a THE

Publication of the Archaeological Society of British Columbia ISSN 0047-7222 Vol. 25, No. 1 February1993

WHALEBONE SPINDLE WHORL T.HEMIDDEN A.S.B.C. Published five times a year by the The Archaeological Society of British Columbia Archaeological Society of British Columbia. is dedicated to the protection of archaeological resources The next issue will appear in April1993. and the spread of archaeological knowledge.

EDITOR Meetings featuring illustrated lectures are held on the Joyce Johnson second Wednesday of each month (except July and August) at 8:00pm in the Vancouver Museum Auditorium. Visitors CONTRIBUTORS THIS ISSUE and new members are welcome! Grant Keddie, Andrew Mason, Michael Blake, Gary Coupland, and Brian Thorn PRESIDENT Reet Kana (263-8987) CREW Andrew Barton. Vicki Feddema, Margaret Holm MEMBERSHIP Marie Michaud (222-4655) PRODUCTION THIS ISSUE Alison Biely Annual Membership Fees Single $25.00; Family $30.00; Seniors & Students $18.00 SUBSCRIPTIONS Helmi Braches Membership includes subscription to The Midden and the A.S.B.C. newsletter, SocNotes. Subscription is included with membership in the Archaeological Society of British Columbia. Non-member Make cheque or postal money order payable to the A.S.B.C. Send to: rates are $14.50 per year ($17.00 U.S.A. and overseas) payable ASBC Membership in Canadian funds to the A.S.B.C. Send to: P.O. Box 520, Station A Vancouver, B.C. V6C 2N3 Midden Subscriptions, A.S.B.C. P.O. Box 520, Station A AFFILIATED CHAPTERS Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6C 2N3 Fraser Valley Submissions and exchange publications should be directed to: Meetings featuring illustrated lectures are held on the third Tuesday of each month, September to May, at 7:30pm at Joyce Johnson, Editor, The Midden, 2615 Montrose Avenue, Abbottsford, B.C. c/o UBC Archaeology, 6303 N.W. Marine Dr. Vancouver, B.C. V6T lZl. President: Shirley Cooke (859-5757) Publicity: Thelma Mcintyre (853-1495) We welcome contributions on subjects germane to B.C. archaeology: maximum length 1500 words, no footnotes, Nanalmo and only a brief bibliography (if required at all). ASBC Nanaimo Branch, c/o Dept. of Social Sciences, Malaspina Guidelines are available. University College, 900 Fifth St., Nanaimo, B.C. V9R 5S5

Copyright Acting President: Wendy Farmer-O'Neil Contents of The Midden are copyrighted by the A.S.B.C. It is unlawful to reproduce all or any part, by any means Meetings every second Monday of the month at whatsoever, without permission of the Society, which is Malaspina University College. usually gladly given.

Publication of The Middelf is fmancially assisted by the province of B.C. through the Heritage Trust. A.S.B.C. DIARY All meetings are held at 8:00pm in the auditori urn of the Vancouver Museum, unless indicated Olherwise. 1993 (joint meeting with A.I.A.) Mar.IO Sandy Sauer FRONT COVER: The O'Keefe Ranch Project Whalebone spindle whorl from Cadboro Bay near Victoria. "It Apr. 14 David Pokotylo is in the same layers [containing some of the earliest dog burials The Thunder River Quarry Site, Lower in the area] that we fmd the ftrst antler combs... spindle whorls Mackenzie Valley, NWT, summer 1990 and antler blanket pins. Might there be a correlation between the May 12 T.B.A. introduction of weaving industry and wool dogs?" (see article on June9 Roy Carlson p.3) Photo· courtesy RBCM. -more on the Pender Island project a THE

The Library is Open! The ASBC Library is back in busi­ each of our monthly lectures at the Vancou­ ness. After a considerable period of dor­ ver Museum. Persons wishing their own mancy the holdings are again active. The copy will be able to purchase one at cost. need to retrieve, unpack, sort, repair, shelve and catalogue the surprisingly numerous What are the library loan rules? holdings has taken considerable time and To access the collection you must be effort to bring about As the process was an ASBC member in good standing, or underway, even more material was being make special arrangements (usually for in­ added from various sources. At last count stitutions/researchers only) which will likely more than 840 items had been catalogued. include paying a modest security deposit The biggest changes are that the books, for loan privileges. You can pick up books papers, periodicals and visual material are from the librarian by prior arrangement, or · now on shelves in appropriate containers; they can be delivered to the monthly meet­ and the entire collection is entered into a ing at the Museum for pick-up there. The computerized catalogue system. Locating of normal loan period will be one month-in the material is easier as a result of the other words, from pick-up at one meeting to shelving. Search and retrieval of specific return at the next meeting. Defaulters will items of interest is extended through the be burned at the stake following summary computerized catalogue. hearing and conviction. The editor of The Our library contains an eclectic mix Midden may be prevailed upon to publish of items related to archaeology around the names of offenders. world. Understandably there is consider­ The ASBC library has an impressive able emphasis placed on British Columbia variety of material. In the future, short and the Northwest Coast, nevertheless, there articles will be regularly provided to The is much material from North America and Midden describing a particular item, or the Old World. The holdings should be of subject holdings of interest (e.g., rock art). TABLE OF CONTENTS interest to avocational and professional re­ The ASBC library has benefitted from searchers alike. I have already taken advan­ donationsofbooksandpapersinthepast.We tage of the body of works to meet a number encourage members with items of archaeo­ ASBC Library p. 1 of my needs. Perhaps this is the librarian's logical interest, and researchers producing reward? papers to continue to contribute copies of Debitage p. 2 The computer catalogue can be searched their work to the library in the future. Prehistoric Dogs p.3 using either the title, author, subject or index­ Watch "SocNotes" for future an­ number entries. Index numbers and subject nouncements about the ASBC library, and Book Review p. 6 headings are based on an arbitrarily organ­ the phone number of the librarian, who will ised index structured to fit the rather special­ answer any questions you might have. Please Dating Scowlitz p. 7 ized topic of the ASBC library. Combined phone only in the by evenings. entry searches are also possible. The listings New Publications p. 9 can then be printed out The programme is capable of the pro­ Terry Spurgeon Annual· Index p.lO duction of a complete listing which will be made up into a package including index Terry Spurgeon Is a Past-President of Permits p.12 structure information, and the rules for us­ the ASBC, and for the past few years has ing the library. This listing package will be been Involved In setting up Its library. Lectures p.12 provided to SFU, UBC and the Archaeol­ Terry works In the aviation Industry as a ogy Branch in Victoria. In addition, one pilot and aviation safety Inspector. Conferences p.13 cotJy will be on hand for reference use at .. DEBITAGE

