THE ONLY INTERNATIONAL CROWD SAFETY MAGAZINE THE CROWD #2 DECEMBER 2019 A FREE PUBLICATION

A MASTERCLASS IN EVENT COMMUNICATIONS Four giant marionettes, 1.3 million visitors and a three-day outdoor performance; we interview the team from ’s Dream.

THE NEW CHALLENGE FOR RISK ANALYSTS OF LARGE EVENTS FGH: A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO EMPLOYEE WELFARE

THE PROLIFERATION OF DRONE USE ACROSS HEADING INTO THE INDUSTRY THE HOME STRETCH The ESA discuss the brand new Crowd Management ANSI Standard us abouttheir scientific approach to employee welfare. Peter Managing Harrison, Director at FGH, got intouch to tell wefare to approach A scientific 18

CONTENTSEDITION 2 Recruitment Recruitment News Your new and emerging industry directory Source Crowd Space Drones 22 A Q&A session with Andrew McQuillan of Crowded safety useincrowd ofdrone proliferation The thier team FGH discuss their innovative approach to looking after welfare to approach A scientific Integrating artand safety inMatera, Italy 12 inpublicspaces events large at safety to approach A performance-based An interview with the team behind Liverpool's Dream communications inevent A masterclass A callfor emotion research by Dr. Gavin Brent Sullivan incrowds Emotions Crowd Management ANSIStandard An intricate look at the writing process of the new homestretch the into Heading

29 28 26 18 16 8 4

and athree-day outdoor performance. Four giant marionettes, million 1.3 visitors communications inevent A masterclass 12 Management ANSIStandard'. President of the Event Safety Heading into the home the into Heading Steven Adelman, A. Vice Alliance (ESA) discusses the brand new ‘Crowd 4 stretch stretch The CROWD 16 magazine A performance-based approach to safety at large events in public spaces Integrating art and saftey in Matera, Italy.

It's been a whirlwind since the first edition went live!

SuŽce to say, we couldn't have asked for a better reception of the magazine. The first edition was read across 24 countries and A masterclass in event communications received well over 15,000 views - not to Four giant marionettes, 1.3 million visitors mention acquiring hundreds of new reader and a three-day outdoor performance. sign-ups.

Firstly, I would like to extend a thank you for your support. Every sign-up, editorial submission and advert placed demonstrates just how eagerly anticipated this publication has been.

22 Launching an International magazine title The proliferation of drone use in the crowd safety is no mean feat - an astronomical amount of and security industry work has been going on behind the scenes A Q&A session with Andrew to ensure we bring you the very best, most Andrew McQuillan, Director of relevant content. For me, the ability to share Crowded Space Drones. and disseminate learning, case studies and emerging theory across the industry could fundamentally enhance the lives of millions across the World - and this remains top of the agenda.

Moving forward, our team will work closely with organisations such as the UKCMA and the ESA to ensure we address topical issues facing our industry. However, we still rely on you to participate. This publication is a voice for all crowd safety professionals - a dedicated resource for us to learn, share and collaborate.

It is only through collaboration we can improve standards across the industry, as the great Henry Ford once said "If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself."

Rebecca Baker Editor The standard writing process is not for the impatient or thin-skinned

4 THE CROWD MAGAZINE HEADING INTO THE HOME STRETCH Steven A. Adelman, Vice President of the Event Safety Alliance (ESA) discusses the brand new ‘Crowd Management ANSI Standard’ and the hurdles they have had to jump to make it a reality.

t feels like hubris to discuss a expert in crowd management who Drafting by committee is a chal- major industry standard that has testifies in some of North America’s lenge. The Crowd Management not yet received final Approval. biggest lawsuits involving life safety, Task Group’s first year was messy, But having cleared the last sig- I was eager to o¥er a fresh take on time-consuming, yielded relatively nificant hurdle in the American Chapter 9, Crowd Management. little written product, and was abso- INational Standards Institute (“ANSI”) By December 2016, I (was) volun- lutely essential. During this period, approval process, I am guardedly teered to chair the newly formed a friend taught me that rather than optimistic that a shiny new Crowd Crowd Management Task Group. saying “No” to any idea, a better Management ANSI standard is now response is “Yes, and…,” which com- in the home stretch, heading to- In my first email to the group, I of- pels one to find a connection even wards Spring 2020 publication. fered this vision: My general critique in suggestions that initially seem of the Crowd Management text that o¥-topic. This process of never en- The standard-writing process is not currently exists is that a standard in tirely rejecting an idea, instead find- for the impatient or thin-skinned. a fact-specific area like this should ing some kernel of value that made Here is a (highly abridged) account emphasise issues to consider, as the standard stronger, became an of how this one came into the world. opposed to specific things one must essential part of drafting and editing. always do. I aspire to teach readers It also made for numerous tangents Back in November 2016, the Enter- how to think, not what to think. and dead ends. tainment Services Technology Asso- ciation (“ESTA”) joined forces with Over the next year, we had spirited Early in the drafting process, I the Event Safety Alliance (“ESA”) discussions about what a crowd collected event photos that I thought to create an Event Safety Working management standard would cover illustrated issues the standard Group. In an industry that relies and who the stakeholders would be. should address – in the end, we used heavily on folk wisdom and on-the- Draft text regarding the scope of the almost none of them. For a couple job training, the idea was to identify standard and foundational defini- of months, I became so hung up on a key issues regarding safety and tions was circulated and commented question about crowd dynamics and security practices at live events and upon. barricade shapes that I spent hours gather subject matter experts from working with my daughter’s brilliant around the world to address them We had constructive discussions in physics teacher. We had a great in a collaborative and systematic person, by videoconference, and time drawing on a whiteboard and manner in order to create authorita- by email. Comments ranged from crashing into furniture in his class- tive guidance where none currently broad thematic suggestions to indi- room, but that analysis never made exists. vidual word choices. As we tried to it into the text either. decide what we were prepared to The Event Safety Working Group say, even small changes in one area By November 2018, more than a used this process to update and ex- tended to influence other text or year after we began the document, pand upon some of the most impor- change how we approached anoth- we circulated a much more polished tant chapters in ESA’s groundbreak- er topic. second draft. More comments fol- ing 2013 Event Safety Guide. As an lowed while I stepped away for a few

