CBD Strategy and Action Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CBD Strategy and Action Plan SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE MEDIO AMBIENTE MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE CONSERVACIÓN DE LA NATURALEZA CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 4 INTRODUCTION 5 1. BASIC OBJECTIVES 8 2. GUIDING PRINCIPLES 9 PART ONE. BREAKDOWN OF THE CURRENT SITUATION 13 1. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 14 1.1 GENERAL FEATURES OF SPANISH GEOMORPHOLOGY 14 1.2 CLIMATE, RELIEF AND SOIL: THE NATURAL LANDSCAPE 16 1.3 THE COASTAL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 18 1.4 BIOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND BIOCLIMATIC STOREYS 19 2. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: COMPONENTS AND CONSERVATION STATUS 21 2.1 NATURAL HABITATS 22 2.1.1 THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT 22 2.1.2 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 26 2.2 WILD SPECIES 27 2.2.1 TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER SPECIES 27 2.2.2 MARINE SPECIES 33 2.3 GENETIC RESOURCES 36 2.3.1 CULTIVATED PLANTS 37 2.3.2 LIVESTOCK BREEDS 39 2.3.3 MICRO-ORGANISMS 41 2.3.4 MODIFIED LIVING ORGANISMS 42 2.3.5 ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES 43 2.3.6 GENETIC RESOURCE PROTECTION SYSTEMS 45 2.4 TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE 46 3. CURRENT STATE OF CONSERVATION INSTRUMENTS 48 3.1 SOCIAL INSTRUMENTS 48 3.2 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 52 3.3 ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS 58 3.4 INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTS 60 4. PROCESSES AFFECTING BIODIVERSITY BY ACTIVITY SECTOR 74 5. PERIODIC UPDATING OF THE BREAKDOWN 78 PART TWO. REGIONAL STRATEGIES, SECTOR PLANS, GUIDELINES AND MEASURES 79 1. INTRODUCTION 80 2. SECTOR PLANS AND SECTOR PLAN GUIDELINES 81 2.1 SECTOR PLANS 81 2.2 SECTOR PLAN GUIDELINES 83 2.3 OPERATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLANS 87 2 CONTENTS 3. MEASURES 89 3.1 NATURAL RESOURCE AND LAND PLANNING 89 3.2 IN-SITU CONSERVATION 90 3.2.1 PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS AND OTHER MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE AREAS 90 3.2.2 CONSERVATION OUTSIDE NATURAL AREAS 93 3.2.3 SPECIES CONSERVATION 94 3.2.4 HABITAT CONSERVATION 97 3.2.5 WETLANDS 97 3.2.6 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 97 3.2.7 MODIFIED LIVING ORGANISMS 98 3.3 EX-SITU CONSERVATION 98 3.4 ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE 100 3.5 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS 101 3.6 LEGISLATIVE REFORMS 102 3.7 ECONOMIC REFORMS 103 3.8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 104 3.9 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS 104 3.10 RESEARCH 106 3.11 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 108 4. BREAKDOWN OF COMPLETION DEADLINES FOR MAIN ACTIONS 110 4.1 TECHNICAL MONITORING UNIT 110 4.2 SECTOR PLANS 110 4.3 STRATEGIES OF THE AUTONOMOUS REGIONS 110 4.4 MAIN MEASURES 110 ANNEXES 111 I AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 112 II FORESTRY. THE SPANISH FORESTRY STRATEGY 114 III FISHING AND AQUACULTURE 116 IV HUNTING AND ANGLING 118 V ENERGY SECTOR 119 VI TOURISM 121 VII INDUSTRY 122 VIII LAND PLANNING AND TOWN PLANNING 123 IX TRANSPORT SECTOR 124 X WATER POLICY 125 XI HEALTH SECTOR 127 XII TRADE SECTOR 128 XIII RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND SPAIN’S STRATEGY FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY 129 XIV COMMUNITY BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY 130 XV THE FUTURE STRATEGIC PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RATIONAL USAGE OF BIODIVERSITY 151 XVI THE ECONOMICS UNDERLYING SPAIN’S STRATEGY FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIODIVERSITY 155 PARTICIPANTS AND ASSOCIATES 157 GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS 160 3 CONTENTS 1 FIGURE 1 SPAIN’S GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTURE 14 FIGURE 2 BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS AND BIOCLIMATIC STOREYS 20 FIGURE 3 HUMAN POPULATION DENSITY 21 FIGURE 4 ENDEMIC PLANT SPECIES OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND BALEARIC ISLANDS 