quantum Random changes in the nature of warfare ongoing modernisation of Armed QUANTUM COMPUTERS IN THE PAST 2-3 and urgently embrace an Number Generator (Tropos) in future. Forces especially focusing on SOARS IN FLIGHT TEST YEARS, THE CRYPTOGRAPHY UNDERPINNING indigenous technology that and Quantum Key Distribution The Defence Minister expressed creation of integrated Theatre DALLAS. Lockheed Martin successfully tested its meets the following criteria: (Armos) – that meet the his heartfelt appreciation and Commands and infusion of next-generation Extended-Range Guided Multiple MODERN INTERNET COMMUNICATIONS l Protects its ICT infrastructure following criteria expected from respect to the selfless courage modern technology. Launch Rocket System (ER GMLRS) munition in AND E-COMMERCE WOULD SUCCUMB TO A l Full control and ownership such a defensive technology: displayed by the soldiers during Issues like morale and an 80-kilometer flight demonstration at White QUANTUM ATTACK IN THE NEAR FUTURE of hardware and software Detection Component: the Eastern Ladakh standoff motivation and promotion of Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. During the involved in it so that no Detects the eavesdropping with People’s Liberation Army spirit of innovation in the Armed flight test, the ER GMLRS round was fired from the manipulation of algorithms threats and evaluates the (PLA). Secretaries of Department Forces witnessed enthusiastic US Army’s High Mobility Artillery Rocket System internet communications and and program can be done nature of threat in real time of Defence, Defence Production, participation with useful feedback (HIMARS) launcher, built by Lockheed Martin, e-commerce would succumb by an outside party Management & Control Department of R&D and Financial and suggestions from the soldiers meeting test objectives. to a quantum attack in the l Future secure – unhackable Component: Carries out the Advisor Defence Services also and younger officers of the three The demonstration confirmed the missile’s near future. by upcoming scalable critical key management, shared their thoughts on various Services. flight trajectory performance, range and validated India has seen increasing quantum computers synchronisation and auto- interfaces with the HIMARS launcher and system number of attacks on its l All the components and tuning functions software performance. critical infrastructure in the assemblies used in the Action Component: Takes Lockheed Martin has produced more than last few years and some of product are from known action to neutralise the threat 50,000 GMLRS rounds and is under contract to these attacks are suspected and white-listed vendors in real time by stopping the produce more than 9,000 new GMLRS unitary to be state sponsored to steal l Manufacturing of the key generation process to and alternative-warhead rockets, more than IPs of Indian companies or to hardware is completely ensure that keys do not get in 1,800 low-cost reduced-range practice rockets create disruption in some of done in India to the hands of an adversary and integrated logistics support for the US the mission critical services. QNu Labs, a home-grown Tropos and Armos have Army and international customers. The systems Considering the growing R&D company has developed already been tested, field are produced at its Precision Fires Center of military tension and recent fully indigenised quantum trialed and under procurement Excellence in Camden, Arkansas. stand-off with one of the safe security products that and deployment by different For more than 40 years, Lockheed Martin has neighbours, India needs to be meet the above mentioned defense entities. Armos is also been the leading designer and manufacturer of aware, cautious and proactive criteria. It has spent over integrated with BEL equipment long-range, surface-to-surface precision strike against the cyber warfare Rs 30 crores in last four for automated real time transfer solutions, providing highly reliable, combat- that could be unleashed by its years to not only develop of encryption keys. proven systems like MLRS, HIMARS, ATACMS better equipped adversary. India’s first commercially –The writer is chief executive officer and GMLRS to domestic and international In light of the above ready and deployed quantum of QNu Labs customers.

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Managing Director, Kalyani Group, said, “This is beginning of a new era, filled with self- ‘CONCEPTUALISATION TO FRUITION IN TWO confidence, a marked step- change in technological expertise and a collective demonstration of capability to be the global YEARS’ TIME A REMARKABLE EVENT’ manufacturing hub for defence products. We are confident to complete the order far ahead of the stipulated time, and support KRAS CEO ON ROLL OUT OF MRSAM MISSILE KITS FOR the armed forces with the best- in-class missile kits. Apart from the missile kits, we will extend INDIAN ARMY AND INDIAN AIR FORCE our support in Maintenance and Repair Operations (MRO) as The rollout event marked KRAS’ commitment to deliver more than 1000 MRSAM ‘missile kits’ for in-service Air Defence Missile “When we the Indian Army and Air Force over the coming years. These missile sections will then be ‘forwarded’ System for the armed forces.” are creating to India’s state-run defence miniratna Bharat Dynamics for further and future integration Asked whether a planned defence Research & Development (R&D) ecosystem By PK GHOSH Centre will come up in the same and facility of KRAS, Bharat Forge Ltd leveraging (BFL) President and CEO Rajinder yderabad. “Today’s event is a very important event. Around one and half “For Medium Range Surface to Air Bhatia told Raksha Anirveda that our partners’ to two years back we secured order from Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Missile, Indian Army and Indian Air the work is on in this direction, capabilities, (RADS) for manufacturing subsystems for Medium Range Surface to Air Force are the main customers from and the JV between Rafael and this covers Missile (), which started bearing the fruits now,” said Kalyani Rafael whom we received the order for Kalyani Group, KRAS, is a high all gamut of Advanced Systems Pvt Ltd (KRAS) CEO Rudra B Jadeja. He was speaking in procurement of the same.” MRSAM technology company. Its R&D, activities – his introductory remarks addressing media persons at the Kalyani-Rafael is basically a Government-to- design and engineering will production, Joint Venture (JV) facility in Hyderabad on March 16 while announcing the Government (G-to-G) programme. altogether be a separate facility. integration, roll out of the first delivery of 1,000 MRSAM missile kits for the Indian Army From the Israeli side Israel Aerospace “More projects are coming development, H (IA) and Indian Air Force (IAF). The present roll-out is in consonance with Industries (IAI) is the Government up, and we have decided not supply chain, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of Make in India. representative and the Indian side only manufacturing the missile Answering on identification chain, services, etc.” services, etc” is represented by Defence Research subsystems but also of providing of 100 MSMEs with which Speaking on the occasion, Brig. and Development Organisation design, development and service Kalyani Group is planning to Gen. Pinhas Yungman (Res.), Head Rudra B Jadeja, (DRDO), which is also the custodian facilities as well. One such facility collaborate with, the KRAS CEO of Air and Missile Defense Systems CEO, KRAS of this programme. has already been established told Raksha Anirveda “When division of Rafael Advanced The two like-minded nations which was founded in 2015 and we are planning to collaborate Defense System said, “Because of India and Israel came together to the next year in 2016, it became with MSMEs, MSMEs will also Covid restrictions we asked KRAS ensure peace in the region and so operational,” Bhatia stated. grow with us. Capabilities will be to lead from the front to get the is the genesis of this programme. “We have also planned for put together to create a defence order and the result is here. We Kalyani Group and Rafael Advanced establishing six technological ecosystem. We also plan to are planning to bring maintenance Defense Systems entered into an centres with 35-40 engineers in integrate six section of missiles. (MRO) service by 2021.” agreement to make a JV Kalyani an R&D centre, and any increase But this all will depend on order “KRAS is planning to bring Rafael Advanced Systems Pvt Ltd in numbers and expansion of and environment support. We more and more capabilities to (KRAS) to manufacture missile facility will depend on orders,” are also in talks with Telangana design and production table, and subsystems. he observed. Government.” has planned for investment in “I must say that we found a “Our R&D work will mainly On creating integrated defence Indian markets and of exports good partner in Rafael. The Israeli focus on RF and Microwave ecosystem, he said, “When we too.” KRAS is a strategic business company stood by us when we Engineering, but all these are are creating defence ecosystem asset and it is to bring business together started exploring the very small steps as of now. As far and leveraging our partners’ from all around the world not Indian market and customers for as R&D work is concerned, it is capabilities, this covers all only Israel, Brig Gen Yungman (L to R) Brig. Gen. Pinhas Yungman (Res.), Rudra B Jadeja and Rajinder Bhatia in a group photo with model the MRSAM here,” Jadeja noted. totally in control of Kalyani Group gamut of activities – production, observed. of MRSAM missile subsystem Baba Kalyani, Chairman and as of now.” integration, development, supply “We have been a reliable

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ISRAELI ARROW-4 BALLISTIC MISSILES IN SUCCESSFUL DEMONSTRATION DRDO CONDUCTS FLIGHT TEST INTERCEPTOR TO HAVE CONTROL WINGLETS TO BASED ON SFDR TECHNOLOGY New Delhi. Defence Research and BE CAPABLE AGAINST HYPERSONIC MISSILES Development Organisation (DRDO) on March 5 successfully carried out flight demonstration based on Solid Fuel Ducted Ramjet (SFDR) technology from Integrated Test Range Chandipur off the Coast of Odisha at around 1030 hours. All the subsystems including the booster motor and nozzle-less motor performed as expected. During the test many new technologies were proven including Solid Fuel based Ducted Ramjet technology. Successful demonstration of Solid Fuel based Ducted Ramjet technology has provided DRDO with a technological advantage which will enable the Organisation to develop long range air to air missiles. At present, such technology “We have been a partner to the kits’ for the Indian Army and Air Rajinder Bhatia. is available only with a handful of countries reliable partner for almost three decades, and Force over the coming years. KRAS is India’s pioneering in the world. During the test, air launch to the Indian these missile kits are a testimony These missile sections will then private sector MSME with el Aviv. Israeli Arrow-4 systems, developed and produced by IAI scenario was simulated using a booster armed forces of our commitment to ‘Make in be ‘forwarded’ to India’s state- advanced manufacturing ballistic missiles subsidiary, Elta. motor. Subsequently, the nozzle-less for almost three India’ cause. We are confident run defence miniratna Bharat capabilities and facilities interceptor will have It also includes a BMC system booster accelerated it to the required decades, and KRAS will not only build products Dynamics Limited (BDL) for dedicated to especially address control winglets to make it developed by Elbit Systems, and a Mach number for Ramjet operation. these missile for the Indian armed forces but further and future integration. the Assembly, Integration and capable against hypersonic Launch Array including interceptors The performance of the missile was kits are a will, at the same time, trigger and Also, the event designated the Testing (AIT) of state-of the-art T missiles. produced by MLM, another subsidiary monitored using the data captured by testimony of our help achieve Indian Government’s beginning of the journey of an weapon system being inducted An expert who talked of IAI. commitment to Electro Optical, Radar and Telemetry ‘Make in India’ vision of exports from India.” Indian Micro, Small and Medium by the defence forces. with Raksha Anirveda Defense industries Rafael and Tomer instruments deployed by ITR and cause. We are Replying to a question, Bhatia Enterprise (MSME), which is Parallel with manufacturing, said that Israel needs to plan its missiles are also involved in the development confirmed successful demonstration confident KRAS said, “KRAS wants to expand the committed not only to the Make KRAS is maturing to address MRO defense capabilities for many years and production of the Arrow interceptor. of the mission objectives. The launch will not only facility whether it is production, in India concept, but taking its operations too, that of a major in- to come. “At this point there is no Arrow-2 is operational since the year was monitored by senior scientists of build products MRO, R&D but a lot more will own stride towards the larger service Air Defence Missile System hypersonic missile threat on Israel but 2000, providing endo-exoatmospheric various DRDO labs including DRDL, for the Indian depend upon if the customers ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ idea (self- for the Indian Air Force. As part of when you design such an advanced defense. RCI, and HEMRL. Dr G Satheesh Reddy, armed forces coming back to us.” reliance) as well. In this effort its Make in India efforts, KRAS has interceptor, this capability should be Arrow-3, an exoatmospheric missile Secretary DD R&D & Chairman DRDO but will, at the The KRAS CEO informed the company has fused Rafael’s also expanded its scope to include included as some countries develop such defense system, was delivered for congratulated the team involved in the same time, that as of now the current state-of the-art technology with development of Advanced Defence missiles and in the Middle East you must operational use in 2017. It serves as the successful flight test. trigger and help roll out of missile subsystems the engineering excellence of the Systems and Remotely-Controlled expect the unexpected.” upper layer of Israel’s multi-tier missile achieve Indian manufacturing is 100 per cent Kalyani Group. Weapon System. As reported by , defense array. Government’s Raksha Anirveda vision of exports for Indian Army and Indian Air The event was attended by The Joint Venture, thus, is Israel and the US have begun the Over the past few years, both of from India” Force (IAF). If everything settles dignitaries from the Ministry of a testament to the enhanced development of the Arrow-4 ballistic the interceptors were upgraded, and on Covid front, there will be more Defence (MoD), Indian Army, and deep cooperation between missile interceptor. The design is aimed demonstrated excellent capabilities Brig. Gen. Pinhas scope of work. As of now, only 20- Indian Air Force, DRDO, BDL, and Israel and India in the strategic at dealing with new threats posed during successful tests held in Israel and Yungman (Res.), 30 per cent indigenous content is the Israeli delegation including defence sector space, as coming mainly by the Iranian long range ballistic Alaska, US. Head of Air and Missile there in Rafael-designed kits. Brig General Pini Yungman and together it leverages and conflates missiles. Iran has developed a range of long- Defense Systems The rollout event marked also by representatives from the the technology of Rafael and The Arrow Weapon System is a major range ballistic missiles. Some are based division of Rafael KRAS’ commitment to deliver IAI, Israel. The Kalyani delegation engineering strength of the element of Israel’s multi-layered missile on liquid fuel while others are powered more than 1000 MRSAM ‘missile was led by BFL President and CEO Kalyani Group. defense array. It includes advanced radar by solid fuel.

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while India could join at the later reconstruction stage. All this gave rise to speculation on the viability of the India- Russia partnership in view of Moscow’s changing geo- strategic dynamics. Things look in different perspectives from INDIA-RUSSIA the top of Borovitsky Hill (the Kremlin) than from Raisina Hill (South Block). This is where the strategic partnership mechanism RELATIONS UNDER STRESS? is instrumental in dovetailing different perspectives having Speculation has been rife on the viability of the India-Russia partnership in view of Moscow’s direct bearing on the vital interests of the two countries. changing geo-strategic dynamics. But the upcoming bilateral summit and President Putin’s The two-day visit of Foreign India visit could recalibrate and solidify further this enduring partnership Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla in February, his first foreign By VINAY SHUKLA Also, while the new Biden trip this year after relaxation in administration invited India COVID-19 restrictions, was aimed Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov (L) and India’s Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla shake hands to join the Afghanistan talks in precisely at putting an end to during a meeting at the Reception House he cancellation of the annual bilateral summit in 2020 has led to the Istanbul under UN aegis, Russia these speculations. Moscow was Indian Ambassador to Russia ACCORDING TO SOURCES, FOREIGN widely prevalent view that India-Russia relations are under stress did not invite New Delhi to eager to hear about India’s vision DB Venkatesh Varma described SECRETARY SHRINGLA HAD VERY and New Delhi must look at Washington to secure its vital interests. the Moscow-sponsored talks of the Indo-Pacific where the two relations with Moscow as “rock SUBSTANTIVE AND DETAILED TALKS Although the Covid-9 pandemic is blamed for the cancellation of involving the US, China, Pakistan countries have openly voiced solid and diverse” and that the President Vladimir Putin’s scheduled India visit last year, many parallel and the warring Afghan sides differences of opinion, and in this FS will set the agenda for the WITH HIS COUNTERPART, DEPUTY developments deepened the impression of a withering trust among the including the Taliban. Russians context Shringla meeting with bilateral interaction in 2021, FOREIGN MINISTER IGOR MORGULOV, “privileged” strategic partners over a plethora of issues. Like India’s argued that the Moscow talks Russian Foreign Minister Sergei including visit of President Putin ON A WHOLE RANGE OF ISSUES AND pro-US tilt in the backdrop of the border stand-off with an assertive involved parties having some Lavrov was significant. Mr Lavrov to India at the invitation of Prime AGREED TO FURTHER STRENGTHEN China; the growing proximity of Moscow and Beijing under Western channels of communications rarely entertains foreign secretary- Minister Narendra Modi for the BILATERAL MULTIFACETED sanctions; or the virtual summit of the leaders of India, US, Australia and with both conflicting parties level officials visiting Moscow. annual summit, which could COOPERATION T Japan in the Quad format to manage the Indo-Pacific to counter China. in Afghanistan – the Kabul “India-Russia relationship not be held on schedule last government and the Taliban — is very close, very special, very year due to Covid-19 pandemic. declared that after three weeks he privileged, and strategic,” Foreign Meanwhile, President Putin, who is going to have the second dose Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Minister Lavrov assured Shringla. had the first shot of the Sputnik of the vaccine and three weeks Russian President Vladimir Putin Prior to Shringla’s visit, V vaccine on March 23, himself later on developing immunity will extend the geography of his foreign visits. According to sources, Shringla had very substantive and detailed talks with his counterpart, Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Morgulov, on a whole range of issues and agreed to further strengthen bilateral multifaceted cooperation. As COVID-19 anxiety slowly subsides due to mass- vaccinations underway in Russia and India, the two sides are considering a series of high- profile visits to India of Duma Speaker Viacheslav Volodin,

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The two countries are planning the Damoclean sword over New Delhi in exchange for a India- Russian companies are preparing HOWEVER, to sign several key agreements India-Russia arms trade. The US specific waiver. Although, in the to set up shop in India for making during the upcoming summit, Defence Secretary said the issue backdrop of a 33% reduction in critical defence spares through IT IS MOST including a mutual investment of imposing secondary sanctions India’s arms import in 2011-15 technology transfer. LIKELY THAT protection treaty. But no mention against India was not discussed and 2016-20, a SIPRI report noted The head of the Kremlin-linked WASHINGTON is being made of defence related during his New Delhi talks as that in 2016-20 Russian share in Russian International Affairs WILL USE agreements for obvious reasons, the actual delivery of S-400 has arms exports to India also dropped Council, Dr Andrei Kortunov, CAATSA AS A except for the commitment of not taken place, unlike in the and stood at 49% as compared to and the editor-in-chief of “Russia BARGAINING Russia to commence timely case of China and Turkey, who up to 80% in the heydays. in Global Affairs” magazine, deliveries of the five S-400 Triumf were sanctioned after receiving India is withholding many big Fyodor Lukyanov, believe that TOOL TO air defence missile systems under deliveries of the A2AD (anti ticket arms deals with Russia, so Moscow balancing its relations SELL MORE a $5.5 billion deal, starting later access/area denial) weapons. as not to irk Washington. At the with India and China would be EXPENSIVE this year. India is very much Experts in Moscow claim that same time Russia still remains “counterproductive”. ARMS AND on the US watch list for this the S-400 can detect and destroy the source of critical strategic They called for “parallel” SYSTEMS TO deal, as indicated by US Defence the much-hyped American F-35 assets like lease of nuclear development of bilateral ties with NEW DELHI Secretary Lloyd Justin during his stealth fighters within 400 submarines and some specific New Delhi and Beijing. A similar recent India visit. km range. The proliferation technology that the US does not message on India’s policy towards IN EXCHANGE The US Countering America’s of the S-400 missile systems share even with its NATO allies. Moscow and Washington was FOR A S-400 Air Defence System Adversaries Through Sanction in sensitive areas is the main Russia is also gradually readying conveyed by Foreign Secretary INDIA- Act, in short known as CAATSA, concern for the US. to embrace the “Make in India” Shringla during his meetings in SPECIFIC to punish Russia for alleged However, it is most likely that philosophy. Under an inter- the Russian capital in February. WAIVER Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu governmental joint commission, meddling in the presidential polls Washington will use CAATSA as governmental agreement signed and Deputy Prime Minister to pave the ground for the summit leading to the victory of Donald a bargaining tool to sell more in 2019 during Prime Minister - The writer is a Moscow-based Yuri Borisov, co-chair of inter- that was postponed last year. Trump in 2016, is hanging like expensive arms and systems to Modi’s Vladivostok visit, many independent analyst. Views are personal. INDIA, RUSSIA FOREIGN MINISTERS DISCUSS TWO NATIONS’ UPCOMING ANNUAL SUMMIT By SRI KRISHNA society and decisions on the settlement in pointed out at the Shangri-La Dialogue some rapidly expanding energy cooperation as well Afghanistan should foresee the participation years ago, contemporary challenges require as views were exchanged on regional and ew Delhi. Foreign Ministers of India of all political, ethnic and religious groups in countries to work together in new and global matters. Such cooperation also reflects and Russia discussed the modalities Afghanistan, otherwise it won't be durable," different ways," Jaishankar said. the multi-polar and re-balanced character of Nfor the upcoming annual summit of Lavrov said. "And this settlement should "By the way, we have heard speculation global politics, Jaishankar said. leaders of the two nations. Even the issues like reflect a balance of interests of all political, about pro-military alliances not only with India is strongly committed to ASEAN pending delivery of Moscow's controversial ethnic and religious groups, including their respect to Russia and China relations, centrality and this is outlined by the Indo- S-400 weapons system to India did not figure representation in governing structures." we have also heard about such alliances Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) that it has out, however, both the Ministers vowed to In a statement which is welcome news allegedly being promoted such as Middle been advocating at the East Asia Summit deepen military-technical cooperation (MTC). to India and yet another step towards East-NATO, Asia-NATO. Today we exchanged (EAS), he said. “As we implement our Act East "We reiterated our commitment to military- strengthening Indo-Russian ties, Russia ruled views on this and our Indian friends have the and Beyond policy, Russia is a very important technical cooperation," Russian foreign out any military alliance with China, with same position as we. We believe that this is partner,” Jaishankar added. The India and minister Sergey Lavrov said after discussions Lavrov saying that Moscow supply of military counter-productive," he said in Russian. Russia annual summit was postponed last with his Indian counterpart S Jaishankar. equipment will continue. "We are interested in inclusive cooperation year because of the COVID-19 pandemic. "We have an intergovernmental India is set to clear the Russia-made US is pushing Afghanistan President Ashraf While Lavrov did not answer questions that is for something, not against somebody," Both the countries have a mechanism commission (IGC) on military-technical Sputnik V Coronavirus vaccine for emergency Ghani and the Taliban to reach a peace deal so about India buying additional regiments of Lavrov asserted. Defence cooperation as under which India's Prime Minister and the cooperation. It has its plans, and this includes use, which will make available a third vaccine it can withdraw the remaining 2,500 American the S-400 air-defence system, he said military well as weapons manufacturing was also Russian President hold a summit meeting discussion of additional manufacturing of option for the country, as the country battles forces from the war-torn country, and amid ties were deepening and he respected India's discussed during the talks, he said. annually to review the entire gamut of ties. Russian military equipment on Indian territory." a steep resurgence of Covid-19 infections. To strained relations between Washington and decision to diversify the purchase of military At the joint presser after the talks, So far, 20 annual summit meetings have taken Jaishankar said the S-400s would be be manufactured by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Moscow. Despite the tensions, Russia has weapons from other countries, a reference Jaishankar said the discussions were warm, place alternately in India and Russia. discussed at a meeting of defence ministers Ltd., Sputnik V is a two-dose vaccine which publicly backed the US proposal for an interim to the United States and France. He said comprehensive and productive. "We talked Russia has been a time-tested partner for later in the year. The two sides also discussed needs to be stored in liquid form at or below government of national unity bringing together Russia was reassured that there was no plan about long-standing partnership in nuclear, India and the country has been a key pillar of vaccine cooperation and an expected visit -18 degree Celsius. the Taliban and Afghan leaders. for an Asian NATO. "I shared our viewpoint space and defence sectors.” New Delhi's foreign policy. to India of Russian President Vladimir Putin. The meeting comes at a time when the "The Taliban movement is part of Afghan on the Indo-Pacific. As our Prime Minister He said the discussions also covered the –The writer is Consulting Editor with the publication

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5. Very high probability of intercept and very low false alarm rate 6. Limited interference with friendly use of air-space and spectrum. 7. Complete solution available based on in-house-products with no third-party interdependency.

HENSOLDT’S XPELLER BUSINESS: Are there any successful stories? What is the most recent one that is worth A LOOK BACK AT SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH mentioning? The recent deployment of Xpeller AND PLANS FOR INDIAN MARKET during the Dutch Day of Remembrance in Amsterdam in May 2020 marks the HENSOLDT’s Xpeller counter-UAV system provides protection from the ever-increasing threat posed successful introduction of Xpeller as a by over-the-counter drones, both in the military and the civilian sector service. The system selected in this case onitoring the airspace is an adding radio detectors and countermeasures Xpeller is a highly efficient, consisted of two SMS-D, made up of a important task. Even more so when to some of its existing and proven technologies modular and scalable counter UAV Spexer 360 radar, daylight and thermal dangers are becoming smaller and for monitoring airspace using radar and system designed for civil and military cameras, in addition to one Spexer 500, smaller. The use and circulation cameras. This system can locate and classify domains. The system allows for two Skyscan 7x and one jammer. On M of small drones has increased even small hobby drones at a range of several a combination of radar, electro- location these various sensors were set substantially over recent years and kilometres. optical and RF signals, all integrated up on two buildings approximately one Xpeller is a highly efficient, modular and scalable counter months. While some regulatory frameworks HENSOLDT technology enables sensitive in operational software for an kilometre apart to ensure the best radar UAV system designed for civil and military domains. The exist, their implementation has proved difficult sites, like airports, sports stadiums or optimized detection of unauthorized and DF coverage. Coverage maps options system allows for a combination of radar, electro-optical in practice. Airports especially are high-risk industrial operations, to match solutions to drone threats. The resulting signal in the CxEye software allow operators to and RF signals, all integrated in operational software for an areas, as a collision between drones and their exact requirements, whilst avoiding the domination allows an optimized optimize sensor placement quickly and airplanes – whether intentional or not – may risks associated with a hard kill. usage of countermeasures such as efficiently. Using a communications link optimized detection of unauthorized drone threats result in accidents and even deadly crashes. High-resolution cameras make it easier to intercepting signals to defeat the to join the different locations, Xpeller Added to that the risk of drones employed as determine whether there is a serious threat. drone threat successfully. provided a common operating picture with a number of locations and was able to security situations. There have been weapons by dropping explosives, biological If so, the threat can then be countered by fused radar, camera and DF information, identify a variety of UAVs, including small several instances related to drone threats or chemical substances, it becomes clear choosing appropriate countermeasures. What differentiates HENSOLDT while a live-stream of the operating recreational models, from a distance of in civil and military areas. that airports and other critical infrastructures The Xpeller approach towards countering Xpeller from the rest of the brands picture was provided into the police several kilometres away. We are also cognizant of India’s must be continuously monitored, secured and the UAV threat is based on a multi sensor/ in the market? headquarters. Among our most recent successes is uncompromising focus on Military self- have access to means of intervention in cases effector layer and a three-step workflow: The counter-UAV solution market The request had been made by the supporting the German Armed Forces in reliance through its “Make in India” where drones enter their airspace. has been consistently growing with National Police as part of a task force the protection of their forward operating policy. Our proposed approach is to 1. Detect the potential threat with the best increasing in threats due to terrorism including the Royal Netherlands Air bases in their operational areas. offer our complete Xpeller solution Can you please share with us some more possible probability of detection. and illicit activities across the world Force and Army, only three weeks Here, the Xpeller modules are used as framework to Indian customers. information about HENSOLDT’s Xpeller 2. Identify the potential threat as an actual and rising incidences of security before the event. HENSOLDT’s Xpeller part of container-based drone defence Through a joint development we System? threat with the least possible false breaches by unidentified drones. team responded with resources from systems within the GUARDION overall could realize an indigenous counter- The name Xpeller is derived from the idea alarm rate. There are been numerous players Germany, South Africa, the UK and the system of ESG Elektroniksystem- und UAV solution in the most practical of expelling an intruder. HENSOLDT has 3. Act on the threat by raising alarms, or in the market acting locally and Netherlands. Because of COVID 19 Logistik-GmbH and its partners for a and incremental way, for example developed a powerful modular system by engaging the threat with a counter measure. globally offering variety of solutions. restrictions, the equipment was shipped total of five drone defence systems. The in supporting Indian capabilities like from different locations and set up the Spexer2000 3D radar is characterized sensors or third party Hard Kill effectors The key differentiating factors for day ahead of the event with remote by outstanding detection capabilities, with selected Xpeller modules. “WE ARE ALSO COGNIZANT OF INDIA’S UNCOMPROMISING FOCUS HENSOLDT solution are: support from all of the entities involved. especially against asymmetric threats. Currently, we are working on a few ON MILITARY SELF-RELIANCE THROUGH ITS “MAKE IN INDIA” 1. Mature and already in-service The successful deployment was closely The Z:NightOwl M camera was specially projects in India with multiple government 2. Scalable and modular solution monitored by representatives of the developed for high ranges. With it, we agencies and successfully concluded POLICY. OUR PROPOSED APPROACH IS TO OFFER OUR COMPLETE framework catering to different authorities involved. support drone defence against so-called field trials. We have been able to achieve XPELLER SOLUTION FRAMEWORK TO INDIAN CUSTOMERS. needs of customers Besides this, HENSOLDT also Class I drones, that is, unmanned aircraft a jamming range of up to 10.4 kilometres THROUGH A JOINT DEVELOPMENT WE COULD REALIZE AN 3. Man portable, vehicle mounted and demonstrated its Xpeller counter-UAV weighing up to 25 kg. for small drones. Our talks with Indian fixed installations system in 2018 at the Airbus airfield in stakeholders are at mature level and Xpeller INDIGENOUS COUNTER-UAV SOLUTION IN THE MOST PRACTICAL 4. Catalogue of sensors and effectors Hamburg. During the demonstration, What are your plans for India Market? system for trials to Indian customers will be AND INCREMENTAL WAY” to pick and chose Xpeller detected UAVs approaching from India is a vast country with challenging in the field by July 2021.

