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The of Anzali Wetland in the Southern

Item Type article

Authors Naderi, S.; Mirzajani, A.; Rajabi Maham, H.; Hadipour, E.

Download date 26/09/2021 14:50:57

Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/36611

Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 2017, Vol. 15 No. 3 pp. 223~235 ©Copyright by University of Guilan, Printed in I.R. [Research]

The mammals of Anzali Wetland in the Southern Caspian Sea

S. Naderi1*, A. Mirzajani2, H. Rajabi Maham3, E. Hadipour4

1. Environmental Sciences Department, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Guilan, Iran 2. Inland Water Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, Iran 3. Department of Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Iran 4. Guilan Provincial Directorate of Department of Environment, Rasht, Iran

* Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected]

(Received: Jan. 28. 2017 Accepted: July 22. 2017) ABSTRACT Anzali Wetland as a listed habitat in Montreux Record, was investigated for the fauna during Jan. 2015 - Jan. 2016. About 165 km of water bodies and 200 km around Anzali Wetland were patrolled, respectively. By applying different methods, such as direct observation, different signs recording, using different sampling traps, nets and camera traps, twenty mammal were identified from 5 orders and 13 families. While , and Common were widely distributed, Common , Asiatic and Jungle cat were observed in some parts of this wetland. Six species were recognized in different parts of the wetland. Among four identified species, Nathusius’s pipistrelle has been reported only from this region in Iran. The most commonly recorded bat species was the Soprano pipistrelle, a species hereto recorded only from two Iranian localities. Two recognized species from ; Caspian and a mysterious are important due to their narrow geographical distribution range as well as their taxonomic situation. Although there was no quantitative or qualitative data from the past, our results show that the situation of many mammal species are not suitable, and some of them are being increasingly threatened.

Key words: Anzali Wetland, Distribution, Mammals check-list, Iran. INTRODUCTION water environments, containing composition of One percent of global wetlands is located in different biota. Anzali Wetland, with many Iran. The characteristics of Anzali Wetland with different ecologic, economic, aesthetics, about 19095 ha area, located in 36° 55' to 37° 32' anthropologic values is one of the first recorded N and 48° 45' and 49° 42' E are as follow: -23 m wetlands in Ramsar convention on 1975 altitude from open seas, 2.75 m maximum (Ramsar Convention Bureau 2014). depth, 70 km2 water body areas, distributed in Unfortunately, during last decades, this north-west to south-east vector (Kimbal & wetland confront with many problems and Kimbal 1974). The most important entering negative factors (Sabetraftar 1999; Jica et al. rivers to this wetland are: Chafroud, Bahambar, 2005; Mirzajani et al. 2010), and was listed in Morghak, Masal, Palangvar, Masolehrodkhan, Montreux record as a priority site for Pasikhan, Siahdarvishan, Lakanroud and conservation measures in 1993 (Ramsar Siahroud (NGO-IRAN 2003). Convention Site). Based on the conservation This important natural ecosystem acts as an strategies, some parts of this wetland were ecotone, between different ecosystems: considered as protected areas: (Siakeshim terrestrial, the Caspian Sea, brackish and fresh protected area: 4500 ha), and three wildlife

