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A New Species of Pickworthiidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from Easter Island, Southeastern Pacific

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A New Species of Pickworthiidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from Easter Island, Southeastern Pacific DOI: http://doi.org/10.18941/venus.75.1-4_99 Short Notes ©The Malacological Society of Japan99 A New Species of Pickworthiidae (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda) from Easter Island, Southeastern Pacific Tomoki Kase1* and Bret K. Raines2 1Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan; *[email protected] 2P. O. Box 1239, La Luz, NM 88337, USA The family Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917 consists one is a new species of the genus Microliotia and of microscopic, elongate rissoiform to planispiral the other is reallocated from Mareleptoptoma to gastropods with a characteristic circular rimmed Clatrosansonia. These two species are endemic to aperture and a deep sinusigeral notch in the Easter Island. variably tilted protoconch (Bouchet & Le Renard, Abbreviations: LACM – Natural History Museum 1998; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003). A molecular of Los Angeles County Museum; MNHN – Muséum phylogenetic study has shown a close relationship national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris; NMNS – between Pickworthiidae and Cerithioidea (Takano & National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba. Kano, 2014). During the last two decades shells of pickworthiids have been obtained through extensive Taxonomy collecting expeditions in the tropical Indo-West Pacific conducted mainly by the National Museum Family Pickworthiidae Iredale, 1917 of Natural History, Paris and the National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan (Kase, 1998a–c, Genus Microliotia Böttger, 1902 1999; Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003). Pickworthiids Type species: Microliotia brandenburgi Böttger, are a particularly large component of dead shell 1902, by monotypy. assemblages in tropical submarine caves and caverns Synonym: Latilabrum Kuroda & Habe, 1991; (e.g., Kase & Hayami, 1992; Kase, 1998a–c, type species Latilabrum mirabile Kuroda & Habe, 1999). The Pickworthiidae heretofore comprises 1991 by original designation. 14 genera, 65 Recent species and 12 fossil species (Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; Janssen, 2004; Microliotia rehderi n. sp. Espinosa et al., 2006; Moolenbeek & Mussai, 2010; (Fig. 1A–C) Rolán, 2005; Moolenbeek, 2008; Santos & França, 2008; Moolenbeek & Hoenslaar, 2010; Kase & Microliotia corayi (Ladd, 1966) – Raines, 2002: Letourneux, 2013; Alhejoj et al., 2016). 19, fig. 14. Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) occupies an Type material: Holotype (Fig. 1A–C), LACM- easterly location in the South Pacific, and is 3378, from silty sand in a submarine cave, 15 m in traditionally regarded as the eastern border of the depth, off Hanga-Teo on northern coast of the island. Indo-West Pacific (IWP) faunal province. Located Six paratypes, LACM-3379, MNHN IM-2014-6874 at lat. 27°09´S, long. 109°26´W, 3,800 km off the and NMNS PMR 58 from the type locality. Chilean coast and separated by 2,200 km from Etymology: Named after Harold A. Rehder, Pitcairn Island, it is the most isolated island in the who greatly contributed to our knowledge of the IWP. Due to its remote geographic location, the molluscan fauna of Easter Island. marine fauna of Easter Island has been the subject of Distribution: Known only from the type locality. studies of latitudinal gradients of marine organisms Diagnosis: A rissoiform Microliotia characterized in the IWP faunal province (e.g., Briggs, 1974). A by highly elevated and constricted spire whorls, total of more than 200 mollusks have been identified three spiral cords on the penultimate whorl and a to species level from Easter Island, of which broad varix-like peristome. The last whorl is as high 37% are endemic (Rehder, 1980; Raines, 2002; as wide, with a rounded periphery. Raines & Huber, 2012). This paper redescribes two Description: Holotype (Fig. 1A–C). Shell small, pickworthiid species from Easter Island, of which 2.78 mm high and 1.88 mm wide, rissoiform, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2B23068A-C4F2-4C27-94FB-71698BFB4DE6 100 VENUS 75 (1–4), 2017 Fig. 1. A–C. Microliotia rehderi n. sp., holotype, LACM-3378, apertural and lateral views, and protoconch. D–G. Clatrosansonia circumserrata (Raines, 2002); LACM-180379b, protoconch, and apertural, basal and lateral views. colorless, consisting of 6.25 whorls. Spire elevated, whorls, constricted between whorls. Suture linear conical, occupying about 55% of shell height. at bottom of sutural furrow. First teleoconch whorls Pleural angle 65°. Protoconch colorless, of two angulate at middle with appearance of spiral cord, whorls (Fig. 1C); protoconch I, apparently smooth sculptured by about 17 opisthocline axial ribs, due to erosion, consisting of one swollen whorl, ribs tuberculate at intersection with spiral cord; and protoconch II of one whorl sculptured with spiral cord gradually shifting downward to edge two thick spiral cords and several fine, beaded of sutural furrow in second to third whorls, adding spiral threads; sinusigeral notch with