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“BECAUSE Tank painted good OF OUR IN- HOUSE R&D HSTPL: ANOTHER ‘MR INDIA’ IN THE MAKING, PROGRAMME AND DEVELOPMENT A COMPANY OF PERFECT STEALTH SIGNATURE OF THIS UNIQUE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION WITHIN THE MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS COUNTRY, HSTPL BEING A Hyper Stealth Technologies has been evolved as a unique signature management STARTUP HAS solutions providing company of the country as the start up claims, and the uniqueness MARKED ITS of the solutions it provides is that it is adaptive in nature NICHE, AND THEREFORE By PK GHOSH have been receiving lucrative WAS offers from various defence R&D RECOGNISED ew Delhi. “HSTPL is providing a variety of signature management solutions organisations in India and abroad and adaptive coating is one of them. Adaptive in the sense, the coating is to work with them. But our intent is AND RECEIVED so uniquely developed that it immediately adopts the signatures of the of taking the country’s research and ‘IDEX INDIA surroundings it comes in contact with.” says Manish Dalmmia, Hyper Stealth development in the field of stealth OPEN Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (HSTPL) Managing Director and CEO. and camouflage on par with the CHALLENGE N world independently,” the HSTPL AWARD’ IN MD said. Sniper suit Thermal Signatures-sniper suit THIS YEAR’S this unique technological solution “Our motto is to provide all AERO INDIA within the country, HSTPL being the stealth technology solutions “We deal in Multi- saying that it is indeed a good AT THE HANDS a startup has marked its niche, to the Indian Armed Forces first. spectral Camouflage initiative taken recently which will OF DEFENCE and therefore was recognised and Why giving others, why not our Nets, Adaptive Sniper help boost the MSME and startup MINISTER received ‘iDEX India Open Challenge own forces first,” observes Manish Suits,Sniper Tents, sector in defence and aerospace in RAJNATH Award’ in this year’s Aero India Dalmmia, who is laced with Anti-Thermal/Anti- the country. SINGH, at the hands of Defence Minister patriotic fervour. IR Coatings and “We are for patriotism and an Rajnath Singh, Defence Secretary Citing a discussion during the Radar Absorbing element of Indianness, we simply DEFENCE Dr Ajay Kumar and others,”HSTPL “Startup Manthan” programme on Material(for UAVs and want hand holding by the users SECRETARY DR CEO observed. thesidelines of Aero India 2021 Jet Fighters, Stealth that is Indian Defence Forces, AJAY KUMAR “Very few countries like Israel and in Bengaluru, he said he heard Ships) and other and it will indeed be a morale AND OTHERS” US have such technology,and even Defence Minister Rajnath Singh such solutions under boosting once we start receiving may not...... advanced solutions what talking to Chief of Defence Staff stealth signature the orders.” HSTPL has, and we provide Signature (CDS) General Bipin Rawat and his of proficiency in developing, management. Besides winning the Without delving into the Management solutions too and the ministry officials saying that the designing and manufacturing Innovation for Defence Excellence details, he said, “Our signature uniqueness of the solution is that startups are doing well, therefore advanced Stealth Solutions for (iDEX) startup challenge award managementsolutions have it is adaptive in nature,” Dalmmia the grant the ministry is giving Defence Industry,” said Vedanssh for ‘Adaptive Stealth Coating recently been used, and said, adding that these solutions are should be increased. Dalmia, Director,Marketing, Solutions,’ we also have received is proved up to the mark in Sniper suit multispectral and a force multiplier “With the employment HSTPL. Certification from National delivering the results. Our for the Indian Armed Forces. of indigenous technology and “Taking inspiration from Prime Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), specialised stealth solutions “Apart from various solutions for “For the last five to six years, deployment of engineers from Minister Narendra Modi’s clarion Bengaluru,” he said, noting “Our provide unsurpassed protection our Indian Army jawans, we have since the time we have started various streams, our company call of ‘Make in India’ and now product and solutions are tested against advance tracing devices.” stealth coating solutions which our product development, we is striving to achieve high level ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ we have under stringent specifications of HSTPL’s fundamental principle can be used for Indian UAV, UGV, started and been working on the military camouflage requirement.” is to achieve ‘Perfect Signature Armoured Vehicles, Navy stealth GOVERNMENT’S ANNOUNCEMENT OF GIVING ALL FUTURE CONTRACTS journey to develop these advanced On Government’s initiative Management’ so that assets are frigates & Stealth aircraft.” BELOW RS 200 CRORES TO BE GIVEN TO INDIAN COMPANIES IS INDEED A solutions which is absolutely Made in that all future contracts below Rs unidentifiable by all modern “Because of our in-house R&D GOOD INITIATIVE TAKEN RECENTLY WHICH WILL HELP BOOST THE MSME India and 100 per cent indigenous,” 200 crores to be given to Indian surveillance and identification programme and development of AND STARTUP SECTOR IN DEFENCE AND AEROSPACE OF THE COUNTRY the HSTPL MD observed. companies, he complimented systems, Dalmmia noted.

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pilot has a bird’s eye view of the sky, and direct, context-sensitive interaction with mission critical information via different visual configurations and video LARGE AREA DISPLAYS FOR interfaces, all of which the MFD 4820 provides. The MFD-4820 LAD is also designed for easy maintainability and the ability to display and use moving maps and related THE MODERN FIGHTER technologies. The large surface area improves the pilot’s The MFD 4820 LAD can be installed on a wide range of platforms and is highly customizable situational awareness to increase to new aircraft or existing retrofits by minimizing modifications required the amount of information MFD-4820 Large Area Display available to them. The LAD can be installed on By SUNIL RAINA workload that can be utilized for and comes with optimised touch a wide range of platforms and other tactical tasks. activation force that prevents is highly customizable to new he Cockpit Revolution: Technology has It is therefore no surprise unintended interactions with aircraft or existing retrofits never been more significant in our lives; that large area displays (LAD) the screen. It enables maximum by minimizing modifications it has elevated sensory experiences, for fighters have been gaining flexibility of content and visual required. Designed with an open changed the way we communicate, traction. Significant leaps in configurations on display architecture in mind, it should be introduced automation and reduced computer processing have information for the pilot, who relatively easy for the MFD 4820 T cognitive workloads for the better. enabled more flexibility of flight can navigate using single touch to be incorporated into existing From everyday consumer technology information to display for fighter and multi-touch capabilities. or future Indian platforms. In to as far as outer space – the Digital Revolution pilots. US fighters were the first Another key element is addition, the ruggedness and has transformed many facets of our daily lives. to implement a panoramic the incorporation of tactical lightweight design of the LAD The same goes for aviation, where in the past five cockpit display unit; a large synthetic vision, where a separate helps it handle prone damages decades we have witnessed the cockpit evolution area touchscreen display that application, driven from a remote (both internal and external) from analog displays to computer-type screens integrates and displays mission processing unit, shows the video during intense g-forces or (CRT), and to the current liquid crystal displays sensitive information on a single up to the display unit itself. turbulences during flight. (LCD) that enable dynamic display capabilities. screen. It has now been widely Functionally independent left and Aligning to India’s Strategic accepted and used in current right halves of the display unit Autonomy: The development of generation fighters. allows screen redundancy, where India’s fighters is a resounding The driving force behind cockpit advancements Providers of large area the failure of a comment on one success and reinforces India’s is largely ergonomics, which is optimising product displays are unanimous on side will not affect the other side goal of self-reliance. This is design for effective human use. Pilots are the hygiene factors — they have to be of the display, thereby enhancing a turning point for India as gatekeepers of the aircraft, and the last line of intuitive for usability and enable operational usage and safety. it demonstrates how its local defence in any emergency. As such, the goal is to the ergonomic presentation of Other highlights include capabilities can meet its enable maximum access to critical information critical information to the pilot. compatibility with night vision defence needs, and strengthen without compromising the pilot’s concentration. Other important features for goggles, and clear visibility India’s autonomy through the This is where improvements in human-machine consideration include redundant in strong or ambient light rise of local MRO providers interface (HMI) in the cockpit such as touchscreens design architecture and resistive environments. Its rugged, of components, parts and are necessary for operating a highly complex touch capabilities to prevent lightweight design makes it technology. In addition, strategic machine with lesser cognitive workload. unintended interactions in case highly appropriate for use in collaborations with private The Rise of Large Area Displays: Research on of turbulence. multiple aircraft types; fighters, companies and technology the dynamics of HMI with touchscreen displays The Collins MFD 4820: transporters, tankers and rotary providers will help accelerate demonstrates significant yields in decision-making, Collins Aerospace unveiled the wing platforms. India’s ambitions to be fully self- information and cognitive processing. These studies MFD 4820 LAD, an 8” by 20” What does it mean for the reliant and contribute towards also revealed touch as an intuitive and efficient way monolithic screen display, at the modern fighter?: Jet fighters building the local workforce. to interact with displays. With higher performance of 2019 Dubai Air show. Its wide, were created for air combat and - The writer is Managing Director, information perception and processing, it augments resistive multi-touch surface is offensive air support, and hence Customer & Account Management, situational awareness and lessens cognitive compatible with flight gloves, it is even more pertinent that the Collins Aerospace

62 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 63 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA MUSINGS FROM ISRAEL www.raksha-anirveda.com MULTI-LAYERED DEFENSE SYSTEMS OF BALLISTIC MISSILES, ROCKET SYSTEMS: ISRAEL’S SAFEGUARD AGAINST IRAN, HEZBOLLAH ATTACKS New threats are emerging in the region and that brought Israel and the US to recently launch a program aimed at developing the Arrow-4 interceptor. The design is aimed at dealing with new threats posed mainly by Raytheon is the developer of the mobile transporter-erector-launcher (TEL) system of the Iranian long range ballistic missiles David’s Sling interception capabilities, and demonstrated excellent By ARIE EGOZI ensuring the security of the State capabilities during successful of Israel. tests held in Israel and Alaska. srael is continuing the upgrade of its multi layered ballistic missiles and had a few seconds. The Israeli Jacob Galifat, General Manager Iran has developed a variety rockets protection system. Some of the efforts are made clear to the public interceptor hit the Syrian missile of Israel aerospace industries of long-range ballistic missiles. while others are classified. The main ballistic missiles threat is posed by armed with a 200 kg warhead. It (IAI), MLM division said that Some are based on liquid fuel Iran that has developed a long line of long-range ballistic missiles. The other exploded over Jordan. the new version will be the while others are powered by threat is posed by Hezbollah terror organization in Lebanon that is fully This was the first operational most advanced-of-its-kind in the solid fuel. controlled by Iran. At 2.40 AM on March 17, 2017, the officer in front of intercept by an Arrow- 2 anti- world and will provide a new One example is the David’s Sling during launch the radar display of an Israeli air force (IAF) Arrow-2 anti-ballistic missile ballistic missile. layer of defense to the State of Khorramshahr that has a battery saw suspicious blips on the screen in front of him. But new threats are emerging Israel and its citizens. reported range of 2000 km. The I in the region and that brought The Arrow Weapon System missiles is 13 meters long has a with no need to go through the NEW THREATS Israel and the US to recently is a major element of Israel’s diameter of 1.5-2.0 m. Launch central command center. ARE EMERGING There was no time for further launch a program aimed at multilayered missile defense weight is approximately 19,000- Israel has a four layered IN THE REGION consideration and a second later, developing the Arrow-4 ballistic array. It includes advanced 26,000 kg. rocket and missile protection AND THAT an Arrow -2 missile was launched missile interceptor. The design is radar systems, developed and According to Iranian officials, system that is operational and BROUGHT from its canister. A few second aimed at dealing with new threats produced by IAI subsidiary Elta. the missile is capable of carrying being upgraded continuously. ISRAEL AND later loud explosions were heard posed mainly by the Iranian long It also includes a BMC system multiple warheads of up to 1,800 The Arrow-2 and Arrow-3 are THE US TO RECENTLY in Eastern Israel near the border range ballistic missiles. developed by Elbit Systems, kg. The Arrow batteries are the upper layers of a system that LAUNCH A with Jordan. The Arrow-4 will have winglets and a Launch Array including interconnected to one command is designed to defend Israel from PROGRAM Minutes before the sequence because it is designed to intercept interceptors produced by center which can decide what rockets and missile. The Rafael AIMED AT of events began, Israel Air Force inside the atmosphere. There was MLM, another subsidiary of IAI. battery or rather what launcher “Iron Dome” has intercepted DEVELOPING (IAF) fighter jets attacked a no official explanation of that Defense industries Rafael and will achieve the best results after hundreds of short and medium THE ARROW-4 convoy that carried advanced capability. Tomer are also involved in the an incoming missile is detected range rockets during the BALLISTIC weapons made in Iran, and was in According to the Israeli MOD, development and production by the “Green Pine” phased “Protective Edge” operation in MISSILE Syrian territory on its way to the the Arrow-4 will be an advanced, of the Arrow interceptor. array radar and its advanced Gaza in 2014. INTERCEPTOR. Hezbollah terror organization in innovative interceptor missile Arrow-2 is operational since versions like the “Super Green One layer above is the Rafael- THE DESIGN Lebanon. with enhanced capabilities. It will the year 2000, providing Pine” (SGP). Detection is also Raytheon “David Sling” designed IS AIMED AT When the fighter aircraft were address a wide range of evolving endo-exoatmospheric defense. performed by the Americans to intercept longer range rockets DEALING WITH NEW THREATS on their way back to base, a threats in the region and will Arrow-3, an exoatmospheric who have one missile detection and cruise missiles. All these POSED Syrian unit launched a Russian replace the Arrow-2 interceptors missile defense system, was X band radar system in southern systems are fully operational. MAINLY BY made SA-5 surface to air missile over the next decades. delivered for operational Israel and share with Israel data The threat on Israel is THE IRANIAN that missed the Israeli aircraft. Head of the Israel missile use in 2017. It serves as the collected by their spy satellites. diversified and constantly LONG RANGE But the big heavy missile defense organization (IMDO) upper layer of Israel’s multi- The decision on what battery changing. Israel has in recent BALLISTIC continued its trajectory with a Moshe Patel said on February tier missile defense array. Over will launch can be made also years performed attacks on MISSILES projected hit point inside Israeli 18 that Arrow-4 will have the past few years, both of the using the communications convoys that tried to transfer Israel and US carrying out test of their advanced Arrow 3 missile defense system territory. The Arrow-2 operator unprecedented flight and interceptors were upgraded, network between the batteries missiles from Iran to Syria.

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Iron Dome Air Defense System is launch ready

WHILE THE Currently the Iranians are military, a local clone of the No presence in the Israeli ballistic “ARROW-2” trying to build a production line Dong from North Korea. Its first missiles defense system. In a HAS A for their missiles in Syria. Israel version has a range of 1,300 km. remote site in the Israeli Negev, PROXIMITY has declared that it will make any Soon after, Iran came with two the desert part of southern Israel, FUSE THAT needed effort so that this facility new models, which has a range of an American X- band detection DETONATES will be destroyed once there is 1,650 and 1,950 km respectively. radar has been operational for THE WARHEAD, evidence that production started. Another long-range ballistic some years. THE “ARROW-3” IS Syria is equipped with old missile is Sajil. The Iranians claim This radar detects missiles INDIGENOUS DESIGNED AS Scud B/C/D ballistic missiles and that it has a 2000 km range. launched in “long ranges” in the A “HIT TO KILL” the Iranian effort is to upgrade While the “Arrow-2” has a Middle East and beyond. INTERCEPTOR. them and manufacture newer proximity fuse that detonates An expert who talked with A KILL VEHICLE versions in Syria to protect them the warhead, the “Arrow-3” Raksha Anirveda on condition IS EJECTED from night attacks by Israel. is designed as a “hit to kill” of anonymity said, “Israel needs R&D-INNOVATION FROM But the major ballistic threat interceptor. A kill vehicle is to plan its missiles defense THE MAIN is from Iran. This country has ejected from the main missile capabilities for many years to MISSILE AND a big arsenal of long-range and maneuvers itself until it come. At this point there is no MANEUVERS missiles. While some reports achieves a kinetic kill with the hypersonic missile threat on SPECIAL ITSELF UNTIL in the Iranian press about new incoming enemy missile. Sources Israel but when you design such IT ACHIEVES A KINETIC KILL versions of existing missiles are said that the Arrow 4 will also be an advanced interceptor like the A recent study by defence website Military Direct, positions India as having the fourth strongest military force. WITH THE considered false, the experts say a hit to kill missile. Arrow-4, this capability should The biggest differential being the capability and capacity in research, development and innovation in defence INCOMING that this country can launch a The “Arrow-3” will intercept be included as some countries technology, the top three – China, USA and Russia have as compared to India. Can India enhance its military ENEMY massive ballistic missile attack outside the atmosphere. it is develop such missiles and in the MISSILE on Israel. much smaller and lighter than Middle East you must expect the strength ranking and further strengthen its defence technology prowess in near future? The Shihab-3 was the first the “Arrow-2” and has super unexpected.” Raksha Anirveda presents a curated collection of articles that explores the journey of indigenous research intermediate range ballistic maneuverability. -The writer is an International Roving and development, analyses the achievements and missed opportunities, emerging defence technologies and missile that was built by Iran’s The US has a permanent Correspondent of this publication innovative solutions from MSMEs, SMEs and start-ups that have added wind to the Indian R&D efforts and powered its wings to aim and soar higher successfully…. 66 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA R&D – INNOVATION: STARTUP FOCUS www.raksha-anirveda.com AIMING HIGH: INDIGENOUS DEFENCE RESEARCH AND With right policies, synergies between stakeholders, collaborative, competitive and collective approach, supportive business model, long term public-private funding for research, development and innovation and time efficiency to INNOVATION bring in efficacity in investment - the indigenous R&D and Innovation is well poised to take a giant leap forward USHERING POLICY INITIATIVES By AARTI BANSAL DRDO Air Independent Propulsion System Changed circumstances over ndigenisation of the defense sector is of crucial importance for any sovereign the decades have allowed the nation and it becomes even more crucial for a country like India with an government to think out of the “GOI HAS expanding economy, a wide variety of security challenges, and growing box. Under the larger policy (DISC) have been launched under among 700 start-ups that have paramilitary and aero technology GIVEN A BIG international obligations. India’s complex strategic environment makes it highly establishment of our Make in iDEX. It was spearheaded by MoD participated in the challenge. There is second on the list. Big Bang PUSH TO THE imperative for New Delhi to have a valiant defence industry. New Delhi is seen India initiative, the government and was formulated by Defence was a total of 58 winners who got Boom is another influential case INDIGENISATION I as a bulwark to a rising China, but its defence spending is three times less than has promoted the start-ups and Innovation Organisation (DIO) to up to 1.5 crores in project funding. in point. It is working with MoD PROGRAMMES that of China. As one of Observer Research Foundation’s (ORF) recent reports private sectors not only to build manage Defence Innovation Fund The latest iteration of the DISC through the iDEX platform. Within THROUGH on ‘The Future of War in South Asia’ mentions, ‘The face of war is changing manufacturing capacity but also to (DIF). To quote Cdr Suchin Jain has witnessed more than half of a moderate span of two years, it has MAJOR POLICY alongside the rapid development of advanced war fighting technology. Grabbing achieve technological competency. (Retd), Program Director, iDEX, the challenges in AI and machine done a commendable job of putting CHANGES SUCH these technologies and decoding the strategies to employ them will be key to As Defence Minister Rajnath Singh “The DIO has begun to create a learning. a defence start-up ecosystem in AS OPENING counter China. In the words of Defence Research and Development Organisation stated at the Startup Manthan viable ecosystem for start-ups to In another remarkable place bringing together military UP THE PATENTS AND (DRDO) Chief Dr G Satheesh Reddy, “Manned systems are becoming unmanned seminar on the sidelines of Aero come out with the products that manifestation of continued users and operators with start-ups, LABORATORIES and unmanned systems are becoming autonomous systems.” India show, “GoI has given a could cater to the specification of efforts to add muscle in defence innovators, and entrepreneurs. The OF DRDO big push to the indigenisation military-grade. It began with the production, government has iDEX is testimony of the fact that TO PRIVATE programmes through major policy corpus of 100 crores contributed recently released draft Defence beyond a vibrant defence market, INDUSTRY, changes such as opening up the equally by HAL and BEL. iDEX Production and Export Promotion innovation systems and start- SETTING UP patents and laboratories of DRDO to came as an operational arm under Policy (DPEPP) 2020 which is ups can unlock a huge homeland OF YOUNG private industry, setting up of Young this initiative with the core aim committed to providing a focused, security market not just in India SCIENTISTS Scientists labs in niche technology to create corporate models for structured, and significant thrust but also abroad. LABS IN NICHE areas, programmes like iDEX, Indian Defence needs and allow to defence production capabilities TECHNOLOGY Defence India Start-up Challenge the sector to harness start-ups. In to fulfill the twin objectives of self- AREAS, (DISC), Technology Development a continuous bid to reduce cost on reliance and exports. MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS PROGRAMMES LIKE IDEX, Fund (TDF), iDEX4Fauji, etc. Dare defense imports and seeking local Start-ups are the latest and OF THE DAY DEFENCE INDIA to Dream was another such flagship solutions to the country’s defence most remarkable entrants in the START-UP contest announced by DRDO for requirements, the government, in defence manufacturing sector In a recent interview at Aero India CHALLENGE individuals and start-ups to come December last year, launched the who’ve been given a big boost 2021, the DRDO Chairman quoted (DISC), up with innovative ideas in six third edition of DISC. through Innovation in Defence Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General TECHNOLOGY verticals, viz. artificial intelligence Since 2018, under three excellence program. They are Bipin Rawat who has declared that DEVELOPMENT and robotics, quantum computing, iterations of DISC, 18 problem currently engaged in building the next war will be fought with FUND (TDF), autonomous systems, smart statements have been promulgated new prototypes, products, and only indigenous weapons. So, all- IDEX4FAUJI, materials, hypersonic technologies, by different arms of armed forces technology. ideaForge is one round development is taking place, ETC” and advanced communications on which start-ups must work of the major players which is from diverse range of missiles, or Defence Minister Rajnath Singh at technologies. upon. 44 contracts for building specialised in making UAVs. It has tanks like Arjun Tank or LCA Tejas Startup Manthan, Defence India Start-up Challenges prototypes have been signed from provided drones to Indian military or nuclear submarine-like Arihant, Aero India

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third Kalvari class submarine, “WE NEED TO USHER IN MORE certification leading to prolonged INNOVATION Chief of Naval Staff INS Karanj into service. This cycle time from a prototype to field Admiral Karambir Singh CHANGES THAT COULD PROMOTE AND INDIGE- is the third in the series of six LONG-TERM PRIVATE SECTOR realisation and often beaten by NISATION Scorpene class submarines built INVESTMENT IN DEFENCE, some foreign Original Equipment ATTEMPTS IN by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Manufacturer (OEM) offering at 10 THE DEFENCE Ltd launched in January 2018. As PARTICULARLY IN R&D. CUSTOM to 20X price. Multiple certification HAD A MIXED mentioned by commanding officer DUTY EXEMPTIONS SHOULD BE stages and the huge financial and Captain Gaurav Mehta, “It is the GIVEN TO START-UPS THAT’LL design stage implications delay BAG OF first truly indigenous submarine GIVE THEM LEVERAGE TO the whole process. By then most SUCCESSES which truly encapsulates the EXPERIMENT MORE” companies die out of funds. Young AND spirit of making in India. Karanj DR. ABHISHEK, IIT, KANPUR companies cannot start or survive CHALLENGES. is like a child to us we have seen only believing on defence clients WE ARE into growing war weapon.” Chief the defence sector. The company Capitalists (VCs) to invest the until some serious measures are VENTURING of Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral warned GoI that Vajra 9 howitzer money due to which raising capital taken to finance the product and ON THE Karambir Singh said that the that it has manufactured with becomes extremely challenging. give Minimum Order Quantity TWIN ROAD Indian Navy has been a strong South Korean company in a joint The other reason for the feeble (MOQ) and business guarantee. OF MODER- proponent of indigenisation and venture and they are to run out of appearance of Indian start-ups is So, we need multiple phase-wise NISATION self-reliance in defence. At present orders in six months and unless the long procurement cycle and funding and handholding of AND INDIGE- out of 42 submarines and ships on government can provide them the non-transparent ways in which companies throughout the product NISATION. order, 40 are being built in Indian another order, they may have to the defence acquisition takes place development cycle to launch. We shipyards. close shop and shift their skilled today. So, there is a dire need to must buckle up in sustaining CERTAIN Marking another major staff somewhere else. This is going streamline processes. VC is very the momentum in scaling up the AREAS NEED milestone, DRDO has successfully to be a recurring problem. important for the working capital technology to actual service. TIMELY tested the home-grown Air As defence analyst D and that makes it a big challenge REFINEMENT Independent Propulsion (AIP) Raghunanadan argues, the defence given the current ecosystem. LOOPHOLES IN R&D OR ELSE WE’LL START-UPS DRDO has done it all. The LCA years ahead. This is one of the best that is significant stealth to exhibition (DefExpo) that was Another major stumbling block ALWAYS LAY ARE THE which is designed and developed by manifestations of ‘Atmanirbhar conventional submarines held in Lucknow last year, we’ve as highlighted by Kannappa P from India ranks 52nd in the Global ON THE BRINK LATEST Aeronautical Development Agency Bharat’. He also talked about HAL- enhancing their operational announced our grandeur plans. EyeRov (IROV TECHNOLOGIES Innovation Index and contributes OF BEARING AND MOST (ADA) and DRDO and produced DRDO Advanced Medium Combat effectiveness. This system was Our ministers spoke about how PRIVATE LIMITED)is that, even only 2.7 per cent in the Global SOME REAL REMARKABLE by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd is Aircraft (AMCA), a 5.5 generation, developed in partnership with the our defence exports increased from with iDEX and Make in India R&D. Since its very inception, COSTS ENTRANTS IN the first-ever single largest order the most technologically advanced private sector L&T and Thermax. Rs 2,000 crores to 17,000 crores Initiatives the day for ground DRDO reminded the primary THE DEFENCE is a major boost to the Indian aircraft in the world being produced in last two years and the target for breaking civilian technology to body for indigenous design MANU- aeronautics sector. by a public-private partnership THE DEADLOCKS the next five years is export of Rs penetrate defence uses is highly and development of defence FACTURING The aeronautics sector will have (PPP). The government has given 35,000 crores, which was highly crippled because of three- equipment. Notwithstanding the SECTOR a quantum jump in the ecosystem impetus to push this project very The defence sector is very unique exaggerated. But the reality is, a stage tender policy, extensive fact that it has made tremendous WHO’VE coming which will pave way for the fast so that we can soon have AMCA where the government is both large chunk of that amount owes BEEN GIVEN new and advanced infrastructure, developed in the country. This is the largest producer and the only to civilian aerospace parts and A BIG BOOST manufacturing capabilities, and the kind of self-sufficiency and consumer of its manufactures. components which were exported. THROUGH technological advancements. In technological base that has been This is now beginning to change And most of the equipment INNOVATION LCA 1, AESC is being tried on the created by the DRDO in the country with the ushering in a private showcased there is produced IN DEFENCE aircraft. The navigation system, the for the defence system. sector as the second growth by DPSUs. The hollowness of EXCELLENCE complete software, weapon system, India is now the fifth country engine which will help in the narrative that has been built PROGRAM. the onboard oxygen generating to have an indigenous nuclear identifying major technological around about strengthening the THEY ARE system have been developed in the missile tracking ship. This secret trends and commercialisation. private sector was displayed in CURRENTLY country. It has also paved the way ocean surveillance ship, VC However, the primary problem Defence Expo. ENGAGED IN for the development of LCA Mark 2 1184, commissioned in October we are facing is that several To quote R Shivaraman from BUILDING NEW which is a higher weight class that is 2020. It will play a crucial role in private corporations are entering BBB, the best part about iDEX is that PROTOTYPES, in advanced stages of development. triangulating incoming ballistic this field and several agreements it entails a feedback mechanism PRODUCTS, The Defence Acquisition Council missiles in conjunction with have been signed for small arms that makes the entire ecosystem a AND (DAC) granted an Acceptance of geostationary satellites and land- and drones, but we don’t have lot more agile. Nonetheless, there TECHNOLOGY Necessity (AoN) last month which based radars. It will have a key enough buyers domestically. are a lot of limitations that haunt pave way for the Indian Army to role in India’s antiballistic missile This issue recently confronted start-ups in India. Defence start- acquire 118 Arjun Mk1A tanks in capabilities. On March 10, 2021 Larsen and Toubro (L&T), one ups in India are not a preferred a deal worth Rs 8,400 crores in the Indian Navy commissioned the of the largest private company in destination for the Venture Representatives from EyeRov at a display

