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Modos De Pensar Образ Мысли ОБРАЗ МЫСЛИ актуальные вопросы русско-испанского и испано-русского перевода MODOS DE PENSAR Cuestiones actuales de traducción Ruso-Español / Español-Ruso Материалы Первой международной научно-практической конференции (6–7 сентября 2019 года, Испания, г. Малага) Санкт-Петербург 2020 УДК 81’25 : [811.161.1+811.134.2](063) 1. ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА ББК 81.2-7 О83 ПЕРЕВОДА ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫХ ЗАТРАТЫ НА РЕАЛИЗАЦИЮ ПРОЕКТА ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ: ЧАСТИЧНО ПОКРЫТЫ ЗА СЧЕТ СРЕДСТВ, ПРЕДОСТАВЛЕННЫХ ФОНДОМ «РУССКИЙ МИР» МИРОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ШКОЛЫ Рецензент Практика перевода испаноязычной литерату- Варламов А. Н., д-р филол. наук, проф., ректор ры на русский язык. Практика перевода рус- Литературный институт имени А. М. Горького скоязычной литературы на испанский язык. Участники процесса перевода: отношения ме- Редакционная коллегия жду переводчиками и авторами, между авто- Багно В. Е., д-р филол. наук, проф., чл.-корр. РАН, науч. рук. ром и издателями. Образные средства и пра- Институт русской литературы (Пушкинский Дом) РАН вила их перевода. Выбор стратегии перевода: Гусман Тирадо Р., д-р филол. наук, проф. форенизация и доместикация. «Видимость» Гранадский университет Коротышев А. В., канд. пед. наук, и «невидимость» переводчика. Доступность МАПРЯЛ в переводе. Брунова Н. В., МАПРЯЛ О83 Образ мысли: актуальные вопросы русско-испанского и испано-рус- ского перевода / Modos de pensar: Cuestiones actuales de traducción Ruso-Español / Español-Ruso: Материалы Первой международной научно-практической конференции (6–7 сентября 2019 года, Испания, г. Малага) [Электронный ресурс] / Ред. кол.: В. Е. Багно, Р. Гусман Тира- до, А. В. Коротышев, Н. В. Брунова. — СПб.: МАПРЯЛ, 2020. — 1 элек- 1. TEORÍA Y PRÁCTICA трон. опт. диск (CD). DE LA TRADUCCIÓN LITERARIA: Сборник включает тексты докладов участников Первой международной конфе- TENDENCIAS GLOBALES Y ренции «Образ мысли: актуальные вопросы русско-испанского и испано-русского ESCUELAS NACIONALES перевода», прошедшей 6–7 сентября 2019 года в г. Малага (Испания). В статьях рассматриваются проблемы теории и практики перевода литературных произведе- ний с русского языка на испанский и с испанского языка на русский, дается науч- Práctica de la traducción literariadesde otras ное описание специального перевода и характеризуется его инструментарий, пред- ставляются справочные ресурсы и обсуждаются вопросы подготовки переводчиков. lenguas al ruso. Práctica de traducción literaria Тексты докладов публикуются на одном из рабочих языков конференции (русский rusa al español. Participantes en el proceso de и испанский). Сборник предназначен специалистам в области теории и практики перевода, исследователям русской и испанской литератур и русско-испанских меж- traducción: relación entre traductores y auto- культурных связей. res, entre autor y editor. Modos de pensamien- to y las reglas de su traducción. Elección de una estrategia de traducción: extranjerización y do- mesticación. “Visibilidad” e “invisibilidad” del ISBN 978–5–6043747–1–9 © МАПРЯЛ, 2020 traductor. Accesibilidad en la traducción. © Коллектив авторов, 2020 Абакумова Ольга Васильевна Воронежский государственный университет, Россия [email protected] ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ИНТЕРФЕРЕНЦИИ В МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ НА УРОВНЕ ЗВУЧАЩЕЙ РЕЧИ Статья посвящена межкультурной коммуникации на уровне звучащей речи, пара- метры которой активно влияют на ситуацию общения. Для выражения эмоциональных состояний каждый язык обладает набором национально-специфических средств, способ- ных окрашивать высказывание вне зависимости от его лексического наполнения. Анализ проводится на уровне ритмических параметров и мелодических знаков на материале трех языков: русского, немецкого, испанского. Ключевые слова: межкультурная коммуникация; ритмические и мелодические пара- метры речи. ESENCIA DE LOS OBSTÁCULOS EN LA COMUNICACIÓN INTERCULTURAL AL NIVEL DEL HABLA ORAL El interés continuo al proceso de la comunicación intercultural determi- na las investigaciones intensas en diferentes niveles de la lengua, dirigidas al proceso de la comunicación y en el aspecto comparativo. Con esto la lingüística se une con un conjunto de las ciencias que le permite realizar estudios de la conducta verbal en general. Sin embargo, a la hora de establecer metas se nota la desestimación de las regularidades del habla oral a lo que contribuye el meca- nismo poco desarrollado de la investigación de este fenómeno. En la situación de la comunicación verbal intercultural los parámetros del habla oral infl uyen activamente en la situación comunicativa. A la vez exactamente esta rama es poco descrita desde el punto de vista del diálogo intercultural. Al mirar al pro- blema de adecuidad de la percepción, y por lo tanto la comunicación, los medios del habla oral se ven a menudo fuera del asunto. Al mismo tiempo se cree que los hablantes se comunican sin alterar los rasgos del habla oral extranjera, y si estas alteraciones tienen lugar, no infl uyen en el proceso de la comunicación aún en el aspecto emocional. Esto