DOCSLIB.ORG

The Genus Ammann/A (Lythraceae) in Western United States and Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Genus Ammann/A (Lythraceae) in Western United States and Canada THE W ASMANN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 43(1-2), 1985, pp. 72-74 THE GENUS AMMANN/A (LYTHRACEAE) IN WESTERN UNITED STATES AND CANADA John Thomas Howell Shirley Graham, who has given scholarly attention to the genus Ammannia for a number of years, has now published a definitive revision of the five species of the genus in the New World (1985, pp. 395-420). The following notes on the two species known in western United States and Canada are based chiefly on Dr. Graham's revision and on the collections she has an­ notated in the California Academy of Sciences (CAS and DS). History. The genus Ammannia was named by Linnaeus in honor of Paul Ammann, a German botanist, who lived from 1634 to 1691 (Fernald, 1950, p. 1046; not Johann Ammann, 1699 to 1741 , as given by several western authors). It is a small genus of about 25 species of aquatic and marsh plants, widely dispersed in temperate and tropical areas in both Old World and New World. In checking floristic accounts of early day western American explorations and floras, the first printed record I have found of an Ammannia is in the 1871 botanical report of Clarence King's expedition where Sereno Watson reported his 1867 collection from Carson Valley, Nevada, as A. latifolia L. (1871, p. 103). This was followed in 1876 by Brewer et al.'s volume 1 of the Geological Survey Botany ofCalifornia in whichA.latifolia was reported from Cache Creek and "on the Lower Colorado" in California, from Carson Valley, Nevada, and from northern Montana (1876, p. 214). Edward L. Greene (1891, p. 231) reidentified the plant as A. coccinea Rottboell ("A. latifolia, Bot. Calif. not Linn.") and gave it as " common along the rivers and smaller streams of the interior" of California. In general, this treatment of the genus in western floras was followed for about 60 years (Jepson, 1901, 1936; Abrams, 1904; Tidestrom, 1925; Munz, 1935; Peck, 1941; and various local floras). Kearney and Peebles ( 1942, p. 619) in Flowering Plants and Ferns of Arizona following the worldwide treatment of Koehne (1903) give a key for two species as possibly growing in Arizona, A. auriculata Willdenow and A. coccinea Rottboell. Subsequently some workers accepted these two species (Mason, 1957; Munz and Keck, 1959; Correll and Correll, 1972), but since morphologic distinctions between the two are not always clear, others continued to recognize only a single species (Abrams, 19 51; Robbins, et a!. , 1951 ; Munz, 1974). In 1979, Dr. Graham published the results of her analysis of the complex in which two confusingly similar species, but each with a distinct genetic constitution, were recognized, A. coccinea Rottboell and A. robusta Heer & VOLUME 43, NUMBERS I AND 2 73 Regel. Here one has to be cautious: the character of the sessile, axillary cymes that Kearney and Peebles, eta/., used to distinguish A. coccinea from "A. auriculata" is shown by Dr. Graham to be one of the variable characteristics of A. robusta, while the more or less pedunculate cymes of "A. auriculata" demark A. coccinea. The following notes, taken from Dr. Graham's recent key and descriptions, will serve to distinguish the two species: Ammannia coccinea Rottboell. Inflorescences 3- to 5-flowered, usually pedunculate, the peduncle to 9 mm long; petals 4 or 5, 2 mm long and about as wide, deep rose-purpie, sometimes with a deeper purple spot at the base; anthers deep yellow; capsule equaling or exceeding the calyx-lobes; n = 33; type from Jamaica. Ammannia robusta Heer & Regel. Inflorescences 1- to 3- (or 5-) flowered, sessile; petals 4 (or to 8), about 2.5 mm long and 3 mm. wide, pale yellow to yellow; capsule usually enclosed by or equaling the calyx-lobes; n = 17; type from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In general distribution in the western United States and Canada the two species are markedly different, as shown by Dr. Graham's maps (1985). Ammannia coccinea (map 2, p. 408) is found only in California, chiefly in the Central Valley but also localized in coastal middle California, coastal southern California, and along the Colorado River in southeastern Califor­ nia. In contrast, A. robusta (map 4, p. 415) is widely dispersed but sporadic and relatively rare except in California, ranging from south-central British Columbia south to Baja California Sur and eastward to the Rocky Mountains. California collections, annotated by Dr. Graham, are in CAS and DS from the following counties: Ammannia coccinea Sacramento Valley. - Butte, Glenn, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo. San Joaquin Valley. - Fresno, Kern, Kings, Merced, Tulare. Coast ranges.-Marin, Siskiyou. Sierra Nevada. -Madera, Plumas. Southern California. -Imperial, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Ventura. Ammannia robusta Sacramento Valley. -Butte, Colusa, Yolo. San Joaquin Valley. - Kern, Tulare (Visalia, Congdon in 1881). Coast Ranges. -Humboldt, Lake, Marin, Napa, San Luis Obispo (Twis­ selmann Lake, Twisselmann 16323, "voucher for meiotic chromosome count, n = 17''). Southern California. -Los Angeles (Hasse in 1889, A. Davidson in 1902), San Diego (S. G. Stokes in 1895), Santa Barbara, Ventura. 74 T HE WASMANN JOURNAL O F BIOLOGY Literature Cited Abrams, L. R. 1904. Aora of Los Angeles and v1cinity. Stanford Umvers1ty Press. Stanford University, California. 