70 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 71 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA R&D – INNOVATION: STARTUP FOCUS ANANTH “TIME IS THE ESSENCE. ABOUT WHATEVER management, stagnation in DPSUs, WE DO WE MUST REDUCE TIME NOW. THESE lack of specialisation in MoD TECHNOLOGIES LTD POLICY INITIATIVES HAVE BROUGHT DOWN and political leadership, lack of THE TIME-LAPSE BUT IT NEEDS TO GO DOWN long-term spending and lack of AN AS-9100D & ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY confidence in our people. So, there EVEN FURTHER. WE NEED TO START WORKING is no single policy that is likely to Committed Partner for Indian Aerospace & Defence Programs IN PARALLELS INSTEAD OF WORKING IN be a panacea, different challenges PERIODS. EFFICIENCY IN TIME WILL BRING demand different solutions. To EFFICACITY IN MONEY AS WELL” address these diverse challenges, ABHISHEK JAIN, ZEUS NUMERIX bureaucratic streamlining, Overview Product Range empowerment of JPMT, effective l Inception in 1992 l Digital & Embedded systems synergy in various stakeholders, l India’s premier private defense and space player l Navigation & Controls systems WE SHOULD achievements in developing a range country’s defence budget. limited trials will go a long way. We l Avionics Design, Fabrication and Qualification l Laser Systems LEARN FROM of complex systems including LCA, UAS has seen exponential growth need to usher in more changes that l Satellite Integration & Testing l Sights for Tanks and weapons THE MISTAKES Main battle tank Arjun, advanced in demand in India over the past five could promote long-term private l Launch Vehicle sub-assemblies Integration & Testing l Telemetry & Tracking systems towed artillery guns, Pinaka multi- years. But its ecosystem within sector investment in defence, l Class 100K Clean Room with SMT production lines l RF and Microwave systems COMMITTED barrel rocket system, and myriad India is currently host to only a particularly in R&D. Custom duty l Indigenous solution provider l Sensor Systems BY OTHERS; weapons and sensors despite handful of companies that are exemptions should be given to l In-house environmental test facilities l Mechanical systems LIFE IS TOO consistent lack of human resources manufacturing and catering to the start-ups that’ll give them leverage l Meeting Quality & Reliability Standards for Space & SHORT TO and budgetary constraints, its consumers including DRDO. These to experiment more. Policies could Defence Programmes l Facilities in Hyderabad, Bengaluru and COMMIT ALL optimal performance is often companies are also concerned be sufficient but policy stability Thiruvananthapurum OF THEM ON marred by time and cost overruns. about the ongoing discussions and predictability in identifying OUR OWN. A India’s low inventiveness largely on UAS regulations and funding requirements and financial outlay CASE IN POINT owes to the poor investment, crunch. We still don’t have a very – are of the greatest importance. HERE IS THAT unavailability of a dedicated conducive ecosystem for the We should learn from the THE ‘VALLEY defence R&D policy, government- indigenous production of drones. mistakes committed by others; life OF DEATH’ led R&D spending, poor HR base, is too short to commit all of them SYNDROME and poor collaboration between ROAD TO SELF- RELIANCE on our own. A case in point here is research labs and industry. Along that the ‘Valley of death’ syndrome WITNESSED IN with that, there is a desperate lack So, it is justified enough to say that witnessed in the US. Bureaucratic THE US of funding in training institutes the innovation and indigenisation obstacles and complex regulations and educational courses to up skill attempts in the defence had a mixed faced by the start-ups and private existing human resources. Our bag of successes and challenges. We sector in Silicon Valley debunked industry is service-oriented, and are venturing on the twin road of the initiative. Lastly, to quote thus our education system caters modernisation and indigenisation. Abhishek Jain from Zeus Numerix, to that. Moreover, the R&D sector Certain areas need timely a leading defence start-up, “Time pays you much less than what refinement or else we’ll always is the essence. About whatever finance or any other sector does lay on the brink of bearing some we do we must reduce time now. that incentivising the talent. real costs. As identified by Rear These policy initiatives have India’s current spending in R&D Admiral Ravindra Jayant Nadkarni, brought down the time-lapse as per DRDO is less than six per cent Flag Officer of the Offshore Defence but it needs to go down even of the defence budget compared to Advisory Group, on the sidelines of further. We need to start working over 10 per cent in countries like Aero India, there are two challenges in parallels instead of working in the US and China. This investment India faces: improving the economic periods. Efficiency in time will deficit in R&D limits India’s capacity complexity index and quickening bring efficacity in money as well.” to innovate new technologies for the pace of technologies required We need to march ahead without future use. We can learn from for a stronger defence. compromising on quality, cost, Ananth Info Park, No 64, KIADB Bangalore Sy.No.315/2 Part, Plot Israel where its defence exports As highlighted by Dr Abhishek, and commitment. We’ve come a Plot No: 39, Hitec City, Aerospace Park, Singahalli No.51(b), KINFRA Park, finance the country’s R&D to a Co-Founder and Director at long way in the last decade, but Phase-II, Madhapur, Village, Budigere Post, Menamkulam, great extent. But in India, we have EndureAir Systems and Associate still there is a long road ahead. a very meagre fraction of exports. Professor IIT Kanpur, the key areas HYDERABAD – 500 081 Bangalore North Taluk, Sub-Dist: Kazhakuttom, An exporting defence industry that require effective redressal –The writer is a Research Intern, Strategic Ph. No - +91-40-6615 6615 BANGALORE - 562129 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM Studies Programme at ORF. The views can reduce the costs of defence include administrative hurdles, expressed are personal and do not necessarily Ph. No - +91-80-6616 6616 Ph. No - +91-471-2315913 acquisitions and helps subsidise a funding crunch, supply chain reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.ananthtech.com 72 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 73 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA THOUGHT POT www.raksha-anirveda.com

based decision-making, and all protections to its nascent power grids, the most famous of IT IS timid organisational defence electronics hardware industry which was last year’s massive DIFFICULT TO production processes reform. (including telecommunications) blackout, many of which QUANTIFY Thus, defence production and by joining the Information & were attributed to Chinese hackers acquisition functions are siloed Technology Agreement-1 (ITA- and Advanced Persistent Threat THE MIND- from each other, which benefits 1) in 1997. China joined ITA-1 groups, alerted the Government. BOGGLING only import lobbies. only when its industry was firmly Our organisation SITARA had NATIONAL The Department of established. India followed up earlier alerted the National SECURITY Telecommunications (DoT) and this folly by signing FTAs with Security authorities about the IMPLICATIONS the Ministry of Electronics and countries with a trade surplus risks associated with Chinese OF MEITY’S Information Technology (MEITY) (even with China) in high-tech ownership of sensitive networks – are also siloed from each other electronics products – Japan and exponentially magnified if Chinese DECISION and MEITY is oblivious to national South Korea – further decimating companies entered 5G. National TO ACCORD security considerations. Despite its hardware industry. and Economic Security had to be GOOGLE DoT’s mandate to nurture In 2012, Indian OEMs’ share prioritised in Telecom Policy and CLOUD domestic industry, not a penny of the domestic telecom market secure networks starting with 4G PERMISSION in R&D support or substantial was still a respectable 23%. China built with Indian equipment, so TO STORE procurement orders have gone to now set out to drive out domestic that they could be 5G ready. domestic industry. B.K. Raghuveer, competition, aided by a lack of Massive procurement reform to GOVERNMENT CEO of Nivetti Systems, one of strategic trade and procurement combat corruption was required. DATA, EVEN India’s best router manufacturers, policy on the Indian side. As a Full commitment to domestic AS THE said: “Smart City infrastructure, result, Indian OEMs’ share declined procurement would turbo-charge WORLD Surveillance Networks, military to 7% in 2018 due to China’s unfair domestic economic/technological GEARS UP TO China soon began aiming at communications infrastructure, bidding practices. development by imparting a 40% CONTROL BIG enhanced military lethality through Airport and Railway infrastructure, A series of 40,000 cyber-attacks stimulus to GDP. A strong ICT MASTERING ICT, R&D WILL MAKE OUR TECH ‘Intelligentisation’ and enlisted etc. are huge spends by the after the Galwan standoff – on industry would be India’s force the AI and ICT capabilities of its government that is gifted to Government establishments, the multiplier for National Security business behemoths Tencent, overseas economies by India.” banking sector, vaccine producing and the successful conduct of NATIONAL SECURITY FUTURE-READY Alibaba, Hikvision, iFlytek etc, for Moreover, India signed away pharmaceutical companies and modern warfare. In fact, all its military, under its Military- future technological progress A strong ICT industry will be India’s force multiplier for National Civil Fusion strategy. Elsa B. Kania would depend on mastery of Security and the successful conduct of modern warfare. In fact, (Battlefield Singularity) describes ICT technologies. Unless India the ultimate objective being upgraded its indigenous technology all future technological progress would depend on mastery “Intelligent machines becom(ing) and R&D capacity to get future- of ICT technologies. Unless India upgrades its indigenous primary war-fighters’’. In the future, ready, it would forever remain part technology and R&D capacity to get future-ready, it will forever Indian soldiers will be faced with of the global South. remain part of the global South autonomous unmanned systems Moreover, Chinese equipment and warfighting robots, suffering in our sensitive networks would be unacceptable casualties if they do incompatible with the Quad and US By SMITA PURUSHOTTAM not have corresponding domestic security partnership. The US Indo- technological capabilities. Pacific Commander just announced ith the increasing lethality of China’s military, cyber operations and As opposed to China’s the establishment of an information advanced Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), massive lead in ICTs (AI, 5G and fusion centre and stressed never has the urgency of investing in India’s domestic technological Quantum Tech) – and indigenous, interoperability and information capabilities been more acute. China very early on started leveraging modernising, digitising and sharing between partners. The ICTs for military modernisation, even as India’s defence strategy intelligentising defence industry US also said it will help develop and weapons acquisitions policy continued to address physical, and force – India has still to India’s defence industrial base – kinetic threats. In lockstep, China started reorganising its “civilian” understand the foundational role we have to hold them to it and not Information Technology and Industry Ministries in 1998/2008 to ICTs play in national security. sacrifice domestic technological promote ICTs manufacturing and R&D. Ultimately, China aimed to Moreover, it has an imported capabilities to any grouping, have a “world-class” military by 2049, with Informatisation at its core, weapons park (although domestic even as we explore partnership creating a Strategic Support Force integrating information systems in procurement has begun), foreign opportunities with them. W all battlefield domains. control of communications systems, As a result, procurement half a dozen AI “strategies”, silo- reforms giving some margin of

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OUR FLAWED PROCUREMENT Defence production must be given SYSTEM AND • MODpriority must over defence be reorganised: acquisition and ICT ascendancy integrated COLONIAL-ERA into warfighting strategies. SUBSERVIENCE TO FOEMS to fund R&D in ICTs must be HAS COST • Adeclared. National A DST Strategic draft recommends Mission INDIA 1000S national mission mode projects OF LAKHS OF and technology development. The CRORES IN CAREL model can fund domestic CONTRACTS technologies developed through AWARDED the public sector or Universities TO FOREIGN with 100% pass-through funding COMPANIES, to the private sector (we prefer WHICH HAVE direct funding to the private sector preference to domestic producers be developed on Google, rather for spiral iterations but this is the GROWN and warning against artificial than Indian clouds. Business will be next best thing). RICH OFF skewing of tender specifications stolen from the Indian ecosystem, THE INDIAN to exclude domestic bidders – were again relegating us to poor cousin, Obligation Fund), which has MARKET. THIS indeed passed by Government. coolie status. The exodus of talent • Thebeen USOF used (Universalto fund a Japanese Service IS THE MAIN The BSNL tender for national from India will intensify. company, must be used for REASON INDIA 4G networks, initially tailored to Over decades, our flawed domestic companies. HAS NEVER Chinese needs, was revoked and procurement system and colonial- EMERGED OUT retendered for domestic bidders. era subservience to FOEMs has prosperity and National Security. OF POVERTY SITARA’s request for telecom cost India 1000s of lakhs of crores • DomesticOrders to procurement domestic companies is the key to AND WE security legislation was partly met in contracts awarded to foreign build a secure indigenous cyber HAVE NOT by the Telecom Security Directive companies, which have grown infrastructure must be given. PPP- DEVELOPED and Trusted Source Order. rich off the Indian market. This is MII Orders must also be enforced But there is a long way to go. the main reason India has never in capital and revenue Defence A ROBUST There is no sign of R&D support emerged out of poverty and we Procurement. DOMESTIC to the sector as yet. Very few have not developed a robust INNOVATION tenders have actually been given domestic innovation ecosystem. greater weightage than price in ECOSYSTEM to domestic companies. The private India must invest in futuristic • Indiantenders. IPR ownership must get sector is no better. Airtel and domestic capabilities in ICTs. Gen. Vodafone have just placed huge Rajesh Pant, National Cybersecurity restored. procurement orders on Huawei, Coordinator has called the country’s • R&D tax incentives must be despite the security risks involved. Information Infrastructure “Super- Cloud permission to store Meanwhile, Niti Aayog and critical”, not just Critical. To this end: • GovernmentThe MEITY Order data givingand all Google other MEITY have given away critical awards and contracts to handle Government contracts to treated as Super-Critical, Sensitive Government data given to Big foreigners. It is difficult to quantify • India’sand Strategic ICT networks Information must be Tech and Big 4 Consultancies the mind-boggling National Infrastructure vital to national – must be rescinded. These Security implications of MEITY’s security, like the US, China and contracts undermine all the good decision to accord Google Cloud other countries, to prevent work the Govt has done recently. permission to store Government overturning Prime Minister’s data, even as the world gears up national security vision and passed. to control Big Tech. Indian data Atmanirbharta directives. • A Telecom Security Act must be centres and cloud providers will a unified national AI plan be unable to offer matching terms, into a Ministry/ National • Thespanning Commission several securitymust adopt and with Google even offering to host • MEITYCommission and DoT of mustInformation be merged & line ministries. it for free and profit from the Communications Technologies & – The author is a former Ambassador to massive meta-data monetisation Industry under the Prime Minister, Switzerland and Founder & Chairperson, opportunities! All applications will to ensure security oversight. SITARA (www.sitara.org.in)

76 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 77 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA ANALYSIS www.raksha-anirveda.com ROLE OF R&D IN NATION BUILDING: THE WAY AHEAD The DRDO needs a complete overhaul to focus solely on cutting-edge technologies and weapons systems. A number of its 52 laboratories can be merged to make it lean and mean. Production of packaged foods, clothing items and other such activities should be hived off to the private players

By LT GEN VK CHATURVEDI (RETD)

Akash Weapon System ew Delhi. The research and development (R&D) organisation in any DRDO will be able to develop the country plays an important role in the development of the nation as well as best products in the world. its society. All nations, therefore, invest a sizeable portion of their budget There is always a sense of reforms. There is a need for a fields where mind, intelligence, on creating an effective and potent R&D establishment. The investments unease in this regard amongst the major surgery as over time the management, execution is are always high initially and with no returns. To create a scientific Armed Forces personnel. There issues involved are critical and involved. Most of the renowned environment, facilities, infrastructure, educational institutes of excellence, are surely some bright sparks, affecting the effectiveness and technology companies the the technology development projects have to be undertaken and funded. like the development of missiles, efficiency of the organisation. world over are being led and Till a few years ago, there was a feeling in the scientific community that the state of the art WLR (Weapon It would be worth mentioning spearheaded by Indians. Our N we will always be able to procure or transfer technology from outside. Locating Radar, SWATI), ACCCS that today India is one of the esteemed institutions like the (Artillery Command Control and largest importers of weapons IITs, IISc and the IIMs have Communication System) etc., and high-tech defence all done us proud. The DRDO, Therefore, we did not our Prime Minister’s focus on self- but the list is not long, as one equipment. More than 70% therefore, must commence endeavour and put in sincere reliance and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’, would expect. This makes it an of our defence needs, as far as interacting with these institutes. efforts to create anything new. there is a great push for R&D and absolute necessity to introspect capital expenditure is concerned, There is no harm giving and Israel, born after India got its we today feel ‘Bharat’ can and and internalise. is being imported. The Prime sharing the credit where due and Independence, today spends produce indigenously, anything Minister’s call for self-reliance acknowledging the same publicly more than 4% of its GDP on R&D and everything within the country. WHAT WE CAN DO and ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ is and even honouring some of whereas India spends only 0.7%. therefore an apt call. There is them at appropriate forums. However, post the nuclear THE PRESENT STATUS Over time, different committees no doubt that it is going to be There are several high-end tests of 1998, sanctions were have recommended a number a beacon of light for this vital technology-oriented companies imposed on us by many developed The DRDO (Defence Research of reforms to improve the organisation to act speedily and in the private sector, who and developing countries. This and Development Organisation), effectiveness, efficiency and produce results. have the capabilities and the prompted and motivated many was established in India in 1958 output of DRDO. However, because The requirement is to have a wherewithal to produce high-end exceptional minds in the country after amalgamating the Defence of the internal equations and the change in perception. At present, technology-oriented weapons to put in that extra bit and Science Establishments and some reluctance to change not much there is a lot of self-glorification. and equipment catering to the produce indigenously several of the technical development has been achieved. After a long This must stop forthwith. The demand of our armed forces. critical cutting-edge technologies, establishments. It has come a long time, three laboratories, namely aim is to collaborate, cooperate Their credibility and ethics which until then were beyond our way since then. However, it has DTRL, LASTEC and ANURAG, were and even compete but at no are beyond doubt. I have no wherewithal and the passion imagination. The Cryogenic engine failed to give the user, (primarily, shut or merged with laboratories stage confront. hesitation in naming a few like to work on projects of national is a case in point. Since we started the Armed Forces of India), the involved in similar activities. The Bharat of today is, in fact, TATAs, L&T, Bharat Forge etc. importance with the same zeal, late, there are still miles to go. With much needed confidence that our These are, however, only cosmetic leading the world in almost all who have the capabilities, the enthusiasm and responsibilities

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NOW WITH as any of our Government focus on cutting-edge technology, the leadership must always be waiver in deserving cases to get OUR DEFENCE Institutions. The only need is cyber, space, missile systems, from the DRDO. the best talent. The aim is to get PRIVATE to either give them firm orders ammunitions, MALE (Medium the best brains for our research SECTOR initially, subject to their meeting Altitude Long Endurance) and MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE and to ensure that funds are not HAVING the Qualitative Requirements HALE (High Altitude Long a constraint. A lean and mean DEVELOPED TO (QRs) or fund them for the Endurance) UAVs, the seekers, This is a very difficult phase to organisation with well-defined AN EXTREMELY research. I have no doubt they the electronic systems, aircraft bring in any material change in and clear objectives for research GOOD will produce the results. It has and helicopter design and the functioning, reorganisation, and development in cutting edge STANDARD been done in the past — the development, software algorithm merging and implementation of technologies and development WITH REACH Pinaka MBRL is a case in point. development and other such the proposal. The basic resistance of sensitive, critical weapons ACROSS THE The 52 DRDO laboratories high-end technology systems comes from within, the people platforms and systems must LENGTH AND must be reduced to a bare where sensitivity, competitive who are used to a certain way of remain the sole aim of the DRDO. BREADTH OF minimum by merging a number superiority and confidentiality working. They want to remain Equally important, those who THE COUNTRY, of them. The DRDO should not is involved and paramount in their comfort zones and do make extraordinary contributions THERE IS AN be producing packaged foods in national interest. Even in not want to change. Therefore, and develop state of the art IMPERATIVE and clothing items, these could these areas a certain amount the most important task is to technology should be awarded for NEED TO be outsourced to some private of collaboration could be motivate them, by being extremely their work. These awards must be REVIEW THE laboratories. The DRDO must explored, but the nucleus and transparent, explaining the something like the Nobel Prize ROLE AND reasons for the change and taking in the field of R&D. The value of CHARTER OF them along to achieve the aim. the award, the selection system, THE DRDO At no stage should anyone who the award ceremony etc. must be has been working on a particular world class. We (Indians) may not project or in a specific field be get the award initially, as the best the user or an autonomous body. made to feel ‘left out’. There will will win, but soon many Indians In conclusion, it would be be some surplus of manpower, will compete and add glory to our pertinent to mention that our whenever such major changes are DRDO. This will ensure that our DRDO over a period of time has brought about. DRDO is talked about the world some feathers to its credit like The foremost duty of those over and achieve greater glories. the missiles systems (, implementing the change and , BrahMos, , Akash the decision makers is to ensure QUALITY ASSURANCE etc.), Weapon Locating Radars that these people are adequately (SWATI), Rockets like Pinaka and compensated or rehabilitated. It This is one important field that some Naval systems, yet there must be ensured that their self- affects the quality of the product is a lot to achieve. The present esteem is not hurt. It must be and ultimately has a major organisation system may have Weapon Locating Radar ‘Swathi’ remembered that they are not bearing on its development. been okay for the 1950s and inefficient or unwanted, but are Therefore we must have an 60s, when the private sectors extremely effective. Unless the extremely committed, honest and were not well developed and hour. The government must change is managed in the most effective quality assurance set-up. equipped, and our R&D was provide and give waivers to the professional and compassionate This again is required to be an involved in developing even rules and regulations wherever manner, the best of plans will fail. independent and autonomous minor technologies. required to ensure the best minds It must however be noted that body totally dedicated to the However, now with our private come to our DRDO. The necessary the change is a must and must national cause. The motivational sector having developed to an checks and balances must be put be put in place sooner than later. level of the employees must be of extremely good standard with in place to see that our DRDO is the highest order with impeccable reach across the length and among the best in the world. The AWARDING THE BEST TALENTS record of honesty, integrity, and breadth of the country, there is capability exists and we need dedication. The present set-up an imperative need to review the to now ensure it happens in the There is always a need to get of our DGQA has failed to inspire role and charter of DRDO. A lean, earliest time frame. the best talent for our Research confidence in the user, primarily mean and focussed organisation – The writer is a veteran who served the Indian Army for 40 years in various and Development. We have because of the attitude of empire with the sole aim of developing the Command and Staff Appointments. His some of the finest educational building both by the OFB and best and state of the art cutting- last appointment was Director General Manpower Planning and Personal institutions in the world. the Department of Defence edge technologies and producing Services at Army HQ. He is a gallantry Therefore, we must ensure that Production. How can the DGQA strategic weapon platforms and award winner of 1971 Indo-Pak War and the best comes to our DRDO. The be under the production agency? ammunition systems for the has tremendous experience about the Prithvi Missile System modernisation of the Artillery, and is also Government of India must give They should be preferably under Armed Forces is the need of the a recipient of PVSM AVSM SM.

80 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 81 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA ANALYSIS www.raksha-anirveda.com TURNING THE TIDE: INDIA’S DEFENCE R&D DILEMMA Time and again we see the Ministry of Defence usher in policies with the sole aim of import substitution by promoting indigenous defence manufacturing. Yet our military planners end up placing gargantuan orders that result in leveling out the very process of import substitution.

By SIDDHARTH SIVARAMAN

ew Delhi. According to a recent report by Stockholm-based Sipri, India’s private sector UAV companies import of arms decreased by 33% between 2011-15 and 2016-20. The engaged in innovation and R&D, reason for the decline has been a combination of a convoluted procurement that would like to move up the process and an aggressive attempt by the Government of India to reduce its weight class. The ban should dependence on Russian arms. While India’s defence import bill appears to extend to unmanned systems General Atomics’ MQ-9B SkyGuardian have come down significantly, on the contrary India is planning large-scale in water and land as well. AI arms imports in the coming years from several suppliers. based unmanned systems are N the future of warfare and diluting of Indian Defence Manufacturers companies operating in defence WHILE THERE HAS BEEN A HUGE PUSH this space via imports will not be (SIDM) assured the nation that and aerospace sector in the BY THE GOVERNMENT FOR LOCAL India will soon be placing planners end up placing gargantuan justified. The private sector will India will soon become a major country.” This is although a far an order for 30 armed MQ-9B orders that result in leveling out the not burn cash on developing local exporter of defence equipment. cry from the billions of dollars PROCUREMENT, THE FDI LIMIT HAS SkyGuardian/SeaGuardian class very process of import substitution. technologies in the absence of a To this effect the Government in FDI inflow envisaged in the ALSO BEEN RAISED FROM 49% TO 74% drones for keeping an eye on China, The second negative import arms level-playing field. of India has been aggressively A&D sector, but FDI inflow has MAKING IT EASIER FOR FOREIGN OEMS Pakistan and the Indian Ocean. list, which is likely to be out by the Last month, Prime Minister pursuing procurement of defence certainly come a long way from TO EITHER SET UP SHOP OR INVEST The drones are going to add a year end, should include an import Narendra Modi and Defence items from local industry and a meagre $5 million over the last significant persistent surveillance ban on UAVs up to the tactical class Minister Rajnath Singh in an event to this effect the Ministry of decade. INTO INDIAN COMPANIES and deterrence capability to the to leave some room for the vibrant organised by CII and the Society Defence has assured a revised list As on date, FDI approvals Indian military and at the same time of items that cannot be procured have been given to 44 companies providing lip service in events, kill or make redundant the domestic from foreign manufacturers. including DPSUs, for joint but has become a diligent policy DRDO Rustom program? No end- Nearly Rs 70,000 crore will be ventures or co-production of imperative. user would want the Rustom when reserved for capital procurement various defence items. While One has to remember that the SkyGuardian/SeaGuardian or from domestic industries. This is there has been a huge push there is a significant difference an upgraded Heron is available.. perhaps the single most defining by the government for local between local procurement and Consequently the private sector moment for the local aerospace procurement, the FDI limit has real indigenisation. In house companies will have little room and defence (A&D) industry as it also been raised from 49% to research, design and development to operate in the development of gives a clear path to procurement 74% making it easier for foreign of products by the defence higher classes of UAV in the near in money terms. OEMs to either set up shop or sector industry is still a work in future? On March 9, 2021, Minister of invest into Indian companies. progress. The development and Time and again we see the Ministry State for Defence Shripad Naik It is for the first time in over a the induction of the LCA and of Defence usher in policies with in a written reply to a question decade, since the privatization of now the LCH are two of the most the sole aim of import substitution in the Rajya Sabha said, “So far, the Indian defence sector, it seems significant achievements of the by promoting indigenous defence FDI inflows of about Rs 4,191 as though the policy for local Indian defence industry in terms DRDO Rustom Unmanned Air Vehicle manufacturing. Yet our military crore have been reported by procurement is not just about of putting out relevant indigenous

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time limits for ineffective policy measures to be done away with. The failure of the Indian defence offset policy is a case in point that in spite of multiple iterations, failed to generate compliance from OEMs that were legally bound to MITRA AMARTYA SKETCH BY: discharge the offset obligations. R&D objectives and policies should not be any different. Ongoing DRDO projects stand at $ 7.3 billion. An organisation that is endowed with this level of public money and trust must put in place mechanisms that closely monitor the successes and failure of its R&D objectives. The demands of the warfighter are based on what the IAF HAL Light Combat Helicopter enemy has or is expected to have. This gap in demand and expectation high quality products. in turn are protected by their has led to the huge surge in imports The Indian defence industry is local laws. No government can of defence equipment. yet to reach a tipping point where claim a complete transfer of India can learn a lesson or two it is able to design and develop technology (ToT) on their behalf from the likes of Turkey, China combat systems in a given time while negotiating a government- and the UAE, all recent entrants frame. There is enough brouhaha to-government (G2G) deal etc. in the defence sector and are now generated when a company puts Large Indian companies that exporting high quality weapons out defence products as a result of have the funds and resources systems across the globe. The a joint venture or co-production tend to go in for JVs or a co- MoD must evolve a mechanism arrangement. While the deal pays production arrangement with to measure the impact of its for employment and a feel good OEMs, essentially where the policies initiatives and whether factor of ‘make in India’, it does scope for R&D work is nil. As its programs are delivering the very little in terms of technology for the MSMEs, some of whom right activities for the desired gain or being able to manufacture are engaged in the R&D of outcomes. Its monitoring and a similar product once the license core technologies, they find it evaluation framework can be based INDIA CAN reaches its expiry date. hard to survive in a culture of on the “Theory of Change”, where LEARN A R&D activity in the defence JV and licensed productions as the impact can be measured in LESSON OR sector is controlled and literally it is cheaper for the systems terms of a real drop in import of TWO FROM owned by the DRDO. Private integrator to acquire technology defence equipment and greater THE LIKES OF sector for the present stays via this route. In fact, large participation of domestic industries. C-130J IN MISSION: PARATROOPERS TURKEY, CHINA miles away from real R&D work private sector groups even shy If the impact is not producing the AND THE UAE, due to its low risk and higher away from adopting products right results then in that case either ALL RECENT profit mentality. R&D work is developed in-house by the likes the inputs in programs have to ENTRANTS IN generally time-consuming and a of NAL (National Aerospace change or the policies have to be JUMPING FROM THE AIRCRAFT THE DEFENCE cash burning exercise. Core R&D Laboratories) as it would entail tweaked or discarded. If India has A decade long journey of C-130J Super Hercules with Indian Air Force has been exemplary. It started SECTOR THAT technologies never become a part setting up R&D houses to bring to be a true strategic power, it has ARE NOW of technology transfer as time the product up to their higher to focus on weapons platforms that with the induction of first aircraft in February, 2011 as the first major military contract between the US EXPORTING and again claimed by OEMs who technology readiness levels. are ‘made in India’ for which it will and India in more than 40 years. HIGH QUALITY entice our MoD bureaucrats while To its credit, the Ministry of have to find its own success model Considered as the world's most successful and advanced tactical airlifter, Indian Air Force WEAPONS pitching their products. In most Defence has been engaged in a in R&D. performed the highest landing of a C-130J at the airstrip in Ladakh in the hot summer SYSTEMS cases, core R&D work is done series of policy initiatives to make –The writer is Chief Business Officer of the ACROSS THE and owned by a plethora of large, life easier for the Indian defence Andhra Pradesh Aerospace and Defence of 2013 and was extensively used last year during the standoff with China. As a proven workhorse of GLOBE mid-and small-size companies sector companies, but the time has Electronics Park, a mentor at the Atal Incubation Centre and Strategic Advisor IAF, C-130J Super Hercules is capable of working in every environment and mission scenario and has in a particular country, which come to evaluate policies and set to Kadet Defence Systems exceptionally performed its role to support a variety of missions, from cargo delivery to providing vital humanitarian aid. 84 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA START-UP: BUSINESS PITCH www.raksha-anirveda.com

systems this UAS is free from Unmanned Aerial Systems parallel with the business, dead weight and drag penalty to the Indian Armed Forces focused on knowledge building ENDUREAIR SYSTEMS: A DRONE-MANUFACTURING experienced in quadplanes and Industries and thereby through system analysis will (quadrotor-airplane hybrid) reducing their dependence of empower them to compete due to separate thrust and lift procuring expensive UAS from in global market as credible motors and no complexity and foreign suppliers. provider of UAS. More efforts COMPANY WITH A DIFFERENCE weight penalty that is associated can then be concentrated in the with tilting of propellers. These operators of our UAS in order post-infancy stage on marketing The key differentiator for this very promising startup is its origin, which lies in more than a UAS are undergoing testing and • Givingto reduce proper the risktraining associated to the and modularising products to decade of Research & Development in the area of Unmanned Aerial Systems aka drones trials for surveillance, disaster with operating UAS. suit all kinds of global partners response and payload delivery in this field. In addition to the ndureAir Systems Pvt Ltd incubated at SIDBI Innovation and Incubation Centre most conventional multirotor missions. developing UAS systems with above products that are already (SIIC), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur is not just another run-of- drones with a top speed of 100 EndureAir is committed to • Eventuallyhigher payload designing capacity and to on track to be made available to the-mill drone startup. The key differentiator for this very promising startup is km/hr. The second product called develop best in class products meet the most challenging various users, EndureAir is also its origin, which lies in more than a decade of Research & Development (R&D) Endure BiTs (Biplane Tailsitter) with focus on ease of operation requirements of the nation. doing significant research in UAS in the area of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) aka drones. The co-Founders drone is a novel design that offers and system reliability to meet The focus of the company swarm, Counter UAS (CUAS), of EndureAir are two highly experienced faculty members of IIT Kanpur Dr unprecedented simplicity, gust user requirements. The company for now is on technology Counter Counter UAS (CCUAS) Abhishek (PhD from University of Maryland and B. Tech, IIT Kharagpur) and tolerance, ease of operation and goal is to become the best UAS development, crystallising the and GPS denied navigation Dr Mangal Kothari (PhD from University of Leicester), who between them reliability. The current system is developer and manufacturer in product and seeking potential technologies, some of which E have 10 patents and more than 100 publications related to drones. capable of transporting five (5) India by: customers. The unmanned would be reaching the market in kg payload over a range of 40 systems research running in near future. km. Two other variants are also If that is not enough, the other two design and autonomy. Currently, under development, the first one • Providing cutting edge co-founders are young and dynamic the product line of this company for surveillance mission and the Chirag Jain (B. Tech from IIT Patna consists of Vibhram UAS (winner second one for lifting 10-20 kg and MS from IIT Kanpur) and Rama of First prize in stage 3 of payload. This configuration is Krishna (B. Tech and M. Tech from endurance challenge organized an electrically powered Vertical AlterNativeSenses Pvt Ltd IIT Kanpur) who are spearheading by National Institute of Standards Take-off and Landing (VTOL) the autonomy and design aspects and Technology, USA), which is a configuration with two small SUCCESS is a rule and you will always have a respectively for the high efficiency conventional single main rotor- wings for compact footprint and viable and an effective ALTERNATIVE and high endurance drones that the based design with option for fuel distributed propulsion system company is churning out. or electric power plant that can lift for high efficiency and quietness. AlterNative Senses Pvt Ltd (ANS) with its Task Focused Inspired by the call for five (5) kg payload at sea level with Vehicle takes off vertically and and Best Networked Team will help you navigate.... l The Indian Aerospace & Defence Market with Special atmanirbharta the company is endurance of 80 minutes. With a then transitions to the forward Focus on: focused on deep tech indigenous lighter payload the same system flight by performing pitch down n Aviation & MRO Services drone development leveraging can fly for over three hours while manoeuvre to fly like a tailless n Space Systems ( Satellites & Launch Vehicles ) on the decades of experience in outrunning and out manoeuvring airplane. Unlike other VTOL n Unmanned Systems for Airborne, Marine & Land applications n Maritime Systems n Intelligent Battlefield Systems and Peripherals l Identify Indian Offsets Avenues, International & Domestic ToT and Prospective JV Partners l Provide Strategic Business & Sales Advisory services with in depth focus on Indian Defence Procurement Processes l Representative for liaison purposes with Expert Advisory on M&A l Support for Aerospace and Defence Product Design & Development with Supply chain Management / Procurement support l Support for New Technology Go-to-Market Strategic Advisory