Dr Michael Blake of UBC has left for together. At an applied research meeting of some ceramics from Jordan which are Mexico this month on the frrst part of a CANQUA 1993 at the RBCM in April, housed at Seaton Hall in Newark, N J .... three-year project supported by SSHRC to Andrew Mason and Dave Schneider will Dr Jack Nance will be stepping down as explore further his excavations at Paso de Ia present a paper on public interpretation at Chair of the Department of Archaeology at Amada in Chiapas. Vicki Feddema and Montague Harbour. Norm Easton will SFU after four years in the position. He Warren Hill, two grad students from UBC, speak on his underwater excavations at plans, with some relief, to return to teach­ have accompanied him. They all return in another session. Morley Eldridge of Mil­ ing and research in the department The April•••• Replacing Blake, Dr R.G. Matson lennia Research will be involved too. Dur­ department will appoint a new Head some­ will conduct another UBC archaeological ing the conference he will conduct tours of time in the spring•••• A couple of recent field school at the Scowlitz site this summer. archaeological features and prehistoric de­ graduates from Archaeology at SFU: In ••• As a result of the relationship established fensive sites in the area. ... This year the December, Catherine Purss defended her during the past two years between the field Department of Archaeology at SFU will be Master's thesis, "Continuity of Replace­ schools and band members, the Sto:lo Tribal sponsoring the B.C. Archaeology Forum ment The Origin of Modem Humans in Council has invited the anthropology de­ sometime in November of 1993. Mike Southeast Asia and Australia." Catherine is paronentatUBC to conduct an ethnographic Rousseau (Antiquus Archaeology Consult­ currently teaching in the Department of field school at Scowlitz to complement the ants) and Geordie Howe (Areas Consult­ Archaeology at SFU as a sessional instruc­ archaeology field school this summer. This ing Archaeologists) will work together to tor•••• And Yvonne's gone. In December field school will be supervised by Dr Julie organize the Forum•••• The second award Yvonne Marshall successfully defended Cruikshank and Dr Bruce Miller. The from the Moira Irvine Archaeological Re­ her PhD thesis, "A Political History of the 1993 field school at SFU will be held at search Fund for UBC undergraduate ar­ Nuu-chah-nulth People," in December. The Barkerville under the direction of Dr Phil chaeological research has been granted to thesis was partially based on a three-year Hohler. The project will concentrate on John Maxwell to enable him to plot Native site survey that Yvonne conducted in Nootka excavations in the Chinese section of habitation sites along the Fraser as far as the Sound from 1989-91 with financial support Barkerville, specifically excavation of the Matsqui area. The MIARF was set up by from the Moachaht/Muchalaht band, the refuse areas located under the Chee Kong Moira's colleagues as a memorial in 1990 B.C. Heritage Trust, and the department of Tong house which has been recently relo­ and is now ready to support small student archaeology at SFU [The Midden ;Feb/Mar cated. Associated with the field school will research projects•.•. Marjorie Smith has '92]. Yvonne has returned to New Zealand be a site survey that will attempt to locate all received the Ingrid Nystrom Undergradu­ (where it's summer at the moment) and is Chinese sites associated with the mining ate Research Award from the Department conducting another site survey, this time on period within a 100 kilometreradiusaround of Archaeology at SFU. The award is given Matakana Island off the North Island of Barkerville. The survey will be conducted annually to an undergraduate student in the New Zealand. She is also planning a three­ as part of her thesis research by Ying-Ying department to help cover travel expenses to year project to investigate the Sigatoka Chen, a PhD student in archaeology at pursue research. Marjorie will be doing a Sand Dune site in Fiji, and is in the process SFU•••• Archaeologists and geologists get chemical analysis of the pigments from of trying to raise funding for the project.

ARTIFACT IDENTIFICATION CLINIC

APRIL 27, 1993-7:00-8:30 PM

U.B.C. Museum of Anthropology 6939 N.W. Marine Drive Vancouver, B.C.

The fmal artifact identification clinic before the summer will be held in March. On the last Tuesday of the month professional staff from the Museum ofAnthropology at UBC gather to help identify objects brought in by the public, and to offer conservation advice. Take in the artifacts that you have any questions about. Tuesdays are free during the winter, but check with the admissions desk anyway to fmd out where the clinic is taking place. PREHISTORIC DOGS OF B.C.

WOLVES IN SHEEPS' CLOTHING?