224 The mammals of Anzali…

refuges (Sorkhankol: 1214 ha, Chokam: 449 ha, Sheijan were searched for fauna using a and Selkeh: 360 ha) under DOE conservation motorboat. Totally, about 165 km over 250 management (DOE of Guilan Information). points were surveyed for any evidence to show Although many short and comprehensive the presence of mammal species (Fig. 1). biological, ecological and management studies Furthermore, 10 digital scouting camera traps were performed on Anzali Wetland, however were used. there is not any comprehensive study on its For rodent species, two kinds of traps (40 live mammal fauna. There are general statements in and 25 mouth traps) were installed in different some literatures on species of this wetland (Lay parts of the wetland, where the rodent signs 1967, Etemad 1985, Karami et al. 2008, Ziaei such as footprints, feces and also den holes 2008). According to the first report (Yekom were observed. All of the captured specimens consulting Engineers Corporation 1989), the were transported to Shahid Beheshti University mammal species of Anzali Wetland were listed biosystematic laboratory, thereafter, their body in two different categories including distinctive and skull morphometric characteristics were (16) and probable (8) species. It only reported measured and using available references and the list of mammals, without field-based data key identifications recognized. on distribution of different species. However, it For bat species, some kinds of local mist nets was the basic reference for many other studies with mesh size of 10-15 mm were installed and and reports (Monavari 1991; Behrouzi rad 1997; checked in evening and night, from May to Riazi 1997; Sabetraftar 1999; Mirzajani et al. September 2015. All collected samples were 2010). transported to Wildlife Laboratory in According to Japan International Cooperation University of Guilan and then Berlin Museum Agency (JICA) studies on ecological Biosystematics Laboratory and the species management of Anzali Wetland, a precise were identified using morphometric check - list of different fauna and their spatial measurements and also genetic examinations. and temporal distribution seems to be As an additional work, to completion of important for achieving the conservation obtained data on mammal fauna distribution, strategies (Jica et al. 2005). So, the present study the local people were interviewed by showing has been conducted as a first field and some color pictures from A Field Guide to laboratory research on mammals of entire Mammals of Iran (Ziaei 2008) and presenting Anzali Wetland. their morphological description.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 20 species from 5 orders and 13 families Based on a mapping system, different parts of of mammals have been recognized. These Anzali Wetland were seasonally patrolled from species belong to Orders Eulipotyphla (3 January 2015 to January 2016. In total, about 200 species), Chiroptera (4 species), Rodentia (6 km around the wetland was surveyed by car for species), (6 species) and Artiodactyla finding different signs of mammal species (1 species) (Figs. 2A, B, C, D, E and F). The including feces, footprints, den holes as well as obtained data for each species are separately soil and plant displacement and scars. The described according to the modern taxonomic accessibility of the wetland changes in different classification keys presented in “Mammal seasons as it was restricted in spring and Species of the World” (Wilson & Reeder 2005). summer due to decrease in water level, progressive vegetation growth and because of 1) Order Eulipotyphla cultivation activities. Moreover, four different 1.1) Family water bodies of Anzali wetland including 1.1.1) Southern white-breasted , Siakeshim protected area, western, central and concolor (Martin, 1838) southern parts, as well as the eastern and

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There are two morphotypes based on cranial It has been recorded as an endemic species of variability for this species and the Asiatic south-west coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran and samples are concolor morphotype, revised . Very little information is available from the west of Iran (Kryštufek 2002). on its distribution, population size and trends, Because of its nocturnal activities only two and potential threats (Hutterer 2005; Bannikova samples were observed from the western part et al. 2006; Ziaei 2008; Kennerley 2016). and also central region of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2A). According to local people, it exists in different parts of the wetland, but its 1.3) Family 1.3.1) Mole ( sp.) population has declined remarkably over the last years. According to different studies, three mole species were recently identified in Iran: Talpa 1.2) Family Soricidae levantis Thomas 1906 (Kryštufek 2001), T. 1.2.1) Caspian Shrew, caspica (Thom- davidiana Milne-Edwards, 1884 (Kryštufek et al. as 1907) 2001; Sözen et al. 2012), and T. caucasica Satunin, 1908 (Kryštufek & Benda 2002). The recent Its type locality is Iran, southern coast of the phylogenetic study on Talpa (Bannikova Caspian Sea. During the present survey, the et al. 2015) showed that the moles which only dead sample of this small totally distributed along the south-western banks of chocolate-brown shrew was found in the the Caspian Sea from southern part of central part of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2A). Azerbaijan to the Central Elburz Mountains in Based on the last molecular studies, it is known Iran, actually belong to T. talyschensis and not to as a distinctive species, Crocidura caspica T. caucasica or T. levantis, as previously (Bannikova et al. 2006). proposed.

