DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Navigator's Guide to Chart Plotters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Navigator's Guide to Chart Plotters No matter what size vessel you run, Furuno has a Chart Plotter to fi t your needs. Model Number GP1670F GP1870F MFD8 MFD12 TZT9 TZT14 General Specs. Display 5.7" LCD 7" LCD 8.4" LCD 12.1" Color LCD 9" Color LCD 14" Color LCD Pixels 640x480 800x480 640x480 800x600 800x480 1280x800 Cartography Options C-MAP 4D C-Map 4D MapMedia MM3D: C-Map by Jeppesen, Datacore by Navionics, NOAA Memory 30,00 Points 30,000 Points 12,000 Points 12,000 Points 30,000 Points 30,000 Points 1,000 Routes 1,000 Routes 200 Routes 200 Routes 1,000 Routes 1,000 Routes Data Format NMEA2000 NMEA2000 NMEA0183/2000 NMEA0183/2000 NMEA2000 NMEA2000 Fish Finder Yes Yes Optional Optional Optional Optional Radar No No Optional Optional Optional Optional AIS-Ready Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MaxSea TimeZero PC Navigation Software Specifications: TimeZero Navigator TimeZero Explorer Seamless Electronic Chart Display • • Multiple Chart Compatibility: Raster, Vector, Satellite Photo • • North Up/ Course Up / Head Up mode • • Day / Dusk / Night Vision • • Unlimited Waypoints and Routes • • Loran TD Display and Input • • Active and Historic Track • • USA Tidal Current and optional MapMedia Tidal Current Atlases Optional Optional Worldwide Tidal Data (Tidal Height) • • Weather (GRIB Data) Overlay • • MaxSea TimeZero Weathercaster for Wind, Waves, Air Pressure and Oceanic Currents • • MaxSea TimeZero Weathercaster for Sea Surface Temperature, Altimetry and Chlorophyll - • Navigation Logbook • • ARPA and AIS • • NavNet Connectivity via Ethernet (NMEA, AIS Data) • • NavNet TZtouch/3D Radar Overlay - • NavNet TZtouch/3D Chart License Sharing and Chart Server - • NavNet TZtouch/3D Route and Waypoint Exchange using SD Memory Card • • NavNet TZtouch/3D Route and Waypoint Exchange via Network Synchronization - • Optional Routing Module Optional Optional Complete Navigator’s Guide to Chart Plotters www.MapMedia.com Table of Contents MapMedia distributes all of the charts for NavNet 3D, NavNet TZtouch, and MaxSea TimeZero. You can use our site at www.FurunoUSA.com 1) The Evolution of Chart Plotting to locate the charts you want, and the link we provide you to download those charts will take you to MapMedia’s site. 2-3) Principles of GPS Chart Plotting 4-5) Chart Format - Raster vs. Vector 5) Waypoints & Routes Lat/Lon Coordinate Formats: The world’s fi rst video Plotter, the Furuno GD-101, displayed Loran position and ship’s Track on a 6) Controls simple vector grid. There are three basic forms of a coordinate: Modern Furuno Chart Plotters are sophisticated, • Degrees, Minutes, Hundredths of a Minute N 24° 49.50’, W 080° 30.50 7-9) Basic and Advanced Features powerful, versatile tools that are capable of much, • Degrees, Minutes, Seconds N 24° 49’ 30”, W 080° 49’ 30” much more than their predecessors. Each gen- eration has improved upon the last, culminating • Degrees, Decimal Minutes (Furuno default format) N 24.825,W 080.508 10-12) Tips & Tricks in Furuno’s NavNet 3D and NavNet TZtouch Multi Function Displays, the pinnacle of modern Chart Note that these coordinates are all for the same position. Furuno GPS receivers, with the exception of the GP32 Plotting technology. and GP37, are able to display position in all three forms of notation. Longitude degrees should always be no- 13) PC Chart Plotting & Apps tated with three numbers (for example: 080.508, not 80.508). This guide will teach you what a Chart Plotter is, what it can and cannot do, and off er tips and tricks 14) Legacy Products for making the most out of this important addition NOAA Charts are always notated in degrees, minutes and hundredths of a minute. National Geospatial Agency to your helm. charts are generally notated in degrees, minutes and seconds. Degrees and decimal minutes are generally used for surveying. LATITUDELATITUDELATITUDE && & LONGITUDELONGITUDE LONGITUDE LAT:LAT:LAT: 45°35.94945°35.94945°35.949 === DD°MM.MMM DD°MM.MMM DD°MM.MMM 15-17) Chart Plotter Terminology LON:LON:LON: 122°27.209122°27.209122°27.209 === DDD°MM.MMM DDD°MM.MMM DDD°MM.MMM Lat/Lon Format Conversion: 45°35.94945°35.94945°35.949 Degrees°Minutes.thoDegrees°Minutes.thoDegrees°Minutes.thousandthsusandthsusandths ofof of aa a MinuteMinute Minute 18-19) Chart Plotter FAQ's 45°35.9545°35.9545°35.95 