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Structure and Management of the National Automated System for Permanent Control of the Radiation Gamma Background in Bulgaria

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Land Forces Academy Review Vol. XXII, No 2(86), 2017 STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR PERMANENT CONTROL OF THE RADIATION GAMMA BACKGROUND IN BULGARIA Nicolai Todorov DOLCHINKOV “Vasil Levski” National Military University, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected] Nicolai Bonev NICHEV “Vasil Levski” National Military University, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected] ABSTRACT In the up-to-date complicated political situation it’s imperative to monitor the status of the radiation background not only in Bulgaria, but also in Europe and worldwide. Since 1992 in Bulgaria operates an automated system for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB). The system has been modernized by means of a European program during its last operation period and is connected with EURDEP – the European System for Exchange of Radiological Data of the European Commission. The operation of the System and its management are assigned to the Executive Environment Agency of the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources. In the present article we have shown the structure of the National Automated System for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB) and its functions. KEYWORDS: radiation background, control, management, probe, data 1. Introduction Nichev, 2016). Later it was found out, that After the radioactivity was discovered the space radiation comprises two in the beginning of the century the scientists components: primary radiation – of galactic had considered, that only the soil and the origin, penetrating into the atmosphere, and rocks were a source of radiation into the secondary space radiation – originating atmosphere. Yet very soon it had been from the reaction of the cosmic rays with discovered that when the altitude increased the nuclei of the air elements, with the (in experiments with balloons), also the space dust, precipitating on the planet and radioactive radiations increased, resulting others. This activity results mainly from from the space radiation (Dolchinkov and light radionuclides, such as: berrylium, DOI: 10.1515/raft-2017-0016 © 2017. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. 115 sodium, aluminium, vanadium and others. 2. System Structure The space rays, which are reaching the The structure of the System is surface of the Earth, are able to create radio hierarchical and it’s controlled by a isotopes, but their radioactivity, compared computer and consists of: to the other radionuclides of natural origin, A central monitoring Station to the is exceptionally low and is not of special Executive Environment Agency of the significance (Pivovarova and Mikhalev, Ministry of Environment and Water 2004). Resources, called “central station” (CS); The establishing of a National A mobile monitoring station to the Automated System for permanent control of National Centre for Environment and the radiation gamma background in Sustainable Development of the Ministry Bulgaria (BULRaMo) dates back to1992 for Environment and Water Resources, and was made by the German company called “mobile station” (MS); “Hormann” – GmbH. It was put into Nine regional monitoring stations operation in 1997. The authority, of the Regional Inspectorates for responsible for the establishing and Environment and Water Resources in the maintenance of the System, is the Ministry cities: Burgas, Montana, Pleven, Plovdiv, of Environment and Water Resources. The Rousse, Sofia, St. Zagora, Vratsa and Ministry for Environment and Water Varna, called “regional stations” (RS) (The Resources submits the data, collected by the Council of Ministers, 2013); System, to the EURDEP – European A reaction centre at the National Platform for Exchange of Radiation Data. Situation Centre of the Ministry of the This makes it possible to study the results Interior, situated at the Chief Directorate of the radiation monitoring from most “National Protection of Population European countries, among them also from Service”, called “reaction centre” (RC); Bulgaria (Executive Environment Agency, 2017). Figure no. 1: Location of the LMS on the map of Bulgaria (Executive Environment Agency, 2017) 116 An emergency station of the gamma probes have been installed in 16 out Agency for nuclear regulation, situated at of all 26 LMS. The company-manufacturer the Emergency Centre of the Agency, of the gamma-probes and of the rain called “emergency station” (ES); detectors is ENVINET GmbH. The new Twenty six local monitoring installed components are: stations, called “local stations” (LS). 