JOURNAL PRACTICAL INFORMATION, AnT, SCIENCE, MECHANICS, CHE�nSTRY, A WEEKLY OF AND UAXUFACTUHES
Vol. XIX.---�o. 11.1 8:� lu'r ..t, nn uP.l. i:,EW �ElaEs.l f N J.; W y U I{ l\, S I<;PT EMBER 9, 1868. ) LIN ADVAXCE.l .. -:======;======AND is little doubt that wherever mentioned Imp"ovcd V..rtlcul '1'rll' lIammcr. COPPER BRASS WORKING.···rHE ANSONIA WORKS tbron:rhont the Scriptures, The old fashioned leYE'r trip hamu](;r, the u�e of which is copper rather than brass is meant. A1t!vlHcrll t.he bF.yond the memory of the "ol,lest inhabitant." is 'fhe of proficiency ttain d in working of metals Lat.in word is commonly translated brass, it is heing degree a e a'S ftnt.eJ that oc�npying f�\r fitly chosen to serYe as a criterion in ddermining the of all the \:nperspdcd by oirect at.roke hammer;:, lc�s �eelJ)S specimens of ancient objects made from tl:is m�lt" �f.'ace and per!orming their work much more satisfactorily. of advancement in civili7.'1tion of any age or nation. rial yet found, Hnalyst's have foiler] to di,cover zinc, �!I'adc a t.rlte) of s kllown that tbe orclinary tnp does not a Favored by fortuitous circum,tallee the burn the composition being nearly uniformly [t i w(·11 doli\'(:r wnlC such as copper all,llin. The �'ln,;re blow (·xccpt on thin of work, and that its va- ing the foro"ts, the existence and moJe of reducing employment of th s alloy the lbmans a pieCe of i by w:'.s v·.·ry ge'loml, is c(,nlin('d, mainly, to i nu n the the more fu.�i"le metals would revealed to the dullest coins, vasl)�, cu i utensil$l, �-iatioll of �tTflke a d mi tio in be 1 nary OrnanH.'llt�, aTtn::. (i! \"I!; t,:u'""l, an;l nltlllh,'r luinute, ruther tl.an to the amount of f,'ree comprehemion, and is evident that no great amount of skill musIcal instrumentd all being formed �llilr, I'er ex- it fl'om it .. >'ft'::t fJrted so that for light work a light ham cd, iugenuit.y would then be requisite I'nable the 8avage to attention was given to investigating the propcnic, fotn,ly ; mer must be u� 01' to and an The halllm�r is the master·piece of faohion Jew trinkets the rude�t implemeuts. Metallur ing the hest combining proportirms of th8 r.lhyin'! d 'Vice'VerM. ,tl·um I a 01' I.""t.nl�. mprov d ,troko The alloys of copper in variety and indmt';al i e dead IHun- valuo, are for IH'avy but perhaps the mo,t intere!'ting of any that mel'S work, it ace \1'011;0<1. 'l'be rm is expcnsi\-e ano. not nppli te bra�s is of somewhat broad significan�,'. incll1iinif n"�rlv cable genewl WQTk. all the alloys of coppt'r; but in its COlll"'''ll ac·;:'/)tat.i(, 1 to Be lllOSt ; style nd for tween thi,; an:! the old a th<3 generality of pUl'[lO::es, the alloy hemin;; Iho halwllcr there name consists of two ports cOpp<'1' one tl'ip arB SE\'· to of �in�, but lhe pro, eml other devices which, portions of these ingredients used in th(,arls are cx.:",�j:,,!.,]y shating in advautag"" yaJiou�, being altered to suit color and other prorcrtir� thl' of to III" tlll� great st(�aU! IHUll'l1l'l', purpose for which the alloy is intended. DonLling th,) 'lln"t111t pos,ess all tIle Ulerits of Slwltcr to copper, we obtain a gol(1 col,)r··<1 0' tl'l' ' ka�:', Y:niilh'iI' trip with SOII},e mark,'d dl'sianated as Dutch Uold, in e sn Pr c '" :\fetal, T()mhac, ,n:,1 Pine]'\, the p('liorilies. The one show II; beck, lattpr alloy having been made histol'ical 1h'r1:t"!' accompanymg oins made from it were forced unon the in the pn c Amcl'ic.\ll C.:l,w,;"" a� gw.vings depends for tIll' a circulating' medium. thereby raising the ri!!;hteous indi�Ud the tion of the Revolutionary Fathers, and I.-nce of UOIY wlwJ:y up f"llniw: OLe of the on grHvitation-the grievances demanding redress from Wl'ig'\IL the �I"tllfd' (',m)]tl \'. of the hammer-yet it may A curie us fact connl'ctpd with making lJ,',:-s ;� th'lt' long overned as to strike before "inc was known as its metallic J-,p H) g such, in !"Hrl, tho lira,> much lighter blow than tice as universal of cementing grunulated cop r i'.!1 �. w pe " ,,:\1- to al weight would de cined calamine and c coal in crucibles expoB,'d to its t har , a 1;;.; lIl!t. liver. heat. As a Iesult., the zinc was liberated flOm ita oxid(' "�,,,I The n mer ond actuat united with the copper, without becomin!! vj;;ilJlp, .1;" h m as n metul. ing machinery is mounted tinct The alloy found in I limpH ut th.., bvrtom of t]oo upon a sui ab e upright cr�cibles was remelted and finally cast. lak"t t l EYen tho eui frame of wood, or iron, the tion of WE'bster's. Dlctignaryorecognizes only t.'plimitiY,' ham mer head being hollow, mode of prepa.rillg - the ..1l,!J,91' as seen plainly in the sec Tbe preceding- remalks, WeTe o(Jcasion�d by vi�it a late to tio , nnd traversing the e n ive establishment of the Ansonia � Fl!!. 2, xte s Bl'I\�s a�ld Rattery by means Company, located. in the thriving in upright slid�8, village of Anso:d .. , (':nn. ofa crank and pitman. The vi a itself-which has become the c·.' The j l l f"(c IlOW II «'I' of 11 tirol', intemal arrange large manufacturinl! un in I (',·(,t. Il1l.'nt of the hammer h(cad, and is one of the most im PC'! t3 nt !:lhown in Fig. 2. Two towns in the is famOH.'l i'\ � l1f!U. bar�, pivr,ted at exten'] tuck valley--is ind(·bttr] A, .lor ��()' through the of tlw cnly its name but up cap its "('1 y , '�. and istence to tbe l)amnleT-henu, tHoI at il, late An��!l U. are together by spiral Phelrs, hc·lll of the firm "f PIll,lps, springs, until Dodge of o\' otlll'\' a, & ('0., X'.:IV Yell;. apart by the rise of Twenty-fivcyenrs forcc,1 �gr" 1�j�;."; :!l(\ bammer bringing the tlenlun the pf..'l'crjvin!!.' tll:": Yi.lll1c� of in contact with a l'\'oj('ction� w ter pOWf'l' ,-"I.-klt I�"dg!lt IH [·ed releaser, D, mode va l thi-; 1.11" \,.�Iw a i'al.:le lit 'i'cit. ,,' . "hich the lected the loc�lity Fig. 1, Rpreads f!� :1H.· "it.) ba s and releas es the cross for wllat has · r �ince <1(,":"('I(":::�'i!- ltfUU. 11"1ig. into thQ\"ul'ioU3 or sn ug, E, 2\ n;f1nu�"nct"Hrin�t� ed to the pis establishll1cnr�, which is attacll all c:nonctrd ton rod, TillS cros8,head under tl10 F. name aGo,'o 1l!fl1- the or engages with tars tioned. The proJuctB of the ns of projec levers by mea several mills arc so well known tion..; plai nly throughout the c,}nn �t'en JI1 Fig, 2. try, that. Tbe hight from which the a brief e of' no' the prece['ses of llammer falls, and, in a manufacturing may prove of measure, tbe weight of the interest. blow, are governed by the The shops of company, TANDLER'S DRAWING AND UPSETTING POWER HAMMER. tlte hight of the releaser, which four in number. as alEO fi"e may be elevated or depressed by the rod, and gical knowledge among the lowe�t races generally is confined other factOl'ies through tbe village, arc driven lever, G ; H, scattel'ed l,y ndle, to an a uainta ce whh the precious met'l.ls, which are made water power drawn from the Naugatuck r\\'er, at point ha 1. cq n a 01)(' Further, to govern the force he blow, one side of the t em to subEerve many of the uses for which iron is em mile north of the town of Seymour, and brought of t bv h by a canal "i]o} hamnlcr l1a8 inclines against which two spriug clamjls, J, ployed l.Jy civili7.ed nations. The more difficult of fusion is and oIle-�ighth miles long, under a bead or fall of thirr.y-two a operated by handle, bear with any degree of pres8lue de the lJalive (,re, the greater the talent required for bringing it and one-balf feet, with a permanent power of fiftcFtI fcpt o.rawn �irable, ano. they may be regulated by or foot Illay into subjection; and the skill which can takE iron-itself en under thirty-inch ht'ad. The copper·rolling the first band as a mill, a� be most cOll\','nient. From tbe forEgoing description the ac tirely too refraetOlY to be fUSE'd a8 easily as silvpr and gold, or built of the company's shops, is worthy of firstnotice. Pr('vious tion of this hammer may be easily understood. even if to tile mp-tallic state by tbe intense heat of to the war, most of tbe copper used in tbe hrou.ght brong ht pig mill '7. us tbe m e Attached to ha m r· frame is a device for" upHetting" t he furnace, could never be wrong ht with the same ease as from South AmeJiea, but now little is derh-cd fr,)1ll this shaft or hpavy bar of if()n, hich suspended by a the malleablp ruetal8-Rnd make it many hundred fold source, as the metal can be obtained bpttcr a K, w is more at adysulage from v around wire rope or chain rnr.r.ing over a shea e and a more prt'CIOUS, wEight for weight, than the so,called precious tbe Lake Supeoior mines, intprmcdiu1ely heing smelled at the grooved wheel, L, of which runs out at the :;;ide ores, indicates in itself the high grade of prog-rees of the BaltImore or Clevela d worlts. in ots, or on the grccye � The g 1)lat(,8. re on one rart of its allowir'g bar to drop upen prpsen age. ceipt are remelted, refinpd, and, for convenience, into reri!,l:rry, the t run an anvil fixed undtl'l1ea ; thH end of the chain bein!! plates of unifollll si7.e and quality. The ro li th v, hed A knowledge of'the properties and value of alloys i� evi· l ng (If tltpse secured to the c.enter of tile groove of wheel, L, insuIing the plat�s, a t r a second heating, in o long thin sh�et�; the dence of a considerable advancement in the arts of li!e. Gold, f <' t an return tLe chain or ]'Ope and tbe raisin!! of the bar to be nealing of the latter to restore somewhat their of silver, and copper, hardened by combination with tin, consti m,,;kahility; worlied. The bammer and anvil dies are placed an angle to the at tuted the mated"l from which were formed the principal immersion in dilute vitriol remove black oxidc.and re· for conVEnil�nce in operating the trip and regulatl'lr. store the cllaracteristic pale-red tint of tlw brig!lt .metal ; weapons, tools, and metallic manufactures of the early ages, Patented through the SciE'ntific me ican Patent Agpncy, Equaring and cutting into re u ed �izes r('ady for A r and the civilizations of modern times. To the alloy q ir sltirment, at half August by Joseph Tandler, Grand Mich., are all �roeesses too simple to be specifically 27, 18G7, Hapids, bra�s is popularly accorried a far areater antiquity than by de� ... �ibed. who offers state rights for sale. right it is entitled to. The material is frequently spoken of The brass mill is the most important establishr.1ent of thp our n lish Bible, eVE'n Job mentioning it in the snccinct company's. and its several departments will admit of 4_" in E g a SOlUC' waste oil than ear jOl1Inab;'yet wasting- oil trf'atise on metallurgy, given in the xxviii. chapter of that what fuller description. Lake Superior copper ingotR BR'fTER w of in unnecessary if common sen8e guidE'� its hook; but tl,,· rderrnce evidently to copper; and there the smelting works, as befort', hloclm spelter i� USH. i� here from and of Hr"
© 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC J [SEPTEMBER 9, 162 dtutifi� �lUtritaU. 18tib u tes ; erate is w th t importance. Its ptice is generally in p i and melted together in black lead crucibles and r n into pla not i ou with 210 nts of boiling water, 5 pounds of monohy these must be annealed and pickled before rolling into strips, pro portion to the quantity of pure indigotine which it con drated sulphuric acid are added, while the whole is well s imparted to the tains, and it is most advantageous to employ the finest quali stirred with large wooden spat u les. in which form, after a part of the hardnes they are ties, in order to avoid, in m u acturing a fine quality ot' in Although this quantity acid is s ci t to dissolve sheets during the process of rolling is removed, an f of not uffi en s in other pans of the digo carmine, n mber of purifications, washing'S,etc., which all the prod uct, it is e nough to bring it to a very fine state of sent to market or uSl'd in variou ways a u has the citpacity for turning out soon become costly operations. The manufacturer must not division, and to keep in solution all the imourities during the establishments. The mm d six thousand pountls of rolled brass dailv. Tb.e first branch allo.., himself to be entirely guide by the external appear subsequent precipitation. Tile laUer is then oparated with vi�itor's ance of the indi o, the best qualit.ies of which are porous, 5 pounds of a sol t o of soda at 90°, and an equal qua nt'lty of manufacture which would be likely to engage the g u i n of u n strips light, clear, etc., but he should ascertain by one of the kno common salt for every 2 pounds of indigo. The mixture is interest, is the mode of making brass t bi g. The wn prepared as just stated, are brought from the rolling mill ; methods ihe quantity of pure indigotine it contains. carefully stirred, allowed to cool, and filtered on cloths about a min uniform a t two square yards in size, stretched on wooden supports. The one end shaped into tube form is placed in the die and the Indigo c r e consists of a perfectly p s e of a w whole strip is forced through the same, whereby a circular, fine copper color, without any granulations. Spread upon a mother ater has a dirty green tht. The filtered product is es lts. sheet of glass, and viewed"' by transparency, it should give a washed until the water which pas; haea clear blue tint. elliptical, star-shaped, or other form of tube r u Several lS s of such tubes beiug placed on a rack, the joint of each is cleaned, pure blue cobr with a light tint of violet. With imp.ure qualities indig) it is advantageous to re placed in it and set by running In the manufacture of indigo carmine, th first operation is -peat the latter operation to obtain perfectly pure product. a charge of borax and solder � a n i . The '1'he indigo carmine collected on linen filters is pressed, and the whole number simultaneously through a furnace. The the pulverization of the i d go author places some 1 () OXIde raised by the fire is now removed and the tubes are lbs. at a time in a wooden drum, properly closed, and in which finally a little glycerin is added to preserve a proper degree purposes to which the have been previously placed three cannon ball� of 6 Ibs, weight of moisture in the mass. ready for shipment. The number of each. This drum is fixed a wooden case, which catches iudigo yields about pounds indigo manufactures of this department are required in every-day to One pound of ten of carmine. use, is much larger than one would suppose ; stair rods in a any of the powder that may happen to escape during the ..---- pulv Iization. The drum is turned on its axis means of a ----- great variety of designs, rails for sliding doors to run upon, e py ------..� handle, and in about three hours the above quantity is com or lightning rods, are but a few of the multitudinous uses which Do Anbnals Thtnk Reason 1 pletely pulveri d. It is then withdrawn, pas�ed thr gh a little reliection will suggest, ze and ou The theory that animals think and reason, and their mental The manufacture of brass kettles by machinery is a branch a silken sieve containing 100 threads to the square inch. manifestations differ from those of mankind only in degree, Whatever remains on the sieve is put aside, and replaced in of industry carried on only at this E'stablishment and by a has fouud a new advocate in Ernest Men-alt. Here are some the drum a future peratio . Waterbury firm. The old English mode of making these in o n of the stories which he narrateR to establish the claims of was by the l'lborious one of cont n ,])he powder thus obtained must be completely dried, other culinary indispensables, i fleas, fishes, and bugs. He also claims for these inferior crea .when the uously and vigorously hammt'ring upon a sheet of metal wise; placed in contact with the sulphuric acid in tures the affections of parental love, ani an emotional nature, required shape was This pro next operation, it..would give rise to a degree of heat which until by degrees the assumed. capable of gratitude for kind treatment. by this company for' many would injure the product. The desic.cation is operated at a cess of battering was oper!i.ted There were industrious fleas before our time. Baron Walck· emp rat re C. years, and furnished the distinctive name by which the com t e u of 60° to 70° enaer (who died in 1852). saw with his own eyes, for sixpence, The plan now in is known as " Hay When the pulverized indigo is dry and has cooled, its dis a pany is still called. use in the Pl ce de la Bourse, Paris, four learned lieas perform the been granted for the sawe, solution in the acid is proceeded with, and as this part of the den's patent," a patent having manual exercise, standing upright on their hind legs, with a a proce�s determines the result the manufacture, is impos bearin'g date December 15, 1851. Squ re blanks of sheet of it splinter of wood to serve for a pike. Two other lieas dragged sible operate wi h much care. The author recommends brass are cut into circles of a diameter corresponding to the to t too a golden carriage, with a third fltla hold ing whip on the a metallic di ks quantitios should be operated on at a time, for the size of kettle required. Af,er annealing, the s that small box for coachman. Another pair dragged a cannon. The work is thus aci i at d, if an accident happens the loss is are brou ht in ca.tact with cast hon chucks revolving hori f l t e and flea horses were harnessed by golden chain fastpned to th�ir g a zontally with gr�3t velocity. A small steel friction roller, comparatively slight. hind legs, which was never taken off. They had lived this d resembling a button, is then brought in close contiguity to It is best to add the acid to the in igo, rather than the in way two years and a half, without any mortality among them running along outer surface of tlle blank, digo to the acid; the temperature rises less high, less sul the metal, and, the when Walckenaer saw them. They took their meals on their of he mold. .Four such operations phurous acid is produced, and issolu tion is ,more complete. spins it out to the shape t d kE'eper's arm. Their feats were performed on a plate of pol As to the quality the sulphuric acid employed, it must are commonly required before the kettle assumes its finished of ished glass. When they were sulky and refused to work, the annealed after each. The contain no nitric acid; for c.:>mplete safety it is best tG add a form , the metal requiring to be man, instead of whipping them, held a bit of lighted charcoal little sulp ate ammonia, to neutralize effects any course of the roller' is marked by the concentric rings which h of the of over their backs, which very soon brought them to their . nitric acid that might be prese t. The concentration of the are found upon most of the brass kettles in malket. The n sensl's. x � acid is another point of great imllortance. Acid at 66° did processes of wiling, fi ing on the ear and bales are aU re Bilt of what nse is c1evPInE'ss without a heart ? The flea not yield good results ; the stronger the acid, more per quired to make the kettle complete. Sizes range from one the has strong maternal afft'ctions. She lays her eggs'n the fect the issolution. It best to use ix t re of of halt to thirty-two gallons capacity. d is a m u 4t parts crannies of floors, in the bedding of animals, and on babies' fuming sulphuric acid and 1 part of acid at 68° Manufacturing bnrners for kerosene lamps is conducted on Baume. night clothes. When the helpless, transpllrent larvae appear, The weaker the acid the more violet will be the indigo car a large scale in one department of ihis shop. - Tbe welt the mother flea feeds them, as the dove does its young', by mine prod ucedi'when viewed by transparency. known" sun burner " is made exclu�ively by this company, disllhargiDg into their moutbs the contents of her stomach. The follo ing is the method adopted by Herr Roesler: who are the sole proprietors of the patent. Anothdl' room in IV Grudge her not, therefore, one small drop of blood. For you J immings, One pound weight of the indigo is placed in the same building is devoted to making hool'skirt t pulveriz�d it is nothing but a flea bite ; for her it is the life of her be earthenware dishes ke,?t cool'by water, and upon it is poured a paren ly a very insig i ficant industry, but in reality a very offl:lp��lIg, p t n bved lbs. of of acids above ql1oted, cooled. thriving one. The pieces nre stamped out by the thousands 21- the mixture pr;eviouely While .ptta&ng, however, for the flea, we cannot do as and sold in bulk to the skirt The mass is stirred with a thick glass ro , slowly at first, from sheets of copper, tinned, d much for the bug, though he is gifted with fuller developed then more rapidly, so as pr«;lvent the indigo from agglom manufactures for fastening the tapes and web to the hoop to i ntelhgence. An inquisitive gentleman, wishing to know erating. In the course of about half an hour the whole springs. Harp-han gers for kerosene lamps, clock trimmings, forms how the bug became aware of human presence, tried the fol ty are a dark smooth paste, almost black, ; it is stirred rather slowly, and copp!'r burrs and rivets in almost endless varie lowing experiment: He got into a bed suspended from the For making last while a second qUllD tity of acid, equal to that already men other products of this department. the ceiling, with'mt any tester, in the middle of an unfurnished tioned, is added. Wh n the mixture froths considerably and c named, wire is fed into a machine, which cuts it off the e room. He then pla ed on the floor I!o bug, which, guided evolves much sulphurous acid gas, it is a bad sign ; on the proper length, and heads it by two blows. The demand for probably by smell, pondered the means of reaching the bed. Lelt, hose, and contrary, the operatiun may be con_ldered successful when, these articles cQmes principally from harness ,After deep reflection, it climbed up the wall, traveled straight after the mixt re is completed, the thick foam of little bub makers. Copper bottoms for kettles, wash basins, and boilers, u across the ceiling to the s,>ot immediately over the bed, and bles of gas for ms upon the surface while the mass grad all ILre stamped out from sheets ; annealed and pickled, they are . u y then dropped plump on the observer's nose. Was this, or thickens. a washed on the concave side, first With ml.lricate of zinc, then was it not an act of intellig nce ? by a s olution of lead and tin ; when dried they are ready for It is true that this manner of dissolving indigo is somewhat The Fish belongs to the great Flathead family. The same the tinners. slow, since one workman can scarcely operate upon a hund Bort of platitude whiCk you see in his person doubtJess extends In the wire drawing mill, coils of rough imported English red-weight per diem, but the results are always good. to the whole of his character. Y <>u have met him somewhere wire are drawn by power through dies