Advanced School for Coaches in Female Wrestling 15－18 November, 2007

Advanced School for Coaches In Female Wrestling

15－18 November, 2007 TOKYO, JAPAN Advanced School for Coaches In Female Wrestling 15－18 November 2007 TOKYO JAPAN

Mr. Raphaël Martinetti Mr. Tomiaki Fukuda FILA President FILA Vice-President / JWF President Welcome speech and opening of the clinic. Organiser’s welcome speech.

Mr. Mario Saletnig FILA Vice-President

FILA intentions regarding the development of female wrestling. FILA / IOC’s assistance and Olympic Solidarity programme.

Dr. Harold Tünnemann FILA Instructor

Educational aspects of the preparation for the various age groups. Analysis of the Female’s freestyle world championship 2007. Technical-tactical preparation in Female Wrestling for Olympic Games in Beijing of the basis of the DVD “Fascination Wrestling 2006”

1 Advanced School for Coaches In Female Wrestling 15－18 November 2007 TOKYO JAPAN

Professor Stephan Kazarian FILA Instructor

Example of a circular training for a national team (junior-senior). Individualization of the training process for the preparation of the elite wrestlers.

Mr. Hideaki Tomiyama

Specific warm-ups depending on the conditions of the training halls and the different age groups to prevent injuries.

Mr. Kazuhito Sakae

Execution of the clinch (ordered position) and its tactical variants. Tactical schemes for the execution of holds in standing position.

2 Advanced School for Coaches In Female Wrestling 15－18 November 2007 TOKYO JAPAN

Dr. Mitsuru Sato

Weight training methods to build muscular strength and programs for junior, senior and national team. Dummy exercises for speed improvement.

Prof. Shojiro Shimoda JWF Vice-President

Wrestler’s diet. Recovery between two matches. Recovery after and during one day competition. Coach’s role in the preparation of the wrestlers for each competition match.

Dr. Kohei Nakajima

JWF Medical Committee, Japan National Team doctor

3 Advanced School for Coaches In Female Wrestling 15－18 November 2007 TOKYO JAPAN

Mr. Takeshi Kukidome JWF National Coach

Weight management before the competition without losing the top of condition. Example of modern training for explosive strength.

4 Coach Clinic Name List No. Country Family Name Given Name Function 1 Swiss Martinetti Raphaël FILA 2 USA/Canada Saletnig Mario FILA 3 Japan Fukuda Tomiaki FILA 4 Korea Kim Ik-Jong FILA 5 Armenia Kazarian Stephan Instructor 6 Germany Tünnemann Harold Instructor 7 Japan Shiomoda Shojiro Instructor 8 Japan Tomiyama Hideaki Instructor 9 Japan Sakae Kazuhito Instructor 10 Japan Nakajima Kohei Instructor 11 Japan Sato Mitsuru Instructor 12 Japan Kukidome Takeshi Instructor 13 Azerbaijyan Alijanov Najim Coach 14 China Xu Kuiyuan Coach 15 China Liu Mingyi Coach 16 China Zhou Jinqiang Coach 17 China Qu Zhongdong Coach 18 Chinese Taipei Chu Kuo-Tung Coach 19 Chinese Taipei Juan Sheng-Hao Coach 20 Chinese Taipei Lin Ming Chi Coach 21 Greece Kolitsopoulou Ioanna Coach 22 Korea Choi Wan-Ho Coach 23 Korea Jung Jin-Hyuk Coach 24 Korea Kim Yong-Ho Coach 25 Korea Lee Jung-Keun Coach 26 Mexico Oregel Leja Cauhtemoc Coach 27 Mongol Baatar Tumurbaatar Coach 28 Mouritius Albert Marie Clairmene Coach 29 Netherland Krauth Michael Coach 30 Norway Barlie Ine Coach 31 Poland Godlewski Jan Waldemar Coach 32 Spain Barcia Francisco Coach 33 Sweden Besarati Fariborz Jatar Coach 34 Thailand Anodas Chatpisit Coach 35 Thailand Jamsopon Sujid Coach 36 Tukey Kara Habil Coach 37 Tukey Percin Ndir Ugrun Coach 38 USA Steiner Terry Lee Coach 39 Ukraine Morgoyev Volodymyr Coach 40 Ukraine Savlokhov Ruslan Coach 41 Ukraine Yevonov Volodymyr Coach 42 Venezuela Garcia Quintana Wilfredo Coach 43 Venezuela Azoaje Leon Edy Jose Coach 44 Japan Akaishi Kosei Coach 45 Japan Fujikawa Kenji Coach 46 Japan Ito Hiromichi Coach 47 Japan Kanehama Ryo Coach 48 Japan Kinase Shigeo Coach 49 Japan Koyabashi Hiromi Coach 50 Japan Motodahara Akira Coach 51 Japan Naritomi Toshihiro Coach 52 Japan Niitsu Hideaki Coach 53 Japan Ohashi Masanori Coach 54 Japan Suzuki Rikiya Coach 55 Japan Terao Kazuya Coach 56 Japan Yoshioka Osamu Coach 57 Japan Yui Toshiro Coach 2007 FILA Advanced School for Coaches in Female Wrestling Schedule

【November 15(Thu):1st Day:】 Venue: Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS) 13:00 – 13:30 Opening / Theory (2F Meeting Room) 14:00 – 17:00 Practice (2F Training Place)

【November 16(Fri):2nd Day:】 Venue: Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS) 09:00 – 12:00 Theory (2F Meeting Room) 13:20 – 17:00 Practice (2F Training Place)

【November 17(Thu):3rd Day:】 Venue: Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS) 09:00 – 12:00 Theory (2F Meeting Room) 13:20 – 17:00 Practice (2F Training Place) 19:00 – 20:30 Party for coaches Place: Hotel Bell-classic Tokyo 8F ‘Serenade’

【November 18(Sun):4th Day:】 Venue: World Import Mart (Ikebukuro) 09:00 – 12:00 Round Table/Written Examination/Certificate (5F Meeting Room No.9)

Advanced school for coaches in Female Wrestling Tokyo, JAPAN 15-18 November, 2007

Day 1 - 15th November Theory Contents Time Person in charge １３：００－１３：０５ 1.Welcome speech and opening of the clinic 5 FILA President Raphaël Martinetti １３：０５－１３：１０ 2. Organiser's welcom speech 5 FILA Vice-president JWF President Tomiaki Fukuda １３：１０－１３：３５ 3. FILA intentions regrding the development of 20 FILA Vice-president female wrestling. FILA/IOC's assistance and Mario Saletnig Olympic Solidarity programme Questions - Answers 5 １３：３５－１４：００ Coffee Break / Preparation for practice 25 Practice １４：００－１４：３５ 1- Specific warm-ups depending on the conditions 30 Japan National Team of the training halls and the different age groups to Head Coach prevent injuries Hideaki Tomiyama Questions - Answers 5 １４：３５－１５：３５ 2- Execution of the clinch (ordered position) and 45 Japan National Female its tactical variants team Head Coach Questions - Answers 15 Kazuhito Sakae １５：３５－１６：００ Coffee Break 25 １６：００－１６：４５ 3- Weight training methods to build muscular 30 Japan Wrestlin Federation strenght and programs for junior, senior and national National Team Coach team Mitsuru Sato Qestions - Ansewers 15 Day 2 - 16th November Theory Contents Time Person in charge ０９：００－０９：３０ 1 - Coaches' role and behaviour. National teams 20 FILA Vice-president throughout the 2007 FILA chamionships and Mario Saletnig international tournamnets. Rules application and interpretation leadng to the 5 Olympic Games. Qestions - Ansewers 5

0９：３０－１０：３５ 2 - Analysis of the Female's freestyle world championship 2007 60 FILA Instructor 1) Country-specific aspects of performance in competition Dr. Harold Tünnemann 2) Qualitative analysis of combat behaviour 3) Individual worl top prerformances under tehnical-tactical aspects on the basic of video clips Qestions - Ansewers 5 １０：３５－１０：５０ Coffee Break 15 １０：５０－１１：４０ 3 - The role of psychological determination and tactical 45 FILA Instructor Training for winning Prof. Stephan Kazarian Question - answers 5 １１：４０－１３：００ Lunch 80 １３：００－１３：５０ 4 - Educational aspects of the preparation for the 45 JWF National Director various age groups Coach Qestions - Ansewers 5 Takeshi Kukidome １３：５０－１４：４０ 5 - Technical-tactical preparation in Female Wrestling for 45 FILA Instructor Olympic Games in Beijing ofn the basis of the DVD Dr. Harold Tünnemann “Fascination Wrestling 2006” Qestions - Ansewers 5 １４：４０－１５：００ Coffee Break / Preparation for practice 20 １５：００－１６：００ 1 - Example of a circular training for a national team 45 FILA Instructor (junior - senior). Prof. Stephan Kazarian Question - answers 15 １６：００－１７：００ 2 - Tactical schemes for the execution of holds in 45 Japan National Female standing position. Team Head Coach Question - answers 15 Kazuhito Sakae Day 3 - 17th November Theory Contents Time Person in charge ０９：００－０９：５０ 1 - Wrestlers' diet. Recovery between two matches. 45 JWF Vice-President

Recovery after training and during one day competition. Prof. Shojiro Shimoda

Question - answers 5

０９：５０－１０：２５ 2 - Orthopedic problems during training and competition 30 JWF Medical Committee

Question - answers Japan national team doctor

5 Dr. Kohei Nakajima

１０：２５－１０：３５ Coffee Break 10

１０：３５－１１：２５ 3 - Individualization of the training process for the 45 FILA Instructor

preparation of the eite wrestlers. Prof. Stephan Kazarian

Question - answers 5

１１：２５－１２：００ 4 - Coach's role in the preparation of the wrestlers for 30 JWF Vice-President

each competition match. Prof. Shojiro Shimoda

Question - answers 5

１２：００－１３：３０ Lunch 90

１３：３０－１４：１５ 5 - Weight management before the competition without 30 JWF National Coach

losing the top of condition. Takeshi Kukidome

Question - answers 10 Practice １５：００－１６：００ 1 - Dummy exercises for speed improvement. 45 JWF National Coach

Question - answers 15 Mitsuru Sato

１６：００－１７：００ 2 - Example of modern training for explosive strength. 45 JWF National Coach

Question - answers 15 Takeshi Kukidome

Day 4 - 18th November Contents Time Person in charge

０９：００－９：４５ Round table 45 Stephan Kazarian and the ０９：４５－１１：４５ Written exams 120 other Instructors １１：４５－１２：００ Closing of the clinic OPENING SPEECH IN TOKYO

BY PRESIDENT MARTINETTI

Mr Tomiaki Fukuda, FILA Vice-President and President of the Wrestling Japan Federation Mr Mario Saletnig, FILA Vice-President Ladies and Gentlemen, the coaches Dear Friends,

It is with great pleasure that I speak to you on the occasion of the opening of the 2007 female wrestling course for coaches in the beautiful city of Tokyo. This course takes place here thanks to the generosity and the commitment of my friend Tomiaki Fukuda.

Mr. Fukuda and all the colleagues of the federation have done everything possible to make everybody feel comfortable in Japan and on behalf of you all I would like to thank them for their hospitality and the offered conditions. I also thank all of you who participate in this female wrestling course which must give you the opportunity to acquire new skills, to exchange experiences and analyse the season 2007 coming to an end, at least for the major competitions.

All these analyses as well as the topics proposed during the next three days have been prepared by the coaches department and his secretary, Stéphan Kazarian and these are important and burning issues.

The year before the Olympic Games full of all kind of competitions was dominated by the Junior World Championships in Beijing and the Senior World Championships in Baku. A record participation was registered during these very important championships.

The championship in Beijing which took place with wrestlers from the new rules in a city which will host the Olympic Games 2008 shows that FILA was right to decide to modernize our sport.