Fig 1. Field survey in different parts of Anzali Wetland for mammal species (Black: human settlements; Dark grey: water body; Light grey: around of wetland. Different parts of the wetland: S = Siahkeshim, E = Eastern or Sheijan, C = Central, W = Western areas for conservation programs: SiPA = Siakeshim protected area, SoWR = Sorkhankol wildlife refuge, SeWR = Selkeh wildlife refuge, ChWR = Chokam wildlife refuge).

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The single found mole in western region of 2.2.2) Nathusius’s Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2A) has the dental nathusii (Keyserling and Blasius, 1839) formula and appearance very similar to T. This species was captured from Sorkhankol, the davidiana, however, based on mitochondrial central region of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2B). cytochrome b gene sequencing and Nathusius’s Pipistrelle distributes in eastern, phylogenetic tree analysis in the present study, central and southern Europe, common along it has been recognized as a different species. It the Baltic Sea, southern Scandinavia and places in a clade near, but discrete to T. northern Germany. It also inhabits the Balkans davidiana and also T. talyschensis. Thus, more and on Corsica. It migrates to Sardinia and samples are indispensable for achieving a clear Sicily and Iberia (Dietz & Von Helversen 2004; and detailed knowledge about this found Dietz 2005). Although its presence in Iran has individual. been suspected before (Benda et al. 2012), our finding is the first record of this species in Iran 2) Order Chiroptera (Naderi et al. 2017).

All bat samples were captured at the end of 2.2.3) Soprano Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus spring until mid-autumn. Based on (Leach, 1825) morphologic and genetic studies, in total, four species were recognized. The most frequent This species was found in all regions around recognized species from different regions of Anzali Wetland, including woodland of river Anzali Wetland were from family banks and rural houses (Fig. 2B). The first . records of this species in Iran reported by Hulva et al. (2007) from two sites in Guilan and 2.1) Family Rhinolophidae Golestan Provinces. Benda et al. (2012) referred 2.1.1) Lesser Horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus to the same two records and suggested a hipposideros (Borhausen, 1797) possible presence of this species along the whole Caspian shore areas, in north of Iran. This species had been previously reported from other regions including north-west (Lay 1967) 3) Order Rodentia and west part of Iran (DeBlase 1980). In our study, this species was only sampled in In total, 53 from four families and six Khomam region in the eastern part of Anzali species were captured by traps. Wetland (Fig. 2B), near human community. It is generally common in both towns and cities; in 3.1) Family Cericetidae parks, forests, outside of buildings, limestone 3.1.1) Eurasian water , Arvicola amphibius mines, cracks in walls, and cellars (Ziaei 2008; (Linnaeus, 1758) Benda et al. 2012). This species inhabits around the rivers, creeks and wetlands with dense plant covers. It is 2.2) Family Vespertilionidae distributed from Europe to Russia and west 2.2.1) Kuhl’s Pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii (Kuhl, Asia (Musser & Carleton 2005; Ziaei 2008; 1817) Batsaikhan et al. 2016). Its presence in Guilan There are numerous reported sites of it Province was also reported previously (Lay throughout Iran. However, its distribution in 1967). It was sampled from southern part of north of Iran is rather scarce (Lay 1967; DeBlase Anzali Wetland, in Kolesar region (Fig. 2C). 1980; Karami et al. 2008). 3.2) Family An individual of this species was captured in 3.2.1) House mouse, Mus musculus (Linnaeus, Sorkhankol, central region of Anzali Wetland 1758) (Fig. 2B).

