Comparing Cpu Performance Between and Within Processor Families
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Ultrasparc Iii
UltraSparc IIi Kevin Normoyle and the Sabre cats One size doesn’t fit all SPARC chip technology available in three broad product categories: • S-Series (servers, highest performance) • I-Series (price/performance, ease-of-use) • E-Series (lowest cost) Tired: Marginal micro-optimizations Wired: Interfaces and integration. 2 of 26 Desktop/High end embedded system issues • Ease of design-in • Low-cost • Simple motherboard designs • Power • Higher performance graphics interfaces • Low latency to memory and I/O • Upgrades • The J word 3 of 26 UltraSPARC-IIi System Example Module 72-bit DIMM 72-bit DIMM SRAM SRAM UltraSPARC IIi SRAM 75MHz/72-bit XCVRs clocks 100MHz/64-bit 66 or 33 MHz UPA64S 32-bit device 3.3v example: Creator3D graphics APB Advanced PCI Bridge (optional) 33MHz/32-bit 33MHz/32-bit Can use PC-style SUPERIO chips 5v/3.3v 5v/3.3v (boot addressing / INT_ACK features) 4 of 26 Highlights • TI Epic4 GS2, 5-layer CMOS, 2.6v core, 3.3v I/O. • Sun’s Visual Instruction Set - VIS(TM) - 2-D, 3-D graphics, image processing, real-time compression/decompression, video effects - block loads and stores (64-byte blocks) sustain 300 MByte/s to/from main memory, with arbitrary src/dest alignment • Four-way superscalar instruction issue - 6 pipes: 2 integer, 2 fp/graphics, 1 load/store, 1 branch • High bandwidth / Low latency interfaces - Synchronous, external L2 cache, 0.25MB - 2MB - 8-byte (+parity) data bus to L2 cache (1.2 GByte/s sustained) - 8-byte (+ECC) data bus to DRAM XCVRs (400 MByte/s sustained) or UPA64S (800 Mbyte/s sustained) - 4-byte PCI/66 interface. -
Wind River Vxworks Platforms 3.8
Wind River VxWorks Platforms 3.8 The market for secure, intelligent, Table of Contents Build System ................................ 24 connected devices is constantly expand- Command-Line Project Platforms Available in ing. Embedded devices are becoming and Build System .......................... 24 VxWorks Edition .................................2 more complex to meet market demands. Workbench Debugger .................. 24 New in VxWorks Platforms 3.8 ............2 Internet connectivity allows new levels of VxWorks Simulator ....................... 24 remote management but also calls for VxWorks Platforms Features ...............3 Workbench VxWorks Source increased levels of security. VxWorks Real-Time Operating Build Configuration ...................... 25 System ...........................................3 More powerful processors are being VxWorks 6.x Kernel Compatibility .............................3 considered to drive intelligence and Configurator ................................. 25 higher functionality into devices. Because State-of-the-Art Memory Host Shell ..................................... 25 Protection ..................................3 real-time and performance requirements Kernel Shell .................................. 25 are nonnegotiable, manufacturers are VxBus Framework ......................4 Run-Time Analysis Tools ............... 26 cautious about incorporating new Core Dump File Generation technologies into proven systems. To and Analysis ...............................4 System Viewer ........................ -
Mipspro C++ Programmer's Guide
MIPSproTM C++ Programmer’s Guide 007–0704–150 CONTRIBUTORS Rewritten in 2002 by Jean Wilson with engineering support from John Wilkinson and editing support from Susan Wilkening. COPYRIGHT Copyright © 1995, 1999, 2002 - 2003 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved; provided portions may be copyright in third parties, as indicated elsewhere herein. No permission is granted to copy, distribute, or create derivative works from the contents of this electronic documentation in any manner, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. LIMITED RIGHTS LEGEND The electronic (software) version of this document was developed at private expense; if acquired under an agreement with the USA government or any contractor thereto, it is acquired as "commercial computer software" subject to the provisions of its applicable license agreement, as specified in (a) 48 CFR 12.212 of the FAR; or, if acquired for Department of Defense units, (b) 48 CFR 227-7202 of the DoD FAR Supplement; or sections succeeding thereto. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Pkwy 2E, Mountain View, CA 94043-1351. TRADEMARKS AND ATTRIBUTIONS Silicon Graphics, SGI, the SGI logo, IRIX, O2, Octane, and Origin are registered trademarks and OpenMP and ProDev are trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries worldwide. MIPS, MIPS I, MIPS II, MIPS III, MIPS IV, R2000, R3000, R4000, R4400, R4600, R5000, and R8000 are registered or unregistered trademarks and MIPSpro, R10000, R12000, R1400 are trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc., used under license by Silicon Graphics, Inc. Portions of this publication may have been derived from the OpenMP Language Application Program Interface Specification. -
Sun Fire E2900 Server
Sun FireTM E2900 Server Just the Facts February 2005 SunWin token 401325 Sun Confidential – Internal Use Only Just The Facts Sun Fire E2900 Server Copyrights ©2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Fire, Netra, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Sun WebServer, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, SEAM, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Solstice Backup, Sun StorEdge, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe, ShowMe How, SunVTS, Solstice Enterprise Agents, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Java, ShowMe TV, Solstice TMNscript, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript Toolkit, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunScreen EFS, PGX, PGX32, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. All other product or service names mentioned -