The young wrestlers have indeed already learned the new rules and they compete with the rules and not against them. This spirit allowed us to watch interesting and spectacular bouts with a record number of points.

The championships in Baku despite minor organisation shortcomings are the biggest world championship in the FILA history and the organising committee deserves our thanks; it is the beginning of the Olympic road for the senior men and women wrestlers. 144 athletes out of 800 participating wrestlers are already qualified with a distribution by country which takes into account the strength of the FILA member countries. This foresees fierce continental competitions and qualification tournaments ahead.

The female wrestling will be part of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games for the second consecutive Olympics. Even if we were able to increase the number of women wrestlers, FILA is not entirely satisfied and its medium term objective is to obtain the 7 weight categories as we did for men. In order to reach this objective, FILA has decided to organise a female wrestling world championship in Tokyo after the 2008 Games even during the Olympic year. No doubt that this championship will give the women wrestlers the opportunity to show that women wrestling deserves a place in the Olympic programme.

You, the coaches who are participating in this international course will have huge and important missions in 2008 as FILA and wrestling ambassadors in your different countries. There will be many missions and they will be addressed in the different topics that you are reminded now :

- Making the women wrestlers and officials understand that it is crucial to assist FILA in its work of modernizing wrestling so that FILA can go ahead and keep its place in the leading pack of Olympic sports. - Doing the utmost for your women wrestlers to be qualified at the Beijing Olympic Games while complying with the rules and the sport ethics. - Accepting to increase your technical knowledge and experience by learning new wrestling sports which are listed in the FILA programme to develop them in your federations and clubs, such as Beach Wrestling, Grappling, Pangration, Sambo. - Using in the best possible way the educational tool that FILA will implement these days, the master grades to increase the basics of wrestling apart from competitions. - Contributing to improve wrestling through the coaches department or the coaches association by concrete proposals for the world wrestling’s sake.

Ladies and gentlemen, these are the objectives of FILA which must also be yours with the different topics, you who decided to participate in this 2007 female wrestling course for coaches during these three days.

I thank you for your attention.

Raphaël Martinetti FILA President

■体力的要素（■体力的要素（physicalphysical fitnessfitness）） ①筋力（muscle strength） ②敏捷性（agility） ③持久性（staying power）筋持久力（muscular endurance）全身持久力（physical working capacity) ④パワー（power） ⑤平衡性（balance) ⑥柔軟性（flexibility） ⑦協調性（cooperation）

1 Ex.◆Physical fitness program(week)◆ off-season Run（slope）200m×5set,100m×5set,50m×5set,25m×5set MON +strength with wrestler Circuit（8item:power clean ⇒ dumbbell curl ⇒squat ⇒ machine TUE pull ⇒ leg curl ⇒ step up ⇒ abdominal muscle ⇒ rope） 8 item ×30sec(10sec)×2R(5-10min.rest)×3set Run（short interval） WED 100mD.⇒50mJ.×6set,50mD.⇒25mJ.×9set,25mD.×25J.×15set

THU Ball game（soccer,basketball,,,）15min.×4set

FRI Strength （7item:3~5set）max1set+80~90%RM2~4set

SAT Run （long interval）1500m、900m、600m×2set、300m×3set

SUN Relaxation

Male Purpose Female

Basic skill Under 12yrs. Under 11yrs. （basic movement）

13~15yrs. staying power 12~15yrs.

15~18yrs. strength & power 15~18yrs.

specialization Over 19yrs. Over 19yrs. individualization

2 （Junior）

After After First ? 4 weeks 5 weeks ①70%×10 ①70%×10 ①75%×10 ①75%×10

②70%× 8 ②70%×10 ②75%× 8 ②75%×10

③70%× 6 ③70%×10 ③75%× 6 ③75%×10

④Max ④Max

Max.⇒add to 5-10％

（Senior）

After After First ? 4 weeks 5 weeks ①80%×10 ①80%×10 ①85%×10 ①85%×10

②80%× 8 ②80%×10 ②85%× 8 ②85%×10

③80%× 6 ③80%×10 ③85%× 6 ③85%×10

④⑤Max ④⑤Max

Max.⇒add to 5-10％

3 a.上半身（upper body） •Bench press（大胸筋/小胸筋/上腕三頭筋） •Bent over rowing （広背筋/僧帽筋） •Chinning ＝pull up（広背筋/上腕二頭筋） •Arm curl（上腕二頭筋/上腕筋） •Wrist curl（前腕屈群筋） •Abdominal muscle（腹直筋）

BenchBench presspress BentBent overover rowingrowing WristWrist curlcurl

From Weider H.P.

b.下半身（lower body） •Dead lift（大臀筋/大腿四頭筋/脊柱起立筋群） •Squat（大臀筋/大腿四頭筋/脊柱起立筋群） •Power（High）clean （大腿四頭筋/下腿三頭筋/広背筋/脊柱起立筋群） PowerPower cleanclean

DeadDead liftlift SquatSquat

From Weider H.P.

4 ％１RM Reps. R.P.E Purpose

100% 1 very very heavy strength 95% 2 very very heavy strength 90% 3-5 very heavy strength 80% 8 heavy strength 70% 12 fairly heavy endurance 60% 20 light endurance form 50% 28 very light form

BIG ３（Power３）of making wrestler

①①BenchBench presspress ②②SquatSquat ③③powerpower cleanclean （（upperupper body)body) （（lowerlower bodybody））（（posturalpostural basebase））

③③DeadDead liftlift

From Weider H.P.

5 Rest period

Purpose Rest period muscular strength 2～5min. power 2～5min. muscle hypertrophy 30～90sec. muscular endurance under 30sec.

Effect of training

training

rest nutrition relaxation

FILA Coaches Clinic

Tokyo

November 2007

Analysis of the Female’s freestyle world championships 2007

1. Country-specific aspects of performance in competition

2. Qualitative analysis of combat behaviour 2.1 country-specific aspects 2.2 Combat behaviour of the Winner

3. Individual world top performances under technical-tactical aspects on the basic of video clips

Prof. Dr. Harold Tünnemann

1. Country-specific aspects of performance in competition

The 2007 Senior World Championships in Baku were especially characterized by fighting for the direct Olympic Games Qualification. Therefore we have had a new record of participants and we could see also a very hard fighting for the Qualification. In the connection with the Olympic Qualification it is Ukraine with the outstanding result of 4 places for Beijing. But also the wrestlers from China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Sweden and USA with 3 qualifications could be satisfied. Japan missed the expected fourth qualification in 72kg but it was not only the fault of Hamaguchi, the involved referee’s did not had their best performance at that day if you ask me. It is very good to see that 16 from 20 participating countries could gain at least one qualification. Among these there are two countries from South America (Columbia and Venezuela). Congratulation to all these countries, wrestlers and coaches! Kazakhstan and France could improve dramatically as teams (fig. 1).

The best Nations' LF

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006 Pts. 70

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 52 39 39 36 32 31 31 26 16 16 WC 2006 67 0 22 41 22 30 28 3 23 19

sorted by FILA - ranking ( 1. place - 10 Pts.;10. place - 1 Pt.) . FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 1: Best nations in Freestyle Wrestling Women

Kazakhstan jumped from 0 to 39! and France climbed from 3 to 26 Nation points. But also Ukraine, USA and Russia could improve their results in Female Wrestling. The Japanese wrestlers could maintain their supremacy also in Baku 2007 with the first place in the nation’s ranking. But they had to suffer losses in Baku in comparison to Guangzhou. This is also an indication for the increase in efficiency of other nations. Germany, China and Sweden had to suffer losses in Baku also. Just one year before the Olympic Games 2008 is the question interesting how successful are the leading nations in developing their new generation. Some of the best junior World Champions could have the chance to enter the Olympic Stage. Therefore we will integrate the performance of the Junior World Championships in this analyze. The most of the ten best Nations from the Senior World Championships are belonging to the best nations of the Junior World Championships in Beijing (fig. 2).

The best Nations' LF

Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007 Pts. 80

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE POL MGL IND WC 2007 52 39 39 36 32 31 31 26 16 16 9 9 0 JWC 2007 12 21 43 68 36 20 59 0 6 36 19 16 21

sorted by FILA - ranking ( 1. place - 10 Pts.;10. place - 1 Pt.) FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 2: Best nations in Freestyle Wrestling Women in comparison to Junior World Championships

The world’s elite in junior wrestling of China, Russia, Sweden and India is extraordinary if we compare it with the senior wrestlers. But also the wrestlers of Ukraine, USA, Kazakhstan, Canada, Mongolia, and Poland have demonstrated distinct progresses in their junior training concepts. In other countries like France, 4

Germany and Japan could be used possibilities for improving their performances in the future.

2. Qualitative analysis of combat behaviour

The Female championships like the ones in freestyle men and Greco-roman wrestling have been characterized by current changes to the rules. Other than in Greco-Roman wrestling, there are considerably less problems with the realization of the new rules and so the impacts on the quality of combat behaviour have been lower. Coaches and athletes have adapted to the new competitions rules and they have modified training regarding the special strength and endurance abilities as well as the technical-tactical challenges. The realisation of 4 to 5 bouts a day requires enormous improvements of the special physical conditional abilities. As the results show, these requirements meet best with the training philosophy of the best nations. It is a positive surprise that in Baku like already in Guangzhou one parameter of the quality of wrestling - the average number of scored points per minute of bout - show the best value since 2001 (fig. 3).

World top performance 2001 - 2007 Winner in Freestyle Women, Men and Greco-Roman World Championships and Olympic Games

WQ (Pts./min) 2,5

2 1,5 1

0,5

change rules change rules 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 LF 1,5 1,2 1,5 1,4 1,7 1,9 1,6 GR 1,2 0,9 0,9 0,9 2,4 1,7 1,7 FS 1,1 1 1,2 1 1,2 1,4 1,3 LF GR FS

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 3: World top performance 2001 – 2007 in FS, GR and LF 5

The performance chart is almost identically with the Freestyle men one. However since years the female champions are demonstrating a higher technical level as the men. The small decrease of this value compared with Guangzhou is maybe attributed to the fact that the efficiency of the participants has been better.

2.1 Country-specific aspects

This statement will be supported with a longitudinal view by the following figure (fig.4). Some of the leading nations (Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan) have improved their performance since 2006 dramatically. Concerning the technical-tactical performance (attack and defence efficacy) they are meanwhile at eye level with the best nations (Japan and China). The improvement of the female wrestling of Kazakhstan is unbelievable because the improved there performance index from - 2.43 up to 0,34 since 2006.

The best Nations' Freestyle Women Technical-tactical performance WC 2001 - 2007 [WQ] - [neg. WQ] 1,5

1 JPN CHN 0,5 USA CAN RUS 0 UKR KAZ -0,5 -2,43 -1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 4: Technical-tactical performance 2001 – 2007 of the best nations 6

In the end, an improved quality of attack is also an indication of a higher attractiveness of combat behaviour (fig. 5). Russia, France, and China achieved best values in this parameter in 2007 close followed by Japan, Ukraine and Sweden. Kazakhstan, France, Ukraine, Russia and Sweden made the greatest strides in comparison with 2006. Kazakhstan as a newcomer was more successful in their attack abilities than for instance the established countries USA and Germany. Concerning the attack efficacy China, Japan, USA and Canada had to suffer losses since 2006.

Attack efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006

[WQ pts./min] 2,5

1,5

0,5

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 1,31 0,98 1,3 1,41 0,53 0,94 1,43 1,42 0,72 1,26 WC 2006 1,72 0,35 0,84 1,94 1,06 1,28 1,08 0,79 0,69 1,03

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 5: Attack efficacy of the best nations comparison WC 2007 and WC 2006

If we compare these values with those of the Junior World Championships we can consider not even better attacking abilities by the junior wrestlers (fig. 6). This is interesting because it is contrary to the Freestyle Men situation. On the other hand the attack efficacy of the young generation of China, Russia, Japan, Ukraine and Sweden is remarkable. Even the young girls from the USA, Poland, Mongolia and India are better than the senior wrestlers.