Vibhram Endure Bilane Tailsitter (BiTs) www.alternativesenses.com [email protected]

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limit of FDI in defence (automatic approval) to 74 per cent. Similarly, the Ministry of APPROACHES TO HIGH-TECH INDIGENISATION Defence (MoD) has formulated a draft Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy 2020 (DPEPP 2020), the key objectives AND ATMANIRBHARTA IN DEFENCE of which also promote the development of a strong defence The major reason why India is still far away from ‘Atmanirbharta’ is the mismatch between the industry leading to higher self- arms we produce and the arms we buy. The government is trying to bridge this anomaly and reliance. Setting its sight on the create an improved environment for us as a nation to take a quantum leap into high technology need to reduce the current high defence production import dependency, the draft policy identifies 13 sets of weapon systems/platforms (including By DR BRIG DEEPAK DAS (RETD) become ‘Buy Indian IDDM’ vendors. fighters, helicopters, warships, The Consolidated FDI Policy 2020 missile systems, ammunition and elf-reliance or ‘Atmanirbharta’ is both a human as well as a national aspiration, (April 2020) has also been tweaked explosives, land systems, and which most associate with self-esteem and respect, but which has much larger to safeguard against hostile takeovers electronics) whose development by 2025, with around one-fifths technologies”. The MoD has connotations when it comes to the defence of a nation. India, despite seeking to or covert financing of anti-national and manufacture would commence of it – Rs 35,000 crore ($5 billion) concurrently released the DRDO’s attain this ambitious goal for decades has still been struggling to shed the tag activities by making it mandatory latest by 2025. – coming through exports. The Research Procurement Manual of being the world’s largest importer of arms from 1990 till 2019, and as per for any country with land border with Other objectives include an policy also intends to make India on 20 October 2020 and is in the SIPRI data published on 15 Mar 2021 still retains the inglorious distinction of India (China, Pakistan, etc.) to obtain increase in domestic arms sales a “global leader in cyberspace process of revising the Defence being the second largest importer of arms globally. government approval for all the to Rs 170,000 crore ($26 billion) and AI (artificial intelligence) Procurement Manual (DPM 2009- S 2011), through a committee under defence acquisition for Apart from shifting the goal post is still far away from ‘Atmanirbharta’ streamlining revenue procurement. periodically, the only other thing is the mismatch between the arms The coordinated and consolidated India has shifted is its dependence we produce or try to produce and review of several defence related policy from purely ‘look east’ (USSR/ the arms we buy. The government policies by the GoI based on the Russia) to ‘look west’ (USA/Europe) is trying to bridge this anomaly and evidence of experiences of previous and now to a more diversified group create an improved environment initiatives, wide circulation, and of countries (Israel /South Korea). for us as a nation to take a quantum stakeholder review, has been a Between 1990 and 2019, India leap into high technology defence landmark achievement, which bought the most defence weapons production. must be lauded. globally and is ranked 38th in arms exports (mainly to countries like POLICY ENVIRONMENT IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, etc.). The government has of late taken AND INSTITUTIONAL WHY HASN’T INDIA’S several consolidated policy initiatives ARRANGEMENTS like reviewing and promulgating ATMANIRBHARTA IN DEFENCE a new defence acquisition policy – Although criticised by some IMPROVED? the Defence Acquisition Procedure quarters for being overly ambitious (DAP) 2020 (October 2020) which and lacking commensurate It’s not that we do not have the bans a list of 101 items from import, institutional and pragmatic money, as we are the largest military gives priority to ‘Buy Indian’ and financial support, these policy spender iin the world today after the incentivises technology acquisition initiatives, if implemented in sync United States and China. However, though Defence Offsets, Strategic with our envisaged integrated it’s time that we stopped asking ‘Why Partnerships (SPs), Design and capability development plan, will haven’t we fared better?’ and focus Development (DRDO, DPSUs and push India closer towards its twin on answering the question ‘How can OFB), Innovation for Defence goals of achieving ‘Atmanirbharta’ we fare better?’ Notwithstanding the Excellence (iDEX), Technology and ‘exports in Defence’ and constant of ‘corruption in defence Development Fund (TDF), becoming a strong national power. deals’, the major reason why India promoting MSMEs & start-ups to Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath being briefed upon the infrastructural development towards state’s defence industrial corridor In terms of process optimisation,

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adversaries? At the outset, it is of institutionalise it? Why are we most promising value proposition infrastructure and processes to OTHER utmost importance to align our preparing for conventional wars in terms of basic infrastructure, feed and support this ecosystem. OBJECTIVES defence strategic planning process when the threat is hybrid? supporting industry, talent pool, We need to understand that a US OF THE DPEPP with our defence technology 2. Creation of Defence and institutions, existing industry (HAL, DARPA like structure without the INCLUDE AN acquisition and development Aerospace Corridors / BEL, ECIL, BML, TATA, Mahindra, help of associated institutions like INCREASE IN programme and strategy. At Ecosystem: Just as a fledgling Leyland, L&T, Bharat Forge, SCO (Strategies Capabilities Office), present the defence planning start-up needs a business Kirloskar, TVS, many others…..), DIU (Defense Innovation Unit), DOMESTIC structure is neither inclusive incubator / accelerator, the Indian Real Estate/Infrastructure AFC (Army Futures Command), ARMS SALES of all the relevant stakeholders defence industrial base (DIB) Developers, Armed Forces AFRL (AF Research Laboratory), TO RS 170,000 nor integrated at the strategic, needs a conducive defence and Training Institutions/Operational ONR (Office of Naval Research), CRORE BY 2025, operational and functional levels aerospace eco-system to attain the Commands/ Test Ranges (Army, and such organisations would be WITH AROUND of governance and implementation. DPEPP 2020 vision of making India Navy, Air force), Science and incomplete. Should we then, in the ONE-FIFTHS The Raksha Mantri’s Operational ‘amongst the leading countries of Technology Institutions (IITs/ Indian context, always fall back OF IT – RS Directives and not a formal National the world in defence’. The creation IISc/NITs…), Major Labs (DRDO, to examine the ISRO and Atomic 35,000 CRORE Security Strategy document still of a defence and aerospace ISRO, BARC), a multitude of 3,000 Energy Commission models or – COMING provide the guidelines for defence ecosystem / corridor costs billions plus SMEs developed by DRDO, should we endeavour to build up THROUGH planning. The sole reliance on of dollars and decades to mature, DPSUs, ISRO & BARC, presence of our own DARPA like institutional EXPORTS. THE Light Combat Aircraft LCA Mk II in Final Weapons Trials a Defence Planning Committee, but stands out as generational global majors, etc. It is time that the arrangements to support the POLICY ALSO SHQs/DRDO’s Technology steps in a country’s history. The country leverages this ecosystem. ecosystem? the policies include strict timelines What the defence industry Perspectives and advice to the RM Private Sector adds immense value; The UPDIC will have to overcome While there is merit in INTENDS TO and clauses to cater for a wide really needs is assured orders, will not allow us to progress at the but governments both central and several challenges before it can giving priority to identified key MAKE INDIA ON THE NEED variety of contingencies to ensure which though given to DPSUs/ rate our collective national talent states need to have skin in this benefit from a similar ecosystem. development sectors, making A “GLOBAL TO REDUCE accountability and fair play without DRDO/OFB (e.g. LCA, Aakash, and capability may allow. There is game. This is a real challenge in At present, the Defence and them autonomous and/or placing LEADER IN THE CURRENT compromising on integrity. Dhanush, Arjun, etc.) is still not also constant debate the world over our country. The Private Sector Aerospace Corridors of TANDICO them under the direct purview CYBERSPACE HIGH IMPORT Multi-layered Trial Evaluation, being given in equal measure to the on making smart choices in defence shies away because government and UPDIC have extended of the PM, too many overly AND AI DEPENDENCY, preferably through dedicated private sector, as incentive enough planning and acquisition. policies are not consistent and incentives and concessions centralised structures may make TECHNOLOGIES organisations like Trial Wings in for them to get fully energised This can only happen if we major programs are tied to DRDO through a plethora of subsidies, development imbalanced and limit THE DRAFT each Training Establishment, has and mobilised. To break the glass open up our archaic institutional & DPSUs with minimal private including an Offset Multiplier open innovation. India currently DPEPP 2020 also been recommended in the ceiling of ‘Atmanirbharta’ in high- mechanisms and have objective sector traction. of x2 for IOPs established in the imports more than 80% of its IDENTIFIES DAP 2020. technology defence systems will debates before deciding to invest DRDO and DPSUs do add corridors. However, the FDI or precision scientific instruments 13 SETS OF require an extraordinary effort in ugly sums of money on say – a immense value but they certainly acquisition of technology through for space projects and fear of this WEAPON both thought and action. It’s time we nuclear triad, given that we already have limitations and need the new policy initiatives has still not dependence led to the creation of SYSTEMS/ STRATEGIC THOUGHT & took courage to think strategically have a ‘second strike capability’; private sector to bring talent, fructified to the extent expected. IN-SPACe (Indian Space Promotion PLATFORMS VISIONARY ACTIONS and adopt creative business or ponder over 110 imported money, and global reach. The Perhaps, we should analyse and Authorisation Centre). Perhaps, (INCLUDING models to try new approaches fighter jets over indigenously MoD had announced two defence and build our own institutional we can invigorate the defence FIGHTERS, However, there is one major to technology development and manufactured variants of such corridors – one around HELICOPTERS, area where we are still taking acquisition. We have the capability aircraft like LCA MK2, AMCA and the other in Uttar Pradesh WARSHIPS, tentative and incremental steps but need the will to mobilise our (Advanced Medium Combat in 2018. The corridors overlap MISSILE to promote indigenisation in high- minds and vast pool of national Aircraft); or not reprioritise UAVs / with existing defence public and technology defence capability. talent and resources in order to UCAVs, precision hypersonic SSMs private sector companies already SYSTEMS, This area is our weak strategy achieve self-reliance in defence in or DEW (Directed Energy existing in the corridor. The AMMUNITION implementation capability. The an accelerated time-frame. Weapons) over manned aircraft; Uttar Pradesh Defence Industrial AND incremental increase in Indigenous UCVs (unmanned combat vehicles) Corridor (UPDIC) has six nodes at EXPLOSIVES) Content (IC) from 30 per cent to 50 IDEAS AND APPROACHES over MBTs (Main Battle Tanks)… Lucknow, Kanpur, Agra, Aligarh, WHOSE per cent to 60 per cent in various and are they really ‘main’ in Chitrakoot and Jhansi. The Tamil DEVELOPMENT categorisation schemes and the 1. National Defence Technology today’s context? Also, who will Nadu Defence Industrial Corridor AND lack of quantification in terms of Acquisition & Development watch the horizon or look into the (TANDICO) has five nodes at MANUFACTURE specific indicators or timelines Strategy: How do we ensure that future for transformative defence Chennai, Hosur, Salem, Coimbatore, WOULD for achieving self-reliance and we provide the right incentives technologies and capabilities and Tiruchirappalli. COMMENCE export capability is indicative of and triggers for innovation of using AI/ML, robotics, quantum The decision to build a LATEST BY 2025 the lack of commitment and clear high-technology systems to ensure computing, cyber, or such other defence and aerospace corridor resolve to achieve milestones that our integrated capability constantly evolving means? Should in the southern states (Andhra, through resource commitment and for defence is built on time and we leave it to happenstance, Telangana, Tamil Naidu, collaborative accountability. remains ahead of that of our or MSMEs or iDEX or can we Karnataka, Kerala) presents the BrahMos II ER supersonic under development trials

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DRDO AND industrial eco-system through high-technology indigenous cost, supports the retention of the systems on its own in future, DPSUS DO the setting up of similar support development in defence as has critical capabilities of portability, which will give independence in ADD IMMENSE institutional arrangements for the been proved in several open scalability, and interoperability of capability building. VALUE Defence Industrial Corridors (DIC) architecture activities in western forces/equipment/training and While there is merit in BUT THEY to encourage the participation of countries. Modular Open Systems logistics chains. Currently, there enhancing the involvement of the private players. Architecture (MOSA) or Open are several open architecture private sector, that should not cast CERTAINLY Also, institutionalised initiatives Systems Approach is a technical and activities in the EU/EDA, UK, USA, aspersions on or be linked only HAVE like open innovation competitions business strategy for designing an NATO, etc. in areas of vehicles/ to the LCA program. The LCA has LIMITATIONS amongst companies/consortiums affordable and adaptable system. platforms, communication devices, also given India options to build AND NEED with the award of a defence A MOSA is the US DoD preferred soldier systems, etc. The creation LCA Mk-2, AMCA & UCAVs. There THE PRIVATE contract as the prize may boost method for implementation of of a Defence Industry Standards is news that the IAF is tendering SECTOR TO participation. We may also make open systems, and it is required by through a MOSA like working another 114 aircraft costing BRING TALENT, the policy of co-location in the United States law. group will support interoperability, an upfront $15 billion with an industrial corridor more flexible Given the nascent stage at which portability, scalability and make estimated lifetime support cost of MONEY, AND INS Vela at launch at Mazagon GLOBAL REACH. by allowing a graduated process the private defence industrial base products and services equally approx. $82 billion. The IAF plans Dock Shipbuilders Ltd THE MOD HAD of obtaining defence orders first in India is, this approach would available to the public under fair to acquire 450 fighter aircraft for ANNOUNCED and relocating with benefits in promote collaborative research, and reasonable terms. deployment on the northern and TWO DEFENCE phase two, so as to encourage rapid design and prototyping, 4. Building Up Sector-Specific western frontiers of the country we look at capitalising on this SP Model, we are way behind our existing private MSMEs. Other and afford equal opportunities over the next 35 years. Shouldn’t experience to promote exports in major adversaries. This should be CORRIDORS – Ecosystems/Parks: Aviation, initiatives may include the opening to defence firms in the DIB. The Maritime and Land: The LCA is the government or MoD think it ship and submarine construction? addressed through the synergy of ONE AROUND of Regional Academic Centres for open-architecture approach to a great step forward after almost prudent to channel most of these The eco-system for land buying high technology through TAMIL Defence and Aerospace like the technology development, as the six decades of India inducting the monies into the programme for warfare systems has similarly the efforts of strategic partnership NADU AND RAC-S for Space at IIT (BHU). In name suggests, replaces the SQR HF-24 during the late 1950s. HAL the evolving Tejas series of aircraft been growing around armament, with technology providers as well THE OTHER fact, cross functional technologies with an open-architecture with has emerged as system integrators – Mk-II, AMCA (advanced medium wheeled, tracked and amphibious as investing heavily in research IN UTTAR like AI, robotics, autonomous common standards, which is with indigenous content being 50 combat aircraft), or building vehicle establishments. There is and development through PRADESH IN devices, quantum computing, the outcome of a preliminary per cent, which will increase to 60- UCAVs/UAXs, etc.? a clear desire to convert these to an accountable public-private 2018 big data, etc should be given consortium project. Once the 70 per cent with time. On the other A possible solution to speed up high mobility and /or autonomous partnership open innovation direction and impetus through open architecture is evolved, hand, India has been manufacturing development in the aviation sector and integrated platforms, which model. We must also stop trying to such institutional arrangements. it is demonstrated and/or (assembling) foreign aircraft since with the least amount of changes envisages a conversion of several play ‘wake up and catch up’ with 3. Adoption of an Open promulgated to the DIB to use the 1960s. However, it had to go would be the establishment of an high-end technologies or cross- the Dragon, but rather evolve our Architecture Technology for design and development of back to OEM as well as pay heavily Aeronautics Commission. JS, MOCA functional technologies. Our own innovative means of hybrid Development Approach: systems by individual companies for upgrades – be it the MiG-21, in one of the webinars mentioned design of aerospace and defence warfare, focussing on space, cyber, The Common Standard Open- or consortiums. An open MiG-29, Su-30, Mirage-2000 or the that India is going to establish a sector specific parks should DEW, UAXs, and newer methods Architecture approach to architecture approach apart Jaguar. This would not be the case National Aeronautics Board that hinge on a shared pool of such of combat. technology development is another from setting a high-technology with LCA as India would be able would be headed by the Prime cross-functional technological One factor which belittles our interesting way to promote common standard and reducing to integrate sensors and weapons Minister. If this happens, it would innovations and resources. efforts and confidence as a nation be a great step to fill the gaps in is the ‘constant of corruption’. the aeronautics ecosystem and END NOTE Time and again we see lucrative stimulate aeronautics research, defence capital projects shift out development, and manufacturing. Even though we are taking several from the ‘Design and Make in India’ Similarly, under the Naval steps to move closer to our goal bravado to the sad reality of mega P75 program, the TOT to Indian of ‘Atmanirbharta’ in defence, ‘Buy (Global)’ Tenders architected shipyard and industry has been the singular intent should not be by the import lobby. It’s perhaps extensive and encompasses acquisition of high technology time we changed this ‘constant’ transferring manufacturing arms but rather acquisition of by not weighing ourselves down capabilities and expertise in quality high technology itself. In spite of with more gold in our individual control for several tasks. This our endeavours to acquire high- pockets, but by putting our nation has resulted in qualification of end defence technology through before self! skilled local manpower. Today multipliers on value of discharge India is one of the few countries obligations (x3 and x4) given –The writer is an alumnus of NDA, DSSC and CDM and is currently based in Germany where that has mastered the complete in the Offset Policy, increasing he works as a defence research and strategy chain of submarine construction FDI from 26 per cent to 49 per consultant. He is an active member of India’s Science, Indigenous Technology and Advanced and is at par with most other cent to 74 per cent, and other Research Accelerator (SITARA) - a not for Ghatak UCAV and AMCA, Projects under development international shipyards. Can means of incentivisation like the profit organisation

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The second trend is related to developments in the global arms market: It has become a “buyer’s THE SECRETS OF ISRAEL’S MILITARY market”, in which the willingness of Israeli arms manufacturers (under government auspices) to sell modern systems, including those based on advanced technologies, has RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT increased. Against this background, The Israeli defence industry is based on cultural and role was derived from restrictions it was also decided that only a and embargoes imposed by other unique self-development, which organisational elements that allow innovation, daring, and countries, such as France, on the supply is not offered for sale in the world advanced research and development of weapons and military equipment market and can be hidden until to the IDF. The defence industry use on the battlefield, can provide By DR. EYAL PINKO was tasked with developing combat a surprise element that may be systems, platforms, and technologies crucial in future warfare. Israeli Anti-ship Missile on a maritime security mission srael is ranked eighth in world arms exports, and in relation to its population, to assist the IDF, especially in the face With the American willingness Israel is the largest arms exporter in the world. There is an extensive defence of the arms race conducted by the Arab to provide Israel with its security and diverse number of products. industry in Israel, which began to develop even before the establishment of countries in the region. needs and financial aid to purchase Anti-tank missiles, anti-ship the state (in May 1948). Over the years, defence production has become a The original technologies and weapons in the United States, missiles, anti-missile interceptors, prominent component of the industrial sector in Israel. The defence industry developments were designed these trends have changed the precision rockets, smart bombs, market in Israel is controlled by three major companies (IAI, ELBIT, RAFAEL), to achieve improved weapons technological developments and tanks, lasers, sensors, satellites, I but more than 300 other companies operate alongside them. performance that exceeded or at least the defence industry’s role since satellite launchers, unmanned equalled the caliber of the enemy’s the 1980s. aerial vehicles, unmanned ground weapons. The defence industry has and maritime vehicles, special The Israeli defence industry production of weapons. From the 1970s, a different begun to play an essential and operations vehicles, ships, and is intended to address the Israeli The development of the defence approach was adopted, which gave significant role in Israel’s economic much more. defence system’s unique security industry in Israel was full of technological options a role in development and its economic The defence industry’s needs, especially the Israeli Defence upheavals and contradictions. It was implementing changes in warfare structure, including developing foundation began as a real security Forces (IDF). Arms embargoes established to meet local security doctrine and the perceptions of advanced technologies for the need for developing systems and were imposed on Israel at various needs. However, in recent decades, warfare. civilian market. Defence exports platforms to protect the State of times due to economic pressure very little of the defence industry’s The new technologies and systems began as a secondary activity Israel and enable its freedom and from Arab countries, mostly on output is related to meeting the brought not only improved weapons designed to balance domestic sovereignty. The defence industry is European countries. Those IDF’s needs. In fact, more than 90% and tactics, but also better warfare demand fluctuations and to lower based on cultural and organisational embargos were among the main of the defence industry products are doctrines and more efficient force development and production costs elements, which allow innovation, motives for Israel’s large investment intended for foreign customers. operations. As a result of these the for the IDF. However, over time it daring, and advanced research and in research, development, and Initially, the defence industry’s forces’ structure was influenced has grown to dimensions that place development. – in terms of their armament Israel among the world’s largest Culturally, the secret and equipment, their operational arms exporters. components of the Israeli defence Aero Anti-ballistic Missile at launch in an Israeli territory objectives and the capabilities they What, then, is the secret of the industry are: recognise the various operational, could fulfill. Israeli defence industry and Israeli Most of the engineers, technological, and logistical needs Two complementary trends military technologies? researchers and marketing and requirements from their have supported the IDF’s growing Here we will now analyse the managers in the defence industry own experience. Technological reliance on advanced technologies and unique spices and ingredients that are former military personnel development based on deep innovative self-development. make up the secrets of the Israeli in the IDF and served in military personal knowledge of the The first trend is the diverse defence industry’s innovation service for at least three years. Most battlefield will be reflected in security-industrial base that has grown, successes. of the managerial and marketing the solutions it offers in terms of and the advanced technological skills personnel started working in the operational insights, technologies, demonstrated, has dispelled doubts defence industry after long service training, logistics, and the like, and strengthened the recognition of THE SECRET OF THE ISRAELI and senior ranks in the IDF and the leading to improved systems and the local industry’s ability to offer DEFENCE INDUSTRY POWER security services. products. innovations that would give the IDF The Israeli defence industry’s In addition, IDF officers, impressive force multipliers and The Israeli defence industry development is based on engineers and operations personnel Israel-developed Anti-tank Guided Missile operational capabilities. develops and manufactures a large engineers who understand and are integrated into the industry’s

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development teams and stationed capabilities. right to offer development ideas to soldiers, systems operation, the new and innovative technologies has become the spearhead of THIS UNIQUE in the production facilities. These The second cultural element cope with problems and operational platform, the environment, and in the defence industry. the economy and is a livelihood CULTURE OF officers manage the IDF projects is developing an organisational gaps or improve operational and the technological intelligence. And finally, the last element source for many Israeli citizens. THE ISRAELI from the inside, defining the system and personnel culture, which technological capabilities. The technological intelligence is the strange combination of Israel’s defence industries engineering and the system’s encourages IDF officers and the In this regard, it should be noted presents the existing and emerging the fruitful competition between develop and manufacture DEFENCE specifications from all aspects, and defence industry members to think that there is great openness in threats that are expected to the defence companies and the aircraft, ships, autonomous INDUSTRY even taking part in the development creatively, think outside the box, the IDF to accept and assimilate appear on the battlefield. occasional cooperation between tools, intelligence systems, ALSO process itself. dare, try and test boundaries and new technologies that provide Operational engineering occurs them. This combination exists cyber, satellites, missiles, and SUPPORTS This approach allows for deeper capabilities. solutions to operational problems in all development stages – needs thanks to the Ministry of Defence advanced armament. All of these PLURALISM, dialogue and understanding of This culture is also reflected in and technologies that change and requirements specifications, encouraging it. The defence combine the best technologies ACCEPTANCE the current and future needs and the relatively great freedom that perceptions, doctrines, and systems specifications, research industries understand that and operational and technological requirements of the systems under junior engineers and young officers especially mindsets. and development processes, collaborations promote sales. capabilities. OF FAILURES, development, thus improving enjoy to carry out research activities This culture also supports experimental and testing processes, Each side brings its strengths and The secrets of the growing RENEWED the system’s capabilities and and proof of concept studies in pluralism, acceptance of failures, and even the most essential technologies to be integrative, prowess of the Israeli defence ATTEMPTS, performance in all aspects. parallel with their day-to-day tasks renewed attempts, and learning. stage – the systems training and sophisticated, and advanced industry’s R&D processes are AND Moreover, the defence industries’ while performing their duties. Without these components, the assimilation phase at the operational combat systems. based on an organisational LEARNING. joint work with the IDF (and This culture creates energy and wheels of creativity and innovation and technological levels. culture that promotes pluralism, WITHOUT academia) produces identification motivation among all personnel cannot be driven. Of course, Israel’s security arena SUMMARY creativity, daring, allowing for and closeness between the to find sophisticated solutions The last aspect in the secret of and the proliferation of fighting in mistakes and learning processes; THESE stakeholders and creates a higher to problems and find technology the Israeli defence industry’s unique the region allow Israeli weapons Israel has an extensive and all this combined with the COMPONENTS, motivation among the industry’s development ideas. For example, ingredients is the understanding to be tested under combat and advanced defence industry, which practical knowledge of engineers THE WHEELS engineers to develop better in the IDF and industries, everyone, that without technological solutions operational conditions, not includes more than 300 different from industry along with OF CREATIVITY products with more advanced from juniors to seniors, reserves the and innovation Israel will not just in laboratory conditions. companies. The Israeli defence military personnel enable the AND survive the emerging threats, given The accumulated operational industry’s roots lie in the days development of unique systems INNOVATION its size and political inferiority vis-à- experience is applied in all aspects before the founding of the state and technologies. vis the Arab countries and terrorist of systems development and when the Jewish community in The corporate culture is based CANNOT BE organisations. improvements. This is a significant Israel defended itself against the on the guidance and control of DRIVEN This sense of mission is also an factor in developing weapons for Arab terrorist attacks and acted the Ministry of Defence, which essential factor among development future generations and upgrading against the British Mandate. encourages competition as well engineers in the defence industry. existing weapons and systems. The significant accelerating as cooperation, along with huge The first prime minister of the State The second element is the factor in the development of government budgets invested of Israel, David Ben-Gurion, said military and security research and Israeli defence industries was in the defence industries, which in 1957 that “every soldier in the development processes, most of the French embargo in the late support the development of ideas, IDF should know that the entire which are managed by one central 1960s and early 1970s, when technologies, and solutions. campaign hangs on his shoulders.” body, MAFAT (DDR&D – The Charles de Gaulle’s administration These budgets are in addition On the managerial-organisational Directorate for Defence Research suspended sales of aircraft, missile to the research and development side, several elements can be and Development). MAFAT boats, and other weapons to budgets that the various IDF specified. operates under the Ministry of Israel, given Arab pressure and arms – the Navy, the Air Force, the The first element concerning the Defence, with huge budgets, whose France’s dependence on Arab oil. Intelligence Corps, and the Army professional level and development entire functions are to examine The Israeli defence industry was – invest in developing combat processes touches on one of the technological infrastructure, required to develop technologies systems and platforms. main specialisations developed invest in technology research and systems that would help the Despite the many challenges, in the Israeli defence industry. and development, and invest in IDF deal with the threats and the Israeli defence industries have It is systems engineering, which the defence industries innovation, massive force potential of Arab constantly evolved and innovated combines operational elements, even if they do not reach technical armies, equipped with the best to enable the IDF and the defence intelligence, and understands or operational maturity. technologies of the Soviet Union. establishment to deal with future operational gaps and requirements. MAFAT also examines and Since then, the Israeli defence threats to Israel’s security. funds research to integrate civilian industry has developed and, in THE OPERATIONAL ENGINEERING technologies, from the best Israeli recent decades, joined the ranks –The writer is a former commander served in high-tech and start-up companies, of the eight largest arms exporters the Israeli navy for 23 years. A PhD in Defense and Security Studies, he was a senior consultant Operational Engineering, in a in future combat systems. in the world, even though its at the Israeli National Cyber Directorate. He is holistic point of view, is taking MAFAT’s budgets and the population is about nine million a recipient of various Israeli awards including Prime Minister’s Decoration of Excellence. (Clockwise from top left) Rafael’s Smart Bomb, Elbit Systems’ HERMES 900 UAV, An Israeli satellite launcher into consideration the military Israeli Ministry of Defence’s and its economic resources are The views expressed are personal and do not system and New Precision Rocket System campaign conditions, the combat assistance are fuel for developing limited. The defence industry necessarily reflect the views of Raksha Anirveda

