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Massachusetts Institute of Technology .. J MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. ANNUA PRESIDENT., DECEMBER 12, I894. JOHN WILSON "AND SON. • gembet: of t@e Corpor ,tion. President. Secretary.. FRANCIS A. WALKER. FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS. Treasurer. GEORGE WIGGLESWORTH. o JOHN D. RUNKLE. CHARLES F, CHOATE, ALEXANDER H. RICE. HEN-RY SALTONSTALL, FREDERIC W. LINCOLN. HENRY L, PIERCE. WILLIAM ENDICOTT, JR. HIRAM F. MILLS, JOHN CUMMINGS. PERCIVAL LOWELL. THOMAS T. BOUVI~. ARTHUR T. LYMAN. AUGUSTUS LOWELL. CHARLES MERRIAM. HOWARD A. CARSON. THORNTON K. LOTHROP. CHARLES J. PAINE. CHARLES C. JACKSON. CHARLES FAIRCHILD. SAMUEL M. FELTON, DAVID R. WHITNEY. DESMOND FITZGERALD, LEWIS WM. TAPPAN, JR. SAMUEL CABOT, HENRY D. HYDE. FRANCIS BLAKE. ALEXANDER S. WHEELER. CHARLES W. HUBBARD. BENJAMIN P. CHENEY, JAMES M. CRAFTS JAMES P. TOLMAN. THOMAS L. LIVERMORE. HOWARD STOCKTON. A. LAWRENCE ROTCH. FLIOT C. CLARKE. WILLIAM H. FORBES, NATHANIEL THAYER. JOHN R, FREEMAN. GEORGE A. GARDNER. On the Part of the Commonwealth. HIS EXCELLENCY GOV, FREDERICK T. GREENHALGE. Ho~. WALBRIDGE A. FIELD, CltiefJusticeoftlte Stcpreme Cou~t. L HoN. FRANK A. HILL, Secretary of tlte Baard af Education. ;ommitttc$ of ;orporatio.. Executive Committee. FRANCIS A. WALKER. I Ex Od~ciis. GEORGE WIGGI ESWORTH. AUGUSTUS LOWELL. JOHN CUMMINGS. ALEXANDER S. WHEELER, FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS. Finance Committee. WILLIAM ENDICOTT, JR. CHARLES C. JACKSON. DAVID R. WHITNEY. NATHANIEL THAYER. WILLIAM H. FORBES. Committee on the Society of Arts. HOWARD A. CARSON. GEORGE A. GARDNER. HIRAM F. MILLS. Committee on the Lowell School of industrial Design. PERCIVAL LOWELL. JOHN D. RUNKLE. HENRY SALTONSTALL. Auditing Committee. FREDERIC W. LINCOLN. JAMES P. TOLMAN. CHARLES C. JACKSON. Committee on Nominations. AUGUSTUS LOWELL. JOHN CUMMINGS. ALEXANDER H. RICE. HOWARD STOCKTON. FREDERIC W. LINCOLN. Trustees of the Museum of Fine Arts. ALEXANDER H. RICE. FRANCIS A. WALKER. ,a A. LAWRENCE RETCH. v lt~iti.lI ~ommitt¢,$. Department of Civil Engineering. HOWARD A. CARSON. ELIOT C. CLARKE, CHARLES F. CHOATE. DESMOND FITZGERALD, JOHN R. FREEMAN. Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics. HIRAM F. MILLS. FRANCIS BLAKE. DESMOND FITZGERALD. JAMES P. TOLMAN. Departments of Mining and Metallurgy. THOMAS T. BOUV]~. CHARLES FAIRCHILD. THOMAS L. LIVERMORE. Department of Architecture. THORNTON K. LOTHROP. JOHN R. FREEMAN. ELIOT C. CLARKE. A. LAWRENCE ROTCH. Department of Physics and Electr!cal Engineering FRANCIS BLAKE. CHARLES W. HUBBARD. A. LA.WRENCE ROTCH. Departments of Literature, History, and Political Economy. ALEXANDER H, RICE. JAMES P. TOLMAN. GEORGE A. GARDNER. FRANK A. HILL. Department of Modern Languages; FRANK A. HILL. NATHANIEL THAYER. THORNTON K. LO,FHROP, Department of Mathematics. PERCIVAL LOWELL. HOWARD A. CARSON: HOWARD STOCKTON. DESMOND FITZGERALD. Departments of Chemistry and Biology. SAMUEL CABOT. CHARLES C. JACKSON. JAMES M. CRAFTS. Department of Chemical Engineering. ARTHUR T. LYMAN. SAMUEL CABOT. HIRAM F. MILLS. CHARLES W. HUBBARD. Department of Naval Architecture. CHARLES J. PAINE. HOWARD STOCKTON. WILLIAM H. FORBES. 13 ! !~ : .7 .. ,, . TO THE CORPORATION OF "THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY : THE year upon which I now have the honor to report has, on the ~,:hole, been one of prosperity. In May, the largest class in the history of the School was graduated; in Septem- ber, the Institute opened with the largest number of students ever upon its register. The courses of instruction have been still further diversified and improved; and considerable addi- tions have been made to the apparatus of instruction. We have been fortunate in everything except in the matter of our finances, and of the severe losses which the Corporation has suffered, through l~he decease of three valued members. The number of students, this year, is 1,183, as against a registration of I,I57, last year. This is not a little remarkable, since several causes have been operating which appeared to threaten a very considerable falling off in our numbers. The first of these was found in the hard times, which continued until after the opening of the school year, seriously affecting the incomes of all classes in the community. The influence of such a cause is especially felt in the Institute of Technol- ogy, since an unusually large proportion of our students come from families of moderate means; and no small part of our constituency consists of those who wodM never even consider the possibility of going, first to a classical college and then to a professional school. Indeed, so serious has been the ° pressure of the times that a number of students who had gone so far as to register at the opening of the school, were obliged to withdraw, upon finding that they could not make the financial arrangements to enable them to stay. The second cause which contributed to check the normal rate of increase at the Institute, this year, is found in the advanced requirements in mathematics, by which applicants were, for the first time, obliged to present either Advanced o L ,.