of varying diameter The operation is not yet complete, however ; the transfor· in human shape-one of those pale-faced wishy-w&suy gentle . until reduced to sizes required by the trade. Each drawing mation of the indigo into sulphindigo&ic acid is not entirely men, whose passions have extinguished all heart and feeling ' necessitates a separate annealing and pickling. The wire is effected, and if the process is immediately continued at this You often find them in diplomatic reg'ionq, and can t tell coated with flour or lime to prevent wear on the dies as als� point, a bad result can alone ensue. The earthenware ves whether they are fish or flesh. But if their mental powers to preserve it from oxidation when ready for market. A sels must now be covered to protect them from dust, and thAir are less developed, their term of existence is more extended. large amount. of ire is called for to supply the pin machines contents allowed to remain in this state for about a fortnight, They gain l ngevity what they lose warmth tempera Vi itt o in of in the neighboring towns of Waterbury and Birmingham, care being taken to I!tirup the mixture now and then during ment. the but by far tb.elargest demand company now have comes that interval, and to warm the vessels a little on the last fe w Nevertheless, the skill with which the stickle-back con from the West, where it is used in enormous quan tities for days. The whole product is thus transformed irito a thick structs his nest is now a matter of natural history. Other making fences. One of th" uses of wire just beina intro mass, covered by a thinner or more liq uid layer. fishes display an address WhICh we acquire only by long and < duced, is for making shoe pegs, a B lston notion. The wire The next operation is that of precipitation. Tbe contents constant practice. One fellow, with a muzzle prolonged into for this purpose is made oval or three cornered. and a half of five of the ealthen ware vessels are emptied in�o a large a narmw tube (which he uses as a popgun), prowls about the turn given to the pegs prevents them from drawing out of vat and 237k pints of pure cold water are added, a'.d then, banks of tidal rivers. On spying a flyon the water weeds, he c ce the boot sole. gzad ually, a on ntra ed s'llution of common salt (1'17 sp. slyly swims up until he gets within five or six feet of it. He Clock· making, one of Connecticut's lllOst important indus gr,), until the whole of the coloring matter is precipitated . then shonts it with water from his proboscis, never failing to tries, is vigorously carried on in Ansonia. The movement The author formerly used carbonate of soda instead of saIt, bring down his game. A Governor of the Hospital at Bata c and case departments occupy now the same building, pend but the cost is greater and loss of time ensues on account of via, doubting the fa t, though attested by credi ble witnesses, ing the construction of a new shop which, on its completion, the violent efferv(.sceilce. procured some of these fish to witness their pranks. He stuck will be monopolized. by the former business. Space would By the use of common falt a krge amount of hydrochloric a fly on a pin at the end of a I!tick, and placed it so as to at v fail to describe the processes of con er ting the rough stock acid is generated, which attacks the ordinary suspE'nded fil , tract their notice. To his great delight, they shot it with into attractive and substantial cases, or making the intricate ters hitherto used . The fi}l;ration is therefore effected in cases their water guns, or which he rewalded them a treat " f with of mechanism constituting what is known as the movement, provided with false bottoms pierced with holes, over which insects. and finally, fitting together the com pleted whole. Jeady for a the well-soaked filtering material lies. The first portions The pike has proved himself not only intel1igent, but even long life of useful service. The shops of this and other com which pass must be passed again through the apparatus until capable-disbelieving it who will-of gratitude. panies in the Village are open to visitors, and no more in the liquid filters clear. The clear so ution which filters " While living at. Durham," says Dr. Warwick, " t.)ok l I a structive summer tour can be undertaken than a trip through through IS of a blackish green tint. When salt has been walk one evening at Lord Stamford's rark. On reaching a u the Naugatuck riqer valley, With a short sojo rn at the vil used, the clear liquid is afterwards evaporated to cry stallizf' ; pond in whicb fish were kept ready for use, I obsefved a fine lages of Birmingham, Ansonia, Waterbury, and Seymour. when chloride of potassi um is used, instead of �alt, sulphin pike of some six: pounds weight. At my approach he darte.d ---- digotate of potassa is obl,ained, but this product is not so sol away li e an arrow. In his hurry knocked his hea ------.. � ..------k he d as MANUFACTURE OF INDIGO CARMINE. uble tbe soda compound , and is therefore less e8teemed. ag!1insf an iron hook. fixed in a post in the water, fracturing' When the filtration is finished, the filter is doubled upon his skull and injuring the optic nerve on olle side of his head. A recipe for a green color for confectioners' use, published itself, and the product submitted to careful pressure. The He appeared suffer terrible pain ; he plunged into the mud, a to No. curren 'volume, has called forth w u,iry the in 10, t 'l as to cakes of indigo carmine th us obl,ained are fit for certain pur floundered hither and thIther, and at last leaping out of the nature of indigo carmine, and its method- of manu'aclure poses; but is desirable to u rnis� a prodqct capable water, fell the bank. el>amination, porti on of the whe. it f on 01 a The 10llowingdescription will fOlUld Qomplete I'.newer /living vel'Y pure tints, filet brain was protruding ihrough tIJefractured I'lkqll. be II, to of ihis yield must be sllb'llitted seen inquiries: making of these to a few more 01'6rl1tionB. "This I carefully reatured to its place, use a on Iu tbe,.tirstplace, tbe choice of lhe indlgo which to oll' The precipita.te yielded by II pounds of indigo, Ii mllted amall �llver toothpick to rail!9 the splinters of broken hone.
© 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 1868.] J SEPTEMBER 9, ritutifit !tntritau. 163 The fi�h remained quiet during the operation ; whpn it was able joint, so tbat the lower extremity of the bar should lie practical mechanic and on observation, aud cannot be more over be plungl'd into the pond. At first his sufftlrings ap upon a central ratchet lying parallel to and between the ra ils, vtl l uable than that of any in· elligent mechanic. p�ared to be relieved, but in the course of a fe w minutes he would operate thus : The long bar would e1i:pand by the heat There is no royal road to success in mechanics ; there are began rushing right and left, until he again leaped out of the of thfl sun, and, being prevented by the central ratchet from no books published which will make a "natural mechanic " a water. downward motinn, would push thfl car up the inclined plane. practical mechanic, and the sooner our young men appreciate "I called tbe keeper, aud with his assistauce applied a The side panels and ratchets would bold it there, so that uf}on the fact the better for their welfare aud the credit of the no· bandage to the fracture. That done, we restored him to the subsequent cooling the bar would be dra wn up, and, taking a ble army of wealth producers. To be a marine engineer one .pond and left him to his fate. Next morning, as soon as I new hold upon the central ratchet, would, wht.n heated should understand every part and piece of the engine and all reached the water's edge, the pike swam to meet me quite again, pusb up the car. In this way, step by step, through its connections. He should be competent to do or direct in close to the bank, and laid his head upon my feet. I thought successive days and nights, the car would be lifted to the tap case of accident or repair. How can he best acquire that by must tbis an extraordinary proceed mg. Without further delay I of the inclined plane, precisely as a tin roof sometimes crawls knowledge ? Evidently practice, and practice begin examined the wound, and found it was healing nicely. I then out of its place by c Jntraction and expansion. An enormous in tbe shop. Jobbing about a marine or any other engine strolled for some time by the side of the pond. The fish weight might thus be elevated, which, in its descent, could never made an engineer-it may enable one to �'un an engine engineer--" a one, swam after me, following my steps and turning as I turned. be made to supply power for mechanical work ; but here when everything goes right. But an good "The following day I brought a few young fEYends with comes in the practical difficulty. It will have taken days to a competent one"-such . as OUI' correspondent evidently de· me to see the fish. He came toward me as before. Li ttle by have thus stored up the force, whicb, though it might be sires to be, must begin at the beginning, go into the shop little he became EO tame as to come to my whistle, and eat enormous, would be so concentrated that, to apply it, great and work. In his leisure hourd study " Bourne's Hand Book," out of my hand. With other persons, on the contrary, he multiplication of its motion would be nece�sary. This wonld "Russell's Steam and Steam Navigation," "Main and Brown continued as shy and wild as ever." lead to com plication of parts, and loss from friction. This on the Marine Engine," and other authorities. Still, books description has onl y been introduced to llI1l&kate the fact that are but an aid, an accompaniment to his daily labor and daily the direct application of the sun's heat to motion can only be expflrif"nce, an :.! in no case to take the place of that lahor or practically made by great concentration, through a long pe that experience. To ascend a ladder one must begin at the riod, of the force g nerated by it, and that tbe chief practical first rung. hJwever much his natural taste may enable him The Editors are not respon8ible for the opinions e"pres8ed by their 601'- e 1V38Pondent8 difficulty lies in the distribution of the force to work after it to see through the ladder.-EDs. Concentration, TransmissIon, and Transportatlon has been so concentrat�d. ------_... ----- of Motive Pow-er. . The inclined planes do not need to be artificial. Nature To Find the Number of Teeth in the Gears Used on the Sp1ndle and the Leading Screw-. MESSRS EDITORS :-In the late work of John Bourne, en has_prQjiided for tbat ; and the sun, as we have seen, is con titled "Recent Improvements in tbe Steam Engine," in stantry puttingyast weights of water upon th"ir summits. MESSRS. EDITORS :-I send a copy of my rules for screw It wonld be di cult to find a place wbere power is required cutting on engine lathes : speaking of researehes in thermo-dynamics, made by Joule, fii Take any convenient he sa\'s: "It has lon g been known that heat may be m'lde in large measure tJiat has not a range of hills within two RULE. the number of threads in dis the leading scre w, for h to produce power, and that power may be made to produce hundred miles of it, where powerful wheels might be placed. tance on t e number of teeth on the gear on the spindle, and the num ber of threads in tb e same heat. But Mr. Joule has 6hown by �laborate experiments But how transmit the power, or how transp(lrt it ? This i s that the heat produced by fr iction is the mechanical equiva the question to which the age demands an answer, and to the distance OD the screw to be cut, for the number of teeth on lent of the power expended in maintaining friction ; and solution of wbich mechanical genius should be at once ap· the gear on the leading screw. EXAMPLE. that the power represented by the descent of a pound weight plied. Some suggestions upon tbe means of so doing must The leadIng serew of a lathe being 5 threads to tbe inch, required the !fears to cut 8 threltds. through 772 feet, or 772 pounds through one foot, would, if be reserved for a future occasion. A. In inches of the leading screw there are threaos which expended in friCLftlU, produce as much heat as would raise .�,"'.. 4 20 A Patent In 1655. ture of a pound of water one degree gear put on the spindle, and in 4 inches Qn the screw to be tempera Fahrenheit. MESSRS. the EDITORS :-In the records of the Cr>lony of Massa cut there are threads, which gear put on the leading If we had a perfect engine for extracting the power from 32 chusptts Bay I find the following passage relating to a patent screw. But Buppose you have no tooth gear ; take some we ought to be able to recover from the bpat generdted 32 heat, I'(ranted to Joseph Jpncks, Sen., for an engine for the more by friction the exact amount of power 'expended in generat other distance. say 6 iaches, and the gear, required will have speedy cutting of grass : ing the heat. But in the best existing steam engines it is 30 and 48 t.,eth. S()any distance may be taken. "In ansr to tbe mocc on of Joseph Jencks, Sen., itt is or Again, suppose the leading scre w to be threads to the found tbat only about one tenth of the value of the heat it 4 dered that Jaseph Jencks, Sen , and his assignes only, shall obtained as power, the residue being wholly wasted ; so that inch ; req uirbd the gears for cuttin g 6 threads. have graunt"d to them to make that engine the said if a steam engine were ,employed to generate heat by fric libertje In eight inches ot the leading screw thQre are 32 threads, Jencks hath proposed to this Court, for the more speedy cut tion, only one tenth of the power would be obtained that and in 8 inches of a 6 thread screw there are 48 threads ; then ting of grasse, for seven Yeares, and that no inhabItant, or would have to be consumed in the production and mainte 32 and 48 are the gears wanted. other person wthin this Jurisdiccon, during that tj me sb all nance of the friction. The steam engine, indeed, has now In cutting the same number of threads as the leading make or use any of that kind of engine thout license first been found to be very wasteful machine ; and the cause of w screw, the gears sbould both have the same number of teetb, a obtajned from the �ajd Joseph Jencks, on the pC€jlalty of five it no mat r what that number is. the waste is traceab,e to the fact that deals with extremes pounds every made be �e for snch engine so or vsed, to recoured From the foregoing it be any having of temperature but little removed from one another, instead will seen that gears, at in ;lhif! by the aaid J.oseph J_cks' of with extremes of temperature as far removed from one any ·Cllq.rt jurisdiceou the Bame rali·) to each other as the number of threads gi ven Sen., or ssig his R nee." may bol as possi ble." and required, used with the same result. another of Can you inform me wbat sort engines were made in in In view the facts that sucb a waste is as far as can be The pitch of a screw is the distance gained. the oirec· of H. B. HARRISON. those days? tion of its axis, by one revolution of the screw, and is usually foreseen an inevitable concomitant of the use of steam as a [In " those ys all machine driven by any power except motor, and that as the coal supplies in different parts of the da " s expressed by a fraction. hand l1J.bor were en in s. Thfl engi ne referred to, in de m n t r denoting the ,!,itch of a rew, world must eventually fail, and also tbat tb e time is not far c/llled g e TluJ no i a o of tluJfr action sc vented Joseph Jencks, mentioned the c l ia distant, comparatively speaking, when in many locations the by Senior, in o on l is tluJ number of threads in the number of irwhes denoted by the records from the above extract is ta priee of coal must advance so as to increase the expense of which ken, was one of a numerator. series of inventions made making of EXAMPLES. 8team, why steam is the only motor except water power by him for the scythes 1 -5th of an inch pitch is 5 tbreads in 1 inch ; and other edged tools with which is to any great extent available becomes a pertinent greater speed and perfection than 3-16ths of an inch pitch is 16 tbreads in 3 inches ; 1 5·8ths • had previously been accomplished. It was not an engine di = inquiry. pitch is (1 58the 13-8tbs) 8 threads in 13 inches ; 11·30ths rectly applit'able to utting grass, as tbe quaint language ea in Al though future discov�ries may yet .render electricity c of of an inch pitch is 30 thr ds 11 inches ; 15 22ds pitch is the record might seem to imply. It m r y a ac i availabl e as a motor, there is no immediate prospect of its W1S e el m h ne, 22 thr2ads in 15 inches. dn�n scythes upon a new In the last two cases suppose the leading screw to be 5 bec)ming so. Heated air is gradually coming more into use by .w.ftier POWeT, to manufacture principle of construction, for light service, but with this there must be always more or which gave greater length and threads to the inch ; required the gears. thinness to �be blade the requi being gi leES loss of heat, from the same C'luseswhich occasion 108s in . site strength ven to In 11 inches of the leading scre w tbere are 55 threads, and it by welding a rib of iron to the back of it, now done by in 11 inches of tbe screw to be cut there are 30 threads. Put steam production. There remains the strength of animals; rolling yet with theEe as motors of machinery, no economy over instead of welding. This was a great improvement 55 gear on the spindle, and 30 gear on the leading scrs-w. upon the short, thick, steam can be obtained. For although a pound of meat, or and clumsy English scythes used at Again, in 15 inches of the leading screw there are 75 threads, that period. Although butter, or hotley, or a bushel of corn, will be converted into many improvements bave since been and in 15 incbes of tbe screw to be cut there are 22 threads ; made in modes of manufacturing scythes, no radical cbange but suppose there is no 22 gear at hand, it is at hand it power with far less wastfl in the anim"l economy than simi or if in their form has taken place. is too sUlall to be driven without crowding ; double the num lar quantities of coal can be in the furnace of a steam boiler, Joseph Jencks. Senior, was one the preparation of the animal fuel, the conversion of carbon of the most skilled mechan· bers already found, and use 150 gear on the spindle, and 44 ics and inventors of his time. He was the first founder of on the leading screw. and hydrogen into butter or corn, is an expensive process, and brass and iron on the Western Continent. In 1652 was © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 164 $ titttfifit [SEPTEMBER 9, 1868. THE WRITTEN LANGUAGES!tutrit�u. the on the lending screw, and u se two intermediate gears on OF SAVAGES. diagrams on pages 266 and 353, Vol. xv. ScIENTIFIC AMER stud, one with double t he number of teeth of the other, ICAN, in relation to the probable original form of the Arabic same In our last issue published Brticl e on the " Arts and we an and let the gear on the spiudle work into the smaller one and numerals, an d according Manufactures of Savages," a ('f two of a to Sir William Jones the elaborate n being" synops:s the gear on the lea i g screw work into the larger one, and written system of the Chinese is to this day but a system of d series of lectures deJivered by Sir John Lubbock, m., F. R. S., the eq ed picture writings, abstract r uir speed will be obtained. before the Royal Institution. In erie he has at ideas being conveyed by symbols the same s s Ldt hand c e ws gain in the opposi te direction from right derived from crude representations s r tempted to sho ;v the eruie ideas of written language en ter of visible objects. hand screws, and one more or one less intermediate gear is as illustrations i Fig. of the diagrams represents an Indian census roll or tained by uncivilized man, ming cop es Of 1 u roster of a band sed to give the proper motion. the wri ten language of North Amorican T hree of entitled to annuities from the United States l t Indians. In clltting arge screws much time is Raved by using a half Governmen t. Some of the figures in the compartments are e is nut which may be raised off the screw while the carriag eaeily recognizable as No. 5, a catfish, the six strokes denoliog n pitch moved by ha d . When the screw to be cut is the same the number of individuals in the family. No. 8 is the beaver fam as the leading screw or one half 01' one fourth of the same, ily of three persons ; number 9, the sun ; 13 the eagle ; th� lathe may be kept running ahead aU the time. But wh en and here we see the popular and traditional " spread eagle," at the end of still seen on our the pitch is diffe rent, if the lathe be stopped coins and coats of arms. No, 14 is a snake ; r each cut, and the ca riage moved back by hand, a certain 22, a buffalo ; 34, an ax ; 35, a " medicine man," or priest, etc. screw all right. According number of inches the nut will gear into the to Schoolcraft, a party of explorers, with two EXAMPLES. The leading screw being 4 threads per inch , to Indian guides, saw one morning, as they wele about to start, 3 1·3d threads, the carriage may be moved, 3, 6, or leaning pole stuck up in the direction they aut 9, 12 a were going, holding at the inclJ es. 2 1,2 threads, 2, 4, 6, or 8 inches. top a piece of birch bark covered with the E. S. drawings sho in Milton, Mass. CHAPEJ;.L. wn Fig. 2. No. 1 represents the officer in comma.nd of a squad of United States soldiers. He ------�-.�.�.�------carries a Water-Wheels Faster the Night sword to denote his rank. No. 2 is the secretary, holding a 'Of) Run In than In book. No. 3 is the geologist mineralogist tbe D�T " and of the party, to be a very gen eral be· :MESSRS, EDITORS :-There seems carrying a hammer. NOB. 4 and 5 are attaches. No . 6 is the of lief among those who have charge mills, that the water interpreter. No. 9, eight infantry soldiers, their muskets wheel runs with more force at night than during the day shown in No. 10. 1\0. 