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Although India obtained substantial as well as collectively represent a world India’s relations with Afghanistan Soviet military and economic aid, which of historical links, shared legacies, are healthy and there is cooperation in helped to strengthen the nation, India’s commonalities as well as diversities economic, technical and cultural fields. influence was undercut regionally and that are elaborately reflected in their India applauded the UN-sponsored SEE-SAW TIES: INDIA AND ITS internationally by the perception that ethnic, linguistic, religious and political Geneva Agreement on Afghanistan in its friendship with the Soviet Union fabric. China and Myanmar, the other two 1988. India recapped its stand for an prevented a more forthright disapproval neighbours, are no less complex. independent, non-aligned Afghanistan. of the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. In The South Asian region is also full With Bangladesh, India shares a common the late 1980s, India developed relations of inconsistencies, disparities and tradition and has helped Bangladesh in DOZEN NEIGHBOURS with the US, other developed countries paradoxes. In the post-colonial period, the rescue of cyclone victims in 1985. and China, while continuing close ties South Asia has been a theatre of blood Even though Bangladesh’s relationship In the rapidly changing international scenario, India is fast emerging as a regional power with the Soviet Union. Relations with spattered inter-state as well as civil wars. with India has been difficult in terms of developing international influence and a prominent voice in global businesses. India has also its South Asian neighbours, especially It has witnessed liberation movements, irrigation and border disputes post 1976, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, occupied nuclear rivalry, military dictatorships and India has nevertheless maintained a been playing an important role in various regional groupings like SAARC, BIMSTEC and BRICS much of the nation’s energies. continues to suffer from insurgencies, favourable relationship with Bangladesh In the mid-1990s, India drew world religious fundamentalism and terrorism, even during governments formed by the By SRI KRISHNA the widespread protests and rioting in attention towards the menace Awami League in 1972 and Bangladesh during and after Modi’s visit. of terrorism supported by 1996. ou can change friends, but not neighbours,” these famous words of However, in the rapidly changing Pakistan in Kashmir. The India’s ties with Bhutan former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Parliament in 2003, hold international scenario, India is fast Kargil War resulted in a major have been friendly and this good in today’s prevailing scenario in India’s neighbourhood. Having to emerging as a regional power with diplomatic victory for India. has been strengthened recently share land and sea borders with 12 nations, India has seen several ups international influence and a prominent The US and European Union with India helping Bhutan in and downs in its ties with these neighbours. India’s position is unique voice in global businesses. India has (EU) recognised the fact that industry development in the in that it shares borders with all other South Asian nations unlike any been playing an important role in Pakistani military had illegally field of telecommunications, other South Asian nation (except Afghanistan and Pakistan). various regional groupings like SAARC, infiltrated into Indian territory hydel survey, education and “Y comprising South Asian nations; BIMSTEC, and pressured Pakistan to forestry. Historically, there comprising East Asian nations; as also withdraw from Kargil. Several have been strong ties with Prime Minister Narendra Modi has with New Delhi while emphasising on BRICS, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, anti-India militant groups India since the two countries visited all the neighbouring nations with strong economic and cultural relations China and South Africa. India’s Foreign based in Pakistan were signed a friendship treaty five visits to China as Prime Minister between Indian and Nepal. Policy has always regarded the concept labelled as terrorist groups in 1949, where India would and four as Chief Minister of Gujarat, With the world’s eighth largest of neighbourhood as one of broadening by the US and EU. After the support Bhutan in foreign with the last visit to China being on military expenditure, third largest concentric circles, around a central axis disastrous terror attack in relations. June 9-10 to Qingdao to attend the SCO armed force, seventh largest economy of historical and cultural commonalities. New York on 11 September For many years, Indo- Summit. Chinese President Xi Jinping and third largest economy in terms Millions of people of Indian origin live and 2001, Indian intelligence Myanmar relations were has visited India thrice, in September of purchasing power parity, India is work abroad and constitute a vital link agencies provided the US with strong due to cultural links, 2014, October 2016 and for an informal indeed emerging as a major regional with the mother country. An important significant information on prosperous commerce, summit with Modi at Mahabalipuram in power. And undeterred by the ongoing role of India’s foreign policy has been to Al-Qaeda and related groups’ common interests in regional October 2019. Covid-19 pandemic, Modi has continued guarantee their welfare and well-being activities in Pakistan and Afghanistan. besides serious problems associated with affairs and the presence of a significant Ironically, there is tension with China to maintain cordial relations with India’s within the framework of the laws of their India’s extensive contribution to the drugs and human-trafficking. Indian community in Myanmar. on the northern border in Ladakh along neighbours, visiting these nations adopted country. War on Terror, along with a surge in SAARC has been in existence for However, after the February 1 the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and it several times in the pre-pandemic times. Apart from Indians working abroad, its economy, has assisted its diplomatic over two decades, yet South Asia is military coup in Myanmar this year, continues to simmer despite 10 rounds Modi has visited Bangladesh twice, with people from Nepal and Bangladesh have relations with several countries. considered the least integrated of India has been walking a tightrope of talks (11th round slated for April 9) to the last one being in March this year to also been coming to work in this country, so India has always championed the the global regions. This is despite the and what is indeed causing concern resolve the border tension between the celebrate the 50th anniversary of that it is indeed a case of mutual understanding. cause of peace in the world. Being a large stipulation in its Charter that “bilateral is the large number of Myanmarese two giant Asian nuclear powers. After nation’s independence from Pakistan in In the decades of the 1960s and country, India has a long border and and contentious issues shall be excluded” refugees pouring into the Indian border four visits to the Himalayan kingdom which India played a key role. The visit 1970s, India’s international position many neighbours. It has traditionally from its deliberations, thus making it states of Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh of Nepal, relations with that country coincided with the assembly elections in among developed and developing maintained welcoming and good possible to put the contentious issues and other northeastern states. And soured over the issue of maps, and Assam and West Bengal (Indian states countries faded in the wake of wars with neighbourly relations with each of on the back burner and focus on areas disallowing their entry at the border surely all this calls for extra diplomatic sharing borders with Bangladesh) China and Pakistan, disputes with other them. Countries in India’s vicinity include of possible cooperation. On the positive posts is also causing strain in relations efforts to cement ties. where the National Register of Citizens countries in South Asia, and India’s Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, side, the region has been registering good on the domestic front between the Centre Recently, former Nepal Prime (NRC) and the Citizenship Amendment effort to balance America’s support Burma, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan and growth during the past several years. and the states in India. The country has Minister Baburam Bhattarai assured Act (CAA) were contentious issues to Pakistan and China by signing the Nepal. These neighbourhood countries Also democratic forms of governance are to tread a very sensitive path.. India that Kathmandu is not leaning among the migrant populations, Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and are members of the SAARC grouping. beginning to gain some ground in most towards China and wants good ties which perhaps were the cause of Cooperation in August 1971. The constituent countries individually parts of the region. The writer is Consulting Editor with the publication

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Defence Minister Rajnath Singh with his South Korean counterpart Suh Wook at a delegation-level talks in New Delhi INDIA-SOUTH KOREA STRATEGIC COOPERATION IN THE DEFENCE DOMAIN There is a growing synergy and complementarities between South Korea’s New Southern Policy and India’s Act East Policy. Therefore, India and Korea need to be more WHY INDIA AND KOREA SHOULD defence equipment which is as in India-Korea strategic shows Russian arms exports, efficient as East Asian countries partnership. which accounted for 20 per aggressive on defence deals to HAVE MORE DEFENCE TIES? like China specially in the Defence Minister Rajnath cent of all exports of major become dominated strategic backdrop of recent Sino-Indian Singh opened a new roadmap arms in 2016–20, dropped by partners in the Asia Pacific India and Korea looking for a border standoff at Galwan valley for bilateral cooperation in 22 per cent. The bulk around strong strategic relationship in Eastern Ladakh. South Korea arms industries in the mid of 90 per cent of this decrease was that will reduce the security and China’s defence equipment 2020. The then South Korean attributable to a 53 per cent fall By DR BHUSHAN KUMAR AND SANGEETA YADAV dependence on the big powers have similar scientific Defense Minister Jeong Kyeong- in its arms exports to India. like China and the US. India for its advancements. During the doo and Rajnath Singh held ndia-South Korea strategic relationship: Brief introduction: defence and security requirement faceoff, India and China’s heavy talks in New Delhi where they SINCE MAY 2015, INDIA – SOUTH Paradigm shift in the geopolitics of the Asia Pacific has resulted has largely been dependent artillery and other military pledged closer defense industry in strategic policy making by many regional powers. Since May upon major arms suppliers from equipment moved along the cooperation. KOREA, OFFICIALLY KNOWN 2015, India – South Korea, officially known as Republic of Korea Russia, US and Israel. At the same Line of Actual Control (LAC) at AS REPUBLIC OF KOREA (ROK), (RoK), bilateral relationship has been upgraded to a ‘Special time, India is looking for other Galwan valley. India requires INDIA-ROK DEFENCE COOPERATION, BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP HAS Strategic Partnership’ which gave synergy to have stronger ties defence suppliers because of over- advanced military defence in the field of defence. Another two milestones one each from dependency on the traditional technology like China, and the AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF BEEN UPGRADED TO A ‘SPECIAL both India and South Korea -- India’s “Act East Policy (AEP)” and allies and trade war between Republic of Korea can fulfill INTERNATIONAL ARMS TRANSFERS STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP’ Korea’s “New Southern Policy (NSP)” have provided a high level big powers, and so is the reason India’s need that can boost WHICH GAVE SYNERGY TO HAVE of strategic interactions between both the nations. Under ‘Special India looks for cooperation with Indian Army’s capabilities on Traditionally, India’s arms Strategic Partnership’ both nations looking for more defence ties fast-track defence deals with the border. The South Korean import has been dependent STRONGER TIES IN THE FIELD I to bolster the relationship. like-minded countries like South advance defence arms supply to upon the Russian suppliers. OF DEFENCE Korea. India is in search of similar India can provide new synergy However, a recent global trend

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Percentage Main recipients (share of exporters Share of arms exports (%) change from total exports in %), 2016–20 Exporter 2011–15 to 2011–15 2016–20 1st 2nd 3rd 2016–2020 1 United States 37 32 15 Saudi Arabia (24) Australia (9.4) South Korea (6.7) 2 Russia 20 26 -22 India (23) China (18) Algeria (15) 3 France 8.2 5.6 44 India (21) Egypt (20) Qatar (18) 4 Germany 5.5 4.5 21 South Korea (24) Algeria (10) Egypt (8.7) 5 China 5.2 5.6 -7.8 Pakistan (38) Bangladesh (17) Algeria (8.2) 6 United Kingdom 3.3 4.6 -27 Saudi Arabia (32) Oman (17) USA (14) 7 Spain 3.2 3.5 -8.4 Australia (33) Singapore (13) Turkey (9.7) 8 Israel 3 1.9 59 India (43) Azerbaijan (17) Vietnam (12) 9 South Korea 2.7 0.9 210 UK (14) Philippines (12) Thailand (11) 10 India 0.2 0.1 228 Myanmar (52) Sri Lanka (24) Mauritius (13) Source: SIPRI EXPORTERS OF MAJOR ARMS AND THEIR MAIN RECIPIENTS South Korean K-30 Biho tank (2016-20) to improve its market share in important strategic deals in down enemy planes and There is a notable development India. From the Korean side the the Asia Pacific region. Defence drones at low altitudes. In which shows India’s arms contract involves exporting 104 Minister Rajnath Singh had DefExpo 2020, South Korea import has been decreased by Biho systems, 97 ammunition announced US$3 billion promoted Biho and a statement 33 per cent between 2011–15 carriers, 39 command vehicles, contract for Self Propelled Air was issued from Korean side and 2016–20. The reason behind 4,928 missiles, and 172,260 Defence Gun Missile System stating: “We are awaiting the drop in India’s arms imports rounds of ammunition, bringing (SPAD-GMS). The SPAD-GMS results, since the Biho was the is its complex procurement the contracts’ total value to contract has created fierce only system that satisfied the processes combined with an between 2.5 trillion won and 3 competition between Korean performance requirements attempt to reduce its dependence trillion won. arms maker Hanwha Defence set by India, and agreements on Russian defence equipment. In recent years defence and its Russian competitor. were reached between both collaboration between India India has planned to reduce countries’ ministers.” and Korea was reflected in K9 the dependence on Russian IN RECENT YEARS DEFENCE Vajra-T guns, which is a US$720- arms and the SPAD-GMS deal PROBLEM WITH INDIA-KOREA COLLABORATION BETWEEN INDIA million deal between Indian was given to South Korean India is planning large-scale INDIA-KOREA DEFENCE company Larsen & Toubro (L&T) company Hanwha Defense. But, DEFENCE COOPERATION AND KOREA WAS REFLECTED IN arms imports in the coming and South Korea’s Hanwha following the Russian objection K9 VAJRA-T GUNS, WHICH IS A years from outside its traditional AGREEMENTS Techwin (HTW). Another deal of shortlisting the South Korean India is the second-largest US$720-MILLION DEAL BETWEEN suppliers. Therefore, it’s a good is K9 Vajra-T, which is a self- company, the decision of the arms importer in the world opportunity for a country like Under India-Korea Special propelled howitzer. The total SPAD-GMS project is under and it accounts for 9.5 per INDIAN COMPANY LARSEN & South Korea to increase its arms Strategic Partnership, the South weight of K-9 Vajra-T is 50 consideration, which defines cent of the total global share TOUBRO (L&T) AND SOUTH KOREA’S export to India. A recent survey Korean defence industry has tonnes and can fire 47kg bombs the future India-Korea Strategic after Saudi Arabia (11 per HANWHA TECHWIN (HTW). KOREAN conducted by SIPRI shows South ambitious plan to sell US$2.6 at the targets 54 km away. Partnership. cent). South Korea was the Korea’s arms exports were 210 billion worth of anti-aircraft Korean firms are also building This controversy erupted ninth-largest arms exporter FIRMS ARE ALSO BUILDING per cent higher in 2016–20 than artillery. The Korean defence minesweepers and ‘Biho’ self- on SPAD-GMS deal has also in 2016–20 with a 2.7 per MINESWEEPERS AND ‘BIHO’ in 2011–15. companies are keen to the propelled anti-aircraft defence threatened the export of K30 cent of the total global share. SELF-PROPELLED ANTI-AIRCRAFT Changes in volume of major Indian arms market which is system, which is under the ‘Make Biho by the Korean government However, India’s import from arms exports by the 10 largest second largest arms importer in in India’ policy. and Hanwha. The Biho has the South Korea is far lagging DEFENCE SYSTEM, WHICH IS UNDER exporters between 2011–15 and the world. Seoul administration The rise of Korea’s arms capability of short-range anti- behind Russia (49 per cent), THE ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ POLICY 2016–20: also looking for more arms deals supplier to India is one of the aircraft artillery and shooting France (18 per cent), and

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INDIA, SOUTH KOREA DEFENCE MINISTERS EXPLORE Chairman Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) Dr G Satheesh Reddy AVENUES TO STRENGTHEN LONG-STANDING formed part of the Indian delegation during the talks. Before the bilateral delegation BILATERAL DEFENCE PARTNERSHIP level talks, Rajnath Singh and Suh Wook jointly inaugurated the ew Delhi. Defence broadened significantly in scale promote lasting peace and India-Korea Friendship Park in a Minister Rajnath Singh and scope across Tri-Service stability in the region and beyond. ceremony to mark the occasion and Minister of Defence as well as agencies dealing As brought out by the Defence at Delhi Cantonment. The park of Republic of Korea with defence technology and Minister during interaction with is a symbol of close relations N(RoK) Suh Wook successfully industry. Both the countries have his South Korean counterpart, between both the countries and concluded their bilateral talks on also found common ground on the bilateral relations between acknowledges the contribution defence cooperation in New Delhi several multilateral fora and both the countries are set to grow of the Indian Army’s Medical on March 26. engagements. further and the meeting between Mission during the Korean War. The defence and security Both the Ministers exchanged them will give it the necessary The presence of distinguished engagements between India and views on the impact of COVID-19 impetus to take it to the next guests from the Korean War RoK have grown exponentially pandemic on the defence and level. Veterans Association during over the last few years. The latest security engagements as well The Ministers also expressed the inauguration ceremony talks explored new domains of as best practices followed by satisfaction over the commitment during the ongoing pandemic. of Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral was an acknowledgement of bilateral defence cooperation the Armed Forces of the two exhibited by diverse agencies This has kept up the momentum Karambir Singh, Chief of Air Staff the event. Both the Ministers and avenues to strengthen the nations. During the talks Singh of both countries to sustain of bilateral defence engagements. (CAS) Air Chief Marshal RKS planted a sapling each to mark long-standing bilateral defence also lauded stellar contribution of structured annual dialogues The Armed Forces of both Bhadauria, Chief of Army Staff the momentous occasion. Suh partnership. RoK in the pandemic mitigation at various levels of leadership countries hope to approach 2021 (COAS) General MM Naravane, Wook felicitated Korean War The two leaders efforts. through virtual means when with renewed confidence. Secretary (Defence Production) Veterans Association of India acknowledged that the bilateral They reaffirmed their support travel and physical engagements Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) Raj Kumar and Secretary General Secretary Anil Malhotra defence cooperation has to multilateral initiatives to became increasingly challenging General Bipin Rawat, Chief Department of Defence R&D and on the occasion.

DEFENCE MINISTER RAJNATH SINGH ANNOUNCED US$3 of the prime examples that show stronger positioning in the space dominated Russian lobby inside sector. There is also a need of BILLION CONTRACT FOR SELF PROPELLED AIR DEFENCE GUN the Indian defence deal. Indian stronger bureaucratic systems MISSILE SYSTEM (SPAD-GMS), WHICH CREATED FIERCE side must choose the rational way which can help in strengthening COMPETITION BETWEEN KOREAN ARMS MAKER HANWHA of defence deal to have better and India-Korea defence cooperation. modern technology that fulfills DEFENCE AND ITS RUSSIAN COMPETITOR. POST RUSSIAN the interest of its armed forces. OBJECTION, THE DECISION OF AWARDING THE CONTRACT TO CONCLUSION HANWHA IS UNDER CONSIDERATION WHICH DEFINES THE There is a growing synergy and BUREAUCRATIC CHALLENGES complementarities between South FUTURE INDIA-KOREA STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP The success story of the India- Korea’s New Southern Policy and Korea defence partnership has India’s Act East Policy. Both policies Israel (13 per cent). India and PRESSURE FROM TRADITIONAL ALLIES been slowed down because aim to look for a more strategic the Korean government can AT INDIA’S DEFENCE DEALS of bureaucratic challenges to partnership. The recent high-profile work together to enhance the understand the Korean defence visits from both sides have boosted arms cooperation between both From the Cold war era, India industries. India must understand India-Korea defence cooperation. K-9 Vajra the nations. India and Korea’s has been dependent on Russian what kind of Korean defence In 2020, Defence Minister Rajnath arms deal are suffering from arms imports. Dominated Russian products are good to use and Singh intensified the India-Korea and more collaborations in the partners in the Asia Pacific.

few challenges like India’s lobby is creating a barrier for project its strategic positioning bilateral and strategic relationship future between the two countries. –The author is a Lecturer at Department of inability to leave its traditional new defence partners like Korea. through Indian Armed Forces. at both the macro and micro levels. India and Korea need to be more Political Science and International Relations, Kookmin University, South Korea and the arms supplier and bureaucratic The delay of the SPAD-GMS deal From the Korean side also, it is The agreements signed during the aggressive on defence deals to co-author is a strategic affairs expert presented limitations. between India and Korea is one necessary to understand India’s visits raised our hope to see more become dominated strategic her papers at various international forums

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and therefore they have to sign A full spectrum of Training and to serve two years, which is Simulation Systems for Air, Ground and Naval platforms the normal service period and another eight months. Some years ago the MTC was upgraded to allow F-15 pilots to use it. Until this upgrade, the MTC could be used only by F-16 pilots. The upgrade allows F-15 pilots and weapon systems operators, to train in very realistic conditions. The MTC allows to train crews of exact versions of fighter aircraft operated by the IAF, F-16 C/D and F-16 I, and F-15 C/D and F-15 I. “The cockpit of each version is built with attention to each specific system in it.” The different simulation Israeli Air Force F-16C cockpits are rolled in and Falcon jet fighter pilots out according to the specific training session. REALISTIC SIMULATED BATTLEFIELD MODEL: The MTC is based on a very advanced “arena generator” that is being updated continuously A FULL SQUADRON according to the enemy, his ARRIVES AT capabilities and the threats THE CENTER A STURDYWAY TO TRAIN ISRAEL AIR FORCE posed by him. ON A REGULAR While the MTC is the BASIS FOR The combat pilots begin to train in the simulators center immediately after peak of the IAF’s simulation TRAINING. they finish their initial training and get to their specific squadrons infrastructure, in recent years WHEN THEY other building blocks have SIT IN THE By ARIE EGOZI been added. SIMULATORS, simulators - one that helps “The enemy continues to THE the pilots to learn about the progress, both in technology INSTRUCTORS, he canopy of an Israeli air force (IAF) F-15 flew off when the aircraft aircraft they fly and a mission and force operation. They are 20 YEARS OLD WOMAN was at 30.000 feet. The pilot and weapon systems operator, managed to simulator.” becoming more and more up IN THEIR bring the damaged aircraft to a safe landing in a base in southern Israel. Each of the IAF’s fighter to date as time goes by, and the COMPULSORY This happened after being exposed to extreme temperatures. A Lt Col, aircraft has a dedicated train in the simulators center train the pilots and prepare them variety of tools at their disposal ARMY SERVICE, Commander of the IAF’s connected simulators squadron, was very clear simulator - F-15 C, F-15 I and immediately after they finish for specific missions. is challenging,” emphasized OPERATE THE when I asked him about the outcome of losing the canopy “they knew F-16 and F-16 I. their initial training and get to A full squadron arrives at the Col, Head of the Training SIMULATION. exactly what to do and that is because they have been trained again and The simulator is a copy of their specific squadrons. the center on a regular basis Department. “As a result, the “THESE ARE again, in our advanced simulators.” a real cockpit and is located “There are situations that for training. When they sit in IAF continues to advance and THE CREAM T DE LA CREAM, in big domes. The single cannot be simulated in real flying the simulators, the instructors, develop. We are planning our simulators are operated in “said the Lt Col. 20 years old woman in their training so as to be able to AND THEY When I visited the IAF’s in the world. front of a 180 degrees picture The IAF, that in recent compulsory army service, handle a constantly changing HAVE A MAJOR connected simulators facility The mission training center projected on the dome, while years performed hundreds of operate the simulation. “These enemy. Our training program CONTRIBUTION TO THE in the Hazor airbase, I could (MTC) has been built in 2010, the connected simulators, the operational combat missions are the cream de la cream, and focuses on activity during times SUCCESS experience the uniqueness of after a decision was made to ones that simulate real combat in neighboring countries like they have a major contribution of uncertainty – that is, operation OF THE this special squadron that has concentrate all the combat missions, are operated in a 360 Syria and Lebanon, and in some to the success of the stimulation.” in a theatre in which we don’t STIMULATION” a major role in making the IAF simulators in one place. video dome. distant ones, is relying on a major The training of the simulator exactly know how the hostile combat pilots among the best “We have here two types of The combat pilots begin to infrastructure of simulators to instructors takes eight months forces operate. We need to know

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Elbit Systems Remote Simulation Through Cloud Services Demonstration THE MTC how to adjust to a situation in leader in Simulation and This generation of simulators PROVIDES real-time”. Training, developing, fielding enables to link two air training REALISTIC The MTC provides realistic and operating advanced training simulators, in remote locations, SIMULATED simulated battlefield training systems for fighting aircrews, via a cloud-based simulation BATTLEFIELD using a variety of aircraft ground forces, special-forces environment by providing a TRAINING systems and mission scenarios and first responding forces, common Synthetic Natural USING A and utilizes a sophisticated working closely with the IAF and Environment (SNE). VARIETY OF computer generated forces (CGF) additional defense forces and The company revealed it AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS solution to enable simultaneous homeland security authorities in developed the ability to connect AND MISSION participation of friendly and several other countries. simulators through a secure SCENARIOS enemy forces. Speaking with IAF technical simulation cloud, using standard AND According to Alon Afik, VP people and pilots they all point protocols, to provide simulation UTILIZES A training and simulation at to the contribution of Elbit and information services. SOPHISTICATED Elbit systems, the MTC is being systems to the huge simulation The pilots of the IAF F-35 COMPUTER- upgraded all the time “this is infrastructure of the IAF. are using an advanced mission GENERATED needed as new weapon systems They agree that blending simulator that was built in the FORCES (CGF) are introduced into service in combat experience with IAF’s Nevatim airbase. This SOLUTION addition to new versions of today’s innovative simulation simulator was supplied by TO ENABLE avionic systems.” technologies, Elbit Systems Lockheed Martin with the dome SIMULTANEOUS PARTICIPATION He added that the use of offers operational and tactical, made by Rockwell Collins. OF FRIENDLY the MTC saves 30 per cent of virtual and embedded trainers The Israeli F-35 is combat AND ENEMY flying hours and that is why and simulators. proven, after taking part in FORCES the IAF will soon perform 50 Elbit Systems announced the war against the Iranian per cent of training flights in some years ago that it operations in Syria. the facility. completed the first phase of a -The writer is International Roving Elbit Systems is a market next generation development. Correspondent of this publication.

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Pratt & Whitney, a Raytheon (IAF) is looking at the Airbus engines have powered the others, worldwide in general P&W IS PROUD Technologies company, C295 light transport aircraft United States Air Force’s (USAF) and India in particular? TO POWER manufactures a variety of that’s powered by our PW127G We are the makers of engines including for military engines, while the Indian Navy is for the past 40+ years. The latest the most advanced SOME KEY and civilian purposes. However, considering the Sikorsky S-76D upgradedentire operational F100-PW-229 fleet of hasF-15s a engines in the world – including PLATFORMS the use of civilian engine has helicopter, with our PW210S fully modular architecture that FOR INDIA’S gained more popularity over its engines, for the Naval Utility ensures ease of maintenance ARMED FORCES, military counterpart. Is it related Helicopter (NUH) program. and incorporates leading-edge generationof F119 for the F-22aircraft. fighter andIn INCLUDING THE F135 for the F-35, the only fifth to company’s policy decision The PW100 family of engines technologies in materials, commercial aviation, the GTF BOEING C-17 over the years keeping in mind has delivered reliability and cooling and health management, takes center-stage for us. The the future strategy to tap the civil versatility in any environment, including some advanced 5th engine powers more than 900 GLOBEMASTERS aviation market as a leader? while the PW210 engine family generation technology. We are aircraft for nearly 50 airlines and THAT FLY ON Your take? has been instrumental in shaping also proud of the fact that the three aircraft families – the OUR F117 Pratt & Whitney has long a new generation of helicopters iconic PT6A engine powers Airbus A320neo, Airbus A220 ENGINES, AS focused on building a worldwide. We believe that both India’s indigenous NAL-SARAS and Embraer E-Jets E2. This WELL AS THE balanced portfolio of engines that engines will give India’s armed MkI transport aircraft. game-changing engine has PT6A-POWERED power nearly all facets of aviation. forces the right capabilities for delivered on its promised ability Every segment we compete in, from their respective platforms. How do you see P&W’s to reduce fuel burn and carbon PILATUS PC-7 commercial to military, to civil/utility engine market, in dioxide emissions by up to 20 MKII TRAINER aircraft, we are leaders in the space. Boeing’s F-15EX is competing competition with GE per cent versus previous- FLEET Pratt & Whitney has supported forWhen the 114 it comes Medium to warfighters, Multi-Role Aviation, Rolls Royce, generation aircraft. India’s aviation growth for more Combat Aircraft campaign for Honeywell Aerospace and Closer to home, the GTF than seven decades. More than 1,500 the IAF. Pratt & Whitney’s F100 CFM International and engines and APUs power over 680 aircraft for 120+ operators – across powered fleet of A320neos commercial, military and civil/ utility aviation. In fact, IndiGo and GoAir operate 185 Pratt & Whitney Geared Turbo Fan GTFTM powered A320neos, and India was one of the

the GTF. The engine has now powered first countries worldwide to adopt

efficient, economic and sustainable flying for five years. WE HAVE THE LARGEST FOOTPRINT OF ANY ENGINE MAKER IN THE COUNTRY, SAYS P&W INDIA MD

shmita Sethi is the Managing Director and Country Head of When it comes to defense, we are Pratt & Whitney India (P&W India), a Raytheon Technologies proud to power some key platforms company, based in New Delhi. Prior to joining P&W India one and for India’s armed forces, including half years ago, she was Director, Communications & Corporate Affairs, the Boeing C-17 Globemasters that Boeing. Ms Sethi has also worked with Rolls-Royce as Vice President, Communications & Public Affairs South Asia. the PT6A-powered Pilatus PC-7 In a candid conversation with Ajit K Thakur, Editor, Raksha fly on our F117 engines, as well as Anirveda, P&W India Country Head explains about the company’s Of course, there are other modern future course of action in facilitating Indian Armed Forces, Civil platformsMkII trainer which fleet. India is looking at, A Aviation sector and developing India as an MRO hub. Edited excepts: which are Pratt & Whitney powered. For example, the Indian Air Force

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PRATT & worldwide. It is a world leader capabilities. That’s exactly why we WHITNEY IS GTF operators in the world. It was in the design and manufacture expanded our global network to ALIGNED TO THE thanhas crossed110 million two millionpassengers, flight purelypartner a –commercial and was one decision of the forfirst a of next generation propulsion include AIESL. hours in India. It has flown more GOVERNMENT’S and saved 120 million gallons tranche of engines. technology. It has a global ‘MAKE IN Now, if you look at commercial network of maintenance, India has now emerged customers recognize the superior repair and overhaul (MRO) as the third largest INDIA’ VISION of fuel in the past five years! Our and cost have always been top and Military Sustainment domestic aviation market in OF A GLOBAL deliver – and are prioritizing prioritiesaviation infor India, airlines. fuel That’s efficiency why Services (MSS) facilities the world. By 2024, it is MAINTENANCE, operatingfuel efficiency their that theseGTF-powered engines Indian airlines took to the GTF focused on maintaining expected to overtake UK to REPAIR AND aircraft before any others. We early, and the engine family has engine readiness for the become the third largest air OVERHAUL have the largest footprint of any delivered on its promise. The GTF company’s customers. Do you passenger market, which in (MRO) HUB IN engine maker in the country, and have any plan to have such no uncertain terms will COUNTRY. WE further with the same fuel load, facility in India in near term? increase the demand both for WELCOME THE lets our customers not only fly At Pratt & Whitney, we civilian carriers and aircraft GOVERNMENT’S Prattone in & everyWhitney two engines. people flying in routes, while delivering an engine offer a comprehensive engines. What is your future MEASURES India, fly on planes powered by dispatchbut also takereliability more efficientrate of 99.98flight engine repair and overhaul strategy to grab most of AND ARE P&W, one of the biggest per cent. services and support that is Indian civil aviation market? OPTIMISTIC OF geared turbofan (GTF) As the industry ramps up backed by a global, state-of-the- engine suppliers in the world, recovery, the need for more art service network of owned and F135, PW800, PT6 and THEIR POSITIVE has multiple OEMs as designated facilities. GTF enginesWe firmly are believeengines that of the IMPACT customers, who in turn power economical air travel will be Our customers’ operational future. We continue design and fleets for airlines like IndiGo moreefficient, important sustainable than ever. And and success and mission readiness deliver next-generation engine “WE ARE ENCOURAGING INDIAN START- and GoAir, etc. With the that’s why we will continue to depends on reliable engine technologies and manufacturing twin-engine Bombardier Q400s change of engines in A320neo advance the engine with further performance, predictable breakthroughs; while constantly thatpowered SpiceJet the firstoperated, 90 passenger and our UPS TO CREATE NEXT-GEN AEROSPACE for IndiGo, what impact we improvements in fuel burn and maintenance, planning and innovating advanced materials, PW100 engines power more than SOLUTIONS AS PART OF THE RTX may witness? Your responsive support. Even in India, 70 ATR and Bombardier/Viking INNOVATION CHALLENGE AND WE viewpoints. GTF, we are just getting started, intelligence and emerging digital with Alliance Air, IndiGo, SpiceJet CONTINUE TO GROW OUR PARTNERED We are the only engine andoperational Pratt & Whitney efficiency. will With be ready the suite of engine sustainment technologies.aerodynamics, bigThe data, GTF artificial will and TruJet. company with geared for what the industry needs next. solutionsour sizeable support fleet the and Indian growing Air continue to power the Indian Regional operators will require INVESTMENTS IN SUPPLY CHAIN, turbofan technology in service, Force’s mission readiness. SUSTAINMENT, R&D AND ENGINEERING” and that puts us years ahead of Over 7,000 P&W military Throughout 2020, we next few decades, delivering the connectivity affordable, and we – Ashmita Sethi, Managing Director & Country Head, other engine makers. IndiGo is, engines are in service expanded GTF MRO network advantageairline fleets our efficiently customers over need the to willcost-efficient be there to aircraft help operators to make in Pratt & Whitney India and remains a valued long-term with 34 armed forces to nine facilities, and we will grow rapidly. meeting their goals. have 11 active GTF MRO engine Regional Aviation is another MRO sector to make it more centers by 2021. We announced frontier that’s expanding, and we Lastly, what’s your view inclusive and competitive – the Air India Engineering Services have seen recently seen airlines on Ministry of Civil efforts will provide a strong Limited (AIESL) as a provider of open up new routes rapidly. Aviation’s (MoCA) policy operational ecosystem in the near maintenance services in support Regional connectivity serves a initiatives towards civil future. of GTF operators in India in vital role in building economies aviation sector? Do you think Meanwhile, we continue to build 2020. We have strong history of and connecting families – and there is more to catch up for on our ‘Make in India’, ‘Skill India’ partnership with AIESL, and for globally, Pratt & Whitney didn’t the sector, please elaborate? and ‘Start-up India’ programs. over 20 years, AIESL has been just invent the Regional Aviation Pratt & Whitney is aligned Our Pratt & Whitney Customer performing overhaul services on market, we changed the industry to the government’s Training Center in Hyderabad is legacy engines, such as the JT8D, and people’s lives! Our PW100 ‘Make in India’ vision of a global JT9D, & PW4000. and PW150 engines maintenance, repair and overhaul skilling programs with state For us, establishment of an power more than 3,200 regional (MRO) hub in country. We governmentsundertaking significant and universities aerospace aircraft engine MRO in India aircraft globally. That’s nearly welcome the government’s in-country. We are encouraging 90 per cent of the 30-to-90- measures and are optimistic of Indian start-ups to create next- our engine support closer to passenger regional turboprop their positive impact. From gen aerospace solutions as part ouroffers customers, multiple benefits:it supports it brings the aircraft in operation! opening up of FDI to 74 per cent of the RTX Innovation Challenge government’s vision of developing We have been shaping the and 100 per cent on case-to-case and we continue to grow our India as a regional MRO hub, regional market and powering a basis for defence, and tax and partnered investments in supply and it enables us to leverage vast majority of turboprop aircraft policy reforms in aviation, to chain, sustainment, R&D and India’s skills into our global MRO in India as well. Pratt & Whitney focused efforts in growing the engineering.