-1 r~ :.u I I Algebra or Solid Geometry. Some of the schools, as well as some young men fitting themselves for the Institute by their own exertions, were unable to meet this requirement on such brief notice; and the effect was to throw not.a few back into the entering class of I895. The range of this effect is illustrated in tile fact that the number of persons taking the preliminary examinations in June last, with refer- ence to entrance next year, was just fifty per cent greater than in June, I893. The third cause which might have been looked to for pro- flucing a falling off in the attendance at the Institute was to be found in the rapid increase of schools, not only in the im- m.ediate vicinity of Boston, but in every part of the country from which we draw our students, which are offering courses of instruction more or less like those given here. That in- crease is indeed remarkable. It has been stated thai: not less than one hundred colleges and universities in the United States are .to-day offering technical instruction. There is now not a State in the Union without an institution in which more or less of a course in Engineering is laid out. Some of these are classical institutions of long standing an d high reptite, which are as rapidly as possible t,'ansforming them- selves to meet the wants of the age. If, indeed, "imitation is the sincerest flattery," those who originated the earlier schools of science and technology have reason to pray that their heads may not be turned, as one classical college after another throws overboard studies and exercises which thirty years ago were declared to be absolutely essential to mental discipline and culture, without which no one could become a thoroughly educated and cultivated man, to make room for studies and exercises which, even down to recent days, have been gtigmatized as interested, mercenary, and of a base flavor. Certainly the surviving founders of the Massachft- setts Institute of Technology, who, from I857 to I865, sup- ported President Rogers and Dr. Jacob Bigelow in thede- 'mand for an educational system better adapted to the wants of modern life than the medimval and monastic culture tl~en alone offered to the aspiring" student, have reason to rejoice that the battle of the New Education is won. It is not infreqiaently the fate of those who have led in reforms to be sacrificed to the very greatness of the succesz achieved, to be buried under the mighty pile whose founda- tions they laid deep under ground. It is, indeed, a law of social life at which we may not repine, that the laborer of the eleventh hour often reaps an equal reward with those who have borne'the burden and heat of the day; and we might, there- fore, not unnaturally have looked to see, in the general, the almost universal, adoption of the methods of laboratory in- struction and practice first developed here at the Institute of Technology, the beginning of a decline in the relative impor- tance and influence of this school. But such a result I, for one, do not anticipate or fear. The greater and the more widely spread the desire for scientific education, the greater, I believe, will be the need of an institution which is prepared to lead in the development of such instruction; the larger will be the constituency to which tile Institute of Technology will appeal; the more numerous will be the young men who, having made up .their minds to seek such instruction; will determine to get it in its highest and best form. While the institutions which are so rapidly taking up the methods of scientific and technical instruction do well thus to answer the demands of the age, they cannot hope at the beginning to afford their students "all, or nearly all~ the advantages and facilities which in the older schools.of science and technology have been tile accumulation of many years, or are the fruit of careful study and long experience. Much of this can be transplanted; much of it cannot. Scientific and technical school, s can no more be improvised than can universities and schools of classical culture. More than one first crop must be " ploughed under," in experiments upon the adaptation of the soil and the climate to the seed sown. Even when a moderate degree of success has been attained, it still re- mains for time and experience to perfect the system. There has been no year during the whole life of the Institute of i • ~: : ••i ¸ • •:•• i:: ¸ Technology when its own work has not been, in an appre- ciable measure, better done than in the year immediately preceding. Only through continuous experience, closely studied and interpreted; only tlarough adaptations almost insensibly accomplished; only through consultation and com- parison of results carried on year after year, -- can the highest results in this department of effort be obtained.
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