Degrees°Minutes.hundredthsDegrees°Minutes.hundredthsDegrees°Minutes.hundredths ofof of aa a MinuteMinute Minute Here are the basic rules of Lat/Lon conversion: 45°35.5745°35.5745°35.57 Degrees°Minutes.SecondsDegrees°Minutes.SecondsDegrees°Minutes.Seconds 45°35.57.345°35.57.345°35.57.3 Degrees°Minutes.Seconds.tenthDegrees°Minutes.Seconds.tenthDegrees°Minutes.Seconds.tenth ofof of aa a SecondSecond Second 20) Common Icons • 1 Nautical Mile = 6076 feet 11 1 NauticalNautical Nautical MileMile Mile == = 60766076 6076 feetfeet feet • 1 Minute = 6076 feet 11 MinuteMinute == 60766076 feetfeet • 0.1 Minutes = 607.6 feet 1 1Minute Minute = = 6076 6076 feet feet 21) Additional Resources 0.10.1 MinutesMinutes == 607.6607.6 feetfeet • 0.01 Minutes = 60.76 feet0.10.1 Minutes Minutes = = 607.6 607.6 feet feet • 0.001 Minutes = 6.076 feet0.010.010.01 MinutesMinutes Minutes == = 60.7660.76 60.76 feetfeet feet 22) System Specifi cations 0.0010.0010.001 MinutesMinutes Minutes == = 6.0766.076 6.076 feetfeet feet To convert Seconds to hundredths,ToToTo convertconvert convert use SecondsSeconds Seconds the toto to hundredths,hundredths, hundredths,following useuse use thethe the followingfollowing formula:following formula:formula: formula: wherewherewheresss=== secondsseconds seconds s =.. .seconds. To convert Seconds to thousandths,ToToTo convertconvert convert SecondsSeconds useSeconds thetoto to thousandththousandth thousandth followings,s,s, useuse use thethe the followingfollowing followingformula: formula:formula: formula: wherewherewhere ss s== = seconds.seconds. seconds. s = seconds. To convert hundredths to Seconds,ToToTo convertconvert convert use hundredthshundredths hundredths the toto to following Seconds,Seconds, Seconds, useuse use thethe the followingfollowing formula:following formula:formula: formula: wherewherewherewhere hh h == = hundredths.hundredths. hundredths. h = hundredths. To convert thousandths to Seconds,ToToTo convertconvert convert thousandthsthousandths usethousandths the toto to followingSeconds,Seconds, Seconds, useuse use thethe the followingfollowing followingformula: formula:formula: formula: wherewhere where hh h == = hundredths.hundredths. hundredths.h = hundredths. Additional Resources The Evolution of Chart Plotting Ethernet-based networked bridge. Multiple displays Chart Plotters have come a long way since Furuno and black-box peripheral devices could be linked www.FurunoUSA.com developed the world’s fi rst Video Plotter in 1979. That together, sharing data from a number of sources and Visit our web site at www.FurunoUSA.com for information on the entire machine, the GD-101A, determined its position via allowing for complete control of every part of the LORAN. The GD-101A displayed position and ship’s system from any display on the network. NavNet vx2 line of award-winning Furuno Radars. Browse through our catalog of Track on a green vector screen. No electronic charts built upon this success, adding even more cartography chart plotters, fi sh fi nders, sonar, communication products and PC were available at that time, and location and Track options and more powerful peripheral devices. In software to round out your helm. Plus, you can register your Furuno were displayed on a simple vector grid. Since then, 2007, NavNet 3D re-invented the entire system. products through our web portal. LORAN has given way to GPS, digital cartography Operating in a fully 3D environment, NavNet 3D choices have opened up with both Vector and Raster allowed for navigation in the traditional top-down, options available from a number of sources, and more 2D or an impressive new 3D environment, giving the Furuno User Forum powerful optional functions have been introduced. navigator the ability to see farther ahead and around the vessel. The Furuno Forum on our web site at www.FurunoUSA.com is Today’s helm is a technological marvel compared to manned by our knowledgable Technical Support staff . Here, you the helms of the past. Your Radar can show you all Today, Furuno’s NavNet TZtouch incorporates our can ask questions and get answers about any Furuno products. Join our of the objects in the water around you even through fully-rendered 3D technology into the world’s fi rst multi-touch Multi Function Display. With NavNet rapidly growing pool of knowledgeable Furuno users today! the thickest fog or the dark of night. Your Fish Finder can unveil what is beneath you, increasing