475 p. --. 1951. lllustrated flora of the Pacific states. Vol. 3. Stanford Uni versity Press, Stanford, California. 866 p. Brewer, W. H., S. Watson, and A. Gray. 1876. Botany. Geolog~cal survey of California. VoL I. Umversity Press, Cambridge, Massachusells. x.>. + 628 p. Correll, D. S., and H. B. Correll. 1972. Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States. Environmental Protection Agency. xv + I, 777 p. Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany, Eighth Edition. America n 13ook Company, New York. 1,632 p. Graham, S. 1979. The origin of Ammannia x coccinea Rou boell . Taxon, 28: 169-178. --. 1985. A revision of Ammannia (Lythraceae) in the Western Hemisphere. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 66:395-420. Greene, E. L. 189 1. Aora Franciscana. Doxey and Company, San Francisco, California. 482 p. Jepson, W. L. 190 I. A flora of western middle California. Enema Publishing Company, Berkeley, California. 625 p. --. 1936. A flora of California. VoL 2. California School Book Depository, San Francisco. California. 684 p. Koehne, E. 1903. Ammannia, pp. 42- 56. In A. Engler, Ed. Das Pflanzenreich. IV. 216 (Heft 17). Leipzig, Germany. Mason, H. L. 1957. A flora of the marshes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. viii + 878 p. Munz. P. A. 1935. A manual of Southern California botany. Oaremont Colleges Scripps Publishing Fund, Claremont, California. 642 p. --. 1974. A flora of Southern California. Umverslly of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. 1,086 p. Munz, P. A., and D. D. Kcck . 1959. A California flora. University ofC alifornia Press, 13erkeley and Los Angeles, C'..alifornia. I ,68 1 p. Peck, M. E. 194 1. A manual of the higher plants of Oregon. Bin fords and Mort, Portland, Oregon. 866 p. Robbins, W. W., M. K. Bellue, and W. S. Ball. 1951. Weeds of California. Printing Division, (State Department of Agriculture], Sacramento, California. 547 p. Tidestrom. I. 1925. Aora of Utah and Nevada. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. VoL 25. Government Printing Office, Washington. 665 p. Watson, S. 1871 . Botany. United States geological explorauon of the fortieth paralleL Gov­ ernment Printing Office, Washington. llii + 525 p. Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia Robusta) in Canada
    PROPOSED Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada Scarlet Ammannia 2014 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2014. Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada [Proposed]. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. XXI pp. + Appendix. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry (www.sararegistry.gc.ca). Cover illustration: © Emmet J. Judziewicz Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de l’ammannie robuste (Ammannia robusta) au Canada [Proposition] » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2014. All rights reserved. ISBN Catalogue no. Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE SCARLET AMMANNIA (Ammannia robusta) IN CANADA 2014 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of British Columbia has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the “Recovery Strategy for the scarlet ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in British Columbia and Ontario” (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora.Sa.Gov.Au/Jabg
    JOURNAL of the ADELAIDE BOTANIC GARDENS AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL FOR AUSTRALIAN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY flora.sa.gov.au/jabg Published by the STATE HERBARIUM OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA on behalf of the BOARD OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS AND STATE HERBARIUM © Board of the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium, Adelaide, South Australia © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, Government of South Australia All rights reserved State Herbarium of South Australia PO Box 2732 Kent Town SA 5071 Australia J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 1(1) 55-59 (1976) A SUMMARY OF THE FAMILY LYTHRACEAE IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY (WITH ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON AUSTRALIAN MATERIAL) by A. S. Mitchell Arid Zone Research Institute, Animal Industry and Agriculture Branch, Department of the Northern Territory, Alice Springs, N.T. 5750. Abstract This paper presents a synopsis of the nomenclature of the family Lythraceae in the Northern Territory. Keysto the genera and species have been prepared. The family Lythraceae has been neglected in Australian systematics, andas a result both the taxonomy and nomenclature are confused. Not since the early work of Koehne (1881, 1903) has there been any major revision of the family. Recent work has been restricted to regional floras (Polatschek and Rechinger 1968; Chamberlain 1972; Dar 1975), with Bentham's Flora (1886) being the most recenton the family in Australia. From a survey of the available literature the author has attempted to extract all the relevant names applicable to Australian material and to present them solelyas a survey of the nomenclature of the group. No type material has beenseen, and the only material examined was that lodged in the Department of the Northern Territory Herbariaat Alice Springs (NT) and Darwin (DNA).