28 FIGURE 5 THREATENED VERTEBRATES AND VASCULAR PLANTS 30 TABLE 1 SPANISH LANDSCAPE UNITS 17 TABLE 2 BREAKDOWN OF DIRECTIVE 92/43-LISTED HABITATS FOUND IN SPAIN 23 TABLE 3 BREAKDOWN OF THE BIODIVERSITY OF DIRECTIVE 92/43-LISTED HABITATS IN SPAIN 24 TABLE 4 NATURAL STATUS (1,2,3) OF SPANISH HABITATS AS AN INDICATION OF THEIR CON- SERVATION STATUS (LOW, MODERATE, HIGH). HECTARES AND PERCENTAGES SHOWN IN GROUPS OF HABITAT TYPES LISTED IN EU HABITATS DIRECTIVE 92/43/CEE 25 TABLE 5 OCEANOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF MARINE AREAS 26 TABLE 6 DIVERSITY OF VASCULAR PLANTS AND VERTEBRATES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 29 TABLE 7 CONSERVATION STATUS OF SPANISH FLORA & FAUNA (IUCN CATEGORIES) 31 TABLE 8 BENTHIC FLORA OF SPANISH COASTS 34 TABLE 9 SALTWATER INVERTEBRATES IN SPANISH WATERS 35 TABLE 10 CULTIVARS OF SPANISH ORIGIN 37 TABLE 11 LIST OF CATTLE, SHEEP, GOAT, PIG AND HORSE BREEDS 40 TABLE 12 SEED BANKS 55 TABLE 13 CENTRES FOR FAUNA CONSERVATION AND CAPTIVE BREEDING 56 TABLE 14 RED DATA LISTS PUBLISHED IN SPAIN 57 TABLE 15 PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS (BY REGION) 66 TABLE 16 PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS (BY TYPE OF PROTECTION) 67-68 TABLE 17 SPECIAL PROTECTION AREAS FOR BIRDS 69 TABLE 18 RAMSAR WETLANDS 70 TABLE 19 MAB BIOSPHERE RESERVES 71 TABLE 20 PROTECTED MARINE AREAS 72 TABLE 21 NATIONAL ENDANGERED SPECIES LIST 72 TABLE 22 RECOVERY PLANS FOR ENDANGERED SPECIES 73 TABLE 23 PROCESSES THAT MAY HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 75-76-77 4 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Biological diversity or biodiversity, taken to mean the variety and variability of wild and domes- tic living organisms along with the ecosystems they are part of (*), has become a predominant concept in conservation due to its all-embracing scope. The concept of biodiversity has arisen from the need to view nature as a whole and to sustain the total sum of its components if the world we are building in it is to be maintained. Two largely conflicting needs arise from this biodiver- sity: its conservation and its use, which are overlapped by a third concept, sustainability, as the only possible way out of the paradox. If human society is to develop, it needs to exploit natural systems, extract their resources and use them. This has always happened, however the present rate is so high that it is threate- ning the very existence of these resources, and in general the elements that make up the natural world. These biological resources are indispensable for humankind, not only because they supply food, medicine and industrial products, but also because they increasingly provide environmental, cultural, social and scientific types of benefits. Thus, nature conservation is not only an ethical obligation but it has also become a necessity for survival. Society is now aware of this situation, and since the start of the 1970s has begun to tackle the problem and acquire a range of legal tools to halt the deterioration by means of a conservation policy for the most seriously endangered components of our natural heritage. The high point of this concept was reached with the ratification of a series of agreements with broad governmental backing, which in turn influenced the passage of conservation legislation in most countries. Although there was some success during this initial stage, the contradiction between conservation and development was ever present, generally resulting in the victory of the latter. A new concept is considered to have begun in the 1980s with the design of the World Conservation Strategy, which proposed the concept of sustained development. The Strategy stres- ses the need for development based on resource exploitation within limits that permit their regen- eration and the absorption of their impact by the ecosystems. The term biodiversity was coined later, and nature ceased to be regarded as a set of isolated components. The institutional response to this new concept was the Convention on Biological Diversity signed at the United Nations Rio de Janeiro Conference on the Environment and Development in 1992. The aim of the Convention is the knowledge and conservation of biodiversity as a whole, i.e. the variety