Acute Inactivation of the Replicative Helicase in Human Cells Triggers MCM8–9-Dependent DNA Synthesis
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Functional Roles of Bromodomain Proteins in Cancer
cancers Review Functional Roles of Bromodomain Proteins in Cancer Samuel P. Boyson 1,2, Cong Gao 3, Kathleen Quinn 2,3, Joseph Boyd 3, Hana Paculova 3 , Seth Frietze 3,4,* and Karen C. Glass 1,2,4,* 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (J.B.); [email protected] (H.P.) 4 University of Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05405, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (K.C.G.) Simple Summary: This review provides an in depth analysis of the role of bromodomain-containing proteins in cancer development. As readers of acetylated lysine on nucleosomal histones, bromod- omain proteins are poised to activate gene expression, and often promote cancer progression. We examined changes in gene expression patterns that are observed in bromodomain-containing proteins and associated with specific cancer types. We also mapped the protein–protein interaction network for the human bromodomain-containing proteins, discuss the cellular roles of these epigenetic regu- lators as part of nine different functional groups, and identify bromodomain-specific mechanisms in cancer development. Lastly, we summarize emerging strategies to target bromodomain proteins in cancer therapy, including those that may be essential for overcoming resistance. Overall, this review provides a timely discussion of the different mechanisms of bromodomain-containing pro- Citation: Boyson, S.P.; Gao, C.; teins in cancer, and an updated assessment of their utility as a therapeutic target for a variety of Quinn, K.; Boyd, J.; Paculova, H.; cancer subtypes. -
Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model
Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 T + is online at: average * The Journal of Immunology , 34 of which you can access for free at: 2016; 197:1477-1488; Prepublished online 1 July from submission to initial decision 4 weeks from acceptance to publication 2016; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600589 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/197/4/1477 Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8 Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model Katherine A. Waugh, Sonia M. Leach, Brandon L. Moore, Tullia C. Bruno, Jonathan D. Buhrman and Jill E. Slansky J Immunol cites 95 articles Submit online. Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists ? is published twice each month by Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts http://jimmunol.org/subscription Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2016/07/01/jimmunol.160058 9.DCSupplemental This article http://www.jimmunol.org/content/197/4/1477.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The JI No Triage! Fast Publication! Rapid Reviews! 30 days* Why • • • Material References Permissions Email Alerts Subscription Supplementary The Journal of Immunology The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2016 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. This information is current as of September 25, 2021. The Journal of Immunology Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model Katherine A. -
Supplementary Table S1. Correlation Between the Mutant P53-Interacting Partners and PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2, Based on Data from Starbase V3.0 Database
Supplementary Table S1. Correlation between the mutant p53-interacting partners and PTTG3P, PTTG1 and PTTG2, based on data from StarBase v3.0 database. PTTG3P PTTG1 PTTG2 Gene ID Coefficient-R p-value Coefficient-R p-value Coefficient-R p-value NF-YA ENSG00000001167 −0.077 8.59e-2 −0.210 2.09e-6 −0.122 6.23e-3 NF-YB ENSG00000120837 0.176 7.12e-5 0.227 2.82e-7 0.094 3.59e-2 NF-YC ENSG00000066136 0.124 5.45e-3 0.124 5.40e-3 0.051 2.51e-1 Sp1 ENSG00000185591 −0.014 7.50e-1 −0.201 5.82e-6 −0.072 1.07e-1 Ets-1 ENSG00000134954 −0.096 3.14e-2 −0.257 4.83e-9 0.034 4.46e-1 VDR ENSG00000111424 −0.091 4.10e-2 −0.216 1.03e-6 0.014 7.48e-1 SREBP-2 ENSG00000198911 −0.064 1.53e-1 −0.147 9.27e-4 −0.073 1.01e-1 TopBP1 ENSG00000163781 0.067 1.36e-1 0.051 2.57e-1 −0.020 6.57e-1 Pin1 ENSG00000127445 0.250 1.40e-8 0.571 9.56e-45 0.187 2.52e-5 MRE11 ENSG00000020922 0.063 1.56e-1 −0.007 8.81e-1 −0.024 5.93e-1 PML ENSG00000140464 0.072 1.05e-1 0.217 9.36e-7 0.166 1.85e-4 p63 ENSG00000073282 −0.120 7.04e-3 −0.283 1.08e-10 −0.198 7.71e-6 p73 ENSG00000078900 0.104 2.03e-2 0.258 4.67e-9 0.097 3.02e-2 Supplementary Table S2. -
Gene Expression Profiling Analysis Contributes to Understanding the Association Between Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate, and Cancer