Vxworks Architecture Supplement, 6.2
VxWorks Architecture Supplement VxWorks® ARCHITECTURE SUPPLEMENT 6.2 Copyright © 2005 Wind River Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of Wind River Systems, Inc. Wind River, the Wind River logo, Tornado, and VxWorks are registered trademarks of Wind River Systems, Inc. Any third-party trademarks referenced are the property of their respective owners. For further information regarding Wind River trademarks, please see: http://www.windriver.com/company/terms/trademark.html This product may include software licensed to Wind River by third parties. Relevant notices (if any) are provided in your product installation at the following location: installDir/product_name/3rd_party_licensor_notice.pdf. Wind River may refer to third-party documentation by listing publications or providing links to third-party Web sites for informational purposes. Wind River accepts no responsibility for the information provided in such third-party documentation. Corporate Headquarters Wind River Systems, Inc. 500 Wind River Way Alameda, CA 94501-1153 U.S.A. toll free (U.S.): (800) 545-WIND telephone: (510) 748-4100 facsimile: (510) 749-2010 For additional contact information, please visit the Wind River URL: http://www.windriver.com For information on how to contact Customer Support, please visit the following URL: http://www.windriver.com/support VxWorks Architecture Supplement, 6.2 11 Oct 05 Part #: DOC-15660-ND-00 Contents 1 Introduction -
Sun Ultratm 5 Workstation Just the Facts
Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Just the Facts Copyrights 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Ultra, PGX, PGX24, Solaris, Sun Enterprise, SunClient, UltraComputing, Catalyst, SunPCi, OpenWindows, PGX32, VIS, Java, JDK, XGL, XIL, Java 3D, SunVTS, ShowMe, ShowMe TV, SunForum, Java WorkShop, Java Studio, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, Sun Enterprise SyMON, Solstice, Solstice AutoClient, ShowMe How, SunCD, SunCD 2Plus, Sun StorEdge, SunButtons, SunDials, SunMicrophone, SunFDDI, SunLink, SunHSI, SunATM, SLC, ELC, IPC, IPX, SunSpectrum, JavaStation, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. Display PostScript and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated, which may be registered in certain jurisdictions. Netscape is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other countries. Just the Facts May 1999 Positioning The Sun UltraTM 5 Workstation Figure 1. The Ultra 5 workstation The Sun UltraTM 5 workstation is an entry-level workstation based upon the 333- and 360-MHz UltraSPARCTM-IIi processors. The Ultra 5 is Sun’s lowest-priced workstation, designed to meet the needs of price-sensitive and volume-purchase customers in the personal workstation market without sacrificing performance. -
Microprocessors History of Computing Nouf Assaid
MICROPROCESSORS HISTORY OF COMPUTING NOUF ASSAID 1 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Brief History 2 Microprocessors 7 Instruction Set Architectures 8 Von Neumann Machine 9 Microprocessor Design 12 Superscalar 13 RISC 16 CISC 20 VLIW 23 Multiprocessor 24 Future Trends in Microprocessor Design 25 2 Introduction If we take a look around us, we would be sure to find a device that uses a microprocessor in some form or the other. Microprocessors have become a part of our daily lives and it would be difficult to imagine life without them today. From digital wrist watches, to pocket calculators, from microwaves, to cars, toys, security systems, navigation, to credit cards, microprocessors are ubiquitous. All this has been made possible by remarkable developments in semiconductor technology enabling in the last 30 years, enabling the implementation of ideas that were previously beyond the average computer architect’s grasp. In this paper, we discuss the various microprocessor technologies, starting with a brief history of computing. This is followed by an in-depth look at processor architecture, design philosophies, current design trends, RISC processors and CISC processors. Finally we discuss trends and directions in microprocessor design. Brief Historical Overview Mechanical Computers A French engineer by the name of Blaise Pascal built the first working mechanical computer. This device was made completely from gears and was operated using hand cranks. This machine was capable of simple addition and subtraction, but a few years later, a German mathematician by the name of Leibniz made a similar machine that could multiply and divide as well. After about 150 years, a mathematician at Cambridge, Charles Babbage made his Difference Engine. -
MIPS IV Instruction Set
MIPS IV Instruction Set Revision 3.2 September, 1995 Charles Price MIPS Technologies, Inc. All Right Reserved RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure of the technical data contained in this document by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and / or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contractor / manufacturer is MIPS Technologies, Inc., 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94039-7311. R2000, R3000, R6000, R4000, R4400, R4200, R8000, R4300 and R10000 are trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. MIPS and R3000 are registered trademarks of MIPS Technologies, Inc. The information in this document is preliminary and subject to change without notice. MIPS Technologies, Inc. (MTI) reserves the right to change any portion of the product described herein to improve function or design. MTI does not assume liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein. Information on MIPS products is available electronically: (a) Through the World Wide Web. Point your WWW client to: http://www.mips.com (b) Through ftp from the internet site “sgigate.sgi.com”. Login as “ftp” or “anonymous” and then cd to the directory “pub/doc”. (c) Through an automated FAX service: Inside the USA toll free: (800) 446-6477 (800-IGO-MIPS) Outside the USA: (415) 688-4321 (call from a FAX machine) MIPS Technologies, Inc. -