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 5 weeks to help run ESA’s big annual Working Group for its review. The text in another part of the document. conference, the Event Safety Summit. Working Group approved that draft I felt surprised and disappointed, In early December, refreshed and at its January 26, 2019 meeting, and I wanted it to be finished al- with a bit of distance, I took out the sending it out for public review. ready. Not my finest hour. sharp editorial knives for the first time. On April 18, 2019, the results came Later, I realised that not only did back. The Task Group received 22 these changes make the document In my law practice, I do a lot of comments, which one of the Work- better, they also forced me to re-read writing. I have always found the act ing Group chairs noted “is certainly the entire standard to see what else of creating new text to be diŽcult, as a substantial amount to work with, they changed, which caused me to I struggle to organize my thoughts but far fewer than we sometimes find other imprecise or inarticulate and tell the story succinctly. I pour get on draft standards.” Happily, phrasing. A valuable and humbling thoughts onto the page, figuring the comments, many of which came experience for which future users that I will later hack away the weak from NFPA reviewers, were con- should be grateful. material and put the good parts in structive, reasonable, and relatively the right place. Editing is satisfying easy to address. The newly edited document was because it brings order from chaos, circulated back to the Crowd Man- much like developing a plan to man- On May 21, 2019, I circulated to the agement Task Group, which had no age the crowd at a general admis- Crowd Management Task Group the further changes. At the October 26, sion event. reviewer comments and proposed 2019 meeting of the Event Safety responses along with an updated Working Group, the document was By December 10, 2018, a week of draft standard for their review, all approved unanimously. furious cutting, rewriting, and reor- in anticipation of the next quarterly ganising yielded a draft that, for the Working Group meeting on July 20, As of this writing, it is out for a sec- first time, generally resembled the 2019. ond round of public review. If that final product. passes without incident, then the Two months passed without a peep. standard will receive a final vote at We optimistically set a comment It looked like the document would the next Working Group meeting in deadline of December 31. The be approved! Alas, no. At the July 20 January 2020. Fingers crossed! group made a last few changes. On meeting, the language in one section January 8, 2019, the document was was challenged, and suggestions forwarded to the entire Event Safety were raised about adding additional

6 THE CROWD MAGAZINE GOT SOMETHING TO SHARE? SEND IT TO [email protected]

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THE CROWD MAGAZINE 7 EMOTIONS IN CROWDS

From a perspective of organising safe EMOTIONS IN GROUPS A call for emotion events, it may seem that attending closely to the range and types of emo- We now know from a wide variety research – feeling tions or a¥ects that audiences feel is of research that the targets of crowd and working not a priority. displeasure are often strategic or sym- bolic and tend to involve a history of together by Dr. Gavin It is good, of course, that people feel past interactions that may recur in the comfortable and secure at a given current situation (e.g., think of negative Brent Sullivan, event and location; and if most of their interactions with police that are repro- needs are catered for, it might seem duced in a new context). Professor of Social that the primary focus should be on reducing everything within the control In addition, talk of crowds of “panick- and Political and foresight of event organisers, ing” people is deeply problematic; at in particular, everything that could best there are people who report that Psychology at impinge on an audience’s enjoyment they panicked and the only sense of Coventry University. of or positive participation at events . this being collective that is appropri- ate, is that many people experiencing However, on some occasions, emotions an immediate threat were a mere of the crowd or group might be seen aggregate; that is, in the same way, as a threat to safety, where they are that the noise produced as people for example, highly intense. Two main take their daily paths through a public concerns in this regard tend to be of space like a train station is not some- angry or fearful crowds, even though thing actively produced as a group. people who are intensely happy (e.g., celebrating an important and improb- The idea that groups produce shared able last-minute win) may also engage emotions as they act together in a in unsafe or antisocial behaviour (an space has gained momentum in recent issue we’ll return to below). years. Many contemporary theorists of collective emotion and shared a¥ec- Here it is essential to add a reminder tive experience are not strong advo- about the deeply unhelpful myths that cates of the idea that rapid, automatic tend to surround angry, potentially or uncontrollable “spread”, “transfer”, violent “mobs” that might act in aggres- or virus-like “contagion” underpins all sive or destructive ways as a collective; instances of crowd emotion. and, in ways that few of the group’s individuals would if they were acting The topic of collective emotions has in isolation. arisen to explain how a vast range of groups (e.g., couples, families, institu-