of genetic, species and community life forms, and the preservation of the ecologi- cal processes. In addition to the specific conservation measures to be taken, the rational use of biological resources is proposed as a basic tool, understanding by this that such use by present generations should not diminish their potential usage by our heirs in the future. This implies the acceptance that the conservation of the world’s biological diversity is the common responsibility of humanity, and necessarily involves the adoption of the concept of shared responsibility and the precautionary principle in resource usage as basic criteria. The contradiction between exploitation and conservation is thus resolved conceptually, but sustainable usage would be just another empty term with no real repercussions if it was not put into practice, impregnating every effect of society on nature. For this reason, the agreement itself establishes the need and the obligation for the signatory parties to draft national strategies, plans (*) The Convention on Biological Diversity defines it as ‘the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this inclu- des diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.’ 5 INTRODUCTIÓN and programmes in relation to the objectives, and to include conservation and sustainable usage of biodiversity in their sector and cross-sector plans, and programmes and policies. Spain shares and pursues these objectives, having ratified the Convention on 21 De- cember 1993, thus joining the group of nations that have viewed it as a stimulus to the in- clusion of the principle of biodiversity conservation in their industrial policies. For this pur- pose, and as a response to this obligation, the Spanish Environment Ministry agreed to co-ordinate the development of the present Strategy. This process aims to involve the broadest possible number of interest groups which, given the importance of the objective, should en- compass the whole of society. As a result, a series of sector round table discussions involving national, regional and local governments, scientists and research centres, environmentalist NGO’s and social agents have provided a vast amount of ideas and information that has led to the production of this Strategy.
Recommended publications
  • We've Broken Ground on the New Babcock Nature Center at Buffalo Creek Nature Park!
    614 DORSEYVILLE ROAD PITTSBURGH, PA 15238 BULLETIN WINTER 2 0 2 1 NATURE STORE It’s Bird Feeding Season! Visit Audubon Nature Store to shop our expanded line of feeders and accessories—and seeds—for the birds. We offer curbside pick up— or you may also purchase Beechwood Blend bird seed at your local Giant Eagle! WE CAN HELP YOU TO: • Customize a feeding station, and keep away deer and squirrels. • Choose the right seed—including our Beechwood Blend, formulated for the birds in our area! Call (412) 963-6100 with questions! BEECHWOOD FARMS NATURE RESERVE Store Hours: Tuesday–Saturday, 9am–5pm 614 Dorseyville Road in Fox Chapel We’ve broken ground on the new SUCCOP NATURE PARK In this issue: Store Hours: Tuesday–Saturday, 12–5pm Babcock Nature Center at Buffalo Creek Nature Park! 185 W. Airport Road in Butler STAFF OurJim Bonner, Executive Director Brian Shema, Operations Director BULLETIN Construction has begun on the Babcock Nature Center. After years of planning and Rachel Handel, Communications Director WINTER 2021 fundraising, numerous design and permitting challenges, higher than expected initial Sarah Koenig, Conservation Director construction bids, and yes—even a pandemic—construction on our new center in Sarver Chris Kubiak, Education Director has finally begun! Table of Contents Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania is creating a new Environmental Education and BEECHWOOD STAFF Nature Center to serve as the public hub for our Todd Nature Reserve and our conservation Scott Detwiler, Environmental Educator THIS AUDUBON VIEW 3 work throughout the Buffalo Creek Watershed. This center will continue our commitment to Samantha Ditch, Retail Manager this ecologically diverse region that began in 1942, when ASWP was donated the first parcel Gabrielle Hughes, Environmental Educator DIRECTIONS TO OUR RESERVES 3 of property that became the core of Todd Nature Reserve.