Attack efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007

[WQ pts./min] 2

1,5

0,5

0 JPN KAZUKRCHN USA CAN RUS FRA GERSWE POLMGL IND WC 2007 1,31 0,98 1,3 1,41 0,53 0,94 1,43 1,42 0,72 1,26 0,51 0,62 0,3 JWC 2007 1,21 0,89 1,1 1,64 1,23 0,74 1,53 0,55 0,62 1,2 1 0,8 0,64

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 6: Attack efficacy of the best nations comparison WC 2007 and JWC 2007

Defence efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006

[neg WQ ] 0

-0,5

-1

-1,5

-2

-2,5

-3 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 -0,34 -0,64 -0,63 -0,55 -0,64 -0,68 -0,54 -1,06 -0,96 -0,9 WC 2006 -0,3 -2,78 -0,76 -0,75 -0,77 -0,92 -0,9 -1,15 -0,71 -0,73

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 7: Defence efficacy of the best nations comparison WC 2007 and WC 2006 8

It could be of interest for us to have a look to the defence efficacy of the Senior World Championships 2007 in comparison to 2006 (fig. 7). The best nations are very stable against the attacking opponents in 2007 as well as 2006 with one exception, Kazakhstan. The women of Kazakhstan gained the biggest progress in the defence quality I ever have seen. They let 2006 their opponents -- 2.78 points per minute and 2007 it was only –0.64. With this value they are at eye level with the best nations. Still, as ever the female wrestlers of Japan are the best of the world in defence efficacy. It is no wonder that the junior wrestlers are not so stable in their defence as the senior wrestlers (fig. 8). The young girls from France and Germany as well as the girls from USA, Japan, Canada, Kazakhstan and Mongolia are rather weak in their defence against their attacking opponents. On the other hand the young wrestlers from China and India are relatively stable in their defence behaviour and the young girls from China are almost as stable as their national colleagues in senior wrestling.

Defence efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007

[neg WQ ] 0

-0,2

-0,4

-0,6

-0,8

-1

-1,2

-1,4 JPN KAZUKRCHN USA CAN RUS FRA GERSWE POLMGL IND WC 2007 -0,34 -0,64 -0,63 -0,55 -0,64 -0,68 -0,54 -1,06 -0,96 -0,9 -0,64 -0,84 -1,25 JWC 2007 -1 -1 -0,77 -0,5 -1,02 -1 -0,88 -1,21 -1,06 -0,88 -0,93 -0,99 -0,68

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 8: Defence efficacy of the best nations in comparison to WC 2007 and JWC 2007

We could see at the beginning of the presentation in a longitudinal approach (fig.4) the development of the wrestling efficacy of the best nations since 2001. The wrestling efficacy with the parameter “Performance index” informs us about the 9 quality of attacking in relation to the defence stability during the World Championships 2007 in Baku (fig. 9).

Fighting efficacy certain nations' FS Women

WC 2007 [WQ and -WQ) 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WQ 2007 1,31 0,98 1,3 1,41 0,53 0,94 1,43 1,42 0,72 1,26 neg.WQ 0,34 0,64 0,63 0,55 0,64 0,68 0,54 1,06 0,96 0,9

p.index. 0,97 0,34 0,67 0,87 0,19 0,27 0,90 0,36 -0,23 0,35

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 9: Fighting efficacy of the best nations WC 2007

Concerning the wrestling efficacy Japan is 2007 still the best nation as ever (0.97). Russia (0.90) and China (0.87) are hard on the heels of the Japanese.

2.2 Combat behaviour of the Winner

Before analyzing the behaviour of the masters we will have a quick look at the quality of points of all participants 2006 and 2007 (fig.10). In Female Wrestling we have a very stable level of the competition behaviour and the using of rules. There is a little increasing of the number of bouts and points (we had 2007 36 bouts and 104 points more than 2006). But the number of points per bouts is 2007 lower as 2006 (6.8 to 7.5). The reason is the increasing of the one point actions in relation to the three point actions.

Quality of Points (all participants)

WC 2006 and WC 2007 FS Women Pts. 100% 1 3 120 103

80% 232 217

60% 5 Pts. 3 Pts. 2 Pts. 40% 1 Pt. 637 752

20%

0% WC 2006 WC 2007 bouts:192 Pts.: 1436 Pts./bout:7,5 bouts:228 Pts.: 1540 Pts./bout:6,8 FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 10: Quality of points WC 2006 and WC 2007

Quality of Points (winner)

WC 2006 and WC 2007 FS Women Pts. 100% 00 12 12

80% 36 33

60% 5 Pts. 3 Pts. 2 Pts. 40% 1 Pt. 113 96

20%

0% WC 2006 WC 2007 bouts:31 Pts.: 221 Pts./bout: 7,1 bouts:34 Pts.: 198 Pts./bout: 5,8 FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 11: Quality of points of the winner WC 2006 and WC 2007 11

With 24 Clinch points in 2006 and 30 Clinch points in 2007 we have a little increase but we have had some more bouts. In general concerning the clinches we have in female wrestling a moderate relation, by the way the same as in Freestyle Wrestling men. If we are looking at the quality of points of the winner, we see the same picture like 2006 (fig.11). Interesting is the fact that the winner realized in average 1.3 point per bout less as in 2006. The decrease of these values 2007 is a further hint for the higher demands on the wrestlers in Baku. The world champions 2007 scored less points per minute in average than those of 2006 (1.63 to 1.9). At the same time the value for the defence ability is constant for both years (0,25). that means the decrease of the winner’s performance index takes it toll on the attacking efficacy. This is another evidence for the influence of the qualification mode during the World Championships 2007 (fig. 12)

Winner Freestyle Women

Technical-tactical performance 2001 - 2007 [WQ] - [neg. WQ] 2

1,5

WQ 1 neg. WQ

index

0,5

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 WQ 1,48 1,23 1,53 1,38 1,73 1,9 1,63 neg. WQ 0,24 0,29 0,15 0,23 0,17 0,25 0,25 index 1,23 0,94 1,37 1,15 1,56 1,65 1,38

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 12: Technical-tactical performance of the winner

If we compare the performance of the different World Champions in 2007 (fig. 13) we have to emphasize Yoshida (1.81) and Zlateva (1.58) in the Olympic classes and Sakamoto (3,2!) in the 51kg weight class. 12

Winner Freestyle Women Technical-tactical performance World Championships 2007

Pts./min 3

2,5

2 WQ 1,5 neg. WQ index 1

0,5

0 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg WQ 0,74 3,41 2,14 2,04 1,25 1,44 1,83 neg. WQ 0,14 0,21 0,33 0,56 0,2 0,2 0,24 index 0,6 3,2 1,81 1,49 1,05 1,24 1,58

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 13: Technical-tactical performance of the winner WC 2007

Once again we have to emphasize Saori Yoshida. The Saori Yoshida is following the footsteps of the great Alexander Karelin as she never lost an international bout. On the one hand side the footsteps are still a little bit too big, but on the other hand Saori Yoshida is more beautiful than he.

吉田沙保里はアレクサンダー・ケレリンの足跡を追っている。今はまだその記録に

は遠く及ばない。しかし、いつか吉田沙保里はカレリンより美人な王者になってい

ることでしょう。

If we put the attack efficacy of the Senior World Champions opposite to the Junior World Champions it becomes clear again the encouraging level of the juniors (fig. 14). They are realizing 1,8 points per minute opposite to 1,63 of the Senior World Champions 2007. Outstanding the values of the Chinese Heavyweight Junior World Champion Wang with 4.61! points per minute. 13

Winner Freestyle Women Attack efficacy WC 2007 and JWC 2007

Pts./min 5

3 WQ WC 07 WQ JWC 07 2

0 44 kg 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg WQ WC 07 0,74 3,41 2,14 2,04 1,25 1,44 1,83 WQ JWC 07 1,63 1,84 1,57 2,49 1,37 1,11 1,63 4,61

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 14: Attack efficacy of the winner WC 2007 in comparison to JWC 2007

Winner Freestyle Women Defence efficacy WC 2007 and JWC 2007

Pts./min 0

-0,2

neg WQ WC -0,4 neg WQ JWC

-0,6

-0,8 44 kg 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg neg WQ WC -0,14 -0,21 -0,33 -0,56 -0,2 -0,2 -0,24 neg WQ JWC -0,44 0 -0,56 -0,73 -0,28 -0,39 -0,25 -0,24

FILA-Competence Centre

Fig 15: Defence efficacy of the winner WC 2007 in comparison to JWC 2007 14

Remarkable the very good defence efficacy of the 2007 Junior World Champions (neg. WQ of 0,35 to 0,25 of the Seniors). The Junior World Champion 48 kg Sofia Mattson (SWE) let their opponents no one point see fig. 15. The Junior World Champions Wang (CHN, 72kg), Laushkina (RUS, 67kg) and LI, Sang (CHN, 59kg) are very stable against the attacks of their opponents.

3. Individual world top performances under technical-tactical aspects on the basic of video clips

The following video clips provide a comprehensive insight into the technical-tactical highlights of these world championships. Double leg attack - SWE-JAP (clip 1) Hip head lock - UKR – RUS (clip 2) Sweep throw SWE – HUN (clip 3) Double leg attack – POL – KAZ (clip 4) Leg attack LAT –CHN (clip 5)

In Junior Female Wrestling too we could see an impressive development of technical tactical behaviour as the following video clips are demonstrating: Backward bending with leg hook – CHN – BLR (clip 6) Head hip lock – SWE- CHN (clip 7) fighting until the last second in the third round - POL – CHN (clip 8) (maybe a chinese tactic) Finally as an optimistic forward look at the future I would like to show you an attractive bout as an example of FILA’s philosophy - COL JAP (clip 9).

On the way to Beijing 2008 Coaches Clinic Tokyo

Analysis of the World Championships 2007 Freestyle Women

Prof. Dr. Harold Tünnemann FILA Competence - Centre

Analysis of the Female’s freestyle World Championships 2007

1. Country-specific aspects of performance in competition 2. Qualitative analysis of combat behaviour 2.1 Country-specific aspects 2.2 Combat behaviour of the Winner

3. Individual world top performances under technical-tactical aspects on the basic of video clips

1 1. Country-specific aspects of performance in competition The 2007 Senior World Championships in Baku were especially characterized by fighting for the direct Olympic Games Qualification. Therefore we have had a new record of participants and we could see also a very hard fighting for the Qualification. In the connection with the Olympic Qualification it is Ukraine with the outstanding result of 4 places for Beijing.

But also the wrestlers from China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Sweden and USA with 3 qualifications could be satisfied. Japan missed the expected fourth qualification in 72kg but it was not only the fault of Hamaguchi, the involved referee’s did not had their best performance at that day if you ask me.

It is very good to see that 16 from 20 participating countries could gain at least one qualification. Among these there are two countries from South America (Columbia and Venezuela). Congratulation to all these countries, wrestlers and coaches.

Kazakhstan and France could improve dramatically as teams.

2 The best Nations' LF

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006 Pts. 70

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 52 39 39 36 32 31 31 26 16 16 WC 2006 67 0 22 41 22 30 28 3 23 19

sorted by FILA - ranking ( 1. place - 10 Pts.;10. place - 1 Pt.)

FILA-Competence Centre

Just one year before the Olympic Games 2008 is the question interesting how successful are the leading nations in developing their new generation. Some of the best Junior World Champions could have the chance to enter the Olympic Stage. Therefore we will integrate the performance of the Junior World Championships in this analyze. The most of the ten best Nations from the Senior World Championships are belonging to the best nations of the Junior World Championships in Beijing.