TZtouch, taps, pinches and swipes translate into your awareness of the underwater world around your actions instantaneously on the screen, transforming vessel. Only your Chart Plotter, though, can show you the way in which you plan and navigate from the cartographically where you are, where you’ve been, helm. Authorized Furuno Dealers and where you’re headed. Your local Furuno dealer is a valuable resource when it comes to an- GP-Series Chart Plotters Your Chart Plotter serves a number of useful functions While the NavNet series is defi nitely as powerful a swering specifi c questions about the electronics that are right for you. on your boat. It allows you, the navigator, to: system as you are likely to fi nd, not every mariner To fi nd your nearest Furuno dealer, simply go to our web site at www. needs such an advanced navigation suite. In fact, FurunoUSA.com and click on Find A Dealer. Enter your zip code and • Know your current location at a glance plenty of boaters will do just fi ne with a simple Chart you will receive a complete list of Furuno dealers in your area. • Show obstructions, buoys, navigation lanes and Plotter/Fish Finder combination unit, and that is where other ATN (Aids To Navigation) the GP series from Furuno shines. • Show Bathymetry (water depth) for a given location The Furuno GP series Chart Plotters are available as a Furuno Support Center • Save Waypoints for important locations so you can Chart Plotter/Fish Finder combination unit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Weekly Edition 10 of 2020
    Notices 1147 -- 1263/20 ADMIRALTY NOTICES TO MARINERS Weekly Edition 10 5 March 2020 (Published on the ADMIRALTY website 24 February 2020) CONTENTS I Explanatory Notes. Publications List II ADMIRALTY Notices to Mariners. Updates to Standard Nautical Charts III Reprints of NAVAREA I Navigational Warnings IV Updates to ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions V Updates to ADMIRALTY List of Lights and Fog Signals VI Updates to ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals VII Updates to Miscellaneous ADMIRALTY Nautical Publications VIII Updates to ADMIRALTY Digital Services For information on how to update your ADMIRALTY products using ADMIRALTY Notices to Mariners, please refer to NP294 How to Keep Your ADMIRALTY Products Up--to--Date. Mariners are requested to inform the UKHO immediately of the discovery of new or suspected dangers to navigation, observed changes to navigational aids and of shortcomings in both paper and digital ADMIRALTY Charts or Publications. The H--Note App helps you to send H--Notes to the UKHO, using your device’s camera, GPS and email. It is available for free download on Google Play and on the App Store. The Hydrographic Note Form (H102) should be used to forward this information and to report any ENC display issues. H102A should be used for reporting changes to Port Information. H102B should be used for reporting GPS/Chart Datum observations. Copies of these forms can be found at the back of this bulletin and on the UKHO website. The following communication facilities are available: NMs on ADMIRALTY website: Web: admiralty.co.uk/msi Searchable Notices to Mariners: Web: www.ukho.gov.uk/nmwebsearch Urgent navigational information: e--mail: [email protected] Phone: +44(0)1823 353448 +44(0)7989 398345 Fax: +44(0)1823 322352 H102 forms e--mail: [email protected] (see back pages of this Weekly Edition) Post: UKHO, Admiralty Way, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 2DN, UK All other enquiries/information e--mail: [email protected] Phone: +44(0)1823 484444 (24/7) Crown Copyright 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue 3: Planning Passage (LR)
    June 2013 Issue no. 03 NTHE vigator Inspiring professionalism in marine navigators PASSAGE PLANNING Thinking ahead for a successful voyage NSTITU I T L E A Y O A free publication by The Nautical Institute in association O F R N A N with the Royal Institute of Navigation V O I G A T I Planning to succeed Being a shipboard navigator often There is guidance available as to means making critical decisions while It is essential that good practices for passage planning alone on the bridge – and every decision the navigation and most companies will have their has to be the right one, every single own guidelines as well. It is essential time. Planning ahead can help keep team work that when onboard ship, the navigation you out of