2110 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 13: 2110-2116, 2016 Gene expression profiling analysis contributes to understanding the association between non-syndromic cleft lip and palate, and cancer HONGYI WANG, TAO QIU, JIE SHI, JIULONG LIANG, YANG WANG, LIANGLIANG QUAN, YU ZHANG, QIAN ZHANG and KAI TAO Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China Received March 10, 2015; Accepted December 18, 2015 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4802 Abstract. The present study aimed to investigate the for NSCL/P were implicated predominantly in the TGF-β molecular mechanisms underlying non-syndromic cleft lip, signaling pathway, the cell cycle and in viral carcinogenesis. with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), and the association The TP53, CDK1, SMAD3, PIK3R1 and CASP3 genes were between this disease and cancer. The GSE42589 data set found to be associated, not only with NSCL/P, but also with was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus data- cancer. These results may contribute to a better understanding base, and contained seven dental pulp stem cell samples of the molecular mechanisms of NSCL/P. from children with NSCL/P in the exfoliation period, and six controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were Introduction screened using the RankProd method, and their potential functions were revealed by pathway enrichment analysis and Non-syndromic cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) construction of a pathway interaction network. Subsequently, is one of the most common types of congenital defect and cancer genes were obtained from six cancer databases, and affects 3.4-22.9/10,000 individuals worldwide (1). -
Signature of Progression and Negative Outcome in Colorectal Cancer
Oncogene (2010) 29, 876–887 & 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0950-9232/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/onc ORIGINAL ARTICLE A ‘DNA replication’ signature of progression and negative outcome in colorectal cancer M-J Pillaire1,7, J Selves2,7, K Gordien2, P-A Gouraud3, C Gentil3, M Danjoux2,CDo3, V Negre4, A Bieth1, R Guimbaud2, D Trouche5, P Pasero6,MMe´chali6, J-S Hoffmann1 and C Cazaux1 1Genetic Instability and Cancer Group, Department Biology of Cancer, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, UMR5089 CNRS, University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; 2INSERM U563, Federation of Digestive Cancerology and Department of Anatomo-pathology, University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; 3Service of Epidemiology, INSERM U558, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Alle´es Jules Guesde, Toulouse, France; 4aCGH GSO Canceropole Platform, INSERM U868, Val d’Aurelle, Montpellier, France; 5Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cell Proliferation Control, UMR 5099 CNRS, University of Toulouse, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France and 6Institute of Human Genetics UPR1142 CNRS, Montpellier, France Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers Introduction worldwide. As the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging classification does not allow to predict the survival of DNA replication in normal cells is regulated by an patients in many cases, additional prognostic factors are ‘origin licensing’ mechanism that ensures that it occurs needed to better forecast their outcome. Genes involved in just once per cycle. Once cells enter the S-phase, the DNA replication may represent an underexplored source stability of DNA replication forks must be preserved to of such prognostic markers. -
Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 8 and 9 Gene Expression in the Menstrual Cycle and Unexplained Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics (2019) 36:57–64 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-018-1325-z GENETICS Minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 and 9 gene expression in the menstrual cycle and unexplained primary ovarian insufficiency Yelena Dondik1,2 & Zhenmin Lei1 & Jeremy Gaskins1 & Kelly Pagidas1 Received: 2 July 2018 /Accepted: 20 September 2018 /Published online: 1 October 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Purpose DNA repair genes Minichromosome maintenance complex component (MCM) 8 and 9 have been linked with gonadal development, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and age at menopause. Our objective was to characterize MCM 8 and 9 gene expression in the menstrual cycle, and to compare MCM 8/9 expression in POI vs normo-ovulatory women. Methods Normo-ovulatory controls (n = 11) and unexplained POI subjects (n = 6) were recruited. Controls provided three blood samples within one menstrual cycle: (1) early follicular phase, (2) ovulation, and (3) mid-luteal phase. Six of 11 controls only provided a follicular phase sample. Amenorrheic POI subjects provided a single, random blood sample. MCM8/9 expression in peripheral blood was assessed with qRTPCR. Analyses were performed using delta-Ct measurements; group differences were transformed to a fold change (FC) and confidence interval (CI). Differences across menstrual cycle phases were compared using random effects ANOVA. Two-sample t tests were used to compare two groups. Results MCM8 expression was significantly lower at ovulation and during the luteal phase, when compared to the follicular phase [FC = 0.69 in the luteal vs follicular phase (p = 0.012, CI = 0.53, 0.90); and 0.65 in the ovulatory vs follicular phase (p = 0.0057, CI = 0.50, 0.85)]. -