    [Show full text]
  • The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Bulletin De L'association
    The Canadian Botanical Association Bulletin Bulletin de l’Association Botanique du Canada Volume 53 Number 2 - September/septembre 2020 Highlights President’s Message President’s Message The last six months have shaken the Pg. 1 foundations of our global society. The emergence of the inevitable global pan- New Graduates & Projects demic sent most people home for up to Pg. 4 three months at the end of winter. As Q&A with Dr. Tanisha Williams spring was getting underway in most Pg. 6 of Canada, another collective sickness was highlighted with the re-emergence 2020 Conference Coverage of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) move- Pg. 8 ment following a brutal police killing 2020 CBA-ABC Awards in Minnesota. Along with the Wet’su- Pg. 10 wet’en solidarity protests, never-ending reports of police brutality aimed at In- Profile of Scarlet Ammannia digenous peoples, and the emerging research on how the global pandem- Pg. 16 ic was negatively affecting the lives of women and racialized people in Consaul Award Report particular, these movements forced many of us sitting at home to think Pg. 19 about privilege and how it shapes our lives. Book Review: But what does this have to do with Canadian Botany? First, I suggest that Darwin’s Most Wonderful Plants we use this moment of national reflection to start the transformation of Pg. 22 our thinking, our teaching, our research. To reach a more just and hope- fully more environmentally conscious society, I feel that it is imperative Section Reports Pg. 24 that the association gives voice to the greatest possible variety of per- spectives and worldviews in order to collectively think about plants, their Herbarium Digitisation in Canada symbionts and habitats in a more holistic fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGY and HOST SPECIFICITY of Tectococcus
    BIOLOGY AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF Tectococcus ovatus (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE), A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF THE INVASIVE STRAWBERRY GUAVA, Psidium cattleianum (MYRTACEAE), IN FLORIDA By FRANCIS JAMES WESSELS IV A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Frank J. Wessels This document is dedicated to my parents, for their support and generosity throughout my educational career. Without them, this work would not have been possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my major professor Dr. James P. Cuda for his invaluable guidance and help throughout my degree program. I also thank my other committee members, Dr. Kenneth A. Langeland and Dr. William A. Overholt, for their comments and suggestions on my research and this manuscript. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Examination of Interactions Between Endangered Sida Hermaphrodita and Invasive Phragmites Australis
    Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2019 Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis Samantha N. Mulholland Wilfrid Laurier University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Botany Commons, Integrative Biology Commons, Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Mulholland, Samantha N., "Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis" (2019). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 2223. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2223 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Competition or facilitation: Examination of interactions between endangered Sida hermaphrodita and invasive Phragmites australis by Samantha Nicole Mulholland Bachelor of Art, Honours Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 2016 THESIS Submitted to the Department of Biology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Science in Integrative Biology Wilfrid Laurier University 2019 Samantha Mulholland 2019 © Abstract Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) is a perennial herb of the Malvaceae family that is native to riparian habitats in northeastern North America. Throughout most of its geographical distribution however, it is considered threatened and only two populations are known from Canada. The biology and ecology of S. hermaphrodita are still poorly understood and although few studies have been performed to determine the factors that contribute to the species rarity, it is considered threatened potentially due to the loss of habitat caused by exotic European Common reed (Phragmites australis subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Noteworthy Collections from Tempe Towne Lake Riverbed