8 THE CROWD MAGAZINE THE CROWD MAGAZINE 9 tions, teams, neighbourhoods, crowds, will contribute to particular manifes- regions, nations) can jointly produce tations in collective action (e.g., from emotions that are shared and involve renewed commitment to take part in a a degree of coordination. This ap- My call is protest again through to the possibility proach gives some indication of why of returning to a venue or event in a individuals talk of “panic” instead of for more event following year). “scared”, “very afraid” or “hysterical” in situations such as possible public managers to Sixth, in some cases crowds may be shootings; namely, that it has a lot to do invite relied upon to enforce particular with narratives reproduced in media norms (e.g., for quietness, respect, accounts and public signs (e.g., signs researchers restraint, or to help others etc.) even for what to do in after an earthquake though these have not been evident or in Indonesia include the English to explore rich explicitly referred to beforehand (e.g., phrase “keep calm”). examples of in instructions from organisers). The example of a post-disaster context group-based and Seventh, collective emotions are is a useful reminder here because important not only during the experi- when I asked people in Indonesia collective ence of event but they also have been who lived near an active faultline of emotions found to play a large role in the way what would reduce the “panic” they that collective memories are formed imagined they would feel during a (and evoked or used to mobilise large seismic event; many answered “I people are clapping for, but at other groups on further occasions). would know what to do”. The opposite times common values might seem to to panic, I contest, is not calmness but be restored (e.g., as what you clap for WORKING TOGETHER rather preparedness. Accordingly, fear vigorously seems to be matched and in and of itself is not what needs to be even amplified by others) depending More work is needed to understand managed (rather a potentially danger- on the outcome of the whole event, the complex ways that emotions ous or horrific environment needs to you might then feel energised or de- manifest in groups and crowds. In this be negotiated without possible further spondent about your relationship with regard, my call is for more event man- harm to oneself or others). a group you care about. agers to invite researchers to explore rich examples of group-based and THE PSYCHOLOGICAL GROUP Third, there can be disagreement collective emotions and their complex, within a crowd and disengagement dynamic relations to collective actions What can new perspectives on emo- or distancing by individuals; in the in real-world situations. tions in crowds, called “the psycholog- language of contemporary social psy- ical group” by many researchers, o¥er chology, your personal emotions and We need to work together to fully gain to event managers? interests reflect “I-mode” engagement a better understanding of emotion can di¥er from those that are based on situations (both positive and negative). First, we can examine cases of active membership of particular groups, and The biggest challenge in gathering engagement in group rituals and these group-based “pro-group I-mode” information are fears of observa- various forms of performance (such as emotions may chime or clash with tions and critical scrutiny by crowd signing, clapping). Rather than passive those of a larger group (i.e., “we-mode” management professionals. Only influence or pressure to act, which can emotions). when we work together can a better bring specific shared emotions into understanding of emotion situations being, or extend and reinforce other Fourth, knowing which types of emo- be gathered for the common good. e¥ects felt by individuals on behalf of a tions are occurring when and for what group. Good examples of this can be reasons (e.g., is collective happiness or seen in political rallies where clapping collective pride involved) can be cru- in response to speakers and the con- cial to the management of groups on tent of speeches can enact emotional given occasions (e.g., if trying to move aŽliation or disaŽliation with the people on from a space that has strong speaker or a specific idea in a crowd. group significance).

Second, what you feel on the basis of Fifth, specific aggregations or gen- group membership (e.g., as a “Leave” uinely collective forms of positive voter as you listen to a discussion as or negative group-based emotions you sit in the audience of Question are the products of particular group Time) may di¥er from what other aims, interests and histories which

10 THE CROWD MAGAZINE www.controlledevents.com

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 11 A MASTERCLASS IN EVENT COMMUNICATIONS BY REBECCA BAKER

Four giant marionettes, 1.3 million visitors and a three-day outdoor performance. Where do you begin when it comes to planning an event of this scale? We interviewed the team behind Liverpool’s Dream to find out.

or those of you well versed and police at each scene and rest but not the movement of the crowd in the management of place. between the di¥erent scenes in the large-scale events, you will City centre” Event Manager Susan appreciate that success For an event of this size, there are an Lees reflected, “we were not sure how can only be achieved overwhelming number of considera- the crowd would respond to the Giants Fthrough proactive planning, prepa- tions to plan for incorporating security, and the performance; suŽce to say we ration and communication. Without road closures and transport – all whilst learned a lot about crowd movement these fundamentals in place, you’re enabling Royal de Luxe an element that year.” on track to fail before you even begin; of creative freedom. Events like this especially when it comes to planning a certainly aren’t commonplace any- Fast-forward to the 2014 event and an spectacle such as Liverpool’s Dream. more, and there is much to be learnt increase in visitors posed new prob- from the team who pulled o¥ such a lems when transport plans faltered, Royal de Luxe, the world’s leading remarkable feat. “Lime Street Station struggled with vis- street theatre company, returned to itor capacity on the Saturday evening the UK in October 2018 to entertain 1.3 LESSONS LEARNED despite plans being put in place to mit- million people who came to see Giants igate these risks.” The event was also walk the streets of Liverpool and Wir- The 2018 event marked the third thrown a curveball when the head of ral during a three-day outdoor event. appearance by the Giants in Liverpool, the Grandmother Giant fell o¥ mid-per- following two visits from Royal de formance, “we knew that going into The Giants performance saw four Luxe in 2012 and 2014, pulling crowds 2018, we had to expect the unexpect- enormous, moving Marionettes pa- of 800,000 and 1,000,000 respectively ed and plan for all eventualities.” rade through the streets each accom- – this allowed the Giants team to apply panied by 30 Lilliputians (artists who knowledge and learning from previ- In preparation for the event, the team physically move the Giants), 9 vehi- ous years. travelled overseas to observe the cles, 100 Benevol (volunteers) and 30 Giants performance in alternative security within the bubble. This was “Back in 2012, when planning the locations. The 2017 event in , alongside operational sta¥, security event, we had considered the route , provided an interesting

12 THE CROWD MAGAZINE insight into event management incor- Arming themselves with the knowl- complex relationship between the porating 1000 police oŽcers, snipers edge, insight and lessons learned from French team, Royal de Luxe, and all 55 and concrete barriers – security was previous events enabled the team to stakeholders. “The planning process at a maximum. plan for a wide range of scenarios, began eighteen months in advance enabling them to proactively mitigate of the event with the formation of the In 2018 the team attended Leeu- risks right from the very beginning. joint agency group. Project meetings warden in the and saw then took place every two weeks a more relaxed approach to the event STAKEHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS with all key team members.” Regular, with minimal performance space, a consistent communications certainly small police presence and very little The seamlessly executed spectacle helped the planning process. preparation for the street perfor- was overseen by the Culture Liverpool mance, “We really got to see a variety team (part of Liverpool City Council), With so many stakeholders to inform, of approaches to the planning and ex- supported closely by Merseyside the team relied heavily upon an online ecution of the event, we observed both Police and underpinned by 55 stake- portal to share documents, informa- ends of the spectrum when it came to holders, all of whom had a role to play tion and regular communications security and planning”, Susan recalls in the planning and preparation of the with the project team, “The portal had “this really helped us to find a middle event. around 330 users and incorporated ground when it came to balancing the input from the police and other blue safety and security of the event with- It was Project Manager, Jen Falding, light services, regional transport out impacting the performance.” who had the job of coordinating the partners, highways, parks, security

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 13 suppliers and volunteers.”