Chromosome Duplication in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
| YEASTBOOK GENOME ORGANIZATION AND INTEGRITY Chromosome Duplication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Stephen P. Bell*,1 and Karim Labib†,1 *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and yMedical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2876-610X (S.P.B.) ABSTRACT The accurate and complete replication of genomic DNA is essential for all life. In eukaryotic cells, the assembly of the multi-enzyme replisomes that perform replication is divided into stages that occur at distinct phases of the cell cycle. Replicative DNA helicases are loaded around origins of DNA replication exclusively during G1 phase. The loaded helicases are then activated during S phase and associate with the replicative DNA polymerases and other accessory proteins. The function of the resulting replisomes is monitored by checkpoint proteins that protect arrested replisomes and inhibit new initiation when replication is inhibited. The replisome also coordinates nucleosome disassembly, assembly, and the establishment of sister chromatid cohesion. Finally, when two replisomes converge they are disassembled. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have led the way in our understanding of these processes. Here, we review our increasingly molecular understanding of these events and their regulation. KEYWORDS DNA replication; cell cycle; chromatin; chromosome duplication; genome stability; -
Working on Genomic Stability: from the S-Phase to Mitosis
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Working on Genomic Stability: From the S-Phase to Mitosis Sara Ovejero 1,2,3,* , Avelino Bueno 1,4 and María P. Sacristán 1,4,* 1 Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] 2 Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France 3 Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France 4 Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.O.); [email protected] (M.P.S.); Tel.: +34-923-294808 (M.P.S.) Received: 31 January 2020; Accepted: 18 February 2020; Published: 20 February 2020 Abstract: Fidelity in chromosome duplication and segregation is indispensable for maintaining genomic stability and the perpetuation of life. Challenges to genome integrity jeopardize cell survival and are at the root of different types of pathologies, such as cancer. The following three main sources of genomic instability exist: DNA damage, replicative stress, and chromosome segregation defects. In response to these challenges, eukaryotic cells have evolved control mechanisms, also known as checkpoint systems, which sense under-replicated or damaged DNA and activate specialized DNA repair machineries. Cells make use of these checkpoints throughout interphase to shield genome integrity before mitosis. Later on, when the cells enter into mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is activated and remains active until the chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus to ensure an equal segregation among daughter cells. -
Genetics of Azoospermia
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Genetics of Azoospermia Francesca Cioppi , Viktoria Rosta and Csilla Krausz * Department of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; francesca.cioppi@unifi.it (F.C.); viktoria.rosta@unifi.it (V.R.) * Correspondence: csilla.krausz@unifi.it Abstract: Azoospermia affects 1% of men, and it can be due to: (i) hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, (ii) primary quantitative spermatogenic disturbances, (iii) urogenital duct obstruction. Known genetic factors contribute to all these categories, and genetic testing is part of the routine diagnostic workup of azoospermic men. The diagnostic yield of genetic tests in azoospermia is different in the different etiological categories, with the highest in Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens (90%) and the lowest in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) due to primary testicular failure (~30%). Whole- Exome Sequencing allowed the discovery of an increasing number of monogenic defects of NOA with a current list of 38 candidate genes. These genes are of potential clinical relevance for future gene panel-based screening. We classified these genes according to the associated-testicular histology underlying the NOA phenotype. The validation and the discovery of novel NOA genes will radically improve patient management. Interestingly, approximately 37% of candidate genes are shared in human male and female gonadal failure, implying that genetic counselling should be extended also to female family members of NOA patients. Keywords: azoospermia; infertility; genetics; exome; NGS; NOA; Klinefelter syndrome; Y chromosome microdeletions; CBAVD; congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Citation: Cioppi, F.; Rosta, V.; Krausz, C. Genetics of Azoospermia. 1. Introduction Int. J. Mol. Sci. -
