DOCSLIB.ORG

Chanchu EASEA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chanchu EASEA TYPHOON CHANCHU: Information Bulletin no. 01/2006 CHINA, PHILIPPINES AND 19 May 2006 VIETNAM The Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 183 countries. In Brief Throughout the past week more than one million people were evacuated due to Typhoon Chanchu in China, the Philippines and Vietnam. The deadly typhoon has left a trail of destruction and loss across vulnerable rural communities in all three countries. Red Cross National Societies in China, the Philippines and Vietnam have mobilised resources and are actively responding to the needs created by typhoon Chanchu. This Bulletin is being issued for information only, and reflects the situation and the information available at this time. The Federation is not seeking funding or other assistance from donors for this operation at this time. The Situation Typhoon Chanchu (“pearl”), the first major storm to hit the region in 2006 formed in the Pacific on 9 May about 550 km east of Mindanao island in the Philippines. Shortly thereafter on 13 and 14 May the typhoon hit central and northwestern Philippines affecting some 53,000 people in the Luzon and Visayas regions. 37 people were killed and thousands of homes were destroyed due to the forceful typhoon’s gusts which reached up to 170 km per hour. On Wednesday 17 May some 300,000 people were evacuated from their homes in Fujian Province and 320,000 people were evacuated along the coast of Guangdong Province as Chanchu made its way over the South China Sea towards Southern China. Since then, the number of evacuees in these two provinces has reached over one million people. In China evacuees from fishing boats and low lying areas are currently being housed in tents, schools, government warehouses or stayong with relatives. The powerful typhoon struck China on Thursday 18 May leaving at least 21 people dead: 13 in Fujian province due to floods and landslides triggered by the typhoon; and, 8 in Guangdong Province. At the same time 27 Vietnamese fishermen remain missing after their boats sank in Chinese waters due to the storm. In Vietnam, Typhoon Chanchu entered the central East Sea area. Floods, triggered by prolonged drought and the typhoon, washed away shrimp and salinated irrigation sources in Vietnam’s central Quang Nam province, causing hundreds of thousands of dollars of losses. According to the local government 50 percent of the shrimp from 100 ha of ponds were carried away to sea on Thursday, leading to a loss of billions of dongs for farmers. Elevated sea TYPHOON CHANCHU: CHINA, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM; Information Bulletin no. 01 2 levels led waters to encroach on the Thu Bon River, a major source for irrigating paddy fields in the province’s coastal areas where now 1,000 ha of land will not be able to be sowed due to the salty irrigation water. For each of the over one million people throughout these three countries who have been evacuated due to what is the first of what will be many storms over the coming months, the hours in the shelters are filled with the tension of not knowing whether they will have a home to return to, the safety and whereabouts of family and friends or the news of loss. It is the poor rural farmers in each of these countries who are the most vulnerable to recurring floods, typhoons and tropical storms which occur in East and South-east Asia. Already battling against issues such as rising prices and an increasing income gap, this struggling population of rural farmers, which in China alone constitutes close to one-eighth of the world’s population, cannot afford any further setbacks. Earlier this month, China's National Climate Centre (NCC) under the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), forecasted about eight or nine typhoons to hit coastal regions starting from the end of June, while about 30 tropical storms or typhoons will be formed in the Northwest Pacific Ocean or South China Sea this year. Red Cross National societies in China, the Philippines and Vietnam are well aware of the importance of preparedness and have in partnership with the International Federation and partner National Societies used lessons learned in previous disasters to develop community based disaster preparedness and mitigation initiatives in vulnerable rural areas into their annual programming. Although, the scope of these programmes cannot prevent the