15 denotes that they had a separate fire regarded by many as superstition ; but I and constituted a separate time. This idea is a mess. Nos.7 and 8 are two Chippewa io clined hink that there are valid reasons for believ gnides. It will be noticed that the whites are all represent am to t a f n at on in fact. The wheel is put in mo ed with hats ; the Chippewas ill"tbat it has ou d i have none. The hawk with he water. Gravity results from a spread wings shows the party tio'"'n by the gravity of t to be on a journey, and Nos. 11 mutual ction of p rticles for each other-a law which and 12 are a prairie hen and turtle, the procl eds attr� 'l of the pre At no one will dispute prevails through the solar system. vious day's chase. noon the ttraction of the sun would have the effect to coun One of the b est specimens of Indian pictorial writing is 3 of earth, and l ssen the gravity of shown in Fig 3, which repre!ents terac� the attraction th" p an Indian pe tition to the the water ; wbile at midnight the attraction of the sun com President of the United States, and is thus described by bines with that" o f. the earth to increaEe the gravity of the Schoolcraft : "No. 1 is the totem of lhe ch ief, cal led Oscha be true, the effect should be most bawis, who headed the water. If this theory party, who is seen to be of the Ad-ji at t he neW of the moon, when the attraction of the jauk, or Crane cl an. To the eye of the bird standing marked these we reproduce from a notice of his lectures as published br this and moon tends to counteract that of the earth during ch ief the eyes of all the other totemic animals sun in the Engineer. It will be seen that he attempts of savages are directed, w these t the day time, and to combine ith it .at night. Under to produce a representation of ideas by vi&ible signs are sim. as denoted by lines, to symbolize union of views. The heart the dynamic circumstances the gravity of the water, and ilar to those made by the children of ed ucated and enlight. of each animal is also connected by lines with the heart of than in force exerted by the wheel must be greater at night ened parents-merely natural symbols, or rather pictorial the Crane chief, to denote unity of feeling and purpose. ' If the day time ? How could it be other�ise ? representations. By neither can the connection between the these symbols are successful they denote that the whole party F. FOWLER. see and feel alike-that they are Ne w York city. . G. parts of a sentence be discovered without the exercise of ex one. No. 2 is a warrior, ver shared) [The " general belief " (in which we have ne perienced judgment or of a lively imagination, and either called Wa i-mit-tig.oazh, of the totem of the Marten. The r its truth or falsity, and may be easily demon st ated as to may go astray unless guided by practice and a knowledge of na.me signifies literally " He of the Wooden Vessel," which is the the�ry of our therefore does not require argument. But the habits of tho ught of the writer. It is evident that pic the common designation of a Frenchman, and is supposed to n the cause of the fact (if the fact exists) ful have reference to the firstappearance corrpspond e t as to torial writing could be u e mainly in the statement of of a ship in the waters bined in s does not seem to be entirely Eatisfactory. The com bald facts, as only visible or otherwise well known obj ects of the St. Lawrence. No. 3, O-ge-ma,.geRAhig, is also a warrior fluence sun and moon is only sufficient to produce the rise of the Marten clan. The name means literally " Sky Chief." of l as tide ; and even l owing for its No. 4 represents a third warrior IOn the ocean known the a of the Marten cl an. The of which extreme hight on sh9res the peculiar conformation name of Mu k-o·mia·udraina is a species of a small land tor a concentrates, so to speak, the force otherwise spread over toise. No. 5, O-mU8h-k08e, or th e Little Elk, of the Bear to the total rise is hardly to be appreciated tem, No. 6, or the Little Bird, of the of large snrface, yet Penai-llU, totem the reference It when c onsidered with to the bulk of the earth. Ne -ban,.a�aig, or Man Fisher. This clan represents a myth of n u some time ago, as remarkable fact (?), that a the Chippewas, who believe in the existence of a class was a no nced a of an a ke Er ie. tide of one third of an inch had beeu detected in L imals in the Upper lAkes, called Ne ,ban-a-:baig, pa�taking of g a body of water only one third of an inch lise the double natures of a man and a fish, a notion H on 80 lar e which, ex ,n takes pl ace, how much " ould the tide (combined attracti cept as to the sex, 'has its analogies in the superstitions of of a of Bun and moon) of a mill pond affect the running Western Europe, respecting a mermaid. No. 7, No -wa;je-wun, ?-EDs. or the " Strong Stream ," is a warrior, of O-waue-wug, wotp.r wh eel the or � Catfish totem .. Beside the union of eye to eye, and ------.- .. �------heart to Cor In dex heart, above depicted, ba.wis Plan Plates. OtJh.ca as represented by his to my last communication to your tem of the Crane, has a line drawn from his eye MESSRS. EDITORS :-Since forward, to v l me), I have worked out the denote the course of his journey, and another line paper (on page 101, © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC SEPTEMBER 9, 1868.] J 165 RECENT titufifit!!.NTS !tUtritau.THE STEAM ENGIN E readily decomposed, undergoes in this treatment such altera- IMPROVEM IN FEED· packing serves for fixing it throughout the entire length. FOR of hard I.NG SOOO£ LOOOMOr.rVES. The portion tions as to render its employ ment in the manufacture of the line where the trough is lixed is a curve of soap very difficult. It is suitable enough, however, as an in- The name of John Bourne has become so well known to l-mile radins, and the outer rail is canted 1 inch above the sed gredient in soft soap with a potassa base, a soap much u mechanical engineers through his former works, that the inner, the wood packing being made taper lor fixing the in Bel gium and Hulland, which explains the favor which the simple announcement of another tr�ati8e from his pen is suf trough horizontal ; but the cant does not interfere wi th .t he distillation process en joys in those countries. Saponification ficient to secure its favorable reception. The little work en efficient action of the scoop on the tender, since it amounts by lime is, however, generally more employed. The process to only inch on the lO-inch wid th of scoop. At each titled, " Recent Improvements in the Steam Engine " which ! ex of decomposition with water under a high pressu e an tremity of the water trough is an overflo w pipe, limitino' the l" d has just been issued from the press of J. B. Li p pincott & Co., ." temperature is beginniug to find favor in places where suI· Philadelphia, is a supplement to the Catechism of the Steam hight of water in the trough. phuric acid is costly, but certainly the former method is in Engine, and contains the most recent improvements both in " The trough contains 5-inch depth of water, and the scoop use in most manufactories. It is the most simple of all, as construction and practice as well as the most novd applica dips 2 inches mto the water, leaving a cl earance of 3 inches well as the oldest, and it gives undoubtedly the best results, tions of steam power as a motor, together with acconuts of ut the bottom of the trough for any deposit of ashes or although it is the most costly. S ix operations are necessary the latest improvements in steam, air, and gas engines as stones. The trough is so constructed as to present no ob . to convert the tallow into fatty acids. shown in the Paris Exposition of 1867. It is profusely illus- struction to be caught by any loooe couplings or dra:;r-chains 1. The formation of the soap of lime. trated, and should be read by all interested in the progress that may be hanging from the trains pSEsing over it ; and ex 2. Its extraction from the vat. of the arts. periments have been tried with a bunch of hook chains and 3 . The decomposition of the soap of l ime by sulphuric acid. As a speci men we extract the fo llowing descrip�ion of the screw couplings hanging down behind the tendE r and 4. The washing with acidulated water. feeding scoop for locomo�ives as nnlVUSed in England for sup- dragged al ong the trough without any damage occurring. 5. Washing.with pure water. plying water to them while rnnning, and have also repro- "As to any dIfficulty from ice, a thorough trial ha s been af forded 6. Crystallization. duced the engravings by which the devic\l is illustrated. by severe winters ; and by means of a small ice Then follow, by ilifferent means, the separation of the olid plough, which was r un through the tr::mgh by hand each s " This apparatus,represen�ed in Figs. 1 and 2, consists of an from the liquid acids, by means of hydraulic pressure. Until open trough of water, lying longitudinally between the rails morniDg, the coati ng of ice was rl'mov"rl from the surface of latterly, the saponification of lime has been eff cted in large the water, and no more formed aftf'tward e at about the rail level, and a dip. pipe or scoop at�acbed to the was excepting a wooden vats, in which the melted tallow was mix!'d with bottom o f t he tender, with its luwer end curved for ward and .fUm so thin that it was removed by the scoop itself in pass lime, in the proportion of 14 of lime to 100 of tallow. Boiling dipping into the wat!'r of the trough, so as to scoop up the ing through the trough without being fel t at all. It has in was necessary for six seven hours, and it was indispensa- deed been 8hown, that the continuanco of this action or water and deliver it into the t�nder tank while running with should be the succession ble, for the success of the operation, that the mass -al0D¥. of trains in ordinary worldng would be But� kept constantly in agitation by stirring. This process, be- - ficient in this climate to prevent the lormation of anv ice sides being tedious to the workmen, long oodver y difficult to thicker than could be readily and safely removed by th� pas carry out properly, required a considerable quantity of steam; sage of the scoop alone, even during the severest seasons_ and, in spite of all care, saponification was always incomplete, " The principle of action of this apparatus consists in taking especially in those places where the current of steam had not advantage of the hight to which water rises in a tube, when properly penetrated. a given velocity is imparted to it on entering the bottom of To obviate th;lse imperfections an apparatus has been de the tube ; the converse operation being c'lrried out in this vised working under a mean pressure of forty -five pounds, in case, the water being stationary and the tube moving through which the saponification by lime is worked economically it at the given velocity. The theoretical high t, without al without manWlJ laber, with reduced proportion of ten or lowing for friction, etc., is that from which a heavy body has a eleven per ce;t of lime, in place of fo urteen per cent, and to fall in order to acquire the same velocity as that with without a large consumption of steam. which the water enters the tube. Hence, since a velocity of The process is effected in a fixed temperature of 130°, in 32 feet per second is acquired by falling throngh 16 fe et, a of stead of that of 100', which it is impossible to exceed in an velocity 32 feet per second, or 22 miles per hour, would open vat, is always ("hemically complete, and the separation raise the water 16 feet : and other velocities being proportion· of the oleic acid is easily effected by hydraulic pressure. ate to the equare rOJt of the higbt, a velocity of 30 miles This apparatus is workinll at the preseRt time in eighteen per hour would raise the water 30 feet very nearly (a conve different manufactories on the Continent, and is in course of nient number for reference), and 15 mi les per hour would construction at twenty other establishments. The tallow is raise the water 7t feet-half the velocity giving one quarter melted in a sheet iIOn basin, and the lime is prepared in an the hight. III the present apparatus the hight that the adjacent vessel. These vessels are provided with large taps, "The water tro ugh, A, Figs_ 1 and 2, of cast iron. 18 inch es water is lifted is 7t feet from the level in the trough to the and the bases are inclined to facilitate the flowing out of the wide at top by 6 inches deep, 18 laid upon the sleepers be top of the delivery pipe in the tender, which requires theor liquid. each is placed a steam injector to heat the mass. tween the rails at such a level that when full of water the etically a velocity of 15 miles per hour ; and tbis con In IS Both ba8ins are of exact size, and so determine the propor surface of the .water is 2 inches above the level .of the rails. firmed by the results of experiments with the apparatud : for tionate quantities of matter under treatment. The melted The scoQP, :a,' raising the .water 'from the trO\i.gh, is of at a speed of 15 miles per hour the water ii! picked from {Pr. uo tallow and lime flow into an upright chamber, and thence brass, with an orifice 10 inches wide; by 2 inches high ; when the trough by the scoop and raised to the top of the delivery forced up a pipe by hydraulic pressure into the saponifier, lowered for di pping hito ' the trOugh, its bottom edge is just pipe, and is maintained at that hight while mnning through which forms a large boiler of sheet iron, working up to sev level with the rails and immersed 2 ioches in the water. 'f he the trough, without being discharged into the tender. , and placed vertically, water entering the scoop, B, is forced up the delivery pipe, C, enty.five pounds pressure per incb The theoretical maximum quantity of water that the ap resting on four feet, which lift the lower end about three feet which disehR rges it into the tender tank, being turned over paratus is capable of lifting is the cubic content of the ch an three inches from the ground. This apparatus ill provided at at .the top so as to prevent the water from splashing over. nel scooped out of the water by the mouth of the scoop in the upper part with valves, gages, taps, etc. On one side The scoop is carried on a transverse center beari ng, D, and uassing through the entire leng th of the trough ; this meas are placed cocks at different levels, in order that samples may when not in use is tiltp,a, up by the balance weight, E, clear ures 10 inche� width by 2 inches depth below the surface of be drawn offfrom time to time. On the lower end are placed of the ground. For dipping into the water trcugh it is de the water in the trough, and 441 yard8 1en!!�h-amounting to the steam injectors, and so constructed that the closing of pressed by means of the handle, F, from the footplate, which 1,148 gallons or 5 tons of water. The maxi mum result in valves on the inside prevent any of the melted contents of the requires to be held by the engine.man a.s long" as the scoop raising water with the apparatus is found to be at a speed of boiler from flowing into them. A large cock for drawing off has to be kept down. about 35 miles per hour, when the quantity raised amounts is provided, and a pipe carries the calcareous soap into the de to as much as the above theoretical total ; so that, in order to tallow and lime are dis composing chamber. The mingled al low for the percentage of loss th'tt must unavoidably take charged from their respective vessels into the chamber, place, it is requisite to measure tbe effectivearea of the scoop the boiler ; there, two whence they are forced up a pipe into at nearly the outside of the metal, which is t inch thick and size of the apparatus, or three jets of �team, according to the feather-edged outward, making the orifice Elightly bell are discharj!'ed into the boiler by tweers, and all communica mouthed and measuring at tb e outside lOt inches by 2J tions to or from it are closed. The steam in penetrating in- inches ; this gives 1,356 gallons for the extreme tbeoretical to the boiler heats the liquid mass, and the saponification be quantity. By experiment it appears that the variation in tbe comes perfect without any assistance from workmen. From quantity of water delivered is very slight at any speed above time to time it is advisable to test the progress by drawing 22 miles per hour, at which nearly the fnll delivery is ob five or six honrs thepressu e tained lIamples from the taps, and after r ; the greater velocity with which the water enlers ut h-aving become equal, in the boiler and the steam generator the higher speeds being counterbalanced by the reduetbn in the process is comple�e. the total time of action while the scoop is traversing the fixed The water saturated with glycerin is then drawn off by length of the trough. It also appears that at any speed sbovel The upper end of the scoop, B, is 8haped to the form of a the taps at the bottom of the boiler, and the calcareous soap circular arc, as is al so the bottom of the delivery pipe, C, so that which is sufficient to discharge the water freely from thO} sulphu is taken into the decomposition chamber, where the that the scoop forms a continuous prolongation to the pipe top of the delivery pipe, all the water displaced by the scoop of lime, ric acid combining with the lime, forms a sulphate when in the position for raising water, The limit to which is practically picked up and delivered into the tenJer. In and liberates the fa tty acids. The mass leaves the boiler at a these experiments the water level was maintained the same the scoop is depressed by the handle, F, is adjusted accurate pressure of about sixty pounds, and on reaching the open air ly by set screws, which act as a stop and prevent the bottom in the trough each time by keeping it supplied up to the the fat contained separate breaks up and falls down in pow edge of the scoop being depressed be low the fixed working overflow orifice at each end ; and the scoop was bwered to der, the more readily and completely the smaller the quanti level. The set screws also afford the means of adj usting the the same level each time by means of the set screws, the ty operated on at a time. The soap being instantly decom· scoop to the same level when the brasses and tires of the ten hi ght of the tender it:;elf be ing maintained practically the posed, the fatty acids are not exposed to a long contact with der have become reduce" by wear, causing the level of the same in each case. the sulphuric acid, and are then neither attacked nor de tender itself to be lowered. The orifice of the scoop is made The construction of this apparatns was pressed upon Mr. stroyed. To prevent the soap being thrown in its ebullition with its edges beveled off sharp, to diminish tbe splashing ; Rams10ttom by the accelerated working of the Irish mail , beyond the decomposing vat, the pipe in communication with tbe arrangements connected with which it necessary and the top edge is carried forward 2 or 3 inches and turned made the boiler is turned upwards at the end, and discharges tbe up with the same object that the tnin phould run from Chester t,)Holy bead (a distance s soap against a cone of sheet iron upon which it burst and "The water trough, A. is cast in lengtbs of about as of 84£ miles) in bours. A snpply of 2,400 gallons of (j ft.,Si) tlVO breaks and falls down again into the decompobing vat below. to rest upon each altern ate sleeper, and is fixed to the sl eep warer is found to be requireu for this journey in stormy Not only does this system of treatment produce fatty acids, er�, the hight being adj usted by means of woou puelling-. weather, and it beca me nece�sary, therefore, eith�r very much whiter and harder, but the saponification being always com· to enlarge the tender tanks, introduce an arrangement The ends of each length are formed with a shallow groove, or to plete, there is a larger production of oily . mAtter from the in which is inserted a strip of round vulcallifed india-rubber, under which the tender could take up water while running. solid residuum when submitted to hydraulic pressure, amount The latter expedient was praferred, it has now been to make a flexible and water-tight joint, the metal not being and ma ing to fifty per cent, whereas by other methods only fo rty in contact ; this meets all th e dis\urbances ari&ing fr om ex tured and utilized with complete success. seven per cent can be obtained. In the next consideration ------pansion, settlem {;nt of road, and vibration caused by the pas 4.. �._�------of cost, the expense of lime, of sulphuric acid, of coal, and of sage of trains. The length of trough now laid on the Ches IN Dayton, Ohio, recently, a little girl namei Foley awal hand labor, a saving of thirty-five per cent. is made on the cost ter and Holyhead Railway near Conway is 441 yards on tb e lowed a glass button, which passed into the lung, anl wo uld of the old method . level ; and �t each end the rails are laid at a gradient of 1 in not be dislodged. Dr. Reeves, a3 last rC30rt, cut a hole in a .._- 100 for a luther length of 16 yards, the road beini! ral © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 166 [S.FJPTEMBER 9, 1868. !:::------.. ------___ �2 PyroDleters. @iditodttl MANUFACTUB.ING, MINING, AND RAILROAD ITEMS. In our issue of August 5th, we referred to tbe instruments for indicating bigh temp�rat ur�s, made bv Wed/Zewood and The Mayo lode (Colorado) , west of tbe Coin lod e, at pr sen yielding A NEW ENGLAND paper speaks of a ourishing establish IS e t Daniel. There are bow.. ver otbers of American anJ English fl sHver ore tbat assays $965 to the tun. mFnt at Middletown, Conn., engaged in the manufacture of o o on sb aft on t celebrated Cornet lode is no sixty·five feet in depth , car ma.�e, in foxtensive use, depending in tbeir c nstructi n, a The he w ' silver plated w re, calling special attention to tbe fact that rying three feet of pay or . tbe difference of expan ion various metals under heat, e s of the b o usiness was begun four years ago in a small ro m , and ar mining below Idaho has been serionsl th which answer well for lower temparatures, and are less ex The b y Interfered WIth by e high w ith ,me machine, while seventy· five men are now requirtld wat.erwbwh is now Bubs1diug-. pen si ve. Mr. GauntLtt bas long supplied the Blast Furnaces to prod uce the goods which tbe market demands. The suc The owr.ers of the .l£quator lode , Colorado , have commeneed shlppin e; ore England, with an instrument having a brass stem about in cess of this concern, and its quick growth into a large busi to Newark, N. J't for reduction on account of the limited facilltles for ShIP fo r feet long inclosing a steel rod ; this gives good satis me t to Cheyenne . u ness is not rare event. Beekman street, in tbis city, is the n II faction in bi scuit manufactming, oil refining, wire annealing, The shaft in tbe AW3nda lode, Leavenworth Mountain , is now fourteen home of ha rd ware dealers, for exampl e; and many of the and similar operations, where the temparature is under 800 feet deep. The vein is four feet wide carrying a ver finegangne t oroug most extensive and attractive stores devoted to the sale of y h hly In erspersed with mineral. degrees. Above this figure and especi ally if continued for a t bard ware sundries on tbe street, are the metropolitan sales· lengtb of tIme in a red heat, the brass tube is liable to be RAILROAD BRIDGE BURNED.