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Absolute, 1, 3, 11, 12, 25, 41, 43, 48, 166 96, 99, 106, 117, 120, 121, 127–30, 143, 146, absolutism, 45, 52 160, 165–169, 212–18, 222, 223 moral, 182 as product of the self-delusion, 43–8 activity, 97 metaphysics of, 19, 21, 23, 39, 41, 45, 47, action, 226 50, 53, 76, 104, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, active affect, 188 213, 216 active drive, 8, 109 Bliss, 2, 20, 23, 28, 35, 48, 51, 54, 56, 60, 99, active force, 109, 110, 111, 113, 120, 121, 167, 223 123, 124, 125, 130, 188, 189, 209, 211, bodhisattva, 196, 199, 210 219, 226 vow, 202, 203 active type, 111, 121, 124, 165, 168, 169, 207, 208, brahman, 39, 44, 48, 53, 59, 75, 143, 146, 166 209, 227. See also healthy type Brahmanism, 64, 74, 75, 76, 104 altruism, 64, 174, 181, 182, 183, 198, 214, 227 Buddha, 3, 4, 6, 9–12, 27, 28, 32, 39, 48, 53, 58, 74, amor fati, 2, 3, 83, 85, 87, 91, 96, 98, 99, 102, 125, 78, 81, 87, 104, 131–5, 147, 149, 153, 155, 156, 128–32, 157, 163, 165, 166, 169, 193, 205, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 169, 194, 195, 210, 211, 217, 219 200, 202, 207, 210, 217, 219 and falsiﬁcation, 127–9 Nietzsche as, 14, 49, 54 ā 83–5 2 14 26 30 51 54 57 87 173 192 as anti-nirv ˙na, of Europe, , , , , , , , , , Anaximander, 94, 98, 104 Buddhaghosa, 196, 197, 198, 207 Anquetil-Duperron, H. B., 71 Buddhism, 13, 14, 18, 50, 58, 74, 104, 124, 160, 169, anthropomorphism, 142, 148 187, 206, 217 Anti-Buddha, 3, 54, 55, 63, 66, 78, 82, 86–7, 91, 132 as religion, 10, 12 Antichrist, 49, 63 Buddhist ethics, 28, 50, 51, 54, 59, 60, 66, 82, apparent world, 51, 53, 54, 67, 80, 115, 116 85, 144, 157, 163, 170, 196, 198, 199, 205, appropriation, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 148, 153, 155, 206, 217 160, 222, 224. See also inward-directed Buddhist philosophy, 4, 9–13, 28, 38, 44, 46, grasping 47, 48, 51–54, 76, 91, 132, 135, 144, 145, 146, inﬂammation of, 139 150–153, 157, 159, 160, 161, 166–9, 193, 197, Aristotle, 5, 219 198, 202, 206, 209, 210, 211, 217, 219, 222, Asan˙ga, 197, 198, 206 223, 225, 228 ātman, 43, 48, 53, 150, 197. See also self Buddhist thought, 3, 9, 12, 14, 38, 161 as brahman, 43 counter-Buddhism, 85 European, 78, 81, 187 becoming (as opposed to Being), 1, 2, 3, 19–25, 37, New, 79, 123, 187 41, 42, 43, 48, 51, 58, 59, 60, 68, 94, 95, 104, Buddhist type, 59, 61, 85 106, 113, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 125–30, 140, Buddho-Nietzschean ethics, 218, 219, 220. See also 151, 153, 166, 167, 168, 205, 212, 214, 216, great health perfectionism 218, 223 philosophy of, 114 Candrakīrti, 138, 149 Being, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 18–21, 23, 25–8, 30, 38, 41–8, Christianity, 17, 18, 26, 49, 53, 56, 57, 58, 51, 52, 54, 56, 59, 60, 67, 68, 75, 80, 82, 94, 66, 74–7, 79, 96, 104, 122, 123, 181, 184 240