widespread affects of sudden impact disasters such as Typhoon Chanchu, communities in these three communities are benefiting from projects such as the mangrove project in Vietnam which have contributed to mitigating the impact of these devastating annual disasters. Red Cross and Red Crescent action · China: Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) Floods and typhoons are frequent and annual occurrences in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, as such the Red Cross Society of China (RCSC) provincial branches in Guangdong and Fujian as well as RCSC Headquarters in Beijing have developed established response mechanisms to ensure delivery of assistance to affected individuals. With provincial branches already responding to the needs, representatives from RCSC headquarters including the director of the Society’s Relief and Health Division will head down to Fujian province on Saturday 20 May to assess the needs. Additionally, RCSC headquarters has already responded by the immediate release of tents, quilts, water purification tablets and disinfectant to the affected areas. · Philippines: Philippines National Red Cross (PNRC) Oriental Mindoro province was the most affected by the storms to hit the Philippines. Ten people were reported dead and 18 injured. A total of 29,011 families, (151,771 people) were affected in various ways with reports 1,039 houses destroyed, 2,668 damaged, and widespread damage to livelihoods (ie agriculture) as well as the loss of power supplies. At present thousands of families are homeless. In response the Philippine National Red Cross Mindoro Oriental Chapter has provided mass feeding and relief to thousands in the different evacuation centres in Calapan City. · Vietnam: Vietnam Red Cross (VNRC) Vietnam monitored very closely the progress of the typhoon Chanchu. Vietnam Red Cross (VNRC) prepared its staff and volunteers in the areas initially supposed to be hit by the typhoon. The well known and proven effective preparedness to respond to such a disaster on the part of the Vietnamese population and VNRC again demonstrated the worth of such a programme in saving many lives and properties. During typhoon Damrey in September 2005, VNRC mobilized its volunteers and together with the local population reinforced the dykes and evacuated more than 600,000 people. As a result only three people died along the coastal line. TYPHOON CHANCHU: CHINA, PHILIPPINES, VIETNAM; Information Bulletin no. 01 3 The International Federation undertakes activities that are aligned with its Global Agenda, which sets out four broad goals to achieve the Federation's mission to "improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. Global Agenda Goals: · Reduce the numbers of deaths, injuries and impact from disasters. · Reduce the number of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases and public health emergencies. · Increase local community, civil society and Red Cross Red Crescent capacity to address the most urgent situations of vulnerability. · Reduce intolerance, discrimination and social exclusion and promote respect for diversity and human dignity. For further information: In China: · Mr. Wang Xiaohua, , director of external relations department, Red Cross Society of China, Beijing; email: [email protected]; phone: +86.10.6404.8366, fax +86.10.6402.9928. · In China: Mr. Alistair Henley, head of East Asia regional delegation, Beijing, email: [email protected]; phone: +86.10.65327162, fax: +86.10.65327166. · In Geneva: Asia and Pacific department, Ms. Ewa Eriksson, East Asia regional officer, email: [email protected]; phone: +41227304252; fax: +41.22. 7330395 In Philippines: · Philippine National Red Cross: Mr. Raul Garganera, DMS Manager, Phone: +63 2 5270864, E-mail: [email protected], or · Mr. Victor Liozo, Jr. Secretary General, Phone: +63 9189137119, E-mail: [email protected] · Mr Rene Jinon, Federation Regional Delegation Disaster Management Unit, Bangkok, Phone: +66 2661 8201 ext 430, E-mail: [email protected] · Mr Carl Naucler, Federation Representative Philippines, Office phone +63 917 880 6844, Mobile phone +63 252 76227 Email: [email protected] · Mr Bekele Geleta, Federation Head of Regional Delegation, Bangkok, Phone: +66 2661 8201 ext 100, Email: [email protected] · In Geneva: South-East Asia Regional Officer, Charles Evans, Asia Pacific Department, Geneva, Email: [email protected]; phone +41 22 730 4320; fax 41 22 733 0395or or Sabine Feuglet,, Email: [email protected] phone+41 22 730 4349; ; fax 41 22 733 0395 In Vietnam: · Dr. Trinh Bang Hop, Head of International Relations and Development Department, Viet Nam Red Cross; · email: [email protected]; Phone: +84.4.822.4320; Fax: +84.4.942.4285 · Leopoldo Principe, Federation Representative, email: [email protected]; Phone: +84.4.942.2980 · (ext. 216); Fax: +84.4.942.2987 · Bekele Geleta, Head of Regional Delegation, Bangkok; email: [email protected]; Phone: +66.2.640.8211; · Fax: +66.2.640.8220 · Charles Evans or Sabine Feuglet, Southeast Asia Desk, Asia Pacific Department, Geneva; · email: [email protected] or [email protected]; Phone: +41.22.730.4320/4349; Fax: +41.22.733.0395 All International Federation assistance seeks to adhere to the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's) in Disaster Relief and is committed to the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (Sphere) in delivering assistance to the most vulnerable.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Enhancing Psychological Support
    Appeal No. MDRCN001 CHINA: FLOODS 2006 17 October 2007 The Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 185 countries. In Brief Final Report; Period covered: 2 August 2006 - 31 July 2007; Final appeal coverage: 26%. <Click here to link directly to the attached Final Financial Report>. Appeal history: • This appeal was launched on 02 August 2006 seeking CHF 5,950,200 (USD 4,825,791 or EUR 3,782,708) for 12 months to assist 240,000 beneficiaries. • Disaster Relief Emergency Funds (DREF) allocated: CHF 213,000 Related Emergency or Annual Appeals: 2006-2007 China Appeal MAACN001 2006-2007 East Asia Appeal MAA54001 Operational Summary: Every year, China is crippled by various natural disasters. In 2006, natural disasters were responsible for the deaths of at least 3,186 people. Over 13.8 million people were evacuated and relocated, with 1.93 million houses completely destroyed. According to latest statistics provided by the ministry of civil affairs, flooding in 2006 had caused a direct economic loss of USD 24 billion (CHF 30 billion). The Red Cross Society of China first responded to meet the emergency needs in Hunan province arising from typhoon Bilis. The Disaster Relief Emergency Fund allocated CHF 213,000 to initial relief distributions. A flood affected village in Hunan province. RCSC/International Federation Through the Federation’s China Floods Emergency Appeal (MDRCN001) launched on 2 August 2006, CHF 1.57 million was raised to provide additional support to beneficiaries through the national society.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: the GENESIS of TYPHOON
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE GENESIS OF TYPHOON CHANCHU (2006) Wallace A. Hogsett, Ph.D., 2010 Directed By: Professor Da-Lin Zhang Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science The phenomenon of tropical cyclogenesis (TCG), defined as the processes by which common tropical convection organizes into a coherent, self-sustaining, rapidly- rotating, and potentially destructive tropical cyclone (TC), consistently headlines research efforts but still remains largely mysterious. TCG has been described by a leading TC scientist as “one of the great remaining mysteries of the tropical atmosphere.” This dissertation was motivated by a specific case of TCG: the near- equatorial formation of a well-organized synoptic cyclonic disturbance during the active West Pacific Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). At very high resolution, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale atmospheric model proves capable of reproducing the multiscale interactions that comprise the TCG of Typhoon Chanchu. In the first part of the dissertation, the synoptic observations of the incipient disturbance (i.e., weak cyclonic vortex) are compared with the results from the WRF simulation. It is found that the disturbance tilts westward with height, and as a consequence of the vertical tilt, large-scale ascent (and thus precipitation) is dynamically favored on the downtilt-right side of the vortex. A major result is that the precipitation to the north of the tilted vortex serves as an attractor to the vortex through its generation of vorticity, thereby serving to dually diminish the vertical tilt of the vortex and deflect the incipient storm northward. Observations and the model simulation both indicate that TCG commences when the storm becomes vertically upright.