-The Chicago Rnd 1'lorlh western railro a © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC SEPTEMBER 9, 1868.] IiIOBSE COLLAR FASTENING -W. A. Sharp and J. A. 8hannon, Tama-City, WEAVING MACRINE.-Adolph Waener, New York city.-Thls inve-ntionre copper wben exposed to tbe air. As lone as it is tbns exposed It bas a Iowa.-This lnvent1011 relates to a an hnproYE'd metbod of constrncting' lat�s to a new macbme for weaving hoopskirt.s and tb er o s lend d or, when not so expos 'd it Dt:comes colorless. Thf> cop llf>W d o fabrIC f suitahle r i blue co' i, the coll rs of borse harness whereby many advantages over the ord Jnary 1rregular sbape, but is more t e manu p�r in th e form er case Is an o lde in solution, in tbe latter it a dioxIde. a tuhular or pRrLicularly intendpd for h X me thod are secured . facture of pet.ticoats a�ld hoopskirts. The invention conslsts principally in The ro ess of making the solutlon of metalhc copper being slow, the p c the U!ol.e of circul ar machine in h ich the fabric is woVpn around a block same snlut1 0n may be more rapid y btained by using hydrated oxide. SEOTIONAL STEAM BOILERB.-Charlf'sBean, Eas" Dougla s, Mass.-Tbis in a w l o tbe s suspen d between the warp carriers and the track of th e shuttles, said block The stateme:utthat tbiS solution will dlsEoh e lignin bas tbe sanction of vention relatt's to a n ew and improved plan for COllstrnetlng �team boiler3 de belne; up and down as well as ater lly adjustahle, so that it may a lw a s b e good authority . Linseed oil is oxioized by heating it with li tbage . Nitro wh r reby tb€'yare rendered more durable and m,ne steam gene l a y effectlveas adjusted c ent �lly betWf'en tbe sbuttle ; however irrf"gular Its shape may be. b enzo e m ad e bv slow ly addin� benzol e to fumm� nitric acid gently rators th an those of ordinary constructIOn. . r ] 18 beaten ; upon th e addition of water the nltro-beDzole separates in th e SMUT MACHINE.-Henry Stanley, St. Johnsbury. Vt.- This invention con MACHINR FOR MAKING GINGER SNAPS.-Daniel M. Holmes, Wnl1am�burgh, form o a heavy yellow 011. sists of an arra.ngement ot fan-blowers wtthm cases which are curved around f N. .-Tbis invention has for its ohject to furnish a imple . cOIlvenient, and Y tbe fans in tbe form of scroUs, mto one of whiCh the IlraJn to be cleaned is B. F. L., of Pa.-It is probable that yon can obtain the work e ec ive IDachjne by meaDS of which �inger and other snap!)may be made Dr. ff t aomnted through the air pas�al!e to the l an , forced by of Beaumont referred to In tbe article, of Lea & Blancbard of Phlladel from soft dongh rapidl , conveniently, and accuratel . s and from which it is y y th e hlast o[ air around the scroll (the sides of " bicb are perforated), to the pbi a . PIPE CUTTItR.-JobnPeace, Camden,N. J.-This invention has for its ob mouth into a ogpout communicatIng wItb the next c amber, and in like ject to ur nish an improved tool for cutting offp ipe, which shall be simple in fan b f manner forced from there to th e mouth of the scroll, when it encounters constrnction and durable, and which will cnt offthe pipe quicker and hetter another blast of air from another fan which is designed to separate the chaff. than the pipe cutters now in common use; cutttng a.way the metal, and not and MACHINE FOR ROLLING SAW LOG .- sau Tarrant, Muskegon, Mich.-This leaving a burr upon either tbe outside or Inside of tbe pipe. s E invention has for its obj ect to furnish an improved device for tur ning or he charqefor in8ertion under thi8 head is one dollar a CAR EA ER.-W . S. McNeH and O. S. Cadwell,Jr., Sprlngll.eld, Mass.-Tbe h 7 I ns. H T roll ing logs upo ! the carri age of Circular or other saw mills, hic shall be ooject of tbiS inventi n con truct a heater for beating or wa.rming w o is to so s simple io construc . on, effective in operation, and conveniently op erated. railroad (�ars h eated air tbat t e air h all puritle before it Is heate:i For State and County rights to the best and cheapest sorghum by b s bt.' II FIRE ESCAPE.-Thom'lsT mpson, Jr., New York city.-This invention has and di� ch arge into the car and properly distributed therein, and so th at fuel o stripper now in nse, address C. P. Hale, Calhoun, Ky. Agents wanted. for Its object to furnish an improved fi re escape for permanent attachment shall be economized and proper provlsion made for protr cttng t he passen to th e outer sides of uil ings, which shall be so constructed and arr nge , Half the profits of a cotton gin that add twenty per cent gers and car from injury from firein case of accident. b d a d will tbat it be conveniently lowered when required for use, and raised again to th e value IJf the lint, gIven to the manufacturers. Jas. S. Carnall, ock HAND DRILL.-Alois Wirscb1ng',Brooklyn) D., N. Y.-This invention re.. may L E. out of the way wh en not required for use. hart, Texas. lates to a new and improved drill, which designe to super serle the ordin IS d VULOANITE RUBBER BILLIARD BALLs.-For many years, in(eed. since the ary bow drill, now g n rally used for fineor small work, by watCh-makers, Wm. G. Vermilye, 6 Park Place, New York, gives special e e �ame of billiards bef'ame popular , there h .... s been a demand for a substItute etc. attention to the manufacture of india-rubber urticles for inventions. for the ivor of which billiard balls are made. The g me seems to demand HORSE RAKE.-A . H. Robbins, Co en al!en, Y.-This invention relatrB y a p h N, a certain wei�ht, a fixf'd diameter, a aeg-rec of elasticity to the balls ; Siccohast, that dryer for linseed oil, made in Boston by Mr. to cf' r tain npw and . useful improvements on the ordinary wooden-toothed and qual1t1es difficult to combine in tbelr necessary proportions In any Asahel "' heeler, which astoDlshes everyhooy wbo knows anout paints revolving horse raKe; anr! it consists tn pecnlls construction of the Bdome, manufac 80 a r material. But Mr .. W. H Llpptnc ,tt, of Pittsburgb, Pa .• claims by a what is It ? What does It Impart '0 tbe SImpl causes oil to attract whm eby th e o perator may co.ntroland oper�t tbe machme with the great· tured 011P y e . patent obtained t.hrough the ScientIfic American Pa.tent Agency, May, 12, oxygen from tbe air and dry with tbe pigment upon the surface. est fa Cllity, and the latter connected to su ky or cart if desired , so that the a. l 1668 , to have succeeded in obviating these difficulties, and in producing a driver or op ra or may ride If be prefers to do so. Metallic cartridge machine makers send circulars to V. e t ball su�erlor In Bome respects and equal in others , to those made from solid J. GRAIN A""DGRASS HARVESTER.-Amos Smith, Vienna Cross Hoadl'1,Oh i0. ivory. He says :-' Although a number of attempts have been made to con Meigs, postoffieebox 1031. Lowell, Mass. This invention relates t·) certain new and useful improvements tn gr ain and struct bHi.lard bans of vulcanized rubber, none have succeeded in overcom gra8s har\'esters, and it consists, a novel i p ved constru �tion Broughton's lubricators, for snet or oil, have none of the ob first, tn and m ro ing the difficulties of thoroughly vnlc"nlzmg them. Balls vulcanized by and rran gement of the drivlng gear second, in a pecnliar manner o ap · jectionable featnres which portain, more or less, to all otbers. Manufac a j f ingle ]A.yersin 8-quare blocks, when turned, wiU be only one half the requi pl ing the draft pole ; third, in novel manner of att hing appl ln� the s tured Broughton & M,ore, 41 Venter st., New Yorl<. TbeIr gaie cock y 'l. ac or Y site weight, and are liable to be porous. By my precess all the qualitIes of by s fin ger bar to the machinf' ourth , in a peculiar application of a lr�ver and 011 cups are tbe b e t. � f for elaflticity, density, weigbt, etc., are obtainf"d,and th e last for years ; s raisi � the fingerbar ; fi th, in a n v"l uar r fi ngers. balls wIll n f o construction of the ,g ds o cbeaper in first cost, smooth as ivory, and not llable to cl'·ip, crack, or get out If you want to buy a fa ctory with water power, read adver SOIL PULVERIZER.-Cornel1us erninger , Mier, Ill.-This invention rehteii of truth. The�e balls arc Suscf>ptable also of a high POllSb, and can rec ive tis men t In anot er column. B e e h to a new alld lmproved device for pulVerIZ1'lg ttles o , and it consists in a any color desired " T he inventor forms first a sa one Inch diameter U bail 01 y price of native sumac. rotary toothed pulverizer, and a h '1.rro w JiLtedin a and vuIcamzes it, then incrpascs the size by successive vulcaDlzatlOns until Wanted-sampJes and Address novel combination of a D. swinging or sn�pended trame, and att�ched to a mounted fram�, all arran� tbe desired tblckness Is attained . Tbe constant expense for the renewing of Miles, 95 Water st., Boston, M ass . ed in surh a way aAo dmit' of the soil being pulveriz ed in an expeditious the stock of bllliard balls a!1,Onnting each tahle to $32 for eight sets per a for Pratt Brother�, publishers and printers, 37 Cornhill, Boston, and perfect manner. year, makes this invention worth of a ttention. y will negotiate with writers for the p ublication of pO Dular manuscripts, pro.. CORN-SHII LLING MACHlNE.-Geo. F. Johnson, Marshall , Io .-Tht in vided tbe autbors will guarantee tbe sale ot one-half the first edltlon. wa s vention consists rotary whef'J p vl with a central op ening in wh lOh ill [t ro 1?d are provide series hooked shellers, h,' ving �ages w�icb prf"ss Metal-edge card and show-bill manufacturers will please ad d a. of ' upon the t.o- cob to prevent the sbellers from scrapmg cob too deeply. the said sbel dress H. C. Small, hox 2169. Portland,Me. State wbether the artic i., pat the O:JRRESPONDENTS who expect to rec",ve answers to their letters must, in le lera bemg provided wIth rarllal stocks,whlch sIl de on corr spondi g- eroo ves ented, aud where th e machInes can be purChased. e n h n i se k i th e rotary wheel, Bnd surrounded by a spri ng" w i ch constantly bears fJ�i::�t:o:/fr� /n �iJ; ge� ��'s, :/ s::�;��e[ �����n���� r!�� p�:te:�� a:t in h dress the corre8pondent by mail. A paying investment.-We are offering Coun ty and State thrm towards tb e center of the �ald rotary wh€'el A set of leeding rollers is r This column is de8igned for the general interest and in, righ t . Also, manufactured goods newly invented and. patented house also p O ided for graspinJ: tbe cob after a portion of corD on one en d tile s of V of SPECIALstruction NO of ourTE.- reader8, not for gratuitou8 1'eplies to questions of a purely hold articles of great me.... lt,at very low nce51. On r ceipt $1 75 we box par hfl.S n een and dr wing it thl ough the sheller, the whole being busine8s or personal nature. We will publish such inquirie8, however p e of shelled off, a u:henpaid for as aavertisemets at a line, under the head of .,Busi: and sbi the above, nine art:cIes, with directions and terms. Ager.tswant acturtledfrom a hand crank $1 p neB8 and Personal." 00 ed everywhere. Send for samples. Marsh & Co., 33 Malden Y. LOCKING DEVICE FOR LOOSE PULLEY.iI.-William J. Linton, DetrOit, Mich . Lane, N. ot this invention is to provide a simplt� reterence to back number88hoUId be bv volume and paqe. -The objPCL and effectivelock ing Dr AU Wickersham's American oil fe eder, combining principles ot used in machi ry, when pulleys or other wheels are reqUIr deviCf�.to be ne ed A. M. C., of Mo.-Is there any depth in the ocean to which tb e siphon caplllary attractIOn, and filtration; saves 90 per cent in oi:ing to run loose or fast on a sbaft f r l cki g r unlo klDg t hem . o o n o c j urnals ; re ia le ; always B. Wickersham & an iron wel�ht or bar would not sink. Ans. No . o pf>rfectly l b under control. J. • JOINERs' PLANES.-F. Sm th, L ln 3te , Pa..- Tb i in� Son, 143 Somh Front st .• !'hila elpb a. Pa. i and 1. Ca.rpenter, ca r s d l vention relates to lmprovements injoiners' planes, wbereby it is deQ,lgned to E. B., of Pa.-Wire can only be properly coated with gutta Those prepared to manufa cture the beam steelyard please rander the stocks les� liable .to warp, to r gul te the weight of the same, to p er b a machinery. For any small work. it may be coated by ·bana, e a c by address H. Maranvi le, Akron, OhiO. provid e for a more perfect delivery of tb e sbaving, adjnstlng the same to be softening tL e gutta· perch a by Immersing- III water beated to 200· Fab. l used a� a single or d uble plane. and adjusting the m n h. so as g o ern o o t to v S of J.-The contraction and expansion of the spin· Machines for boring, tuming, and slotting pulleys. mill gear the width of the same, for the passage of the shavmg. II., �. dIe is suffi.cien to account lor the f'let you describe. We ing, and water whef>ls,ten diameter and u nder, about hflllthe by heat findcoIn t tu.rbilli teet - SAW-SET.-W. B. Weaver, t{eading C nte , Y.-Thts inventi on rel l'ttps to can supply some back numbers nut not all ; t e ates are tbe same. cost and does double the work ofa Jathe of same new e r N. b 1 swing. Gear cutters of a new and 1mproved saw'sftt,and It cons!st s ia a p eculi co nstruction of the and improved pattern, to cut gears 8 ft. di meter and under, and all kinds ar C., of Mass.-The pressure upon a closely fitted steam a same wberebv It may be readily adapted for setti ng- tbe teeth of large and R. ofmacblnlsts' tool . Send for CIrcular to L. W. Po nd, 98 Llbel't st., New valve not coverine- any ports 11 aa the are Et of the valve and the pressure s y amaH saws, and also aaapted for other purposes or uses than setting saws . York. of j he steam When It covers ports it is the same mmus the back pressnre PUMP.-Jeb ylem an Sa aw Bridgep or t, Conn - This in vention consists in from the cylmder. For descriptive circular of the best grate bar in use, addre ss , p cing tbe or mary lift p1)mps within a yli der, provided at Its lower end la d c n H. A. S., of Uo.-Owing to the variety of circumstances un Hutchin son & Laurence, No. 8 Dey st. , New Yor�. with a holdmg valve ; tbe piston rods ot t h two pnmps being connected by e der wh i h stones and brick.. are u3ed in buil ing no general rul e c an be ends h ms pagging over a pull y, such manner that C d Peck's patent drop press. Milo Peck Co., New Haven, Ct; or c a e and all arranged in do given for computIng the tren gt & the is made to op rate as a force pump, and elevate water or other s h of structures. Earh case must be worked deVice e itself. Mahan'R ivil Engineermg gives all the Parties about to buy steam boilers should examine Root's fiuld any desired bigbt, according' to tbe amount of power applied to bv C necessary tables and to wrought iron sectional sMety hoiler at 95 97 Liberty or . operate it. data. and st., New Y k See adv rtisem ent. CAR BRAKE . . . Y. Scblmo sky, Cheyenne, Dakota Ter.-Tbls Invention W., of Mass.-bheet iron plates are galvanized by first e -S W n J. H. relates to a n ew and 1mproved brake for ra way cars and conslSfs in a n v el clcansmg th e sheets with dilute sulpburic acid, hammenng, and srrnbbIng Spring-bed H o bottom - unequalled for simplicity, cheapness, and the same, wher,... by the p in iple of the wedge is applie to with em ery and sand. The pl tes are tben immersed in a bath of mt'lted construction of r c d a durability. M'l.llufacturers wanted as agents. Address S. C. Jenning-s, the � hors. and the brJke rt:ndered self-acting and entirf'ly se1f·lockmg. The zinc covered wit sal-ammoniac_ GalvR.Dlzed Iron plate are slmply iron h s automa, Wts. object of tbe inventi on is to ob tai n a bra'ie which will be efficient 1n its ac· coated with zinc. There are several other processes or manufacturing it. W tion, !. © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 168 J'tituiifit [SEPTEMHER 9, 1868� �� � � ��� ��� � -�� �- ---�.-� ��������������--� � �� �� � ������ ������������������������������������ --- � !mtrit8U. the Flo",," Water to P l of tuns. is Carbolic a Cure. Cor Snake BUes. Device {'o r 1tell"ulatin� oC u p 7-16ths an Inch at the bottom ; it weighs 42 This Acid En::lne8. to be surmoun ted by an ornvment9.l spire of bright metal The followi ng extract from a letter wri ,ten by John W. Annoya.nce and waste of stock is sometimes caused in fifteen feet igh This is the hlghe8t pipe on the cuntinent, Hood, M. from Australia, gives the resul ts the applica h . n, of engine paper making by the overflow of the taDk, or by the and probably in the world. It was raised in a very novel tion of carbolic acid to the cure of bites of poisonons �na:'es : of ineafficient supply of water. The design the improvement manner, the invention of the contractor, and is well "An unfortunate experiment, re�ulting in the death of the here with illustrated, is to prevent the occurrence of these worthy of a patent. It was done very much as the Irishman principal performer, as to the efficacy of a so-called antidote by rn s feed tor the water by difficulties fu i hing an automatic proposed to build a chimney, 'hold one brick up and put an for snake bites, took place here some few weeks since. and of means of which the supply shall be regulated and govemed other under it.' It was done by commencing with the top which I send you a report. The cure of persons bitten by by the level in the tank. section and adding the lo wer sections in their regular succes the v no ous snakes of Victoria has long been a fa vorite e m A, is the usual tank, sho wn empty in the engraving. B, sion, hoisting the pipe as each sec on was a ded by melins subject for experiments among the medical profes,ion here ti d , .. is the suprl] pipe, by which the water is led to the regulator, of derriok and pulleys. I, living in a city, have not the opportunity of meeting with C, from which leads the deliv- any human subj ects to exper Hy pipe, D, that conducts the imentalize upon, and have to water to the tank, A. The in rest contented with qlladrupeds; terior of the regulator, C, is -most of which suffer death. shown in the section Fig. 2. It However, I have long enter- .fJ will be Sfeu that the water is tained the opinion that carbolic from pro er head, in acid, t ken internaJ :y and used !idmi t ted a p .. the r ction of the a ro at B, as a caustic to the wound, di e r w - to a chamber, the walls of would be fo und to be benefi �-= which extend across the regu -�-::-- cial, and, perhaps, a specific ier ed at top cur . That I l' ight, to a lator, and artl p c e fun ap rtures form certain extent, is ro d by the aUll bottom lJy e p v e ing valve spats in which fit fact that a frieud of mine, a downward opening valves se medical man living at \'Var cur�d to a Tod, E, to the low('.! ranawbool, Dr. Boyd, success al tached a suit ful y treated two cases of snake end d \\hic h is l aLle s tained on the bite with carbolic acid. I am fioat, F, us ater in a reservoir, not a ware of more particulars burface of \1 G; the level of the water in the than that the firat case was a kept Ieservoir being at the young lad bitten by a tiger hight of that in the tank by snake, the most, venomous these of a connecting pipe, H. coloni s prod uce, and Dr. Boyd, Jljean" e A dtip pipe, J, lead s any sur six hours after the boy waQ bi t plusage of water from the regu ten, ad ministered ten drops of Jutor, C, to t1) e reEervoir, G, and pure acid, in brandy and water, may be at every fe w minutes. He wri tes : a lever, J, '\?ig . 2, tached to the top of the regu 'The effect was magical-from lator, C, to open the valves by a pallid countenance, slow hand, if at any time h may be pulse, and semi-comatose con detmed necessary. dition, the patient rallied to a From the foregoing the op HUNTER'S PAPER ENGINE WATER FEEDER. bright expression, ruddy glow, eration of the device may be and quick pul se, and the recov �' eadjJy understood without flUther explanation. It was "Around this pipe is to be built a towel' 9 feet 6 inches ery, though slow, was continuous and certain.' '' patented through the Scientific American Patent enc , by om from the rock, sur .Ag y fr wall to wall, and 190 feet high ._. TUM�LING BA RREL AND COAL SIFTER. David North nnin to , Vt., to whom all commu by balc ny is reached Hunter, Be g n mounted a balcony II.ve fe et wide. The o IMPROVED relative to the device should be addressed. by spiral stairw y of 250 steps. The st irwa and pipe u;cations a " a y The tumbling barrel is a very efficient means of cleaning will fill the entire soace in the tower. The tower will be of ----- .... _. and and lis FO:R SC:REW small castings from sand, bIightl'ning po hing stone 22 feet, and t e emainder of b i k. The engines are of :FARlEll' PATENT llUPPLEMENTAL 'Jaw h r r c small metal work of all descriptions more effectually and much W:RENGllES, the Cornish pattern. Their cylinders are upright, and are 60 cheaper than can be done by hand. It is a cylinder suspend inches in diameter and 10 feet stroke. The cylinders them The object of this device is to provide a handy auxiliary ed on an axle and h avin an aperture for the reception of the selves are of wOIk direc ly in g jaw for the common monkey wrench, by which the immense weight. The pistons t screw or work to be cl eaned, whlCh may be closed and sec red when connection with the pump rods. This connection is made in u the uarrol charged. For ICd'ge work and where the tumb the low r or middle story. The pumps are in the basement is b ling uarrel is kept nearly constantly in operation, it is built story, placed directly under the engines_ They are 21 inches quite heavy, the taves being strong ribbed iron cas i s and in diameter and feet stroke, and are capable of pumping s t ng io the heads made to correspond, the whol e bolted firmly to 2,000,000 gallons each in 17 hours. .Adjoining the engine gether ; but for light work an o din ry barrel or wooden house is the boiler house, which is 50 by 60 fe et and one r a story high, made of brick. In this will be eight boilers, 30 feet long and 42 inches in diameter, with two 14·inch flues. They rest on brick and stone work, built up from the solid rock. Each boiler will be independent of the others, so the stopping of one will not affect the others. The fire will not be under the boilers, as is commonly the case, but will be in front of them, in combination chambers. The smoke stack is to be 100 feet high." c may be used for screwing up bolts by grip ordinury wren h cask is used, a square cornered box of wood is swung • ing their surfaces for pi g purposes 01' Oi cy limlrical 01' pi n instead of .._. BOA:RDMAN'S DEVICE FOB. FACING NUrS. journals and rotated. But all of them must hav or the gac-pi pm's tongs. Its value as applied to these uses is ap e a door trap which has to be secu ed so that none of the conteut8 parent at a glance. r can escape while the barrel is perfor ing its revolutions. The supplemental jaw, A, seen plain The accompanying engraving is a