3 The best Nations' LF

Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007 Pts. 80

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE POL MGL IND WC 2007 52 39 39 36 32 31 31 26 16 16 9 9 0 JWC 2007 12 21 43 68 36 20 59 0 6 36 19 16 21

sorted by FILA - ranking ( 1. place - 10 Pts.;10. place - 1 Pt.)

FILA-Competence Centre

2. Qualitative analysis of combat behaviour

The Female championships, like the ones in Freestyle men and Greco Roman wrestling have been characterized by current changes to the rules. Other than in Greco-Roman wrestling, there are considerably less problems with the realization of the new rules and so the impacts on the quality of combat behaviour have been lower.

4 Coaches and athletes have adapted to the new competitions rules and they have modified training regarding the special strength and endurance abilities as well as the technical-tactical challenges. The realisation of 4 to 5 bouts a day requires enormous improvements of the special physical conditional abilities. As the results show, these requirements meet best with the training philosophy of the best nations.

It is a positive surprise that in Baku like already in Guangzhou one parameter of the quality of wrestling - the average number of scored points per minute of bout - show the best value since 2001 .The performance chart is almost identically with the Freestyle men one.

5 World top performance 2001 - 2007 Winner in Freestyle Women, Men and Greco-Roman World Championships and Olympic Games

WQ (Pts./min) 2,5

2 1,5 1

0,5

change rules change rules 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 LF 1,5 1,2 1,5 1,4 1,7 1,9 1,6 GR 1,2 0,9 0,9 0,9 2,4 1,7 1,7 FS 1,1 1 1,2 1 1,2 1,4 1,3 LF GR FS

FILA-Competence Centre

2.1 country-specific aspects

This statement will be supported with a longitudinal view by the following figure.

6 The best Nations' Freestyle Women Technical-tactical performance WC 2001 - 2007 [WQ] - [neg. WQ] 1,5

1 JPN CHN 0,5 USA CAN RUS 0 UKR KAZ -0,5 -2,43 -1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FILA-Competence Centre

In the end, an improved quality of attack is also an indication of a higher attractiveness of combat behaviour.

7 Attack efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006

[WQ pts./min] 2,5

1,5

0,5

0 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 1,31 0,98 1,3 1,41 0,53 0,94 1,43 1,42 0,72 1,26 WC 2006 1,72 0,35 0,84 1,94 1,06 1,28 1,08 0,79 0,69 1,03

FILA-Competence Centre

If we compare these values with those of the Junior World Championships we can consider not even better attacking abilities by the junior wrestlers.

8 Attack efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007

[WQ pts./min] 2

1,5

0,5

0 JPN KAZUKRCHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE POLMGL IND WC 2007 1,31 0,98 1,3 1,41 0,53 0,94 1,43 1,42 0,72 1,26 0,51 0,62 0,3 JWC 2007 1,21 0,89 1,1 1,64 1,23 0,74 1,53 0,55 0,62 1,2 1 0,8 0,64

FILA-Competence Centre

It could be of interest for us to have a look to the defence efficacy of the Senior World Championships 2007 in comparison to 2006. The best nations are very stable against the attacking opponents in 2007 as well as 2006 with one exception, Kazakhstan.

9 Defence efficacy certain nations' FS Women

Comparison WC 2007 to WC 2006

[neg WQ ] 0

-0,5

-1

-1,5

-2

-2,5

-3 JPN KAZ UKR CHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE WC 2007 -0,34 -0,64 -0,63 -0,55 -0,64 -0,68 -0,54 -1,06 -0,96 -0,9 WC 2006 -0,3 -2,78 -0,76 -0,75 -0,77 -0,92 -0,9 -1,15 -0,71 -0,73

FILA-Competence Centre

It is no wonder that the junior wrestlers are not so stable in their defence as the Seniors wrestlers.

10 Defence efficacy certain nations' FS Women Comparison WC 2007 to JWC 2007

[neg WQ ] 0

-0,2

-0,4

-0,6

-0,8

-1

-1,2

-1,4 JPN KAZUKRCHN USA CAN RUS FRA GER SWE POLMGL IND WC 2007 -0,34 -0,64 -0,63 -0,55 -0,64 -0,68 -0,54 -1,06 -0,96 -0,9 -0,64 -0,84 -1,25 JWC 2007 -1 -1 -0,77 -0,5 -1,02 -1 -0,88 -1,21 -1,06 -0,88 -0,93 -0,99 -0,68

FILA-Competence Centre

We could see at the beginning of the presentation in a longitudinal approach the development of the wrestling efficacy of the best nations since 2001. The best Nations' Freestyle Women Technical-tactical performance WC 2001 - 2007 [WQ] - [neg. WQ] 1,5

1 JPN CHN 0,5 USA CAN RUS 0 UKR KAZ -0,5 -2,43 -1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

FILA-Competence Centre

11 The wrestling efficacy with the parameter “Performance index” informs us about the quality of attacking in relation to the defence stability during the World Championships 2007 in Baku.

Fighting efficacy certain nations' FS Women

FILA-Competence Centre

12 2.2 Combat behaviour of the Winner

Before analyzing the behaviour of the masters we will have a quick look at the quality of points of all participants 2006 and 2007.

Quality of Points (all participants)

WC 2006 and WC 2007 FS Women Pts. 100% 1 3 120 103

80% 232 217

60% 5 Pts. 3 Pts. 2 Pts. 40% 1 Pt. 637 752

20%

0% WC 2006 WC 2007 bouts:192 Pts.: 1436 Pts./bout:7,5 bouts:228 Pts.: 1540 Pts./bout:6,8 FILA-Competence Centre

13 With 24 Clinch points in 2006 and 30 Clinch points in 2007 we have a little increase but we have had some more bouts. In general concerning the clinches we have in female wrestling a moderate relation, by the way the same as in Freestyle Wrestling men.

If we are looking at the quality of points of the winner we see the same picture like 2006.

Quality of Points (winner)

WC 2006 and WC 2007 FS Women Pts. 100% 00 12 12

80% 36 33

60% 5 Pts. 3 Pts. 2 Pts. 40% 1 Pt. 113 96

20%

0% WC 2006 WC 2007 bouts:31 Pts.: 221 Pts./bout: 7,1 bouts:34 Pts.: 198 Pts./bout: 5,8

FILA-Competence Centre

14 The world champions 2007 scored less points per minute in average than those of 2006 ( 1,63 to 1,9). At the same time the value for the defence ability is constant for both years (0,25).

Winner Freestyle Women

Technical-tactical performance 2001 - 2007 [WQ] - [neg. WQ] 2

1,5

WQ 1 neg. WQ

index

0,5

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 WQ 1,48 1,23 1,53 1,38 1,73 1,9 1,63 neg. WQ 0,24 0,29 0,15 0,23 0,17 0,25 0,25 index 1,23 0,94 1,37 1,15 1,56 1,65 1,38

FILA-Competence Centre

15 We compare the performance of the different World Champions in 2007.

Winner Freestyle Women Technical-tactical performance World Championships 2007

Pts./min 3

2,5

2 WQ 1,5 neg. WQ index 1

0,5

0 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg WQ 0,74 3,41 2,14 2,04 1,25 1,44 1,83 neg. WQ 0,14 0,21 0,33 0,56 0,2 0,2 0,24 index 0,6 3,2 1,81 1,49 1,05 1,24 1,58

FILA-Competence Centre

16 Once again we have to emphasize Saori Yoshida. The Saori Yoshida is following the footsteps of the great Alexander Karelin as she never lost an international bout. On the one hand side the footsteps are still a little bit too big, but on the other hand Saori Yoshida is more beautiful than he.

吉田沙保里はアレクサンダー・ケレリンの足跡を追っている。今はまだその記録には遠く及ばない。しかし、いつか吉田沙保里はカレリンより美人な王者になっていることでしょう。

If we put the attack efficacy of the Senior World Champions opposite to the Junior World Champions it becomes clear again the encouraging level of the juniors.

17 Winner Freestyle Women Attack efficacy WC 2007 and JWC 2007

Pts./min 5

3 WQ WC 07 WQ JWC 07 2

0 44 kg 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg WQ WC 07 0,74 3,41 2,14 2,04 1,25 1,44 1,83 WQ JWC 07 1,63 1,84 1,57 2,49 1,37 1,11 1,63 4,61

FILA-Competence Centre

18 Winner Freestyle Women Defence efficacy WC 2007 and JWC 2007

Pts./min 0

-0,2

neg WQ WC -0,4 neg WQ JWC

-0,6

-0,8 44 kg 48 kg 51 kg 55 kg 59 kg 63 kg 67 kg 72 kg neg WQ WC -0,14 -0,21 -0,33 -0,56 -0,2 -0,2 -0,24 neg WQ JWC -0,44 0 -0,56 -0,73 -0,28 -0,39 -0,25 -0,24

FILA-Competence Centre

3. Individual world top performances under technical-tactical aspects on the basic of video clips

The following video clips provide a comprehensive insight into the technical-tactical highlights of these world championships.

19 Double leg attack

SWE - JAP

Hip head lock

UKR - RUS

20 Sweep throw

SWE - HUN

Double leg attack

POL - KAZ

21 Leg attack

LAT - CHN

In Junior Female Wrestling too we could see an impressive development of technical tactical behaviour as the following video clips are demonstrating:

Backward bending with leg hook

CHN - BLR

22 head hip lock

SWE - CHN

fighting until the last second in the third round!

POL - CHN

23 Finally as an optimistic forward look at the future I would like to show you an attractive bout as an example of FILA’s philosophy.

COL - JPN

24 The role of psychological Determined and tactical training for wining

The work of a coach is a complex and creative pedagogical activity, which is much more comprehensive than the work of a schoolteacher. At the training process the tasks set before the coach are closely interconnected with the development of physical capacities, technical skills, psychological soundness, and stimulation of diversity of tactical thinking of wrestler. For preparing a champion of international qualification passing of all the above –mentioned characteristics to the wrestler by the coach is required. All the above-mentioned characteristics are mutually interconnected and represent one entity. Development of psychological soundness and will power with ordinary young men, a wrestler, demands from the coach years of creative work. Psychological soundness is a guarantee for successful exercise of methods necessary for the realization of tactical actions. At different cycles of preparation for stereotyped development of psychological soundness with a wrestler, the coach schedules different competition and tournaments. At each competition or tournament specific tasks are being put forward by the coach, before the given wrestler. The coach, putting before the wrestler a specific task takes into account the capacities of the wrestler. This approach develops the sense of responsibility with the wrestler and promotes the psychological soundness. For achieving good results (in the increase of psychological soundness) different tasks should be set before the sportsman.

FOR EXAMPLE 1. Participation in different competitions 2. Performance at each match 3. Execution of a specific technical element 4. Assignment on correct technical thinking necessary for realization of different combinations technical holds. 5. Assignment on realizing an attack by speed-strength during the bout. 6. Defense from the specific technical attack of an opponent etc.

The personality and the skills of the coach play an essential role in the training of psychology and will power of a wrestler. If the coach displays exemplary qualities and paternal care from the very beginning of trainings, then in 3-4 years the sportsman would be fanatically eager to fulfill the requirements set by the coach during the trainings. The famous Brazilian football player Pele says: “My coach was like a father for me …I was playing for my coach”. Such unique wrestlers as A.Karelin, J.Smith, A.Fadzaev, V.Ioranov, Kerim and other champions can make the same statement. For a victory at the competitions not an elite wrestler can fully display his technical skills, if the latter are not interconnected with tactical capacities. The tactics of a wrestler is the capacity of accomplishing the planned technical action. The tactical combinations are as diverse as the technical actions in wrestling.

Thus the tactical variation and combinations are directly interconnected with the technical actions. For developing and perfecting the technical ant tactical skills of a wrestler, creative approach at the teaching process should be displayed by the coach. The coach starts to teach the tactical elements ant train the psychology of the wrestler more seriously by the second year of training when a young wrestler starts to participate in the competition of schoolboys and cadets. Every time when designing the tactical plan for the participation in a competition or a match, it is necessary to explain to the given wrestler the rules of competition. After each change or modification of the rules, the forms of tactical aims also get modified. Tactical goal is the capacity to get use of any permissible opportunity to surpass the opponent and win.