Index 241 17 104 227 44 45 136–40 147 Christian, , , ego-principle (aham˙ kara), , , , , Christian truthfulness, 25, 26, 79, 81 162, 163 compassion, 64–6, 82, 170, 173, 174, 187, egoism, 63, 72, 145, 160, 183, 214, 227 209, 227 egotism, 145, 198, 204, 205, 222, 223, 227 and herd instincts, 182–3 emotional infection, 178, 179 and self-negation, 65 emptiness (śūnyatā), 40–2, 147, 148, 149, 151, and unselving-morals, 182–4 152, 198 as counter-principle of selection, 185 End of History, 214, 215 compassionBuddhist, 201–6, 208, 209, 211 enlightenment, 40, 161 cultivation of, 3, 64, 85, 87, 173, 184, 193, equanimity (upeks.ā), 64, 194, 208, 228 207, 217 eternal recurrence, 84, 127–30, 169 in Buddhist philosophy, 193–204 morality of, 183, 185, 186, 187 falsiﬁcation, 42, 45, 126–30 Nietzsche’s cultural critique of, 181–7 Foucault, M., 8 Nietzsche’s psychological critique of, 174–81 free spirit, 79, 80, 81, 104, 123, 210 of strength, 190, 191, 192, 207, 209, 211 of the strong, 187–90, 191, 209, 210 Ganeri, J., 139, 149, 157 of the weak, 189, 190, 207 God, 1, 3, 20, 21, 24–7, 42, 44–9, 59, 67, 68, 73, 75, of weakness, 204–5 79, 81, 105, 120, 124, 127, 146, 150, 166, overcoming of, 2, 3, 83, 85–6, 181, 193, 207, 217 167, 212–15, 218 religion of, 181–6 death of, 2, 17, 18, 25–6, 27, 51, 52, 59, 70, conceptual proliferation (prapañca), 140, 141, 143, 77–81, 122, 186 147, 148 Indian, 28 constituents (skandha), 32, 34, 35, 36, 136–9, 141, Einstein’s, 215 142, 147, 155, 156 Kingdom of, 214, 215 creativity shadow of, 113, 122 creation, 23, 109, 111, 113, 128 goodwill (maitrī), 194, 196, 208, 210, 221, 228 creative force, 121, 130. See also active force grasping (upādāna), 137–9, 142, 147, 148, 151, 152 creative type, 120. See also healthy type and the ego-principle, 141–2 inﬂammation of, 147, 148, 162 Dawkins, R., 110, 215 inward-directed, 138, 139, 153 décadence, 4, 21, 22, 42, 50, 54, 55, 56, 59, 61, 63, outward-directed, 140, 141, 142 64, 66, 76, 78, 81, 83, 85, 86, 93, 99, 101, great health, 2, 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 102, 103, 121, 125, 163, 167, 182, 186, 191, 57, 60, 63, 78, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 91, 95, 192, 222 96, 98, 99, 121, 123, 127, 130–3, 148, 152, décadent, 21–4, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 66, 77, 79, 153, 157, 158, 162–5, 169, 170, 173, 180, 191, 99, 101, 103, 104, 105, 116, 119–25, 127, 163, 192, 193, 195, 196, 201–4, 206, 208–12, 164, 167, 175, 176, 178, 180–4, 186, 188, 191, 217–23, 225–9 192, 205, 211, 226. See also sick type ethics of, 3, 50–1, 221 4 ā 14 135 169 194 195 198 199 201 ethics, of nirv ˙na, , , , , , , , , idiosyncrasy of décadents, 61, 62, 65 202, 203, 205, 210 Deleuze, G., 20, 110 guilt, 49, 64, 76, 100, 101, 103, 105, 120, 121, 124, delusion (as opposed to illusion), 144–5, 156–7 125, 129, 130, 227 dependent co-arising (pratītyasamutpāda), 11, 40, 148, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156 healthy type, 50, 51, 83, 84, 85, 98, 102–5, 121–5, depersonalization, 152, 224 128–31, 153, 155, 166, 168, 169, 170, 180, 181, determinism, 226–7 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 202, 204, 209, 210, Dhammapāla, 198, 199 211, 218–25, 227, 228 Ding an sich, 48, 59. See also thing-in-itself Buddhist, 127, 152–7, 165, 166, 168, 169, 197, Dionysus, 95, 96, 106, 118, 127–30, 169 198, 199, 202–6, 208, 209, 210 Dionysian wisdom, 104 Heraclitean, 168 Heidegger, M., 116, 129 ego, 3, 10, 11, 46, 47, 48, 72, 139, 140, 159, 160, 167, Heraclitus, 42, 93–6, 98, 104, 130 222. See also self hermeneutics, 13, 14

242 Index