    [Show full text]
  • Communication in Medvenica Nature Park (Croatia)
    Charter communication in Nature Park Medvednica Sunčana Završki Dominković, Snježana Malić-Limari Public Institution Nature Park Medvednica Medvednica Nature Park Medvednica Nature Park ID-current state Surface of the Park 17.938 ha Height above mean 120 – 1035 m a. s. l. sea level: Highest point: Sljeme Direction: Southwest-northeast in the length of 42 km Territorial City of Zagreb, Krapina-Zagorje boundaries: County, Zagreb County Number of inhabitants in the Approximately 7.400 Nature Park, 2001, estimate: Accessibility: By foot, car, bicycle, public transportation - bus Specific landscape macro-units: a) forests: 81% of Park´s area b) access area: 19% of Park´s area Medvednica Nature Park -Public Institution „Nature Park Medvednica” - management of the Park -Institution works for 16 years now -16 employees -The Park is of a great importance for the city of Zagreb (800.000 inhabitants) from an ecological, educational, recreational and tourist point of view -exposed to many pressures, but despite this it represents very valuable area worth to protect Tourism in the Park - about 1 mil. visitors - no Park entrance fee, - only tickets for 3 attractions and for educational programs - 99% domestic visitors Tourism in the Park Public institution needs to secure infrastructure and services for visitors in accordance with the conservation of natural and cultural values of protected areas “Visiting system” in protected area - System of visitors´ centers, control stations, network of trails, tourist attractions and other which together represent
    [Show full text]
  • Spain Asturias Self-Guided Cycle
    SPAIN: ASTURIAS – THE HEART OF GREEN SPAIN 8-day / 7-night SELF-GUIDED inn-to-inn cycling holiday The green north coast of the Iberian Peninsula has a mild year round climate making it the perfect location for a cycling holiday. Following carefully planned routes we offer a variety of cycling options from the hills and the coastal plains to the ranges of El Cuera and El Sueve and beside the impressive snowy peaks of the Picos de Europa. Following sections of the Camino del Norte, the northern variant of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela (Way of Saint James), you'll visit ruins and Romanesque chapels. After a stop in the cider-making capital of Villaviciosa cycle to the friendly city of Gijón for a tapas feast to celebrate the end of your journey. Gijón is an ideal place to stay for extra nights to explore the beaches or to visit the outstanding Gothic Cathedral of San Salvador in nearby Oviedo. Trip Highlights: Easy to moderate cycling over gentle terrain with routes from 25km to 50km per day through Green Spain Great views to both the mountains and the spectacular Atlantic Ocean coastline Welcoming family-run accommodations in small, peaceful traditional villages Historical monuments, stables, wooden grain barns, stone walls Delicious regional gastronomy including natural apple cider and a variety of locally produced cheeses Departs: Daily on demand from mid-April to late September Cost from: $1580 per person twin share. Single room supplement from $880. Includes: 7 nights’ accommodation in comfortable village 1 or 2-star hotels, 3- or 4-star seaside resort and city hotels, all with en-suite bathrooms; 7 breakfasts, 1 dinner; luggage transfers; hybrid multi-geared bike hire; detailed route descriptions and maps; 24-hour telephone assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • Pais Vasco 2018
