FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT Faiza Y Al-Yamani Manal Al-Kandari Igor Polikarpov and Vladimir Grintsov - Kuwait - 2019 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT 3 KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT Faiza Y. Al-Yamani, Manal Al-Kandari, and Igor Polikarpov Ecosystem Based Management of Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research and Vladimir Grintsov The A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS Sevastopol 2019 FILED GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) Published in Kuwait in 2019 by Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait Copyright © Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, 2019 All rights reserved Design by Mariposa Marketing & Advertising Creative Director: Melad Helani First Edition Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (Publisher) ISBN 978-99966-95-07-0 No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or manual, including photocopying, recording or by any information or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. 2 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Table of Contents PREFACE 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 ABSTRACT 10 INTRODUCTION 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 Sampling 14 Intertidal zone 20 Hard substrates 20 Soft substrates 20 Algae and Sponges as Habitats for Amphipoda 22 Artificial constructions (Floating Piers) 22 Work with Samples in the Laboratory 22 Typical Habitats of Amphipoda on Intertidal Zone of the Kuwait Coast 23 MORPHOLOGY OF AMPHIPODS 33 GLOSSARY 36 LIST OF ABBREVIATIOS 39 COORDINATES OF INTERTIDAL SURVEY LOCATIONS 40 COORDINATES OF SUBTIDAL SURVEY LOCATIONS 47 TAXONOMY OF AMPHIPODA IN KUWAIT 50 Family Ampeliscidae 50 Ampelisca euroa Lowry & Poore, 1985 50 Ampelisca sp. 1 54 Ampelisca sp. 2 cf. brevicornis 59 Ampelisca sp. 3 cf. misakiensis 63 Ampelisca sp. 4 cf. rubella 67 Ampelisca sp. 5 cf. taynamensis 71 Ampelisca sp. 6 cf. tulearensis 75 Byblis sp. 80 Family Amphilochidae 85 Apolochus sp. 1 cf. kailua 85 Apolochus sp. 2 cf. menehune 89 Family Ampithoidae 93 Ampithoe ramondi Audouin, 1826 93 Ampithoe sp. 1 97 Ampithoe sp. 2 cf. kava 100 Cymadusa setosa (Haswell, 1879) 103 Biancolina sp. 110 Family Aoridae 113 Bemlos acuticoxa Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 113 Globosolembos indicus (Ledoyer, 1967) 118 Grandidierella gilesi Chilton, 1921 124 Grandidierella sp. 127 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT 3 KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Family Caprellidae 132 Deutella sp. 132 Metaprotella macoranicus Momtazi & Sari, 2013 135 Family Cheirocratidae 139 Cheirocratus sp. 139 Family Colomastigidae 144 Colomastix sp. 1 144 Colomastix sp. 2 148 Family Corophiidae 152 Laticorophium bifurcatum Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 152 Cheiriphotis megacheles (Giles, 1885) 158 Cheiriphotis sp. cf. walkeri 163 Family Cyproideidae 168 Cyproidea sp. cf. serratipalma 168 Family Dexaminidae 172 Paradexamine sp. 1 cf. latifolia 172 Paradexamine sp. 2 cf. orientalis 177 Family Eriopisidae 182 Eriopisa sp. cf. elongata 182 Eriopisella sp. 186 Family Hyalidae 190 Parhyale basrensis Salman, 1986 190 Protohyale arabica Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 194 Family Ischyroceridae 198 Ericthonius sp. cf. forbesii 198 Ischyrocerus sp. 203 Orientoecetes arabicus (Barnard & Thomas, 1984) 206 Family Leucothoidae 212 Leucothoe gracilis (Haswell, 1879) 212 Leucothoe sp. cf. richiardii 217 Paranamixis sp. cf. ledoyeri 222 Family Liljeborgiidae 226 Idunella demersalis (Sivaprakasam, 1972) 226 Family Lysianassidae 232 Socarnoides sp. 232 Family Maeridae 238 Ceradocus (Denticeradocus) alama Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 238 Elasmopus alkhiranensis Myers & Momtazi, 2015 242 Maera irregularis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 246 Family Maxillipiidae 250 Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973 250 Family Megaluropidae 255 Megaluropus excavatus Ledoyer, 1979 255 Megaluropus sp. cf. monasteriensis 259 Family Melitidae 265 Dulichiella fresnelii (Audouin, 1826) 265 Melita persia Momtazi & Sari, 2014 271 Family Melphidippidae 277 Melphisana madagascarensis Ledoyer, 1984 277 4 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Family Neomegamphopidae 281 Neomegamphopus sp. 281 Family Oedicerotidae 285 Perioculodes sp. 1 285 Perioculodes sp. 2 cf. megapleon 289 Perioculodes sp. 3 cf. serra 294 Pontocrates sp. cf. arenarius 299 Family Photidae 305 Latigammaropsis pseudojassa Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 305 Latigammaropsis sp. 1 308 Latigammaropsis sp. 