1. A gamma probe: IGS421B-H, National Automated System for permanent measuring capacity of the ambient control of the radiation gamma background equivalent dose in µiSv/ri (Figure no. 2) commands 26 Local monitoring stations, (Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency, 2016); located in the towns of Vidin and Valchedram, in the village of Hayredin, in the town of Montana, in Selanovtsi village, in the towns Kneja, Vratsa, Veliko Tarnovo, at Petrokhan Peak, in the towns Pleven, Silistra, Rousse, Tervel, in Samuil village, at cape Kaliakra, at cape Emine, in Oresh village, in the towns Ahtopol, Varna, Elchovo, at Rojen Peak, in the town of Plovdiv, at Viden Peak, Oreliak Peak, Botev Peak and in Sofia (Figure no. 1) (Executive Environment Agency, 2017). The general management, direction, coordination, control of the operating conditions of the local stations and of the mobile station, the processing and visualization of the information from the automated system in normal situation are performed by the Central station, and in emergency conditions – by the reaction centre (Dolchinkov, 2016). The order of establishment, maintenance, exploitation and development Figure no. 2: Appearance of the gamma of the automated system is specified in probe IGS421B-H RCM No 434/19.11.1997, published in (Bulgarian Nuclear Regulatory Agency, 2016) State Gazette Nr. 112/28.11.1999. 2. Rain detector: RD203; 2.1. Composition and Scheme of the 3. The data logger – DLM1440 has a System selected ARM based processor module with In 1997 the National Automated an embedded Linux and Lan interface; System for permanent control of the 4. Spectrometric gamma probe – radiation gamma background began SARA IGS 710/910 (NaI/LaBr3); operating (BULRAMO). 5. Communication equipment – In 1999 all Local monitoring stations GPRS/3G and the communication equipment (LMS) on the territory of Bulgaria had been for the radio channels is preserved; completely put into operation and had been 6. Meteorological stations – EEA has added to the System. no obligation to measure the meteorological All measuring sensors have been parameters, also due to the fact, that the refurbished, and in addition spectrometric main manufacturers of equipments for 117 radiological monitoring systems in preserved, but their refurbishing is not environment don’t offer such equipment, stipulated (Figure no. 3.) (Ministry of the available meteorological stations are Environment and Water of Bulgaria, 2016). Figure no. 3: Block diagram of the LMS (Ministry of environment and water of Bulgaria, 2016) 3. Management of NASPCRGB The Executive Environment Agency The management of the National comprises general and specialized Automated System for permanent control of administration. The general administration the radiation gamma background supports technically the activity of the BULRAMO is performed by experts of the Executive Director and of the specialized Executive Environment Agency (EEA). administration. It is organized into two EEA is subordinated to the Ministry of Directorates: Environment and Water Resources and is Directorate “Finance, legal services, directly responsible for the monitoring of a administration and human resources”; great number of environmental parameters, Directorate “Information service and among them also the radiation situation technologies, international cooperation and (Council of Ministers, 2011). public relations”; 118 The specialized administration Administrates the network for implements information, regulative, radiologic monitoring of the environment – coordination and control functions according atmospheric air, surface waters, soils, waste to the authorities of the executive director. waters and products; It’s differentiated into three directorates: Administrates the National Chief directorate “Laboratory and Automated System for permanent control of analytical activity”; the radiation gamma background; Directorate “Monitoring and Administrates the Automated evaluation of the environment”; system for radiation monitoring of the Directorate “Permission regimes”; Danube river in the area around the Nuclear The directorate “Monitoring and Power Plant “Kozloduy”; evaluation of the environment” carries out Administrates the additional the administrative management of the monitoring Centre of the “RODOS” System National Automated System for permanent (Real-time On-line Decision Support) for control of the radiation gamma background support by taking of decisions in real time and of the Automated system for radiation in case of nuclear accidents, situated in the monitoring of the Danube river in the area Agency for nuclear regulation; around the Nuclear Power Plant Participates in the elaboration and “Kozloduy” (Vasilev, 2015). It works out implementation of the Information Sub- and publishes national representative system “radiological monitoring”, part of information about the condition of the the National System for Environmental
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