by Grant Keddie Throughout the historyofNorthAmerica 9000 to 10,000 years ago. Others include Native Dogs orthe Gulr orGeorgia/Puget we see many varieties of native dogs. In complete skeletons of dogs, obviously in­ Sound Region British Colombia we find the Bear Dog of tentionally buried, in a hunting camp at the Of the two distinct types of native dogs the northern Interior and parts ofthe north­ Koster site in Illinois 8500 years ago. Meas­ found on parts of the southern coast of ern Coast used for hunting and packing; urements of dog components from the British Columbia and Washington state, and a coyote-resembling dog ofthe south­ Koster site fall between the norms of mod­ one is clearly described as resembling a ern Interior and Coast used mostly for em dogs and coyotes. coyote. The other is the Wool Dog which hunting. 0 n the southern Coast we also find One early variety of domestic dogs is resembles a cross between a small dog and what has become known as the Salish Wool the spitz breed. Large spitz dogs ranging a version of a northern spitz. A vrom Dog. kept mainlyfor the production ofwool across the Arctic include the Samoyed of Digance, a grad student at S.F.U., has dem­ from its thick soft inner coat. northern Europe and the Siberian Husky, onstrated that dog burials from Pender Is­ With the use oftheir hair to make blan­ and Alaskan Malamutes and Canadian Es­ land dating ·back about 2500-4300 years kets and capes high in trade value, these kimo Dogs to the east These northern work­ represent a single breed of dom~c dog dogs made an important contribution to the ing-dogs have contributed to the genetic similar in bone structure to both dogs and status of their owners. The origin of the make-up of, not only many modem breeds coyotes today. dogs is particularly interesting. Where did in Europe and Asia, but also now-extinct The first recorded observations ofWool they come from, and how long ago? dogs of British Columbia. One characteris­ Dogs on the southern coast appear in 1792.' tic genetic trait of spitz breeds is the tail Captain George Vancouver, while anchored In many parts of the world dogs have which curves over its back. This trait is near Restoration Point in Puget Sound, undoubtedly played a key role in the devel­ regularly noted in early historic descrip­ described the numerous dogs: opmentofhuman hunting strategy and tech­ tions oflhe Bear Dog and Salish Wool Dog ... much resembled those of Pomerania, nology over the last 12,000 years. Based on in British Columbia. though in general somewhat larger. ...were anatomical and genetic studies modem do­ mestic dogs stemmed from ancestors that also gave rise to wolves, coyotes, jackals and foxes. Dogs can interbreed with all but foxes and produce fertile offspring. The Asiatic wolf may be the best candi­ date as ancestor of the earliest domestic dogs; and other wolf sub-species (espe­ cially the northern grey wolf) must have been involved in genetic irterchange with domestic dogs in a long-term intermittent process. How do we tell the difference between a wolf and a dog? Early domestic dogs are characterized by an overall reduc­ tion in size relative to wolves. Skeletons of dogs indicate shortening of the snout, pro­ portionally wider palates of both the top and bottom of the mouth, the larger inner volume of the cranium of the skull, and some closely spaced or absent teeth. Remains that have been identified as domestic dogs occur in the Middle East Dogs seen in 1873 al the Village ofQuasela in Smiths Inlet closely resemble tkscriptions of Wool from Israel to Iran dating between 12,000 Dogs. They also strongly resemble the Pap ilion breed which was popular in Spain in the 18th century and 9000 years ago. In North America the and were probably traded to B.C. nalives by the Spaniards. The Pap ilion, possibly like theWool Dog, oldest domestic dog remains have been is a mixture ofa northern spitz and a southern variety ofdog . (Close-up ofR .B.C.M.' s PN 10,074 by found in Danger Cave, Utah dating from Richard Maynard) aspect from the common Wool Dog as a peculiar breed of small dog Indian cur, possessing with long brownish-black and pure white however the same vul­ hair. pine cast ofCO\Dltenance. A distinct species, Wool Dogs were John Keast Lord, the natu­ introduced from the Lower Fraser accord­ . ralist, suggested that these ing to tradition, and found nearly as far east Wool Dogs, "differing in as Lytton. They were favoured around . every specific detail from Spuzzum and were kept from interbreeding all the other breeds of dogs with the "real" Interior hunting dog. The f I belonging to either coast skaxaoe (viz "real" dog), resembled the or inland Indians," were Husky and also bore some similarity to kept on islands to prevent coyotes and wolves with which they occa­ theirescaping. Rerecorded sionally interbred. )hat the Chinook ofthe Co­ There was a distinction in most central lumbiaRiverwere the "frrst Coast Salish languages ofat least two types possessors of these white of dogs-the common hunting dog and the dogs ...as far as it is possi­ woolly dog. In some areas the Wool Dog ble to trace it." may also have been used for hunting, but Besides the dog such information was usually collected well ... used by the Skagit, after the extinction of the Wool Dog. The Klallam, and others of names most commonly used for the two the lower part of the types are variations on sko-mai and ki-mia So\Dld and Gulf of Geor­ for the woolly dog; and ska-ha or ka-ha [or gia, which is shorn for its skaxaoe] for the common dog. Burial in Esquimalt Harbour midden ofwhat is possibly a small Wool fleece ....pretty good size, Dog dating to about 1200 years ago. andgenerallywhite, with Uses of Dog Hair much longer and softer Out on Vancouver Island Diamond all shorn as close to the skin as sheep... and hair.. .but having the same sharp mu:u.le and Jenness recorded in the mid-1930s that so compact were their fleeces, that large curling tail...... Dog's wool was not mixed with cedar portions could be lifted up by a comer Historian George Gibbs referred to a sec­ bark or with goat's wool; it was used for without causing any separation. ...composed ond type of dog which resembled a coyote clothing--the women's underskirt, and... a of a mixture of a coarse kind of wool, with and was used for hunting. In 1833, among cape for a man. Not mixed with goat's wool very fme long hair, capable of being spun the Nusqually in Puget Sound William because this wool was not procurable until into yam. Tolmie had purchased a "large woolly dog" mainland Indians got guns and could shoot In the Gulf of Georgia other early ex­ which his party killed and ate, as well as a many goats. plorers, Galiano and Valdez concluded that "short-haired Indian wolfdog breed." Gibbs Yet Makah elders informed Erna Gunther blankets they received from inhabitants of provided the native names sko-mai and ska­ at about the same time that mountain goat the north end of Gabriola Island ha for the two types of dogs. Approxima­ wool was bought in Victoria through the ...were of dog's hair, partly because when tions of these names were also given to Klallam, but that fmished blankets were the Woven hair was compared with that of ethnographer James Teit by Cowlitz elders boughtmore often than the raw wool. James those animals there was no apparent differ­ who described the kaha as a "sort of grey Teit,after the turn of the century, explained ence, and partly from the great number of woolly or thick haired dog straight ears, tail that at Spuzzum dog hair used in blanket­ dogs they keep in those villages, most of curled slightly used for hunting," and the weaving was them being shorn. These animals are of kimia as "about same size various colors ...generally mixed with the wool of the moderate size. resembling those of English browns and spotted whites they had finer goat. People who did not have any of these breed, with very thiclc coats, and usually longer hair and were sheared". dogs used only goat's wool. The using of white... In Spuzzum the woolly dogs, altogether dog's hair it is said made the blankets of a In the 1840s, Alexander Anderson, pass­ different from the common dog of the softer texture and further more they sup­ ing the many palisaded villages on the Thompsons, were called by the special name plied a source ofwool right at hand, whereas lower Fraser River, also observed ofxlit selken. An elderly weaver told James the goats had to be hunted and their wool ...whole hosts of white quadrupeds, some Teit that the pure breed of Wool Dogs was thus cost considerable labor. shorn like sheep, others sweltering under a totally extinct around Spuzzum from be­ Historical documentation notes that crop of flowing fleece... .The dogs in ques­ fore she could remember, but that she had dog's "wool" was mixed with many differ­ tion are of a breed peculiar to the lower heard from the old people they were me­ ent materials for weaving. Along the coast parts of Fraser's River, and the southern dium-sized dogs with long, very fine, thick in Bellingham Bay in 1857 E.C. Fitzhugh portion ofVancouver 's Island and.the Gulf hair. Though mostly white, some were black refered to people dressing in blankets made of Georgia. White with long woolly hair and their hair was also used for making of dogs' hair and feathers. John K. Lord and bushy tail, they differ materially in blankets. Paul Kane had also described the noted that the long white hair of the dogs ------·------was annually shorn and then mixed with refer to the dying of the dog hair. Other James Anderson noted that Wool Dogs mountain goat wool, duck feathers or hemp. reports as well indicate colouring of the ... were regularly bred for the hair they At a Qualicum village on Vancouver Island wool. In 1825JohnScoulerobservedamong furnished and were quite numerous even as Aylmer mentioned winter garments con­ the Makah on the Olympic Peninsula that late as 1849. With the increasing facilities sisting of blankets woven from various the people for obtaining blankets & materials ofEuro­ things, among them bark and dog's hair. . .. offatooch show much ingenuity inmanu­ pean manufacture ... the necessity for keep­ TheQuinaultand Skokomish also mixed facturing blankets from the hair of their ing up the breed disappeared resulting in duck feathers and seed fluff to make blan­ dogs. On a little island a few miles from the the course of time in its to~ extinction. kets. Ethnobotanist Nancy Turner and coast they have a great number of white ethnohistorian Randy Bouchard have re­ dogs which they feed regularly every _day. Conclusions corded that the seed fluff of the Fireweed From the wool of their dogs and the ftbres Much evidence exists in the historic (Epilobium angustifolium) was mixed with of the Cypress [cedar] they make a very record for the breeding of large numbers of dog hair by the Saanich, and with both dog strong blanket They have also somemethod wool dogs and their role in the weaving and goat wool by the Squamish and most of making red and blue stripes in their industry. But what about the prehistoric Puget Sound groups. blankets in imitation of European ones. record? On southern Vancouver Island I In 1847 Paul Kane described the proce­ Near Agassiz on the Fraser River, early in have dated midden layers containing what dure among peoples on the south end of the 1800s Simon Fraser observed newly I think are small Wool Dogs to a period Vancouver Island where in winter the men shorn dogs from whose hair were made beginning after 1500 years ago. In the same wear a blanket "rugs with stripes ofdifferent colours, cross­ layers we fmd the flrst antler combs that ... made either of dog's hair alone, or dog's ing at right angles and resembling at a may have been used as weaving tools, and hair and goose down mixed, frayed cedar distance, Highland plaid." the frrst spindle whorl.s and antler blanket bark, or wild goose skin.. .dogs are bred for As late as 1862 the Makah were making pins. Is there a correlation between the clothing purposes. The hair is cut off with "blankets from dogs hair and cedar bark," introduction 'of the weaving industry and a knife and mixed with goosedown and a but by 1846 we begin to see the demise of Wool Dogs? ·little white earth, with a view to curing the the use of dogs' wool. At Port Townsend, This is just one of the questions that the feathers. This is then beaten together with Washington, Berthold Seemann observed: fascinating study of the archaeological re­ sticks, and twisted into threads by rubbing ...They keep dogs, the hair of which is mains of native dogs might help answer. it down the thigh with the palm of the manufactured into a kind of coverlet or Undoubtedly the work of several research­ hand ...after which it undergoes a second blanket, which in addition to the skins of ers who are currently studying dog remains twisting on a distaff to increase its firm­ bears, wolves, and deer, afford them abun­ in British Columbia will help direct us. ness. The cedar bark is frayed and twisted dance of clothing. Since the Hudson's Bay into thread in a similar manner. These Company have established thems­ Grant Keddie, Curator of Archaeology at threads are then woven into blankets by a elves... English blankets have been so much the R.B.C.M., Is Interested In the prehis­ very simple loom of their own contrivance. in request that the dog's hair manufacture tory of B.C. and cultures of the Pacific Bernard Stem, an ethnographer in the 1930's has been rather at a discount, eight or ten Rim. His main focus Is the archaeology among the Lummi, also recorded that the blankets being given for one sea-otter skin. of the VIctoria area. down of the swan and the eagle .. .is worked into the coarse dog wool while it is being spun serving as a fleece. The fmished blankets there are of three kinds: the common blanket generally used as a garment, called sweqetl, measuring about one fathom wide and one and one-quarter long, the second used for bedding, called xwlaqas, measuring about one fathom wide and two or three fathoms long, and the third, qetsefUUlg which is very long and made especially to be used as a medium of exchange or to serve as gifts during festi­ vals, at which time also the other two types are sometimes distributed. A pioneer in Washington in 1849, Samuel Hancock noted "a great many" dogs at Neah Bay, which the Klallam "regularly shear and weave the hair into blankets in a way peculiar to themselves, quite heavy; and very coarse." Part ofcarved bone blanket pin(VictoriasiteDcRM 75) thaJ may have lr.eldadoghair btimk.et inploce. Not only John Lord and Charles Bayley BOOK REVIEW