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Based on molecular studies, several sub-species Guilan Province (Karami et al. 2008). According with worldwide distribution have been to local people interviews, G. glis had a vast introduced for this species. The most accepted distribution around the Anzali Wetland, sub-species are: Mus musculus domesticus (in especially in areas with natural and fruit forest Western Europe, North Africa and the Middle of walnuts, chestnut and oak, while in the East), M. m. musculus (in Eastern Europe and present study it was observed only in the North of Asia) and M. m. castaneus (in South- western part of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2C). east Asia) (Boursot et al. 1993; Rajabi Maham et 3.4) Family Hystricidae al. 2008). According to Lay (1967), this species 3.4.1) Indian crested , Hystrix indica has a widespread distribution ranges in Iran. (Kerr, 1792) Two different sub-species, M. m. musculus and

M. m. domesticus were found in different regions of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2C). This species is found throughout Southwest and and some parts of the Middle 3.2.2) Brown , Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, East (Amori et al. 2016). It was reported from 1769) many parts of country including the forested This species was probably originated from Asia northern slopes of the Elbruz Mts. (Lay 1967) and gradually distributed nearly all over the and whole Iranian central plateau (Misonne world. It needs enough water and cannot 1959). Also, Ziaei (2008) reported it from most inhabit dry regions. Thus it is found next to of the localities in Iran except for Azarbaijan creeks, ponds, wetlands and also human and Kurdistan. Based on few observations in sewages systems (Kryštufek et al. 2001; Ziaei this study (Fig. 2C) and also according to local 2008; Akbary Rad et al. 2009; Ruedas 2016). The people data, it seems that the population of this presence of this species in coastal plains around species in Anzali Wetland has been clearly the Caspian Sea had been reported in different declined over the last decades. studies (Misonne 1959; Lay 1967; Harrison & 4) Order Carnivora Bates 1991; Karami et al. 2008). This rat found in different regions of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2C). From this Order, five species of three families were recognized. 3.2.3) Roof rat, Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) 4.1) Family This rat was distributed passively in the world 4.1.1) Golden Jackal, aureus (Linnaeus, by human movements (Kryštufek et al. 2016). In 1758) Iran, it can be seen in coastal regions of the

Caspian Sea, from Astara to Gorgan and also in The type locality of golden jackal was from southern coastal regions, around the Oman Sea Iran, Lorestan, Benna Mts. and the Persian Gulf, from Chabahar to Abadan Lay (1967) reported Golden Jackal as a common (Harrison & Bates 1991; Ziaei 2008; Akbary Rad species along the Caspian coast and the Elbruz et al. 2009). This rat is found in some regions of Mts. Etemad (1985) and Harrison & Bates (1991) Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2C). also reported this species from some regions of 3.3) Family Gliridae Iran. 3.3.1) Fat dormouse, Glis glis (Linnaeus, 1766) Based on direct observations and its signs: This species mainly distributes in the footprints, scats, den holes in different areas of deciduous forests zone in the Western Anzali Wetland, this species is the most Palearctic, in Europe and Asia (Kryštufek 2010). frequent mammal. The diverse diet of Golden It occurs in forests along the Caspian coast and Jackal caused its vast unique distribution on the Elbruz Mountains (Lay 1967; Ziaei 2008). pattern in all seasons (Fig. 2F). The Iranian is G. g. persicus This species has the most car accident kill on (Erxleben, 1777), which its type is found in rural roads in this region, too.

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Fig.2. The observed regions of twenty mammal species of Anzali Wetland.

4.2) Family Despite the high abundance of this species, it 4.2.1) Least , Mustela nivalis (Linnaeus, has been incidentally observed in different 1766) parts around Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2D). It severely attacks on domestic chickens and This species is the smallest member of the other avian livestock, the main reason for Carnivora, native to Eurasia, North America killing it in rural communities and aviculture and North Africa, and though it has been sites around Anzali Wetland. introduced to some other regions of the world (Campbell 2014). Its presence in North-west of 4.2.2) , meles (Linnaeus, Iran was reported by different studies (Etemad 1758) 1985; Harrison & Bates 1991; Ziaei 2008).