    The País Vasco Maribel’s Guide to the Spanish Basque Country © Maribel’s Guides for the Sophisticated Traveler ™ August 2018 [email protected] Maribel’s Guides © Page !1 INDEX Planning Your Trip - Page 3 Navarra-Navarre - Page 77 Must Sees in the País Vasco - Page 6 • Dining in Navarra • Wine Touring in Navarra Lodging in the País Vasco - Page 7 The Urdaibai Biosphere Reserve - Page 84 Festivals in the País Vasco - Page 9 • Staying in the Urdaibai Visiting a Txakoli Vineyard - Page 12 • Festivals in the Urdaibai Basque Cider Country - Page 15 Gernika-Lomo - Page 93 San Sebastián-Donostia - Page 17 • Dining in Gernika • Exploring Donostia on your own • Excursions from Gernika • City Tours • The Eastern Coastal Drive • San Sebastián’s Beaches • Inland from Lekeitio • Cooking Schools and Classes • Your Western Coastal Excursion • Donostia’s Markets Bilbao - Page 108 • Sociedad Gastronómica • Sightseeing • Performing Arts • Pintxos Hopping • Doing The “Txikiteo” or “Poteo” • Dining In Bilbao • Dining in San Sebastián • Dining Outside Of Bilbao • Dining on Mondays in Donostia • Shopping Lodging in San Sebastián - Page 51 • Staying in Bilbao • On La Concha Beach • Staying outside Bilbao • Near La Concha Beach Excursions from Bilbao - Page 132 • In the Parte Vieja • A pretty drive inland to Elorrio & Axpe-Atxondo • In the heart of Donostia • Dining in the countryside • Near Zurriola Beach • To the beach • Near Ondarreta Beach • The Switzerland of the País Vasco • Renting an apartment in San Sebastián Vitoria-Gasteiz - Page 135 Coastal
    [Show full text]
  • Responses of Riparian Guilds to Flow Alterations in a Mediterranean Stream
    Responses of riparian guilds to flow alterations in a Mediterranean stream Maria Dolores Bejarano, Marta González del Tánago, Diego García de Jalón, Miguel Marchámalo, Alvaro Sordo-Ward & Joaquín Solana-Gutiérrez Keywords Abstract Composition; Diversity; Establishment patterns; Mature forest; Pioneers; Shrubland; Questions: Do Mediterranean riparian guilds show distinct responses to stream Stream water declines water declines? If observed, which are the most sensitive and resilient guilds and their most affected attributes? Nomenclature López González (2001) Location: Tiétar river below the Rosarito dam, central-western Spain. Methods: We identified riparian guilds based on key woody species features and species distribution within this Mediterranean river corridor, and evalu­ ated similarity of their responses to long-term flow alteration (i.e. stream water declines since dam construction in 1959). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group surveyed vegetation bands according to species composi­ Bejarano, M.D. (corresponding author, tion. The groups were designated as riparian guilds where each vegetation [email protected]), González del Tánago, M. ([email protected]) & group comprising a guild: (1) contains species sharing similar features (using de Jalón, D.G. ([email protected]): Grupo PCA); and (2) shares a similar environment (using DCA). Changes in several de investigación en Hidrobiología, guild attributes (i.e. dominance and species composition, diversity and estab­ Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, lishment patterns) during the regulated period were compared statistically. We Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ES-28040, used pre- and post-dam established vegetation bands identified based on old Madrid, España (1956) and modern (2006) aerial photographs and field measurements of Marchámalo, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Sería La Raza Bovina "Albera" Una Buena Productora
    REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria E-ISSN: 1695-7504 [email protected] Veterinaria Organización España Parés i Casanova, Pere-Miquel Sería La Raza Bovina "Albera" Una Buena Productora Sarcopoiética? REDVET. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria, vol. 10, núm. 9, septiembre, 2009 Veterinaria Organización Málaga, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=63617144011 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REDVET. Revista electrónica de Veterinaria. ISSN: 1695-7504 2009 Vol. 10, Nº 9 REDVET Rev. electrón. vet. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet - http://revista.veterinaria.org Vol. 10, Nº 9, Septiembre/2009 – http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n090909.html Sería La Raza Bovina “Albera” Una Buena Productora Sarcopoiética? - Could The “Albera” Bovine Breed Be A Good Meat Producer? Parés i Casanova, Pere-Miquel Dep. Producció Animal ETSEA, Universitat de Lleida (Catalunya, SPAIN) [email protected] RESUMEN La raza bovina “Albera” es una raza catalana, de efectivos reducidos, localizada en el E de los Pirineos. A pesar de ser bastante numerosos los estudios científicos realizados en la raza, sobretodo en el campo genético, no se disponen de datos sobre su aptitud sarcopoiética. En este breve artículo presentamos los datos comerciales de una canal procedente de un añojo castrado de esta raza, comparándolos con los de otras razas cebadas por el mismo ganadero. La canal “Alberesa” presenta una conformación R y un estado de engrasamiento de 3, y un buen peso canal en caliente, incluso superior al de las razas comparadas.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries Conservation and Vulnerable Ecosystems in the Mediterranean Open Seas, Including the Deep Seas
    Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas Note : The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP and RAC/SPA concerning the legal status of any State, Territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of their frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in the present technical information document are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect UNEP views. © 2010 United Nations Environment Programme Mediterranean Action Plan Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas (RAC/SPA) Boulevard du leader Yasser Arafat B.P.337 - 1080 Tunis CEDEX E-mail: [email protected] This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non- profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without permission in writing from UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. For bibliographic purposes this volume should be cited as follows: UNEP-MAP-RAC/SPA. 2010. Fisheries conservation and vulnerable ecosystems in the Mediterranean open seas, including the deep seas. By de Juan, S. and Lleonart, J. Ed. RAC/SPA, Tunis: 103pp. Cover photo credit: - Juan Cuetos This document should not be considered as an official United Nations document.
    [Show full text]
  • Alborán Sea IMMA
    Alborán Sea Important Marine Mammal Area - IMMA Description Criterion A – Species or Population Vulnerability Area Size The common dolphin Mediterranean 55,939 km 2 subpopulation is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This area Qualifying Species and Criteria has the largest concentration of the common Common dolphin - Delphinus delphis dolphin subpopulation within the whole Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) Mediterranean, containing the large majority Common bottlenose dolphin - of the total population, both due to large Tursiops truncatus density of groups and due to very large group Criterion A; B (ii); C (i, ii); D (i) sizes, much larger than anywhere else in the Mediterranean. The most recent abundance Marine Mammal Diversity estimate of common dolphin is of 19,082 Criterion D (ii) (CV=4.7%) animals only in the northern third [Balaenoptera physalus, Globicephala melas, Orcinus orca, Grampus griseus, of the Alborán Sea with an extension to Physeter macrocephalus, Ziphius cavirostris, include the Alborán island. Stenella coeruleoalba ] The common bottlenose dolphin Summary Mediterranean subpopulation is listed as The Alborán Sea, the westernmost part of Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened the Mediterranean Sea, opens to the Species. The Alborán Sea also has large Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of concentrations of bottlenose dolphins, which Gibraltar, becoming a transition area between these two basins which have also present some of the largest group sizes in radically different oceanographic the Mediterranean. The latest estimate of characteristics. This transition area contains abundance of bottlenose dolphin in the important habitat for Endangered northern third of the Alborán Sea with an Mediterranean common dolphins extension to include the Alborán island is (Delphinus delphis ) and Vulnerable common 2,150 animals (CV=24.3).