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ecessity is the mother of invention may be an old saying but is a 100 per cent monocoque clearly that is how the ongoing pandemic Covid 19 has impacted moulded widebody airliner the aviation sector and as airborne disease safety must be at the that is a new generation forefront of any aircraft manufacturer’s design process, American of aircraft. The company’s technological improvements developed a new Green 264-seater widebody aircraft. turn the corner on efficiency, N startup based in Alabama SE (Super-Efficient) Aeronautics has sustainability, safety, comfort and operating cost. creates a comfort experience The aircraft has a range of that economy passengers have 10,560 miles and reducing CO2 yet to experience. production as measured by per Despite the impact of COVID seat kilometer by 80 per cent. landing (STOL) capabilities “THIS AIRCRAFT WILL BE THE MOST PRACTICAL, on aviation, sustainability Aircraft manufacturers have remains at the forefront of been using the same aircraft construction is all composite, PROFITABLE AND PERMANENT SOLUTION TO THE GROSSLY the industry’s focus. Outgoing design for the past 60 years, mouldedand extremely in one long tough, flights. safer The UNDERPERFORMING AIRLINER TECHNOLOGY OF TODAY. OUR CEO of the International with few exceptions. “Our piece. We also incorporated MANUFACTURING EFFICIENCY WILL ALLOW US TO PRODUCE Air Transport Association innovative technology and new super thin, long wings and (IATA), Alexandre de Juniac, aircraft design will lower fuel complete streamlining from AIRCRAFT IN SIGNIFICANTLY LESS TIME THAN THE CURRENT pegged sustainability as the consumption by 70 per cent the nose to the tail. We did it TRADITIONAL METHOD. BUT THE JEWEL IN THE CROWN IS biggest challenge facing his and lower CO2 emissions by all,” says Lloyd Weaver, Chief successor, Willie Walsh, once 80 per cent as measured by per Engineer, SE Aeronautics. REALLY OUR ABILITY TO GET THAT FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE the industry gets back to some seat kilometer. The innovative This disruptive new design DOWN BY 70 PER CENT. WE ARE GOING TO REVOLUTIONIZE sort of normal. is also expected to double the As such, multiple lifespan of an aircraft, while THE INDUSTRY” stakeholders are developing greatlydesign isimproves a more efficient, lift over light-drag, reducing overall block hour Tyler Mathews, CEO of SE Aeronautics new technologies and resultingtri wing in configuration short take-off thatand cost by half when compared strategies to reduce aviation’s to other aircraft its size. With lifespan that is double that of and permanent solution to impact on the environment. an emphasis on safety, the a traditional aircraft. the grossly underperforming So far, these solutions have SE AERONAUTICS, THE design is made of one solid- Propulsion will airliner technology of today. revolved around new engine LEADER IN SUSTAINABLE AIR moulded piece of fuselage be delivered by two technology, new construction TRAVEL TECHNOLOGY, HAS that is many times stronger will allow us to produce materials, and new ways of ANNOUNCED THE LAUNCH than existing aircraft. The fuel mounted at the rear, which Our manufacturing efficiency superefficient engines powering aircraft. But what if OF ITS NEW WIDEBODY is not stored in the wings but the company says will give less time than the current This aircraft has a new the aircraft, as we know it, is in self-sealing bladders on it a thrust of 64,000 lbf. SE traditionalaircraft inmethod. significantly But the “once-through” air feed ready for a radical redesign? AIRLINER CONCEPT, SE200, top of the fuselage and in the Aeronautics has considered jewel in the crown is really ventilation system that never SE Aeronautics, the leader A 264-SEATER WHICH IS A event of emergency landing cargo, too, with a ‘state- our ability to get that fuel recirculates air in the cabin, in sustainable air travel 100 PER CENT MONOCOQUE of-the-art bulk container consumption rate down by dramatically reducing the risk technology, has announced MOULDED WIDEBODY The SE200 promises system’ and a maximum 70 per cent. We are going to of exposure from other infected the launch of its new AIRLINER THAT IS A NEW over water, the aircraft floats. takeoff weight of 170,000 lb. revolutionize the industry,” passengers. This, coupled with widebody airliner concept, GENERATION OF AIRCRAFT cost of operation, increased “This aircraft will be the said Tyler Mathews, CEO of SE their new “tilting” seat design, SE200, a 264-seater which passengermore efficient safety, flight,and a useful lower Aeronautics.

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SOUTHEAST ASIA AVIATION MARKET WELL 22 ROUTES INAUGURATED AND OPERATIONALISED POSITIONED FOR RECOVERY, SAYS BOEING FORECAST UNDER UDAN ingapore. Boeing anticipates airlines in Southeast Asia will need 4,400 Southeast Asia. new airplanes valued at $700 billion to support expanding demand for Overall, Boeing forecasts New Delhi. In a constant endeavour to air travel over the next 20 years. The intra-Southeast Asian market will regional demand for 760 new connect the unconnected regions, 22 widebodies by 2039, enabling new routes have been operationalised and regional air-travel network across the region positions it well for in the last three days under the UDAN abecome post-pandemic the fifth largestrecovery, in theaccording world by to 2039,Boeing’s and 2020the vast Commercial domestic network growth for Southeast scheme out of which six new routes S Market Outlook (CMO). Asia’sefficient airlines. replacement While and long-haul versatile have been operationalised in North- East India, a Ministry of Civil Aviation press statement said on March 31. SOUTHWEST AIRLINES ORDERS 100 BOEING 737 MAX With low-cost carriers The operationalisation of these providing affordable service routes aligns with the objectives of and added capacity, the CMO UDAN scheme to strengthen the JETS, PLUS 155 OPTIONS aerial network of the country, create SEATTLE. Boeing and Southwest Airlines on March 29 announced the carrier will in Southeast Asia to grow by 5.7 affordable, yet economically viable continue to build its business around the 737 MAX family with a new order for 100 perprojects cent passenger annually traffic throughout growth and profitable air travel on regional airplanes and 155 options across two models. The deal comes after a multi-year fleet the forecast period. Through routes.Till date, 57 unserved and evaluation by Southwest and means that Boeing and its suppliers could build more than the period, Southeast Asia will underserved airports (including 5 600 new 737 MAX jets for the airline through 2031. become the second largest heliports + 2 water aerodrome) with Southwest had been exploring options to modernize the largest component of its aviation market in the Asia- 347 routes have been operationalised fleet: the 737-700 that serves the airline’s needs for a 140-150 seat airplane. With the under UDAN across the length and new agreement, the airline reaffirmed the 737-7 as its preferred replacement and growth Boeing projects the region’s breadth of India. airplane. The jet will complement the 737-8, which serves Southwest’s needs for a 175- Pacific region after China. On 28th March 2021, 18 new seat model. Both 737 MAX family members will reduce fuel use and carbon emissions by grow 5.3 per cent annually over routes were flagged off under at least 14 per cent compared to the airplanes they replace, helping to improve operating thecommercial next 20 airplaneyears. In fleetaddition, will the UDAN scheme. The routes costs and environmental performance. Southwest said the solution allows it to maintain demand for aftermarket that commenced operations were the operational efficiencies of an all-Boeing 737 fleet to support its low-cost, point-to- BOEING commercial services – valued at Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh) to point route network. The new purchase agreement takes Southwest’s order book to 200 ESTIMATES $790 billion – will help maintain Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) which is a 737-7s and 180 737-8s, more than 30 of which have already been delivered. Southwest OPERATORS WILL state supported UDAN route, Kurnool will also have 270 options for either of the two models, taking the carrier’s direct-buy NEED MORE “Southeast Asia’s Boeing estimates operators market recovery is expected to (Andhra Pradesh) to Bangalore commitment to more than 600 airplanes. The airline also plans additional 737 MAX jets THAN 3,500 NEW fundamentalthe fleet over thegrowth same period.drivers will need more than 3,500 new take longer, Southeast Asia’s twin- through third-party lessors. SINGLE-AISLE (Karnataka), Vishakhapatnam AIRPLANES IN remain robust. With an single-aisle airplanes in the (Andhra Pradesh), and Chennai THE REGION BY expanding middle-class and region by 2039. Single-aisle per cent – to 780 widebodies – by (Tamil Nadu), from Agra (Uttar 2039. SINGLE- growth in private consumption, airplanes like the 737 family 2039.aisle fleet The is region’sslated to commercialgrow by 55 Pradesh) to Bangalore (Karnataka) AISLE AIRPLANES the region’s economy has grown will continue to drive capacity aviation services growth remains & Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), BCAS, YIAPL SIGN LOA FOR CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY LIKE THE 737 by nearly 70 per cent over the growth in Southeast Asia, promising in the long term. from Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh) to New Delhi. A Letter of Agreement FAMILY WILL last decade, which increases where low-cost-carriers have Southeast Asia commercial Bhubaneswar (Odisha) & Bhopal (LoA) was signed between the CONTINUE TO propensity to travel,” said Darren the highest market penetration services are valued at $790 (Madhya Pradesh). In addition to Bureau of Civil Aviation Security DRIVE CAPACITY Hulst, Boeing vice president globally. billion over the next 20 years, a these routes, new flight connectivity (BCAS) and Yamuna International GROWTH IN of Commercial Marketing. “In Twin-aisle airplanes such as slight increase from last year’s was established from Private Limited (YIAPL) SOUTHEAST addition, governments in the the 777X and 787 Dreamliner projection, driven largely by (Assam) to Dimapur (Nagaland). in New Delhi on March 24. The ASIA, WHERE region continue to recognize the will remain foundational to growth in freighter conversions LoA defines provisions for civil LOW-COST- The Indigo airlines was awarded CARRIERS HAVE travel and tourism sectors as Southeast Asia’s air travel and digital solutions and analytics. the Shillong-Agartala, Shillong aviation security responsibilities THE HIGHEST important drivers of economic industry. Over the next 20 The region is expected to require – Silchar, Kurnool - Bangalore, and functions at the upcoming MARKET growth.” years, nearly one in four twin- 183,000 more commercial Vishakhapatnam, and Chennai routes international airport at Jewar, PENETRATION While near-term airplane aisle airplanes delivered to the pilots, cabin crew members and under the UDAN 4 bidding process Noida. The agreement letter was GLOBALLY deliveries are impacted as a aviation technicians over the last year. signed by Ankit Garg, Deputy result of the pandemic’s effects, will go to a carrier operating in forecast period. Director General, BCAS, and Christoph Schnellmann, CEO, YIAPL. broader Asia-Pacific region

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DOMESTIC CARRIERS GOVERNMENT APPROVES 34 GREEN ZONE SITES COLLINS AEROSPACE PRO AIRBUS TO BOOST “COLD” TECHNOLOGY TESTING CAN GIVE CONCESSIONS FOR NPNT COMPLIANT DRONE OPERATIONS LINE FUSION AVIONICS AS PART OF ITS DECARBONISATION ROADMAP FOR IN TICKET FARES TO UPGRADE PATH RECEIVES FUTURE AIRCRAFT oulouse. Airbus PASSENGERS HAVING NO FAA APPROVAL FOR CESSNA has launched “Advanced BAGGAGE OR ONLY CABIN CITATION CJ1+, OTHERS T Superconducting CEDAR RAPIDS, Iowa. Collins and Cryogenic BAGGAGE: DGCA Aerospace, a unit of Raytheon Experimental New Delhi. In what is surely good Technologies Corp. on March 23 powertraiN Demonstrator” news for those travelling by air announced its Pro Line Fusion (ASCEND) to explore the on the domestic circuit, domestic integrated avionics system for impact of superconducting flight operators are allowed to give Cessna Citation CJ2+ light business materials and cryogenic concessions in ticket prices to jets has been certified by the Federal temperatures on the passengers who carry no baggage Aviation Administration (FAA) with performance of an aircraft’s electrical Airbus will use ASCEND to explore or only cabin baggage, aviation the Cessna Citation CJ1+ light jet propulsion systems. the feasibility of these promising watchdog Directorate General of ew Delhi. Ministry of April 3 last year. As per Directorate certification soon to follow. Owners The introduction of superconducting technologies in order to optimise Civil Aviation (DGCA) has said in Civil Aviation (MoCA) has General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), now have a new aftermarket option materials can lower electrical propulsion architecture ready for a circular. granted permit to “No- “NPNT or ‘No Permission – No for taking advantage of NextGen resistance, meaning that electrical low-emission and zero-emission As per the current rules, a Permission-No-Takeoff’ Take-off’ compliance enables every airspace enhancements while current can supply power without flight. Results are expected to passenger can carry up to 7 kilograms (NPNT) compliant Remotely Piloted Aircraft (except adding the many other benefits of energy loss. When coupled with liquid show the potential for component of cabin baggage and 15 kilograms N drone operations at 34 Nano) to obtain a valid permission Pro Line Fusion when upgrading hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures weight and electrical losses to be of check-in baggage. Any additional additional green zones to through Digital Sky platform before from Pro Line 21. (-253 degrees Celsius) electrical at least halved, as the volume and weight is chargeable. The new rule facilitate, smoothen, and operating in India. This further Transport Canada Civil Aviation systems can be cooled in order to complexity of systems installation will allow the operators to provide promote drone operations in the allows non operationalization (TCCA) and European Union Aviation significantly increase the performance is reduced, as well as a reduction in tickets at lesser prices to those who country. The approved sites allow of drones prior to necessary Safety Agency (EASA) certifications of the overall electric propulsion voltage to below 500V, compared to opt to travel with no baggage or drone usage up to 400 ft Above approvals. Flying in these approved are targeted by the end of the year. system. current systems. only with cabin baggage within the Ground Level (AGL). These zones ‘green-zones’ will require only “We are bringing better permissible weight limit. are in addition to the 26 green zone intimation of the time and location situational awareness and reducing sites approved dated February 2 and of the flights via the Digital Sky pilot workload to Citation CJ INDIA MUST LEVERAGE GROWING AIR TRAFFIC TO ESTABLISH six green zone sites approved dated portal or the app. operators worldwide via a new flight management system that meets ROBUST AIRCRAFT LEASING INDUSTRY: CIVIL AVIATION MINISTER the latest equipment mandates, New Delhi. Minister of State (MoS) RUSSIAN U-UAP SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETES TRAINING OF INDIAN MI-171A2 PILOTS while also delivering cutting-edge for Civil Aviation Hardeep S Puri Ulan-Ude. The Ulan-Ude Aviation Plant performance to the flight deck,” said has stated that India must leverage (U-UAP) Training Center under the Christophe Blanc, vice president its growing air traffic to establish Russian Helicopters holding company and general manager of Business a robust aircraft leasing industry, (part of the Rostec State Corporation) and Regional Avionics for Collins which would finance new aircraft has successfully completed training Aerospace. “By leveraging Pro Line deliveries through its own policies a second group of foreign specialists Fusion across platforms, we have a and products. Addressing the India studying to operate and maintain the single solution that covers an entire Aircraft Leasing Summit 2021- Rupee Mi-171A2 helicopter. The pilots and family of aircraft.” Raftaar held in New Delhi on February engineering staff of the Indian company Each of the Sky One Airways LTD 26, Puri said that it is vital to develop Financial Services Centre Authority, Sky One Airways LTD were trained in personnel received an established this new line of business in India for Vandana Aggarwal, Senior Economic two groups.The foreign experts studied certificate for passing the training. financial services and add India on Advisor, M/o Civil Aviation, Uday the aerodynamics of the Mi-171A2, Among the trainees there were also the map of global financial centers for Shankar, President, FICCI, Remi its design and technical operation, specialists from the Indian Directorate international financial services. Maillard, Head of Airbus India, avionics, the VK-2500PS-03 engine with General of Civil Aviation, who conducted Pradeep Singh Kharola, Secretary, and stakeholders from the Indian its integrated digital control system and a preliminary inspection of the training Ministry of Civil Aviation, Injeti civil aviation sector and industry the auxiliary power unit. center for its validation. Srinivas, Chairperson, International members attended the event.

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“This Aero India is “Well, we (General “It’s very nice, being organised Atomics) are here it’s very good. Let AERO INDIA 2021: AN EVENT OF ACCOMPLISHMENT in the background and this one is a me tell you today, of the Corona fantastic show. different kinds of pandemic and We have had many products being FOR GOVT, A GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR START-UPS I must say the high-level visits deployed here from organisers — ever since” India...., start-ups, The decision of the Ministry of Defence, Government of India to hold Asia’s largest Department of Defence Production, and even up to all the foreign defence HAL, DRDO, all the PSUs — have Robert Schoeffling, Regional systems from different countries like air show in a hybrid manner – physical as well as virtual – was bold and timely. made it a very, very satisfying, well- Vice-President, International Senegal….Yes, overall experience Billed as the first-ever hybrid defence show in the world, the Aero India 2021 was a organised event of this edition in Strategic Development, is superb” Bengaluru” General Atomics successful event showcasing India’s prowess in the defence sector Vignesh Ranganathan, Technical Lead BrahMos Aerospace CEO and MD (Anti Drone Defence System), BBB By PK GHOSH Dr Sudhir Mishra Solutions

engaluru/New Delhi: Aero India 2021 was a very satisfying and (Anti Drone Defence System) a time when the world’s two well-organised event for Government of India (GoI) and its affiliate from a start-up named Big Bang largest air shows, namely the organisations, mainly the organisers – Department of Defence Boom (BBB) Solutions stated: Farnborough Air Show scheduled Production, DRDO and Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) “It’s very nice, it’s very good. for July 2020, and the Paris Air like Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL). Also, it proved to be a great Let me tell you today, different Show due in June 2021, were opportunity for start-ups as well. kinds of products being deployed cancelled due to the Corona B here from India...., start-ups, and pandemic, holding a physical air even up to all the foreign defence show with thousands of global One of the major attractions Hyper Stealth Technologies Pvt. systems from different countries visitors spending curtailed three of this year’s Aero India was Ltd, to name a few, were among like Senegal….so it’s a unique days seemed almost unlikely. the ‘Startup Manthan’ seminar, the awardees of the Defence experience for individuals to see The decision of the Ministry of specially organised to discuss and India Startup Challenge (DISC) what all the applications being Defence, Government of India to address the issues of start-ups under the Innovation for Defence utilised, and we could be able hold Asia’s largest air show in a and to facilitate their journey of Excellence (iDEX) scheme of the to grab up some of the things hybrid manner – physical as well unique innovation. The event Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD). which we would be able to use as virtual – was bold and timely. also felicitated the technological Sharing his experience in our own systems. Yes, overall Billed as the world’s first-ever innovations of a select few of Aero India 2021, Vignesh experience is superb.” hybrid defence show, the Aero startups. Zeus Numerix and Ranganathan, Technical Lead Asked whether he and India 2021 was a successful event his company participated in showcasing India’s prowess in the previous editions of Aero India, defence sector. India was the government organisers — Department of Ranganathan said, “No, this is the By organising the event announcing the single largest Defence Production, HAL, DRDO, first time we are participating in physically, the Government contract for Indian defence all the PSUs — have made it Aero India and for the first time also sent a clear message to the industry, by placing an order of a very, very satisfying, well- Big Bang Solutions being a start- world of defence and aerospace Rs 48,000 crore to manufacture organised event of this edition in up has set up a stall here. So, that with resilience and Covid 83 Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Bengaluru. If we had postponed it’s great.” compliance India is open for Tejas for the Indian Air Force it, we would have had to wait Commenting on recent business. Although it was curtailed (IAF). This was the government’s for another two years for it to government policies for to just three business days and ‘vocal for local’ pitch under the happen. So, we are very happy. promoting start-ups, the BBB the global industry participation Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. The place has been sanitised and Solutions Technical Lead said: was less in number, the overall Asked about the arrangements maintained very well to protect “It’s fantastic actually. So, they are comparative figure was not too at the start of the Aero India show, the health of participants. There is really helpful for us. Any queries bad given the global spread of the BrahMos Aerospace CEO and excellent security, excellent social are addressed as soon as possible pandemic. The state government MD Dr Sudhir Mishra said, “This distancing is being maintained. In which is a nice step.” of Karnataka too lent a big support Aero India is being organised in all, it is a very good experience.” Held in February, Aero in the overall conduct of the event. the background of the Corona On the government opening India 2021 was organised at One of the highlights of Aero pandemic and I must say the up the defence sector, including

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ONE OF THE export of the Akash missiles, About his experience of the HIGHLIGHTS and some countries evincing Show, he quipped, “Absolutely, OF AERO INDIA interest in the BRAHMOS missile, the crowd is friendly, the venue is Dr Mishra said: “There is a level great. It’s going to be top-notch.” PARAS TO BE INDIA’S FIRST INDIGENOUS ANTI WAS THE up to which our armed forces On being able to make any GOVERNMENT can use, consume the production headway in trying to convince the DRONE TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT COMPANY ANNOUNCING capability so it became imperative government (for GA products and Bangalore. Paras Anti THE SINGLE for the government to allow the solutions), the General Atomics Drone Technologies LARGEST export once the requirements RVP said: “We had many fruitful Private Limited is a CONTRACT of Indian armed forces are met. conversations at very senior levels subsidiary of Paras FOR INDIAN We have reached a point where in the government, and there can Defence and Space our Defence Minister has given be many forthcoming information DEFENCE Technologies Limited us a defence export target of exchanges back and forth. It has INDUSTRY, and aims to become US$5 billion and we feel that we been very valuable and has been BY PLACING the first indigenous would be able to contribute in working for us.” AN ORDER anti-drone technology achieving this target. Regarding Indian industry in general and OF RS 48,000 development the nations, it is the prerogative of the startups in particular were company in India. CRORE TO the Government of India to decide on the same page when they There is an MANUFACTURE the nations to whom we can spoke about the opportunities extensive adoption 83 LCA TEJAS export. So, we shall wait and see and benefits of the latest edition of commercial FOR THE IAF. who all are interested and how can of Aero India. Speaking about drones/ Unmanned THIS WAS we meet their requirements. Do his experience, Pawan Kumar Aerial Vehicles THE GOVT’s they have friendly relations with Chandana, CEO, Skyroot (UAVs) in plethora ‘VOCAL FOR us or not? So, it is just opening Aerospace, said: “It is my first of applications up and we will see how far we go time at Aero India, and it’s been LOCAL’ PITCH which increases in this and I can promise you on a fantastic experience. Also, we UNDER THE vulnerability to behalf of BrahMos Aerospace we had a lot of partnerships with ATMANIRBHAR UAV/ UAS based will certainly contribute quite a lot many complementary companies, BHARAT surveillance, in this objective.” and we are able to display all our INITIATIVE attacks and security Not only Indian, even the Atomics, said, “Well, we (General here, Schoeffling said: “General products and services to a lot breaches. “We at Paras Anti Drone Technologies focus on design, development global participants were full of Atomics) are here and this one is a Atomics is very proud to be in of people you know around the and integration of sensor system solutions to detect, track and neutralise the appreciation for the successful fantastic show. We have had many India working for the Army, Air world (Aero India 2021 being unauthorised flying objects and securing the airspace. Technology development conduct of the event. Robert high-level visits ever since.” Force and Navy. We look forward a hybrid show – virtual as well focus is in the areas of homeland security, military, border protection and Schoeffling, Regional Vice- On future prospects of General to them for many-many years to as physical) so that’s a great Special Forces requirements in India and around the world. The company offers President, International Atomics India business and its come as we work for SkyGuardian opportunity for us. First time you end to end system solutions from development to certification of Anti Drone Strategic Development, General collaborations with companies and SeaGuardian.” know, we are able to reach so systems as per customer applications. many people in a few days. We Paras’ portfolio offerings include sensor systems, control and command have a stall in Startup Manthan, centre, machine learning and Artificial Intelligence Intelligence (AI) based UAS a flagship event from the iDEX “Aero India “Irrespective of “Aero India 2021 classification pipeline. Paras offers broad range of portfolio in sensors going and we are able to display our is a platform the company has proven to be from smart spatial filtering antennas systems to SWaP-C counter UAS sensor products in the presence of the that fosters size, one can spot highly productive fusion of Electro Optical sensors, Detection and localisation RF systems, Defence Minister as well. So, it is collaboration innovation and and fulfilling for Micro doppler drone detection Radars and cognitive & selective jammers for a fantastic experience. Thank you.” among the leading technology as the us. It gave us an Anti-Drone operation with plug and play system modules. Flexible and open The Aero India 2021 was a private companies, common underlying opportunity to forge architecture command and control centre combining power of multi modal great meeting point for Indian start-ups and phenomena in new relations and sensors with jamming and cyber effects can take down drones effectively. and foreign participants. With government to solve the most complex all the solutions presented at Aero carry forth the existing relationships The company has collaborations with leading UAV Anti Drone Technology the Indian government focusing challenges for our nation. Being India. It was a great experience to to the next level. The kind of exposure firms and has expertise to design customer specific systems. Paras Anti on Atmanirbhar Bharat, the show a defence start-up, the exposure, connect with the best technical companies get here, especially start- Drone’s flagship items include specialised anti-drone decoy sense and jamming provided a platform for the Indian support and business opportunities brains in the country who all have one ups, is unparalleled in the defence solution for VIP convoy security applications. At Paras Anti Drone, we have defence industry to showcase we got here have put us miles ahead in vision in common - Making Bharat sector.” world class team of professionals and engineers developing and integrating Hi- its wares and also explore the making our vision a reality.” Atmanirbhar.” Tech solutions required. We work as OEM in Anti-Drone areas to customise and opportunities for tie ups with Rishi Desai, Sr Marketing & Growth build customer target solutions and fulfill customer requirements under Make foreign counterparts. Pankaj Raut, CEO, AjnaLens Abhishek Tomar, CTO, AjnaLens Strategist, AjnaLens in India initiative. Besides strict Covid-

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Procurement Process (FTP) apart from notifying a list of negative items to discourage imports and AS PART OF 70TH ANNIVERSARY encourage indigenous production and exports. Aero India 2021 also CELEBRATIONS OF SLAF, IAF TAKES witnessed the conduct of Global Chiefs of Air Staff Conclave by the PART AT AIR SHOW IN SRI LANKA Indian Air Force and the Indian Colombo. Indian Air Force’s aerobatic display teams, Ocean Region Defence Ministers’ the fixed wing “Suryakirans’ and rotary wing ‘Sarang,’ Conclave. along with Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas arrived With ‘Atmanirbharta’ in at Colombo, Sri Lanka, on February 27 on an invitation defence production being a from Air Marshal Sudarshana Pathirana, Commander key focus for the government, of the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF). Defence Minister Rajnath Singh The Suryakirans, Sarang and LCA Tejas participated has set a target to increase in an Air Show at Galle Face, Colombo, which was held defence exports to US$5 billion SCHIEBEL CAMCOPTER S-100 from March 3–5. The Air Show was organised as part ANOTHER (Rs 36,410 crore) by 2025. Not of the 70th anniversary celebrations of SLAF. IAF and UNIQUE only this, a plan is also afoot to SLAF have seen active exchanges and interactions DISTINCTION slash defence imports by US$2 PERFORMS MARITIME SURVEILLANCE for a number of years in diverse fields like training, OF THIS YEAR’S billion (Rs 14,564 crore) by the operational exchanges and through professional end of 2022. military education courses. AERO INDIA The Aero India event was FOR ROMANIAN BORDER POLICE IAF’s participation in the event is a further WAS THE graced by various dignitaries ienna. Austria-based helicopter UAV-manufacturing manifestation of the strong professional bonds that PRESENCE OF from across the world, with company Shiebel’s CAMCOPTER® S-100 has recently the two Air Forces share. The IAF Suryakiran Aerobatic THE SUPREME physical participation by 26 performed maritime surveillance activities for the Romanian Team (SKAT) had earlier toured Sri Lanka in 2001 COMMANDER countries and 14 others marking Border Police. The country’s border police operates the for the 50th anniversary celebrations of SLAF. As OF THE INDIAN their virtual attendance due to V CAMCOPTER® S-100 for the surveillance purposes. the IAF aircraft took to the skies of Colombo to mark ARMED the Covid constraints. With the the event, they scripted another significant chapter FORCES AND award of the biggest Make in in the traditionally strong IAF-SLAF ties. The ties got PRESIDENT India defence contract, the three- The Remotely Piloted and Bulgaria are part of the EMSA reinforced with the presence Chief of Air Staff (CAS) Air RAM NATH day mega event from February Aircraft System (RPAS) service awarded multi-year maritime Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria PVSM AVSM VM ADC. KOVIND compliance rules to follow for event displays the vast potential 3-5 concluded on a high note. is delivered by the European surveillance contract for a ACM Bhadauria was invited by Air Marshal Sudarshana DURING THE the visitors, the Health and of India, and the multifarious Another unique distinction Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) Vertical Takeoff and Landing Pathirana, Commander of Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF). Family Welfare Department opportunities that the country of this year’s Aero India was the and is also extended to Bulgaria. (VTOL) RPAS, awarded to As part of his visit, the CAS attended the inaugural VALEDICTORY of Karnataka government was offers in the field of defence and presence of Supreme Commander Stationed in Mangalia, the Schiebel in November 2018. In ceremony on March 3, during which a Flypast and FUNCTION closely monitoring and taking aerospace. of the Indian Armed Forces CAMCOPTER® S-100 supports the execution of this contract, Aerobatic Display was held. The air show at Galle OF ASIA’S stock of the situation from days As part of the run up to the President Ram Nath Kovind the Romanian authorities in Schiebel provides simultaneous Face Colombo saw participation by the IAF contingent LARGEST ahead and till the conclusion of mega event, the Defence Ministry during the valedictory function carrying out general Coast Guard maritime surveillance services comprising of Suryakiran & Sarang Aerobatic Display BIENNIAL AIR the event. conducted a series of webinars of Asia’s largest biennial air show. functions, conducting day-to-day to several EU member states Teams and Tejas LCA. The flypast, a significant event, SHOW Unlike the earlier editions, the from December 17 last year by The main objective of the monitoring and surveillance of all and EU bodies. Most recently, is a reminiscence of the IAF’s Suryakiran Display Team people of Bengaluru city along leading luminaries and themed latest Aero India air show shipping including port security, the CAMCOPTER® S-100 was performance at the Golden Jubilee celebrations of with others got the opportunity on contemporary defence and was the endorsement and as well as responding to any operational in France, Denmark, SLAF, two decades ago. to witness this edition in virtual aerospace topics. The webinars showcasing of India-designed search and rescue, accident and Finland and Croatia. mode to make way for the safe were streamed worldwide. and built helicopters and fighter disaster needs. Hans Georg Schiebel, Chairman in-person interactions between The changing global dynamics jets. Apart from the scintillating The S-100 executes these of the Schiebel Group, speaking global aerospace and defence and the latest border standoff aero show with IAF’s Rafale for various tasks equipped with on the development said: “Once businesses so as to forge with China have put India’s the first time, the major focus of an L3 Wescam Electro-Optical more, we are supporting local partnerships in the New Year. future course of action in an the 13th edition of the air show / Infra-Red (EO/IR) camera authorities with our ‘eye in the Addressing the inaugural altogether different gear. India, was to create a robust defence gimbal, an Overwatch Imaging sky’. The CAMCOPTER® S-100 ceremony of the biannual event, which was moving at a snail’s and aerospace ecosystem PT-8 Oceanwatch, a Becker has proven its outstanding which saw 601 exhibitors, pace in the acquisition of arms and through the government’s Avionics BD406 Emergency capabilities numerous times and including 523 from India and 78 modernisation of the armed forces, indigenisation, Make in India, Beacon Locator and an Automatic we are proud to be working with from 14 foreign countries, the has been acquiring weapons self-reliance and Atmanirbhar Identification System (AIS) EMSA on supporting EU member Defence Minister had said that the and platforms under Fast-track Bharat initiatives. receiver. Operations in Romania states with these vital tasks.”