THE EMERGENCE OF HUNTER­ GATHERER SOCIAL INEQUALITY

A Complex Culture of After reading this large and compre­ sources among the Stl'atl'imx and explore hensive volume concerning the environ­ aspects of fishing technology, access, and the British Columbia ment, resources and traditional resource­ the use of identified fishing locations. The Plateau: Traditional use of the Stl'atl'imx people (the Fraser last of the "salmon chapters" is chapter 7 River Lillooet), one cannot help but be by Robert Tyhurst which closes the re­ Stl'atl'imx Resource Use impressed by the quality and scope of the maining gaps in the inventory of fishing research. A Complex Culture ofthe British sites, and examines resource exploitation Columbia Plateau was edited by Dr Brian and ownership in the Alpine and Montane BRIAN HAYDEN, editor Hayden of Simon Fraser University, with Parkland zones. chapters contributed by well-known schol­ Well-known ethnobotanist, Nancy University of British Columbia ars from tl:le B.C. anthropological commu­ Turner, autl:lored chapter 8 which examines Press: Vancouver. 584 pages, nity. the nature ofStl'atl'imx plant resources. In maps, photographs. $75.00 (hard­ Hayden's archaeological research into this chapter Turner looks at how plant re­ cover) the rise of socioeconomic inequality at the sources deemed to have high cultural sig­ Keatley Creek site provided the impetus for nificance were harvested, processed and this collection of research. Hayden recog­ used by tl:le Stl'atl'imx. nized the need for accurate baseline infor­ The last three chapters utilize the ex­ mation concerning Stl'atl'imx resources tensive body of data provided in the preced­ and resource-use prior to any attempt on his ing chapters to address theoretical ques­ part to explain tl:le development of socio­ tions. In chapter 9, Steven Romanoff exam­ economic inequality in the Keatley Creek ines the role specialized hunters have among area. Hayden also looked beyond his own the Lillooet. In chapter 10, Aubrey Cannon research interests and recognized how the uses the cultural ecological approach to publication of this information would ben­ discuss the characteristics of warfare and efit researchers interested in exploring slavery throughout the Interior region. other questions involving the relationship Hayden concludes with chapter 11 between ecology and culture among com­ and draws upon data presented throughout plex hunter-gatl:lerer societies. the volume, as well as otl:ler comparative In chapter 1 Hayden introduces the data, to formulate a model for the emer­ reader to the framework and goals of the gence of socioeconomic inequality, private volume, and discusses important concepts ownership of resources, and large residen­ such as the culture ecology approach. Diana tial corporate groups. Alexander authored the next two chapters The strengths of this well-edited vol­ which describe environmental zones in ume are obvious and the shortcomings are the study area, traditional resource-use, easily downplayed. I would strongly rec­ and seasonal population movements. ommend this book for anthropologists and Michael Kew's often-cited paper, archaeologists who work in British Colum­ "Salmon Availability, Technology, and Cul­ bia, as well as those who are interested in 1 tural Adaptation in the Fraser River W8ter ­ complex hunter-gatherer societies or the ) shed," in an updated form, provides the culture ecology approach. The general Andrew Mason basis of chapter 4. This chapter examines reader in B.C. anthropology or archaeology ASBC member Andrew Mason Is an MA the nature of salmon runs and the evolution should not be intimidated by this book. The candid late In the Department of Anthro­ of fishing technology in the Fraser River concepts are well explained and relatively pology and Sociology at UBC and a Cu­ drainage. straightforward. This is not a coffee-table ratorial Assistant (Archaeology) at the Chapter 5, by Steven Romanoff, and book nor one for bedtime reading, however UBC Museum of Anthropology. chapter 6, by Dorothy Kennedy and Randy it is worth adding to your library. Bouchard, examine the role of salmon re-