Communications weren’t just limited to those involved in the planning and preparation of the event either, local businesses and residents had a huge part to play in the Giants event, “we actually visited all of the businesses located on the route of the event, it was essential that they had a enough stock to cope with the visitor demand. It was equally as important that they didn’t plan for any large deliveries or bin collections over the three days.”

The team also navigated other events taking place in the city across the same weekend, twenty-two weddings, funerals, protests, Irish parades, not to mention a Liverpool vs. Manchester City game, “we maintained regular contact with everyone about the event and spoke to local residents regularly about event plans, to the point where we even received a wedding reception invite. Essentially, we had to navigate a three-day shutdown of Liverpool city centre and communication was pivot- al in ensuring minimal disruption – it really was a City-wide e¥ort.”

BALANCING ARTISTIC VISION AND Over the twelve months leading up to prepared for. With all key stakeholders SAFETY the event, Mark and Jonathan joined in attendance, the exercise ensured The Giants covered 21 miles over the the team in their overseas visits to as- all responsive structures were put in course of the three-day event and, sess safety and security protocols de- place and risks were identified, antici- with record numbers of people due to ployed at other Giants’ events, “It was pated and planned for. gather both sides of the river, our role to work with the team to iden- Merseyside Police played an active tify and mitigate any risks, enabling When it came to security, a com- role in coordinating contingencies. all preventative strategies to make the petitive tender process successfully event as safe as possible. Observing procured FGH Security, led by Lewis Specially trained police, both visibly the performance in other countries Walsh, to oversee the safety and secu- armed and covert, were deployed at enabled us to carefully balance the rity of both the moving and static Giant the event, employing resources such artistic vision of Royal de Luxe and displays. Their role, along with Event as behavioural detection oŽcers, num- safety throughout the duration of the Design and TESS, was to assess crowd ber plate recognition and CCTV. Silver event, a great example of this was the management considerations combin- Event Commander Superintendent counter-terrorism measures employed ing asset protection, crowd dynamics Mark Morgan, together with Bronze in Geneva.” and fluid movement of the deployment Commander Superintendent Jonathan as the performance moved through Davies, have an extensive history of In order to deliver a succinct response the city, whilst also ensuring that peo- working alongside Culture Liverpool, to emergency situations, crisis com- ple could still interact with the Giants. “With a focus on the role of police munications, and streamline opera- versus the current security climate, tional plans, the team held table-top The previous two visits by Royal de the planning, preparation and deploy- exercises covering several incidents Luxe gave the team an insight into ment of policing operations was very that could severely impede the event. crowd dynamics; this experience di¥erent in 2018 compared to previ- Weather, sta¥ illness, vehicle failure, enabled the team to plan routes based ous years; our focus was on preparing threat level changes and fires were on the speed of the Giants, anticipated for the unexpected.” Mark explained. just a few scenarios discussed and crowd size and pinch-points in the

14 THE CROWD MAGAZINE were no reported injuries, no arrests “On Saturday, the radios failed, and or increases in crime and a huge until they were back up and running, amount of positive public engagement we relied on WhatsApp to commu- Back in 2012 was generated. nicate with the team on the ground.” when we were Although this caused an inevitable RESPONSIVE AND ADAPTIVE concern at the time, it had minimal planning the event impact on the event and was quickly Three weeks before the show Royal de rectified. we had considered Luxe announced it would be the last show featuring these Giants, further The team also experienced a close the route, but not adding to the anticipation and excite- call on Saturday afternoon of the event the movement ment of the event “You could only im- when the Giants met on the Strand, agine what this did to encourage visi- “last-minute changes by Royal de Luxe of the crowds tors. It was a huge coup for Liverpool impacted timings and inevitably, the to host the final event” recalls Susan, crowd merged. Necessitated dynamic between the “at this point anticipating the number interventions led by Superintendent different scenes of visitors was an impossible job.” Jonathan Davies and supported by event control ensured e¥ective crowd Despite the forward planning and management and dispersed the city. “The Giants required a 15m x 5m excellent communication from the out- crowds quickly seeing no negative corridor. To make the route passable set, there were many uncontrollable impact on visitor experience.” we arranged for the removal of round- factors which required the team to be abouts, traŽc lights and street furni- adaptive and responsive. For exam- When asking the team what their win- ture – even BT lines where required”, ple, the weather was a massive factor; ning formula was for the successful Susan explained “In the end we chose operating a 50ft and 2.5 tonne Giant deployment of such an event, they all two routes to help disperse the crowds in high winds comes with an element responded with the same conclusion; suŽciently, we gave visitors prior of risk! it’s all about strength of communica- knowledge of routes before the event tions, partnerships and trust. and tracked the Giants movement No matter how carefully a project is in real-time via an interactive map planned, something may still go awry, This event will forever be remem- online.” Despite huge crowds, there and this event was no exception. bered by the people of Liverpool as the biggest in history; it’s a great example of how an entire city can come together to deliver something spectacular.

Special thanks to Project Manager Jen Falding, Event Manager Susan Lees, Superintendent Jonathan Davies and Superintendent Mark Morgan. All images ©Liverpool City Council & Jason Roberts, used with full permission.