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European badger, M. meles has widespread 4.3.1) Wildcat, silvestris (Schreber, 1775) distribution throughout the Palearctic region. The of the wildcat is still debated The northern boundary of this species range because of the genetic differences between the extends to the Russian Arctic Circle and wildcat subspecies and the domestic cat Finland, and the southern boundary occurs (Belousova 1993). along the southeastern coast of (Wang In Iran, the species occurs in a variety of 2011). Its presence in north-west of Iran habitats throughout the country. Of course, its reported by different studies (Etemad 1985; presence in the Caspian region was not clear Harrison & Bates 1991; Ziaei 2008). and in some references the absence of wildcat The presence of this species confirmed by in this region has been declared (Lay 1967; Ziaei different signs in a few regions around Anzali 2008). However, it was reported from north Wetland: direct observation, footprints, scats, (including the Caspian coast), west and south den holes and road accident. Its den holes or of Iran by other studies (Etemad 1985; Harrison setts were observed in different habitats & Bates 1991). During the present study, some including scrub and cultivated woodland, pictures of one of its subspecies, the Asiatic riverine neighborhood, border of grassland as wildcat (F. s. ornata) have been taken by the well as near to agricultural areas (Fig. 2D). installed camera trap of JICA research team in While this species inhabits various parts of Selkeh region of Anzali Wetland (Fig. 2D). The Anzali Wetland, it encounters many risks recognition of this subspecies was confirmed through farmers, caused a high decrease in its by IUCN cat-specialists group. This subspecies abundance over the last decades. is smaller than the (F. s. 4.2.3) Common Otter or European Otter, silvestris) and its fur is more yellow or reddish lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) in color with characteristics such as small black or reddish-brown spots and sometimes stripes This species inhabits most of Eurasia south of on skin. Due to cryptic behavior and the tundra line and North Africa (Kennedy hybridization with domestic cats, its status is 2003). With different ecological characters, it is difficult to assess. one of the most important wildlife in all of its worldwide distribution areas. So that in many 4.3.2) Jungle cat, Felis chaus (Schreber, 1777) ecosystems it is recognized as a keystone This medium-sized cat prefers wetland species and as a model for wildlife studies environments with tall grasses or reeds in (Reuther et al. 2000). Its presence around the which to hide. They are frequent in jungles or most aquatic ecosystems of Iran reported by Open County, and are often seen in the different studies (Lay 1967; Etemad 1985; neighborhood of villages (Fitzgerald 2011). Harrison & Bates 1991; Ziaie & Gutleb 1997; Lay (1967) reported it from the northern Karami et al. 2008; Ziaei 2008). According to forested slopes of Elborz Mts. Its distribution different indices such as spraints and smears, maps have also been provided by Etemad footprints, soil scars and slithering signs, it (1985) and Harrison & Bates (1991). The presents in different parts of Anzali Wetland footprints of this species have been incidentally (Fig. 2D). The results showed that its observed in some regions around Anzali distribution is not uniform in different seasons Wetland. The photo of this species has also in all parts of the wetland. While many regions been taken by the installed camera trap of JICA such as shore lines, canals or river banks were research team in Sorkhankol region (Fig. 2D). used periodically, others including open water Besides, based on local people explains, the body away from the banks and the high edges abundance of this species has been declined with weedy vegetation were not selected by over the last years. this species.