Chromosomal Instability in Women with Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Human Reproduction, Vol.33, No.3 pp. 531–538, 2018 Advanced Access publication on February 7, 2018 doi:10.1093/humrep/dey012 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reproductive genetics Chromosomal instability in women with primary ovarian insufficiency † † Sunita Katari1,2, , Mahmoud Aarabi1,3, , Angela Kintigh3, Susan Mann3, Svetlana A. Yatsenko1,3,4,5,6, Joseph S. Sanfilippo1,2, Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/33/3/531/4841816 by guest on 27 September 2021 Anthony J. Zeleznik2,6, and Aleksandar Rajkovic1,3,4,5,6,* 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 2Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 3Medical Genetics & Genomics Laboratories, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA 4Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA 5Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA 6Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA *Correspondence address. Magee Womens Research Institute, 204 Craft Ave., A224, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted on November 28, 2017; resubmitted on January 7, 2018; accepted on January 19, 2018 STUDY QUESTION: What is the prevalence of somatic chromosomal instability among women with idiopathic primary ovarian insuffi- ciency (POI)? SUMMARY ANSWER: A subset of women with idiopathic POI may have functional impairment in DNA repair leading to chromosomal instability in their soma. -
Eukaryotic Replicative Helicase Subunit Interaction with DNA and Its Role in DNA Replication
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Eukaryotic Replicative Helicase Subunit Interaction with DNA and Its Role in DNA Replication Matthew P. Martinez, Amanda L. Wacker, Irina Bruck and Daniel L. Kaplan * Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; [email protected] (M.P.M.); [email protected] (A.L.W.); [email protected] (I.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-850-645-0237 Academic Editors: Linda Bloom and Jörg Bungert Received: 17 February 2017; Accepted: 31 March 2017; Published: 6 April 2017 Abstract: The replicative helicase unwinds parental double-stranded DNA at a replication fork to provide single-stranded DNA templates for the replicative polymerases. In eukaryotes, the replicative helicase is composed of the Cdc45 protein, the heterohexameric ring-shaped Mcm2-7 complex, and the tetrameric GINS complex (CMG). The CMG proteins bind directly to DNA, as demonstrated by experiments with purified proteins. The mechanism and function of these DNA-protein interactions are presently being investigated, and a number of important discoveries relating to how the helicase proteins interact with DNA have been reported recently. While some of the protein-DNA interactions directly relate to the unwinding function of the enzyme complex, other protein-DNA interactions may be important for minichromosome maintenance (MCM) loading, origin melting or replication stress. This review describes our current understanding of how the eukaryotic replicative helicase subunits interact with DNA structures in vitro, and proposed models for the in vivo functions of replicative helicase-DNA interactions are also described. -
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! ""! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I dedicate this thesis to my parents who inspired me to become a scientist through invigorating scientific discussions at the dinner table even when I was too young to understand what the hippocampus was. They also prepared me for the ups and downs of science and supported me through all of these experiences. I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn and my thesis committee members Dr. Eric Verdin, and Dr. Emmanuelle Passegue. Liz created a nurturing and supportive environment for me to explore my own ideas, while at the same time teaching me how to love science, test my questions, and of course provide endless ways to think about telomeres and telomerase. Eric and Emmanuelle both gave specific critical advice about the proper experiments for T cells and both volunteered their lab members for further critical advice. I always felt inspired with a sense of direction after thesis committee meetings. The Blackburn lab is full of smart and dedicated scientists whom I am thankful for their support. Specifically Dr. Shang Li and Dr. Brad Stohr for their stimulating scientific debates and “arguments.” Dr. Jue Lin, Dana Smith, Kyle Lapham, Dr. Tet Matsuguchi, and Kyle Jay for their friendships and discussions about what my data could possibly mean. Dr. Eva Samal for teaching me molecular biology techniques and putting up with my late night lab exercises. Beth Cimini for her expertise with microscopy, FACs, singing, and most of all for being a caring and supportive friend. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Imke Listerman, my scientific partner for most of the breast cancer experiments.