2 cf. atlantica 311 Photis hawaiensis J.L. Barnard, 1955 314 Photis sp. 1 319 Photis sp. 2 cf. bifurcata 323 Photis sp. 3 cf. viuda 327 Family Phoxocephalidae 331 Brolgus sp. cf. mamak 331 Family Platyischnopidae 335 Indischnopus herdmani (Walker, 1904) 335 Family Podoceridae 339 Laetmatophilus sp. 339 Podocerus mamlahensis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016 344 Family Pontogeneiidae 348 Abdia latipalpus (Walker & Scott, 1903) 348 Family Tryphosidae 353 Orchomenella sp. 353 Family Stenothoidae 358 Stenothoe gallensis Walker, 1904 358 Stenothoe sp. cf. aucklandicus 364 Family Urothoidae 370 Urothoe sp. 1 370 Urothoe sp. 2 cf. intermedia 375 REFERENCES 380 ANNEX 1 382 List of Amphipoda Species Encountered during Surveys along Kuwait’s Coast in 2012-2016 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT 5 KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH “I hope for your help to explore and protect the wild ocean in ways that will restore the health and, in so doing, secure hope for humankind. Health to the ocean means health for us.” Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer PREFACE 6 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The guidebook on the amphipods of Kuwait’s marine environment provides detailed information about the representatives of the taxonomic class Malacostraca, obtained during the extensive investigations of intertidal and subtidal areas along Kuwait’s coasts during 2012-2016. The guide contains the descriptions of sampling methods and laboratory procedures for the identification of amphipods and provides information about their morphology and taxonomically important features of their body parts. All of the species included in this guide are illustrated by colored photographs, and the descriptions of most species are supplemented with scientific drawing notes. A total of 73 species of the order Amphipoda were identified and included in the guidebook. Of these, 60 species are considered to be new records for Kuwait and 55 species are recorded for the first time for the Arabian Gulf, whereas 19 species are considered as the first description of the new for science species. This first amphipod guide is not exhaustive nor unalterable as some new species are expected to be added to the taxonomic list of Amphipoda of Kuwait during future studies, especially in subtidal habitats. However, this book gives valuable background information about the taxonomic variability of this important order of crustaceans and makes available the basic methods for studying amphipod taxonomy, which will be helpful to students and researchers. FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT 7 KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH “I can’t imagine anything more important than air, water, soil, energy and biodiversity. These are the things that keep us alive.” David Suzuki ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Appreciation and recognition are due to Mr. Alan Lennox for his professional and valuable efforts in the collection of the samples; Mr. Sainulabdeen Shajim and Mr. Sasikumar Chellakkan for assisting with the bottom sediments dredging offshore; Dr. Maria Saburova for her valuable scientific comments and help with the microphotography, and Dr. Tatiana Mikhailova for collecting some of the amphipod specimens from macroalgae. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) for funding this research study and for printing this guidebook. FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT 9 KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ABSTRACT 10 FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT KUWAIT INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FIELD GUIDE OF ORDER AMPHIPODA (Malacostraca, Crustacea) OF KUWAIT The guidebook on the amphipods of Kuwait presents information about their taxonomic class Malacostraca. Samples were obtained during the extensive investigations of intertidal and subtidal areas along Kuwait’s coasts during the period of 2012-2016. The guide contains descriptions of sampling methods and laboratory procedures for the identification of amphipods, and provides information about morphology and taxonomically important features of their body parts. All of the species included in this guide are illustrated by colored photographs, and the descriptions of most species are supplemented with scientific drawings notes. A total of 73 species of the order Amphipoda were included in the guidebook. Of these 60 species are considered to be new records for Kuwait and 55 species are recorded for the first time for the Arabian Gulf, whereas 19 species are considered new for science and the first description for