    [Show full text]
  • Aerosol Properties Over the Western Mediterranean Basin: Temporal and Spatial Variability
    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 2473–2486, 2015 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/2473/2015/ doi:10.5194/acp-15-2473-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability H. Lyamani1,2, A. Valenzuela1,2, D. Perez-Ramirez3,4, C. Toledano5, M. J. Granados-Muñoz1,2, F. J. Olmo1,2, and L. Alados-Arboledas1,2 1Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), 18006, Granada, Spain 2Department of Applied Physic, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain 3Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA 4Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association (GESTAR/USRA), Columbia, Maryland, USA 5Atmospheric Optics Group (GOA), University of Valladolid (UVA), 47071, Valladolid, Spain Correspondence to: H. Lyamani ([email protected]) Received: 1 July 2014 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 21 August 2014 Revised: 2 February 2015 – Accepted: 15 February 2015 – Published: 5 March 2015 Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol 1 Introduction Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.90◦ N, 3.03◦ W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the west- ern Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Addi- Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in the tional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations atmosphere because they can affect the Earth’s radiation bud- (Málaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime get directly by the scattering and absorption of solar and ter- Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to in- restrial radiation (e.g., Haywood and Shine, 1997), and indi- vestigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over rectly by modifying cloud properties (e.g., Kaufman et al., this scarcely explored region.
    [Show full text]
  • Selección De Un Subconjunto De Loci Altamente Informativo Para La Asignación De Muestras De Origen Bovino a Sus Razas Correspondientes
    ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS Máster en Ingeniería Agronómica SELECCIÓN DE UN SUBCONJUNTO DE LOCI ALTAMENTE INFORMATIVO PARA LA ASIGNACIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE ORIGEN BOVINO A SUS RAZAS CORRESPONDIENTES Alumno/a: Fernando Bueno Gutiérrez Tutor/a: Jesús Ángel Baro de la Fuente TRABAJO DE FIN DE MASTER MAYO 2015 Copia para el tutor/a Quisiera mostrar mis agradecimientos al Dr. Jesús Ángel Baro de la Fuente, tutor de este estudio, por su esencial ayuda, la cercanía de su trato y en general, por su implicación en mi formación. Quisiera agradecerle también al Dr. Carlos Enrique Carleos Artime, profesor de la Universidad de Oviedo, por su valiosa contribución en el manejo de R y su interés por el estudio. Por último, mis más profundos agradecimientos a mis padres por su incesante apoyo. SELECCIÓN DE UN SUBCONJUNTO DE LOCI ALTAMENTE INFORMATIVO PARA LA ASIGNACIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE ORIGEN BOVINO A SUS RAZAS CORRESPONDIENTES DEDICATORIA A la memoria de Cristino Alumno: Fernando Bueno Gutiérrez UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID (CAMPUS DE PALENCIA) – E.T.S. DE INGENIERÍAS AGRARIAS Titulación de: Máster en Ingeniería Agronómica 3 / 244 SELECCIÓN DE UN SUBCONJUNTO DE LOCI ALTAMENTE INFORMATIVO PARA LA ASIGNACIÓN DE MUESTRAS DE ORIGEN BOVINO A SUS RAZAS CORRESPONDIENTES ABREVIATURAS Abreviaturas ADN - ácido desoxirribonucleico (DNA - desoxyribonucleic acid) AFLP- polimorfismos en la longitud de fragmentos amplificados (amplified fragment length polymorphism) AVIL- Avileña-Negra ibérica ARCA- Sistema Nacional de Información de Razas Ganaderas ASTV-
    [Show full text]
  • F9.3 Mediterranean Riparian Scrub
    European Red List of Habitats - Heathland Habitat Group F9.3 Mediterranean riparian scrub Summary This riparian scrub is an azonal habitat of irregularly flooded environments in a warm Mediterranean climate, occurring mainly along the beds of uncontrolled rivers but also in relatively fresh or brackish coastal sites. Summer drought is long and severe and, even inland, salinisation is possible. The habitat is threatened by changes in the hydrology of rivers to maintain water supplies and also by pollution, afforestation, removal of shrubs for cultivation and intensive grazing and urbanisation. Synthesis The overall decrease in quantity is relatively low (-12%), resulting in the category Least Concern (LC). The quality shows a slight negative trend affecting on average 20% of the surface with a moderately high severity (49%). Also these values lead to the conclusion Least Concern. Overall Category & Criteria EU 28 EU 28+ Red List Category Red List Criteria Red List Category Red List Criteria Least Concern - Least Concern - Sub-habitat types that may require further examination The Mediterranean riparian scrub is defined to include some coastal scrub on the Black Sea shores. This subhabitat differs from the core of the habitat definition, which relates to Mediterranean alluvial scrub, and may be considered as a separate habitat for assessing the threatened status. It is possible (but not certain, because of data gaps) that the Black Sea shore type is more threatened than the Mediterranean type. Habitat Type Code and name F9.3 Mediterranean riparian scrub Mediterranean riparian scrub with Nerium oleander at Fiumara Castelbuono, Nerio oleandri-Salicetum pedicellatae in Andalusia, southern Spain (Photo: Carlos Palermo, Italy (Photo: Ricardo Guarino).