    [Show full text]
  • FLOODS 2 August 2006 the International Federation’S Mission Is to Improve the Lives of Vulnerable People by Mobilizing the Power of Humanity
    Appeal no. MDRCN001 CHINA: FLOODS 2 August 2006 The International Federation’s mission is to improve the lives of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity. It is the world’s largest humanitarian organization and its millions of volunteers are active in over 185 countries. In Brief THIS EMERGENCY APPEAL FOR FLOODS IN CHINA SEEKS CHF 5,950,200 (USD 4,825791 OR EUR 3,782,708) IN CASH, KIND, OR SERVICES TO ASSIST 240,000 BENEFICIARIES FOR 12 MONTHS. THE FEDERATION HAS ALLOCATED CHF 213,000 FROM THE DISASTER RELIEF EMERGENCY FUND (DREF) TO INITIATE RELIEF ACTIVITIES. <click here to link directly to the attached Appeal budget> The 2006 flood and typhoon season is rapidly emerging as one of the most serious in recent years, resulting already in an economic loss of close to USD 10 billion. Since May to late July, five consecutive typhoons and tropical storms have swept through China. Damages wrought have contributed to overall flood-related disaster statistics across the country: from 1 January to 26 June, number of deaths are close to 1,500, with almost 254 million people affected, 8 million evacuated, 26 million hectares of farmland affected and more than four million rooms (the average farmhouse in China has one to three rooms) collapsed or damaged. Flooding season in China is, however, far from over and there is still potential for further devastation. Floods and typhoons wrecked homes and infrastructure. The scale of the humanitarian relief needs in China are huge and the Federation and the Red Cross society of China are fully engaged assisting and involving vulnerable group in a focussed disaster relief operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 8: Damages Caused by Natural Disasters
    Building Disaster and Climate Resilient Cities in ASEAN Draft Finnal Report APPENDIX 8: DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS A8.1 Flood & Typhoon Table A8.1.1 Record of Flood & Typhoon (Cambodia) Place Date Damage Cambodia Flood Aug 1999 The flash floods, triggered by torrential rains during the first week of August, caused significant damage in the provinces of Sihanoukville, Koh Kong and Kam Pot. As of 10 August, four people were killed, some 8,000 people were left homeless, and 200 meters of railroads were washed away. More than 12,000 hectares of rice paddies were flooded in Kam Pot province alone. Floods Nov 1999 Continued torrential rains during October and early November caused flash floods and affected five southern provinces: Takeo, Kandal, Kampong Speu, Phnom Penh Municipality and Pursat. The report indicates that the floods affected 21,334 families and around 9,900 ha of rice field. IFRC's situation report dated 9 November stated that 3,561 houses are damaged/destroyed. So far, there has been no report of casualties. Flood Aug 2000 The second floods has caused serious damages on provinces in the North, the East and the South, especially in Takeo Province. Three provinces along Mekong River (Stung Treng, Kratie and Kompong Cham) and Municipality of Phnom Penh have declared the state of emergency. 121,000 families have been affected, more than 170 people were killed, and some $10 million in rice crops has been destroyed. Immediate needs include food, shelter, and the repair or replacement of homes, household items, and sanitation facilities as water levels in the Delta continue to fall.
    [Show full text]
  • China Date: 8 January 2007
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN31098 Country: China Date: 8 January 2007 Keywords: China – Taiwan Strait – 2006 Military exercises – Typhoons This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? 3. Is there any information about “Army day” on 1 August 2006? 4. What are the aquatic farming/fishing activities carried out in that area? 5. Has there been pollution following military exercises along the Taiwan Strait? 6. The delegate makes reference to independent information that indicates that from May until August 2006 China particularly the eastern coast was hit by a succession of storms and typhoons. The last one being the hardest to hit China in 50 years. Could I have information about this please? The delegate refers to typhoon Prapiroon. What information is available about that typhoon? 7. The delegate was of the view that military exercises would not be organised in typhoon season, particularly such a bad one. Is there any information to assist? RESPONSE 1. Is there corroborating information about military manoeuvres and exercises in Pingtan? 2. Is there any information specifically about the military exercise there in July 2006? There is a minor naval base in Pingtan and military manoeuvres are regularly held in the Taiwan Strait where Pingtan in located, especially in the June to August period.