It is about two years that the modifications in the rules of Free Style wrestling and Women’s Wrestling took place, and more than a year that in Greco-Roman wrestling relevant modifications have been introduced. But the professional trainers are still in search for means and methods of effective adaptation to the above – mentioned modifications. With this purpose, it is proposed at the expense of enhance of speed – explosive actions, stimulate reduction of time for tactical thinking, effective solution of tasks set before the wrestler during the match. At the perfection of the technical combinations and imitation of actions of accelerated (explosive) manner of fulfillment of tactical actions. The same approach should be implemented at the perfection of the attacking skills, defense skills, during the test or training matches. At each training process it is necessary to perfect the speed of conducting of an action with the mannequin. At the same time exercise the methods of ‘’assignment’’ by the wrestlers both during the training process and the matches in competitions. Our survey verifies that for the stereotypes of tactical combinatory actions and for automation of the latter, as well as for exercising the latter during competitions, it is necessary to practice the same action for 3000 or 5000 times. During the same period of time it would be necessary also to try to realize the same action during 2 or 3 competitions – tournaments influence psychological the competitors. The coaches of the national teams have their specific tasks while training and participating in the competition. The tasks of coach are being developed based on the analysis of the optimal tasks set before each team member. Performance of a wrestler and the national team as a whole, as well as the achievement of good results depend on three people. • The coach residing in a country or working for a club • The coach of the national team • Wrestler

If the wrestler is being trained without any individual planning, the coach working with the club or the resident country is not professional. In that case the training of a wrestler cannot be comprehensive, if we do not take notice of the wrestler’s natural talents.

Training Plan according to Growth and Development

（Age 9～11 / 12～14）

Japan Wrestling Federation Grecoroman style coach, Medicine & Science Commission Takeshi Kukidome

Growth Development Curve（Scamonn）

180 Lymphatic System 160 Coaches are needed 140 （％） to acquire knowledge of growth development 120

100 Nervous System 80 60

40 Muscle/Frame System

20 Genital System

0 4 8 12 16 20 Age Development Curve (Scamonn)

1 School Boy（Age 9～11）

（１）Nervous system develops almost to those of adult （２）As so-called “Golden Age,” shows the quickest learning of technical acknowledgement （３）Differences among individuals start to be seen

Evaluate mainly focusing on nervous system

Develop and train nervous system and intellectual faculties

School Boy（Age 12～14）

（１）Faculties of muscle and stamina develop very rapidly, which enables the children with that rapid growth to be selected （２）It becomes possible to experience various kinds of exercise （３）Specific characteristics of sports start to be seen

Evaluate nervous, muscle and stamina system. Try to find the appropriate event.

2 Things to understand first

• The principle of training • The essentials of training • The prescription of training • The training plan according to growth development

The principle of training

Overload

Peculiarity Reversibility Timeliness

Although all the training is due to physiological adaptation to overload training, it is necessary to always regard three characters above.

3 Five essentials of training

Entireness

Gradualness Individuality

The essentials of training

Repetition Consciousness

In training, it is necessary to regard good balance of 5 essentials above.

The prescription of training

• Type • Strength • Quantity • Frequency • Background

4 Outline of Coaching

School Boy （Age ～15） Cadet （Age 15～18） Junior （Age 18～20） Senior （Age 20～）

Competition Essence (to be conscious of victory) Play (to know various kinds of exercise)

Interest

Target Understanding Consideration

Skillful movement Subject Basic movement of wrestling and training for basic strength Higher techniques and strength

■It is essential to take plenty of play during “School Boy” period in order to experience various kinds of exercise.

■During “School Boy” period, the target is to draw an interest into wrestling.

■During “School Boy” period, the subject is to acquire the skillful movement necessary for wrestling.

5 Phases for the Final Target

Coaches’ View Final Win in global Stage championships

Raise wrestlers of Junior global level

Youth Pick up do what is needed now to be of global level Childhood

No matter of which period athletes are when coaches first meet them, it is necessary for all coaches to set up the training plan with the final target to win in global championships

6 PLAN DO Practice/matches

Training Plan For primary and Jr High students

ACTION CHECK Targeting/adjustment Analysis/evaluation

Importance of Training Plan

In order to win at Championships, the minute strategic plan and its management is essential.

There lays the thinking of P/D/C/A. Coaches in any age and any region will have to adopt this way of thinking.

7 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Asian Games/ Olympic Asian Games/ Olympic Asian Games/ World World World World World World Olympic World games World games World Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship games Championship (Beijin) Championship (London) Championship

World World World World World World University University University University University University Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship World Ｊｒ World Ｊｒ World Ｊｒ World Ｊｒ World Ｊｒ World Ｊｒ Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship

Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Asian Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship Championship

→→→→→→→→ 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 9 1011121314151617181920 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 67891011121314151617 5678910111213141516

Developing plan followed by Strategies

ex) • Many of Japanese Gold medalists tend to be around the age of 26. • For the Olympic Games 2012, intensive training should be provided especially for wrestlers of age 18 to 20. • For the Olympic Games 2016, intensive training should be provided especially for wrestlers of age 14 to 16.

8 Training focused on nervous system, which adopt factors of play, is required during “Golden Age(12-14)”

Refer to DVD

9 1

FILA Coaches Clinic

November 2007

Tokyo

Technical-tactical preparation in Female Wrestling for the Olympic Games in Beijing on the basis of the DVD “Fascination Wrestling 2006”

1. General Tasks of a responsible Coach 2. Technical-tactical preparation

by Prof. Dr. Harold Tünnemann Director FILA-Competence Centre

1. General Tasks of a responsible coach

Nowadays the responsible coach has multifarious tasks. Of course he is the most important person for the athletes. In this connection he is a teacher, psychologist, organizer, father and mother at the same time. In the past Mr. Kazarjan, Schachmouradov, Jim Scherr and others informed us already in detail about the role of the coaches. Today I would like to present to you a multimedia product for supporting the coach to fulfil all his manifold tasks:

• Starting point is the fact that the coach is not only the responsible person for training and education but also a contact person for his environment.

• He is integrated into the daily work of his Federation. The president, the General Secretary, his colleagues etc. have questions and need answers.

• He has to contact the parents, the media and organizer of competitions. • He has work together with the doctor, the school, sponsors, journalists and many other persons.

• He has to organize the training camps, the coaches clinics, the extended vocational training.

• And he has to ensure his main tasks, to develop and control the training concepts, to prepare his athletes in an individualisation process for the yearly main competition, to organize the competition scouting and ensure the technical tactical analyzing of the main opponents

Even the coach can use a computer nowadays it is hard to coordinate all his tasks.

Just in this understanding we developed a multimedia tool, a DVD- ROM “Fascination Wrestling” to support the coaches for coordination their tasks (fig.1). 3

fig. 1 DVD cover

As you know the FILA video and database team during the last 15 years has supported the activities of the international wrestling federation with many innovations and multimedia products. Here we only want to mention the introduction of the video evidence on the occasion of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta (fig. 2), the design and development of the multimedia database since 1993 and the Internet presentation (fig. 3), the four editions of the CD-ROM “Fascination Wrestling” and finally the 50 educational highlights’ videos for the direct support of the work of the coaches and referees (fig 4).

fig. 2 video evidence in Sydney fig. 4 video cover 4

fig. 3 database internet version Thanks to the rapid development of multimedia technologies the new DVD-ROM “Fascination Wrestling” gives especially the coaches many options for an enhancement of their technical-tactical work. For this purpose more than 2.700 video clips have been linked to approximately 30.000 athletes’ profiles within our database. Before acquainting you with the details of the database please follow me on a virtual trip through the DVD. The core of the DVD is the database that offers coaches, athletes, referees, journalists, responsible persons in national and international associations, sponsors, p.e. teachers at schools and, of course, the many fans of our great sports a variety of searching options (fig. 5).

fig. 5 start page of the DVD 5

As part of the annual surveys you find all the official FILA championships of that year, starting with the Olympic Games 1896 in the Greek capitol Athens over the 2007 World Cup in Antalya until European Championships in April in the Bulgarian capitol Sofia (fig. 6).

fig. 6 competitions 2007

Let’s take the year 1998, where we, for example, can find the World Championship in Female Wrestling in Poznan (fig.7).

fig. 7 competitions 1998 Looking at the results and medal table (fig. 8) we find the famous Canadian Christine Nordhagen-Vierling (fig. 9) with a video against Ewelina Pruszko from Poland. (clip 1). 6

fig. 8 medal table WC 1998

fig. 9 video Nordhagen against Pruszko

The database of international wrestling championships is made up of more than 1.200 official FILA championships in all age-groups of the three Olympic wrestling styles (fig. 10.) In 2006, for the first time ever under the auspices of FILA, an international championship in beach-wrestling was arranged. Of course, you also find the results of this new event in the database.

Fig. 10 world championships including beach wrestling

You may search for the kind of championship, the style and age-group and these searching options can be combined in any way you wish. For the individual competition analysis this tools opens up a variety of options, for instance WC 2006 (fig. 11), medal winner (fig 12), video of Su Lihui (clip 2).

fig. 11 competitions 2006

fig. 12 medal table WC 2006

For the athletes’ database the biographies, pictures and video clips for more than 30.000 female and male wrestlers have been assembled. As an example I have chosen the extraordinary female wrestler Saori Yoshida from Japan. We find information on her biography (fig. 13), on her impressive wrestling career (fig. 14) and we also find videos showing us one of her techniques (clip 3).

Fig. 13 biography of Saori Yoshida

fig. 14 results of Saori Yoshida

For journalists the career of the first female Olympic wrestling champion Irina Melnik- Merlini (UKR) might be of interest. We all remember her emotional reaction in the Olympic final 2004 in Athens when the referee declared her as the winner and Olympic champion (fig. 15) (clip 4). This video is presented on the special Olympic edition of the “Fascination Wrestling” number 4 CD-ROM (fig 16).

fig. 15 first female Olympic champion in the history Irina Melnik-Merlini

Fig. 16 cover of the olympic edition

Applying selected special statistical options journalists or the national federation also may ask the coach to search for the most successful wrestlers of a certain period. In our example we were looking for the most successful wrestlers for the period 1987 until 2006 in Female World Championships. Among more than 100 wrestlers who won medals during that period Christine Nordhagen-Vierling of Canada ranked first, followed by the wrestling stars Yayoi Urano and Kyoko Hamaguchi of Japan (fig. 17).

fig. 17 best female wrestlers 1987 - 2006

In addition, behind the button Countries you can also search for the most successful wrestling nations. 11

Thus national association or national Olympic committees can look for the results of their wrestlers for defined periods of time. In our example of the nations’ ranking by medals won Japan is ranked first with 99 followed by France with 46 and China with 36. (fig.18). This is the medal standing until 2006, if we integrate the WC 2007 Japan has topped the hundred!

fig. 18 best countries in female wrestling WC 1987 – 2006

It is of course very easy to ask maybe for the same period of 1987 to 2006 for the best countries in Asia or Africa. The most successful countries on the basis of the Asian Championships are Japan, China and Mongolia (fig. 19), of African Championships it is Tunisia, Senegal and Egypt (fig. 20).

Fig. 19 best countries Asian Championships 1987 - 2006 12

fig. 20 best countries African Championships 1987 – 2006

But let’s now return to the opening page of the DVD. As part of promotion actions to present our great sport of wrestling to sponsors or at schools often a short and easy to understand video showing the major highlights of modern wrestling’s development is required. Therefore we have produced a nine- minute video clip with several chapters on the history of modern wrestling starting in Ancient times, presenting wrestling in medieval times, of course giving a short introduction into the three Olympic wrestling styles and finally giving a quick survey of scientific findings related to wrestling (fig. 21).