higher type, 180, 190, 191, 205, 206, 207, 209. See of Buddho-Nietzschean ethics, 222–5 also healthy type morality, 6, 26, 29, 51, 55, 56, 72, 81, 101, 164, 175, Hobbes, T., 110 180, 183, 185, 186, 187, 191, 212, 213, 215 horizon construction, 140, 141–2, 154 Christian, 75, 79 human nature, 219 nihilist, 51 Hume, D., 32, 35 of altruism, 180 hygiene, 49, 52, 56 of compassion, 180 hypostatized construct (vikalpa), 140–3, 153 morals, 18, 25, 51, 53, 123, 181, 191, 214, 215, 218, 220 hypostasis, 126, 140, 141, 147, 168, 222 Christian, 60, 101, 122 décadent, 121 identity, 32, 36, 37, 43, 44, 48, 141, 142, 145, 153, herd, 191 154, 155, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228 master, 100 personal, 31, 32, 34, 36, 153, 154 nihilist, 173, 180 narrativity approach to, 154 nihilistic, 64 sense of, 46 slave, 100, 103, 120 impermanence, 3, 23, 34, 37, 39, 42, 92, 142, 146, unselving, 62, 63, 104, 121, 123, 124, 165, 181, 187, 148, 201 205, 206 interpretation, 24, 100, 103, 106, 109, 115, 117, 118, 119–22, 125–8, 163, 168, 169, 205, 209 Nāgārjuna, 11, 18, 40, 41, 42, 44, 138, 142, 147, 148, and falsification, 126 149, 151, 162 irony, 129, 155, 156, 157, 168, 169, 221, 227 Nagel, T., 6 ironic detachment, 156 narcissism, 143, 145 ironic distance, 155, 224 nihilism, 6, 17, 28, 48, 66, 82, 120, 184, 186, ironic engagement, 155, 156, 221, 224, 226, 228 187, 189 master of, 153, 168, 221 active, 82, 87 challenge of, 1, 2, 4, 8, 49, 54, 56, 60, 212–17, Jesus Christ, 106 218, 228 Christian, 123 Kant, I., 67 meta-ethical, 18, 20, 25 Kisagotamī, 199–201, 202, 205, 211 metaphysical, 17–18, 20 nihilist, 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 187 La Rochefoucauld, F., 174, 191 nihilist crisis, 3, 24–6, 49, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 59, Leibniz, G. F., 71 66, 67, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 125, 217 life-affirmation, 2, 3, 7, 78, 81–6, 91, 93–6, 104, Indian, 28 105, 106, 115, 123, 126, 128, 157, 165, 169, nihilist mentality, 19–24, 25, 26, 55, 56, 59, 67, 192, 204, 210 75, 78, 101, 120 ethics of, 2, 4, 82, 86, 87, 91, 123, 127, 130, 217 nihilistic religion, 56, 61, 77, 100, 102, 104, 123 life-negation, 23, 55, 57–62, 64, 67, 68, 71, 73, nihilistic withdrawal, 117 75–8, 81, 82, 83, 85, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 105, passive, 56, 67, 76, 78, 82 106, 115, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 157, 163, passive nihilist, 59, 117 165, 173, 184, 204, 206, 212, 217 post-nihilist ethics, 49, 51 3 4 124 ā 3 11 12 31 50 53 55 56 60 61 63 64 ethics of, , , nirv ˙na, , , , , , , , , , , , , Locke, J., 32 66, 74, 75, 82, 85, 87, 91, 96, 100, 123, 127, 131, 132–3, 136, 137, 138, 147, 148, 150–3, Madhyamaka, 11, 45, 147 155–66, 169, 187, 193, 196, 197, 199, 201, Mādhyamika, 44, 45, 138, 198 202, 205, 206, 217, 219, 225. See also great Mahāyāna, 196, 202 health māyā, 71, 72 noble truths, 60–1, 133, 135 mechanism theory, 108, 109, 113, 226 first noble truth, 158 medical discourse, 4, 13, 14, 51–4, 133, 137, 139, 200 second noble truth, 133–5 in Buddhism, 50 nothingness, 24, 56, 59, 60, 63, 66, 75, 86, 105, 186 moral psychology, 4, 136, 162 will to nothingness, 58, 67, 76, 186 Buddhist, 91, 132, 134, 139–57, 159, 160, 162, 164, 198, 199, 207, 208, 222 optimism, 30, 104, 106, 121, 122, 123, 214, 216 Madhyamaka, 197 Christian, 78

Index 243