    [Show full text]
  • THE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS of the INQUIRER LIFESTYLE SERIES: FITNESS FASHION with SAMSUNG July 9, 2014 FASHION SHOW]
    1 The Humble Beginnings of “Inquirer Lifestyle Series: Fitness and Fashion with Samsung Show” Contents Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ................................................................ 8 Vice-Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ....................................................... 9 Popes .................................................................................................................................. 9 Board Members .............................................................................................................. 15 Inquirer Fitness and Fashion Board ........................................................................... 15 July 1, 2013 - present ............................................................................................... 15 Philippine Daily Inquirer Executives .......................................................................... 16 Fitness.Fashion Show Project Directors ..................................................................... 16 Metro Manila Council................................................................................................. 16 June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 16 June 30, 2013 to present ........................................................................................ 17 Days to Remember (January 1, AD 1 to June 30, 2013) ........................................... 17 The Philippines under Spain ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Gaining from Losses: Using Disaster Loss Data As a Tool for Appraising Natural Disaster Policy
    GAINING FROM LOSSES: USING DISASTER LOSS DATA AS A TOOL FOR APPRAISING NATURAL DISASTER POLICY by SHALINI MOHLEJI B.A., University of Virginia, 2000 M.S., Purdue University, 2002 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Environmental Studies Program 2011 This thesis entitled: Gaining from Losses: Using Disaster Loss Data as a Tool for Appraising Natural Disaster Policy written by Shalini Mohleji has been approved for the Environmental Studies Program Roger Pielke Jr. Sam Fitch Date 5/26/11 The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. IRB protocol #: 11-0029 iii Mohleji, Shalini (Ph.D., Environmental Studies) Gaining from Losses: Using Disaster Loss Data as a Tool for Appraising Natural Disaster Policy Thesis directed by Dr. Roger Pielke Jr. ABSTRACT This dissertation capitalizes on an opportunity, untapped until now, to utilize data on disaster losses to appraise natural disaster policy. Through a set of three distinct studies, I use data on economic losses caused by natural disasters in order to analyze trends in disaster severity and answer important disaster policy questions. The first study reconciles the apparent disconnect between (a) claims that global disaster losses are increasing due to anthropogenic climate change and (b) studies that find regional losses are increasing due to socioeconomic factors. I assess climate change and global disaster severity through regional analyses derived by disaggregating global loss data into their regional components.
    [Show full text]
  • Strong Enhancement of Chlorophyll a Concentration by a Weak Typhoon
    Vol. 404: 39–50, 2010 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 8 doi: 10.3354/meps08477 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Strong enhancement of chlorophyll a concentration by a weak typhoon Liang Sun1, 2,*, Yuan-Jian Yang3, Tao Xian1, Zhu-min Lu4, Yun-Fei Fu1 1Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation and Climatological Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China 2LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China 3Anhui Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China 4Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China ABSTRACT: Recent studies demonstrate that chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations in ocean surface waters can be significantly enhanced due to typhoons. The present study investigated chl a concen- trations in the middle of the South China Sea (SCS) from 1997 to 2007. Only the Category 1 (minimal) Typhoon Hagibis (2007) had a notable effect on chl a concentrations. Typhoon Hagibis had a strong upwelling potential due to its location near the equator, and the forcing time of the typhoon (>82 h) was much longer than the geostrophic adjustment time (~63 h). The higher upwelling velocity and the longer forcing time increased the depth of the mixed-layer, which consequently induced a strong phytoplankton bloom that accounted for about 30% of the total annual chl a concentration in the middle of the SCS. Induction of significant upper ocean responses can be expected if the forcing time of a typhoon is long enough to establish strong upwelling.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea
    remote sensing Article Statistical Characteristics of the Response of Sea Surface Temperatures to Westward Typhoons in the South China Sea Zhaoyue Ma 1, Yuanzhi Zhang 1,2,*, Renhao Wu 3 and Rong Na 4 1 School of Marine Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; [email protected] 2 Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999777, China 3 School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; [email protected] 4 College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1888-885-3470 Abstract: The strong interaction between a typhoon and ocean air is one of the most important forms of typhoon and sea air interaction. In this paper, the daily mean sea surface temperature (SST) data of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observation System (EOS) (AMSR-E) are used to analyze the reduction in SST caused by 30 westward typhoons from 1998 to 2018. The findings reveal that 20 typhoons exerted obvious SST cooling areas. Moreover, 97.5% of the cooling locations appeared near and on the right side of the path, while only one appeared on the left side of the path. The decrease in SST generally lasted 6–7 days. Over time, the cooling center continued to diffuse, and the SST gradually rose. The slope of the recovery curve was concentrated between 0.1 and 0.5.