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the Green Shied does. According to Amir Nadan, CEO of Safe Shoot, Green Shield is a system GREEN SHIELD: A SYSTEM BY SAFE SHOOT that prevents friendly fire and enhances the situation awareness of the shooter. “The wide range of sensors used by our system THAT PREVENTS FRIENDLY FIRE, ENHANCES ensures the highest possible safety standards.” Brig General (Res.) Nadan held very high-ranking positions in the SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF THE SHOOTER IDF’s Paratroopers Brigade and the Northern Command. The CEO added that using System as a whole can operate By ARIE EGOZI the system reduces the load on in stand-alone mode and can headquarters; created by the need easily be integrated with other n the coming months Israel defense forces (IDF) intend to test to coordinate between forces, and SafeShoot Concept Green Shield system developed by Israeli company Safe Shoot. The therefore release the HQ to other systems like aiming devices, unique system will be tested by new98 “Ghost” unit of the forces, more needed tasks. that weight 200 gram. The weapon close fire support, continuity of sights, observation or Command ACCORDING the multi-dimensional unit. The IDF is currently fighting the “war He explained that each mounted part can be mounted combat operations and improves TO SAFE and Control existing or futuristic between wars” – small operations to stop the enemies far and near, participant in a shooting activity on the weapon without having to tactical situation awareness in SHOOT, THE solutions. This flexibility that accumulating mass potential to perform major attacks against Israel. is equipped with a Green Shield remove the Rifle Combat Optic or different terrains even in urbanized This is achieved by attacks on shipments of Iranian made accurate device. Upon taking aim, the system Close Combat Optic. This allows and complex terrains. GREEN SHIELD knowing where your troops are missiles to the Hezbollah in Lebanon, and allegedly disrupting the immediately and automatically using the same aiming tactics, The SafeShoot CEO says that SYSTEM significantly improves the overall I Iranian nuclear program by “a variety of means”. alerts shooters when there is a high techniques and procedures. contrary to other command IS A LIGHT situational awareness risk of friendly fire, thus preventing According to Brig General (Res.) and control systems currently WEIGHT, a potentially disastrous outcome. Nadan, it provides a wireless target available, the Green Shield system MODULAR, To be more effective in the end the fighting in a short time. in the US army. The new unit is Brig General (Res.) Nadan told link between the users. The range automatically and autonomously SELF- “war between wars” and in To achieve that, the IDF formed described as a “ with the Raksha Anirveda that the system can be increased with different alerts the shooters when there is a CONTAINED, major fighting, the IDF decided to the new multi-dimensional unit. capabilities of a division.” was tested by the US army in March configurations of the system. high risk of friendly fire, without the BATTERY implement a multi-dimensional It is based very generally on the Israeli sources said that the 2020, and creates great interest in The system as a whole can need of direct headquarters control OPERATED strategy. In simple words- closing idea of the US military concept of unit will be equipped with highly other armed forces. “Our system operate in stand-alone mode or even network link bringing back SYSTEM. THE the sensor to shooter cycle as fast revolution in military affairs (RMA) sophisticated weapon systems and is the solution for the major and and can easily be integrated confidence and trust at all levels.The DEVICE CAN as possible and then attacking the that was developed years ago in will be able to directly operate in air deadly problem of friendly fire. We with other systems like aiming system can be expanded into after- BE OPERATED target with massive fire that will order to lay the basis for the change and sea units to get the advantage simply solve it.” devices, sights, observation or action-review and reporting (AAR). in battle. This is without the need He further told this Correspondent Command and Control existing or The vest mounted part should DURING to ask other military echelons to that India is a big potential market futuristic solutions. This flexibility, be carried by every soldier and DAYLIGHT, approve or even coordinate. for the company’s products. “We the company says, that knowing the weapon mounted part should DARKNESS, “This unit will be able to produce already transferred some systems where your troops are, significantly be mounted on every light weight ADVERSE very accurate fire power based to different organization is India. improves the overall situational weapon. Similar device should be WEATHER on intelligence generated by tools We assess that the Indian Army and awareness, command flexibility connected to heavy weapons such AND DIRTY that have never been in the tool border patrol units can be seen as and effectiveness of the whole as tank, UAV and helicopters. The BATTLEFIELD box of any unit in the IDF,” an initial customers.” performance. capability should be used in all CONDITION Israeli source said. It makes a lot of According to the Israeli company, The Green Shield system weather and light conditions and sense that the Green Shield system the Green Shield system is a light provides a solution for the recommended number is one will be tested by the new multi- weight, modular, self-contained, misidentification of friendly per person or weapon system. dimensional unit. This unit will be battery operated system. The device forces and improves inter-force According to the company’s able to locate the enemy fast and can be operated during daylight, coordination between all forces CEO, the system improves the hit it with the minimum sensor to darkness, adverse weather and including aviation and ground combat capability in any multi- shooter time. dirty battlefield condition. forces. The system has different force operation that combines When so many diversified fire The system has two parts: A configurations applicable to tanks, infantry, support fire, combat tanks, sources are involved, one very weapon mounted part that weight attack helicopters, UAV, aircraft, UAV and other systems. important mission is to avoid 50 gram and a second part that is infantry and ground support forces. SafeShoot US Soldier Aim -The writer is an International Roving friendly fire. This is exactly what carried inside the user combat vest It allows rapid maneuvering with Correspondent of this publication

126 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 127 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA IDEX 2021 www.raksha-anirveda.com IDEX/NAVDEX-2021: A BIG PLATFORM FOR INDIA TO TAP DEFENCE EXPORTS MARKET A major defence exhibition in the Gulf region, the Abu Dhabi IDEX 2021 gave India a great platform to showcase its formidable defence manufacturing capabilities and bolster its export potential. Indian participation in good numbers augurs well given the changing geopolitics and defence ties in the West Asia region

By RAMESH S. Precision, JSL Defence, Mittal Group, CMD BDL, Director (CP) MDL and other THE GRSE EXPANDED ITS FOOTPRINT AND Rashtriya Metal Industries, Ashoka dignitaries from DRDO and OFB. he United Arab Emirates (UAE) capital of Abu Dhabi held the Manufacturing Ltd and a few others A Mahindra Group subsidiary SHIPBUILDING PROWESS IN THE GULF REGION BY prestigious International Defence Exhibition and Conference with their independent stalls. company, Mahindra Emirates Vehicle INKING THREE AGREEMENTS TOWARDS MUTUAL (IDEX) 2021 from February 21-25 by hosting more than 1,300 Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Armouring, displayed a range of its vendors as well as five countries that participated for the Engineers Ltd (GRSE) participated latest armoured and tactical vehicles at COOPERATION IN SHIPBUILDING PROJECT IN THE first time. Coming on the heels of the Aero India 2021, which in the IDEX in furtherance of Prime the 15th edition of IDEX. In a tweet, SP concluded in the first week of February, the 15th edition of Minister Narendra Modi’s vision on Shukla, Group President – Aerospace, DEFENCE AND MARITIME SECTOR IN THE MIDDLE IDEX and its sister event Naval Defence and Maritime Security SAGAR (Security and Growth for All Defence & Agri Sectors, Mahindra EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) REGION T Exhibition (NAVDEX) were among the first few global defence in the Region), towards Maritime Group, said: “Our specialty armoured exhibitions that took place amid the Corona pandemic. Security and Cooperation. The GRSE vehicles are fast gaining traction in expanded its footprint and shipbuilding Africa & Middle East.” affected by mine and IED threats. It & Weapons cluster within EDGE, an prowess in the Gulf region by inking Global Aerospace and Technology offers best-in-class levels of ballistic advanced technology group that ranks The IDEX and NAVDEX are due to Corona restrictions in their three agreements towards Mutual company Paramount Group and India- and blast protection. It will likely see among the top 25 military suppliers organised by the Abu Dhabi National home country. So, some of the bigger Cooperation in Shipbuilding Project based Engineering & Technology service with the Indian Armed Forces in the world. Exhibitions Company, or ADNEC, companies had a digital and virtual in the Defence and Maritime Sector conglomerate Bharat Forge Limited in the very near future. EDGE also launched its first in cooperation with the Ministry of presence at the defexpo. in the Middle East and North Africa (Kalyani Group) signed an agreement CARACAL, a world-renowned, family of multi-rotor loitering Defence and the General Command IDEX and NAVDEX are also of (MENA) region. that will see them join the technologies, UAE-based small arms manufacturer, munitions, the QX range. In addition, of the UAE Armed Forces. Israel, prime interest for India’s defence The Defence PSU played the pivotal capabilities and expertise of both launched two pioneering products that Shadow 50 and Shadow 25, Rash 2 Azerbaijan, Portugal, Luxembourg sector. The big Indian defence role in setting up the India Pavilion groups to manufacture Armoured underpin the company’s innovation gliding munition kit, as well as new and North Macedonia took part for the PSUs like DRDO, OFB, Bharat during the exhibition. Pawan Kapoor, Vehicles in India. credentials. The second-generation variants of the RW24 range – all first time. Though delegations from Dynamics, GRSE and Mazagon Indian Ambassador to UAE, inaugurated The Kalyani M4 is a multi-role CARACAL F Gen II pistol and the designed and manufactured in the nearly 40 Israeli defence companies Dock participated (under the India India Pavilion at IDEX 2021 in the platform, designed to meet the specific CSA338 Semi-Automatic rifle were company’s first year of operations were expected to take part, they pavilion) along with small and mid- presence of CMD GRSE, DGNO Indian requirements of armed forces for quick unveiled for the first time at the IDEX – were unveiled on the first day of had to pull out at the last minute level private enterprise like Hughes Navy Vice Admiral Dinesh Tripathi, mobility in rough terrain and in areas 2021. CARACAL is part of the Missiles the IDEX 2021.

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disruptive technologies especially the likes of artificial intelligence, ‘BREAKING THE CHINESE MYTH’: UNCOVERING quantum information, big data analytics and cloud computing. The modernisation of PLA has CHINESE MYTH AND EXPOSING PLA’S INVINCIBILITY been explained in detail and the lessons which the Indian Army can derive to enhance its own effectiveness. it is for the security forces to The present Indo-China Conflict manage a diverse border, which has been well covered with all is manifested with different kinds factual details and strategic of terrains and extreme variation assessments. The author brings in climatic conditions. He brings out the requirement to enhance the out the need for getting all the strike capability of the Mountain security agencies under a single Strike Corps to make the Indian umbrella namely “National Border Army a potent force to guard Management Authority”, to ensure the Ladakh sector. A need for amore coordinated effort and re-orientation of our defensive better command and control of posture and the requirement for a all resources to counter border multi layered ISR system to cover infiltration and smuggling. the operational and strategic depth The book gives an interesting areas have been analysed in detail. are workable and necessary also suffer a defeat. If you know account of China’s emergence as a Our future relationship with China have been given. The Defence neither the enemy nor yourself, global power and its transformation has been discussed and the book Acquisition Procedure 2020 you will succumb in every BREAKING THE CHINESE MYTH as an economic power of reckoning. brings out the all-pervasive need (DAP-2020) has been analysed battle.” The goal of any conflict Author: Maj Gen Dr Rajan Kochhar (VSM) The grandiose design of its “One to arrive at an early solution to the in detail and areas for more is to control your opponent and Publisher : BRIKA BOOKS Belt One Road” initiative taking LAC claim lines. emphasis brought out. The overcome them. Language : English 65 countries along smacks off An essential chapter deals book makes very interesting The book has been forthright ISBN-10 : 8194870348 its expansionist designs. ‘The with the requirement of a recommendations to further to highlight all the above issues ISBN-13 : 978-8194870340 Chinese Three World’s Theory’ comprehensive defence strategy the Make in India programme which would merit the attention beautifully explains how China has is yet another attraction of the towards an Atmanirbhar Bharat. of the appropriate forums of endeavoured to unite with other book and the author has outlined It is interesting to note that policy making in our Government. third world countries to counter a concept for its formulation. in the entire saga of the present It infuses a sense of secure future reaking the account of a soldier who has the influence of United States and The threat perceptions as well Sino-Indian conflict Indian for our nation. Counting on the Chinese Myth’ is watched the developments in its allies as well as Russia. The as military preparedness of soldiers emerge to be superior. strengths and weaknesses, the a book of an in- our neighbourhood in the recent key elements of Chinese foreign our adversaries have been well The grit, determination and author weaves a strategy that depth analysis past, and is extremely relevant policy have been well enunciated outlined and explained in sufficient strength of the Indian soldier visualises India at 100years of the Chinese to the present times. It makes a and its linkages with the Chinese detail. The reality of a two front have stood out. The Chinese of Independence, a country psyche and India’s fascinating reading and will add self=perception brought out. The threat has been correctly analysed have not been able to cope up commanding international counter to the to the learning curve to those book lends a great insight on how and the need to bolster capability with the harsh realities of the respect and dignity and also same. Written by who love their country. China’s foreign policy has emerged building has been voiced. mountainous terrain. The senior equipped with strong deterrent B Major General Dr Although a much has been under Xi Jinping with an attempt to In the last chapter, which leadership of the PLA has been capability to any misadventure Rajan Kochhar, written about the ongoing Indo- remodel the world’s global order. perhaps should be most relevant found lacking at times showing by its neighbours. Coming from Indian Army, who is known to Chinese conflict but this book is The book includes another to citizens of the country, is their relative inexperience in a celebrated soldier it is both be an astute professional and in a different genre as it uncovers interesting chapter that deals the development of the Indian strategy formulation and tactical credible and reassuring. A must thinker, “Breaking the Chinese the Chinese Myth and exposes with a comparative assessment of defence industry and Make in execution. Sun Tzu teaching read for all, who care for India. Myth” is an extra ordinary the invincibility of the PLA. Chinese People’s Liberation Army India initiatives of the Government. couldn’t have been more apt to The book is available on the compilation on current geo- “Breaking the Chinese Myth” (PLA) with the Indian Army. The The author analyses the efficacy sum things up, ““If you know following link to buy on Amazon: political issues with reference begins interestingly with the chapter becomes quite useful as of the various defence reforms the enemy and know yourself, https://www.amazon.in/ to belligerent neighbour China management of our borders is very informative and makes us announced by the Government and you need not fear the result of dp/8194870348/ref=sr_1_1?dch and the need for modernisation and a hostile neighbourhood. aware about the latest military the need for the resuscitation of the a hundred battles. If you know ild=1&keywords=breaking+the+ of Indian armed forces. The author brings out in a acquisitions by the IndianArmy Indian Defence Industry. Some very yourself but not the enemy, for chinese+myth&qid=1615455573 The book is a first-hand lucid manner how difficult task as well as the need to embrace cogent recommendations which every victory gained you will &sr=8-1.

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that India’s leaders get their China policy right. The book indeed provides plenty of food for thought on Sino-Indian relations and China’s ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) which was not supported by India and the recent border tension has brought geopolitics and hard security back to the forefront, making any nuanced conversatin on geoeconomics By SRI KRISHNA less attractive to the mainstream policy discourse. “In such a context of mutual mistrust, and before a new POWER SHIFT: INDIA-CHINA RELATIONS reset in ties, it is unrealistic for world for national and geopolitical also appeared conscious of Ocean which is an endorsement IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD both countries to dovetail their advantage, it needs to possess a Nehru’s ghost and the enduring of each other’s role in the Indo- Author: Zorawar Daulet Singh connectivity visions and engage normal and stable equation with suspicion and mistrust for Pacific. Publisher : Pan Macmillan India in a less prejudiced dialogue all the great powers. China is the China in the Indian mind. It However, given US maritime Language : English where overlapping interests are only major power with which will require statesmanship predominance over the ISBN-10 : 9389109728 perceived more objectively,” the India has struggled to normalize and a clear communication large area, India is in effect Pages: 347 author observed. its relationship, despite years of strategy to transcend the deep bandwagoning with the U.S. and The writer is of the view that high-level summitry, multilateral elite resistance against re- its allied network. the region and structural shifts coordination and inter-state setting India’s equation with Another view is that India’s in globalisation will not wait and commerce. The obstacle lies China. For Modi, changing China overall foreign policy vis-a- he more the US Ladakh continuing to simmer, India will need to juggle its varied more in the realm of beliefs and policy truly is as much domestic vis the major powers has not and China beat but the writer feels that “history interests and priorities in an choices. Although there is a large challenge as getting China to changed fundamentally. As each other up, the is obliging both countries to step even more complex China policy measure of continuity in India’s take India more seriously. Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar more room for up and play constructive roles to framework. foreign policy, Prime Minister Even though Modi’s optics recently clarified ‘a rejection of manoeuver other shape the emerging world order “Multilateralizing China’s Narendra Modi is attempting and efforts to connect the Indian non-alignment does not mean a powers will have,” even as it is impelling both sides future engagement through a to effect change to make the people to the world of diplomacy rush to alignment: India will not said historian Odd to learn to co-exist in a common subcontinent-wide network of necessary adjustment to a post- and high politics is new, it is the join an alliance system.’ Arne Westad and neighbourhood.” norms is more likely to convert unipolar order. He is re-steering substance of statecraft that So, all in all, it is a book which T the author Zorawar In the 335 page book, Singh the BRI into an advantageous India’s role to focus on the ultimately matters. gives valuable insights and Daulet Singh feels who is a Delhi based historian proposition rather than a purely neighbourhood, which in his As the author says that there makes suggestions that need that this equally holds good to and strategist says that the competitive approach that words “occupies a special place appear to be two competing to be heeded at the highest India and China relations and emerging multipolar world disappoints India’s recipients in my national development plans worldview related to the China quarters to steer the country that unrestrained competition has brought the relationship with her feeble outcomes, and and foreign policy.” part of the Indo-U.S. equation. through the turbulent waters only benefits other powers. at a crossroads where today’s frees China to pursue an ad hoc In each of his summits, the One view is that India is of Sino-Indian relations and the Though Sino-Indian relations choices will set in course bilateral deals with little concern author says Modi’s body language swinging towards total imperative need for removing have of late not been on too events that will profoundly for the regional political economy,” with the Chinese President Xi alignment in its wider Asia- the suspicion with which friendly a term with the tension impact India’s economy, writes Singh. Jinping has been one of confidence Pacific policy with the U.S. like relations between the two along the border on the Line of security and the regional As the author says that for India and equality with his Chinese the “Joint Strategic Vision” for neighbours are viewed from Actual Control (LAC) in Eastern order. It is therefore, critical, to truly leverage the multi-polar interlocutor. But, Modi has the Asia Pacific and Indian either side of the fence.

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LT GEN CP MOHANTY TAKES OVER AS VICE VICE ADMIRAL NAVEEN CHAWLA VICE ADMIRAL ATUL KUMAR JAIN ASSUMES OFFICE OF CISC SURGEON REAR ADMIRAL TAKES OVER AS DGMS, INDIAN NAVY New Delhi. Vice Warfare (Mumbai) and the National ARTI SARIN ASSUMES CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF New Delhi. Admiral Atul Defence College (Pretoria, South Africa). ew Delhi. Lieutenant Surgeon Vice Kumar Jain, PVSM, The Flag Officer is also a graduate of CHARGE OF COMMAND OF General Chandi Prasad Admiral Naveen AVSM, VSM took Jawaharlal Nehru University (Delhi) and INHS ASVINI Mohanty, PVSM, AVSM, Chawla, VSM over as Chief has received his Masters in Defence and SM, VSM assumed the assumed of Integrated Strategic Studies from Madras University. appointment of the Vice appointment Defence Staff to Prior to his appointment as CISC, Vice N Chief of the Army Staff of Director Chairman Chiefs Admiral Jain has held various Operational, (VCOAS) on February 1. General Medical of Staff Committee Staff and Command Appointments in Lt Gen CP Mohanty takes Services (Navy) (CISC) on March 2. the course of his distinguished career over the appointment of the on January 28. Vice Admiral Jain got commissioned spanning over 38 years. Vice Chief of the Army Staff Prior to assuming in July 1982 into the Indian Navy. He For his distinguished service, he was from Lt Gen SK Saini, who the present is an alumnus of the National Defence awarded Vishisht Seva Medal in 2009, Ati superannuated on January appointment, the Flag Officer held the Academy, the Defence Services Staff Vishisht Seva Medal in 2015 and Param 31 after completing four on June 12, 1982. He appointment of Director General Hospital College (Wellington), the College of Naval Vishist Sewa Medal in 2020. decades of illustrious career commanded a battalion on Services (AF) in the office of Director General in the Army. the Line of Control in Jammu Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS). An alumnus of Rashtriya and Kashmir and later in the An alumnus of Armed Forces Medical VICE ADMIRAL AJENDRA BAHADUR SINGH APPOINTED Indian Military College North East. College (AFMC), Pune he was commissioned New Delhi. Surgeon Rear Admiral (RIMC), Dehradun, He has the unique on December 17, 1983 in the Armed Forces FOC-IN-C, EASTERN NAVAL COMMAND Arti Sarin assumed command National Defence Academy, distinction of commanding Medical Services. During his 37 years of service, Visakhapatnam. Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Singh, AVSM, of INHS Asvini, the flagship Khadakwasla and Indian two : first on the the Flag Officer has held numerous important VSM took over as the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC- Hospital of the Indian Navy, from Military Academy, Line of Actual Control and administrative and staff appointments. in-C), Eastern Naval Command (ENC) from Vice Admiral Atul Surgeon Rear Admiral Sheila S Dehradun, Lt Gen CP later on, the multinational For his dedication and devotion to Kumar Jain, PVSM, AVSM, VSM at an impressive Ceremonial Mathai at a ceremonial parade on Mohanty was commissioned UN Brigade in Democratic the service, the Flag Officer was awarded Parade held at the Naval Base in Visakhapatnam on March 1. January 30. Surgeon Rear Admiral into the Rajput Regiment Republic of Congo. VSM in 2015. Commissioned on July 1, 1983, Vice Admiral Ajendra Bahadur Sheila S Mathai takes over as Singh is an alumnus of the prestigious National Defence Academy the Command Medical Officer, (NDA) Khadakvasla. A Navigation and Direction Specialist, Headquarters Western Naval VICE ADMIRAL R H KUMAR TAKES OVER AS FLAG OFFICER Vice Admiral AB Singh has held various Operational Staff and Command. The event assumes COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF WESTERN NAVAL COMMAND REAR ADMIRAL S VENKAT RAMAN ASSUMES Command Appointments in his career spanning over 38 years. significance in that not many He is the first Alumni of UP to achieve the rank of Commander-in-Chief Armed Forces have a precedent New Delhi. Vice Admiral R COMMAND OF NAVAL WAR COLLEGE, GOA in the Indian Navy. For his distinguished service, he was awarded the Vishisht Seva of a handing taking over between Hari Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, VSM New Delhi. Rear Admiral S Venkat Medal in 2011 and in 2016. two women flag officers. took over as the Flag Officer Raman, VSM assumed command of Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C) the prestigious Naval War College of of the Western Naval Command the Indian Navy, at Goa on February LT GEN AMARDEEP SINGH BHINDER ASSUMES CHARGE AS CHIEF OF SOUTH WESTERN COMMAND (WNC) at Mumbai on February 26. The Admiral took charge of the 28. He succeeds Vice Admiral Ajit Navy’s Apex Training Institution New Delhi. Lieutenant General Amardeep Kumar, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, from Rear Admiral Sanjay Jasjit Singh, Singh Bhinder on March 31 took over as who retires upon superannuation, AVSM, NM. The Naval War College the chief of Jaipur-based South Western after an illustrious career, conducts training for senior officers, Command of Indian Army. spanning 40 years, in the Indian Navy. Vice Admiral R Hari including foreign participants, on He was the Deputy Chief of Army staff Kumar, an alumnus of the National Defence Academy was defence planning, strategic and (IS&C) at the Integrated Headquarters commissioned into the Indian Navy on January 1, 1983. operational subjects, with a view to of Ministry of Defence (Army) in New He specialised in Gunnery and has commanded five ships promote a culture of strategic and operational thinking. Delhi prior to taking over the reins of including a Destroyer and the aircraft carrier INS Viraat. Rear Admiral Venkat Raman is an alumnus of the National Sapta Shakti Command. On assuming He has held important staff appointments both ashore and Defence Academy (NDA) Khadakvasla. Commissioned on January command, he exhorted all ranks to afloat and has also been Naval Advisor to Government of 1, 1990, the Rear Admiral is a specialist in Communications and be operationally prepared to meet Seychelles. The Flag Officer is a recipient of the Vishist Seva Electronic Warfare, and has tenanted various appointments the multi-faceted security challenges, Medal (VSM), Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) and Param onboard frontline warships of the Indian Navy. Defence Spokesperson Lt Col Amitabh Vishisht Seva Medal (PVSM) for distinguished service. Sharma said.

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DIRECTOR arnborough, United Kingdom. Prior to joining BAE Systems, BAE Systems has named Shelly Stoneman had a distinguished O’Neill Stoneman to become career of nearly 15 years of public the Senior Vice President for service, including serving as the James D. Taiclet Marillyn A. Hewson Greg M. Ulmer Government Relations effective Special Assistant to the Secretary ethesda, Maryland. 2020, and as vice president and F April 17. In her new role, Stoneman of Defense and White House The Lockheed Martin general manager, F-35 Lightning will assume responsibility for all Liaison for three Secretaries Corporation board of II Program since March 2018. His government relations activities of Defense under the Obama directors has elected appointment is effective Feb. 1. for the company, overseeing Administration. B President and CEO James Hewson became executive BAE Systems, Inc.’s relationships From 2009-2011, she also D. Taiclet as chairman of chairman of Lockheed Martin on with members of Congress, the worked in the White House Office the board, effective March June 15, 2020. Prior to that, she Department of Defense and other of Legislative Affairs, where she 1. Hewson will transition to be a served as chairman, president and Executive branch organizations, as served as Special Assistant to the strategic advisor to the CEO through CEO and led Lockheed Martin from well as state government leaders. President and was responsible for February 28, 2022. The board also 2013 to June 2020 through a period Stoneman will report to BAE the defense and national security elected Gregory M. Ulmer, 56, of consistent financial performance Systems, Inc. president and CEO Tom legislative portfolio. Earlier in her as executive vice president of and impressive growth. Taiclet Arseneault, and serve as a member of career, she served on Capitol Hill, Aeronautics. He succeeds Michele joined the Lockheed Martin board the Inc. senior leadership team. She Pentagon, State Department, working for a Senate committee, A. Evans, who passed away earlier of directors in 2018 and was will also serve as a director on the Intelligence Community, and as well as a Member of the House this year. Ulmer has served as elected president and CEO of the New Delhi. Ravi Nirgudkar appointed as BAE Systems, Inc. Board of Directors. the White House. She also Appropriations Committee. acting executive vice president, corporation last year. He assumed Managing Director, BAE Systems India. He Shelly is currently the company’s supports the company covering Stoneman will succeed Frank Aeronautics since December 1, that position on June 15, 2020. succeeds Nik Khanna, who concludes his vice president for Executive Branch foreign military sales and direct Ruggiero, who will remain with tenure in India and takes up a new role and International Government international commercial sales the company as a Legacy Fellow, with BAE Systems’ Air Sector in the United Relations, serving as BAE Systems, through engagement with the US advising the office of the CEO, for Kingdom. Inc.’s primary liaison to the government and foreign embassies. the coming months. BAE SYSTEMS APPOINTS LISA HAND AS VP & GM FOR Nirgudkar would spearhead BAE Systems’ operations in the market and build on the COMPANY’S INTEGRATED DEFENSE SOLUTIONS BUSINESS company’s proud track-record of partnering organization of more than 2,600 with the Indian defence industry. TONY SEXTON APPOINTED GROUP SALES MV RAJASEKHAR ASSUMES ADDITIONAL employees across the United States He has more than 25 years of experience and internationally, who provide in international business development and DIRECTOR OF NASMYTH GROUP CHARGE AS CMD, BEML engineering, integration, and programme management, including 21 years London. Nasmyth Group is Bengaluru. M V sustainment services to enhance with Raytheon’s Intelligence, Information and pleased to announce the Rajasekhar, Director customers’ mission effectiveness. Services and Space and Airborne Systems appointment of Tony Sexton as (Mining & Construction) Integrated Defense Solutions businesses. Group Sales Director effective and member of the business is part of BAE Systems On joining BAE Systems, Nirgudkar said: February 2021. Tony joined board of BEML Limited, Inc.’s Intelligence & Security sector, “I am thrilled to join BAE Systems which has Nasmyth Group in 2007 as previously Bharat Earth which delivers a broad range of been at the heart of India’s defence industry Managing Director of IEC and has Movers Limited, took services and solutions enabling for more than 65 years and been a founding more recently held the position additional charge as militaries and governments to partner of defence manufacturing. I look of Director of Systems and Chairman & Managing New Delhi. BAE Systems Inc. has successfully carryout their forward to working with my colleagues in Defence for both the Nasmyth Director of the company named Lisa Hand as vice president missions. The company provides India, and around the world, and leading IEC and Nasmyth CE businesses. from February 1. He and general manager for the large-scale systems engineering, BAE Systems’ endeavours to develop further In his new position, Tony will succeeds Dr Deepak company’s Integrated Defense integration, and sustainment a world class defence and security capability develop a new integrated, global sales and marketing focus Kumar Hota, who retired Solutions business. services across air, land, sea, space, in India.” for the Nasmyth Group’s UK engineering businesses and from service on account In this role, she leads an and cyber domains. those in the US, India and the Philippines. of superannuation.