trouble, and reduce the together to ensure team work together to ensure that their risk involved in at least some of those passage plan is ‘fit for purpose’, is decisions. In this issue of The Navigator that their passage understood by all watch-keepers and is we look at the traditional role of passage plan is ‘fit for constantly updated to take account of planning, how modern developments new information. can be used to best effect, and how to purpose’ use forward planning to stay safe. effectively. This may include anticipating A plan is a basis for change where traffic might be heavy so that Just because you have a plan, don’t be Forewarned is forearmed additional personnel can be on hand, afraid to change it; for example if you If you can predict or anticipate risk, you or identifying clear ‘no-go’ zones to have new information, such as a safety can prepare solutions for mitigating focus the navigator’s attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13.2: Topographic Maps 1
    Chapter 13.2: Topographic Maps 1 A map is a model or representation of objects and terrain in the actual environment. There are numerous types of maps. Some of the types of maps include mental, planimetric, topographic, and even treasure maps. The concept of mapping was introduced in the section using natural features. Maps are created for numerous purposes. A treasure map is used to find the buried treasure. Topographic maps were originally used for military purposes. Today, they have been used for planning and recreational purposes. Although other types of maps are mentioned, the primary focus of this section is on topographic maps. Types of Maps Mental Maps – The mind makes mental maps all the time. You drive to the grocery store. You turn right onto the boulevard. You identify a street sign, building or other landmark and know where this is where you turn. You have made a mental map. This was discussed under using natural features. Planimetric Maps – A planimetric map is a two dimensional representation of objects in the environment. Generally, planimetric maps do not include topographic representation. Road maps, Rand McNally ® and GoogleMaps ® (not GoogleEarth) are examples of planimetric maps. Topographic Maps – Topographic maps show elevation or three-dimensional topography two dimensionally. Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation. A chart refers to a nautical chart. Nautical charts are topographic maps in reverse. Rather than giving elevation, they provide equal levels of water depth. Topographic Maps Topographic maps show elevation or three-dimensional topography two dimensionally. Topographic maps use contour lines to show elevation.
    [Show full text]
  • Maps and Charts
    Name:______________________________________ Maps and Charts Lab He had bought a large map representing the sea, without the least vestige of land And the crew were much pleased when they found it to be, a map they could all understand - Lewis Carroll, The Hunting of the Snark Map Projections: All maps and charts produce some degree of distortion when transferring the Earth's spherical surface to a flat piece of paper or computer screen. The ways that we deal with this distortion give us various types of map projections. Depending on the type of projection used, there may be distortion of distance, direction, shape and/or area. One type of projection may distort distances but correctly maintain directions, whereas another type may distort shape but maintain correct area. The type of information we need from a map determines which type of projection we might use. Below are two common projections among the many that exist. Can you tell what sort of distortion occurs with each projection? 1 Map Locations The latitude-longitude system is the standard system that we use to locate places on the Earth’s surface. The system uses a grid of intersecting east-west (latitude) and north-south (longitude) lines. Any point on Earth can be identified by the intersection of a line of latitude and a line of longitude. Lines of latitude: • also called “parallels” • equator = 0° latitude • increase N and S of the equator • range 0° to 90°N or 90°S Lines of longitude: • also called “meridians” • Prime Meridian = 0° longitude • increase E and W of the P.M.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Special Local Notice to Mariners (SLNM)