------~--r------UP-DATE ON SCOWLITZ

DATING THE SCOWLITZ SITE

by Michael Blake, Gary Coupland, and Brian Thom

One of the central aims of the 1992 that the individual in Mound 1 died and was Mound 23 Scowlitz Project[seeThe Midden, Oct 1992] buried sometime between AD 460 and AD The dating of Mound 23 is somewhat was to establish theageofthe burial mounds 640. Mound 1 's construction could be more difficult because the human skeleton and cairns at the site. This is extremely placed somewhere in the transition be­ buried in the cairn in the heart ofthe mound important because so few burial mounds tween the Skarnel Culture Type (500 BC­ did not preserve. We took several samples and cairn sites have been securely dated in AD 500) and the Canyon Culture Type of carbon associated with distinctive con­ the Northwest Coast Culture Area. Two or (AD 500-1800) of the Fraser Canyon, or struction features of the mound instead of three sites with burial mounds or cairns on between the Marpole Culture type (400 the burial. One of these samples, dating to Vancouver Island have been dated (K. BC-AD 400) and the Gulf of Georgia Cul­ 520±100 BP, was from a piece of charcoal Capes, 1964; G. Keddie, 1984, B. Smart, ture type (AD 400-1800) of the Coast resting on a yellowish sandy-clay floor that pers.comm, 1992), but as far as we know, We also obtained a date from material had been laid down just before the mound none from the B.C. mainland have ever that appeared to be some sort of cedar bark was built. .Since this floor was incorporated been dated. As a result, we could only matting or container surrounding the burial. into the burial pit and the cairn, it was likely speculate about the chronological place of such important burial mound sites as the one at Hatzic, excavated by Charles Hill­ Tout 100 years ago. We know little of their i importance in Coast Salish prehistory and ! i their relationship to the Vancouver Island I mortuary complex. i' The 1992 excavations at the Scowlitz i I Site (DhR116), at the mouth of the Harrison i i I River near Chilliwack, produced a number ~ of radiocarbon samples that have now been '! Heatth i l dated and may help to answer some of I ' these questions. Although analysis is still Bwial 1 i Sample 6 CRock Calm) i i i' 110 +/· 70 BP far from complete, we present the dates ' obtained so far from the 1992 fieldwork. At llock Wa~ present, we have several dates from three •lt.r-• distinctcontextsattheScowlitz Site: Mound •1 . .. I Gn:y Clay Floor ! 1, Mound 23, and water-logged artifacts ~~· I l from the beach. ,4/ l ! Samples 11, 12, 13 Mound 1. 1410 +/- 80 BP Schematic Proflle of Mound 1, South Wall Four dates have been obtained from 1370 +/- 60 BP 620 +/- 110 BP Om lm 2m Scowlit:z Site, DhRI 16 Mound 1, the largest mound at the site. Charcoal from a hearth that was found just f below the surface at the base of the mound dated to 110±70 BP and must represent an A sample ofthis material dated to620±110 part of the mortuary construction and con­ i Historic Period occupation at the site. The BP making it several centuries more re­ temporary with the burial itself. The sam­ other three samples are from the burial cent than the burial. Ifthe dating is correct, ple was covered by a rubble retaining wall located deep within the core of the mound. then this sample must have been from that outlined the square-shaped mound. The most important date is an accelerator rootlet matting that accumulated later in Though it could date the actual mound date of a fragment ofhuman bone. Its age is the cairn surrounding the skeleton. Dates construction, because ofits closeness to the 1370±60 BP. In addition, a piece of char­ from a small sample of leather and a sam­ edge of the mound from which it was taken, coal found next to the cranium dated to ple of abalone shell included in the burial this sample is likely an intrusion from a 141 0±80 years of age. These two dates, offering should eventually help to pin­ later time. ~en together, provide a strong indication point the date of burial. Two other dates obtained may be more sition from the Marpole phase of the Coast (or Skarnel phase for the Fraser Canyon region), and continued until about 500 years ago. Mound burial practices seem to have died out throughout the Fraser River region before the Historic Period since mound burials were never reported ethnographically, and a range ofother mor­ tuary techniques were commonly used. t Capes' work in the Com ox Valley seems to suggest the mortuary mound-build­ ing complex began earlier on Vancouver Island. If so, perhaps its origins could be associated with the social and political de­ velopments of the Marpole Phase. Ques­ tions concerning the antiquity, geographic extent, and range of variation in this mortu­ ary complex remain to be fully answered although work at Scowlitz has provided a SChematic Profile of footing from which to proceed. It is an Om 1111. Mound 23, NW Wall important part of the past of the Salish Scowlitz Site, DhRl 16 peoples; a part tb4t we must try to conserve and understand before any more of these relevant The burial pit in Mound 23 cut the wood from the handle radiocarbon dated sites are destroyed. through one layer of charcoal that appeared using the AMS method, produced a date of to be associated with an occupation surface 1180±70 BP (AD 770). This would make it Computer generated profiles by Brian that pre-dated the burial mound construc­ contemporary with the charcoal in the floors Thom. tion. This charcoal, clearly underlying the underlying Mound 23, and provides a nice yellow sand-clay layer, dated to 1190±70 chronological link between the main habi­ BP. A third sample, dated to 1130±80 BP, tation/burial site and the waterlogged de­ Dr Michael Blake Is a professor at U.B.C. was from a charcoal concentration that ap­ posits. and led Investigations at the 1992 field peared directly associated with the rocks of Another sample of waterlogged wood school at Scowlltz, along with Dr Gary the burial cairn and may date the actual found in direct association with a basket on Coupland from the UnlversltyofToronto. burial. Together, these last two dates give the beach several meters away from the Brian Thorn was part of the research an age-range from about AD 690 to AD 900 hafted stone knife, dated to 580±70 BP, or team gathering data for his MA at U.B.C. for the occupation that immediately pre­ approximately AD 13 70. This suggests that ceded the construction of the burial mound, the waterlogged deposits were accumulat­ and may actually date the burial as well. ing for several centuries and the associated A more deeply buried charcoal sample basket may be considerably younger in age was recovered from a layer well below the than the hafted stone knife. bottom of the burial pit in what may have Some preliminary assessment work been one of the earliest house or midden was carried out at the wet site in October deposits on that part of the site. It dated to 1992 under the direction of Kitty Bernick, 2200±160 BP, or approximately 250 BC. with more investigations tentatively planned Since this occupation predates the flrst for the near future. mound, we may have found an earlier occu­ pation that preceded the mortuary mound­ Conclusions building complex. The dating of the features and deposits at the Scowlitz Site is beginning to provide Water-logged deposits some fascinating insights into the time pe­ In March 1992, prior to the burial riod and extent of the burial mound/cairn mound excavations, we discovered some complex in B.C. It appears that there was an water-logged artifacts on the beach of the occupation of the site spanning at least the Harrison River (DhRl 16w) just upstream past 2200 years. However, the two burial from the burial mound complex. One of mounds that have been excavated so far fall these, a wooden-hafted slate knife, was within the past 1500 years. If the dating is extremely well-preserved (see cover ofThe correct, this means that the burial mound/ Midden, June 1992). A minute sample of cairn complex developed at about the tran------·r------

"--- Radiocarbon dates from the Scowlitz Site (DhRI 16).

Samples were dated by Beta Analytic, Inc. Samples with a CAMS number were sent by Beta to Cambridge University for accelerator dating (AMS). All dates are uncalibrated.