4.3) Family 5) Order Artiodactyla

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5.1) Family Suidae Anzali Wetland (Jica et al. 2005; Mirzajani et al. 5.1.1) Wild boar, Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) 2010) is one of the most important factors for wildlife habitat degradations. Human overpopulation in this region severely Several studies reported the widespread has changed the natural environment to distribution of this species in the most regions farmlands, urban and industrial land-uses. of Iran (Lay 1967; Etemad 1985; Harrison & Furthermore, it caused increasing in habitat Bates 1991; Karami et al. 2008; Ziaei 2008). fragmentation, poaching and conflicts to Different habitats such as marshy swamplands, wildlife. According to the land use data of cultivated woody and natural forests around Anzali Wetland catchment, the paddy fields different parts of Anzali Wetland provide very have been decreased about 12%, while urban favorable environment to supply feeding, areas showed an increasing trend during 2003 - breeding and sheltering of wild boar. In most 2013 (Sepid-Ab-Shomal Company 2014). regions, its signs e.g. soil displacement, Furthermore, following urbanization and rural agriculture destruction and footprints were developments, some new roads have been observed (Fig. 2E). The Wild boar home range constructed around Anzali Wetland. These in Anzali Wetland is less expanded in spring- roads not only aggravated the habitats summer compared with autumn-winter, due to fragmentation and segregation, but also cause cultivation period and human disturbances. Its casualties for many mammal species. In the population have been gradually isolated from present study the Golden Jackal carcasses were other suitable environments in catchment area frequently observed around the roads. The particularly the marginal grasslands and specimens of European Badger, mole and natural forests, because of roads development shrew were also gathered from road accidents. around Anzali Wetland. The negative effects of The extensive utilization of pesticides and other roads on ecological processes has been proved lethal chemical materials in agriculture in several studies (Spellerberg 1998; Underhill activities around Anzali Wetland are another 2003). important negative factor on mammal CONCLUSION populations. In the present study, the first precise check - list According to archived data in agriculture of mammal fauna has been presented based on organization of Guilan Province (AJO 2013), one - year field study in one of the most 68000 tons and 27000 cubic meters of pesticides, important wetlands of Iran. Because of the lack herbicides and fungicides are being used in of previous data, the analysis of species farmlands and orchards around Anzali diversity changes could not be possible. Of Wetland, annually. They can affect directly or course, based on interview to old local people, indirectly all the organisms. However, some it seems that the abundance of many species species which inhabited around the farmlands have been declined, remarkably. such as , and are more Although, the changes of species abundances in affected. this region affected by the worldwide changes The urbanization and replacement of old rural such as climate change, as many other parts of buildings (with natural materials) by modern the world ( & Schneider 2002; Erwin 2009; buildings have negatively affected the bats Bellard et al. 2012), however the lack of populations and their dispersion. Bats are management plans and also sometimes unavoidable inhabitants in these new mismanagement on this natural ecosystem play constructions and occupy many human the most important role on habitat changes and dwellings, including roofs, attics, cracks on the subsequent declining of wildlife abundances. outside of buildings. There is a challenge The erosion of wetland watershed and annual between people and bats, when they are deposition of about 400000 tons of sediments in moving closer and closer to villages.

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However, Common Otter distributes in all The conservation of mammals of the wetland is parts of Anzali Wetland, regarding to its range possible through wetland ecosystem territory (Kennedy 2003), its population seems conservation. Thus, it seems that for suitable to be very fragile in this region. As an evidence, and applied management of Anzali Wetland during the present study, six carcasses of and subsequently, conservation of its mammals Common Otter were found from some parts of as well as other taxa, we need a regulated Anzali Wetland, where no signs and tracks Adaptive Management Program with a were found after their death. Although, habitat comprehensive scientific view. So that, alteration and lack of water fluent in some continuous studies on mammal species is regions decrease the territory of in this needed for finding their density, population wetland, the human challenges is the most trends and conservation status in Anzali threatened factor to its survival. In most Wetland. regions, they are killed as a pest of aquaculture ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and fish ponds, and sometimes captured as a This work was performed in the frame of a first by-catch prey, especially for their fur. While the assessment of mammal fauna in Anzali high fisheries activity with illegal equipment is Wetland, kindly sponsored and supported by the main factor to mortality of otters in water JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) body of Anzali Wetland, the fish farmers kill under grant number P15/136264. We are much them around the wetland by different methods grateful to JICA, for preparing conditions of such as gun shooting, wire traps and electricity this study, to all directors of Guilan DOE for traps. Thus, similar to its worldwide status, it is logistic preparation, to many guards of Guilan in “Threatened” condition in Anzali Wetland, DOE, specially Mr. Yaeghoob Rakhsh Bahar for as well. his cooperation in most of the field survey, to The conflicts of farmers to mammal species Christian Dietz, Frieder Mayer and Isabelle were frequently observed around Anzali Waurick for their helps and fruitful discussions Wetland. Wild Boars and European Badger and constructive comments, especially for bat were killed by landowners, when they are species recognition, and to local people around observed in paddy fields and also in vegetable Anzali Wetland who helped us during field and woody farmlands. The temporary climate survey in different parts of Anzali Wetland. changes (e.g. high snowfall) may intensify the slaughter. For example about 200 individuals of wild boar were killed during heavy snowfall in REFERENCES 2013, around Siakeshim region (according to AJO 2013, Archivium data of the utilized interview to local people), when they were pesticides in Guilan Province farmlands. close to rural community because of starvation. Agriculture Jihad Organization of Guilan The farmers hunt the least that attack Province, Rasht, 4 p. on domesticated chickens and other avian Akbary, Rad, S, Jalal, R, Darvish, J & Matin, livestock. So that, also in the present study MM 2009, Identification of three Iranian some observations were the killed individuals species of the genus Rattus (Rodentia, of this species by local people. Muridae) using a PCR-RFLP technique on On the other hand, it seems that developing of mitochondrial DNA. Hystrix. 20: 69-77. rural and urban regions with untreated sewage Amori, G, Hutterer, R, Kryštufek, B, Yigit, N, and waste disposal caused the developing of Mitsain, G & Palomo, LJ 2016, Hystrix some species distribution in Anzali Wetland, indica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened such as mice as disease agent carrier mammals, Species 2016. Available at http://dx. which will have harmful effects on human doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS. community health as well. T10751A22231834.en/ (Accessed Febru- ary 11, 2017).