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 15 A PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH TO SAFETY AT LARGE EVENTS IN PUBLIC SPACES: FROM RISK TO SCENARIO ASSESSMENT

anagaing the crowd conference held in Matera. SAFETY AND SECURITY OF LARGE at large events in PUBLIC SPACE EVENTS public spaces is a To satisfy this necessity means to diŽcult task. Pre- make the artistic and cultural herit- During the conference, Fabio Dattilo scriptive approaches age, exhibited to large crowds during highlighted four key elements for Mare not suitable while partial perfor- public events, safely accessible and safety and security of large events in mance and risk-based regulations (at exploitable, protecting both the people public spaces: national and local level) revealed to be and itself from the risks of being hurt ine¥ective. Tragic recent events have (the former) or damaged (the latter) 1. sharing information and accounta- demonstrated this (e.g. the Piazza San in case of a loss of control in crowd bilities with stakeholders; Carlo crowd incident in 2017, Turin management. 2. risk assessment as the basis to de- – Italy). The reason of their ine¥ective- fine the management strategy; ness relies on the peculiarities of both Matera is a very peculiar case study, 3. standards and laws; each large event (a football match, a complexity is given by the layout of 4. usage of modern tools to verify if concert, a festival) and the space in the town and the fact that the majority performance targets are reached which they are organized (a specific of buildings are excavated into the taking into account some key parame- stadium, an old town centre, a public mountain itself. park), that may nullify the benefits of a rigid approach using check-lists. Even Fig.1 Matera is a very peculiar case study in terms of layout complexity if yet performance-based.

PUBLIC EVENTS AND SECURITY

Taking inspiration from the safety needs of the events for Matera 2019 (European Capital of Culture for year 2019, see Fig.1), Fabio Dattilo (Head of Italian National Fire Corp), Salvatore Tafaro (Matera Provincial Fire Brigade Commander) and Luca Fiorentini (Executive Director of TECSA S.r.l. and SFPE Italy Vice President) discussed the necessity to integrate art and safety when managing large events in public spaces, during a dedicated

16 THE CROWD MAGAZINE ters when assessing complex situa- tions (like the number of participants, their features, the layout and space configuration).

BOWTIES: A PERFECT TOOL TO IDENTIFY AND ASSESS CROWDING- RELATED RISKS

After presenting a recap about the most recent regulations on fire safety in Italy, Salvatore Tafaro discussed the necessity to identify credible scenar- ios, representative and conservative, Fig.3 Pedestrian Dynamics by Incontrol Simulation Software of what can go wrong when managing such complex and large events. the new challenge for the risk ana- apart the peculiarities of the individu- lyst. Such problems, at both micro als who make the crowd. BowTies are a perfect tool to identify and macro level, are the base of the and assess crowding-related risks, emerging complexity and the need to The advanced simulation allows as shown in Fig.2. Before advanced use a shared, modern and pragmatic enables us important insights for some software simulations are used, this approach to analyse them from an aspects, however it is true that without identification has to be formalized to engineering point of view. a proper definition of the boundary define the scope and the “perimeter” conditions and the basic parameters, of what needs to be analysed and CONCLUSION or without a correct evaluation of the which are the safety targets to reach. results, also in terms of sensitivity, the The BowTies for this project have It is possible to claim that, in analogy outcomes cannot be used as a reliable been developed using BowTieXP by with the spirit of the current laws base to make informed decisions. CGE Risk Management Solutions, NL. about safety protection, fire and se- curity prevention, the “sustainability” Only a shared and rigorous approach THE NEW CHALLENGE FOR RISK ANA- warranty of high complex events can- allows us to go from data to informa- LYSTS OF LARGE EVENTS not prescind from the definition of a tion, and from here, to decisions by resilient strategy which is participated stakeholders. Beyond the available Finally, Luca Fiorentini talked about a and shared among all the stakeholders tools, this remains the true challenge preliminary fundamental step before and is based on a serious and initial for the insiders. launching a software simulation like risk assessment. Pedestrian Dynamics by Incontrol Special thanks to Fabio Dattilo (Head Simulation Software (Fig.3) allows: it’s This must take into account all the sce- of Italian National Fire Corp), Salvatore the knowledge of human behaviour, narios characterised by both hard and Tafaro (Matera Provincial Fire Brigade intended both as individuals and the soft elements (like parked cars, chairs Commander) and Luca Fiorentini crowd. and tables along the path) and, in the (Executive Director of TECSA S.r.l. and meanwhile, must allow to consider SFPE Italy Vice President). The same word “crowd” hides an the macroscopic and undetermined intrinsic undetermination that is e¥ects of the crowd without leaving

Fig.2 Developed BowTie to assess crowding-related risks in Matera

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 17 A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO WELFARE When it comes to employee welfare and people management, there are very few businesses that can compete with FGH. The consistently high standards set by the team have won them a myriad of accolades. Peter Harrison, Managing Director at FGH, got in touch to tell us about their approach to welfare, and how other providers can follow suit to help raise working standards across the industry.

ny security provider that uphold our welfare provision and let For those of you not familiar with does not acknowledge the us know that it is fully e¥ective. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the occasional slipping of a bad framework comprises a five-tier model egg into the troops is frankly A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH of human needs including physio- not being truthful. Similarly, logical, safety and security, love and Awe have all had good people leave a At FGH we created our welfare poli- belonging, self-esteem, and self-actu- show unexpectedly and faced can- cies with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs alisation. didates leaving employment without (1943) in mind. If we want people to giving any notice. This in conjunction excel and flourish, to make good deci- This pyramid of fulfilment underpins with times of increased deployment sions, to be alert and apply knowledge our people management ethos and activity, and additional customer we have shared – then we must start shapes our provisions when teams are requirements, makes large crowd with the basics and work up. deployed at events. management deployments additional- ly complex. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1943) is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier Each time we are faced with such model of human needs problems, we reflect, review, and con- sider the things which make life easier, improve and streamline recruitment and increase retainment rates.