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the Navy and the Air Force under “THEATRE COMMANDS INDIA’S MILITARY LEADERSHIP NEEDS TO MATCH VISION a theatre commander. Such commands are led by an officer WILL OPTIMISE SUPREME COMMANDER OF INDIAN ARMED from any of the three services, RESOURCE UTILISATION OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP FOR CREATION OF THEATRE depending on the roles assigned to them. AND LEAD TO SAVINGS FORCES PRESIDENT KOVIND WITNESSES COMMANDS TO ADDRESS FUTURE SECURITY THREATS “Such seminars are expected THAT CAN BE USED FOR to generate ideas about evolving ew Delhi. Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Bipin Rawat said the joint structures that will FORCE MODERNISATION” OPERATIONAL DEMONSTRATION BY ANC Indian armed forces face greater challenges than any other military address voids at the strategic – Gen Bipin Rawat in the world and there is an urgent need to bring structural reforms and operational levels that in higher defence and operational organisations. India’s military single-service commands at leadership will have to “more than match the political vision” that has present fail to address,” General optimise resource utilisation and mandated the creation of theatre commands to address future security Rawat said. He said the military lead to savings that can be used for threats, he said while highlighting the need to stay prepared to counter currently has 17 single-service force modernisation,” Gen Rawat threats from China and Pakistan, even as he stressed that the former commands, none co-located with said. The military was expected N seeks to “establish dominance” in the country’s neighbourhood and each other and with each of the to make a presentation to the PM the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). three services discharging their on the situation along the borders operational and strategic roles and progress made towards the in isolation — “a marked lack of creation of theatre commands General Rawat said “service process. There is a need to create synergy in operations.” at the Combined Commanders’ parochialism” will have to make and propagate the narrative of The points raised by CDS are Conference being held at Kevadia way for “a combined services strategic advantages that accrue extremely relevant, said former in Gujarat on March 5-6. outlook” to take theaterisation at the national and armed forces Northern Army commander “Some important steps forward, calling for the military’s levels (with theaterisation),” CDS Lieutenant General DS Hooda that we need to take include transformation to “outthink and said ahead of a top commanders’ (Retd). defining the national security outfight” India’s adversaries. conference to be addressed by “We cannot continue with strategy, higher defence strategic “It will not be easy and the Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 17 individual commands while guidance, and structural reforms transition to theatre commands Theaterisation refers to paying lip-service to integration in higher defence and operational Port Blair. President Ram Nath Kovind witnessed a Joint Services Operational will indeed be a challenging placing specific units of the Army, and joint war fighting. The three organisations.” Demonstration at the Radhanagar beach, Swaraj Dweep in Andaman & Nicobar Services will have to look beyond He also spoke about remodelling Island on February 28. their stovepipes and work with organisational structures to fight Integral combat platforms and forces of the Andaman and Nicobar Command CDS to find the best model and future battles. (ANC) demonstrated multi-dimensional operational capabilities of the Command, optimum command and control “The organisational structure including an amphibious landing. arrangement for integrated for conventional wars or limited The President was earlier briefed by Commander-in-Chief Andaman and Nicobar commands that is suitable for conflicts under nuclear overhang Command (CINCAN) Lieutenant General Manoj Pande on the operational capabilities India,” Lt Gen Hooda added. already exists. But it needs to be and state of readiness of the Command. Apart from the Air Defence and re-modelled, re-equipped and re- Fourteen ships of the Indian Navy, two Fast Attack Crafts of Coast Guard, aircraft of Maritime Theatre Commands, oriented to conduct joint battles the Indian Air Force and over 300 troops of the Indian Army with six BMPs showcased India is expected to have three in digitised battle space to have integrated application of combat power of the only Tri-Service Command of the nation. other integrated commands to necessary flexibility for other The demonstration highlighted the synergy, cooperation and interoperability secure its western, northern and types of operations,” he said. between the Services towards achieving desired outcomes. eastern fronts – these will be The CDS said the main The Operational Demonstration showcased various facets of joint operations and rolled out by December 2022. In dimensions of the military’s included Combat Free Fall (CFF) and helocasting by the MARCOS, Special Heliborne addition, a logistics command is transformation relate to doctrine, Operations (SHBO) by Ghatak and amphibious assault by infantry troops, in the works to avoid duplication force structure, technology, who landed on the beach with six BMPs and over 300 combatants. of efforts and resources. sustenance and readiness. Naval Gun Fire Support (NGFS), Counter Surface Force Operations (CSFO), CDS’s mandate includes Referring to the border standoff in Search and Rescue (SAR) operations and vertical replenishment at sea were also bringing about jointness in eastern Ladakh, he said, “We stood demonstrated. The amphibious landing of Infantry troops on the beach was executed operations, logistics, transport, up to our belligerent neighbour by Landing Ship Tank (Medium) and Landing Craft Utility. training, support services and on the northern borders and Operational Demonstration culminated with the fly past of Dornier aircraft, MI-17 repairs and maintenance of the thwarted its nefarious design. V5 and Chetak helicopters flying in close formation depicting the Tri-Service synergy three services. Now, more than ever, military and Combat potential of the Andaman & Nicobar Command. “Theatre commands will transformation is vital to us.”

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on domestic purchases. The military purchases worth

INDIA’S DEFENCE BUDGET FOR 2021-22 TO TEJAS MK-1A jets, awarded proposals to buy 118 Arjun to₹48,000-crore Hindustan contract Aeronautics for 83 MK-1A₹13,700 tanks crore and includingequipping GRSE LAYS KEEL OF YARD 3024, SHIP OF Limited (HAL) last month, is armoured fighting vehicles BUY MILITARY HARDWARE, FIGHTER JETS, the biggest indigenous defence (AFVs) with modern protection PROJECT 17A FOR ADVANCED STEALTH FRIGATE procurement deal so far. and countermeasure systems. The first MK-1A aircraft will Kolkata. Garden Reach Shipbuilders HELICOPTERS, TANKS AND MISSILES be delivered to the Indian Air crore, with the order likely to be and Engineers Limited (GRSE) Force in three years, with the rest placedThe newwith tanksthe Ordnance will cost Factory ₹8,380 achieved a major milestone with ew Delhi. The budget set aside for domestic defence procurement in being supplied by 2030. The deal Board (OFB) this year. Protection ‘laying of the Keel’ of Yard 3024, a 2021-22 will be used for buying a variety of military hardware, ranging involves the supply of 73 MK-1A systems for the AFVs will cost ship of the Advanced Stealth Frigate from fighter jets to combat helicopters and tanks to missiles, official fighter jets and 10 TEJAS MK-1 Project P 17A. As per GRSE tradition, trainer aircraft. Basic trainers and LCHs figure the Keel was laid by a senior operative military’s capital budget — for buying locally-produced weapons and The dedicated financial on₹5,300 the crore.government’s negative Mithailal Pasi, Structural Fitter of systemssources said.to boost India defence has set indigenisation. aside ₹70,221 crore — 63 per cent of the allocation for indigenous import list that seeks to ban the Shipbuilding Shop at the Main Works N weapons and systems is a game import of 101 different types of Unit of GRSE, in the august presence changer and will contribute in weapons, systems and ammunition of Vice Admiral Sandeep Naithani, The allocation for indigenous The budget will be used for a big way to India becoming over the next five years. This year, Controller of Warship Production & Acquisition (CWP&A), Indian Navy and Rear Admiral procurement, made for the second making milestone payments for Atmanirbhar (self-reliant) in the government is likely to notify GK Harish, VSM, Director General of Naval Design. consecutive year, will power the several domestic acquisitions defence, said Lieutenant General a second list of weapons, systems The occasion was graced by Rear Admiral VK Saxena, IN (Retd.), Chairman and purchase of Light Combat Aircraft through the year. Such payments Vinod Bhatia (Retd), a former and ammunition that cannot Managing Director, GRSE; Cmde. Sanjeev Nayyar, IN (Retd), Director (Shipbuilding); (LCA) Tejas, MK-1A jets, Light refer to a certain percentage of director general of military be imported. Cmde. PR Hari, IN (Retd), Director (Personnel); RK Dash, Director (Finance) and other Combat Helicopters (LCHs), Basic the total deal amount that has to operations (DGMO). HAL is likely to be awarded a senior officials of the Indian Navy and GRSE. The contract for construction of three Trainer Aircraft (BTA), Arjun MK- be paid at different stages of the “Our dependence on imported contract to supply 15 LCHs to the Stealth Frigates under Project 17A is the largest ever order awarded to the shipyard by 1A tanks, Astra beyond-visual- execution of a contract. military hardware is a major Indian military this month. The the Ministry of Defence (MoD) with a value of over Rs 19,293 crores. range (BVR) missiles, Pinaka Last year, the ministry spent weakness which is being IAF and the Army together require The shipyard despite all challenges amid Covid – 19 pandemic, launched the first rocket systems and anti-tank corrected. Dedicated financial 160 LCHs. ship of P17A Stealth Frigate “INS Himgiri” ahead of schedule on December 14, 2020. missiles, the sources said. cent of the capital budget, allocation will give a much- The state-owned plane maker The Keel laying of Yard 3024 has also been achieved ahead of schedule. It is important over ₹51,000 crore, or 58 per needed boost to the Make in is also likely to be awarded a to note that the Keels for both first & second ships viz, Yard 3022 and Yard 3023 were India initiative as also help contract soon for 106 basic trainer also laid ahead of schedule on November 10, 2018 and January 24, 2020 respectively. develop the domestic defence aircraft for IAF. Last August, The important milestones of ship building involve the process of cutting of steel which ecosystem. But the procedures the defence acquisition council is called the ‘Start Production’ stage followed by ‘Keel laying’ subsequent to which, the and processes too should be (DAC) accorded its acceptance of other blocks are built around the keel block. addressed as they continue to be necessity (AoN) for 106 Hindustan The next phase is launching, when the Ship is placed in water for the first time, laborious,” Bhatia said. Turbo Trainer-40 (HTT-40) Subsequently, the ship is outfitted with equipment and systems post launch, followed Last week, the defence aircraft for IAF. by trials of equipment. On completion of all trials and once the compartments are ready, ministry cleared domestic Also, India will sign a US$2.5- the ship is delivered to customer. P17A ships shall be the most advanced state-of-the-art billion contract this year for buying Guided Missile Frigates, 149 m long, with a displacement of approximately 6670 T and 56 medium transport aircraft for advanced CODOG Propulsion enabling speed of over 28 knots. These complex platforms INDIA HAS SET ASIDE IAF to replace its fleet of ageing are equipped with a powerful weapon and sensor package capable of neutralising threats RS. 70,221 CRORE — Avro-748 planes. in all three dimensions of Air, Surface and Sub-surface. Airbus Defence and Space and The project’s Stealth Frigates are being built using Integrated Construction Methodology 63 PER CENT OF THE TATA Advanced Systems Limited with enhanced pre-outfitting to enhance quality and reduce build periods. (TASL) will jointly execute the M/s Fincantieri, Italy is the Knowhow Provider for Technology Upgrade and Capability MILITARY’S CAPITAL project to equip the Air Force with Enhancement in this project. An advanced PDM-PLM system is being implemented at BUDGET — FOR BUYING 56 C-295 transport aircraft under GRSE to manage the project over its life cycle. Since its takeover by the Government in the Make in India initiative in the 1960, GRSE has delivered high end warships ranging from Fast Patrol Vessels, Survey LOCALLY-PRODUCED aerospace sector. Vessels, Landing Ship Tanks, Landing Craft Utility, Fleet Tanker to Frigates and Missile/ Under the contract, Airbus ASW Corvettes. The shipyard has made a significant advancement towards self-reliance WEAPONS AND SYSTEMS will deliver the first 16 aircraft in state-of-the-art warship design and construction and furthered ‘Atmanirbhar’ abhiyaan TO BOOST DEFENCE in flyaway condition while the by achieving over 90 per cent indigenous content onboard ASW Corvettes and Landing remaining 40 will be assembled in Craft Utility ships. INDIGENISATION India by TASL

140 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA APRIL - JUNE 2021 141 RAKSHA ANIRVEDA NEWS ROUND UP www.raksha-anirveda.com IN A BID TO EXPLORE POSSIBILITY OF BUYING; JINDAL STEEL, RUSSIAN USC INSPECT ANIL AMBANI GROUP’S GUJARAT-BASED PIPAVAV SHIPYARD ew Delhi. In a move aimed at possibility of buying the Gujarat- in its order dated February 24, based Pipavav Shipyard of Anil Ambani Group’s Reliance Naval and has granted an extension of Engineering Limited (R-Naval) by industrialist Navin Jindal’s Jindal 153 days (September 1, 2020 Steel and Power Limited and Russian government-owned United to January 31, 2021), owing Shipbuilding Corporation carried out an inspection of the shipyard. to the Covid-19 pandemic, N for the completion of the Resolution Process of R-Naval The Jindals completed facing claims of over Rs 43,587 by August 2021. In addition, inspection of the naval shipyard crore from several financial the Resolution Process of during the last week of February, creditors, including the State R-Naval has extended the bids while a five-member team of the Bank of India (Rs 1,965 crore), submission date for the fifth Russian government concluded the Union Bank of India (Rs time, to March 15, 2021. Power Limited, India’s third- Guard, that orders will be give any such assurance to any its inspection on March 2, media 1,556 crore) and the IDBI Bank The extension of the largest producer of the alloy given to the new buyer in bidder, including the Russian reports quoting sources said. (Rs 1,375 crore). insolvency process for Pipavav by market value. All potential order to pay for their risk and government, saying the yard R-Naval is undergoing According to sources, comes at the same time when bidders want assurances from investment. would have to follow established process of the Insolvency and the National Company Law a new bidder has entered the Defence Ministry and the It is learnt that the rules to competitively bid for the Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and Tribunal (NCLT), Ahmedabad, the fray — Jindal Steel and Indian Navy, besides the Coast government is unwilling to potential shipbuilding orders. AFTER BHARAT FORGE, MAHINDRA; TATA GROUP SET TO RECEIVE SCHIEBEL AWARDED NEW SERVICE PROVISION CONTRACT FROM INDIAN ARMY TO DELIVER ARMOURED VEHICLES New Delhi. After Bharat Forge and Mahindra, the TATA Group orders for 27 M4 armoured vehicles were placed in February CONTRACT WITH EMSA is set to bag a contract from the Indian Army for heavy armoured with the Pune-based Bharat Forge of the Kalyani group, which protection vehicles for its soldiers deployed in key sectors. has a tie-up with the South African firm Paramount Group. Vienna. Schiebel has won another significant contract Sources in the defence and security establishment said the The vehicles, a multi-role platform, designed to meet the with the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). programmes to ensure better mobility and protection to infantry requirements of the armed forces for quick mobility in rough Schiebel, with its CAMCOPTER® S-100, is yet again soldiers started years ago. The Indian capability was seen terrain and in areas affected by mine and IED threats, are one of the service providers for EMSA’s Remotely wanting in Ladakh where the Chinese displayed expensive as 27 of them cost Rs 177.95 Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) operations carrying greater mobility, inducting and de-inducting crore. Meanwhile, the 1,300 light specialist out ship emission monitoring and general maritime troops from frontline areas faster as they used vehicles that Mahindra is to deliver in the next surveillance for EU member states. different kinds of vehicles for the infantry. four years are authorised to various fighting The scope of this EUR 16.5 million framework “The vehicles not only provide protection units for carriage of medium machine guns, contract includes monitoring the sulphur content to the soldiers but also help in faster induction automatic launchers as well as anti- of ships’ emissions to ensure compliance with the and de-induction,” a source said. The Indian tank guided missiles. The Mahindra vehicles, International Maritime Organisation (IMO) sulphur Army has now sped up the process for its own in fact, beat a TATA platform to be selected. emission limits from sea going vessels, as well as acquisition process. The first to hit off the ground were M4 “These vehicles are different from the M4 and are meant maritime situational awareness for coastal authorities. armoured vehicles, of South African origin, which were tested in for specific operations. The Army is looking at different types This contract comes in addition to the one awarded Ladakh during the standoff with China. Last month, the Ministry of troop carrying wheeled vehicles which offer various grades in 2018 under which Schiebel provided EMSA and of Defence also signed a contract with Mahindra Defence of armoured protection,” another source in the defence local authorities in Croatia and Finland with maritime Systems Ltd (MDSL) for a supply of 1,300 light specialist establishment said. surveillance services and which is still ongoing. vehicles to the Indian Army, at a cost of Rs 1,056 crore. Incidentally, certain specialised units of the Army have gone The CAMCOPTER® S-100 operates day and night Sources said there are two more programmes for in for light strike vehicles (LSVs) from Force Motors that offer and can carry multiple payloads with a combined part of our first contract with EMSA, we’re very proud procurement of special wheeled vehicles, one of which has a lot of room for special operations as they can be air-dropped weight of up to 50 kg. Due to its minimal footprint and to have been chosen once again for providing RPAS TATA as the frontrunner. However, in terms of units, the for operations deep inside enemy territory. While contracts size, it is ideally suited for maritime operations. Hans services. It proves that our extensive experience, numbers are less than 100 vehicles when combined together, are being signed now, the fact is that they are long pending Georg Schiebel, Chairman of the Schiebel Group, said: reliability and maturity – we have over 100,000 flight the sources said. With the Army upgrading its mobility power, programmes, a source explained. “After successfully operating in the skies of Europe as hours under our belt – remains unrivalled.”

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IAF LOOKS TO LEASE 20 BASIC TRAINER AIRCRAFT THROUGH EMERGENCY PROCUREMENT ROUTE DRDO DEVELOPS ADVANCED INDIA TO RECEIVE ANOTHER BATCH OF 8-9 RAFALE JETS BY MID-MAY BOOSTING DOMESTIC DEFENCE TO COMPLETE FIRST SQUADRON OF FIGHTERS IN IAF CHAFF TECHNOLOGY TO New Delhi. Indian Air Force is looking PRODUCTION, DRDO OPENS UP MISSILE to lease at least 20 basic trainer aircraft PRODUCTION FOR PRIVATE ENTITIES SAFEGUARD NAVAL SHIPS FROM (BTA) through the emergency procurement New Delhi. India will receive another eight to nine Rafale jets from France by mid-May, with route approved by the government last year, New Delhi. In a major development, MISSILE ATTACK reports said. The Air Force has already sent some expected later this month, completing the first squadron of the fighters in the Indian Air the Defence Research and Development out a request for information (RFI) to global Organisation (DRDO) has given a green vendors in view of the shortage of trainer Force (IAF), according to a defence official. “The number of jets that will arrive in India by month signal to the private sector entities to both aircraft it is facing currently. The home- develop and produce missile systems such grown HTT-40 will be inducted into the end is being finalised. In all around eight-nine jets are expected by mid-May,” the official said. as vertical launched surface to air missile service in the coming years. According to systems programme. The move is slated to the RFI, while Indian companies would be given priority, global entities have been invited With the inductions this month set to complete last September at Air Force station. They the first squadron, which currently has 14 jets, the arrived in India in July 2020 with a stopover at boost the indigenous defence manufacturing to participate in the competition as well. The RFI also specifies that the air force needs ecosystem in the country and realise the a trainer that can undertake four to six sorties a day for intensive training of pilots. The IAF is all set to operationalise the second Rafale Al Dhafra airbase in United Arab Emirates (UAE). squadron at Hasimara in West Bengal later this During the first leg of the flight from Merignac ‘Make in India’ project of Prime Minister leasing company has to maintain the aircraft during the duration of service and provide Narendra Modi. The initiative will enable a simulator for pilots as well. The RFI also adds that the aircraft would be used to impart month. Last September, the IAF inducted the airbase at Bordeaux in France to the UAE, the jets batch of five Rafales of 36 jets contracted from were accompanied by French Air Force mid-air the private sector industries to take part in training to the Air Force personnel for an initial period of three to four years, extendable the development of complex military systems New Delhi. Defence Research and in batches of two years. The Indian Air Force currently operates approximately 260 trainer France under a €7.87 billion Inter-Governmental refuellers. For the journey from UAE to India they Development Organisation (DRDO) has Agreement (IGA) signed in September 2016 with were accompanied by IAF mid-air refuellers. The for the nation. “Under the Development cum aircraft, which include Pilatus PC-7 Mk-II, Kiran MkI/IA, and Hawk Mk-132 advanced jet Production Partner (DCPP) programme, we developed an Advanced Chaff Technology trainer, according to the Ministry of Defence. 13 India Specific Enhancements (ISE). The first second batch of three Rafales arrived in India last to safeguard the naval ships against enemy batch of five Rafale jets, three single seat and November, also flying non-stop from France with have allowed the private sector to co-develop missile attack. Defence Laboratory Jodhpur two twin seater trainers, were formally inducted three in-flight refuellings supported by French Air missile systems with us and then also produce (DLJ), a DRDO laboratory, has indigenously into No. 17 ‘Golden Arrows’ squadron of the IAF Force mid-air refuelling aircraft. them,” senior DRDO officials said. developed three variants of this critical technology namely Short Range Chaff Rocket USE OF AI CAN BRING ENORMOUS CHANGES IN THE WAY (SRCR), Medium Range Chaff Rocket (MRCR) WARS ARE FOUGHT: IAF CHIEF INDIAN NAVY, COAST GUARD OFFICERS JOIN TO SERVE IN MARITIME and Long Range Chaff Rocket (LRCR) meeting Indian Navy’s qualitative requirements. The New Delhi. The use of artificial AND ANTI-SUBMARINE WARFARE AIRCRAFT successful development of Advanced Chaff intelligence can bring enormous changes Technology by DLJ is another step towards in the way wars are fought and the Indian New Delhi. At an impressive Passing Out Atmanirbhar Bharat. Recently, Indian Navy Force has started looking at its applications Parade held at INS Garuda, Kochi on April 5, 11 conducted trials of all three variants in the in a range of areas, including training and officers of the Indian Navy and two officers of Arabian Sea on Indian Naval Ship and found threat monitoring, Chief of the Air Staff the graduated as Observers. the performance satisfactory. (CAS) Air Chief Marshal RKS Bhadauria Rear Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar, Flag Officer Sea Chaff is a passive expendable electronic said. The chief of air staff said his force is Training (FOST) reviewed the parade and awarded countermeasure technology used worldwide also looking at using artificial intelligence (AI) in areas of data and intelligence fusion, the coveted ‘Golden Wings’ to the passing out GOVERNMENT SIGNS DEAL WITH MAHINDRA to protect naval ships from enemy’s radar maintenance as well as in its decision support system. officers. The officers of the 92th Regular were DEFENCE TO SUPPLY LSVS TO INDIAN ARMY and Radio Frequency (RF) missile seekers. “These are huge areas of focus for our immediate future,” he said at a FICCI seminar trained in air navigation, flying procedures, tactics The importance of this development lies on use of AI for air warriors. Air Chief Marshal Bhadauria also urged the industry to work employed in air warfare, anti-submarine warfare New Delhi. In a boost to ‘Make in India’, Ministry of in the fact that very less quantity of chaff on developing various military applications of AI. “Smart technologies like AI have the and exploitation of airborne avionic systems. Defence (MoD) signed a contract with Mahindra Defence material deployed in the air acts as decoy potential to totally change the way we train and fight future wars. We are living through These officers would serve on-board Maritime Reconnaissance and Anti-Submarine Systems Ltd (MDSL) for supply of 1,300 Light Specialist to deflect enemy’s missiles for safety of the some interesting times,” he said. “It is the right time for all of us, the military operators, Warfare aircraft of the Indian Navy and Indian Coast Guard. Lieutenant Ankush Kumar Vehicles (LSVs) to the Indian Army, at a cost of Rs 1,056 ships. The DRDO has gained the expertise to the industry, the think-tanks and all the AI specialists for creating next-generation AI Yadav from the regular observer course was awarded the Uttar Pradesh Trophy on being crore, in New Delhi on March 22 with the induction of meet the futuristic threats from adversaries. enablers for air war,” the IAF chief said. He said it was time to plant a “robust tree” for adjudged ‘First in the Overall Order of Merit’ while ¬Lieutenant Ravinder Nain was awarded vehicles planned to be completed in four years. The technology is being given to the industry development of AI in the country. the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command Trophy for being adjudged The Light Specialist Vehicle is a modern fighting vehicle for production in large quantities. Defence At the same time, he mentioned that different nations with different threat perceptions ‘Best in Flying’. Assistant Commandant Ankur Singh Pawar was awarded Sub ¬Lieutenant and will be authorised to various fighting units for carriage Minister Rajnath Singh has congratulated would have different requirements and this would have evolved over a period of time RV Kunte memorial Book Prize on being adjudged ‘Best in Ground Subjects’. The occasion of Medium Machine Guns, Automatic Grenade Launchers DRDO, Indian Navy and Industry for the and experience. ACM Bhadauria elaborated that AI is being developed in multiple areas also had four officers of the Indian Navy graduating as Qualified Navigation Instructors as well as Anti-tank Guided Missiles. The Light Specialist achievement. Secretary Department of Defence in the air domain to accrue diverse and asymmetrical operations benefits. He added that (QNIs). The QNIs were trained at imparting instructional techniques on ground and during Vehicle is indigenously designed and developed by MDSL. R&D & Chairman DRDO Dr G Satheesh Reddy currently AI has not matured to an extent where completely autonomous missions can flying. They were provided in-depth knowledge of tactics and sensor exploitation. These These combat vehicles are extremely agile with all round appreciated the efforts of the teams involved be executed. The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has been focusing on application of AI in officers would function as Qualified Navigation Instructors at Observer school before protection against small arms fire and will assist small in the indigenous development of this vital the three services. proceeding to take up operational assignments at various frontline naval air squadrons. independent detachments which are required to operate technology to safeguard Indian Naval Ships. The successful QNIs were also awarded the ‘Instructor Torch’ by FOST. this weapon platform in the operational area.

144 www.raksha-anirveda.com RAKSHA ANIRVEDA IN NEWS INDIA-US SPECIAL FORCES CARRY OUT MILITARY DRILL IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

New Delhi. Indian and American Special military exercises and defence Forces carried out a joint military exercise exchanges are an important at Bakloh in Himachal Pradesh in March to facet of deepening bilateral further enhance interoperability between the defence cooperation between two sides, the defence ministry said. It was friendly countries. the 11th edition of the exercise ‘Vajra Prahar’ “During such events, the that is aimed at sharing best practices and armies of participating nations experiences in areas such as joint mission jointly train, plan and execute planning and operational tactics. “The 11th a series of operations for edition of Indo-US joint special forces exercise neutralisation of threats of Vajra Prahar 2021 was conducted at Special varied nature with a common Forces training school located at Bakloh, in aim of countering threats of Himachal Pradesh in March,” the defence international terrorism through ministry said. It said the exercise was aimed at mutual training and jointness,” deployed its warship Shivalik and long-range improving interoperability between the special it said. India and the US carried out a two-day maritime patrol aircraft P8I in the ‘PASSEX’ forces of the two countries. naval exercise in the eastern Indian Ocean exercise while the US Navy was represented by The ministry, in a statement, said bilateral Region on March 28 and 29. The Indian Navy USS Theodore Roosevelt carrier strike group.

INDIA ENTERS A SELECT LEAGUE OF NATIONS, COMMISSIONS LOOKING TO ACQUIRE, MALAYSIAN AIR FORCE SECRETIVE NUCLEAR MISSILE TRACKING VESSEL TEAM TO VISIT INDIA SOON TO ASSESS FORCE’S

New Delhi. India has SUITABILITY FOR LOCALLY-DEVELOPED LCA commissioned its secretive nuclear missile tracking vessel that had New Delhi. A Malaysian Air Force team is expected been under construction since to visit India soon to assess the suitability of the light 2014, entering a select league combat aircraft (LCA), a locally developed system that of nations with the capability to has recently been ordered in large numbers by the Indian monitor missile launches at long Air Force (IAF), as the force looks to acquire new fighter distances, enhancing the testing jets. The Malaysian team is likely to visit Bengaluru programme and adding a crucial within two months, depending on travel restrictions, and part to a national missile defence will be given a full tour of the LCA production facilities, system. Called the VC 11184, the test infrastructure as well as a demonstration of its specialised Ocean Surveillance Ship was commissioned in October last year in a ceremony combat potential, sources said. that was not made public, sources said. The ship delivery was delayed by a few months They said the Indian LCA has emerged as a top due to the Covid-19 crisis but all tests and trails were cleared in 2020 to ensure it is contender for the Malaysian Air Force since it is being ready to enter service. The ship will be operated by a joint crew of the National Technical offered at cheaper rates than the Swedish Saab Gripen Research Organisation (NTRO), the Defence Research and Development Organisation and is more modern and capable than the China-Pakistan and the Indian Navy. origin JF 17. At present, only the US, France, China and Russia operate similar vessels that are used India is offering the LCA Mk1A version, with a modern to track missile launches at sea. The vessel will be able to monitor India’s developmental AESA radar, new avionics and the capability to integrate trials of missiles of greater range than ever before — virtually unlimited due to its ability a variety of weapons, for the potential export order and to traverse the oceans. Besides, it will have the ability to detect launches by adversaries is confident that the aircraft will be an ideal fit for the like Pakistan and China, giving India an early warning capability. The 15,000 tonne ship, Malaysian requirement. The initial requirement is for 12 which has specialised surveillance systems of three dome-shaped antennas packed with jets, with options for 24 more in the future, sources said. sensors, has been extensively tested since 2018 by the joint team. The 15,000 tonne class Besides full support in training both ground and air vessel was initially constructed in a covered dry dock at the Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, the personnel, India has offered to create a full maintenance, country’s largest, to keep roving satellites and spying attempts at bay. However, since repair and overhaul (MRO) facility for the LCA fleet in 2018 the vessel has been docked in the open, with its large globe shaped radar placed Malaysia to ensure a high rate of availability. on the aft giving a distinctive visibility to visitors at Vizag.

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raksha-anirveda.com o. 4 issue 13 issue 4 o. N vol. april - june 2021 june - april DELENG19655/F-2(R-6)Press2018 upon Industry’s Masteryof ICT Nation’s Security toShoulder Security ICT &India’s National Vol 4,Issue 13,Apr-Jun 2021 New Order withRenewed Intent West Asia-India Defense Relations in Strategic Domain Indo-Gulf Tiesin cutting-edge technologiesinitsR&D in Nation Building and contracting out production of and contractingoutproductionof packaged foods, clothing items, packaged foods,clothingitems, needs to solely focus on DRDO needstosolelyfocuson Penalised Not anEasyTask for US Penalising or AbsolvingIndiatobe Elephant inthe Room CAATSA: ASilent Role ofR&D etc toprivateplayers