Fig. 21 nine minute video of history

2. Technical-tactical preparation especially for the Olympic Games in Beijing

An increasing variety of wrestling techniques and movement precision when applying a certain techniques have become typical features of female wrestling during the last years. The following two videos with the Wrestling Technique “Bending backward with leg hook” illustrate this finding of our analyses. (clip 5 and 6). For the purpose of an individualized preparation for the next competition coaches and athletes rely on a database of wrestling techniques (throws, holds and other techniques) (fig. 22). There is a selection of about 2.700 video clips which can be applied to analyze the next opponents and to prepare for the next championship.

fig. 22 database of techniques

Let us have a look at one of the large amount of techniques, the Inside and Outside leg hook. It is an interesting technique as well as for juniors and masters. These techniques have been very popular in the past as we can see on the following examples (Beloglasov fig. 23, Ashuraliev fig. 24).

Fig. 23 Outside leg hook of Anatoly Beloglasov

fig. 24 Inside leg hook of R. Aschuraliev

These techniques are going through a second youth in female wrestling as the following examples are demonstrating: Volusseva, RUS (clip 10) Karlsson, SWE 11), Mendez, ESP (clip 12 and 13) and Vriony,GRE (clip 14). Everybody knows that against each attack there is the possibility to counter as we can see in the following examples. Kang, KOR (clip 15).

For the direct preparation of the Olympic Games the coaches want to study the technical tactical performance of the main opponents. With this DVD they are able to 15 choose a given opponent out of the athletes database and they can study than sometimes together with his athlete the various techniques in various competitions, for instance the offensive and defensive techniques of Natalya Golts (fig. 25 and some video clips).

fig. 25 offensive and defensive techniques of Natalya Golts

If somebody has to wrestle against Natalya Golts should know she has a great technical tactical variety. 1. Hip throw – Bechtel GER 2002 and Gomis FRA 2006 2. Take down and crotch lift Hoei NOR 2005 3. Double leg attack and duck under – Gomis FRA 2005

Some problems in the defence stability give chances to her opponents. 1. Inside leg hook and throw – Karlsson SWE 2006 2. Double leg attack – Yoshida JPN 2006 and Su Lihui CHN 2005 3. Hip head lock – Icho JPN 2002

Concluding I have a request on my own behalf. Since 1993 the database has been developed on completed continuously. This process has been supported by many wrestling experts and fans from all corners of the earth. But with our more than 30.000 wrestlers in the database we are aware of the fact that some incorrectness’s certainly still have not been detected. Therefore we kindly invite anybody to support 16 us in improving the quality of the database which serves the whole international wrestling family. Please check the names and the video clips of your wrestlers and let us now whenever you can support our approach to develop an absolutely correct international wrestling database.

Technical-tactical preparation in Female Wrestling for the Olympic Games in Beijing on the basis of the DVD “Fascination Wrestling 2006”

Prof. Dr. Harold Tünnemann Direktor FILA Competence Centre

General Tasks of a responsible Coach

Technical-tactical preparation

1 1. Tasks of a responsible coach

In the past Mr. Kazarjan, Schachmouradov, Scherr and others informed us already in detail about the role of the coaches. Today I would like to present to you a multimedia product for supporting the coach to fulfil all his manifold tasks.

¾Starting point is the fact that the coach is not only the responsible person for training and education but also a contact person for his environment.

¾He is integrated into the daily work of his Federation. The president, the General Secretary, his colleagues etc. have questions and need answers.

¾He has to contact the parents, the media and organizer of competition.

¾He has work together with the doctor, the school, sponsors, journalists and many other persons.

2 ¾He has to organize the training camps, the coaches clinics, the extended vocational training.

¾And he has to ensure his main tasks, to develop and control the training concepts, to prepare his athletes in an individualisation process for the yearly main competition, to organize the competition scouting and ensure the technical tactical analyzing of the main opponents

Even the coach can use a computer nowadays it is hard to coordinate all his tasks.

Just in this understanding we developed a multimedia tool, a DVD- ROM “Fascination Wrestling” to support the coaches for coordination their tasks.

3 As you know the FILA video and database team during the last 15 years has supported the activities of the international wrestling federation with many innovations and multimedia products. Here we only want to mention the introduction of the video evidence on the occasion of the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta.

4 5 Thanks to the rapid development of multimedia technologies the new DVD-ROM “Fascination Wrestling” gives especially the coaches many options for an enhancement of their technical-tactical work. For this purpose more than 2.700 video clips have been linked to approximately 30.000 athletes’ profiles within our database. Before acquainting you with the details of the database please follow me on a virtual trip through the DVD.

6 The core of the DVD is the database that offers coaches, athletes, referees, journalists, responsible persons in national and international associations, sponsors, p.e. teachers at schools and, of course, the many fans of our great sports a variety of searching options.

7 As part of the annual surveys you find all the official FILA championships of that year, starting with the Olympic Games 1896 in the Greek capitol Athens over the 2007 World Cup in Antalya until European Championships in April in the Bulgarian capitol Sofia.

8 Let’s take the year 1998, where we, for example, can find the World Championship in Female Wrestling in Poznan. Looking at the results and medal table we find the famous Canadian Christine Nordhagen- Vierling with a video against Ewelina Pruszko from Poland.

9 10 The database of international wrestling championships is made up of more than 1.200 official FILA championships in all age-groups of the three Olympic wrestling styles. In 2006, for the first time ever under the auspices of FILA, an international championship in beach- wrestling was arranged. Of course, you also find the results of this new event in the database.

11 You may search for the kind of championship, the style and age-group and these searching options can be combined in any way you wish. For the individual competition analysis this tools opens up a variety of options, for instance WC 2006, medal winner and a video of Su Lihui.

12 13 For the athletes’ database the biographies, pictures and video clips for more than 30.000 female and male wrestlers have been assembled. As an example I have chosen the extraordinary female wrestler Saori Yoshida from Japan. We find information on her biography, on her impressive wrestling career and we also find videos showing us one of her techniques.

14 15 For journalists the career of the first female Olympic wrestling champion Irina Melnik-Merlini (UKR) might be of interest. We all remember her emotional reaction in the Olympic final 2004 in Athens when the referee declared her as the winner and Olympic champion. This video is presented on the special Olympic edition of the “Fascination Wrestling” number 4 CD-ROM.

16 Applying selected special statistical options journalists or the national federation also may ask the coach to search for the most successful wrestlers of a certain period. In our example we were looking for the most successful wrestlers for the period 1987 until 2006 in Female World Championships. Among more than 100 wrestlers who won medals during that period Christine Nordhagen-Vierling of Canada ranked first, followed by the wrestling stars Yayoi Urano and Kyoko Hamaguchi of Japan.

17 In addition, behind the button Countries you can also search for the most successful wrestling nations. Thus national association or national Olympic committees can look for the results of their wrestlers for defined periods of time. In our example of the nations’ ranking by medals won Japan is ranked first with 99 followed by France with 46 and China with 36. This is the medal standing until 2006, if we integrate the WC 2007 Japan has topped the hundred!

18 It is of course very easy to ask maybe for the same period of 1987 to 2006 for the best countries in Asia or Africa. The most successful countries on the basis of the Asian Championships are Japan, China and Mongolia, of African Championships it is Tunisia, Senegal and Egypt.

19 20 But let’s now return to the opening page of the DVD

21 As part of promotion actions to present our great sport of wrestling to sponsors or at schools often a short and easy to understand video showing the major highlights of modern wrestling’s development is required. Therefore we have produced a nine-minute video clip with several chapters on the history of modern wrestling starting in Ancient times, presenting wrestling in medieval times, of course giving a short introduction into the three Olympic wrestling styles and finally giving a quick survey of scientific findings related to wrestling.

22 2. Technical-tactical preparation especially for the Olympic Games in Beijing

23 For the purpose of an individualized preparation for the next competition coaches and athletes rely on a database of wrestling techniques (throws, holds and other techniques). There is a selection of about 2.700 video clips which can be applied to analyze the next opponents and to prepare for the next championships. Let us have a look at one of the large amount of techniques, the Inside and Outside leg hook. It is an interesting technique as well as for juniors and masters.

24 25 Concluding I have a request on my own behalf. Since 1993 the database has been developed on completed continuously. This process has been supported by many wrestling experts and fans from all corners of the earth. But with our more than 30.000 wrestlers in the database we are aware of the fact that some incorrectness’s certainly still have not been detected. Therefore we kindly invite anybody to support us in improving the quality of the database which serves the whole international wrestling family. Please check the names of your wrestlers and let us now whenever you can support our approach to develop an absolutely correct international wrestling database.

Thank you for your co-operation and your attention!

26 2007 FILA Wrestling Coach Clinic

Wrestlers Weight Reduction －Recovery After Competition－

Japan Wrestling Association 理事 Shojiro SHIMODA

Conditioning is fundamental in competing In a sport where competition finishes in 1 day such as wrestling, food intake after weigh-in and during competition is an essential aspect of conditioning.

Tactics Skill Strength and Stamina Condition

1 The role of meals and nutrition

Energy Source Carbohydrates Fat Protein

Physical Development Conditioning Protein Vitamins、Minerals Minerals Fiber、Hydration Vitamins

The most important nutrition • Energy from cabohydrates

It is important to eat a lot of RICE, BREAD, PASTA, ETC.

2 The importance of carbohydrate intake

The importance of high gloycogen stores in the body

3 IdeasIdeas aboutabout hydrationhydration

and methods of water

intakeintake

Effects of insufficient water intake

Decrease in exercise ability Loss of appetite due to dehydration

Decrease in condition

4 Weigh before and Appropriate Water Intake after training

During Training After Training Before Training Before Training Every １５～３０ mins Take into account weight １～２ Cups １～２ Cups loss from exercise Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water

Training

• With high perspiration use sports drink with added minerals and sugar. • Amount changes depending on temperature, humidity, condition, and individuals. Coach each athlete according to his/her needs. • Have water breaks. • In young athletes condition can change easily and individual differences are large. Coach appropriately.

When an athlete feels thirsty, exercise performance has already decreased

5 There is a high risk of dehydration after weigh-in

Water intake after weigh-in might not be enough

Comparison between nutrition from meals and 100% juice

Energy Protein Fat Carbs Calcium Iron Vit A Vit B1 Vit Ｂ２ VitＣ Fiber

（ｋｃａｌ）（ｇ）（ｇ）（ｇ）（mｇ）（mｇ）（REμ （mｇ）（mｇ）（mｇ）（ｇ）ｇ）

Meal 210 11.5 8.9 20.1 122 1.0 162 0.20 0.20 16 1.2 （200ｇ） 100%Oranje 100%Oranje 84 1.4 0.2 21.4 18 0.2 16 0.14 0.04 84 0.4 Juice（200g）

Good for vitamin supplement

6 NOTE Prioritize necessary nutrients

Stomach size is constant. So you can eat enough meals、 Check water intake during training

Do not do excessive weight reduction for juvenile athletes

7 Meals approaching competition

水分摂取として適しているもの

Something that replenishes water and minerlas

水 Sports Drinks DON’T DRINK THESE TOO MUCH (added minerals and sugar)

Soda・Caffeine (Diuretic effects from Coffee and Tea)

8 For energy replenishment Nutrients for gylycogen ＝ Carbohydrates

Rice ・ Mochi ・ Dango Bread ・Sweet Bread・Castella

Noodles Potato Fruit・100% Juice

Dinner the day ･･･Lots of Carbohydrates before competition

・Rice Carbohydrates ・Udon ・Natto ・Fried fish Protein Minerals 量は少なめに。・Milk Vitamins 脂質多いものは避ける。・Vegetables AVOID THESE Minerals ・Juice Vitamins ・Raw Food (fish and eggs could upset the stomach) ・Oily Food･･･Hard to digest Reduces digestion speed of carbohydrates

9 Competition day ･･･Lots of carbohydrates. breakfast Finish eating 3–4 hours before competition

・Rice Ball ・Noodles ・Eggs ・100%Juice ・Banana

Eating and Drinking up until competition Water Water Water Water Water 3～4 hrs Water Water Water before

Breakfast Warming Up Competition

２～３ hrs before 1 hr before

As a light snack eat rice If you must eat: balls, bread, castella or a Banana, 100% Juice, Candy, etc. banana, etc.