The Interactive Performance of SLIM: a Stateless, Thin-Client Architecture ✽ ✽ ✝ Brian K
17th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP’99) Published as Operating Systems Review, 34(5):32–47, December 1999 The interactive performance of SLIM: a stateless, thin-client architecture ✽ ✽ ✝ Brian K. Schmidt , Monica S. Lam , J. Duane Northcutt ✽ Computer Science Department, Stanford University {bks, lam}@cs.stanford.edu ✝ Sun Microsystems Laboratories [email protected] Abstract 1 Introduction Taking the concept of thin clients to the limit, this paper Since the mid 1980’s, the computing environments of proposes that desktop machines should just be simple, many institutions have moved from large mainframe, stateless I/O devices (display, keyboard, mouse, etc.) that time-sharing systems to distributed networks of desktop access a shared pool of computational resources over a machines. This trend was motivated by the need to provide dedicated interconnection fabric — much in the same way everyone with a bit-mapped display, and it was made as a building’s telephone services are accessed by a possible by the widespread availability of collection of handset devices. The stateless desktop design high-performance workstations. However, the desktop provides a useful mobility model in which users can computing model is not without its problems, many of transparently resume their work on any desktop console. which were raised by the original UNIX designers[14]: This paper examines the fundamental premise in this “Because each workstation has private data, each system design that modern, off-the-shelf interconnection must be administered separately; maintenance is technology can support the quality-of-service required by difficult to centralize. The machines are replaced today’s graphical and multimedia applications. -
Just the Facts Sunwin Token #333632
Sun FireTM V480 Server Just the Facts SunWIN token #333632 September 2002 Version 2.7 Notice: This document continues to be restricted to internal usage only because of references to internal web pages. With the removal of these references, selected sections of the document may be provided to customers and/or selling channels as required. Competitive information and relative positioning should always remain as internal documentation only. Copyrights ©2000, 2001 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Fire, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Sun WebServer, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, Sun Enterprise Authentication Mechanism, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Sun StorEdge, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe, ShowMe How, SunVTS, Solstice Enterprise Agents, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Java, ShowMe TV, Solstice TMNscript, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript Toolkit, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunScreen EFS, PGX, PGX32, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Microsoft, Netware, Macintosh, Lotus, Oracle, Sybase, Intel, Veritas, Windows, Linux, HP-UX and AIX are the respective trademarks of their owners. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. -
Sun Ultratm 2 Workstation Just the Facts
Sun UltraTM 2 Workstation Just the Facts Copyrights 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun Logo, Ultra, SunFastEthernet, Sun Enterprise, TurboGX, TurboGXplus, Solaris, VIS, SunATM, SunCD, XIL, XGL, Java, Java 3D, JDK, S24, OpenWindows, Sun StorEdge, SunISDN, SunSwift, SunTRI/S, SunHSI/S, SunFastEthernet, SunFDDI, SunPC, NFS, SunVideo, SunButtons SunDials, UltraServer, IPX, IPC, SLC, ELC, Sun-3, Sun386i, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Display PostScript and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems, Incorporated. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other countries. Just the Facts May 1999 Sun Ultra 2 Workstation Figure 1. The Sun UltraTM 2 workstation Sun Ultra 2 Workstation Scalable Computing Power for the Desktop Sun UltraTM 2 workstations are designed for the technical users who require high performance and multiprocessing (MP) capability. The Sun UltraTM 2 desktop series combines the power of multiprocessing with high-bandwidth networking, high-performance graphics, and exceptional application performance in a compact desktop package. Users of MP-ready and multithreaded applications will benefit greatly from the performance of the Sun Ultra 2 dual-processor capability. -
Sun Enterprisetm 220R Server Just the Facts
Sun EnterpriseTM 220R Server Just the Facts Copyrights 1998, 1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Enterprise, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Solstice, Sun Enterprise SyMON, Sun WebServer, IPX, NFS, VIS, Sun StorEdge, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, Sun Enterprise Authentication Mechanism, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Solstice Backup, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe How, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Solstice Enterprise Agents, ShowMe TV, Java, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, SunScreen EFS, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunCD, SunVTS, SunSpectrum, SunSwift, SunFastEthernet, SunFDDI, SunTRI/P, SunHSI/P, PGX, PGX32, SunATM, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Just the Facts November 1999 Positioning Figure 1. Sun EnterpriseTM 220R System Exceptional Processing Power in a Compact Footprint The Sun EnterpriseTM 220R server is the latest member of Sun’s powerful line of servers for enterprise network computing based on the UltraSPARCTM processor technology. This next-generation workgroup server brings multiprocessing power, UltraSCSI disks, and the industry-standard peripheral component interconnect (PCI) I/O bus to a highly modular, rack-optimized 4RU (rack unit) design.