perspecti ve view of a m Evidently there afe objections to ordinary tumbling ly in Fig. 2, is a wedge-shaped block convenient little device for turning or fa cing nuts. It con the bar rel or r.ttling box, as time is required tl) open and close the slightly curved on face and back, the sists in providing a loose ring, A, with tovo rounded projec aperture, and, as it is generally situated midway the face bdng corrugated or toothed to /live tions, B, on ei ther side and at right angles with each other between heads and the barrel is usually cy c not easy a better hold on the work, the serrations This ring is placed on the screw-arbor between its s houlder lindri al, iL is to deliver the contents. being so inclined that the greater the and th e nut, C, to be turned, and adltpts iLself to the ir We pre n herewith a plan which we consider an improve �train exerted in opera'ion the more determined and positive regular shape of the nut's rough surface, making an equal se t ment on al the hold th e jaw on the work. A ring is f tene in the sup pressure on its opposite sides direc,ly endwise with the arbor, the ordinary tumbling barrel. This one is Witys of as d closed, and yet al ways open. Instead of being a cylinder it plementary jaw by which it may be linked to the movablejaw and perfectly true with the thread. The engraving shows is in cross section scroll, as seen. So long as the barrel ro of the wrench or suspended to the wrist of the operator if work the ordinary style of arb0r at one end, and the improved a tates in the direction of the arro w its contents will re on elevated placts or in pits or e cavations In conse arbor and ring on the other. ing x . main insid , but s opped and turned in the other direction quence of the slight curve given the auxiliary jaw, the points e if t until the aperture comes the contents are read of bearing on the pipe, shaft, and the jaw of the wrench are underneath, ily discharged. One advantage of this p an is that the op"n directly in line with the force exerted, so that there is no l . ing extends the whole length of the cylinder and the con transver8e or wrenching strain tending to injure the wrench. tents drop at once from the whole of the interior. Facility of It can be applied to or used with any ordinary wrench. charging is ano he advantage, and the projection inside, o f Patented June 23, 1868, by Robert Faries, who may be ad t r one edge of the caEing over the other, makes a fall for dre�8ed territorial and manu.facturingri h , or the device efiectu for g ts ally rattling and mi ing the contents. The inn6r edge itself, at Decatur, Ill. x should pa s the outer only sufficiently to prevent the escape --- o -----"'._ ... - of the contenls_ :Erie 'V ater Worl,"!!. .As a coal and ashes sifter, flour and meal bolt, for sifting TllG l'Eople of the thrivi g city of Eric, Pa., have been for n molding sand, etc., this device is equally well adapted, a wire yf'ms dependent for their supply of water on local wells, screen or bolting cloth taking the place of the solid covering aided 1y an inefficient system of supply furnished by a limited The style of arbor now in me is shouldered down below used in the tumbling burel. It may be constructed of any and unreliable congeries of pipes fed by springs of small ca the bottom of the thread, to a:Jow the nut to be f c to a ed material, wood or iron, boiler or cast, and still preserve its pacity. Bnt it is soon to be supplied from the pure waters screw up to its shoulder, and when the highest point of the form and its advantages. of Lake Erie, than which no better water for drinking, lava nut strikes on one side of shoulder, and is screwed up hard We do not claim to have originat.ed this device, but re tory, or manufacturing purposes is in use. The plan, under enough to turn or face up the nut, the arbor will spring ceived it from an enterprising mechanic, Mr. Boynton, for the superintendence of H. P. M. Birkenbine, a well known and the nut will cramp over on the fe w remaining threads merly of Hartford, Conn. We believe there is no patent on Ph la el i engineer, is to erect on the shore of the lake i d ph a of the arbor, and ue fa ced out of truth. This improved arbor its application, and we deem it worthy the attention of foun an engllle house and stand-pipe, the latter of sufficient hight a thread bearing to the ILut its entire length, and is gives dery men, hard ware manufacturers, and others. to rovide head capable of supplying the most elevated p a not w�akened by having the thread turned off, but is left .._. portions the ci ty. full size of outside of thre d. This invention was patented of a AN Ohioan has invented a cal'brake which aclli directly on '1 'he Erie Dispatch �aYB : "The stand-pipe Iises 234 feet above .April 21, 1868, by Byron Boardman, of Nor wich, Conn., and the axle, instead of the wheel. It is asserted that it will, by the level of er and st n s on a rock 14 the w at , a d feet high, assigned to himself and Frank Douglas of the same place. a quarter turn of the brakeman's wheel, bIing cur to dead th� a making pipe 2·20 teet is five feet in diameter, and For further infor tion, or the patent rings, address Frank high ; it ma lock, and that a train can be stopped instantly, though that, hon an inch thick at the top and is made ot be;ler 3-16t11s of Douglas, Norwich, Conn. of course, would destroy the train. © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 9, 186R] J titutifit SEPTEMBER !tUtriClln. 169 pt'rhaps, in each, which are not entirely pleasant, and, pos.i. stam p out oval patches from a sheet of gumm ed cloth led bly, which, if long followed, might prove detrimental to bodi over the machine like paper in lithogra phing, and the pretty ly health ; but, on the whole, mechanical pursui ts are not girl does bers by feeding the collars in continually, so that n r a l p to r t more unhealthy tha me c nti e, or strictly out-door em loy each one is ready for the machine ope a e 011. When the ments. It may be unpl asant to polish, Gay by day, at an pa tches are put on, the collars are much Bt ronge�, and n"t e so li1 UNN & COMPANY, Editors and Proprietors. emery w heel, to attend a gig saw, to manage a picker or set liahle to tear out at the holes. These are subsequently of cards in cotton mill ; but even in these extreme cases we pun ched at another machine, through the co·oppration of r-U llLISIIED WEEKLY AT a l e reduce another prett fa ct, t NO. 37 PARK ROW (PARK BUILDING), NEW YORK. be iev much has been done to the annoyance and mit y girl. In he whole operation of manu igate the evil, if any existed. facturing paper collars is a series of ingenious and effec ;ive O. D. hll:XX. b. I!. WALEG. A. E. llEACIL On a visit, a fe w days ago, to South Norwalk, Conn., we machinery a�tended by pretty girls. spent·an hour in the shops of the Norwalk Iron Works. Beau After these proceeses are gone through with, the collar is tJr The American News COIDOSny,"Ag-ents.121 Nass8u street.N ew York. u tifully and pleasantly situated on salt water estuary, close folded, also on a machine ; and then rolled, to give it a sharp I,1r"The New Yorli. Company,n8 Spru ce street. a News lIT A. Asber Co., 20 Unter den Linden. Berim . are Agents for tbe Ger· to Long Island Sound, the welcome breezes coursed th rough edge and make it lie cl ose to the neck. an States & the many windows, making a cool retreat on one of the hot· One of the most curious processes, however, is the em test days of the season. The buildings are pierced with win bossing. or that which gives the linen finish. Paper collars VOL. XIX., No. 11 . ..[NEW SERIES.] . . . . Tw enty-third Ye ar. dows, more than are necessary for light, but intended also for now-a·days look exactly like linen, and the process, which is r put, a b p NEW YORK. WEDNESDAY, SEPTE�1BER 9. 1868. ventilation. Al,mg the walls of the machine shops are the secret, through which they a e inf lli ly roduces the vise benches, next a single row, on each side, of lathes, plan desired result. VontenlS I ers, drills, shaping machines, etc., leaving the whole center These details will give an idea of the mere hand- work con. (Illustrated articles are marked with an asterisK.) free, w t h g o e ha pil work in nected with the trade, very inadequate one, however, as proved Trip Hammer 161 Summnrv ...... 166 encumbered i h not in m r t n es of a *lmCopper andVertical BrAss Working ...... 161 Edi.toria]ers to Co es ond ents •..••.. 167 rl w rr p progress. The lea all details do. It is necessary to walk thro ugh the fac tory , .Manuf!lcture of lnrlig o arml.ne ... 16� NewA B Pubhcq,tlons ...... 167 consequence is, c n, clear, well ventilated or l .. 16� *I)evi ce for RE"gu1at"ng-. the..... F'low. Do An1 als Tblnk and well lighted rooms, giving the advantage of free, unob· visi t different rooms, and see stacks the finished produ ct ConcentmratIOn, ran mRpRson?i ion , . of Water to Pu lp ngines ...... 168 of T 5l 8s Bud E Transportation of otiv e *Farles' Pate-nt.Supnh�mel ltal Jaw structed locomotion, permitting the ingress of the cool saB before one can realize what an immense trade there in r M n is 1!=:S�� Iil·i655·:::::.::::::::::::�: Eri�oW ����w!:is ��.��: :::::�:::.: breezes, tempered by the warm sun outside, whose too fe rvid what seems a trivial affair. HoA w to BC'cOITlf' Englnf'er . . . . . 1��163 *Boardman's D evif'e for Facing i� Find thl-' NumberQl ' of in. Nuts ...... , , ..... , .. - ...... 168 �r o TeMb rays could not reacR the toilers inside the buildings. Toilers, Messrs. Ray and Taylor, our informants, stated that they tIl (', Gf'ar� Us,ed on the Spinale arhol! c Acid a Cure for Snake Lf'ading Screw . . . 163 I C Bites ...... •...•...... •••..... did we say ? Pleasant is their toil wi th such inducements tn made last year 16,000,000. and beside them there are soma and tlw WbeelR RUll Ii'aster In. «-Improved Tumbllng Barrel and ;'00 Do Wnt(1TN'ghr tb n in tbeDay ... 164 Coal :o'iftpr...... 168 comfortable work. It is no wonder, that, as Mr. Earle, the tbirty or forLy other makers. One would suppose a large pIn.nthe Jndex f']aat�'I ...... ? 16-!- Tbe IncrPRse of D'sease among tO'l" ' na e , o s n i e s pl y those left in Written Languqges of Sav- 1 Dom�stic ...... 169 llla i\l r says, his men choose t pe d their Sundays during force would be requ r d to up hotels alone. . *Tbe 164' S>JDltaryAnimn CondHjo)� . of Work. •••••••••••••••.••••••••.•••• Tile n the hot s ason of this summer in the shop, ratht'r thau at Those who are looking for ward to the good time, when �apolagp",lillcation llnCH>.rPl"eB�nre .... 164- shops and 1tlanufuctor1es . .. .. 169 e Pappr . . - "'Recent Imnrovem('nts in the c o ar ...... 169 bomes, conduc ting r l g us r in m arke of w l Engmp FeedIng Scoop Iron RailsU ons Common Wagon their e i io exercises on thei "own woman shall be man's equal the t labor, ou d forRteflm Locom ut.ves •....•...... 1651 Roao" ...... •..... 169 hook," combining comfort with moral and religious instruc think that a lonll: step had bet'n taken toward that end, rs 166 :X� �i l����g��PExamin�' ...... 166 Our Plan t-Its .Past 3n(tF(l tl1re.. 170 The(:llc es . D,lw. son the Interc$l.ting Boring and Mining Ex- sinew- of the loca y, but no small modicum of the brain, clean and intelligent looking, earning a fair rate of wage�, Case r,f V8. Brick- ]it, layers' Umon ...... 166 pe! iml:"nts...... 170 Manufa.cturi ng, 1\filll ll::!;, . . Patent . .. . 17 0 171,. 172, 173, 174 the intellect of Norwalk . We collld not b elp but notice, in say from six dollars to eight dollars per week of hour�. and Rail- claIms .. ten road ...... 166 ExtenslOn NotIces ...... 174 lCecent AmerIcanll rms .. .and orelgn Inventions Patented in. England. conVersing wi th the " hanils," the aptness of apprehension, This at noiseless, unfatiguing work, except as regards mo :F Pate nts ...... 166 AmerICans ...... : ...... 174 by . . . the promptness of reply, the independence of thought, and notony, and in a room where there was plenty of light amI the general physical and mental health of these enviable air, with enough manual labor to keep the blood flom etag. CR AMONG DOMESTIC ANIMA · i are THE IN EASE OF DISEASE LS American citizens. They were as wel l "booked up " and nat ng. and the brain from getting stupid. These plac�s " posted " on the news of the day, and on the at a premium, for Mr. ay informed us that could get au A vny Cur80JY examination of agricultural statistics and R he reports of difflll"t'nt organizations relative to the diseases of H Great thoug-hts that move mankind," entire new set of hands if he chose, in twenty-four hours. t3 a e domes ic animals, brings prominently to view the fact that as those who make the news and those thoughts their The lac patterns of p p r collars and cuffs for ladies wear, T c i y and of these diseases are on the increase. The cames which engen· specialty. Indppi our columns bear witness, in their pub are h efl made abroad; the delicate tissue the der this augmentation of disease are an interesting and im lished communications, that our mechanics are frequently not thinner parts is given simply by color, while the flowers are embossed portant subject of study. Some light may be thrown upon it only as close thinkers, but as deep and earnest investigators by pressure between dies. by a consideration of the origin and progress of human dis as those who work only with the pen. These workmen, em· One cannot fail to be struck by the ecouomic resul ts de i i of labor. eases, with which the diseases of animals are in many cases ploying their shop hours in the production of pumps, use rived fro.n a d vis on Here is an article which re ir p t l force employes, extemive identical, and iu other instances bear so strong a Tesembl ance their leisure in improving their minds, and acquainting them· qu es large c3 i ll , a heavy of and lv s with e local ti workshops, maby operations, and yet sells for a cellt and one that the principles of general pathology may be considered se e th state of and national poli cs. Indivicl· that is, ten in a cents as equally applicable to both. ually they exercise a large power. Could they do it if herded half each, box at fifteen per box. Countless thousands have to be manufactured be The m edical facul'y Rre generally agreed that, in the hu and crowded together in an ill·ventilated shop from whence of c,}llal's e fore a satisfacto ry di vidend can be made ; and this calcula lllan race, diseases oliginate largely from the artifici'll habits th y would go exhausted to a supper and bed � And could tion we offer to the statistician. of ci vilized socie ty, which, althollgh many of them really they properly and intelligently do their work if they returned conduce to n i e ar in the morning to a close, unventilated shop ? D cidedly not. .. �------hf'alth, as dea l n ss, the absence of the peculi e ------..�� A clean,ai ry workshop is an advantage to employer,employed, IRON RAILS ON AG:>N ROADS. privations attending savage life, etc., are att�nded with prac· CO liMON W tices contrary to the laws of health. and the public generally . The congregation of people in large cities, high seasoned A late visit to the works of one of the largest cotton corpo American wagon roads are proverbially bad during a large food, artificial stimulants, sedentary habits, erc., are fruitful rations in Lowell, Mass.,-the Boott-served but to confirm portion of the year. In spring, while the frost is coming out causes of disease. Among the very poor inhabitants of large us in the idea that the provision of clean,airy,and comfortable of the ground and until they are settled by the vernal rains, towns, the want of proper ventilation, light, and food, adds rooms is pecuniarily prJfitable to the proprietors. Clear heads they are for heavy loads well nigh impas:!ible. Nothing is less e l /le to the catalogue of "ills which fleshis heir to." aud ch eerful mind� conduce not to int l i nt labor than more common at that season than the spectacle of a wagon If we ('xamine the mode of feeding, stablin/l,and breeding to bodily comfort, and acting on this idea, the managers of sunk to the hub in some slough of despond, with its attllnd cattle, we shall find some of th e same causes of disease iu these vast establishments have wisely applied the proper ant driver up to his knees in mud, vainly endeavoring , by the i their implOper management. Dark, ill-ventilated stab�es ; means to th s end. aid of some fence rail borrowed for the occasion, to pry it out, .. �------too stimul ating and concentrated diet ; the crowding of ani· ------�. � at the same time shouting iu terms far from elegant to his l'Al'ER COLLARS. mals in large herds and pens, are countertypes of the causes bedragg l ed and exhausted team. In the fa ll the rains having of human disease. These causes are well recognized among Some querulous person once wrote to a public journal that first ch anged the consistency of the earth into mortar, the breeder�, and we shall therefore not dwell upon them . Our the pleasure of the tourist was all but spoiled now.a·days, fro�t consolidates the ruts formed by the wheels, so tbat there b object is to call attention to a fact which has its analogue in y the prevalence of po per collars. At first tbis complaint is scarcely any choice between the state of the roads at that the culture of vegetables. The diseaoes which have from seems ridiculous, but the gentleman had traveled some, and season and the spring"mud . Dnring the summer any heavy time to time made such havoc with the potato, the hop, and doubtless spoke from what he had seen. If you open the rain breaks up the highways in to gulleys, and also approxi other plants largely cultivated, have been ascribed to over window of your hotel and look down into the court, dirty mates them to the delectable state which they assume at the cultivation. Not that over-cultivation is th e direct cause of paper collars, torn and worn paper collars, collars new but close of winter. dibease, but that the constitlltion� of the plants in question burst at the button holes, collars in all states aud conditions, There is no work done by the people that is more remuner have become so weakened lJyit that they have thus been reno meet your first glance. If you take the wings of the express ative than the repair of public roads and none that is more dered susceptible to train and the depths of the White ills pierce , you are cer· grudgingly performed. The prev lent custom among the ag causes which otherwise would be re H a sisted. tain to meet with paper collars in the most quiet and re ricultural pop ulation is to work out the road tax annually The practice of breeding stock in order to develop particu tired nooks. ThAy bestrew the landscape far and wide, they levied, and this work is too of Leu a mere sham, the time being lar qualities, i�, we believe, fraught with danger beyond a are encountere:i, trodden under foot of man at picnics, peo· allowed by the path-masters while no corresponding amount certain point. It is al l very well to bave horses that can trot pIe drop tham behind sofas in waiting rooms, leave tbem in of labor has been performed. in 2:30 ; hens that lay but will not set ; sheep that will furnish company with worn out toothbrushes, as legacies to waiters, Some years since wheJl the plank-road experiment had a l arge fleece of a desired quality, or co ws that yield t hirty denude themselves of paper collars as crabs do their shells ; proved a failure in this couatry, a good deal of discussion pouuds of mi lk per diem, if these qualities can be obtained so that they are found floating about the world, waifs and took place in regard to the permanent improvement of roads. , without the risk of initiating diseases that rage indiscrimi estrays from the wardrobe, the most useless of all rullbish and among other things it was suggested that iron rails upon nately among, and ravage our flocks and herds, destroying with but one exception-the hoopskirt. which the wheels of ordinary wagons might run would prove alike good and bad. We do not believe that this result of The quautities manufactured every year will astonish the best means of effecting the desired obj ect. Horse rail· the inter.bl'epding, so much in vog ue among our most cele· tho�e who have never given the matter a thought. So very roads were then in their infancy. The experience which has brated breeders, has attracted sufficient attention, or that the general is the use of them, that large fa ctories and many been gained since that time has proved their durabili ty. The constitutional peculiarities and idiosy ncracies of highly bred hands are employed the year round upon them. We lately expense of const.ruction and repairs has been shown to be ullimals have been 8uffi�iently observed. No that visited such a workshop in Springfield, Mass., and brought even less than -that firs t-clai!s McAdam road, while the IV the atten qJ. a . t,ion of the world is attracted to the epidemics and c ontagions a way a few statistics in relation to the trade which will give, wear upon vehicles and horses is less. thut are a c making such h vo , r aising the price of food and so far as fi).!mes can, an approximate idea of the extent of a The proposition to construct common roads upon this plan renderiug peopl i i e s usp c ous of its effect upon the health of novel branch of illdustry. is favorably viewe'din Engl and. The London Ti me8 recently mank ind , this poi nt demands immediate and thorough in Of course the firstthing is to get the paper. This is made published a communica tion strongly advocating" its adoption vestigation. specially for the purpose, of a peculiar stock and color, j;.nd is upon the entire road sy stem throughout the Kingdom, and �------�------"4�•• th r demoustrated its entire practicability for aU sorts of SOlIs, in. SAN TA OF AND furnished in shbets about eighteen by i ty inches, as near THE I RY CONDr-rHN WORKSROl'S as we could estimate by the eye alone. These are piled one cluding bogs and mucky deposits. It also showe that to lay MAN UFACTORIES. upon the other in varying quantities, from 100 upwards, and such roads throughout the Kingdom would cost only one-half A foolishly incorrect idea is generall.v prevalent that con placpd under a machine which is really nothing but a press . as much as the steam railways no w in operation in that coun finement inside a manufactory of any kind is detrimental to A die, or knife, II,bove, the exact shape the collars are t'J have try. It ad vocates the adoption of locomotive engines of a healtb, whether it be a machine shop, found�ry, one of the when cut out, is forced through the sheets, and stamps a particular lype, but we think that for public high ways this is hundre d·and-une establishments for metal working, for wood collar complete out of every one. This merely shapes the generally impracticable. 