    Noteworthy Collections from Tempe Town Lake Riverbed Item Type Article Authors Makings, Elizabeth; Butler, Lane; Chew, Matthew; Stromberg, Juliet Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 02/10/2021 06:39:37 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556794 Tempe Towne Lake Makings et. a!. 3 Noteworthy Collections from (south of Lake Pleasant). She was investigating propagule (seed) banks from soil samples collected at various depths, and A. coc­ Tempe Towne Lake Riverbed cinea emerged in a growth chamber. There have been 5 more col­ lections since 1998: L. McGill 7196- north of the Willcox Playa, Cochise County, in 1999; E. Makings 1620- St. David Cienega Elizabeth Makings along the San Pedro River, Cochise County, in 2003; J. White 163 Lane Butler - Salt River at Price Drain under Loop 101 in Tempe, Maricopa County, in 2006; D. Jenke 164- Salt River Bed at the Tres Rios Matthew Chew Wetlands, Maricopa County, in 2007; and most recently, E. Mak­ Juliet Stromberg ings et al. 3535- in the river bed of Tempe Towne Lake, 9 weeks School of Life Sciences after the failure of the bladder dams. Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 In an e-mail communication, Shirley Graham, a Lythraceae ex­ [email protected] pert from the Missouri Botanical Garden, confirmed the identity of this particular species, and had this to say regarding the genus: "A Tempe Towne Lake is a water body created by inflatable bladder drying, previously flooded habitat is ideal for Ammannia and the dams that were constructed along the highly regulated and for­ irregular appearance of the genus at any one locality of this kind merly-perennial Salt River in Phoenix, Arizona.
    [Show full text]
  • Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Fungi in Plants Associated with Aquatic Environments Doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016Abb0296
    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate fungi in plants associated with aquatic environments doi: 10.1590/0102-33062016abb0296 Table S1. Presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and/or dark septate fungi (DSF) in non-flowering plants and angiosperms, according to data from 62 papers. A: arbuscule; V: vesicle; H: intraradical hyphae; % COL: percentage of colonization. MYCORRHIZAL SPECIES AMF STRUCTURES % AMF COL AMF REFERENCES DSF DSF REFERENCES LYCOPODIOPHYTA1 Isoetales Isoetaceae Isoetes coromandelina L. A, V, H 43 38; 39 Isoetes echinospora Durieu A, V, H 1.9-14.5 50 + 50 Isoetes kirkii A. Braun not informed not informed 13 Isoetes lacustris L.* A, V, H 25-50 50; 61 + 50 Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub A, V 0-18 22 + 22 MONILOPHYTA2 Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense L. A, V 2-28 15; 19; 52; 60 + 60 Osmundales Osmundaceae Osmunda cinnamomea L. A, V 10 14 Salviniales Marsileaceae Marsilea quadrifolia L.* V, H not informed 19;38 Salviniaceae Azolla pinnata R. Br.* not informed not informed 19 Salvinia cucullata Roxb* not informed 21 4; 19 Salvinia natans Pursh V, H not informed 38 Polipodiales Dryopteridaceae Polystichum lepidocaulon (Hook.) J. Sm. A, V not informed 30 Davalliaceae Davallia mariesii T. Moore ex Baker A not informed 30 Onocleaceae Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. A not informed 30 Onoclea sensibilis L. A, V 10-70 14; 60 + 60 Pteridaceae Acrostichum aureum L. A, V, H 27-69 42; 55 Adiantum pedatum L. A not informed 30 Aleuritopteris argentea (S. G. Gmel) Fée A, V not informed 30 Pteris cretica L. A not informed 30 Pteris multifida Poir.