paranoid personality disorder, 145–6 reductionism, 112, 114, 116, 156 Parfit, D., 32, 33, 219 reifying view (dr..s.ti), 140–143, 147–50, 153 Parmenides, 1, 41, 42 reification, 45, 126, 127, 140, 141, 147, 222, 224, Pat.ipadāsutta, 136 225, 227 perfectionism, 218 reincarnation, 11, 12, 162–3 Buddho-Nietzschean, 222 ressentiment, 22, 23, 42, 57–9, 70, 76, 85, 100, 101, great health, 218–21, 228, 229 120, 121, 123–5, 127, 130, 163, 166, 183, 190, objective goods, 219 205, 227 personification, 43, 142, 148, 167 affect of, 22, 93, 100, 163 perspectivism, 5–6, 7, 115, 116–17 against reality, 22, 58, 59, 77, 85, 87, 125, 163 pessimism, 29–30, 71, 74, 75, 81, 82, 87, 96, 118, ressentiment1, 58, 59, 85, 100, 163, 164 188, 214, 216 ressentiment2, 58, 59, 85, 163, 164, 165, 167 Buddhist vs. Schopenhauerian, 157–9 descriptive, 29, 30, 118, 119, 125, 216 salvation (Erlösung), 73, 74, 75, 157, 159, 160, 161, of the strong, 105, 106, 125, 127, 130 163 of the weak, 30, 76–80, 82, 104, 105, 106, 119, vs. nirvāna, 161 121 125 126 ā 74˙75 84 146 147 148 158 161 162 164 , , sam˙ s ra, , , , , , , , , , , pessimist religion, 75 202 pessimistic religion, 75 Śāntideva, 199, 209 Schopenhauerian, 78, 92, 104 Scheler, M., 178–9, 190 physician, 12, 50, 52, 60, 161, 180, 194, 201 Schopenhauer, 24, 29, 30, 60, 66, 67–77, 78, 87, décadent, 57 104, 143, 157–61, 163, 184, 216 of humanity, 180 Anti-, 66 of mankind, 180, 190, 204, 206 self, 3, 11, 12, 30–8, 40, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 66, Plato, 1, 5, 17, 41, 52, 54, 79, 80 72, 73, 127–30, 136–44, 147–57, 159, 160, Platonic philosophy, 53 167, 168, 169, 210, 218, 222, 224–7 Platonism, 18, 77 as substance, 33, 45, 142 pleasure, 21, 29, 61, 65, 97, 99, 102, 108, 120, 158, Buddhist critique of, 30–6 199, 209, 215 lack of, 31, 36, 148, 149, 151, 156, 188, 198 pleasure-seeking, 107, 108 narrative, 154 power, 108, 110–11. See also will to power Nietzsche’s critique of, 36–8 principium individuationis, 71, 72, 74, 168 self-affirmation, 85, 86, 87, 115, 166, 169, 188, process metaphysics, 4, 117, 118 190, 192 psychology. See also moral psychology self-construction, 224 evolutionary, 5 self-control, 86, 175, 176, 180, 204, 205, 207 of compassion, 65–6, 174–9 self-delusion (ātmamoha), 45, 47, 136, 142–8, of décadence, 21–2 151, 152, 153, 155, 159, 160, 163, 164, 166, 167, 197, 198, 204, 205, 206, 222, 223, 225, rank-order, 206, 208 227, 228, 229 reactivity, 23, 97, 120, 125, 167, 222, 223, 226 self-identification, 139, 224, 225, 227 reaction, 22, 56, 59, 108, 112, 113, 119, 174, 181, as a process of combustion, 138–9 183, 223, 226 self-negation, 60, 61, 62, 65, 73, 74, 87, 161, reactive affect, 176, 179, 181, 188 181, 184 reactive drive, 8 self-overcoming, 25, 26, 79, 81, 122–5, 129, 130, reactive force, 108–11, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 130, 219 165, 167, 189, 190, 209, 211, 219, 226 of nihilism, 123 reactive response, 121, 175, 227 self-preservation, 107, 108, 109, 118, 183 reactive type, 110, 119, 122, 124, 127, selflessness, 11, 44, 45, 147, 148, 161, 181, 191, 197 165, 167, 176, 191, 192, 207, 223. See also sickness, 8, 14, 22, 23, 52, 63, 73, 85, 99, 102, 103, sick type 105, 106, 115, 118, 144, 163, 165, 166, 185, Reality, 20, 41, 42, 114, 156 186, 217, 218, 224, 226 realism, 71, 114, 143, 168 sick type, 13, 21, 23, 50, 102–5, 124, 125, 165–9, Reason, 54, 122, 216 190, 191, 205, 210, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227 rationalism, 9, 54, 122 Siddhārtha Gautama, 3, 9, 50, 55, 161 rebirth, 10, 60, 134, 161, 162 Siderits, M., 9, 154