'What we want in Am ..rica is that working, or the cotton or woolen factory. Fllw manufactur outside. The button hole patches, which are made of cloth, our principal highways should be in good condition at all ing employments are necessarily unhealthy, and the confine are now pp ie This simple p ss seasons for vehicles drltlVn by horses, aud this r6slllt a l d. is a roce apparently, but can ment itsel f we do not believe to be either unh�a1thy or irk it is the work of a very ingenious machine and a pretty girl doubtless be secured by a railway difiering in no i11lportant S01)1e. To be su depart re, there are some ments of the work , conj ointly. The ma;lliae does its part, which is simply to particular from those in use in the streets of the large cities © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 170 [SEPTEMBER 9, l868. OUR PLAlIl ET-ITS PAST AND FUIURE. work which it is designed to perform. It has a sim ple in the United St!tte�. We believe such lOads would prove fmme, with four adjustable leg�, weighing about 90 1bs. Tbe en remunerative, und at once be vipwed with favor in many lo The above is th e title of a very interesting little volum e calities ae a Fl!bslitute jor fne pl ank roads which have so gen tire machine and frame can be E'asily moved by two men. ' published by William Denton, Boston. It is a series of eight eralrl proved a diEuppointment. The machine gives the same mot;ons whIch are given to the - lectures on geology, in the popular sty le now so much in hand drill, and is self-arlj usting to all difJerbnces in hardness ---- vogue, an d is well calculated to brin g- science down to the WHITE .�GU NPOWDER. .... of rocks. The motive power in the experiments above al. level of the masses. These lectures sebm to do this very luded to, was steam, f0r which com pressed air may be sub successfully. They abound in vivid d escription, and are as ·White Gunpowder iR again receiving attention ; a result stituted upon occasion. 'fhe machine is capable of making far as may be, freed from the technical character of more ex· no doubt attributable to the fail ure of mest of the expl o.ive from 400 to 500 strokes per mioute, the force of the stroke tended works. The foll owing extract, intended to show that compvunds, to supersede ordinary gunpowder for fire-arms. For being estimated at 200 lbs. It rE'quires a force of two.ho se tht' resources of model'll civilization will prove sufficient for ! bl llsting, some of thefe compounds have been shown to be of power to drive it. The machine was operated upon this oc the future necessities of mankind, is a good specimen of the great value ; but their ad apt ion to this purpose on account of the casion by means of steam brought through a flexible tube suddenness and violence of their explosions, renders them unfit style of the work : from a locomotive in the quarry. .The rock drilled was a for use tither in large small fire-arms. It is settled princi ple "As long as the world exists, then, we may be assl!redth at or 11 seam of the hardest limestone. The first experiment was t man's ingenuity will keep pace with his neces!ities, and the in gunnery that an explo�ive agent should 110tburn ins antan with a one and five-eighth in<1h drill, with a jet of water human race march on to the goal th at lies before them. eously in a gun, to act most efficiently as a projectile agent. ; flowing into the bore to (arry off the du"t and keep cool. " Man is an important part of Nature ; and his importance it lindin proportion to the size of the gun� in which ordinary The machine was put to its full speed, and in somewhat less gunpowder is to be used, Hs method of manufacture is modi increases hourly. At first a helpless log, he floated on the d than two and a half minutes, the tool renetrated sixteen to insure its burning with Bufficient tardine@s impart stream, but now stems the currbnt, or boldly irects it. fied to inch es. A drill of one and three-eighth inches was tllen set " If the land-sluface of the globe should not increase natu its force to the ball as uniform ly as possible until it leaves the to work in the same hole, when an averdge rate fiveinches rally in the fut-ure, as we have antiCI pated, man's agency of mouth of the gun. per minute was attained. A hole thirty-t wo inches in depth would, without doubt, bring it to pass, as is evident from In the manufacture of all these substances except the white was th us drill in less than ten minutes, includlllg stop what he has already accomplished. eo gunpowder, there is more or less danger. Taking this fa ct pages. Subsequent experiments sho wed that this machine " In Lincolnshire, England, four hundred thousand acres of into c(.nsideration, if the white gunpowder can be shown to was equally adapted horizontal, vertical, or angular drill fever-and.ague�breeding swamp.land have been transformed to act with equal or greater ffficiency, to be as ch eap or cheaper ing, and that irregularities of surface did not inter/ere with into fields wheat, barley, and oats, and excellent meadows. thRn the black, and not injurious by its chemical action to th" of its adj ustmpnt. mechani�m of fire- arms, it ought to be adopted wlthout hesi· In the Netherlands, lands lYIng still lower than the fens of These experiments were followed by S0me experiments tation. Has this been satisfactorily proved ? We think not ; Lincolnshirf', and apparently much more hope.lessly doomed, (. with dynamite. Our readers are aware that ni tro glycerin yet we are far from believing that it cannot be. That it is have been reclaimed, and become among the most produc is fo rmed by the action of nitric acid upon glycerin. Dy ti well adapted to small arms is quite posslblp-, But that it is tive. It ha s ten calculated that nearly nine hundred th ou namite is nitro gl ycerin absorbed by �ilicioU8 earth . and in equally fitfor heavy artillery is we think open to question. sand acrel!' have be�n gained there by di king and draining. appearance resembles very closely coarse, brown sugar. Its Having ourselves made and expe rimEnted with this powder, 'Th", province of Zeal and consists of islands washed by the propert\es are merely thme of nitro glycerin , modified by believe it to be, notwithstanding the statements publish ed �ea on their western coasts, and separated by the many chan· we the "i1icious substance, so that the dangers which attend the nels through whi ch the Schelde and some other rivers find in regard to it, much quicker in its combustion than the ar use of the fo rmer, are entirely obviated. while the strength tillery powdtrs manufactured in this country. Having said their way to the ocean. In the twelfth century, these islauds of the explosion, when brought about by proper agents is were much smaller and more numerous than at present. this we are prepared to admit that it seems possible to so augmented. modify Its composition as to make it sufficiently slo il', but at They have been gradually enlarged, and, in several instances, To show its harmlessness when stored or trans!>or�ed, a at last connected by th e e xtension their system of dikes. the same time fi'ethink its explosive force would be weakened, uf quantity of it was placed loosely upon a stone and set on fire so that it would be little if any superior to common artillery Walcheren is formed of ten islets united into one. At the by a match ; when it slowly burned away , no explo�ion tak middle of the fifteen th century, Gooree and Overflakkee con powder. But if equal to the latter in energy that is enough ing place. similar quantity being pl aced in a like posWon to establhh its va' ue, provided it can be made without danger sisted of separate islands, containing altogether about ten A and being fired by means of a fuse having the end placed in .,and ch eaper than black gunpowder. ' thousan'! acres. By means of above sixty successive advances the dynamite terminating in percu�sion cap, caused an_ex That this can be done will be evident from its composition, of the dikes, they have been bronght to com pose a single 8 plosion louder than a thirty -t wo pounder. This experiment and the mode of making it. It consists of Chlorate of Potash, island, whose area not less than si xty thousand acres.' is was intended to show that without the charge of fulminate 48 parts ; Yellow Prussiate of Potash, 29 parts ; Finest LQaf " A fe w years ag o, an English gentleman purchased for a of mercury contained in the cap, or it� tOquivalen�, an l'xplo Sugar, 23 parts. The.yellow prussiate should be dried in an trifling sum a small island which was covered by the sea sion could not be produced. Next, the holes drilled as above, iron ladle until it is as white as the chlorate of potash. All every flood-tide, but left dry at the ebb. He enclosed it with were charged with dynamite, some being tamped with sand, the materials should be separately pulverized. If the same a bank of earth thirty feet wide at the b ottom, and seven fe et and others with water. The explosions in each case disen mortar or mill is used for each, it should be cleanpd after each high and fo ur fe e t wide at the top, with slop" on th e out 8 gaged la:ge ma�ses of rock. The amount thus hroken up substance is ground. The materials are then mixed by sift side ll aving two f eet horizontlll to one perpendicular. This estimated as being six times as great as would have ing them over and again to insure uniformity. All trituration wall, about two mil E'S and a half long, encllcled the island, 1I'8S been the case with the same weight of gunpowder. One in mixing should be avoided. Mr de in this mamwr there is n<>t except a gap about seventy fE'et wide, through which the charge of ODe and half pounds was placed in a hOlizontal tide flo wed in aud out. Earth was at first used to close the a the slightest danger. It should not be rammed hard but hold nine feet in length, and, tho ugh the tam!>ing was not pressed down solid by the ramrod . Only little more than gap ; but the sea swept away as fast as it was thrown in a it well done, it was "stimated that at least 1,000 tons of rock half as much will be required for a charge as of the ordinary Piles were then driven .in a do�ble ro w, and clay rammed in · · were detached by the explosion. These experi ments, and powder. Although it should COSL somewhat more in the first between them. succeeded, and the litile island was This many others which are constantly taking place, e8tabli�h the Instance weight than black gun powder, when com pared drained. time, excellent crovs were raised upon it, a by In great utility of dynamite beyond a doubt. and we believe the in regard to efficiency it would be cheaper than any po wdt'r house and barn bui lt, and nearly three hundred acres of day is not far oistant when it will supersede all other explo. in market ; but on account of its not being granulated, it land, by the energy of one man, won from the sea. sive agents for bl asting. " The draini f L phould be used in cartridges. These cartridges can be reade, ng o ake Haarlem is one of the best exam pIes ------�--� -- ..�� ��....------th at we posspss o f man's disp powe change INTERESTING TO RAILROAD TRAVELERS. by persons ot ordinary ingenuity, of paper or gut, and will osition and r to -Judge Shorswood, obviate the difficulty which would be otherwise experienced water-surfaces into dry land ; and is at the same time a pro of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, has decided that the in obtaininll' equal charges. in the ordinary manner fr om a phecy of what will be done in the future, when th e earth platform of a rail way company, at its station or stopping shall be as densely l fla�k, arising from the non-granulation of the powder. An popu ated over its whol e extent as it is place, is in no sense a public highway, and that there is no ordinary flask would not be adapted to carry it, as its mouth now in Holland. dedication to publIc Persons are allowed to walk over use is so narrow that it would be difficult to get the powder in or "Here was a lake fifteen miles long, and sevt'n broad in its it for other purposes than as passengtlrs arrivIng and depart greatest wid tn. What fine fa rms here,' out. we migh t have ing in the tl'8.ins, but they have no legal right to do so. and -- sai d an ------...... ��.------enterprising Hollander, 'if this lake were only the SE'rvan te of company, after requesting them to leavt', EXAMINERS TO BE EXAMINED. tbe . drained I '-' Yes ; but it lies below the sea-level, and it can remove them by whatever force may be necessary . would be impossible to druin it.'-, Then we must pump it Commis�icner Foote contem plates making a thorough ex Pump it dry "V ho ever heard such an absurdi nminati,'n of th e qualifications of the Examiners in his office, dl'Y.'-' I of ty ?' But pump it dry they did. For this purpose, three OFFICIAL REPORT OF and to weed out all inefficient officers. There about 40 are large steam-engines were em ployed, each pumping a mil lion . pm sons to whom the higher duty of E'xamining into the tuns of water in twenty-five and a half hours. They com FA-fIlINTI AND CLAIIII merits of inventions is intrusted, and all who are found de menced pumping in May, 1848 ; and laid it dry in July, ficient in qualifications are to be discharged. The Examiners lssued by the United States Patent Office., 1852. Where the boats sailed and the fishes swam are no w teceive higher salaries th an those performing clerical duties, comfortable cottagE S, fertile fields, and a population of five FOR THE WEEK ENDING AUGUST 25, the policy being to excite a laud able ambi tion in the lattpr 1868. thousand thriving citizens. In the same country it is now class. The Commissioner intends, also, to give the latter the Reported. OJ)l ctally for tlteScientific American. proposed to drain the Zuyder Zee, which covers two thousand preference in competitive examination for the places GRANTED FOR SEVENTEEN a the following square miles. The time will come when the land under PATENTS ARU: YEARS, of sllch Examiners as may fall short of the standard of belna- a 8cbeduleof lees:- Lake Erie will be of more value than the water within it ; Un .Q.llD.g ••� ...... qualifications...... 5 ..... On !:lUng �acbea.ch ()s.v�at �10 aoplU?stlOn tor deSle-n...... o .... and, when that time comes, man will say to the waters, for a .Patent,except 'S8ulue orlglDal ...... • ••• ...... s•...••••••••.••.....••• • •. $2$150 That is good ; and we ho.ve no doubt, if the examination is Ou eacb Patf'nt , March and they will go, leaving the land for man's oc properly made, the Commissioner will find among the really I' cupancy. Its greatest depth is but two hundr .. d and seventy g� :gg��l;?o���rm[f:o :;!'{].��.�� .��.t.��:�::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: �::: :r�g good m�n some dunces who might be better employed in : �x������. feet, and its drainage would be an easy matter. g� :�K!ifiling��:��� DisclaImer ...... ?f... :.����:...... ::::::::::::::::::::::::;:...... :::::.....:::::.:.....: 10 In like 00 J!lin a other business. We hope this examinat.ion will be extended � .pplicatlon for Design (thrpe and " ...... On applicatlor. balf years) 10 manner, the lands of Lakes Michigan and Superior will be for De.'a-n(seven yP ...) ...... 15 throughout the whole official force, and if there are any Ex· tUt!lin�ing lI.DDHcatlon for Desle' .. . n (i'ourreen ...... :n$3 80 needed, demanded, and obtained, and the sea be made to give OnIn vears) aminers or employes who are interested in the success of a tio to wh1ch there a.re some small rev nu - s tamp taxes. Residents dd.i n f" e up a large portion of its shallow shores to supply man's of Canada and ova Scotia pay $500 ou application. patent agencies or attorneys either at Washington or else N constantly-increasing demand for room." whE're they should be discharged. There is already a strong pr Pampltlet.containIng tltePatent 1.t,tw. and full particular8 aftltemode The remarks of the author upon the climatic changes that Busl'icion that sooe clerks are unfaithful to their trusts. o.fap ply,ng for Letter. Patent,8pec:f ll,ng .,.e ofmodel requ,red..and mllelt have occurred within the historic period, and the rem ains of otlterinformation useful to In�entor., may be had gratis by addre88 ·ng .. _ .. UNN . . Publi.ltersoNhe ScientillcAmerIC an. New Yor . BOWE Y EXPL05ION.---TBE EB GINEER'S DEFENCE. man in connection with those of extinct animals, are interest k THE R M &; 00 ing and instructive. Although we cannot endorse all the 81,320 -STRAM SAFETy VALVE.-E. Allen, Boston , Mass. The explosion of the hoiler of one of the metropolitan G. inferences and opinions contained in the book, we believe it C'.lalm, 1st, The combination of a spring , g, sleeve, d, and btem, c, substan- t i e steam fire engines, at a fire on the Bowery, New York city, is to be a meritorious contribution to popular scientificli terature. I2�;J� :s� Ugt�i: t��rf�:�if;I ��ith tbe perforations, s s s, as and for the still fresh il) th e recollection of our readers. It will be re p � ��� © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC SEPTEMBER 9, 1868.] J 171 I. dtntifit �tUtritnu. alternating part.it1ons,a B, ref'civing chamber, .J, fan, driven trom the axle 81,351 -BOILER FLUE CLEANER.-George R. Dobbins, Low gle and there retainpd. substantiaUv a� descrihed, for the purpose specified. or car wbee1ll,and con due .ing pipes, G F, with flexlblE" CflnnrctlODs, H, for 3d, Adjustlng the platf',I, :lnd tbe cuttets, E E� simultaneously, by means d18tribuLlng tbe heated air, 'b,� WHole arranged as desvr.bed and operatmg 1n ell, Ma's. r i l r n , N 0 L W, sub· c r n o t r d flueend, e, pipe, a. fiangE',b, � r : �u�'o����eC � ��� l g the maUUI r and lor the purpose specified. an1d ���e��b:� c� ls��c��d :s ::rJ� :e� r�r't�: �[a��raI1� .�:h��:{� :te�C�i�telt . o :: C fi 81,323.-CAR COUPLINO.-T. Arndt, Mt. Joy, Pa., assignor to !ll,352.-MILKING STooL.-Otis Earl. Hermon, N. Y. A e o e , mii��d w; t�b:���i������r'�o:e:e��� a�IJ�?s� g��vi��{��i� :��l:ti��t �?J�e I hlmselt, C. H. Nisslev, and I. L. Landis. E, E, I claim tb� combination, with a milkln/Z stool, ot a tail-clamping attach· ment, substantlUlly as shOWl:! and d scrt led, and for tbe purpose set f"orrh. claim tne rombmation of the plD 8npportpr, link holder, C, pin, and ��� a[� �� b� ��;����� by the w,-,ight of rhe milker, substantially as 81,374.-R"LE ./!'ASTENING.-William M. IrVine, Montgom· link, M. all arrangea and COllBtructed bubl:\t.a.ntiaJlyas described and for the n or :�n�� e purpo!'le::: peciftea. 81,353. - FANNIN€G MACHINE. - George F. Evans (assignor fl-rY, Ala. 81.324.- LAMP BnACKET.-Wm. Ascough, Buffalo, N. Y. c e o n a ����lng the ends of the !Strap I to himself and Ge011ZeP. R'ley), Chelsea, Mass. b l� ��� ��:n ���l�i�g���tJ;t��:J�h claim Recurill2' )Hmps.ln bJ�('kets by means OrUD npper guardin.e;,C, and o/81,37').-���� CORN SHEI·L�R.- George Johm on, l\1arshall , rOD- eo iODEI,d,tor attachIng'to the Bnpportmg ring, 8ubstantlRlly in the man I Claim rhe fan.. D, operatidg as de�cnoed. m combinationK, with arm,S, h, con F. ner and lor tbe purpose set forth. necting roel, e,' pIllIOnwhet"'l, I,1,W. crank pm, t, larg ' wh �el, pinion, barrel Iowa. 81,325.-ELEVATOR.-E H. Ashcroft andJ. Brown,Boston, wbeel, m, sprlllg.d. fan whe thumb-screw, b, and c:rauk.a, f0r wmdme, I R. chilD. 1st, Tbe ra.diallv p.xpanding- shell PI'S. providedC, with tlJe curvpd H. n i g ively to each oLher, suostantially as descdb- plate�, e e and e1 el. in cOlllbinar,ion with the wbeel, a d spring, D, sub Mass., assignor""to E Ashcroft. ��,�t;,r�f�;(�:e gu�8��:;�t t��1� n We claIm, l�t. The sbafts, ha"ing a series of s('reWBor bosses, arranged 81,354.- WATCH CHAIN HooK.-Charles Faas, North Attle- stantIally as and for Lhe pnrp'Jse descri ned. E, therein, sub!'tanthllyas a.nd1,for the purpose described. R, 2d, The arrangprnenL,with rehltion to the drawin2:ro llers, E and shell 2d, In Cllmbination with the 8hans, I. having the bosses, R, secured thpre boro. Mass. l F,mg pnuo w1?-eel.n. G,C, having the toothed rim, Cl, of the drive shaft, S, main wl.lp.cl , on, the plates, J, llavin� the semICircular grooVfS with screw threads i t, O i b �:r���� ��� k, at the A and connectmg ge ,ring as herein shown aud descrIbed, upon cut thpreln, said parts being arranged for joint operation, substantial1y as slld��� rg��� b:�:d �h�' �rf�g�, ��\�!; ��d'f�� t�� b, fg;t� the lrame, B tH, for the purpose specified. de"crlbeCl. i-t1,���ivlded link, c, In combmatlon witb the band, substhntial1y as 81,376.-GuIDill FOR 8CROLL 8AW.-L. A. Johnson, New 3d, An elevator, consisting ofa cag:eor platform, havlnlrthe scrpw plates, dP;� York ctiy. and "he guide rollf'rs, attacbed. and the shafts, with the bosses, 81,355. -THILL COUPLING.- Reuben Fink, and Jacob B. I chum_tbe grooved guide-roUer, fittedi n the pressur� cla.mp,A, to re J, e n a SUitable frame.11, and arranged to operate substantiallyL, as bereinH, Bershock, Lancaster, Pa. ����� the saw, E, substantially In theD, manner as ana for the purpose set re�g;ib�d � We claim, 1st, Tne combination of the hinged pieces, A B, arrang-edand en . !l1,iJ2fi.- STEAM SAFETY VALVE.-John Ashcroft, New York tering'fortile slntt e-i prolonga1ion of the bed plate, substantmlly in the manner 81,37i.-SAD IRON HEATER.-S. M. Johnson, Lockport, N.Y. and tbe purpo�e spf"cified. F, I city. lhe M. F, in t n l e t t e e G,I cl lim, l]t, The valve, 1m, arran!!edwith the burner. and hoilow rod, claim, ht. TheI, construction ot valve, and its seat, with guides, tb�db!� �f::' c� :heri �� 6Po���EJ a!t·����r �t e� �i�� � sfo�:���lJ c�ii�d �ubs�hetantiany burner, In F tile untnner tine!for the purpos� set forth. m.2d. and openings, as hf'reinset forthA,. �prings, D arranged and operatllig substantially in tbe manner and for the 2r!, consistine:01 the tube, x. Dro.videa WIth slots, s s, and The arrangemelit of the dome, case, B, and valve seat, F, as herein purpose descnbed. radIating wlre, 0, illC )mbiIlation with the vapOrlzmg cbamber, e, arranged set f0rtb. 81,356. - 8AWING MACHINE. -John Frey, Osnaburg, and as and for the Durpose "pPClfled.u u, 81,327.-WAGON SPRING.-Cnlvin Atherton, Wales, Mich. l!ft i r��a r � arranged with the burner, F, substan- A John M. Eicnholtz, Canton, Oh10. t y ��hO �n�7� ���� �d�' 1 claim the arrangement of the semt elliptic spr1ngs nnd C. In connec We S S, 81,3 78. - BuTTONe BOOT.-.Joseph L, Joyce, New Haveu, Ct. tion witn the jacks. B and D, and the runnm12: gear ofany wa�on or carriage, claim the drlviDg shafr, 1'. composE!'d of the tube, wah journal, s, and bhaft, t T T', with collar. L', wilen used ln combination with the drivmg 8u'l8tantiaI1y as bereln set torth. pullcJ', .P, a .1 claim cuttm� or dlviding the fly ator npar ttle ankle·joint lint',sub 3tan· 81,328.