Public-Private Collaboration a Finnish Solution

Public-Private Collaboration a Finnish solution

Marja Jalli MTT Agrifood Research Finland Plant Protection [email protected] PUBLIC: MTT Agrifood Research Finland

• Leading research institute in the field of agricultural and food research and agricultural environment research in Finland • Operating under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry • MTT employs around 850 people at 14 locations across Finland. Head office is situated at Jokioinen • In 2008 our expenditure totalled approximately EUR 49 million, of which around one third was budget financing. PRIVATE: Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd.

• Breeding varieties of field crops that are well adapted to the extremes and variable growing conditions of northern areas • Breeding programmes focused on field crops that are most relevant to northern Scandinavian agriculture and other similar geographical areas: barley, oats, grasses, oil crops and spring wheat • Current shareholders of Boreal are the Finnish government, the Finnish farmers' union and a core group of Finnish agribusiness companies • The market share of Boreal varieties in Finland is currently 66 % Success in Collaboration

1) Common aim 2) Both partners benefit: 1+1 > 2 3) Resources 4) Well-defined working plan 5) Well-defined distribution of work 6) Results Common aim:

IN FINLAND

• Cereal cultivated on 54% of agricultural area (1.1 million hectares)

• Barley on half of that area

• For feed, starch, malt

• Net blotch, scald, mildew, spot blotch, Fusarium

• Importance of resistance & biodiversity increased because of economical and environmental reasons Common aim:

Max level of disease infection in barley in official variety trials in Finland NET SCALD MILDEW verkkolaikkuBLOTCH rengaslaikku härmä 100

0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

MTT Official variety trials 1996-2009 Common aim:

Fungicide sales in Finland / tn a.i.

300 250 200 150 100 50 Evira 2007 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Genetic analysis of Qol-resistance in Finland 2009:

• 5 % of the collected P. teres samples carry F129L resistance Common aim:

In EU a directive proposal on ’Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Pesticides’

The specific objectives of the Strategy are:

(i) to minimise the hazards and risks to health and environment from the use of pesticides; (ii) to improve controls on the use and distribution of pesticides; (iii) to reduce the levels of harmful active substances including through substituting the most dangerous with safer (including non-chemical) alternatives;

(iv) to encourage the use of low-input or pesticide-free farming , in particular by raising users' awareness, by promoting codes of good practices and consideration of the possible application of financial instruments WORKINGWORKING WITH WITHCEREAL NET DISEASE BLOTCH RESISTANCE IN FINLAND IN FINLAND

Disease assessments in Finnish official variety trials since 1990

Developing methods Barley leaf pathogens DNA-markers in Durable disease Healthy good quality Genetic resources into for disease testing as a part of disease barley disease resistance barley: from genes use – a tool box 0n wheat and barley resistance breeding resistance breeding to barley and oat to practice for plant breeding

1988-1993 1995-1997 1998-2000 2002-2005 2006-2008 2009-

• Working with the • Knowledge on the • Mapping of net • Both mating types • Barley disease • Pyramiding R genes pathogen net blotch resistance blotch resistance genes exist in Finland surveys • Energy cost of resistance • Isolation, inoculation of Finnish cultivars • Developing • Population • Effect of cultivation • Near-isogenic lines assessment methods • P. teres virulence markers for P. teres diversity system on virulence • Economical & for barley net blotch screening started resistance genes studies with AFLPs • Mapping of R genes environmental aspects

Barley disease resistance breeding programme in Boreal Ltd Genetic resources into use – a tool box for plant breeding

Barley scald Barley net blotch Powdery mildew

Wheat leaf spot Fusarium sp . diseases Well-defined working plan & distribution of work: GENETIC RESOURCES GENE BANK

CHARACTERIZATION OF HE PATHOGEN

SCREENING FOR RESISTANCE SOURCES

CHARACTERIZATION RESEARCH OF THE RESISTANCE

DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC MARKERS

BACKCROSSING PROGRAMME PLANT BREEDING PYRAMIDING RESISTANCE GENES

VARIETY

CLEAN RAW MATERIAL FARMER FOR FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENTAL & ECONOMICAL WELFARE SOCIETY Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

Characterization of the pathogen - MTT Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

STUDYING THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE PATHOGEN

• Studying the epidemiology of Fusarium langsethiae • As a result reliable tools for resistance testing Well-defined working plan & distribution of work

VIRULENCE OF P. TERES F. TERES IN 1996-2008 Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

Screening for resistance sources - MTT Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

DTR-infection in ’infection field’ in 2009

NordGen landraces & MacKey isogenic lines 16 % 14

Demonstrant 12 Trappe

0 Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

Development of genetic markers – Boreal & MTT resistant susceptible DNA bulk DNA bulk RS fingerprinting DNA-band cut

DNA cloning sequencing GAATTCT…jne

Developing PCR primer from the sequence Well-defined working plan & distribution of work:

Backcrossing programme – Boreal & MTT Well-defined working plan & distribution of work

Pyramiding resistance genes – Boreal & MTT Results:

NEW VARIETY

Net blotch infection 2007- 2009 50

% 1997 40

30 2005

2001 10 2008 2009 2008 2006

0 Olavi Einar Elmeri Edvin Kunnari Voitto Rolfi

MTT Official variety trials 2007-2009