FACTORS THAT IMPACT FOOD TRENDS • Household Structures • Multicultural Influences • US Economy Growth • Industrial Revolutions • Population Age • Meal Preparation • International Trade • New Markets • Ethnic Population Share • Pleasure & Experiences • War • Product/Process • Labor Force • Dietary Requirements • World Revolution Discoveries • Education • Health & Wellness • Government • Futuristic Ideas DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY Food trends: From 1900 to the future 1900ʼs-1950ʼs: SUMMARY TIMELINE Decadent Sandwiches Golden Twenties: Function Overpowering & Satisfying a “Sweet Jazz, Cocktail Parties Fashion with Frozen Tooth”! & Processed Foods! French Fries! 1900-1909 1910-1919 1920-1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1950-1959 “Hyphenated Ethnic Convenient & Fabulous Fifties Floats Food Fusion” & Hearty Prepared Foods & Bountiful Noodles & Meals ‘n’ Biscuits! Stretched to the Max! Rice! 1960ʼs-2010ʼs: SUMMARY TIMELINE Swinging Sixties & the Rockin’ Eighties with a Bite-Size, Hand-Held Radical Revolution of Splash of Popcorn & and On-the-Go Food Cooking with Julia Child! Dash of Gourmet! Craze! 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-Future “Me” Decade: Self - Taking the “Bad-for- Where to Next?… Indulgent Desserts & You” out of Foods with Prepackaged Foods! Hip Hop Flair! 1900-1909: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • 76 MM US population • Contagious optimism • ~50% <23 yr. old • Meat-filled menus • ~50% household of 6+ people • Poor sanitation and public safety standards • Less than 2% graduated high school • More Americans died of tuberculosis than • Families spent an average of 43% of their cancer income on food DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE DESSERTS BAKED GOODS SWEET TEA SEAFOOD SANDWICHES ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY • US agricultural exports ~$917 MM/year • Farmers were 38% of the labor force • Patent for steam engine • ~5.74 MM farms (avg. farm 147 acres) • Introduction of monoplane • ~1% Americans invested in public US • First electric typewriter companies or mutual funds • Panama Canal construction • S&P 500 index was 6.2 • First radio receiver 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 FOOD INTRODUCTIONS IN THE 1900ʼs Banbury Tarts 1900 Peanut Butter & Jelly 1901 Animal Crackers Karo Syrup 1902 Devil’s Food Cake Cranberry Bread 1903 Club Sandwiches Canned Tuna Banana Splits 1904 Ovaltine New York Pizza 1905 Lady Baltimore Cakes Brownies Submarine Sandwiches Banana Cream Pie 1906 Tamale Pie Onion Rings Divinity Fudge 1907 Mufolletta Sandwiches Sauerkraut Candy Aioli Buttercream Frosting 1908 Steak Diane Shrimp Cocktail Lobster fra diavolo 1909 Tetrazzini Kaiser Pudding 1910-1919: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • 92 MM US population • Beginning of processed foods • US immigration at all-time high; diversifying • The self-service market was born the American kitchen • Desire to purchase bounty list of items by self selection vs. handing list to clerk • Before WWI, it was chic to look plump (heavier than average weight; indicated wealth and upper class status) HEARTY MEALS DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE ETHNIC FUSION CHOW MEIN GOULASH BREAD/BISCUITS ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY • US agricultural exports ~$1.9 B/year • Clarence Birdseye made progress to perfect • Farmers were 31% of the labor force process for frosted foods before introducing • ~6.36 MM farms (avg. farm 138 to the world acres) • The refrigerator (first electric cooler) was • US government spending, as a share of introduced by Guardian GDP, was ~1.8% in 1913 • Model T Ford dominated automobile market • America’s entry into WWI with Germany • Stainless Steel was invented by Harry • HMS Titanic hit an iceberg Brearley 1900 19101910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 FOOD INTRODUCTIONS IN THE 1910ʼs Your own sub headline Jell-O 1910 Orange Juice Crisco 1911 Applesauce Cake Oreos 1912 Maraschino Cherries Coq au vin Fortune Cookies 1913 Italian Cream Cake Chicken a la King Thousand Island Dressing Chinese-Japanese Cuisine 1914 Fettuccine Alfredo Biscuits Hush Puppies Chicken Fried Steak 1915 Peanut Butter Cookies Apple Crisp Pan-Pacific Cuisine Australian Copha 1916 Field Bread 1917 Marshmallow Fluff Moon Pies Chase’s Cherry Mash 1918 Vichyssoise American Cocktails Hostess Cupcake Ice Box Cakes Chocolate Truffles 1919 1920-1929: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • 106 MM US population • Processed foods played a significant role in the • Decline in number of births in late 1920’s American diet • Rural to urban migration • People had more money and were willing to • Decrease in foreign immigration spend it conspicuously (novel gadgets such as • Rise in number of women in the workforce toasters, appliances, etc.) • Unwelcomed Prohibition did not curtail drinking habits; cocktail party was born • Love of loud music, art and culture FINGER FOODS DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE SALADS COCKTAILS HOT DOGS CAKES ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY • US agricultural exports ~$1.94 B/year • Emergence of: • Farmers were 27% of the labor force • industrial freezing process • ~6.45 MM farms (avg. farm: 148 acres) • nationally distributed foods • Stock Market was boisterous, until the 1929 • cafeterias, lunch counters and fast food Wall Street Stock Market Crash establishments • 19th Amendment was ratified, prohibiting any • First transatlantic two-way broadcast US citizen from being denied the right to vote • Domestic radio sets and electronic music based on sex instrument invented • Large-scale diffusion of automobiles, motion pictures, telephones, and electricity 1900 1910 19201920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 FOOD INTRODUCTIONS IN THE 1920ʼs Your own sub headline Egg Creams 1920 French 75 Cocktail Wonder Bread 1921 Chiffon Pie Salads Vegemite 1922 Girl Scout Cookies Popsicles 1923 Diabetic Foods Frozen Foods 1924 Pineapple Upside Down Cake Texas Hot Weiners Ready-to-spread Frosting Chocolate Covered Potato Chips Jujifruit Candy 1925 Lemon Sponge Cake Peanut & Pecan Desserts 1926 Orange Julius 1927 Kool-Aid Pez Gerber’s Baby Food 1928 Bridge Mix S’mores Mayonnaise Cake Po’Boy 1929 Hot Italian Sandwiches Twizzlers & Karmelkorn 1930-1939: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • 123 MM US population • Families challenged to live with less and be task • Decline in number of births in early 1930’s masters; stretched meals with low cost foods • ~25% of wage earning workers were • Convenient & prepared meals increased (one-pot unemployed; and the unemployed stopped meals, casseroles, fresh vegetables) spending • Comedy movies, musicals & swing dance were popular to create distraction from life struggles MAC ‘N’ CHEESE DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE HAMBURGER MEAT LOAF SPAM VEGETABLES ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY • US agricultural exports ~$765 MM/year • Radar was invented • Farmers were 21% of the labor force • The “Hoover Dam” is completed • 6.295 MM farms (avg. farm: 157 acres) • Air Mail service began across the Atlantic ocean • Great Depression • Nuclear fission discovered • Social security & national labor relations acts • Kodachrome (color film) is invented by Kodak were instated • HD TV service from BBC broadcasted • Drought & dust storms hindered crops • The chocolate chip cookie was developed 1900 1910 1920 19301930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 FOOD INTRODUCTIONS IN THE 1930ʼs Your own sub headline Twinkies 1930 Jiffy Biscuit Mix Refrigerated Biscuits & Pie Heinz 57 Product Line 1931 Tacos London Broil Fritos 1932 Pablum Marshmallow Sandwich Cookies Chocolate Covered Pretzels 1933 Hawaiian Punch 1934 Nabisco’s Ritz Crackers Campbell’s Cream of Mushroom Sloppy Joes 1935 Soup Breadless Sandwiches Double Patty Hamburger Sandwich 1936 Chef’s Salad No Bake Cookies Reuben Chicken Kiev 1937 Cobb Salad Chicken & Waffles Krispy Kreme 1938 Instant Coffee SPAM Bloody Mary Kix Cereal 1939 Milk Sold by the Gallon 1940-1949: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • 132 MM US population • While men were at war; numerous women went • Beginning of Baby Boom (increase in number of into factories births between 1946-1964) • Many households lost servant/maid • Post war, thriftiness was rewarded by Chiffon Cake • While rationing was full force, function seemed to overpower fashion until the end of the war CORN DOGS DEMOGRAPHICS LIFESTYLE NACHOS SOUP PUDDING/CAKE FROZEN FOODS ECONOMY TECHNOLOGY • US agricultural exports ~$2.42 B/year • Vegetable oil introduced • Farmers were 18% of the labor force • Margarine introduced as a replacement for • ~6.1 MM farms (avg. farm: 175 acres) butter • WW II introduced: firebombs and nuclear • Tupperware and the microwave oven were weapons; efficiency of mass killing invented • Increase in international trade caused • Z3: the world’s first programmable, fully expansion of cosmopolitan American diet automatic computer was built • Government regulated meat per person (28 • Frozen French fries introduced with technology oz/week) and encouraged planting gardens to prevent sogginess 1900 1910 1920 1930 19401940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 FOOD INTRODUCTIONS IN THE 1940ʼs Your own sub headline Toll House Chocolate Chip 1940 Cookies York Peppermint Patties Rice Krispies Treats Sponge Candy M&M’s 1941 Cheerios Corn Dogs/Pronto Pups Monte Cristo Sandwiches 1942 Blackout Cakes Chicago-Style Pizza 1943 Nachos Tortilla Soup 1944 Monkey Bread 1945 City Chicken Rum Balls Chicken Burgers Tuna Melt 1946 Frozen Orange Juice Chiffon Cake Nutella 1947 Betty Crocker’s Cake Mix Finger Steaks Frozen French Fries 1948 Sau Sea Shrimp Cocktail Instant Pudding Chicken Vesuvio 1949 Jolly Ranchers Par-baked Bread 1950-1959: IMPACT ON FOOD TRENDS • Hope soared and money flowed • 151 MM US population • Mom worked outside of the home for