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پستانداران تاالب انزلی در جنوب دریای خزر

س. نادری1*، ع. میرزاجانی2، ح. رجبی مهام3، الف. هادیپور4

1- گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گیالن، ایران

2- پژوهشکده آبزی پروری آبهای داخلی کشور، موسسه تحقیقات علوم شیالتی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندر انزلی، ایران

3- گروه علوم جانوری، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

4- اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان گیالن، رشت، ایران

)تاریخ دریافت: 80/11/95 تاریخ پذیرش: 99/84/31(

چکیده فون پستانداران تاالب انزلی بعنوان زیستگاه ثبت شده در لیست مونترو، در طی یک سال، از ژانویه 2815 تا ژانویه 2819 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. حدود 195 کیلومتر از بدنه آبی و 288 کیلومتر از حاشیه این تاالب پیمایش میدانی شد. بر اساس روشهای مختلف، مانند مشاهده مستقیم، ثبت عالئم مختلف گونهها، به کارگیری تلههای نمونهگیری مختلف، تورها و دوربینهای تلهای، بیست گونه پستاندار از پنج راسته و سیزده خانواده شناسایی شدند. در حالیکه گونههای گراز، شغال و شنگ دارای پراکنش وسیع در تاالب انزلی هستند، گونههای رودک، گربه وحشی آسیایی و گربه جنگلی، در بعضی بخشهای این تاالب مشاهده شدند. همچنین، شش گونه جونده در بخشهای مختلف تاالب تشخیص داده شدند. در بین چهار گونه شناسایی شده خفاش، گونه خفاش ناتوزی، تنها از این منطقه در ایران گزارش شده است. فراوانترین گونه خفاش شناسایی شده در این مطالعه، گونه خفاش سوپرانو بوده که در گذشته تنها از دو منطقه دیگر در ایران گزارش شده است. دو گونه تشخیص داده شده از راسته Eulipotyphla، حشره خور خزری و نیز یک نوع حفار عجیب، به لحاظ حوزه پراکنش باریک و نیز وضعیت تاکزونومیک، حائز اهمیت میباشند. گرچه اطالعات کمی و کیفی از گذشته وجود ندارد، اما نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از آن است که وضعیت بسیاری از گونههای پستاندار تاالب انزلی، مطلوب نبوده و بسیاری از آنها بطور فزاینده در معرض تهدید میباشند.

* مولف مسئول