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Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro Interdisciplinario De Ciencias Marinas INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL CENTRO INTERDISCIPLINARIO DE CIENCIAS MARINAS “COMPARACION DEL PATRON REPRODUCTIVO DE Megapitaria squalida (SOWERBY, 1835) EN LA LAGUNA OJO DE LIEBRE, OCEANO PACIFICO Y EN BAHIA JUNCALITO, GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA, B.C.S., MEXICO “. TESIS QUE PRESENTA EL BIÓLOGO Marcos Fabian Quiñones Arreola PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS La Paz, B.C.S. Agosto del 2003. ÍNDICE Pág. LISTA DE FIGURAS …………………………………………………………………………………………I LISTA DE TABLAS ………………………………………………………………………………………….II GLOSARIO ………………………………………………………………………………...………………. III RESÚMEN ………………………………………………………………………………………………....VIII ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………………………. X 1. INTRODUCCIÓN.................................................................................................................................. 2 2. ANTECEDENTES ................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Taxonomía de Megapitaria Squalida............................................................................................. 6 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN................................................................................................................................... 7 4. HIPÓTESIS............................................................................................................................................ 9 5. OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................................................... 9 5.1. General........................................................................................................................................ 9 5.2. Particulares ................................................................................................................................. 9 6. METODOLOGÍA ................................................................................................................................ 10 6.1. Área de estudio........................................................................................................................... 10 6.2. Recolecta de organismos ............................................................................................................ 14 6.3. Técnica histológica..................................................................................................................... 14 6.4. Proporción de sexos ................................................................................................................... 16 6.5. Caracterización de las fases de desarrollo gonádico ................................................................... 17 6.6. Determinación del ciclo reproductivo ......................................................................................... 18 6.7. Época de reproducción............................................................................................................... 18 6.8. Índice de madurez ...................................................................................................................... 18 6.9. Diámetro de ovocitos.................................................................................................................. 19 6.10. Porcentaje de área folicular ..................................................................................................... 20 6.11. Análisis estadísticos.................................................................................................................. 21 7. RESULTADOS..................................................................................................................................... 22 7.1. Descripción histológica de las fases de desarrollo gonádico ....................................................... 22 7.2. Hermafroditismo ........................................................................................................................ 25 7.3. Proporción de sexos/mes ............................................................................................................ 26 7.4. Proporción de sexos/clase de talla.............................................................................................. 28 7.5. Ciclo reproductivo...................................................................................................................... 30 7.6. Época de reproducción............................................................................................................... 35 7.7. Temperatura............................................................................................................................... 35 7.8. Índice de madurez ...................................................................................................................... 36 7.9. Diámetro de ovocitos.................................................................................................................. 38 7.10. Porcentaje de área folicular ..................................................................................................... 40 7.11. Correlación entre las variables................................................................................................. 41 8. DISCUSIÓN ......................................................................................................................................... 44 9. CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................................................ 53 10. RECOMENDACIONES..................................................................................................................... 54 11. LITERATURA CITADA ................................................................................................................... 55 CICIMAR, IPN LISTA DE FIGURAS Página Figura 1.- Localización geográfica de la Laguna Ojo de Liebre en 11 Baja California Sur, México. Figura 2.- Localización geográfica de Bahía Juncalito, Baja 13 California Sur, México. Figura 3.- Pasos a seguir para aplicar la técnica histológica. 14 Figura 4.- Gónada indiferenciada tomada a un aumento de 10 x. 22 Figura 5.- Gónadas en fase de desarrollo: a) hembras, b) machos. 23 Tomadas a un aumento de 10 x. Figura 6.- Gónadas en fase de madurez: a) hembras, b) machos. 23 Tomadas a un aumento de 10 x. Figura 7.- Gónadas en fase de desove: a) hembras, b) machos. 24 Tomadas a un aumento de 10 x. Figura 8.- Gónadas en fase de posdesove: a) hembras, b) machos. 25 Tomadas a un aumento de 10 x. Figura 9.- Gónada de un organismo hermafrodita. EZ, 25 espermatozoides; OV, ovocitos. Tomada a un aumento de 10 x. Figura 10.- Ciclo reproductivo en hembras de M. squalida en la 31 Laguna Ojo de Liebre. Figura 11.- Ciclo reproductivo en machos de M. squalida en la 32 Laguna Ojo de Liebre. Figura 12.- Ciclo reproductivo en hembras de M. squalida en Bahía 33 Juncalito. Figura 13.- Ciclo reproductivo en machos de M. squalida en Bahía 34 Juncalito. Figura 14.- Variación de la temperatura registrada en la Laguna Ojo 36 de Liebre y Bahía Juncalito. Figura 15.- Variación del índice de madurez de hembras en la 37 Laguna Ojo de Liebre y Bahía Juncalito. Figura 16.- Variación del Índice de madurez de machos en la 38 Laguna Ojo de Liebre y Bahía Juncalito. Figura 17.- Variación del diámetro promedio de ovocitos en la 39 Laguna Ojo de Liebre y Bahía Juncalito. Figura 18.- Variación del porcentaje de área folicular en la Laguna 40 Ojo de Liebre y Bahía Juncalito. Figura 19.- Diámetro de ovocitos vs. porcentaje de área folicular en: 41 a) Laguna Ojo de Liebre y b) Bahía Juncalito. Figura 20.- Comparación de la variación del índice de madurez y la 43 temperatura del agua en: a) Laguna Ojo de Liebre y b) Bahía Juncalito. Marcos F. Quiñones Arreola I CICIMAR, IPN LISTA DE TABLAS Página Tabla 1.- Tiempos de inmersión para el proceso histológico. 15 Abreviaciones: 80, 96 y 100, concentraciones de alcohol (%), h, horas; m, minutos; OH-HeDe, mezcla 1:1 de alcohol-hemo De; HeDe, Hemo De 100%; HeDe-P, Hemo De – Parafina 1:1; I, II, pasos de parafina 100%. Tabla 2.- Tiempos de inmersión para el proceso de tinción. 16 Abreviaciones: Am, Americlear; 70, 96 y 100 concentraciones de alcohol (%); Ag, agua; AgAmo, agua amoniacal; Eo, eosina; m, minutos; OHac, alcohol ácido; s, segundos. Tabla 3.- Variables morfométricas de M. squalida de la Laguna Ojo de 26 Liebre. Tabla 4.- Proporción mensual de sexos de M. squalida de la Laguna 27 Ojo de Liebre. Tabla 5.- Variables morfométricas de M. squalida de Bahía Juncalito. 27 Tabla 6.- Proporción mensual de sexos de M. squalida de Bahía 28 Juncalito. Tabla 7.- Proporción de sexos por clase de talla de M. squalida de la 29 Laguna Ojo de Liebre. Tabla 8.- Resultados de la proporción de sexos por clase de talla de M. 30 squalida de Bahía Juncalito. Marcos F. Quiñones Arreola II CICIMAR, IPN GLOSARIO Acini: Centro de desarrollo gametogénico; folículos en hembras y túbulos en machos. Acinus: (Plural acini). Pequeño saco cuyas paredes están formadas por células secretoras. Células foliculares: Células que envuelven al gameto femenino formando el folículo; estas células proveen los elementos con que se nutre el gameto femenino. Células sexuales: Células pertenecientes a la estirpe germinal, que sufren una diferenciación en células masculinas o femeninas y cuya finalidad es la fecundación. Ciclo gametogénico: Eventos repetitivos dentro de las gónadas que conducen a las formación de gametos. Ciclo gonádico: Evento repetitivo dentro de las gónadas y que conducen a
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