    [Show full text]
  • Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia Robusta) in Canada
    Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series Adopted under Section 44 of SARA Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada Scarlet Ammannia 2015 Recommended citation: Environment Canada. 2015. Recovery Strategy for the Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in Canada. Species at Risk Act Recovery Strategy Series. Environment Canada, Ottawa. 22 pp. + Annex. For copies of the recovery strategy, or for additional information on species at risk, including COSEWIC Status Reports, residence descriptions, action plans, and other related recovery documents, please visit the Species at Risk (SAR) Public Registry1. Cover illustration: © Emmet J. Judziewicz Également disponible en français sous le titre « Programme de rétablissement de l’ammannie robuste (Ammannia robusta) au Canada » © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, represented by the Minister of the Environment, 2015. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-660-02283-3 Catalogue no. En3-4/194-2015E-PDF Content (excluding the illustrations) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. 1 http://www.sararegistry.gc.ca/ RECOVERY STRATEGY FOR THE SCARLET AMMANNIA (Ammannia robusta) IN CANADA 2015 Under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk (1996), the federal, provincial, and territorial governments agreed to work together on legislation, programs, and policies to protect wildlife species at risk throughout Canada. In the spirit of cooperation of the Accord, the Government of British Columbia has given permission to the Government of Canada to adopt the “Recovery Strategy for the scarlet ammannia (Ammannia robusta) in British Columbia and Ontario” (Part 2) under Section 44 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA).
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Biological Control of Invasive
    Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Biological Control Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States Roy Van Driesche Bernd Blossey Mark Hoddle Suzanne Lyon Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team—Morgantown, West Virginia United States Forest FHTET-2002-04 Department of Service August 2002 Agriculture BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INVASIVE PLANTS IN THE EASTERN UNITED STATES Technical Coordinators Roy Van Driesche and Suzanne Lyon Department of Entomology, University of Massachusets, Amherst, MA Bernd Blossey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Mark Hoddle Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA Richard Reardon Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team, USDA, Forest Service, Morgantown, WV USDA Forest Service Publication FHTET-2002-04 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the authors of the individual chap- We would also like to thank the U.S. Depart- ters for their expertise in reviewing and summariz- ment of Agriculture–Forest Service, Forest Health ing the literature and providing current information Technology Enterprise Team, Morgantown, West on biological control of the major invasive plants in Virginia, for providing funding for the preparation the Eastern United States. and printing of this publication. G. Keith Douce, David Moorhead, and Charles Additional copies of this publication can be or- Bargeron of the Bugwood Network, University of dered from the Bulletin Distribution Center, Uni- Georgia (Tifton, Ga.), managed and digitized the pho- versity of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, (413) tographs and illustrations used in this publication and 545-2717; or Mark Hoddle, Department of Entomol- produced the CD-ROM accompanying this book.
    [Show full text]
  • 11 Purple Loosestrife
    11 PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE B. Blossey Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York PEST STATUS OF WEED Purple loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L., (Fig. 1) is a weed of natural areas and its spread across North America has degraded many prime wetlands result- ing in large, monotypic stands that lack native plant species (Thompson et al., 1987; Malecki et al., 1993). Established L. salicaria populations persist for de- cades, are difficult to control using conventional tech- niques (chemical, physical, and mechanical), and con- tinue to spread into adjacent areas (Thompson et al., 1987). Purple loosestrife has been declared a noxious weed in at least 19 states. Nature of Damage Economic damage. With the exception of reduced palatability of hay containing purple loosestrife and Figure 1. Purple loosestrife stand. reduction of water flow in irrigation systems in the (Photo by B. Blossey.) West, purple loosestrife does not cause direct eco- nomic losses. Indirect losses accrue due to reductions in waterfowl viewing and hunting opportunities. Ecological damage. The invasion of L. salicaria alters biogeochemical and hydrological processes in wetlands. Areas dominated by purple loosestrife (Fig. 2) show significantly lower porewater pools of phos- phate in the summer compared to areas dominated by Typha latifolia L. (Templer et al., 1998). Purple loosestrife leaves decompose quickly in the fall re- sulting in a nutrient flush, whereas leaves of native species decompose in the spring (Barlocher and Biddiscombe, 1996; Emery and
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Columbia Cascade Ecoprovince Wildlife Assessment and Inventory
    Draft Columbia Cascade Ecoprovince Wildlife Assessment and Inventory Submitted by Paul Ashley and Stacey H. Stovall Table of Contents Table of Contents........................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. iii List of Tables................................................................................................................................. v 1.0 Wildlife Assessment Framework .......................................................................................1 1.1 Assessment Tools.......................................................................................................3 2.0 Physical Features..............................................................................................................3 2.1 Land Area....................................................................................................................3 2.2 Physiography...............................................................................................................4 3.0 Socio-Political Features ....................................................................................................5 3.1 Land Ownership ..........................................................................................................5 3.2 Land Use.....................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]