    2018 Special Local Notice to MarinerS U.S. Department o~· Commander Coast Guard Island, Bldg 52 Homeland Security • ~ • Eleventh Coast Guard District Alameda, CA 94501-5100 Staff Symbol: (dpw) 1 Phone: (510)437-2980 United States Fax: (510)437-5836 Coast Guard [email protected] APR 2 7 2018 To: All Mariners in the Eleventh Coast Guard District I am pleased to announce the publication of the 2018 Special Local Notice to Mariners (SLNM). The Special Local Notice to Mariners is an annual Coast Guard Eleventh District publication. It contains important information for mariners transiting the seacoast from the California/Oregon border to the United States/Mexico border and all federally designated navigable waters in Nevada, Utah, Arizona and California. I hope you find this publication a helpful guide for boater safety. Over the last year, this Special Local Notice to Mariners has received several modifications and updates. It includes tips and information for trip planning, local hazards and points of contact for obtaining further information or answering questions. We also provide excerpts from the various federal laws and regulations regarding vessel boarding, reporting marine pollution, aids to navigation and Vessel Traffic Service procedures. The most basic responsibility of the U.S. government is to protect the lives and safety of its citizens. Coast Guard maritime safety activities save lives, minimize damage to property, protect the environment, and safeguard the U.S. economy. As the Eleventh District Commander, it is an honor to work with the maritime community and I am committed to keeping our waterways safe and secure.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographical Index
    Bibliographical Index BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ACCESS TO THIS VOLUME Bacon, Roger. Opus Majus. 305, 322, 345 Basil, Saint. Homilies. 328 Three modes of access to bibliographical information are used Bede, the Venerable. De natura rerum. 137 in this volume: the footnotes; the bibliographies; and the Bib­ ---. De temporum ratione. 321 liographical Index. The footnotes provide the full form of a reference the first Cassiodorus. Institutiones divinarum et saecularium time it is cited in each chapter with short-title versions in litterarum. 172, 255, 259, 261 subsequent citations. In each of the short-title references, the Cato the Elder. Origines. 205 note number of the fully cited work is given in parentheses. Censorinus. De die natalie 255 The bibliographies following each chapter provide a selec­ Chaucer, Geoffrey. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. 387 tive list of major books and articles relevant to its subject Cicero. Arataea (translation of Aratus's versification of matter. Eudoxus's Phaenomena). 143 The Bibliographical Index comprises a complete list, ar­ ---. Letters to Atticus. 255 ranged alphabetically by author's name, of all works cited in ---. De natura deorum. 160,168 the footnotes. Numbers in bold type indicate the pages on --. The Republic. 159, 160, 255 which references to these works can be found. This index is ---. Tusculan Disputations. 160 divided into two parts. The first part identifies the texts of Cleomedes. De motu circulari. 152, 154, 169 classical and medieval authors. The second part lists the mod­ Cosmas Indicopleustes. Christian Topography. 143, 144, ern literature. 261 Ctesias of Cnidus. Indica. 149 TEXTS OF CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL ---. Persica. 149 AUTHORS Dicuil.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 27 Navigation Processes
    CHAPTER 27 NAVIGATION PROCESSES INTRODUCTION 2700. Understanding the Process of Navigation failure, which must be backed up with another source to ensure the safety of the vessel. Navigation is comprised of a number of different pro- It is also the navigator’s responsibility to ensure that cesses. Some are done in a set order, some randomly, some they and all members of their team are properly trained and almost constantly, others only infrequently. It is in choosing ready in all respects for their duties, and that they are using these processes that an individual navigator’s experi- familiar with the operation of all gear and systems for ence and judgment are most crucial. Compounding this which they are responsible. The navigator must also ensure subject’s difficulty is the fact that there are no set rules re- that all digital and/or hardcopy charts and publications are garding the optimum employment