244 Index

skill, 151, 155 therapeutic ethics, 86 skillful, 13 therapist, 12, 155, 194, 201 skillful means (kuśalopāya), 202 the Buddha as, 13 skillfulness in means (upāyakauśalya), 12, 13, thing-in-itself, 48, 67, 68, 70. See also Ding an sich 202 203 ā 11 133–40 142 143 145 146 147 , thirsting (tr..s˙n ), , , , , , , , soul, 3, 37, 46–9, 52, 53, 54, 63, 69, 70, 118, 159 152, 153, 160, 161, 163, 164, 169, 197, 198, rational, 53, 54 206, 219 soul superstition (Seelen-Aberglaube), 37, 47, fever of, 133–7, 139, 147, 148, 160–3, 165, 202, 166 205 world soul, 44 vs. Schopenhauer’s Will, 160 Spinoza, B., 97, 176, 177, 215, 219 tragedy, 7, 95, 96, 104, 127, 128, 131 strong type, 83, 102, 103, 188–92. See also healthy Transcendence, 1, 20, 51 type metaphysics of, 20 subject, 4, 5, 6, 11, 33, 37, 38, 46, 48, 73, 116, 118, Truth, 1, 6, 20, 23, 25, 41, 43, 115, 117, 118, 122, 127, 141, 142, 145, 221 156, 218 subject-feeling (Subjekt-Gefu¨hle), 47, 166, 167 Absolute, 6 5 36 149 151 subjectivity, conventional truth (sam˙ vr.tisatya), , , , Substance, 1, 3, 12, 20, 40–5, 47, 48, 114, 122, 166 156 substance (svabhāva), 20, 33, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, critique of, 116 141, 142, 143, 147–50, 156, 157, 160, 166, ultimate truth (paramārthasatya), 36, 149, 156 222 typology substance metaphysics, 4, 10, 11, 20, 38–9, 40, of pessimisms, 104–5 42, 45, 46, 47, 141, 142, 156 of sufferers, 102–4 critique of, 38–48 metaphysics of language, 46 Übermensch, 14 substancelessness, 148 unselving (Entselbstung), 62–3, 65, 66, 77, 85, 86, suffering, 2, 28–30, 49, 51, 57, 60, 64, 66, 68, 71, 87, 121, 123, 166, 182, 187, 188, 206 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 85, 91, 92–104, 105, 106, upādāna, 137. See also grasping 109, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 125, 128, 130, Upanis.ads, 34, 39, 43 133, 134, 136, 158, 163, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 173, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 184–6, Vasubandhu, 35, 197 188–93, 195, 196, 197, 199, 201, 202, 203, virtue, 1, 4, 52, 53, 65, 66, 82, 86, 175, 176, 182, 183, 205, 207–11, 223, 224, 227, 228 184, 192, 194, 205, 206, 208, 219, 228 afﬁrmation of, 83–5, 102, 106, 125, 130, 132 noble, 173, 181, 228 as lure to life, 96–8 perfectionist ethics, 218 cessation of, 60–4, 83, 131, 132, 133, 161, 164, 165, 166, 169 wahre Welt, 19, 20, 22–7, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 51, 52, compassion as, 175–6 53, 55, 59, 67, 70, 75, 80, 99, 100, 114, 120, duh. kha, 28, 134–5, 136, 145, 148, 152, 158, 159, 121, 124, 127, 167, 214, 215, 216 160, 162, 163, 164, 169, 195, 197, 198, 205 metaphysics, 22, 25, 44, 117 cessation of, 136, 152, 196, 202 weak type, 22, 99, 101, 103, 105, 120, 121, 169, 188, extensional vs. intensional, 103–4 189, 190, 192 summum bonum, 59, 60, 71, 120, 127, 129, 133, 159, Will, 62, 67, 70–3, 150, 160 160, 161 denial of the will, 73, 76 sympathetic joy (muditā), 194, 196, 199, 205, 207, will to life, 75 208, 209, 228 will to power, 106, 107–18, 119–22, 124–8, 130, 188 Tappolet, C., 179 as philosophy of nature, 112–14 therapy, 12, 53, 85, 228 contra standard evolutionary theory, 109 Buddhist, 147, 148, 151, 152, 164 Williams, B., 8, 126 cognitive-behavioral, 194 perfectionist, 228 Zarathustra, 14, 97