This has led us to configure our people management solutions around our values: we recruit using our values, we train using our values, reward and recognise those people that use our values. Our values are constantly imparted to our team, especially those working in supervisory and leader- ship roles. We rely on our people to

18 THE CROWD MAGAZINE PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS We supply all our people with a sports we do not charge or take a deposit for We provide three meals a day; our bottle, saving around 200,000 plastic any of our uniform. As standard our menu is designed in coordination bottles annually from the landfill; team are issued with woolly hats for with a caterer who is present at every Supervisors are rigorous in checking the cold and baseball caps for the sun. event. We ensure it fulfils an individ- bottles are present and full prior to They have a jumper for the midnight ual’s daily calorie requirements and starting shift. chill and waterproof jackets for the have a ready supply of fruit to snack British summer rainfalls. on throughout the day. Our team have access to tea and co¥ees, everyone is provided with a All of our team are provided with We lead from the front with regards reusable travel mug and we are sure ear defence, sunscreen and gloves as to healthy eating practices, ensure the to keep responsibly sourced brews standard. This is not only readily avail- team get 5 portions of fruit and veg a flowing day and night for people able, but we encourage team mem- day, provideing and catering for die- working on various shift patterns. This bers to take supplies with them and tary preferences. 2018 saw us ban the is always free of charge and when the we actively top them up with supplies sale of all energy drinks from the sta¥ heavens open (good old British sum- whilst out on shift. canteen and 2019 saw us replace all mers) our management and welfare chocolate bars with cereal bars. teams patrol with flasks of tea and cof- We take a large freezer everywhere fee to ensure that though the weather we go, filled with cold treats. Inspired For 2020 initiatives that we are may be drab, spirits remain high! by the Indian Dabbawalas, we have a considering include doing our bit to complex logistical plan that is ac- help climate change by introducing at SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS tioned at the point the temperature least one meat-free day at our festival reaches 25 degrees. This has seen us deployments. Our Uniform provisions cover all even- deliver as many as 300 ice lollies in as tualities, it’s also worth mentioning that little as 15 minutes. We can repeat this

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 19 up to three or four times a day. available for all our people from the ment within two hours every time. We first day of their employment. don’t want them worrying about loved As we recruit one team for the whole ones either, so family members who season, and do not recruit locally for We o¥er plenty of face-to- face support, live in the same household are also each event, the team travel with us. but sometimes people prefer speaking included. It is not uncommon for a person on to a stranger therefore we also o¥er patrol to cover a marathon on foot a helpline that is completely anony- Finally, we host a whole range of daily. Naturally foot problems are rife, mous; it was used over 100 times this Christmas parties across multiple cit- so we bring a foot doctor out to site to summer. ies; all paid for. To keep the fitness and give advice on looking after our feet. camaraderie up, we host hiking events They have been known on occasions We have a 24/7 team available onsite out-of-season that have seen our team to even perform minor surgery! to assist with personal needs of all scale Scafell, Helvellyn and Skiddaw to employees, the team keep a log of all name a few. We also recruit from and sponsor HR needs that is relayed to our People sports’ teams (over a dozen at last and Culture Manager post-event. They SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS count) and encourage physical fitness have a stock of spare sleeping bags in our team. Everyone needs to main- and tents, phone chargers of every We performance manage all our tain a good level of physical fitness to type and are all trained in o¥ering employees and create ILPs (Individual facilitate positive mental health. We mental health support. Learner Plans) to facilitate excellence, take a mobile gym to all our large de- and help our sta¥ feel confident that ployments and run a running club for We provide free transport from key they can handle the challenges of the all interested parties from site. transport hubs, this allows our team to job. We’re not happy limiting our sta¥ get to work well-rested and frees them to basic SIA training, so have devised LOVE AND BELONGING NEEDS from the worry of transport costs. additional free mandatory training Our team are typically away from in H&S, Safeguarding, Mental Health, We recognise that most people will home a lot, so it is only right we pro- First Aid, Rape and Sexual Assault experience mental health challenges vide free of charge private medical Awareness, Drugs Awareness and at some point in their lives. With this care for all our people. They can have Counter Terrorism. in mind, we have organised a 24/7 access to a GP on the telephone, or via anonymous wellbeing helpline that is FaceTime, with a guaranteed appoint- When the season is over, we hold a

20 THE CROWD MAGAZINE variety of presentation nights, that see feature as a Times Top 100 employer. we have seen an uplift in employee us give Bronze, Silver, Gold and Plat- NPS (net promotor scores), happier inum awards out. This includes over We are also the only one to ever customers, better feedback from the 400 T-shirts, sweatshirts and hoodies achieve a Mind Wellbeing Award. In public, more people wishing to join embossed with our company values 2019 we achieved Silver accreditation our team (we receive 2000 expres- and customer logos. and were ranked as the 39th best sions of interest for 200 positions each organisation in the UK on the wellbe- year), better retention and more refer- For the past three years we have ing index. rals from current employees. rewarded and incentivised our team members with a holiday prize draw; REFINING OUR PRACTICES We are not perfect, we are always ra¶e tickets are distributed propor- learning and will continue to refine tionate to events partaken in. It’s seen We hope this article has provided and hone our practices, but always us send 20 of our team on holidays some insight and ideas into the work with sta¥ welfare in mind. abroad that they could never normally that goes on behind the scenes to a¥ord. keep a crowd management operation If you’d like to become part of FGH running. Welfare provision really Security’s success story please see SELF-ACTUALISATION comes into its own when conditions their advert on page 29. Alternatively, are tough, when weather is bad, when would you like to find out how FGH Finally, we train in supervision and something doesn’t go to plan and can enhance your event? Visit www. management but also recognise lead- extra hours are needed, those times fghsecurity.co.uk to find out more. ership as a separate training module, when an incident occurs, and people furthermore, we require training as need extra support. part of incremental pay increases. Trainers are positioned within the During these diŽcult times we need business to help identify and encour- to provide a little bit more to help age future leaders across the business. our sta¥ dig deeper, and they give a Finally, we are the only security and little bit more in return. From FGH’s crowd management company to ever experience, since investing in welfare,