of navigational systems updated with information from the Notice to Mariners, and and techniques. Optimum use of navigational systems var- that all essential navigational gear is in operating condition. ies as a function of the type of vessel, the quality of the Navigating a vessel is a dynamic process. Schedules, navigational equipment on board, and the experience and missions, and weather often change. Planning a voyage is a skill of the navigator and all the team members. process that begins well before the ship gets underway. Ex- For the watch officer, ensuring the ship’s safety always takes priority over completing operational commitments ecuting that plan does not end until the ship ties up at the and carrying out the ship’s routine.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Nautical Chart Updating Training Guide
    ` U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Nautical Chart Updating Training Guide National Ocean Service Office of Coast Survey Chart Updating Training Guide Ver. 2.4 2016 1 Table of Contents What is New - 3 Plotting (Chart Sections) - 30 Introduction to Chartplotter and GPS Navigation Software -31 Nautical Charts and Coast Pilot - 4 Using the Raster Navigational Charts Google Objective - 4 Earth Tool – 31 Background - 4 Introduction to NOAA Nautical Discrepancy Projections – 5 Report System – 32 Latitude and Longitude Scales - 6 Nautical Chart Feature Corrections – 32 Scales - 6 Coast Pilot Items – 33 Horizontal Datum – 7 Nautical Features Report – 34 Vertical Datum - 8 Instructions – 35 Depths Used on Nautical Charts- 8 Coast Pilot Report – 38 Traditional Paper Nautical Charts – 8 Instructions – 39 Chart Title and Information Block – 9 Reporting of Particular Feature Types - 41 Color Used on Nautical Charts – 9 NOAA’s Nautical Discrepancy Report System Lettering Styles – 10 – 42 Chart Depths – 10 Create a New Report – 43 Chart Edition – 10 Charting Action – 48 Updated Charts – 11 USACE Chart Discrepancy Reporting System - Nautical Chart Catalogs – 11 49 US Coast Pilot – 12 Chart Update AUXDATA Submittals - 52 US Coast Pilot Updates – 12 Individual’s duty for the patrol - 52 Bearings in the Coast Pilot – 12 Currents in the Coast Pilot – 13 Appendices Introduction to Nautical Chart Updating- 13 1. Responsible/Knowledgeable Sources, Objectives – 13 Reportable Chart Features -53 Background – 13 2. Difference Between RNCs and ENCs, Tools and Equipment useful in Print-on-Demand Paper Charts, PDF Chart Updating -14 Nautical Charts, Chart Updates (LNM Obtaining Information from Knowledgeable and NM Corrections) and Sources - 18 BookletCharts - 67 How to determine if an object is chartable – 18 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Scale NOAA Nautical Chart for Small Boaters When Possible, Use the Full-Size NOAA Chart for Navigation
    BookletChart™ Cumberland Head to Four Brothers Islands NOAA Chart 14782 A reduced-scale NOAA nautical chart for small boaters When possible, use the full-size NOAA chart for navigation. Included Area Published by the A special anchorage is on the west side of the lake in Deep Bay. (See 33 CFR 110.1 and 110.8(i), chapter 2, for limits and regulations.) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Channels.–The south 37 miles of Lake Champlain, from Whitehall north National Ocean Service to Crown Point (44°01.8'N., 73°25.8'W.), is a narrow arm. The south 13 Office of Coast Survey miles of this arm, from Whitehall north to Benson Landing, is filled with a marshy flat traversed by a narrow channel of open water. A Federal www.NauticalCharts.NOAA.gov project provides for a 12-foot channel through this reach. In September 888-990-NOAA 2008, the controlling depths in the channel were 2 feet (7½ feet at midchannel) to Benson Landing. Above Benson Landing, natural deep What are Nautical Charts? water is available to Crown Point. The entire narrows, from Whitehall to Crown Point is well marked by lights and buoys. Nautical charts are a fundamental tool of marine navigation. They show North from Crown Point for about 75 miles to Rouses Point, Lake water depths, obstructions, buoys, other aids to navigation, and much Champlain is deep and wide. Prominent points and shoals throughout more. The information is shown in a way that promotes safe and the lake are marked by lights and buoys. efficient navigation.
    [Show full text]
  • GPS/GNSS What Is It? How Does It Work? What Are Its Applications?
