DEC/JAN 2008

VOL I, ISSUE 4

The conquest of Spain With:

• Cato’s triumph • Capturing the ‘bravest city’

Also: • Sassanian • Riding with Xenophon And more € 6,99

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AW nr4 dec07.indd 1 24-07-2009 14:17:52 AW nr4 dec07.indd 2 24-07-2009 14:17:54 ANCIENT WARFARE CONTENTS Dec/Jan 2007

4 NEWS AND LETTERS 28 THE OF NUMANTIA Publisher: Rolof van Hövell tot Westerflier, MA, MCL How Scipio Aemilianus conquered the bravest Publisher’s assistant: Gabrielle Terlaak of all cities Editor in chief: Jasper L. Oorthuys, MA THEME Sales and marketing: Inge Mennen, MA, Tharin Clarys Website design: Christianne C. Beall The Roman conquest of Spain Art and layout consultant: Matthew C. Lanteigne

Contributors: Duncan B. Campbell, Murray Dahm, 8 INTRODUCTION François Gilbert, Ed Haines, Ed Healy, F. Xavier Hernandez, Jona Lendering, Xavier Rubio, Patryk Skupniewicz, Kim Stubbs, Mike Thomas 10 THE SOURCE Illustrations: Andrew Brozyna, Igor Dzis, A view from the periphery Carlos de la Rocha, Johnny Shumate, Graham Sumner, Darius Wielec 32 SCIPIO’S MASTERPIECE Design & layout: © MeSa Design, The of Ilipa e-mail: [email protected] 14 CATO’S TRIUMPH Print: PublisherPartners. www.publisherpartners.com The battle of Emporion

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Ancient Warfare is published every two months by Karwansaray BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. PO Box 1110, 3000 BC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

ISSN: 1874-7019

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AW nr4 dec07.indd 3 24-07-2009 14:18:03 NEWS AND LETTERS News and letters

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Introduction to Helmets, the action, but I was less impressed as the Daphnae parade 24 years after shields and armor I read along, since I believe the article Magnesia .Clearly the author has not I found a mistake in AW that’s hardly contains many flaws, both of method taken a broader view of the sources, as worth an erratum, but that I’d still like and of interpretation. I hope the author other examples will remind us. to point out. The Gilgamesh epic dates will not mind if I use his article as an Then there are some possible from about 1100 BC. The subject of this illustration of some common faults. It factual errors. He calls the Achaeans epic lived around 2500 BC or perhaps a would take a complete article to put ‘light ’, but at this date little earlier. There are indications for a forward an alternative to the author’s Achaean ‘Peltasts’ were a Macedonian written tradition of the Gilgamesh epic hypotheses, so I will confine myself to a style phalanx. He gets Roman cavalry in the third millennium BC, but these few examples. units mixed up – a turma is thirty writings do not deal with subjects Firstly, the author puts forward a men , ten of which make up the 300 mentioned in the epic. The epic itself, hypothesis, namely that Antiochus’ legionary cavalry. Allies supplied however, has information pertaining army couldn’t have been as large as double , so there will have been 1800 to the Babylonian flood which was stated or it would have significantly ‘Roman’ cavalry. Placing 120 on the left written around 1700 BC (plus or overlapped the Roman army and will have left almost 1680 for the right, minus a century). The Gilgamesh epic, thus outflanked it. Then he arbitrarily which added to Eumenes 800, makes therefore, is a creation from the second ‘chops’ out units through discrepancies up ‘the rather less than 3000’ that and not the third millennium BC. between Livy and Appian. This is Livy records. No ‘discrepancy’ there, to distort the evidence to suit the then. He then decides to follow Appian Jona Lendering hypothesis, and is an error. As he says, and allocate only 1500 Galatians, on they were drawing on a single source, the grounds that Appian records their The Battle of Magnesia thus the original can not have had tribal names. I was delighted to see in issue 2 of ‘discrepancies’, and will have been in However, Livy too records the tribal Ancient Warfare, an article about my great detail if it was Polybius writing names elsewhere, and so does not favourite period of Mediterranean about the Scipios! Elsewhere in our repeat himself here. Furthermore Livy warfare, namely ‘The Battle of sources, Antiochus III has armies just records 4,000 Gauls in Antiochus’ army Magnesia’. The author is to be as big – 63,000 at Raphia 27 years the year before, and at the Daphnae congratulated on his attempt to analyse before and Antiochus IV 61,000 at parade, after Anatolia and Galatia

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