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Comparative Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Profiles in the Strains Of Baseline / Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (2005) 208–236 211 Acknowledgment Muir, D., Braune, B., DeMarch, B., Norstrom, R., Wagemann, R., Lockhart, L., Hargrave, B., Bright, D., Addison, R., Payne, J., The authors wish to thank Hector de Haro for the Reimer, K., 1999. Spatial and temporal trends and effects of contaminants in the Canadian Arctic marine ecosystem: a review. sample preparations and the staff of the Natal Sharks Science of the Total Environment 230, 83–144. Board who made the tissue sampling possible. Serrano, R., Ferna´ndez, M.A., Herna´ndez, L.M., Herna´ndez, M., Pascual, P., Rabanal, R.M., Gonza´lez, M.J., 1997. Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in shark livers from the North- References Western African Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 58, 150–157. Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry (ATSDR)/US Storelli, M.M., Marcotrigiano, G.O., 2001. Persistent organochlorine Public Health Service, 1994. Toxicological Profile for 4,40-DDT, residues and toxic evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls in 4,40-DDE, 4,40-DDD (Update). ATSDR, Atlanta, GA. sharks from the Mediterranean Sea (Italy). Marine Pollution Aguilar, A., 1984. Relationships of DDE/DDT in marine mammals to Bulletin 42, 1323–1329. the chronology of DDT input into the ecosystem. Canadian Swann, R.L., McCall, P.J., Laskowski, D.A., Dishburger, H.J., Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 41, 840–844. 1981. Estimation of soil sorption constants of organic chemicals Cliff, G., Dudley, S.F.J., Davis, B., 1989. Sharks caught in the by high-performance liquid chromatography. In: Aquat. Toxi- protective gill nets off Natal, South Africa. 2. The great white shark col. Hazard Assess., ASTM Special Technical Publication 737, (Carcharodon carcharias). South African Journal of Marine Science pp. 43–48. 8, 131–144. Tren, R., Bate, R., 2004. South AfricaÕs War against Malaria: Lessons Davis, J.A., May, M.D., Greenfield, B.K., Fairey, R., Roberts, C., for the Developing World. Cato Policy Analysis No. 513, Cato Ichikawa, G., Stoelting, M.S., Becker, J.S., Tjeerdema, R.S., 2002. Institute, Washington, DC. Contaminant concentrations in sport fish from San Francisco Bay. Tricas, T.C., McCosker, J.E., 1984. Predatory behavior of the Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 1117–1129. white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) with notes on its biology. de Kock, A.C., Best, P.B., Cockcroft, V., Bosma, C., 1994. Persistent Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 43, 221–238. organochlorine residues in small cetaceans from the East and West Vetter, W., Weichbrodt, M., Scholz, E., Luckas, B., Oelschlager, H., coasts of southern Africa. Science of the Total Environment 154, 1999. Levels of organochlorines (DDT, PCBs, toxaphene, chlor- 153–162. dane, dieldrin, and HCHs) in blubber of South African fur seals Hayteas, D.L., Duffield, D.A., 2000. High levels of PCB and p,p0-DDE (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) from Cape Cross/Namibia. Marine found in the blubber of killer whales (Ocinus orca). Marine Pollution Bulletin 38, 830–836. Pollution Bulletin 40, 558–561. Watling, R.J., Watling, H.R., Stanton, R.C., McClurg, T.P., Enge- Howard, P.H., Meylan, W.M., 1997. Prediction of physical properties, lbrecht, E.M., 1982. The distribution and significance of toxic transport, and degradation for environmental fate and exposure metals in sharks from the Natal Coast. South Africa Water Science assessments. In: Chen, F., Schuurmann, G. (Eds.), Quantitative and Technology 14, 21–30. Structure–Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences—VII, Wintner, S.P., Cliff, G., 1999. Age and growth determination of the Proceedings QSAR96. SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, pp. 197– white shark, Carcharodon carcharias from the East Coast of South 217. Africa. Fisheries Bulletin 97, 153–169. 0025-326X/$ - see front matter Ó 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.032 Comparative paralytic shellfish toxin profiles in the strains of Gymnodinium catenatum Graham from the Gulf of California, Mexico I. Ga´rate-Liza´rraga a,*, J.J. Bustillos-Guzma´n b, L. Morquecho b, C.J. Band-Schmidt a, R. Alonso-Rodrı´guez b, K. Erler c, B. Luckas c, A. Reyes-Salinas b, D.T. Go´ngora-Gonza´lez b a Departamento de Plancton y Ecologı´a Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Apdo. Postal 592, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Me´xico b Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Apdo. Postal 128, La Paz, B.C.S. 23000, Me´xico c Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Department of Food Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Dornburgerstraße 25, 07743 Jena, Germany Gymnodinium catenatum was described for the first time in the Gulf of California, Mexico by Graham * Corresponding author. Tel.: +52 112 25344/+52 612 1230350x82434; fax: +52 112 25322/+52 612 122 5322. (1943). The known global distribution of this