10 Eating and drinking during competition Water Water Water Water Water Water Water Water

Match Match Match

Intake water and carbohydrates Intake water and carbohydrates as early as possible as early as possible

Thank You！

11 Orthopedic problems during training and competition

Kohei Nakajima. MD. Vice-chairman of sports med. and science committee in Japan Wrestling Federation.

In Japan, The number of wrestler is less than 10,000 people including kids through masters.

Kids (3y.o – 12y.o) 3000. College or University 500. Junior high school (12y.o – 15y.o) 800. General 1000. High school(15y.o – 18y.o) 3500. Masters 200.

1 Distribution of population by age group in Japanese wrestlers

3500 The problem is …… -There are few schools which 3000 has wrestling team as after school activity. 2500

2000

1500 Kids 3000

1000 High school 3500

Masters 500 200 Social 1000 school 800 Junior High Collage Univ. 500 0 3~12 12~16 16~18 18~22 22~ 35~ (age)

The distribution of population by age group in Japanese wrestlers

The problems are …… 3500 -There are few schools which has wrestling team. 3000 -When graduated the high school, a large number of wrestlers were 2500 burn out from cruel training. -or afraid the serious injuries ? 2000

1500 Kids 3000

1000 High school 3500

Masters 500 200 Social 1000 school 800 Junior High Collage Univ. 500 0 3~12 12~16 16~18 18~22 22~ 35~ (age)

2 It is necessary …

To enhance the activity of wrestling... -Establish the prevention methods and treatments for major injuries during wrestling activity.

-provide the safety.

The purpose of this study….

-to know the variety, mechanism and frequency of injuries caused by wrestling.

3 in Tokyo, Japan

Lot area；16500m2 ,B1-7th floors, Total floor space; 27500m2 Allover length; 104m, Depth; 59.2m, Height; 31.6m

Japan Institute of Sports Sciences : JISS

---was established for enhance the performance of Japan’s top athletes in international competition.

4 Japan Institute of Sports Sciences : JISS

---was established for enhance the performance of Japan’s top athletes in international competition.

Department of sports medicine

-Outpatient service. Full-time service: orthopedics and athletic rehabilitation, internal medicine, and dentistry. Part-time service: dermatology, gynecology, otolaryngology and ophthalmology.

-Medical checkup for delegation of international games. ( Olympic games, Asian games and Universiade)

5 • The total number of outpatient visitors (gross)

12000 10509 10000 9878

8000 7818 6000 4000

2000 1344 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 (year)

• The number of patients in each section.

Internal medicine Ortohpedics Rehabilitation Dentstry Ophthalmology Otolaryngology Gynecology Dermatology Nutrition management Psychology

12000

10000

8000 5331 6021 6000 4364 4000 2366 2520 2000 1917 645 1183 1005 162429 706 0 2001 2002 2003 2004

6 • The number of patients who were treated in athletic rehabilitation room by sports categories. （top ten categories, Apr. 2002～ Mar. 2004） 4000 3677 3500

3000

2500 2277 1954 2000 1889 1507 1500 937 970 851 1000 431 418 389 500 415

0 Field & Track Wrestling Soccer Ski Gymnastics Judo Weightlifting Diving Tennis Rugby Swimming Other

The enrolled wrestlers in JISS sports clinic until 2006.

All section Orthopedic Orthopedic (net) (net) (gross) Male 282 133 432 Female 43 33 160 Total 325 166 592

7 The distribution of wrestling styles in orthopedic patients

Female Free style Female 33 (19.9%) Male Male Free style Free style Free style 160 (27.0%) 82 (49.4%) 255 (43.1%) Male Greco-Roman Male 51 (30.7%) Greco-Roman 177 (29.9%)

gross (n=594) net (n=166)

Frequency of Injured site in all style of wrestlers 100 120 140 160 20 40 60 80 0

ankle or foot cervical spine elbow head or face hip or pelvis knee lower arm lower leg shoulder Th,L-spine thigh trunk upper arm wrist or hand

8 Frequency of Injured site in male free style 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0

ankle or foot cervical spine elbow head or face hip or pelvis knee lower arm lower leg shoulder Th,L-spine thigh trunk upper arm wrist or hand

Frequency of Injured site in Greco-Roman style 10 15 20 25 30 0 5

ankle or foot cervical spine elbow head or face hip or pelvis knee lower arm lower leg shoulder Th,L-spine thigh trunk upper arm wrist or hand

9 Frequency of Injured site in female free style 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5

ankle or foot cervical spine elbow head or face hip or pelvis knee lower arm lower leg shoulder Th,L-spine thigh trunk upper arm wrist or hand

Type of injuries in all style wrestlers 100 150 200 250 50 0 bruise or contusion dislocation fracture ligament inj. meniscus muscle or tendon peripheral nerve vertebral disc wound etc.

10 Injury of the Knee Joint

Distribution of wrestling style in the knee ligament injury

Female Free 19

Greco 11

35 Male Free

0 10203040

11 Distribution of injured site of knee ligament injury in each wrestling style ACL MCL 6 10 ACL LCL MCL 7 3 18 LCL 10 Female Free style (n=19)

MCL ACL 4 4 Male Free style LCL (n=35) 3

Greco-Roman style (n=11)

Treatment of knee ligament injury

ACL : surgical treatment was indicated. Reconstructed by ST or ST+G tendon using endo-button technique.

12 Treatment of knee ligament injury MCL or LCL : first choice for treat MCL or LCL injury is Conservative. In severe cases, surgical procedures were indicated.

Injury of the shoulder joint

13 About injury of the shoulder joint….

14 Treatment of dislocation / subluxation of the shoulder joint

Rotate internally Rotate externally

Untreated case for no obvious episode of dislocation. 1 month post injury.

3 weeks after (IR ) 3 weeks after (ER)

Injury of the muscle or tendon

Injured by almost same mechanisms. And their symptoms are similar.

Site of lesion and desired treatment are quite different!!

15 The type of skeletal muscles and location of muscle injury

Muscle injuries commonly occurred骨格筋には部位により様々な形状があり、 at the musculo-tendinous junction. 肉離れはこれらの筋における腱と筋の移行部で発生すると考えられている。

Semi-pinnate Biceps muscle muscle

Spindle Pinnate Polyventer Flat Serratus muscle muscle muscle muscle muscle

Diagnosis of the muscle injury MR imaging or Ultrasound imaging

16 Treatment of the muscle injury Conservative!

f.e. : Rest , compression, icing or cooling during early period. 3 weeks after injury, start the stretching and strengthening by slow degrees. 1wk after

In some cases, hyper baric oxygen therapy were indicated .

The tendon injury

Location of muscle injury

muscle Location of Tendon injury bone

tendon

17 1. Hamstrings tendon injury

Diagnosis of the tendon injury MR imaging or Ultrasound imaging

18 Treatment of the tendon injury Required surgical treatment !!

3 month after surgical treatment

19 Perspective and task in future

• Enlighten adequate care when injury was occurred. • Enrich the own support system for injured wrestlers. • Further Collect medical information on wrestling injury. • Contribute to safer administration of competition or training camp

2. Severe injury of cervical spine

20 Профессор С.Казарян

proposal 1

training program for wrestlers 13-14 years in the second year of training

№ № СОNTENT days/hours remarks 1 ЗАНАТИЯ ПРОВОДЯТСЯ В ТЕЧЕНИИ 160-170 3 раза тренировки на 10 МЕСЯЦЕВ (сентябрь-июнь) дней ковре и 1 раз-на открытом воздухе 2 ЧАСЫ ТРЕНИРОВКИ НА ВЕСЬ ГОД 240-250 90'-трен. на ковре часов 120'-на откр. возд. 3 УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ 36-37 во время тренировки на ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ КАЧЕСТВ часов ковре и на откр. воздухе (сб. или вс.) 4 РАЗМИНКА (Упражнения для 40-44 на каждой тренировке подготовки к основной треноровке) часов 12'до 15'

5 ОСНОВНАЯ ТРЕНИРОВКА 115-120 часов -обучение технике борьбы 14-15 часов 93-94 тренировка техники часов 7-8 ч. поединки: учебные, тренировочные или соревновательного характера

6 ПОДВИЖНЫЕ ИЛИ СПОРТИВНЫЕ 36-37 На каждой тренировке ИГРЫ часов 10-12

7 МАЛЕНЬКИЕ СОРЕВНОВАНИЯ 3 раза не более 3 схваток на соревновании 8 ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ 15-17 часов скакалка, ритм, упр. ДЛЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ танцы под музыку.

1 PROPOSAL 2 Example program 2-weeks micro cycle for wrestlers 13-14 years

week Monday Wednesday Friday Saturday 1. Разминка 1. Разминка-15' 1. Разминка-15' 1.Кросс 2 км first 2. Обучение техн. приемам 2.Подвижная игра-10' 2.Обучение техн. в 2.Упражнения для

в стойке-15' партере 15' физических качеств w 3.Соверш. техники 2'+2' e 3.Повторения обучения 4. Восстанов.- 3' 3.Обучение техники в партере 3.иммитация техники с e техника приема 5.Учебная схватка 1'+(1+1)+1' (1+1)Έx3 партнером-3' k 2' (1'отд.)+ 2' 6. Восстанов.- 5' 4.Совершенств. техники3'+3' 4. Спортивная игра:футбол 4.Восстанов.- 3' 7.Отжимание на руках-10 раз 5. Восстанов.- 5' 25+(3отд.)25' 5.Совершенств. техники 8 Восстанов.- 5' 6.Спортивная игра: 8'/8' 5. Восстанов.- 10' в партере(1+1)'+(1отд), (2+2)' «регби на ковре»

6. Восстановление- 3' 7. Восстанов.- 5' Спортивная игра 10'/10' 1. Разминка-15' 1. Разминка-15' 1. Разминка-15' 1.Кросс 2 км second 2.Обучение защиты 2. .Обучение техники в партере 2. Спортивная игра: 5'/5' 2. Упражнения для развития

обученного приема в стойке w 20' (переворот накатом) 3.Броски с чучелом-3' физических качеств-10' e 15' e 3. Повторение техн. (5'+5') 4. Совершенств. техники 2'+2' 3. Иммитация техники k 3.Повторение техн.3'+3' 4. Восстанов.- 5' ( со сменой партнера) борьбы-3'

5. Восстанов.- 5' 4. Спортивная игра:футбол 4. Совершенств. техники 5. Совершенств. техники 2'+2' 6.Схватка тренировачного 30+(5отд.)+30' в партере(1+1)'+(1отд)+ (1+1)' 6. Восстанов.- 3' характера 2'(1'отд)+(1+1)'+1'(1р)+(30+30) ' 5. Восстанов.- 10' 5. Восстанов.- 3' 7.Подвижная игра 15' 6. Спортивная игра: 8'/8' 8. Восстанов.- 5' 7.Восстанов.- 5'