raised lip second cord at adapical edge of upper sutural and long abapical projection. Teleoconch of 4.25 furrow in third teleoconch whorl and third one Short Notes 101 at middle of whorl in fourth teleoconch whorl; Letourneux, 2013), among which Microliotia axial ribs changing inclination from opisthocline hawaiensis Kase, 1998b most closely resembles to more or less prosocline through growth, almost this new species but differs in having a more juxtaposed on successive whorls, and prominently elongate shell form with thicker axial ribs and in tuberculate at intersection with spiral cords. Last lacking thick spiral cords on the shell surface. The whorl as high as wide, weakly convex above basal protoconch morphology clearly differs between the periphery, continuously sloping into inclined and two species: M. rehderi n. sp. has a protoconch of very weakly convex base sculptured with three two whorls, while M. hawaiensis has a protoconch thick and tuberculate spiral cords, most abaxial of 1.25 whorls. one smooth. Umbilicus closed. Aperture circular, surrounded by raised rim, further surrounded by Genus Clatrosansonia Sabelli & Taviani smooth peristome. Outer lip thickened and broad, in Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003 and sculptured with five radial ribs extending from Type species: Mecoliotia philippina Bandel & last whorl surface and weak interstitial radial cord Kowalke, 1997, by original designation. between major cords. Dimensions: Clatrosansonia circumserrata (Raines, 2002) Shell Shell (Fig. 1D–G) length width (mm) (mm) Mareleptopoma circumserrata Raines, 2002: 18, LACM-3378 Holotype 2.78 1.88 fig. 13. LACM-3379a Paratype 2.28 1.61 Type material: Holotype, LACM-2938, from LACM-3379b Paratype 1.97 1.38 silty sand in a submarine cave, 15 m in depth, off LACM-3379c Paratype 1.97 1.45 Hanga-Teo on northern coast of the island. LACM-3379d Paratype 1.72 1.27 Material examined: Five specimens, LACM- MNHN IM-2014-6873 Paratype 2.08 1.43 180379a–c, MNHN IM-2014-6874, NMNS PMR 59 NMNS PMR 58 Paratype 1.63 1.22 from the type locality. Remarks: This species exhibits a wide range of Distribution: Known only from the type locality. variation in shell size: the largest specimen is 2.78 Diagnosis: A species of Clatrosansonia with a mm high (holotype), whereas the smallest one with shell that is slightly wider than high, a deep and a well-developed peristome measures about 3/5 of wide umbilicus, an angulate basal periphery, flush- the largest one. To the best of our knowledge, such sided penultimate and last whorls, a mesh-like shell size variation is uncommon among specimens sculpture on the upper whorl surface and about nine collected from the same site in the Pickworthiidae. regularly spaced spiral cords on the base. The largest specimen is more elongate than the Description (Fig. 1D–G): Shell very small, 1.13 smaller specimens, but we consider them to belong mm high and 1.19 mm wide, slightly depressed to the same species because the other shell characters trochiform, of five whorls. Spire low conical, are the same. comprising half of shell height. Pleural angle about Raines (2002) referred this species to Alvania 80°. Protoconch light orange in color, composed of (Taramellelia) corayi Ladd, 1966, thought to be a two whorls; protoconch I of one smooth whorl, and Recent form that was described from a drillhole protoconch II of 1.5 whorls sculptured with two on Eniwetok atoll in the Marshall Islands, but he major and some minor spiral cords and microscopic reallocated its generic position to Microliotia. Le granules not spirally arranged; sinusigeral notch Renard & Bouchet (2003) assigned A. (T.) corayi deep with reflected lip. First teleoconch whorl with to the genus Clatrosansonia Sabelli & Taviani in spiral cord at middle crossed by axial cords; spiral Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003. Although the generic cord quickly descending to abapical edge of whorl. position of A. (T.) corayi needs to be reviewed in Penultimate whorl and upper whorl surface of last any rigorous revision of the Pickworthiidae, it differs whorl almost flat, covered with mesh-like sculpture from our new species in having a slightly lower composed of three and five rather irregularly spaced spire, a more angulate basal periphery in the last spiral cords and thin prosocline axial ribs, granulate whorl, and a larger number of finer axial ribs. at their intersections, about 25 in number per whorl. To date, the genus Microliotia comprises 11 Last whorl angulate at periphery with serrated species (Le Renard & Bouchet, 2003; Kase & thick spiral cord crossed by axial ribs. Base more 102 VENUS 75 (1–4), 2017 convex than upper whorl surface, covered with nine Bandel, K. & Kowalke, T. 1997. Systematic value of spiral cords crossed by obscure axial ribs that are the larval shell of fossil and modern Vanikoridae, extensions of those on upper whorl surface near Pickworthiidae and the genus Fossarus aperture. Umbilicus broad and deep, surrounded by (Caenogastropoda, Mollusca). Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, Series E robust rim, sculptured internally with revolving and 25: 3–29. obscure cords. Aperture circular with well elevated Böttger, O. 1902. Zur Kenntnis der Fauna der rim, further surrounded by peristome with rough mittelmiocänen Schichten von Kostej im surface.
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