species E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] has increased dramatically in the past few decades, (I. Ga´rate-Liza´rraga). and it is now reported in every continent, its vegetative 212 Baseline / Marine Pollution Bulletin 50 (2005) 208–236 forms having been recorded in Argentina, Alexandria, Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Italy, Japan, Korea, Philip- pines, Portugal, Spain, Singapore, Uruguay, and Vene- zuela (Hallegraeff and Fraga, 1996; Negri et al., 2001; La Barbera-Sa´nchez and Gamboa-Maruez, 2001; Holmes et al., 2002; Go´mez, 2003; Leal et al., 2003; Park et al., 2004). G. catenatum is the only known gymnodi- niod dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish poi- soning (PSP) (Hallegraeff and Fraga, 1996), and up to 20 saxitoxin analogues have been reported (Negri et al., 2001, 2003). G. catenatum is an important compo- nent of the phytoplankton along the Mexican Pacific coastline (Graham, 1943; Mee et al., 1986; Corte´s-Alta- mirano et al., 1999; Figueroa-Torres and Zepeda-Esqui- vel, 2001; Herrera-Galindo, 2002; Ga´rate-Liza´rraga et al., 2004a,b; Morquecho and Lechuga-Deve´ze, 2004; Band-Schmidt et al., 2005). High concentrations have been reported with few human fatalities, and extensive fish mortalities (Mee et al., 1986; Corte´s-Altamirano and Alonso-Rodrı´guez, 1997). Recently, massive mor- tality events of nauplii and adult shrimp related to G. catenatum blooms have been documented along the Fig. 1. Sampling stations ( ) and historical records (d) of distribution Sinaloa shoreline (Alonso-Rodrı´guez and Pa´ez-Osuna, of Gymnodinium catenatum along the Gulf of California (Graham, ´ 1943; Gilbert and Allen, 1943; Mee et al., 1986; Manrique and 2003; Alonso-Rodrıguez et al., 2004). Molina, 1997; Corte´s-Altamirano and Alonso-Rodrı´guez, 1997; Corte´s- Paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) profiles have been Altamirano et al., 1999; Morquecho and Lechuga-Deve´ze, 2004; determined in several strains of G. catenatum isolated Ga´rate-Liza´rraga et al., 2001; Ga´rate-Liza´rraga et al., 2004a, 2004b; from Bahı´a Concepcio´n, and nine saxitoxin analogues Alonso-Rodrı´guez et al., 2004; Band-Schmidt et al., 2004; this study). were determined (Band-Schmidt et al., 2005). In wild phytoplankton samples containing G. catenatum from Bahı´a Concepcio´n, Bahı´a de Mazatla´n and Bahı´ade riched with GSe (Doblin et al., 2000). Vegetative cells La Paz, also nine saxitoxin analogues were determined; were isolated from the enrichment medium with micro- SXT and neoSXT were observed only in the Bahı´adeLa pipettes using an inverted microscope (Carl Zeiss, Axio- Paz, and Bahı´a Concepcio´n samples, respectively vert 100). Cells were transferred individually to 24-well (Ga´rate-Liza´rraga et al., 2004a,b). Differences found in plates, previously filled with modified GSe medium the toxin profiles of three G. catenatum populations (Blackburn et al., 1989), and maintained at 21 ± 1 °C, led us to compare the toxicity of Mexican strains of L:D, 12:12, and 65 lEmÀ2 sÀ1 light intensity. Culture G. catenatum isolated from three bays of the Gulf of media were prepared using aged Bahı´a Concepcio´n California in culture conditions to determine if they and Bahı´a de La Paz seawater (salinity 35). Both sea- have a typical or similar PST profiles. water and nutrients were sterilized through a 0.22-lm G. catenatum strains were isolated from three embay- filter. Cultures from wells were transferred into 75-mL ments from the Gulf of California (Fig. 1). Four strains culture flasks for experimental and identification from Bahı´a Concepcio´n (BACO) were isolated from purposes. Nine clonal cultures from vegetative cells vegetative cells collected by vertical tows of a 20 lm and one strain from cyst germination of G. catenatum net during April 2001. A fifth strain was obtained from were established (Table 1). Batch cultures (50 mL) were resting cysts found in sediment samples collected with a grown in tissue culture flasks at 20 ± 1 °C with overhead gravity corer (5–20 cm length, 1.3 cm in diameter) dur- illumination of 150 lEmÀ2 sÀ1 (12:12 h L:D cycle) and ing June 2000. The cores were wrapped in aluminum foil harvested during exponential growth phase after inocu- and stored in darkness at 4 °C. Strains from Bahı´ade lation with G. catenatum strains. Cultures were har- Mazatla´n were isolated from water samples taken with vested by filtration through GF/F glass fiber filters and a Van Dorn bottle during a red tide of G. catenatum immediately frozen at À20 °C. These filters were used during April 2003. Strains from Bahı´a de La Paz were for toxin analysis. also isolated from phytoplankton net (20 lm) samples Paralytic shellfish toxins were extracted by adding collected during January 2003. 2 mL acetic acid (0.03 N) to each G. catenatum contain- Cell concentrates were sieved through a 60-lm mesh ing filter, sonicated at 35 kHz for 60 s in an ice bath, cen- to eliminate larger organisms and to inoculate 250-mL trifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min, and the supernatant culture container, previously filled with seawater en- filtered with a single-use syringe-filter (0.45 lm).
