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Coastal Protection in the Pacific Islands: Current Trends and Future Prospects

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Coastal Protection in the Pacific Islands: Current Trends and Future Prospects South Pacific Regional Environment Programme South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission Coastal Protection in the Pacific islands: Current Trends and Future Prospects Proceedings of the First and Second Regional Coastal Protection Meetings: Held on 21-23 February 1994 in Apia, Western Samoa, and on 16-20 May 1994 in Suva, Fiji. SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 177 Pub~hedinJune1994 Apia, Western Samoa i Coastal Protection in the Pacific islands Forward It was the 24th South Pacific Forum, held last year in Nauru, that cloarly r~xprr~sspdits concern for the provision of effective coastal protection systems in rho region Its request to SPREP and SOPAC to convene such workshops as mav bo rcqu ired of regional officials and distinguished experts to assess the region's needs and to oxam inn various systems of coastal protection, then provide recommendations for consideration at this year's Forum, has been ably supported by the financial assistance of t ho N(~\\' Zealand and Australian Governments, In convening the two meetings SPREP and SOPAC invited their respective member countries and territories to attend. This was done in the interest of strengthening regional cooperation and in broadening the range of experience and expertise at the meetings, The governments of Germany, Japan and The Netherlands were also invited to attend, due to their past and present involvement with coastal protection in the region. Unfortunately, they did not attend. In assessing the coastal protection needs of the region during the First Coastal Protection Meeting, it was unanimously agreed that the provision of effectivp coastal protection systems required consideration in the broadest context and over the long-PI' time-frame. The construction of engineered coastal protection structures are therefore only one particular aspect of the provision of effective coastal protection. Both SPREP and SOPAC have encouraged the meetings to openly discuss all t.ho issues associated with the Forum's request, and to arrive at the recommendations in a transparent manner. SPREP has appreciated SOPAC's assistance and cooperation in organising and running these meetings. With the necessary support the two agencies will be able to continue with the activities identified during the meetings. These meetings have successfully layed the ground-work for the effective provision of coastal protection in the region. It is now hoped that the support necessary to maintain the momentum generat(~d by these successful meetings will be forthcoming. Viii A. Fuavao Director, SPREP June 1994 ii Current Trends and Future Prospects Contents Forward....................................................................................................................................... ii Preface......................................................................................................................................... v Part 1: First Coastal Protection Meeting 1 Su.nunary Report 0/ the Meeting 3 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 3 Programme 3 Summary Statements 3 Needs 4 Second Workshop............................................................................................................. 7 Annexes........................................................................................................................................ 8 Annex 1: List of participants 8 Annex 2: Programme for the First Coastal Protection Meeting 10 Annex 3: Papers presented by distinguished experts 11 Annex 4: Country Papers 25 Part 2: Second Coastal Protection Meeting............................................................... 55 Summary Report 0/ the Meeting 57 Introduction 57 First Coastal Protection Meeting 57 Second Coastal Protection Meeting 57 Summary Statements :.......................... 58 Needs and Priorities 58 Recommendations 61 Annexes 63 Annex 1: List of participants 63 Annex 2: Programme for the Second Coastal Protection Meeting... 66 Annex 3: Report submitted to the 1994 Forum Officials Committee....................... 67 Annex 4: Opening Address... 74 Annex 5: Country Reports and Case Studies............................................................. 76 Annex 5: Summary of the Discussions During Country Reports 149 Annex 6: Papers Presented by Individuals 158 iii Coastal Protection in the Pacific islands iv Preface Cum'" Trends and Future JT<,.pe,U The protection of the coastal areas of Pacific American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated island nations is fundamental to their States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Northern sustained economic development. Concern Mariana Islands, Nauru, Niue, Papua New about protection from coastal erosion was Guinea, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western expressed by Pacific island leaders at the 1992 Samoa were represented. Sailimalo Pati Liu, South Pacific Forum Meeting held in Honiara, Environment Planning Officer, Western Solomon Islands. Samoa, was elected to chair the meeting and SPREP and SOPAC representatives to be Heads of Government then noted the need for rapporteurs. effective coastal protection in the region and requested that SOPAC and SPREP, together: The primary objective of the First Coastal firstly, investigate various coastal protection Protection Meeting was to assess the key needs systems being developed or that are already in of the region for the provision of effective place that might be beneficial throughout the coastal protection. Country reports on the region; and secondly, convene jointly such issues and needs relating to coastal protection meetings as may be necessary for that purpose, in their areas were presented. In addition, four and report back to the Forum countries as soon papers were presented by the distinguished as possible. As a first step, and before the 1993 experts. A field trip was held around the Apia Forum conference, a review report was area to examine various systems of coastal prepared which was intended as a background protection currently being practiced. paper for a subsequent workshop, or workshops. A range of needs and issues were identified during the country presentations and the The 24th South Pacific Forum, held in Nauru ensuing discussions. From these the meeting (10-11 August, 1993), "...reiterated its concern developed six summary statements and to ensure the early provision of effective coastal identified eight general needs categories for protection systems in the region." It requested, effective coastal protection in the region. It "...SPREP, in consultation with SOPAC, to was decided that these eight general needs convene at an early date such workshops as categories should form the basis for initial may be required of regional officials and discussions at the Second Coastal Protection distinguished experts in the field to assess the Meeting. needs of the region; examine various systems of coastal protection, both existing and in the The summary report of the First Coastal process of development; and prepare a detailed Protection Meeting, along with the papers report, with recommendations for consideration presented, are all included in Part 1 of this at the 1994 meeting of the Forum." (1993 volume. Forum Communique). In convening the two meetings SPREP and Second Coastal Protection Meeting SOPAC invited their respective member countries and territories to attend. This was The Second Coastal Protection Meeting done in the interest of strengthening regional was held in Suva, Fiji, 16-20 May 1994. The cooperation and in broadening the range of meeting was attended by 43 regional officials, experience and expertise at the meetings. experts and observers representing 17 The financial assistance the Australian and countries and territories. New Zealand governments provided to support Once again the areas of expertise of the the meetings is gratefully acknowledged. participants covered the range of disciplines represented at the first meeting. Those countries and territories were: American First Coastal Protection Meeting Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall The First Coastal Protection Meeting was Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New held in Apia, Western Samoa, 21-23 February Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, 1994, and attended by 29 regional officials and Vanuatu and Western Samoa. experts. These included coastal managers, environmental officers, geoscientists and engmeers. v Sailimalo Pati Liu, the Chairman for the first Each country representative reported to the meeting was elected by consensus to chair the meeting experiences and problems concerning second meeting so as to provide continuity the eight coastal protection needs identified between the meetings. SPREP and SOPAC during the first meeting. Although the country representatives, with assistance from the four reports and case studies are presented country invited experts, were rapporteurs of the by country in this proceedings volume, the meeting. actual presentations and discussions were conductedneed by need. The objectivesof the secondmeeting were to: Particular examples of man-made coastal • discuss the eight general needs identified protection structures in the region were during the first meeting, on a country by presented and discussed by member country country basis; participants and the resource people. A • provide case studies of various systems of number of presentations on coastal protection coastal protection, both in use and in and coastal protection systems
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