demuestra que los investigadores abstraen el material de la lengua de la situación comunicativa real. En la situación real de la comunicación intercultural como en la comunicación en la lengua nativa, los medios del habla oral representan el camino por el que sigue la comunicación tanto en el aspecto cognitivo como en el emocional. Dichos parámetros no salen al nivel de la conciencia de los hablantes, pero en el caso de su alteración infl u- yen de un modo esencial en la situación comunicativa coloreándola en el tono diferente a pesar de lo que quieran los participantes de la comunicación. Es importante tomar en cuenta el hecho de que la comunicación natural consiste en lo siguiente: los parámetros del habla oral pueden añadir los matices o signi- fi cados adicionales a la información transmitida contrapuestos al signifi cado Modos de pensar: Cuestiones actuales de traducción Ruso-Español / Español-Ruso 5 de las unidades léxicas que la forman. Por ejemplo, en la situación de la trans- demuestran que el estilo neutral no es atributivo para los nativos en términos misión de la información por los medios de otra lengua la tarea del intérpre- de la realización destinada. El experimento ha dado la oportunidad de recibir te en la comunicación consiste en primer lugar en entender la información en los textos orales realizados por los hablantes “ingenuos” de la lengua (ruso y todos los signifi cados desde el punto de vista del carácter de su presentación, alemán) con los mismos rasgos de edad, sexo y educación en tres variantes (con después en tomar la decisión sobre el carácter del matiz fonoestilístico a la hora tres modelos): “neutral”, “positivo”, “negativo”. En el proceso de la precepción de traducir. Sin duda este proceso requiere buena toma de conciencia sobre los de los textos leídos por los hablantes nativos (rusos), este estilo era valuado parámetros del habla oral extranjera en el aspecto emocional. como uno con el matiz negativo en la mitad de los casos, que a su vez puede depender del nivel de la “neutralidad” a la hora de realizar el texto. La inse- La componente emocional de la comunicación: guridad determinada se veía tanto en los locutores como en los expertos que fuentes de los obstáculos realizaban la tarea con el modelo neutral, al mismo tiempo el modelo estaba En términos del desarrollo de la teoría lingüística las investigaciones de bastante claro. Las conclusiones comunes según los resultados y datos obte- la emotividad del habla oral estaban en la sombra mucho tiempo. Esta cir- nidos son las siguientes: el carácter neutral del habla extranjera, en este caso cunstancia refl ejaba el punto de ruta de la tradición europea cultural hacia alemana, no se reconocía de la misma forma. Los textos marcados emocional- la comprensión racional del mundo. La emotividad que tenía que ser supe- mente en parte fueron percibidos con el signo contrario, esto se refi ere sobre rada y dominada por la inteligencia no podía ser el objeto de la ciencia de la todo a los textos “positivos”. Los expertos informaron que podían percibir el lengua. A esa posición contribuía también la tradición de apoyar en el texto habla “emocionalmente agitada”, pero dentro de ella se veía difícil para ellos escrito. Al fi nal resultó que la investigación de la emotividad se estaba lle- reconocer el habla “positiva” y “negativa”1. El reconocimiento del estilo neu- vando a cabo en el campo de psicología. Hoy el interés hacia el hablante (y el tral del habla oral extranjera requiere la capacidad desarrollada, lo mismo se que percibe el habla) ha determinado el giro de la lingüística hacia los me- refi ere al dominio del estilo neutral en el habla oral extranjera. dios expresivos de la lengua. La emotividad es la componente imprescindible Para cada par de las lenguas dadas se puede establecer las condiciones y de la comunicación verbal. Los parámetros del habla oral se perciben en una carácter de la percepción del habla oral de una lengua en la comparación con la manera emocional y esto se refi ere a cualquier estilo del habla. otra, el carácter de las unidades básicas de la percepción emocional del habla. Sobre todo, hay que determinar el lugar de la emotividad como de la com- Para nosotros tal teoría es tesis sobre la emotividad de E. N. Vinarskaya — ponente del proceso comunicativo. Desde el punto de vista lingüístico se puede complejos de timbre expresivo del habla, que emergen en las etapas iniciales hablar del vocabulario emocionalmente coloreado, de las alteraciones de las de la ontogénesis del habla y funcionan en el proceso de generar y percibir el normas de sintaxis en el habla que transmiten el estado emocional de hablante. habla de una persona adulta2. La comparación de estos complejos puede expli- En el texto literario este estado a menudo se marca de un modo descriptivo. A car las premisas del carácter emocional de la percepción del habla. Los pará- la hora de transmitir la atención del investigador hacia la comunicación verbal metros responsables de la transmisión del estado emocional en el habla son, en se hace evidente la necesidad de otro enfoque hacia el análisis de la emotividad primer lugar, los rasgos melódicos de las sílabas tónicas para las que nosotros en el habla.
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