Sample DhRl carbon Provenience C-14 age Radiocarbon years Material and context number sample no. BP ±one sigma BC/AD

~ Beta-56198 6 Mound 1, K17, 110±70 AD 1840 charcoal from a hearth located at the base of the mound Beta-56199 11 Mound 1, Burial1 1410±80 AD540 charcoal sitting beside cranium ofBurial1 Beta-56200 12 Mound 1, Burial 1 1370±60 AD580 human bone sample from individual in Burial 1 CAMS-3830 Beta-56201 13 Mound 1, Burial1 620±110 AD 1330 bark or root fibres underlying Burial 1

Beta-56202 22 Mound 23, 019 520±100 AD 1430 charcoal sample under rubble wall and resting on top of yellow sand C-layer floor Beta-56204 24 Mound 23, Burial 1, 1130±80 AD820 charcoal below yellow sand C-layer floor and resting beside cairn level2 boulders Beta-56217 23 Mound 23,017 1190±70 AD760 charcoal below yellow sand C-layer floor Beta-57218 28 Mound 23, 017 2200±160 250BC charcoal from layer F, a floor below the burial

Beta-56206 38 Water-logged deposit, 1180±70 AD770 wooden knife handle (DhR116w:1). CAMS-3831 beach Beta-57219 40 Water-logged deposit, 580±70 AD 1370 cedar wood fragments in direct association with a large basket beach fragment (DhR116w:2)

NEW PUBLICATIONS

Archaeology: The Science of Once and Future Things by BRIAN HAYDEN W.H. Freeman and Co: New York., 1992. approx469 pp,J93 illus.

Described by Marvin Harris as, ''The best introductory archaeology book I have ever read."

Nemiah: The Unconquered Country by TERRY GLAVIN and the People of the Nemlah Valley New Star Books: Vancouver, 1992. 153 pp, 64 photos. $24.95 (paper). The history and culture ofthe Nemiah Chilcotin told against the backdrop of the Chilcotin War and ongoing struggle to maintain control of their valley.

Themes in Southwest Prehistory GEORGE GUMERMAN, editor School of American Research Press, 1993 370 pp, illus, maps. $2250 (paper) Twenty-five authors present current think:ing on environment, demography, nutrition, aggre­ gation, abandonment and other issues in Southwest prehistory. ANNUAL INDEX TO THE MIDDEN Journal of the Archaeological Society of British Columbia Volume 24, 1992 (published February, April, June, October, December)

Compiled by Kathryn Bernick (* indicated illustrated article)

AUTHOR

Acheson, Steven. Co11Structi011 UMarths R~MWM lnJeust ill Nuu-chah-nwlth The Gwau-HatUtas Archaeology Project. 24/4:9 0'92. Cwltura/ Origills. 24/1:1 F'92. Harlan Smith RevisitM. 24(3:1 J'92. Apland, Brian. B.C.'s H~riklg~ ugislation: Arc~ological Sit~ Protecti011. Ingrid's Bash. 24(3:1 1'92. 24(3:5-7 J'92. Anl111erfac~ ofEthlloKraphy and Archaeology Ofl Vancouver Island.• Brolly, Richard P. Lilt/~ B~ach Sit~. Ucl~/~t. B.C.: 1991 Archa~ological 24/1 :6-8 F 92. lnv~tigatiOIIS.• 24/1:2-4 F'92. Last-MiiiMle Gifts for the Arc~o/ogist: 1Mxpe11Sive, Creative, Educational. Capes, Catherine [Katherine]. utt~r to the Editor. 24/5:1 D'92. 24/5:12 D'92. . Chatan, Robbin. Book Review: A Basic F~ld and Lab Manual. 24/4:5 0'92. utter to the Editor. 24/2:1 A'92. Curtin, Joanne. Book Review: Lavishly Illustrated. 24/1 :9 F'92. utter to the Editor. 24/5:1 D'92. Easton, N. Alexander. The Waters ofMonJag~ Harbour: Mor~ FiNJjngs from Listen, The Trus Ar~ S~aldng. 24/4:9 0'92. Down UNkr.• 24(3:9-12 1'92. Lilt/~ B~ach Site, Ucl~let, B.C.: 1991 Archaeological Investigations.• Hudson, Douglas. Book Review: Nola Cone is~ Cwltural Chr011ology. 24/5:10 24/1 :2-4 F'92. D'92. M011te Cruk R~visiled. 24/2:2 A '92. Johnson, Joyce. Not~ from the Editor. 24/1:1 F'92. The Mystery Gou On. 24/1:8 F'92. --: Nou from the Editor. 24/4:1 0'92. No Shell Here. 24(3:1 J'92. Keddie, Grant Cwltural Cltattg~ in the Gwlfof Georgia: Asking the Right Note from the Editor. 24/1 :1 F'92. Q~stioiiS. • 24(3:3-4 J'92. Note from the Editor. 24/4:1 0'92. Mackie, Richard. utt~r to the Editor. 24/2: 1 A '92. On the Cruk. 24/4:9 0'92. Marshall, Yvonne. Sun~~yillg ill Noolka Sound: The Man in the Sun and Other On the Waterfro111. 24/4:9 0'92. Storw.• 24/2:7-10 A'92. The Park Farm Site: Obsidian without Volcanoes.• 24/5:9 D'92. Mason, Phyllis, oomp. A11111«1llttda to Tit~ Midihtt, Publication of the Passports to Archaeology. 24/1 :8 F'92. Arc~o/ogical Soc~ty ofBritish Columbia, Volume 23, 1991. Possible Barg~ Landillg Sites. 24/4:9-11 0 '92. 24/1:10-11 F'92. The Problem with W~t Sit~ . 24(3:2 1'92. McMillan, Alan D. Rtc~fiJ R~s~arch in Barlcley Sound: The Toquaht Archaeo­ RtcefiJ Ruearch in Barlcley Sound: The Toquaht Archaeological Project.• logical Proj~ct. • 24/2:3-5 A'92. 24/2:3-5 A '92. Morrison, Sandra. UBC Archaeology F~ld School: The Sacred Mounds of Residurtial SubdivisilNI-Then and Now. 24/4:9 0'92. Scowlitz. 24:4/2-4 0'92. Summer F~ldR~~arch with the A .SB.C. 24/2:1 A'92. Muckle, Bob. Book Review: Focus on Shell Midthn Site Formation Processes. Sun~eyillg ill Noolka Sound: The Man in the Sun and Other Stories.• 24/5:11 D'92. 24/2:7-10A'92. Myles, Heather. UBC Archaeology F~ld School: The Sacred Mounds of The Toquaht RevisilM. 24/4:11 0'92. Scowlitz.• 24/4:2-4 0'92. UBC Arc~ology F~ld School: The Sacred Mounds ofScowlitz.• Spurgeon, Terry. The Parle Farm Sit~ : Obsidian without Volcanoes. 24/5:9 D'92. 24/4:2-4 0'92. St. Claire, Denis E. Anl111erface ofEthnography and Archaeology on Vancouver The Waters ofMo111ag~ Harbour: More Findings from Down Under.• Island. • 24/1:6-8 F'92. 24/9-12 J'92. Stevenson, Ann. Book Review: Only ill Britain You Say? 24/2:11 A'92. Whale11 Farm Revisited: 40 Years Later. • 24/5:3~ 0'92. Sumpter, Ian. Gitaus R~visiud: River Erosion along the Skeena.• 24/4:6-8 0'92. Thorn, Brian. Summer F~ld R~~arch with the A.SB.C. 24/2:1 A'92. --. Wha/~n Farm Revisited: 40 Y~ars Later.• 24/5:3~ D'92. SUBJECT Wooten, Kimberly. From the Scowlitz Site: A Basket Case.• 24/4:10-11 0'92. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIE;IY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ASBC 1992193 wcutive. 24/4:13 0'92. TITLE Thorn, Brian. Summer F~ldR~earch with the A.SB.C. 24/2:1 A'92. Another Hatzic? 24/2:2 A'92. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIE;IY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VICfORIA Annual Index to Tlte Milllk11, Publication ofthe Archaeological Soc~ty of CHAPTER British Columbia, Volumd3, 1991. 24/1:10-11 F'92. More Fun than a Thesis? 24(3:1 1'92. Archaeological Impact Ass~ssmefiJ Co11Swltants. 24(3:13 1'92. A.S.B.C. Charur Member. 24/5:1 D'92. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS B.C.'s Heritage Legislation: Archaeological Site Protection. 24(3:5-7 1'92. Marshall, Yvorme. Sun~eyillg in Nootka Sound: The Man ill the Canoe Rests. 24/5:2 D'92. Sun and Other Stori~ . • 24/2:7-10 A'92. ConstructiOfl Unearths Ren~WM lnJerest in Nuu-chah-nwlth Cwltural Origills. McMillan, Alan D. Rece111 Research in Barlcley Sound: The 24/1: 1 F'92. Toquaht Arc~ological Project.• 24/2:3-5 A'92. Cwltura/ Change in the Gwlfof Georgia: Asldng the Right QuestioiiS.• 24(3:3-4 1'92. ARCHAEOLOGISTS- CONSULTANTS Debitage. 24/' ·9 F'92. Arc~o/ogical Impact AssessmefiJ Conswltants. 24(3:13 1'92. Debitage. 24/2:6 A '92. Debitage. 24(3:8 1'92. BOOK (Etc) NOTICES Debitage. 24/4:8 0'92. Articles to LoolcFor. 24(3:2 J'92. Debitage. 24/5:8 0'92. New. 24/5:2 D'92. Don't Forget. 24/5:1 D'92. New Publicatiotu. 24/1:5 F'92. Excavation Opportunities Beckon. 24/1:13 F'92. New Publicatiotu. 24/2:12 A'92. For Aspiring Archaeologists. 24(3:2 1'92. New Publicatiotu. 24(3:7 J'92. From the Scowlitz Sit~: A Basket Case.• 24/4:10-11 0'92. New Publicatiotu. 24/4:11 0'92. Gitaus Revisited: River Erosi011 along the Skeena.• 24/4:6-8 0'92. New Publicatiotu. 24/5:7-8 D'92.