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 21 22 THE CROWD MAGAZINE THE PROLIFERATION OF DRONE USE IN CROWD SAFETY AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT

UK-based company Crowded Space major events, geographically across all from the Civil Aviation Authority to fly Drones have become synonymous of the United Kingdom. We now have a drones in these areas, however they with drone use at major events. It is basis to classify the level of risk posed. almost never reduce the requirement hard to find a major event they do not For example, based on our data, a to be 150m from crowds. have a role in, either through protect- major event in Belfast or Swansea is ing against illegal drones or using much more likely to have illegal drone Due to our experience and specialism, drones for crowd safety and counter activity than Birmingham. we have obtained a licence to fly as terrorism. close as 20m as our flights are typi- At the same time, it is crucial to not cally for counter terrorism and public As a result, their team travel around overstate the issue. Many major events safety. the world to assist governments and passed o¥ without illegal drone activi- law enforcement on this very current ty, however we always advise you put Unfortunately, from a crowded spaces threat to crowded places. robust measures in place such as well point of view, 2020 brings the adop- briefed procedures. tion of European drone laws into the We talked to Andrew McQuillan, UK. This means drones will be able to Director of Crowded Space Drones, What are the current rules and legisla- fly closer and due to the way the new to find out how those responsible for tion in place to protect crowded places legislation is structured around the crowded places and event manage- from drones? weight of each drone, it is becoming ment can protect themselves. exceptionally confusing to work out Almost all drone legislation is con- what is a legally flown drone and what Do you think drones pose a threat to tained within the Air Navigation Order is illegal. crowds? 2016, which gets updated usually a few times a year. This states that any In our opinion this new legislation Through various aspects of our work drone cannot fly within 150m of any adds a complexity that is detrimental dealing with illegal drones, we have crowded place (referred to in a law to the safety of crowded spaces from verified there is a threat to crowded as congested area) or specifically drones. places and major events from drones. a crowd. As the law states drones The vast majority of these are people cannot fly over 120m (400ft) above Continued over the page... being reckless rather than with crimi- ground, the 150m restriction means nal intent. drones cannot overfly crowded spaces or crowds. In the summer of 2019 we dealt with almost 1,000 illegal drones at UK You can however hold a permission

THE CROWD MAGAZINE 23 Do we shoot the drones out of the sky to for any 2020 event. This is a marked praised our downlink as allowing stop them? change from 2019 events and is due them to understand the incident with- to the number of requests and also in seconds, rather than the minutes of In the UK legislation does not permit some events refusing lawful flights in trying to piece together information use of technology to take drones out of the local area (such as roof surveys) sources and CCTV. This undoubtedly the sky in any way. which is not permitted. helped prevent any injuries or worse.

You can obtain a licence from the An organiser who restricts airspace What advice would you give to those re- Home OŽce and a Police Gold Com- is still required to permit some flights sponsible for crowded places and event mander but this is reserved for con- where the pilot contacts them in management? firmed attacks such as Gatwick and advance with timings, flight plan and Heathrow or visiting Presidents/Kings/ purpose. The first step is to not spend any mon- Queens. ey where you do not need to. Many How can drones assist with crowd safety events successfully protect themselves It is also prohibitively expensive with management? through very good procedures and most solutions costing north of £10- switched on sta¥ who have followed 15,000 per twelve-hour deployment. The key thing that makes a drone drones back to the pilot location. Our work for the UK Government and view better than CCTV is our ability major events has seen positive results to overcome obstacles such as struc- If you have not previously had a sig- through tracking illegal drones and tures or trees, giving those in charge nificant threat from drones, this is the locating the pilot. We use a multitude the best possible view. best initial step as long as you have a of electronic systems combined to documented policy and procedures achieve this and it has a high success To give an example of how e¥ective communicated to responders. rate. this is, our team were involved in one incident this summer at a major event If you do have a concern or threat The biggest stumbling block is the where one activity onsite finished about drones, seek out free non-com- lack of powers for security to deal with early. This arena had been at capac- mercial advice on what the best way the pilots and o¥ences as they are not ity and the crowd wanted to leave to deal with the problem is. As we indictable. This is a key area that we that area to go to food vendors, bars work for the government and do not have been instrumental in influencing and other onsite activities. The crowd sell drone detection system instal- through a working group with DfT, could go into channels left or right of lations, we are happy to give such NPCC, CAA and major events organis- a group of traders in the connecting advice at no cost. We have used most ers to coordinate from 2020 onwards. channel. Almost the entire crowd drone detection systems on the mar- decided to go left, despite the right ket and some may or may not be e¥ec- Should I just apply to close the Airspace? route being almost empty. CCTV tive for an event based on topography, was mounted around 15m above the infrastructure and size of site etc. Whilst this is an option, the CAA have ground. determined the need to prove an The next step is to consult with Police, aviation safety risk, not crowd safety The CCTV could not give the infor- if they are ‘burying their heads in the risk, to issue a restriction of airspace mation the Crowd Management team sand’ about the threat of drones you needed in Event Control as it was too will not be able to further any action if low down, they had to switch be- you do detect a drone. They need, and tween multiple cameras to try and get usually are, supportive of solving the an overview. issue.