-BK.WING MACHINE.-Robert Barclay, Buffalo, N. Y. of sawIDg- ulachine, said pulley b .. ingthe mamtai npd in its relative tlalh' in the manner anri for tilepu rpose herein set.for th.. positIon to the machme bv meRns of arms. Y Y, exterded ends of wbich 81,279.-TREADLE FOR SEWING MACHINE.-lJarl Kihn, New I claim tbe cam, P.and lever, R,in combmation wfth the spring arms, S and ����J�IJboxes of the drIving pulley, P, substantially as and for the purpose V, c.onstructed and arran ed to operate as and 101'the purposes spt forth. . I York city. 81,329.-NlECHANICAL .l\1oVEMENT.-John 8. Barden, Provi· 81,357.-MACHINE FOR DRAWING AND SPINNING COTTON.- CHum Lile sewing machine treadlp., composed of a platp',A, of roughened denc'3,R. 1. (' orwich, Conn., assignor to bimsE'lf,James P. Upbam, and D,glasd, �uppo�ted in and elevated above theC. frame, B, carrying a standard I ����;¥ � o� HS eqUlvalent! and trle open clurches, the whole beHI.!!:co nstrllcted, claIm the Cf,mbinatl"n of an external and an internal gear with &n eccen I �M �e d, a<..r.dope ratIng substd.utlallyin the manner and tor tHe purpose set tric, folubstantifilly as eet forth. claim,lst, The bearing-,d, or its equivalent, constructedD. be as described,so ;gftr� 81,330.-STEAM GENERAToR.-Charles Bean, East Doug· bat by turnlDg it in cliff�rentpOAitlons the roller, may adjusted to the e 81,380.-DIE FOR MAKING CLEVIS BLANKs.-Jacob Kritch , e f c s a t :E��� ?ll I lass,Mass. D2��T� e s���re�rl������;�rtS�� ��i��IIl grit ��i��s tJ:e������� Cleveland Obio. tubps,claim A {he construction and combination of the section. formed of the moving the back top roller forward or back. tbe position of the saddle stir I Claim the dIPS as bert'inde� cribed for the purpoie set forth. B, and the fiues,D, with the apertures, V, substantially 8S herejn or spring is not altered, sUDstantially as and for the purpose 81,381.-JOINERS' CLAMP.-.Jacob Kuneman, Canton, Ohio. shown and descrIbed. �f � eigbt p�wl, 81,331.-BRLT FASTENER.-G. M. Beardsley, Fenton, Mich. f� � n l I claim the joiners' clamp, comooseda ot a clamp levE'r,A, with a o����� ��\� w l n �� a h a ����:;tit:::t�Olltg, {i�.(�ri��l�� �\��dh���c�i()�k��?W��� Antedaled AUIr.7. 1868. e bgriol� ��r:;V1:xfd !}i��:is S:::.��ga��rarlOi �:o���J Pb e tigt� IT-�. :\t� �:'�B7�T� c a ��J :r�'n�:di�;b�l�h�I:fl�n!: a tom roHer, tlle middle top rolkr, C'. constructed and opHdted as 8hown and D, tolb�ri,�:��l �J�bT�!d ��lcr�b:� ��J t� ;��� describf'd,in combination with the "'ollerD and C, and beariIJg, d, substan- said ratchet bar, B, 18 pIvoted to tile lever A. between uptne bar, 0 fjndtne PU1 OFlPset forlh. ti !f��n�fl:r��clbq��:����C;;���rlng, ratcbet.a. Rnd the whole cldmp isso arranged as toroId in the .formsno wn 81P332.-SAWJNG MAcHINE.-Peter S. Beidler, South Eas ���, d, combined and arranged sub- su(,sranttally as ano for the purpose herem specilied. stantIallY as and for the purpose set forth. 81.382.-WAGON BRAKE.-F. D. Ladenberger, Glenbeulah, I ton, P�. D, The rollers, B' C and in combination with the saddle, a, substantially WIS. claIm, 1st, The combination, witb the adju�tij.ble carriag-e, of the· ad· 5r11,and for the-pnrpose b(.reInD, spec1flea. A, justable t"eedi] g apparatus. consistIng of the trip catCh. h, pf'ndallt bar, §!, 8S I claim, 1st,B, The combination, in a wagou brRke, of th� croSlsbar, loose welgbted h"ver, f, slotted bar, e, connect.1Dlr rod, c. rock suaft, d, teed shaft 81,358.-ExPANDlNG BOTTOM FOR BEDS, SEATS, ETc.-Eli K. s�a) bal. connected oy any sU1table rods. i I, and kept hack to the extent and uil,ion, and swinging frame, K, arranged as described for the purpose Garretson, Ottawa, Ill. of tbelr play by a sprint!.e. of �my suitlkbleform or anan:rement,with brake speCified. 1, u I els1m the cons1ruction of a cot, bf'd,or seat, with a fi0xible bar D, in shol's,j j, su:·penllf'd by stirups or link�, k k, connpCled witl1tne axle tree hY o A G rods h 11, aU arraneed to operate as orakes by bemg connf'ctedwith the d t e a gi:J���e:�����:�d �ub� c�mbmation wi.11'�, legs, B. EI�retcbers,C 9, Bunporrs, e e.bolts © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 172 [SEPTEMBER 9, 1868. c t t rd, t .403 2d. The- spt serpws, .n2, in tbe lugs, al, arranged to clamp upon ihp 81 TRACE F�STENEl{. Thaddeus Pe k, S ra fo C . ble wedge, C. as hE"remshown adjusta v, thp.sprtne- , x, thE"spring too, C, the In('line,snostan t, tbtlallye al1j ustahle a-age,8, and The key, C, WbO!=6shank is"formf'dwi th projectlorlll, 02. when adaolcd to afld deRcrJhed for t.be"p...urp ()�c �pect.tlp,t ;�: ::.� �c;;�8�B?���?ted and operating as de��rlbed, and • be fittedIllto l'ecet-�e'lformed m the ellds of l11e wh::fH.e·trpc,and ()revf!Dted 81,426.-Hop VINE THEI,LIS.-Yonngs 'IV Smith , Bristol , ' l t r N. Y. 5'h, Tne arran n. gemtlntaud combinatIon of fhe spur gp.ar�, P p'. the washer ��:rr!�����f;3 ���l�n�1 �������� L;�� �:� r� o?�:���e;�y ct , �¥�� and screw, n tbe connections, A A, the C'\ Ch, r. tiJespr ine:.W, and tho �;l��3:� ' 1 claIm tbe improvpd bop trellls.formen oftbo eleva'ed DB�allelsupoorting ���b��\. constructed and operating sub.tantlally as and for tbe pur· her�in shown an:i described, 1" r the purpose spP("lfipd. WIres, a a.and standardR, A A. III comhmation w1th stake�, B B, ann rt!I\Clonal f:�h�' Q. 81,404.-APPARATUS FOR FBEDII'fG !:lCREWBLANKS.-Elijah nflt work of twme. alternatmg ttom row to row. and 8t,ake to stakE' over the � r D S. PIE"ree,Hartt ord. COl) intermf'djate supportp'g wires, a a'. arranged subt'ltantla1Jy as Sft rC:rth 6:-b, Tbe arrtoln-remE'nt and combinaUon of the shaft, D, tbe gears m n n. D Lynn tbe OlliS, j j. or their equlva.lent, with tbp.lever. g, and vibrating shan J ,' I claim tJ·R comblDation of the roUer, Ot and belt, D, with the hopper and 81.427.- BREAD CUrTER-J Soles, Ill. ' A wben constructed townShip, oper'Lting substantially as Hrld fOI the purpose set forth. !�'l,"i:i. B, and arrangcd substantially as berein de· 1 Claim tbe combtnatlon of tbe arched atan © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC SItPTEMBER 9, 1868.] 173 ence to the nhtforms or sections ot the npoer deck, Rnd· the framework of attachment of bar, BS, to said foot, substantially a'3and for the purpose shown 81,51 3.-FENcE.-Abraham Lapham, Farmington, Mich. the car, substantially as shown aurl descrIbed. and de�cribf\d. B D, 81,4fJ9 2d, The frame or hip plate,D, to which the legs arc attached, 1nd by rne.nR 1 Claim the porrable fenr-e.cons istinz of thp harH, !l.n(j pivoted tOg'e -H�MtJ:-Thomas G . .8rooks, Oneida, Ill. c ai egs are connected W h tbe body of the toy, substantially as tllPr near tbeir top, the bart'!.B providpt! with cross b1.rs. a, the ends of claim the ham(',A. when providt'o wi th a notche1 platp-, b. in combin::t- ��s��h� � d J It whIch are heveled. and the bar�. D, orovIdl-'dwith the. bars, E. :-.imllarly bev tion1 wlth the slotted �pria2', constructed a� described, for the purpose of d eled, 811 COD!o"!Trurted. al'raltlleO, ana olJPralin� as bereln described. arhch1ng the hames togetherD, by means of Lhe ring, substantially as and 3d, The C0Ds1ruction of legs or movable parts of the toy, substal'ltiallv as FOR CARDING 1"or the Durpl)sPs herein set 1orth. 1$ , de�cribed, whereby, wben the toy is moven over the fioor.the sa1d parts are 81.514 -WINDING FKAMl': ENGINE.-William 81,470.- WINDLA;:S. N. c used to imitate tb� roovflments of the- corresponding parts of the natural Leach, and Josp,phLe'tch, New Harmnny, Ind. -N. B. Brown, Antwerp, Y. Ante- limb which it is rles'gned to rep esent, substant,ally as set fortll. Wrl claim the smoo·h rod or rolh·r, A, provioed with movable fi·'tu!!:"es.n B, I dated AU!luRt1'7. 1868. 4th, The kg'Sof a toy, made ot one or more pieces, connected with �ranI{s. in ('omOinaC C,tio tl with a series of drums. D D. anove. and another fleries ot claim, 1&t, Tile brake. j, in combination wHh a ratchet wheel, E, and or tbe equivalent therf'of,and operated or made to walk by contact of tlle drums, below the S'lme,al l constrncren as described, and operatmg sub clutch. !!. thp Reveral pJ.rts oeiag construckn and opeJ·a.tedsub.3tJ.ntlally as feet or lo\�rer extremlties with the surface over WhICh the toy is propt lled or stantJally as and for the purposes herdn set fortb. an{t for rhe Jlurpose Spt-cified drawn. 81.515.-(jIj:ALK-HOLD ffirlFOR BILLIARD·TABLE,-Andrew lVI. 2d. J he arrang'emel1t of the 'haft, R, wheel, E, and crank, F, with the -HoT AIR CE.-C. Gregory, N .• a re c nstructed and 81,492, FURNA B. Beverly, r. Leonara and Belmont 1'e1"1:1n8,Ann Arb lr.,Mtch. ������e�a���a fori�� �����' je ;��rnti� l� ;!�i�fc��ts 9 o I C�:!:bp1;tx���d�banl��E� t �;�ae:1E�a���g�::;���i� �ith ItS tubes, We claIm the constnlctjon of a box, B, pJ"ovid, d with a. hInged bottom, C, s e p. c , e a f I d aud cbam. L. in connf'CUOIl wlth Circular hOX, D, f'vcr.E. fulcrum screw. F , 81,471.-SKEIN HOLDER.-Thomas F. Brown, Jr., Concord, 21, Perforated plates, arranged above the sides of a fire pot, that their raU!!ed a!lcl opcratlI11g" sU:lstantlally as and for N. H. lower edges may be raised from contact wirh the firepot, lor th.esopurp ose set �g�l��r�o��[�(h:l�l,'l: B��'��t�: I clalm the combination of thp platPB. A B. slitted and notched, 9S descri�ed, forth 81,516. -SrroE. -James S, Lester, and Perriu H. Cardwell, with tbelr connections Kn (! operatIVe sprin .., arranged and applied to them 81,493.-WINDOW SAsH.-Henry Goss, Tiffin, Ohio. Knoxville, 'i'pnn. subs1 tanJlalll"_.lis specVEifif'd,the whole being tor tlie purpose as explained. claim tbe tongue, C.spring, D, set screw, g, bar, h, and pins, j j. arranged We claim the front pi�ce, A, and side pieces, B and V, formed in tbe manner 8 ,472.- HAR STER. - Thomas S. Brown, Poughkeepsie, in lcornbill atinn with the sash. B, to operate as set for'h. described, fnr the purpose of fOfming a shoe, sUbslar:.ti;llly as and for the 81 494 E purposes hereIn set forth. N. Y. , .--WAT R EI,I!;VATOR.-JOS. Gruey, Kendallville, Ind. 81,517.-IIoRSE Ht\y F K h I cbim. 1st. The shipping lever, provjrledwith a cam or eccentric slot �nd I O . C arles E. Lins, Ashland, Pa. construct d nd op ratm chum the water elev!ttor described, (>onsistiC', ng of curb, A, shIfnng p;hatt, I R - D, G, ����P ;g�:i e� !� \ on the slidIng fork, when e a e g B. with bar and pin5, b4, loose spool�, C wlth genr wheels. c1, and cylin- claim, 1st. TheF, auf) combinatior:, with the movable j;lW, of the slIde, 2 a ; �� �cfr h. d, de , c. h vin the faC'e wheels, c'2, standard D, adjustable sh · ft, d. with gear connecting r Jd, latch, H, arranged and operatiol!in the manner and The Ct muivatI On of tbe �lotted and notched If'ver with l,he spiral spring l' �{ I g v , n h i h fur the purpo�e �et forth. lle slidmg fork, when constructed and operating snbstantmUy �s set �: ������ ����D�e8���� �p ��% �P[� 1 in� �� � :� (If C tg;th� n ', e e t 'e e J Pol; ��� ;�;>��s�:��� D,2d, The combined arrang-emt'ntF, G,t�e stock, A, rigid and hinged jaws, The of the Blot�ed and notched levfr with '"be rm�ral spring, forth. brace. E, rod or brace, fl'lide, and latCh, H, �\ll s Ibstantta.lly ag de· 3d, comhination 8 49 .-PREPARING OILs.-Stuart Gwynn, New York city, scrioed, for tne purposes flpeciiled. the slidlng fork. and the wlieel having a grooved aud ratcheled hub, when 1 !i S. M. C. 81,518.- CHURN. -D eloss L. constructed and operating subst.l.ntially as �et Iorth. assignor to Clark, Washin2"ton, D. Main, Brooklyn, Mich. 81,47 HARVESTER RAKE.-Thomas 8. t aim oils prepared and purified In the manner which have berein set claim thr:>combin atIon of the cburn, A, dasller shatto perforat.ed wings, . 3. Brown, Pough keep- � 'i! I D,l . H, - fo . crank, E, bearing, l!\K fltandll. rd, G, drivln� whe'�l, H, pinio!).I, ('rank: I 81,496.-ApPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF OILS,- Stuart wbeel, J, connf'cting rod, and hand crank, when constl'ucted, arranged �\"al :' f.t A s Ingln gear frame or box mounted upon and vibrating M. L, horizonta ty -iboutthe vt'Fticalr:1k�and reel sh!:floft,subs1anf1ally descrioed. Gwvnn. New Yerk city,and S. M. Vlark (assignors. tQ S. Clark), Wash- anrton eratlDl?;sUb�tantlally a� ane1 forE. the pm'p05esherein Sl"tfvr th. T, p II.!' C. 81,519.-CRE!>.M 2d, hor'zontal driving sh'\ftmounted in a swingiug gear frame, whose ingtnn, D. SAVER.-S. Mallett, Corry, Pa. axis ot vlbl"ftt,ion1S th� vt'rtleal rakl-'�h att. We clatm, 1�t, The withln described combination and arrangempnt, in SUC· I cla.im the crpllmsaver, A, constructed flnri oper!l.tmg !:'nbs:antiaJIy as antI 3d, The combination of aswmgin.ll g'a rfrflme with its gearing and a douole ces-ivelv lower planes, of an oxidizing tank, A, provided " B.ir,h a detachable for the purposes hvremdescri qcd, WIth or witbout openings, o. jotnted tumbling shaft, hy the use of which the usual t:xtensilJletum bling stirrh'g shaft, H, aTld dift"uslngsieve, P, a ncutral1zing- tank. witb sievp, P', 81.520. -COMPOSITION GHJNDING AND POLlSHL'fGMA R stJaft is Lispens.... d with. sublit>.ntially as descnbeo. at top, and steam or hot �ir pipes, Q, within the snme, a stf'amingo tank, C, BLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCEFORB.-J . C. 4th, Tbe vertically aojustaole SWitCh lever. for the purpose describei. containing sUItable steam-jet pipes, and an evapor atmg t}j,nkor vessel, D, I McAfee, West,Aipxande r, Pa. 5th, The fLdjustahl�SWl tCll lever, corubm © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 114 J titutifit l SEPTEMBER 9, 1868. N, 1\tUtritan. 81.542.-0IL OR SUET Cup.-Bobert Ross, Bethlehem, Pa. pInion sbaft, witbin the body as descrIbed, for jl:rass andgrain -cuttIng at this o:tHceon the 2d day of November next. Any person may oppose this I machlnes. claim an oil cnp. constructed and up-'ratlng $1.$ herp.inspt forth. extension. Objections, depositions, and other papers sbould be filedin tbis Q. A. 8L570.-POTATO L CE .-Charles B. King, Gallatin, Tenn . day 81,543.-- STEAM GENERA'rOR.-J. Sargent, Manchester, I S I R F, officetwenty days before the of'hea ring. claim the g'RteG, frame, E, wl1en the s'\me is provided WIth 3 knif(�, N. H. aDd g'ae-eplate, and is used in c'ltnbinatlon with the tl\.bl.�, H, and the 11 ELISHA FOOl'E.CommissIoner of Patents. I claim a boiler, constructed and arranged substanthlly as hereIn set whole is so constructed and arranged as to operate 8ubstantIal1y as de forth. scribed. 81,544.-MoDE CONNIl;CTI"'G TIIIll D�AFT L VER TO 81, 571 -PLow.-Alexander Vail, Henry, Ill. U. PATENT OFFICE, ( HORSE-POWER MAOHINEs.-HenryOF Shaw, .New OrlBans. La. E claim. lqt. Thp heam. C, supoorti!1�the plow, D, and rigidly securerlto WASHINGTON,S. D. C., Aug. 21. 1868. 5 claim the sprmgf'l,d e, in cnmbination with the lever. B, whp.nthe latter 1 S, Wbltten E. of New York city, bavlng" petitioned for an extension of is 1pivotec1 to the driving wheel. A, and the sev<>r"tl are arrangerl, COO the axle, A. illcom bination ""tth thp,dr iv-r's seJ.t. the htnlledhOl lnds,E E', KMd, D'lr18 an u h U h n tbe patent granted him on the 28tb day of November, 1854, tlndreIssued the structed, a '0 conjointly.operated, substantially as herein described, for the 2� :�r:;" s�ile', t� l� ��n;lrc�ign �t� t��r, hounds, pUt'pose set f,)rth. and tongue, substllntilllly��!����I:!�as and��� tor!�: the puroos6 oescrihed. l���: 13th day of January, 18;'7,for an improvement in ., Molds for Pressing Bon 81,M5.-UAI{RrAG�] WHEEL.-Jacob T. Shimer, Easton, Pa. 3d, The hlDged bounds, E E', if) combi.nation wIth :t plOW suspended from at I claim the comhio&tlnu of the wrou�htirl)nRpok s, thre51dedat each a i d e s t l s e . net Fronts," it i� ordered that the said petItion be heard this omce on tl1e end, witb tIle cast iron hub, A, having- sr'rp,w thread Bpf'rf B.orat iollo;l,and the ��:t.¥h� ���bf�i��� o�f)tt� b�!�: �� O f��� D:hI���J g��ng� , E E', tone;ue, �tb day of November next. Any person may oppose tbis extension. Objec. F, lever. axle, A, and driver's sedot, substantia Ity as and for the purpose wooden rim, C angular plates, c, and screwR, d, all arranged together in the I, l tIons, depositIons, and other papers should be filedIn tbis otllce twenty days maDt,er set forth. described. be re tbe day of hearIng. 81,546.-�PIKE MACHINE.-William Hamilton Schoenberger, t? ELlSHA FOOTE, Commissioner of Patents. cmeinnati. Ohio. clalm, 1st, The heretn·fl£>8cribcd 8er�es of dies, at. cut.ters. a b, and brad· REISSUES. ers.1 k, all arranged, r'latively to the other pfl.rts of the machine, eutlstantial U. PATENT OFFICE Iv as sh(�wn.anci adapted to make more than one spike at each operation 61,796.-PLow.-Dated February 5, 1867 ; reissutl, 3,094.- WASHINGTON,S. D. C., Auu:.3, 1868. { from smgle bar or roct. James C. Bethpa, :Blakely, Ga. DanIel G. Ambler 5 2d, Thea arrangement. in the cutter bead, B. of tbe bead blo('k, beaders, n o e O and Halsted H. Hoeg, of Jacksonville. Fla., admInistra k k, and rutters, b b, Subgtsnt,iallv in the mllnner set forth. K, je�t����B;��' ��:fv�e�:6\ftt��p���� W��� :h��� ���r!1�::l� i;0���r{b � tors ot the estate of Daniel C. Ambler, deceased, baving petitioned for an 31, The arran'rement of the slirtin2'hloc U. Hnk'3, w w, heaJ, V, ejecting vertic ��; exte W. as c. 11 part of the post next below it. the holding-down mechanism ot' the nsion 01 tbe patent granted to tbe saId Daniel C.Ambler on tbe 7th day rod .. , x xx, lever, and cam, X, dl"'scribed. beam. S2,547.-GRAIN DRILL.-Jacob Shreiner, Camp Hill, Pa. 2,j, Making tbe connection of the plow·beam to the post. baving tbe of Noyember, 1854, foran jmprovemfnt in" Sewing Machines," it is ordered claim the combination and arrang'emf'ntH. of the boot. with thecontrac- front flange, by the stirrup, D, and wedge, E, eqvivalelltsA., ot' tbese tbat said petition be beard at this otllce on tbe 2d aay of November next. 1 t e id distrlbuteriilsust ainedA, two parts. tbeF, stirrup ot which surrounds r,he beamEU' and a por�ion of the :�� � � ��!�6���rf �' :c�r� �� in posit:oll,sub- metal below it, and has directly in rear of the lower end a portIOn of tue Any person may oppose this f·xtension. Objections, deposittons, bud otber n �I � d e e post. papers should be llIedin tbis otllee twenty days belOl·e tne day oj bearin�. 81.548.-SEED PLANTIf,R.-T. H. Smith, Clyele, N. Y. 3d. The post. A,having the front flange,F, and projection B, or any equiv claim, 1st, The combination of trame. A. wheels, gefl.r wbep-Is. alt'nt 11 ELV,HA FOOTE,Commissioner of Patents. I M, B, H I. ot'th l:o:projectlOn, wt 1ch together with thl> beam, lS surrounded bv the band wheel, K, wheel. M !=Ihatt, Wbeels,M2 M2, and markers, P P, all ar r t W 0 e e ran�ed and operating-subsraorially &� and for tbe purp 'se set forth. ��� �Ed t�;a ��� g�a�o t��e:�J�: :a 2��:ea. �:rt�s PATENT OFFICE. 2d, Th� RPeo boxes, 1 C1, in comhinatinn witb tbp sl'd�B N, roJs, �'ed��,ct;h�� g� ,t�l����t U. S. N', and w�akenl ng eilh(>rone. WASHINGTON, C .. Aug-. 5{ C n r i e h S e O t e V. 21,lR68. 33d �T��e ;���� �t��: �:���:h!�f �� t::J �h :�I��1��� ('% mbinf1t10nwi th thp. t B.�� !n�e��Ti�fe�� �f t� eftfr�J�� ' �;�t,�ti��,f�����to�e1h �1� �[t1t J. W. Rohertson, of Washington, C., having petitioned for an exte� tl���: D, T. D. shatt, M, wbeels, M2 �2, and markers, P P, arranged and operd.tin�ln the t,he bt'am, Is surr unded bvthe stirrup, and drJ,wn toe:etherby the wedgp.. sion of tbe patent grltntedhim on the 28th day ot ovemoer, 1851, tor an im manner and for thepurrOSf'ex plained. or eqUIvalents ofth1s sf,irrup and wedze, Which hold tne beam to the post � 81,549.-SNOW OVEL - ohn P. Spangle, Canandaigua, as- in1£. front . while the beam lS 80 held to tile rear ti-J,nge as ta prevent the paral provement in "Sewing Machines," it is ordered that the said petitlon be t b SIJ d . J e e N leHsm of the land slde of beam and post bemg varVd. beard at tbis otllce on the 9tb day of November next. Any persOIl may op. ��;:r�ra �,_�����:�l c?o���;:J' � �he Hb���:, �t 'r!�ided with the up- 5th, Thecombioatlon oftne the pas[" A, hJ,vlll� (ront fil.nge, snr!pro j�c and I a,and marginal beads, al q2, the Eandle.B, ball, C. tlOO, and the sctrruo.D. wedge, and land-stneid e,G, With itsF, cutting-edge , pose thIS extension. Object1On�. depo�itioDs, otbu papers should be turnr-d rf'lArend, and or anB, equiva.lent com ninatHHi ot oaE,rts. in tbis omee twenty days before the day of bearing. bracki't,D, �ubstantl'llly o.sdes cribed for the pur Doses set forth. s a filed 81,5i)0.- TIRE BENDER.-T . Stansbury, and A. F. Stans B6�'d �Oe;1'n�b��6����?:df�g�h:;���e�; 1���g: �t:t!e �?r��g��i}iE��'n� ELiSHA FOOTE, Commissioner of Patents. bury, Canton, Ill. . M. the� wedges,1� E E, or equivalents oftuesa pJ.rt<.:, for chan�ing the plow from 11 We claim t,he)rran�ement herpjn dpscribed and shown of the dpvices, viz, right a left-hand.J;urnitlgone. s s rO e e r me t ratchd bar, k, ana to , on of the rever. Ible land-sIde, G, with the post. A. hav- U. S. PATENT OFFIOE, ��'fg/t'be �;!:'an�ngu�p1s�� h�rl�Ct!�f'f�rtg� u �hii \F WASHINGTON, D. Aug 2�, 18e8. l i;1:J�, C in� ����� %!� C., S 81,551.-CAR OUPLI G.- arvey B. Steele, Winsted Conn. 16,687.-M.ABKING SLATES -Dated February 24, 1857 ; James H. WbItney, of Brooklyn, N. Y., adminIstrator Of the estate of The. N H , reis· clallD the cons1ructlOn of thebump f'r,A,wi tb It'lspiral � pr1n'.!,G. bead W. N. W. odore E. Weed, deceased, having petitioned I its and tlle dog, with Holly, Brooklyn, Y., as�iI:!nee01 John Hoard, for an exteuslon of the patent block, [l\WlTh dog, D, E, its sprIng',H, I'll arranged� granted tbe saId Theodore E. Weed day combined, n.ndooeratin� the square end link, B. as h�rein descrIbed and for Cla����im,t�� 1st,n� �lf:i.The use of lIquid silex:in the preparation or manufacture Of an on tbe 26tb of Novembor, 185!. for the purpose 8t>t fonh. artltiClalI slates, tablets. blackboa.rds, other like articles for marking or improvf'mentin to Se�ving Machines," it is ordered that the said petition 81,.552 -HALTER.-Christian Adolph Steinbruecke, Louis- wrltmg up·Jn. anti be heard at thIs otllce may 2d, The combinlition an oxide as a drying, anti·deliquescent. and color On tr,e 9tb day of November next. Any person vllle, lll. ing'8uDst.anc e, wlth l1quidC'f quarlZ or silex, !isa mrnstruum in tlJemaDuf ac- oppos� this extension. Objections, depositions, and other papers should be I claim, 1st, The buckle, constrnctp-dwith a plate extending across from a one Slde bar to the or ner, and formlllga portwn of the metallIC j JInt, sub tu I t s C filedin tbis otllce twenty days before tbe day 01 bearing. stantially shown and desc!'1bl'd ;:, '1:�tr: fl���� :l:t�e ���� �I�V �brm:d �; !g��adlng liquid quartz or silex, 11 ELISHA FOOT '1Se n s b a 2, in eirbpr sep�rate or mixed With o{h!:l'materials, on a suitable surface or body. E, Commissioner of Patents. cb���i�n ��U��h� l������ ���;�=�g����!