2 PROPOSAL 3 program for preparation period for one week cycle for national teams time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Тренировка на развитие 1. Кросс 5 км Спортивная игра Тренировка на ковре Тренировка на разв. спец. 1. Кросс – 4км физич. силы физ. кач. отдых - 5' 1. Разминка – 10' 2. Иммит. техн. - 3' 1. Разминка – 15' 1. Разминка - 15' 1. Разминка – 15' 2. Футбол 30'+30' 2. Упр. с диском т/ат 3. Физ.упр. броски с лёгк. 2. Б/Б – 20'/20' 2.Инд. соверш. техн. 2. Тест с чучелом на скорость камнями борьбы с такт. вып. 6'/6' 10 бр. через спину (менять партн.) 10 бр. прогибом А гири 10 бр. мельница К 15 х личн.вес Т 3. Штанга –рыв., толч. для рук 3. Сауна - массаж 3. Соверш. техники 3. Подтягивание по канату – И M 35 х личн. вес взрыв.выполн.комб. техн. в 1 р. В O стойке связкой выполн. Н R приема в партере 2'+2'+2' Ы N с упр. 5' Й I 4. Для ног 4.Инд. соверш. техн. в 4. Соревн. схватка 2'+1 раз N партере подтяг. по канату + 2' соревн. О G 50 х личн. вес (1+1)'+(1+1)'+(1+1)' схватки, отдых 10' Т Д сумма 100 х личн. вес Ы 5. Скакалка 4х1'м 5. Подтяг. по канату 2 раза, 5. Подн. зад. суплекс (прог.) Х отдых 3' 10/10р. + (40+40)''х3р. в партере соревн. атака и защита 6. Броски с чуч. 20 р 6.Скакалка - 3' 7. Скакалка - 3' ВРЕМЯ ПОНЕДЕЛЬНИК ВТОРНИК СРЕДА ЧЕТВЕРГ ПЯТНИЦА СУББОТА ВОСКР. ТРЕНИ- РОВКИ Тренировка на Тренировка на ковре А Спортивная игра Тренировка на ковре С разв.спец. физ.кач 1. Разминка-12' К 1. Разминка-12' 1.Инд. разминка-20' А Т У И Н А 1. Разминка-12' 2.Упр.для укр. моста В 2.Футбол 30'+30' 2.Тренир. схв. 2'+2'+2' А К забегание Н отдых-15' Т 2.Подтяг. по канату 2р 3.Соверш.комбин Ы 3.Иммит. техники с 3.Трен. схв. 2'+(30)''+ И E 3.Поднятие бр.д/суп x 10р с техники 2'+1'+2+1' Й партнером-5' 2'(30)''+2' М В V партнером 1 кат.выше А Н E 4.Соверш. тех. парт. О С Ы N (40+40) '' x4 Т 4. Скакалка-2' С Й I 4.Подтяг. по канату 2р 5.Скакалка 2 x1' Д А N 5.4x1'пус-пус 6.Скоростн. бросок с Ы Ж О G 6.Подним. мел.10x в лев./прав. чучелом x 50р Х Т 7. Подтяг. по канату 2р Д 8.Присед с партнером ↓_ _↑ x5 Ы раз Х 9. Подтяг. по канату 1р 10.Трамболин (батут)или скакалка 4 x1'

3 program for preparation period before main competition PROPOSAL 4

time Monday Thuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday. Тренировка на ковре 1. Кросс 5 км Спортивная игра Тренировка на ковре Спортивная игра А 1. Разминка – 15' 2. Упр. для развития 1. Разминка – 10' 1. Разминка - 12' 1. Разминка – 10' К физ. качеств - 10' С Т 2. Инд. совер. техн. 3. Иммитация техн. А 2. Футбол - 30'+30' 2.Схв.соревн.хар. с 2. Баскетбол - 20'+20' И 3' х 5 борьбы с партнёром У захв. В M 5' Н 2'+(40+40)''х3 Н O 3. Инд. совер. техн. А 3. Восстан. упр. - 5' 3. Восстан. упр. - 15' 3. Восстан. упр. - 3' Ы R (1+1)'х4 - Й N 4. Схв. соревн. хар. М 4. Иммит. техн. - 5' 4.Схв.соревн.хар. с 4. Иммит. техн. I 2'+(30+30)''х3 А захв. борьбы – 3' О N С 2'+(30+30)''х3 Т G 5. Восстан. упр. – 15' С 5. Восстан. упр. - 15' 5. Подтяг. по канату Д А 2р. Ы 6. Схв. трен. хар. Ж 6.Контр.схв.в стойке 6. Восстан. упр. - 10' Х 2'+(40+40)''х2 2'х4 с разн. партн. 7. Восстан. упр. – 10' 7. Восстан. упр. - 10' ВРЕМЯ ТРЕНИ- ПОНЕДЕЛЬНИК ВТОРНИК СРЕДА ЧЕТВЕРГ ПЯТНИЦА СУББОТА ВОСКР. РОВКИ Тренировка на ковре Тренировка на ковре Тренировка на ковре Тренировка на ковре 1. Разминка – 12' 1. Разминка – 12' 1. Разминка – 15' 1. Разминка – 12' 2. Инд. совер. техн. 2. Совер. техники с 2. Совер. техники 2. Инд. совер. техники и А 2' х 4 разными партнёрами С (взрывное исполн.) тактики С К с зад 1,5' х 8 А 2' х 4 4' + 4' А Т У У И E 3. Инд. совер. техн. 3. Восстан. упр. - 5' 3. Совер. техники в 3. Инд. совер. техн. с Н Н В V (1+1)'х5 партере (40+40)''х4 зхв А А Н E (40+40)''х4 - - Ы N 4. Схв. соревн. хар. 4. Совер. техники в М 5. Восстан. упр. – 5' 4. Восстан. упр. – 5' М Й I 2'+(30+30)''х3 партере (40+40)''х6 А А N с зад. с разн. партн. С С О G 5. Восстан. упр. – 15' 5. Восстан. упр. – 5' С 5. Соверш. скорости С Т А выполн. техники с А Д Ж чучелом - 5' Ж Ы 6. Схв. трен. хар. 6. Восстан. упр. – 5' Х 2'+(40+40)''х3 7. Восстан. упр. – 10' 4 EXAMPLE PROGRAM DURING THE MONTH CYCLE FOR PREPARATION OF FEMALE ELITE WRESTLERS N Content day 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 1 Бег 2-3 км по тропинке, morning 60' 60' 60' 60' 60' А 60' 60' 60' 30' гимнастические упражн. К evening Т 2 Бег 4-6 км по пересеч. дороге, morning 90' В гимнаст. упражн. имит. техн. evening Н 3 Разминка (инд. или груп.) Ы morning 15' 15' 15' 15' 15' Й 15' 10' 15' 10' упражнения для моста evening 20' 10' 10' 20' 20' 5' 15' О 4 Упражнения для развития morning 5' 5' 5' 5' 5' 5' 5' физической силы Т evening 5' 2' 5' Д 10' 5' Ы 5 Упражнения для развития morning 3' 2' 2' 2' скоростных качеств Х evening 2' 2' 2' 6 Упражнения для развития morning 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' 2' гибкости evening 3' 2' 2' 2' 2' 7 Спортивная игра morning P/B20'/20' футбол, Б/Б, Р/М, Регби evening 20' Б/Б F-30'/30' F-30'/30' 8 Тренировка зале morning 90' 60' по т/атл. evening 80' 9 Совершенствование техники с morning 5' 10' 5' 5' 5' 3' 3' борцовским чучелом evening 5' 5' TEST 5' TEST 10 Совершенствование техники пр., morning 10' 3'x3' 5'x2 1'x4 5'/5' защиты и к/приёмов evening 10' 1'x5 1'x5/1'x3 11 Совершенствование техники пр., morning (40x40)''x4 (1x1)x3 (30+30)x5 (30+30)x6 (1+1) 'x3 (1+1)'x5 защиты и к/приёмов в партере evening (1+1)x (30x30)''x3 (1+1)x3 (1+1)x3 (40+40)''5 4 12 Совершенствование техники morning 1'x3 1'x4 5' 3'/3' 1'x8 тактич. комбинации приём evening 2'/2' 5'+1'+1' 4'/4' 5' 13 Тренировочная схватка morning 2'+(40+40) 'x3 2'(1+1)x2 1'+(30+30)x3 2'(30+30)''x4 evening 2'x3 1.5'x5 2+(1+1)x2 2+(1+1)x2 14 Соревновательная или morning 1'(30+30)x3 1'+(30+30)''x3 1'+(30+30)''x3 1'(30+30)x3 2(30+30)x3 контрольная схватка MATCHx3* evening 1'+(30+30)''x4 1'+(30+30)x3 2+(30+30)3 СХВx3 15 Сауна-массаж morning 60'

5 evening 90' 60' 16 Теоретические занятия: анализ morning соревнов. СД и другие evening

Weight Control for Wrestlers

－ Conditioning for Competitions －

Japan Wrestling Federation Greco-roman style coach, Medicine & Science Commission Takeshi KUKIDOME

Ways to Control Weight There are basically three ways to control weight;

■ Rapid Weight Reduction/Control ■ Gradual Weight Control (used for weight control in general) ■ The Ideal Weight Control* *Divide weight control in 2 periods

1 Weight Change of Wrestlers via Rapid Weight Reduction

4.0

2.0

0.0

-2.0

-4.0 - 4kg + 2.5kg

Amount of weight change（kg） -6.0

-8.0 A day A week A day The day of After after before before weigh-in game period weigh-in weigh-in weigh-in

Effects of Rapid Weight Control on Physiological Functions

• Weakening of muscular power • Decline of anaerobic task ability • Weakening of cardiovascular functions Decline of blood plasma and amount of blood Increase in heart rate when resting and in maximum-muscle power tasks Decline of systolic output per time • Weakening of body temperature maintenance function • Decline of amount of blood and blood filtration of kidney • Depletion of glycogen of muscle and liver • Depletion of electrolyte

（Weight Loss in Wrestlers. American College of Sports Medicine, Position Stand. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28(6): ix-xii, 1996)

2 Wrestlers Need Body Assessment

Lean body water weight Body Muscle/bones/ (LBM) weight internal organs Body fat Body fat weight Same body weight but the structure differs

Need to understand body composition

The Basics of Weight Control

■ Accurate understanding of body composition ■ Weight loss: reduce body fat Weight gain: Increase lean body weight ■ Need to act on a long-term weight control plan

3 The Ideal Weight Control

The ideal weight control is best when planned on 2 periods:

1. Period of reducing body fat. ①Aerobic exercise ②Cut back intake calories. ※ Take in balanced nutrients and cut back intake calories at the same time. 2. Period of dehydration ① Set a no-water period right before the weigh-in (day before the game) ※ Best 1 or 2 days before weigh-in

Foods to avoid when reducing intake calories

oil and fat --- oil, butter, margarine, mayonnaise, Snacks --- pastries, dressing, fatty meat chocolate, junk food

beverages---alcohol, juice grain---rice, bread, noodle, potatoes

4 The Ideal Weight Control for Wrestlers ex) 55kg wrestler Ordinary weight 62kg → need to lose 7kg Body fat percentage 10% → Amount of body fat 6.2kg Long-term Weight Control Lose 5 % of body fat percentage → Lose 3.1kg of fat (in 3 to 4 weeks) Rapid Weight Control Reduce 3.9kg of body water

Refeeding

Wrestlers need to quickly put their weight back after the weigh-in and before the next day's match, and to bring their condition to the best.

The meal and beverage taken during this period is called refeeding.

5 Wrestling match Refeeding

Recovery period 18.00～18.30 10 hours 19.00～20.00 (longer than 16 hours)

First days Weigh-in Finals of match

■ There is more than 16 hours between the weigh-in and the first match ■ There is About 25 hours from weigh-in and the finals

What is Suitable for Fluid Intake

■ Isotonic drinks (which include minerals and sugar) ※ It is important to take water and minerals lost by dehydration

■ You should not drink too much; carbonated beverages, caffeine, alcohol ※ Better to avoid coffee, tea, and green tea, which has diuretic effect as well

6 Restoring Energy; Nutrients that creates glycogen = need carbohydrate

■ Grain (Bread, pasta, rice etc)

■ Fruits (Banana, orange, grapefruit, strawberry)

■ Protein (meat, fish: avoid fat)

■ Vegetables (mineral, vitamin)

■ 100% Juice