We took o¥ from the far end of the All images provided ©Crowded Space The biggest site and were overhead in less than Drones. stumbling block is 90 seconds, we were able to give an instant overview from which the the lack of powers Crowd Management team reacted and stopped flow into the area. Using for security to deal our high powered zoom cameras, we with the pilots and then could scan the area to verify no injured persons or crowd collapses offences as they had occurred.

are not indictable The Crowd Management team

24 THE CROWD MAGAZINE THE CROWD MAGAZINE 25 CROWD SOURCE YOUR SOURCE OF TRUSTED INDUSTRY SUPPLIERS

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      e del ver t e r t eo le to re resent o n t e est oss le w .      ee w so m n events ven es nd     est v ls w nt to wor w t s.

sec r t .co. see ­ ‚­ƒ„­‚ƒ     ­€ www.controlledevents.com

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THE CROWD MAGAZINE 27 NEWS 2020 INTERNATIONAL CROWD SAFETY THE ICSC IS SET TO RETURN IN 2020 CONFERENCE

The Crowd Magazine are pleased to “The crowd safety profession is premier event for crowd safety profes- announce they have acquired the growing by the year, and as I said at sionals’. rights to The International Crowd ~ the last conference, I really hope we Safety Conference (ICSC). can continue to attract people from all To ensure the event remains free, a over the world and use this event as a series of sponsorship and exhibiting Founded in 2016 by Andy Hollinson, forum to share best practice.” opportunities will be available for the ICSC has already been delivered event. successfully on two occasions, first The Crowd Magazine team has in 2016 at The National Motorcycle ambitious plans for the conference, Potential sponsors/exhibitors can Museum (Birmingham), and more with hopes of replicating the very first expect to receive extensive market- recently in 2018 at Olympia () event. Those of you who attended will ing support and advertising across a co-located at The International Securi- still recall the expert speaker line-up, wide-range of platforms including The ty Expo. and distinctive performances by both Crowd Magazine's printed, digital and Kris Akabusi and Roger Black. App versions. Edition #1 of the Crowd The vision from the start was to Magazine was viewed in 23 countries provide a conference that profession- Looking forward to 2020, The Crowd and has received over 14,000 views. als could attend, free of charge, and Magazine team have contracted include presentations from some of the Dynamize Marketing, experts in the To enquire about these opportunities crowd safety world’s finest minds. crowd safety and security sector, to and obtain early discounts and bene- plan and deliver the event, with the fits please email advertising@thecrowd- Andy Hollinson commented, clear directive to ‘make this the worlds magazine.co.uk.

INTRODUCING THE EVENT SAFETY MANAGERS ASSOCIATION those working at live events. the British Safety Council - these organisations just do not fully cater Speaking of the new trade association, for the needs of live events industry Steve Blake commented, “The compe- safety managers. However, we will tence of event safety advisors and con- involve and work with them wherever sultants operating within the industry possible.” has become a major issue and the A new professional entertainment association has been founded in order The ESMA is a not-for-profit organ- and event trade association has been to give event organisers, promoters, isation limited by guarantee, and a formed in the UK by event safety spe- local authorities and Government committee has already been put in cialists Steve Blake and Chris Hannam. agencies the confidence in the event place for the first 12 months to oversee safety professionals that they engage, the formation of the association. The Event Safety Managers Asso- employ or attempt to assess.” ciation (ESMA) aims to become the Membership is now open to individ- leading independent voice of UK live The ESMA aims to support and work uals, companies, organisations and event safety managers, consultants with all existing organisations cohe- charities - all of which are encouraged and advisors. sivley and not take-over, dominate or to join and take part. dictate in any way. The aim of the ESMA is to help For further information please see the influence legislation and develop Co-founder Chris Hannam comment- ESMA web site at www.esma.org.uk or industry-wide standards whilst also ed, “While we fully respect the work contact Chris on +447831437062. providing mentoring and training to of IOSH, IIRSM, NCRQ, NEBOSH and

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28 THE CROWD MAGAZINE RECRUITMENT THE CROWD MAGAZINE 29

training will be given. be will training WE ARE LOOKING LOOKING ARE WE TURNSTILE OPERATIVES TURNSTILE SIA SECURITY STEWARDS SECURITY SIA CAR PARKING STEWARDS STEWARDS PARKING CAR MATCHDAY SAFETY STEWARDS SAFETY MATCHDAY Level 2 or 3 NVQ qualifications in Spectator in qualifications NVQ 3 or 2 Level TO RECRUIT THE FOLLOWING THE RECRUIT TO Applicants will be 18+ and will be required to required be will and 18+ be will Applicants have a checkable, acceptable criminal record. criminal acceptable checkable, a have work weekend and weekday games and must and games weekday and weekend work FOR MORE DETAILS OR TO APPLY, EMAIL FOR MORE DETAILS OR TO APPLY, Safety are advantageous but not necessary as full as necessary not but advantageous are Safety MICHELLE WALTON - [email protected] er .ocrowd .co. t r sec WE’VE TURNED THE SECURITY THE SECURITY e n oe n e e o st. l o mes e t on one onl e t INDUSTRY ON m n e o r r nd or or to e t n n om s wr e s er t r ec est e re we w s t m n e t o s cs so. stor ccess s r o o rt e nd ome ITS HEAD. ISSUE #3 MARCH 2020 THE DISCUSSION CONTINUES OVER AT WWW.THECROWDMAGAZINE.CO.UK INTERNATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE FOR CROWD & SAFETY MANAGEMENT

The IBIT delivers Consultancy services Research in crowd safety, security and emergency management Professional courses (German / English) The IBIT hosts IBIT Event Safety Symposium ‘s leading conference for event safety professionals th th 2019 November 12 -13 , Olympiastadion More than 35 lectures & workshops (German / English) More than 400 delegates Event safety exhibition

…by the way: we publish a magazine, too…

The IBIT is happy to support international event managers, planners and production companies in their work in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

www.ibit.eu Setting the international standards in crowd safety training.

Our team of crowd safety experts work with some of the biggest stadiums, brands and events organisers in the world to ensure they have the right skills to provide robust crowd management support. Our extensive training courses and consultancy services include;

Training Consultancy Apprenticeships, entry-level Tabletop exercises, safety courses, bespoke training, SIA reviews, crowd safety courses, spectator safety, pit management planning, crowd barrier training, crowd safety flow dynamics, safety officer science and degree-level support, football stadium management training. reviews and crowd modelling.

Wherever you are in the world, we are committed to setting the international standards in crowd safety training. www.crowdsafetytraining.com