------BURIALS SL Claire, Denis E. All Interface ofEthnography and Archaeology Brolly, Richard P. Liltle Beach Site, Uclwdet, B.C.: 1991 on Va~~eowver Island.• 24/1 :6-8 F'92. Archaeological Investigations.• 24/1 :2-4 F'92. The Toqwaht Revisiled. 24/4:11 0'92. The Mystery Goes On. 24/1:8 F'92. NYSTROM, INGRID CONFERENCFS Ingrid's Bash. 24!3:1 J'92. Canadian Archaeologists to Meet. 24/2:2 A '92. Chacmool. 24/4:13 0'92. OBITUARIFS .. Conferences. 24!2:13 A'92. A.S.B.C. Charter Member [Aileen Winskill]. 24/5:1 0'92. Dates to RemLmbtr. 24/5:13 0 '92. NWAC [Northwest Anthropological Conference]. 24/5:2 0'92. PALAEOENVIRONMENT SHA [Society for Historic Archaeology]. 24/5:2 0'92. Listen, The Trees Are Spealcillg . 24/4:9 0 '92. SPNHC [Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections]. 24/ 5:2 0'92. PARK FARM SITE Spurgeon, Terry. The Parle Farm Silt: Obsidian wilhowt Volca COWICHAN INDIAN RESERVE IIOtS. • 24/5:9 0'92. No Shell Here. 24!3:1 J'92. On the Creek. 24/4:9 0 '92. QUEEN CHARLO'ITE ISLANDS The Gwaii·HQQIIQS Archaeology Project. 24/4:9 0'92. CULTURE CHANGE Keddie, GranL Cwltural Change in the Gwlf ofGeorgia : Aslcing the PROJECTS Right Questions.• 24/3:3-4 J'92. Exca110ti01l Opportwnilies Bee/con. 24/1:13 F'92. PermiJs Issued l7y the BC Archaeology Branch, October throwgh ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY December 1991. 24/1:12 F'92. SL Claire, Denis E. An Interface ofE thnography and Archaeology PermiJs Issued l7y the BC Archaeology Branch, l011wary-Febrwary on Vancowver Island.• 24/1 :6-8 F'92. 1992. 24/2:12 A'92. . PermiJs lsswed l7y the BC Archaeology Bra~~ela, March-April 1992. EXHIBITIONS 24/3:4 J'92. . Dates to RemLmber. 24/5:13 0'92. PermiJs lsswed l7y the BC Archaeology Branch, May to Awgwst Exhibilions. 24/4:13 0'92. 1992.24/4:12 0'92. UBC Mwsewm ofAnthropology . 24/1:5 F'92. PermiJs /sswed l7y the BC Archaeology Branch, September UBC Mwsewmof Anthropology. 24/2:13 A'92. October, 1992. 24/5:12 0'92. Residelllial Swbdivision--Then aNI Now. 24/4:9 0'92. GITAUS SITE Sumpter, Ian. Gilaws Revisited: River Erosion along the Skeena.• PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY 24/4:6-8 0'92. Archaeology Adventure Day. 24/2:6 A '92. ArtifactldentificatiOfl Clinics. 24/4:4 0 '92. HERITAGE LEGISLATION For Aspiring Archaeologists. 24!3:2 1'92. Apland, Brian. B.C.'s Heritage Legislation: Archaeological Site Passports to Archaeology. 24/1:8 F'92. Protection. 24!3:5-7 1'92. REVIEWS LECTURFS lves, John. A Theory ofNorthern Athapaslcan Prehistory. Re Dates to Remember. 24/5:13 0'92. viewed by Douglu Hudson. 24/5:10 0 '92. RBCM Newcombe Program. 24/4:13 0 '92. Pearce, Susm. Archaeological Cwalorship. Reviewed by Ann UBC Mwsewm ofAnthropology : Hatzic Roc/c. 24!2:13 A'92. Stevenson. 24/2:11 A '92. Stein, Julie K. Deciphering a Shell Midden. Reviewed by Bob THE MIDDEN Muckle. 24/5:11 0'92. Don't Forget. 24/5:1 0'92. Wheeler, Alwyne and Andrew K.G. Jones. Fishes. Reviewed by Mackie, Richard. Letter to the Editor. 24/2:1 A'92. Robbin Chatan. 24/4:5 0'92. Johnson, Joyce. Note from the Edilor. 24/1:1 F'92. White, Tim. H- Osteology. Reviewed by Joanne Cunin. 24 --.Note from the Edilor. 24/4: I 0 '92. 1:9 F'92.