� ���i\��s �;�g:g��ir�g. of card or sheet for m, and, priora; to bemg drlpd, calendel"lngor rolling the 3d, The metalliC l!Jh.ee, G, constructed subStantlaUy as shown and de. same under-pressure,essen t.ld.lly herein Ret lorto. U. S. PATENT OFFIOE. Rcdbed. 72,On.-l'ROClJ;SS FOR REFINING AND CONVElITING CAST W ASIlINGTON, D. 5t IBON IN TO CAST STE ELI OTHER COMBINATIONS OF IRON AND CARBON. C., July 22, lS68. 81.553 -BREAST STRAP SLIDE.- Charles H. Stevens and AND William Porter, Y., -Dated Dec. lO, 867 ; reIssut> 3,096.-Emlle Ma�lln and Pierre E. Martin of WiUiams"hurg, N. having petitioned for an exten and WHson Garrison, Syracu�e, N. Y. sion 01' the patent 1854, We clmm the combmatlOn of (,he form, b, inchI!ed ribs, a a, and loops, d, earlS, France. as granted to him on tbe 24th day of OctOber, for an im WIth rue detllchableoin, as hereln shown, and for tlw purpose set forto. We claIm the procpss herein described, for decarbonizing provement in .. Securing Lamps to Lantprns," It C, ca�t IrUll. In cornbmationBubstantiallvWit h the proc ess of reCban!log the mo,ten metal is ordered that saId petition 81,551.-l'l'10LD FOH UAS1'ING SLEIGH-bH·)ES.-Charles i3thore be heard at tili. otllce on tbe 19th day of October next. may Montano, low a, asSiZtlOr to hh1Relf and Lev) Reigus_ WIth tIle recalblJlllzil,g or "deoxygenating" material, substantially as aud Any person op mo�d for ctt�ting sleigh-::;hoes, tor the purpost-'. speCIfied. pose tbis extension. Ol'jectiond, depOSitions, and other papers, sbould be I Claim thp tlaskorand illp.tallic constructed and 63,647.-CULTIVATOR TEETH.-Dated April 9, 1867 ; reisbue filedin tbis otllce twenty days arrangl>d as Sllown deserl bed. 3,097.-Don Carlos Matteson and l'rumanP. Wllliam�on, Stockton. © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC SEPTEMBER 9, 1868 ] 175 - Jdtntific �tUtricau. CI�T Y 8�8CltIBERS -The SCIENTIFIC AMER- I EYERY HOUSEKEEPER lOAN $4 In our lanf) Clln have a new silk dress from the money she �hihtdtlpltia wlll be delivereu in every part of the Gity at a SO with Can save flym 'king her own 1\.1' year. Single copies fOl sale at all the News Stands III GEO. F. GAN rz f' '-'0's HIC 'fI D POT ME AN N NE this city. Brooklyn, Jersev City, and WllllatllQbnrg, and PU t{E W l-I ITE HOC K ASH. most of t.bf> �ew8 DCHlt'rs in the Uwtpd SL�.tN . t l t CoatiA ng nniform ovSHEer theET entire IR sh,ON. et. by an entirely ne hV bn,:" l��� in�'iS:>I i50p��g��: tt.ob��·Wh1te Hard Soap. and patented process. All sizes and gages on andw c I C s a g r made to order. lI3.'.I.{l RECEIP'l'S.-When money is paid at the offi e T�,� :7. �� ,���:��:p�� ro I���\� a� .&�:136 and 138 Cedar Brick Ma chine. H. BUrTER""OHTH, for subscriptions, a receipt for it will be glven; but when st., New York. L A has more 9 eow tf 29 and 31 HayW.dock st., Phlladelphia, Pa. AFL ��R'S NEW IHO� C D subsrribere remit their mone) by mall, they may cun L advant 1ges combined in one mach1ne than any other bona-fide eV'lI" invenTed. It mak<:>scommon brlCk of very supeJ;lOr sider tilt- arrival at the first paper a aCKllowl CA"M DEN quality. By a slight chane-p.,Dress briCK are made w�th edgmt'nt ot their fnnds. out repre.' © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC Jdtufifit lSEPTEMBER 9, 1868. 176 1\mtritau. AP AND SET SCREWS ) As perfect as Engine·cut Screws. Send for price ATENTS li,tC to S. C. SMITH, Lowell, Mass, 7130s A limited number of ad'IJertisements will be ad· �'U· li'j�fi't InquirY Th e Ha rl'ison Boiler. that prest'nts Itpelt to :nitted on this page at the rate of $1 per line. one who bas made any Improv �ment or dis· Engra1!infJ8 may head ad'IJertisements at the same HIS IS THE ONL R A LY covery is : "Can l ob Y E L SAFE tain a t>atent?" Ap0 - rate per line, by measu1·ement, as the letter press. T BOILER in thp mltrkf't.,and C'lDnow be fllrni�bed ttive answer can only be8 at a GREA TL Y REDUCED COST. BOlier; ofalJy 'ize pr IN ready 10rdelivery . For Circulars, plans, etc., apply to cg�p�'e ���:1��fto� A R LETTERS to put on Patterns HE FIRtlT OUi:3'J OMEH$30, b,,'fEA OH TTE N place can buy 1000 feet for about price. HARRISON BOILE R WORKtl, for a Patent to th€'Com- T. .• I by mail. Ready Roofing- Co misl3-ionpr of Patents. P for Castings,etc. KNIGHT BROS.,Seneca Falls,N .Y. 81Sa mp'es and c\r('ularsBent PhiladelphIa, Pa.; J. B. H de, Ag-ent, 1l9 Bro.dway New n O 150* MairlenLa ne. New Yo'k. · 24 tfos to John A. Cor. emant A�(mt, KUby t' 3 �t :Pl1���i� �r����� ���\ia��' 53 � t e� oath, aDO fall SpeCiftcR1ion. Various offiCIai t rulesP�tltlOnt and tormalities must also be observed. The FOR COTTON AND S b RAWING INS RUMEN S �trortsof the inventor to do all this bUSIness himself are SPOO11 80S l S T T f�;1��nluiTi��1�; ��e�ssti :aner � de��O� �k � Ee�f � H. A�JR'X�'¥', !o nesvllle, Vt. OF EVERY DERCRIPTION- � , s g a e �hC: i fSWD1SS. German Silver alod Brass Surveying Inl'truments .. persons experienced in patent business, and have all the Per cent.-Agents Look.-300 per ct. TrllneHs, Levels, a,nd Surveyors' Compal'lses. Surveying work done over again. The best plan is to solicit proper Chains, Tnpoo8, Leveling Rode, etc., etc. Winsers, and a i a h i 300 Garvie's Imp'd 8el.f-Guide for Sf'wing MaC'bjnes. Newton'.;:,and Osborne's 'Vater Colors, Drawing' Paper,. (lt �ie ���i��ig�;�fied are honorable men, the inven b�� terms address GEO D. GARVIE, Hartford, Conn. Faber's Pt'nci1s, �tand9.rdRules, etc., etc. A Priced and tor may safely confidehis ideas to them : they win advise Iilustrate,1 t t m o e a �IL�iX.U��g�l 't'i �g�1J;;��ig�tician. :ftf �[�e ��ri�W��� �!c�roR� �:�,lfuf�� ui:�I:et �� EFORE BUYING WATER WHEELS, 11 ri",-hts. INDICATOR APPLIED to Steam 60S 728 Chestnnt st . PhIladelphia, Pa. Messrs. MUNN & CO., In connection with the publica See, or senrl for (lpscrip,tion of Pressure Turblne, HE tion of the SCIENTIFIO AMERIOAN, have bepn actively en madeB by PEEKSKILL MAN F'G CO., Peekskill, N. Y. Engines. Inst! uments furni�hr-d and Instruction T F. W. HEATO:N 'S OIN T cures the Itch gaged in the business oC obtaining patents for over twenty 11 130s gi r:.fO��'8t., New York. TMEN years-nearlya quarter oj' a century. Over Fifty thou nr.· WHKATON'S OINTMENT w1ll cure Salt Rll.eum. sands inventors tiave hadben efitfrom our counsels. More WHW�;A TON'S OINTMENT cures Old Sore than one third ofa11 patents granted are abtalned by this WHEATON'S OINTME.NT cures all dIs" ases•. of the Skin. lirm. WOODWARD'S O rn S S l Those who have made inventions and desire to consult COUNTRY HOMES. W i.e�3iT�kt���i>���rl:'�r� ggi I i 9� b�t, i t O e b 150 Designs, $1 50, postpaid, 1lE'iiJ ���g� �l;�:rh�� �� ���,l�r ��� ��:, OI fo :g:l�e [,;.W OOL Baltimore, Ud., letter. In all cases they may expect from us an hone8t - 'T.'·lI. OODW ARD,Archltect, E & EUNT, f)lJinion. For such consultations, opinion, and advice, we A YEAR to Agents to sell· the Broadway, N. Manutacture tbe ce,ebratpd and a description y, P WATER WHEEL make no charge. A pen-and-ink sKetch, stamp for catalogue of all TU BIN of the invention should be sent, together with stamps for ��1 200 Star �h n tt1e SCW1 1lRMach ine. LEFFEL R E - return postas-e. Write plainly, do not use pencil nor pale ]'ull partICulars free. Ex.tra1n ducemente to experienced books on Architecture. for nse in tbe Southern States. 6 tf' b Agents. Call on or address W. G. wILSON & UO,. Cleve· lnlt] �u���eJss committed to our care, and all consult,Q- land, Ohio, Boston, Mass., or St. Louis. Mo. 11 130s ALLO W L B TOR and a Gener· 8 l �entiaz. Ad· U RIOA S ��e��' ���W\iJYc��, jf�!r�1to:���t ��fk T al a!olsortmentot Brass Work, ot'�npeJ ior quality at .... W. H low prices, at Cincltmati Brass Works. elhnlnary Examinatlon . ln O'rderto obtain a He JO NS ' PreUminaryPr Examination, make out a written descrtp- PATRNT DO YOU 112' F. LUNKENHEIMER, Prop. o r s r ��gC?lr ���e�.����l�� !kefch� ��� ��:s� ;;i�gt� e f���� WANT GAS TO , DIES, AND SCREW PLATES, $5 bv mail, addressed to MUNN & CO.,37 Park Row, and E can afford to pipe your house, or pay o CK"! U a D e W � Hortop', and other Chucks. JOHN ASHUROFT, 5U �� ,1�n��� )�� a ��ltf:;����r��ni� a�irl��t����e�r.a�rt: for your fixtuJ es, or beth and leave them as your ,John st., New jork. 26 13* your provemf>nt. The Prel1minary Examination roperty if we cannot put up a Machme that shall be per- ronslsts;ty ot of illa special sealch, which we make with gre�t � tl a der any and euiTtg�nll� D cu- C'l.re,amon � tile models and patent� at Washington to DESC.�sRIPTIVEbes UIRCULARS,tos Ro PRIUES,oftng etc , BY MAIL. l:�s !n� i�f�;�:��n� � cg�� § PECIAL INDUCEMENTS.--First Clasg ascertain whether the improvement presented IS patent 78 Wi lliam st., N. Y. los tr 14 Dev st., New York. workmanshIp and dE'.slgn and lowest prIces for i\b.C'. oodwoJ"tl Planers. Moldm� M.achtnps, Portahle and WI DRILL , F L E A D ll: h r ST S UT D N i a � N��I��tc�Orn Mills, Hoistm En th!� aOr:�d�t st�i��:Pu:r�Tst!'d,������; � f� ��'i:�%�1 £i� REAMERS, exact to Whitworth's g'pge,and H Beach's �(:�s�1:tb:;��\���ri,t l i o e el e PatentT Self CenterlD� Chuck manufactured by Morse HA89MPSON & COPELaND, �����id�';J��1��J \g ����, :�g" t�i W�r� &6:��� ��: TWIst DrIll and Machine UO,. New Bedford, Mass. 5 ostf Warerooms Libcrtystrett, t'-.ewYork. 8 together with a description of its ope�ation and ments . Address P. 0 .Box5.761. JI On receipt thereof we will examine the mvention careful advise the p�rty as to Its patentabillty,free of WATCH �h:��. FREE.-GIVEN GRA.TIS The model SIfOUld be neatly made ot an;)'sn1labl e mat.,. to any live man who will act a�ent in a neWt e o lighAt, and Iwnorablllbusiness, paying $30flS ver day, sure ' ���t:f�v�iAtgrsubto�I�%e :���;:jl&r ���t no I!ifteuter prisP ; no humbug, and no money wanted �;.Iupon������;l It. When the Illvention consists ot an improve & 84in edmeut upon some other machine, a full working mode1 0f advance. Adoress R. M. Kennedy Co" PH tsburg, Pa. the whole machine will not be neces8-ary. But the model .Ql:ust be sufficiently perfectto show, with clearness, the .uatureand opt'ratiollof the lmprovement.• CARPENTERS' ew mltdicmesor medical compounds, 9:'1duseful mlx, LANE ALL 'l:lUCS� of all kinps, are patentable. i:3 UF DESCtdJ:'TIONS WlJen tbe invention consists of a mel'\lCineor compeund, P manllfactured& to order. Send for Price List to- or new a.rticle of ma.nufacture,or 8. new composition, '1'ITUKER APPLE; ON, Boston, Mass. 11 2 samplesa of the artlcle must be turnlsbea, neatly put up. A.lso,send us a full statement the ingredients, propor· t.ions ruodeot preparatlOn, uses.of and meiits. PU-BLIC SALE .... ltei.8;ue.. A H:UiSlleis g!'smed to the orupnal !lat AND entee, heirs, or the aS2i�IJees of the entire interest, OF FIHbT·OLAi:i:5 FOUNt:;HOP.DERY when bytHE r\'.(\'5on of an insufficient or detf'ctive spectfica MACHINE tion the original patent 1s invalid, provided the error bas HE OF ELrisen trom inadvertence, accident, or mtstake witl10ut CO&PARTN EHSHI P "REY traudule'!ltor deceptive intentioll. NOLDS CO." and " AURORA IRON WORKS " .any relssue sep· havTing eXplrE:'d,the y will sell at t-'ubllC AlldioD, on the A patE'nteerna,)' , at nis option, bave In his 8 premi.e, on the day of Septfmber, l868, 9.rattpatent for. each distinct part of tbe invention com· .• 23<1 at 10o 'clock orehended In hIS original application, by paying the reo A. M ail the property owned and occup1.'d by tht'm at quired fee lD eachcase, and complying with tb e other re Aurora, New York, consisting ofS5xlOO a first-claf's B.llCk Foun quirements of the law, as in ori�iual applicatlOns. dry, S5x75 teet; MachlOe Shop. fePt ; Blacksmith SIJOp, all Wi: h slate roofs. Two frame dwrebouses, Pamt jtj ach division of a reissue constitutes the sub1ect 01 a Sbo separate specification descriptive of the part or parts 01 'Factory, Trenton, N, J. Office, No. 2, Jacob N. p ; good Dwelling-house; Barns, etc., and about two acres ot' La.nd. wiL�1Docks and .Piersconveni 61Jtfor ship. the inventlun claimed lD such dlvislon; 11.n(\ the dravnn st., y, e r Address M u N � i n S a p fJw �p.ifi8�f:�s Branch Office for Pacific coast, No, 606 Front street, San Francisco, Cal. 10 tf t��lh��f!�l�orij��a��i:��u:f�\1f;'s?¥,��tii�� nl1rl�:i!' �. lJ: � �i�k R�� ,Sfo�b . Circular SIJ,WS ano Frames, Emery Whtels1.Pattf'rns, un� ...... more persons }nterfel.ence When each ot two or U fi lisbed work and sto('k on hand, and all nxtur.es neces claims to be the first inventor ')f the same thing, an In ROOT'S WROUGHT IRON SECTIONAL AIL OAD lJAPITALISTS· sary for doinilan extenl!live business.All ne&rlv new, and terference " is deClared betw( n them, and a tnal is bad o R R MEN & o �� �� before October 15, before the CommisslOner. Nor does the fact that.one 01 T All mterpsted in the question of Broad ana Narrow t86§� ��:?::ihir��i�l:�:tf� ri:�d e , the part.ieshas already obtamed a patent prt:ventsuch an SAFETY BOIL ER O d r g , A HUR IRON WORKS, tmencrel'ce ; fors although the CommisRlQner has no pow· Has no lar�e slleet·iron shell to (-'xplod� ; i� te-sted to 300 �f��:J�e���i�'t(J�rgf ! c:� l���k �h:S t���� �� ��� u-; �� U A vatent already issued, he mav. 1f be tinds b�.; economical roads ofdi1l·ere,·t gauges. HJj,NRY T. CARTER, AURORA, CAYUGA LAKE, N. Y. tileJ to canCt'1'" I and durable. Also. ROOT'S Trllnk En at anotner �r&Qn was tne pnor lDventor. give him also ines. Vert.ical anrl Horizl)ntal Engjne�, all descriptions. 10 2*08 MeLbanilal .l:£ngineer,Portland, .Maine. August 13, 1868. 9 S patent, and tDlll!! place them on an equal fooring- •before § e tc. en P t and 3 ' s �J� ��R�8 � N tile court� a.ud the puhlic p��e'I���� :�;����!d�95 N , IC AR O , CO., ... 11 130s l§ios. and 97Liberty st., uear Broadwar. H DS MERIAM & Cavl'J&.tIJ. A lIsveat gives 9. limited but. immediate R Manufacturers of the latest lmoroved Patent Dan rotectlOn, and is particufarly useful where the invention icl�' and Woodworth Planing Machines, Matclnng, Sash t l e 0 ea f di t�l� t�l rs ��tPt�J1�r :X���i����10�Sstgdy� 1hc�� �i: ' is a � been filed,tht Patent Ofticewill not issue a pat- �l��� �fr��:mR��s a�r�� l¥�c:t��:'�b�� �1��' �:� veal. bas OFFICES TO LET. C G Arbors, Scroll Saws.J...-Railwav, {;ut·o1f, and R1P Saw Ma· O e i a o BROADWAY, COR. WARREN ST , " O KE EP A I chines, Spoke and ood Turning Lathes, and various ;i;i�: ��!i���� th: 2!��at�r, ;r;o f�i�eE��g�e'i?Wl��! . , p T R E T N otbt'r kmds of Wood-wor.bvv ing machmcry. Catalogues montll&�tim� to file in an applicatlOn lor a patent. A Ca Opposite the City Hall Park. LIGHl'.-Aneat little self· light. lindpd ce hsts sent. on apf'll('ation. Manufar.tory, veat, to be of any value, Should contain a cleal and Qon llJg pocketinstrumf'nt.with Improved 107 Wor· been Tape Matches, giving instantly a clear ce Mass. "arehousc, Llbl�rtyst., New York. eise dc:;:Crip,tion ot tbe invention, so far as it has L FOR A E Y ARS fi �7 ed,lliustrated by drawings when tbe obiect admitR. O ET T RM OF E beautiful :flame by slmply turning a complet- only to send v thumb piece, and can be ligbted 1IfLY In ordr-rto filea Caveat the inventor needs T n o EN LA R Polytechnic Institute ns a letter containing a sketch of the invention, with a de· earh ��0���'ii,�t':1�at�"g ;ift, :1��:i;�fl\: ��� rl���: times lD succeSSlOn witbOUt fllllDg. A SSE E ,Troy, own words. Address MUNN & CO., 37 venttlation, and c�ntral positIOn, unsurpa�sed by any in s�mple instfll4Dent.tillea WIth tbe in t & flammable tape, wlthCirc ular and lIst R N. Y.-Very tborougb instructlon 1n CiVil, .Mechan1- P�C li'gw�N��. the CIty. Apply to John Lloyd Sons. 7 and 9 &Warren C�J, and Mining Engmeering, Chemistry, and NfI,tural Addltions can be made to Caveats at any time. A Caveat$10 8. street. DEVLIN CO. ot pric�s, spnt by mail on receipt 01 65 SClence. Graduates obta1n most desirablt·position!':. year, and can be renewed on payment of 20s cents. Addrdss Be- runs one n 6 tf REPEA'l'ING e e n e l r yenr for as long a perioo as desired. LIGHT (;0 ., Sprlng1leld,Ma,s. �a8 t��;,5* fJ d;esi'��cif.�l)1I ����� i;��{w�'i�1.r�!����� � n n Our New Catalogue of 1m· p�t:�:re IeJrf����:i���i�:t�� pa���� o� Ja v���?�n proved STENCIL DIES: More thaa RASTE, without a moment's 105S of timc they have �. Reynolds' {HEAT b FREE is being made with them t t O t h i t . a d. MOi'l'fH & w� w1 f? �a:e ����f:r ex��t�E�; ��� ��� ��ft·��� s. M. SPENCl!:R co.. I rllttleboro,Vt. 1 tl prepare��� and mail the necessary papers 11.t less than an $20 0 TURBINE 1868. hour's notice. reouired. WATEP WHEELS if ODIN 'S JONVAL WATER And all kinds Foreign l:Jo.tents..... Amer 1C'lnInventors Should bear E TURBINE MI L A INERY01 in mind tbat, as a eneral rule, any invent jon that is vaJ- Wheel. eombining great economy in the USf>ofwa terz L M OH , b e t i i h B slmplicity, durability, ana ���i���: New IllumBted Pamphlet �: �u�� �� �;:i �n� 1:0:���Ve;sf�r�i �� ����l7t,,�� general adaptatlOn to all po· SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. Five Patents-Americant��: Enghsh, Fren�h, Belg:ian,and sitions in whicb water can G OR ALLC T, s8ian-wi1l 3�cure an mventor exrluslve monopoly to l!.; GE T O f'rn be uaeo as a motive power. 96 Liberty st., New Y or k. tUE!dIScovery among- ONE HUNDREDAND THIRTY MILLIONS We >t.reprepared to furnish 2 13* tl h t o d & warrant the same to give Established g�st ; 1 ����i� :�lf���ar; g� ����rc:ty�� ari'!�c�t��i more power than kny over 1845. pfttents can bf'obtaine l abroad by our mtizens almost as SHot or orhpr turbme wheel SHC O T'i:3 LOW WAl'EH easily as at home. The majority of all patents taken out made usinJtthesame amount R F DETEOT· bv AmerIcans In fOr{�lgn countnes are obtained throu2'h of water. Agentswhnted. A or will insure50 your Boiler against explosion. JOlIN tlieSCIENTIFIC AMERIOAN PATENT AGENOY. A Circular Send for descripti ve cir ASHCROFT, John st., New YorK. 26 13' The SCIENTJFIC A1UERICAN is published containing further infl)rmai:.ionand a Svnopsis of the Pat cular. every week,and is the largest and most widely circulated ()f vanous countries will be furnishf'don appli & OR Twist Drills, Reamers, Chucks, and ent Laws BODINE CO., journal of its class now pulished in this country. h cation to Me�rs, MUNN& Co. Manuf '�, Mount Morl1�, N. Dogs, address Am. TwistDrill Vo., lfor InstructlODS concernln� Foreu�n Pa.tents, Reis�mest York, and Westfield, Mass. F Woonsocket,R.I . number is Illustrated WIth Original En grav!ngil, e H n a R 3 OS tf eoW ll tr ����rn::�r�rl'e ���e � O��!�fh� p����'t l!�s���c.:�� representing New Inventions in Mechanlcs, AgrIculture" our Instruction Book. Sent free by mati on applicatlOn. SURPRISE.-A GENTLEMAN WHO Cbemistry, Manufactures, Steam and Mechanical Engl Those who receive more than one copy thereot will ob\lge oy presenting them to their fr1ends. WIR E ROPE. A recently visited the establishment of the HOLLY neering, Photography, SCience, and Art ; also Addre�s all commuDlcatlOllsto Manufactured by 'MANUFAOTURIN� COMPANY,Lockport, N. Y., spOke In Household Utensils. TWO VOLUMES CO., term6 ofhigb pralfleof a. For�e Pump in his large 'iroolen Tools alld J.TlUNN &. $800. No. Park RoW, New York City. JOHN A, ROEBLING Manufactory, w,80lch cost and WbICh could throw WIth COPIOUS INDEXES, are DnbUshed each year, 0; t- a %.lnrb stream feet hlgh. His surpr18e was unbound Ofl!ceIn Washmlirton,Uor. }' and 7th streets. Trenton, N. J. ea when called to witness the performance of one of Hol- commencing January 1st, and July ls[. '.r erms : .....One OR Inclined Planes, Standing Ship Rig· r t a 0 Year, Half.Year, �ing, Bridges, Fprrles, Stays or Guys on DerrtcKs ���c;!�� �:u����f;�� �:rt:�ll l:t �IJ� $3 ; $1 SO I Clubs of Ten Copiell Patent. al'e Gl'anted tOI' Seventeen Yeal'., F ir�3:iri�1�h fg: for One Year, $�5 ; Specimen Copios sent gratis., the followln2 bem2 a schedule of fces:- $10 s s r presence 4hrew a.I34'-inch stream some 200 teet high! ...... •••...... •• P",rtlesi� want On filing eacb Uaveat ... : t��h����; 6J':���l;,��t'���p �� ���[I.s°.R�;�t��g :r.?.::: ot any Lf tbe SlZf'Sof the above pumo can Address 1I1In.. eacb application for a Patent, except for a $1� to hoisting rope 01 all kinds for Mines nniJElevators. Ap be supplled on call or shorr, notice. For full pa.rticulars On ...... CO., de.i",-n . $20 P.1Y1 13*for clrcular,givingprlCe and otber lnformation. s"no forlllnstrated catalogue or address C.G. HiLDRETH ...... •.. ...•....•. Treasurer ' MUNfi &. On Issuing eacb origmal Patent , •...$:lO os tr 8 4 os to Commissioner of Patents...... On appeal ...... ••....$'30 3'2' Park Fol.v, New York. On 3pp1i<>ationfor Reis:o.ue $50 GREAT EOONOM.Y ANTED.- alesmen everywhere, fa rm· On apphcatlon fOI Extension of Patent ...... _ . . IN S i $400 ers and ot.hprs, toSp.1l an article 10 Ilreatdemand. Wmad ..by one aMent his first month. Adarebslmmedt- tr. The Publishers of the AInericun, g� WG��t�bt!I�t;:�.��:::::::::: '::::::::::::::::::. :I ately BLISS & MoEATHRON, Scicntific On :filing apvIicaUon for Deslgn (�llree and a half $10 WA TER .PO WE R. Lomsville, Ky. 10 4 In connection 'Vlth the publication ...... ' or the paper, hav... years) ...... $15 EFFE ici t,venty-t'Va, ...... L S L L acted as Sol n.. ,rs of' Patents for 01 fili!1.� application 101 Design (seven years) . . $30 IR AR AW I L Desl-!.n (fourteen years) .... . DOUBLE TURBINE WATER CU S M S. Thirty On fil! !!.!! �pplicatl0n for LW1iEEL.-B.st Wheel In Exlstence.- Woodworth Planers. etc .• from latest years. .L�'housand Appllcati0ns for Pat In additlon tow. icb there are some small revenue·stamp C & Improved ents have been made taxes. Resident:: 01 Ca,-uda.and Nova bCO\,Lapay $�OO on Manufac�ur�� & t ALD SON S, Barre, Mass. PrlCes 1 ' th .. )ughtheir Agency. Mp"c than tlFFEL CO., E:�3��� �lr�ul!� l f:f Ono I-I undre © 1868 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. CHANCE SOLD.-The Magnetic Pocket H.BJ JOURN \J tlOn for $2000 c.},o.:h 3,rJ(l $�WOO on se('urltic�. The Sf'Dtember-con�ains an account of the Presidential Pa,ent and M>\Dufa('tt1r{� are in good. working ordpr. A '\." . T1mekerppr ond Compa,s, bandsome CTandidates-Grant, Colfax, Seymour, and Blalr, With por splendid bargain. Call at 1�3 East 21st st., Ne\y York. 1* 2{\Gla�s000 Cry�t91,Whit e t'nameledDlal, Stef'land Metal ; also, flon.An Priest's Ready So lder. Case . Watch Size, Warrantpd to �eep in order and de· traits and conCise �ketcbes ot cbaractpr WOl·k:I' guar ·nif'ed. son BurlIngame. Franz Lls tZ, the ("ompospr ' Armlnlus The OlIIy Patent issued. All pers()ns are caTltiOlled E-Gull8mith', Attcntion ! -The 1lote ('orref'ttime r two ,"' ears. Satlstacrion$1. ; $2. VRmbery. tbf" Oriental Traveler ; Littlefield, a.rtist. azalnst infringemf>.u.ts. SamplE"S sent on receipt of 25 �OR SAL Se:-tt-.( wurt'ly ma1l,f v\>s,lPald. for ,only 3 for -\d Who are the Yankpps ? Use legs I\ndH. ha ve Le2's ; A. Kf'y cents. For sale everywhere. Agents wanted. Soll:'pro The undersie-Dt'dw111 sell their stO.K of Guns, l\"late .. �BGNET1Chy WA I