    GPS/GNSS What is it? How Does it Work? What are its Applications? Historic Navigation • Reference points in the sky used for navigation – The Sun – The Pole Star / North Star – Southern Cross • Gives Direction, but not position • Add a sextant to give latitude • And a clock to give longitude GNSS Principles • GNSS satellites in the sky are the new reference points • If my GNSS receiver "sees" 4 or more satellites, it can compute my position – "see" means track and process navigation signals Satellites as Accurate Reference Points • GNSS signals contain information about the satellites' positions – very accurate reference points • Measure the distance from the satellites to the receiver • Knowing at least three distances from three reference points gives position How do you measure distance? speed = distance / time distance = speed x time satellite signals contain 'time stamps' radio waves travel time = tsent – treceived at light speed "c" – 300,000km in 1 second – 300km in 1ms (1/1000th) – 300m in 1μs (1/millionth) – 300mm in 1ns Compute position distance = speed x time 8 • speed = 3x10 m/s • time = tsent – treceived • but, receiver time not accurately known • so the time stamp from a fourth satellite is measured • compensates for the missing receiver time Example GNSS Signal • radio frequency at "L-band" – typically 1575MHz • at satellite: signal energy spread by a code • at receiver: spread signal energy is unlocked and refocused – "code gain" • allows simple antennas to receive low power signals • and to share the frequency with other satellites/systems Position relative to? • A position is pointless without having a ground reference • A world reference is used, eg WGS84 – World Geodetic System 1984 • Allows position fix to be placed on a World grid • Maps can be referenced to the same grid • you can determine where you are on a map What is GNSS used for? PNT • Positioning… surveying and mapping – location based services – air traffic management – search and rescue • Navigation… a given.
    [Show full text]
  • Cartographic and Geospatial Materials
    LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COLLECTIONS POLICY STATEMENTS ±² Collections Policy Statement Index Cartographic and Geospatial Materials This document consolidates and replaces the former Maps, Atlases, and Remote Sensing Images Collections Policy Statement and Digital Geographic Data Collections Policy Statement Contents I. Scope II. Research Strengths III. Collecting Policy IV. Acquisitions Sources: Current and Future V. Collecting Levels: (Class G1000-G9980) I. Scope This Collections Policy Statement deals with analog geospatial resources presented graphically in the form of maps1, atlases, globes, charts (aeronautical and hydrographic), three-dimensional models, and aerial photography and remote sensing images; and digital geospatial data2 or spatially referenced data in the form of vector and raster representations, relational databases that incorporate common geographic features as attributes, remotely sensed digital imagery, software for the creation, retrieval, analysis and display of geospatial data, and web sites. For treatment of cartography as a subject, see the Geography and Cartography Collections Policy Statement. The majority of the Library's cartographic and geospatial materials (Library of Congress Classification Schedule G1000-G9980) is housed in the Geography and Map Division. Analog cartographic materials often complement or supplement textual works and may appear in the Library's other format or subject collection areas. In an evolving information society, cartographic representations of geographic data and geo-referenced content
    [Show full text]
  • Arnaud-Geography2014.Pdf
    CHAPTER 3 ANCIENT MARINERS BETWEEN EXPERIENCE AND COMMON SENSE GEOGRAPHY Pascal Arnaud Université Lyon 2 Abstract Although no first-hand information from ancient mariners have been preserved, their legacy to classical Greek geography has been so important that it is still pos- sible to recognise the structural impact of the material gathered from their implicit knowledge upon the patterns of presentation of space. The kind of tacit knowledge they had acquired appears very similar to that of the later Micronesians, studied by Hutchins. It was based upon durations rather than distances, and upon an original perception of orientations and directions. Thanks to that knowledge, based upon the repetition of experience through generations and apprenticeship, they were able to sail the blue sea without maps or instruments. This paper will address the issue whether – or within which limits – the mental construction of limited linear sec- tions of space may have opened the way to the construction of some coherent pre- sentation of space, a mental map in the fullest sense. In a well-known paragraph, Strabo1 establishes the direction and length of the passage between Rhodes and Alexandria and balances Eratosthenes’ calculations with ancient mariners’ experience: “The passage between Rhodes and Alexandria by north wind is about 4000 stadia; sailing along the coasts is twice this distance. Eratosthenes says that, this distance is the mere mariners’ conjecture of some, while others avow distinctly that it amounts to 5000 stadia; he himself, from observations of the shadows indicated by the gnomon, calculates it at 3750.” ‘Mariners’ were often scorned by ancient writers, when they were authors of travel narratives, but used to be considered as a main piece of evidence, when they were ano- nymous and a consensus came into being from a long-lasting verified experience of 1 2.5.24, C 168–169 = Erat.
    [Show full text]