MONTAGUE HARBOUR SITE SCOWLITZ SITE Easton, N. Alexander. The Waters ofMontague Harbowr: More Morrison, Sandra md Heather Myles. UBC Archaeology F~ld · Findings from Down Under. • 24!3:9-12 1'92. School: The Sacred Mowsds ofScowlilz.• 24/4:2-4 0'92. WOOlen, Kimberly. From the Scowlilz Silt: A Basket Case.• 24 MONTE CREEK SITE 4:10.11 0'92. M011te CreelcRevisiled. 24/2:2 A'92. STONE BOWLS MOUNDS Allother Halzic? 24/2:2 A '92. Capes, Catherine [Katherine]. Letter to the Editor. 24/5:1 0'92. Morrison, Sandra 111d Heather Myles. UBC Archaeology F~ld UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY School: The Sacred Mowsds ofScowlilz.• 24/4:2-4 0'92. Ca110t Ruu. 24/S:2 0'92. Easton, N. Alexander. The Waters ofMontagwe Harbow: More NORTH SAANICH SITES Findillgs from Do- Under. • 24!3:9-12 J'92. Harlan Smith Revisiled. 24!3: 1 J'92. On the Waterfront. 24/4:9 0'92. WHALEN FARM SITE Bri111, Thorn. Wltaltll Farm Revisiled: 40 Years Laler.• 24/5:3-6 NUU-CHAH-NULTH ARCHAEOLOGY 0'92. Acheson, Steven. CofUirucliOfl Unearths Renewed Interest ill Nww chah-11wltla Cwltwal Origins. 24/1 :1 F'92. WET SITES Brolly, Richard P. Lillie Beach Silt, Ucluelet, B.C.: 1991 Archaeo The Problem willa Wet Silts. 24!3:2 J'92. logical l11vestigatiOfU.• 24/1 :2-4 F'92. Wooten, Kimberly. From the Scowlilz Silt: A Basket Case.• Marshall, Yvome. Surveying ill NOOllca Sownd: The Man ill the 24:4:10-11 0'92 Swn and Other Stories. • 24!2:7 -10 A '92. McMillan, Alan D. Recent Research in Barlcley Sownd: The Toqwaht Archaeological Project.• 24!2:3-5 A'92. Possibk Barge IANlillg Sites. 24/4:9,11 0'92.

------r------LECTURES

February 15 Professor Naomi Norman, University of Georgia 8:00pm AlA meeting, UBC Museum of Anthropology Lecture Theatre CURSES AND CA VEAE: ENTERTAINMENT IN ROMAN CARTHAGE February26 Birgitta Linderoth WaUace, Archaeologist, Canadian Parks Service 8:00pm RBCM, Newcombe Theatre, 675 Belleville St., Victaia (ticket infonnation 387-5822) L'ANSE AUX MEADOWS: GATEWAY TO VINLAND March 10 Professor Susan Caine, Oberlin College 8:00pm AlA meeting, UBC Museum of Anthropology Lecture Theatre THE SANCTUARY OF DEMETER AND KOREJPERSEPHONE AT CYRENE, LffiYA

March29 Professor Stephen Miller, University of California at Berkeley 8:00pm AlA/Pharos meeting, Helenic Centre,4500 Arbutus Street, Vancouver Apri116 Professor John Luce 8:00pm RBCM's Super Series (ticket infonnation 386-6121) University Centre Auditorium, University of Victoria (about THE TROJAN WAR and THE SITE OF LEGENDARY TROY)

PERMITS

Issued by the B.C. Archaeological Branch, November-December 1992 and January 1993

1992-124 Ian Wilson: impact assessment, Pacific Northern Gas pipeline loop, Zymoetz River, northeast of Terrace. 1992-125 Ian Wilson: impact assessment, proposed logging cut blocks and haul roads, Princess Royal Island. 1992-126 Ian Wilson: impact assessment, sewer pump stations, Ten Mile Point, Municipality of Saanich. 1992-127 Ian Wilson: impact assessment, two segments of the Nanaimo Highway bypass route. 1992-128 Leonard Ham: monitoring, construction near DhRt 22, Vancouver International Airport 1992-129 Bjorn Simonsen: impact assessment, proposed upgrade of the Birkenhead River Crossing (EcRq 1). 1992-130 Geordie Howe: impact assessment, property near Kawkawa Lake, east of Hope. 1992-131 Alison Landals: impact assessment, Starcom Fibre Optics route from Vancouver to the U.S.A. border. 1992-132 Geordie Howe: impact assessment, proposed subdivision near Hatzic Lake. 1992-133 Bjorn Simonsen: inventory, Degnen Bay, Gabriola Island. 1993-1 Lindsay Oliver: recovery of human skeletal material and associated artifacts. 1993-2 Amoud Stryd: impact assessment, West Kootenay Power South Okanagan substation, Vaseux Lake. 1993-3 Ian Wilson: impact assessment, North Saltspring Island. 1993-4 Jean Bussey: impact assessment, Canadian Hunter Exploration Ltd. gas and oil developments, northern B.C. 1993-5 Richard Brolly: monitoring, construction of retaining wall, Jellicoe Park, Vancouver.

------~------CONFERENCES

1993 March 26-28 N.W.A.C. 46th Northwest Anthropological Conference WES1ERN W ASlllNGTON UNIVERSITY, Bellingham, WA. Contact: NWAS Program Coordinator, Dept. Of Anthropology MS-9083, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA

April 1-8 S.A.A. Society of American Archaeologists, 58th Annual Meeting. ST. LOUIS, Missouri. Program Chair: Jay Custer, Dept of Anthropology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716

May 5-9 C.A.A. Canadian Archaeological Association, 26th Annual Meeting. Holiday Inn-Crown Plaza, Metro Centre, MONTREAL, Quebec. Coordinator: Francoise Duguay, Association des archeologues du Quebec, 4061 rue Saint­ Hubert, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4A7

June 7-12 S.P.N.H.C. Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, 7th Annual Meeting. Royal British Columbia Museum, VICTORIA. Contact: Grant Hughes, Local Conference Committee, RBCM, Parliament Buildings, Victoria, B.C. V8V 1X4. Tel (604) 378-5706.

November 11-14 CHACMOOL. "Cultural Complexity in Archaeology" University of CALGARY, Alberta Abstract Deadlines: sessions, Feb 1/93; papers, May 1/93 Contact: Chacmool, The 1993 Conference Committee, Dept of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alta TIN 1N4. Tel (403) 282-9567

November (TBA) B.C. ARCHAEOLOGY FORUM Department of Archaeology, SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY, Burnaby, B.C. Organizers: Geordie Howe, Mike Rousseau 1994 January 5-9 S.H.A. The Society for Historic Archaeology, Annual meeting. Hotel Vancouver, VANCOUVER. ACUA Program Chair: Charles Moore, Tel. (604) 275-5427 SHA Program Chair: David Burley, Dept of Archaeology, S.F.U. Burnaby, B.C., V5A 1S6. Tel. (604) 291-4196

April18-24 S.A.A. Society for American Archaeologists, 59th Annual Meeting. DISNEYLAND Hotel, Anheim, California.

NWAC STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION

The 1993 Northwest Anthropology Conference has announced a Student Paper Competition. Both undergrad and graduate students are eligible. Entries should be typed, double-spaced, and 15 to 25 pages in length. Submissions should conform to American Anthropology style. Deadline for receipt of submissions is March 19, 1993. Send to:

Student Paper Competition - NWAC Department of Anthropology, MS-9083 Western Washington University Bellingham, W A 98225

------r------T~MIDDEN P.O. Box 520 Station A Vancouver, B.C. V6C 2N3