    [Show full text]
  • Meta-Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Several Population
    Table S1. Haplogroup distributions represented in Figure 1. N: number of sequences; J: banteng, Bali cattle (Bos javanicus ); G: yak (Bos grunniens ). Other haplogroup codes are as defined previously [1,2], but T combines T, T1’2’3’ and T5 [2] while the T1 count does not include T1a1c1 haplotypes. T1 corresponds to T1a defined by [2] (16050T, 16133C), but 16050C–16133C sequences in populations with a high T1 and a low T frequency were scored as T1 with a 16050C back mutation. Frequencies of I are only given if I1 and I2 have not been differentiated. Average haplogroup percentages were based on balanced representations of breeds. Country, Region Percentages per Haplogroup N Reference Breed(s) T T1 T1c1a1 T2 T3 T4 I1 I2 I J G Europe Russia 58 3.4 96.6 [3] Yaroslavl Istoben Kholmogory Pechora type Red Gorbatov Suksun Yurino Ukrain 18 16.7 72.2 11.1 [3] Ukrainian Whiteheaded Ukrainian Grey Estonia, Byelorussia 12 100 [3] Estonian native Byelorussia Red Finland 31 3.2 96.8 [3] Eastern Finncattle Northern Finncattle Western Finncattle Sweden 38 100.0 [3] Bohus Poll Fjall cattle Ringamala Cattle Swedish Mountain Cattle Swedish Red Polled Swedish Red-and-White Vane Cattle Norway 44 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.7 [1,4] Blacksided Trondheim Norwegian Telemark Westland Fjord Westland Red Polled Table S1. Cont. Country, Region Percentages per Haplogroup N Reference Breed(s) T T1 T1c1a1 T2 T3 T4 I1 I2 I J G Iceland 12 100.0 [1] Icelandic Denmark 32 100.0 [3] Danish Red (old type) Jutland breed Britain 108 4.2 1.2 94.6 [1,5,6] Angus Galloway Highland Kerry Hereford Jersey White Park Lowland Black-Pied 25 12.0 88.0 [1,4] Holstein-Friesian German Black-Pied C Europe 141 3.5 4.3 92.2 [1,4,7] Simmental Evolene Raetian Grey Swiss Brown Valdostana Pezzata Rossa Tarina Bruna Grey Alpine France 98 1.4 6.6 92.0 [1,4,8] Charolais Limousin Blonde d’Aquitaine Gascon 82.57 Northern Spain 25 4 13.4 [8,9] 1 Albera Alistana Asturia Montana Monchina Pirenaica Pallaresa Rubia Gallega Southern Spain 638 0.1 10.9 3.1 1.9 84.0 [5,8–11] Avileña Berrenda colorado Berrenda negro Cardena Andaluzia Table S1.
    [Show full text]