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    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 1988 Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future Erik Baqueiro Michael Castagna Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Baqueiro, Erik and Castagna, Michael, "Fishery And Culture Of Selected Bivalves In Mexico: Past, Present And Future" (1988). VIMS Articles. 1287. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/1287 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, 433-443, 1988. FISHERY AND CULTURE OF SELECTED BIVALVES IN MEXICO: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE1 ERIK BAQUEIR02 AND M. CASTAGNA3 2Apartado postal 587 Campeche, Camp., Mex(co 3Virginia Institute of Marine Science School of Marine Science College of William and Mary Wachapreague, Virginia 23480 0 "i ABSTRACT This paper reviews the culture of selected bivalves of Mexico. Most species are utilized locally, but there is potential for some exports. The culture and fisheries of bivalves are often hampered by lack of information and restrictive regulations. Pinctada mazatlanica was grown for pearls and pearl shell production in the early 1900s. The methods used for its culture are reviewed. The culture of a few commercial species has shown encouraging results. Over 10,000 kilometers of coastal area with more than 1.5 million hectares of coastal lagoons and bays, plus a subtropical climate, give Mexico a great potential for the development of mariculture.
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  • Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 June 2017 doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0127.v1 Review Sex Determining Mechanisms in Bivalves Sophie Bretona,*, Charlotte Capta, Davide Guerraa, Donald Stewartb a Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] b Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6 Canada; [email protected] *Corresponding author: Sophie Breton, Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, Email: [email protected] Abstract:In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the different sexual systems and sex determining mechanisms in bivalves, with a focus on the various epigenetic and genetic factors that may be involved. The final section of the review provides recent discoveries on sex-specific mitochondrial genes in bivalves possessing the unconventional system of doubly uniparental inheritance of mitochondria (which is found in several members of the orders Mytiloida, Unionoida, Veneroida and Nuculanoida). The genes involved in this developmental pathway could represent the first sex determination system in animals in which mitochondrially-encoded genes are directly involved. Keywords: sex determination, exual systems, bivalvia, mitochondria 1. Introduction More than 70 years have passed since the pioneering review of W.R. Coe on sexual differentiation in bivalve molluscs (Coe 1943). His review summarized information on the diverse modes of sexual reproduction found in bivalves, ranging from functional (simultaneous) hermaphroditism, alternative sexuality (sequential hermaphroditism), to strict gonochorism or dioecy (i.e., species that exist as separate males and females).
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  • Recovery of the Sea Star Heliaster Kubiniji from a Mass Mortality Event, and Additional Dynamics of Intertidal Invertebrates Within the Gulf of California
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Summer 2021 Recovery of the sea star Heliaster kubiniji from a mass mortality event, and additional dynamics of intertidal invertebrates within the Gulf of California Carter Urnes Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Urnes, Carter, "Recovery of the sea star Heliaster kubiniji from a mass mortality event, and additional dynamics of intertidal invertebrates within the Gulf of California" (2021). WWU Graduate School Collection. 1056. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/1056 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recovery of the sea star Heliaster kubiniji from a mass mortality event, and additional dynamics of intertidal invertebrates within the Gulf of California By Carter Urnes Accepted in Partial Completion of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science ADVISORY COMMITTEE Dr. Benjamin Miner, Chair Dr. Alejandro Acevedo-Gutéirrez Dr. Marion Brodhagen Dr. Deborah Donovan GRADUATE SCHOOL David L. Patrick, Dean Master’s Thesis In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I grant to Western Washington University the non-exclusive royalty-free right to archive, reproduce, distribute, and display the thesis in any and all forms, including electronic format, via any digital library mechanisms maintained by WWU.
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  • Diversity, Distribution and Composition of the Bivalvia Class on the Rocky Intertidal Zone of Marine Priority Region 32, Mexico
    Open Journal of Ecology, 2014, 4, 961-973 Published Online November 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/oje http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.415080 Diversity, Distribution and Composition of the Bivalvia Class on the Rocky Intertidal Zone of Marine Priority Region 32, Mexico Rafael Flores-Garza1, Victor López-Rojas1, Pedro Flores-Rodríguez1, Carmina Torreblanca Ramírez2 1Unidad Académica de Ecología Marina, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico 2Unidad de Ciencias de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico Email: [email protected], [email protected] Received 3 October 2014; revised 28 October 2014; accepted 4 November 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The Bivalvia Class, is widely represented in marine ecosystems and is economically important; this research focused on this class and was carried out by sampling the rocky intertidal zone of seven sites located in the Marina Region Priority No. 32, Guerrero, Mexico, where the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity reported lack of knowledge on marine species living there. The objectives were to examine species richness associated with the rocky intertidal zone, determine how the community is composed by the representation of families based on species richness and abundance, know the distribution of the species, analyze the struc- ture sizes of populations and estimate the diversity index. Sampling was conducted at seven sites; the sampling unit was one square meter and the sampling area was 10 m2.
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