    [Show full text]
  • SCIENCE CHINA the Lightning Activities in Super Typhoons Over The
    SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences • RESEARCH PAPER • August 2010 Vol.53 No.8: 1241–1248 doi: 10.1007/s11430-010-3034-z The lightning activities in super typhoons over the Northwest Pacific PAN LunXiang1,2, QIE XiuShu1*, LIU DongXia1,2, WANG DongFang1 & YANG Jing1 1 LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Received January 18, 2009; accepted August 31, 2009; published online June 9, 2010 The spatial and temporal characteristics of lightning activities have been studied in seven super typhoons from 2005 to 2008 over the Northwest Pacific, using data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). The results indicated that there were three distinct lightning flash regions in mature typhoon, a significant maximum in the eyewall regions (20–80 km from the center), a minimum from 80–200 km, and a strong maximum in the outer rainbands (out of 200 km from the cen- ter). The lightning flashes in the outer rainbands were much more than those in the inner rainbands, and less than 1% of flashes occurred within 100 km of the center. Each typhoon produced eyewall lightning outbreak during the periods of its intensifica- tion, usually several hours prior to its maximum intensity, indicating that lightning activity might be used as a proxy of intensi- fication of super typhoon. Little lightning occurred near the center after landing of the typhoon. super typhoon, lightning, WWLLN, the Northwest Pacific Citation: Pan L X, Qie X S, Liu D X, et al. The lightning activities in super typhoons over the Northwest Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Model for Simulating Typhoons
    Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2179–2187, 2014 www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/14/2179/2014/ doi:10.5194/nhess-14-2179-2014 © Author(s) 2014. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The efficiency of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for simulating typhoons T. Haghroosta1, W. R. Ismail2,3, P. Ghafarian4, and S. M. Barekati5 1Center for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2Section of Geography, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3Centre for Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran 5Iran Meteorological Organization, Tehran, Iran Correspondence to: T. Haghroosta ([email protected]) Received: 18 December 2013 – Published in Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.: 14 January 2014 Revised: – – Accepted: 29 July 2014 – Published: 26 August 2014 Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) 1 Introduction model includes various configuration options related to physics parameters, which can affect the performance of the model. In this study, numerical experiments were con- Numerical weather forecasting models have several configu- ducted to determine the best combination of physics param- ration options relating to physical and dynamical parameter- eterization schemes for the simulation of sea surface tem- ization; the more complex the model, the greater variety of peratures, latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, precipitation physical processes involved. For this reason, there are several rate, and wind speed that characterized typhoons. Through different physical and dynamical schemes which can be uti- these experiments, several physics parameterization options lized in simulations.
    [Show full text]
  • January 6, 2012
    The Tropical Cyclone-Induced Flux of Carbon between the Ocean and the Atmosphere by Neil L. Zimmerman Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ARCHIVES MASSACHUSETTS INS itUTE Master of Science OF TECHNOLOGY at the MAR 14 2012 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LBRARIES February 2012 © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2012. All rights reserved. / Author .. ......... .. :. -. .- . Departi ent of Earth, Atmosph 'c and Planetary Sciences January 6, 2012 Certified by..... '\ I Kerry A. Emanuel Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Atmospheric Science Director, Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate / Thesis Supervisor Accepted by............ ............................ Robert D. van der Hilst Schlumberger Professor of Geosciences Head, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences The Tropical Cyclone-Induced Flux of Carbon between the Ocean and the Atmosphere by Neil L. Zimmerman Submitted to the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences on January 6, 2012, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Abstract Tropical cyclones are known to cause phytoplankton blooms in regions of the ocean that would otherwise support very little life; it is also known that these storms entrain carbon-rich deep water, which can cause locally-significant air-sea fluxes. However, the relative magnitude of these two processes has mostly not been established, and questions about their global impact on the carbon cycle remain. A high-resolution model is developed, using established techniques and tabulated and published inputs, which tracks the physical, chemical, and biological evolution of the ocean's mixed layer in response to atmospheric forcing.
    [Show full text]