San Dimas Property San Dimas District Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

San Dimas Property San Dimas District Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico SAN DIMAS PROPERTY SAN DIMAS DISTRICT DURANGO AND SINALOA STATES, MEXICO TECHNICAL REPORT Prepared by: Primero Mining Corp. and AMC Mining Consultants (Canada) Ltd. In accordance with the requirements of National Instrument 43-101, “Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects”, of the Canadian Securities Administrators Qualified Persons: Gabriel Voicu, P.Geo J M Shannon, P. Geo. R Webster, M.AIG April 18, 2014 San Dimas Technical Report CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 8 2 INTRODUCTION 18 2.1 General and Terms of Reference ......................................................... 18 2.2 The Issuer ........................................................................................... 18 2.3 Report Authors ................................................................................... 19 3 RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS 22 4 PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION 22 4.1 Property Location ............................................................................... 22 4.2 Property Description and Ownership ................................................... 22 4.3 Land Tenure ....................................................................................... 23 4.4 Surface Rights and Permits ................................................................. 25 4.5 Existing Environmental Liabilities ...................................................... 25 5 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 26 5.1 Accessibility ....................................................................................... 26 5.2 Climate ............................................................................................... 26 5.3 Local Resources and Infrastructure ..................................................... 27 5.4 Physiography and Vegetation .............................................................. 28 6 HISTORY 29 6.1 Ownership .......................................................................................... 29 6.2 Exploration Work ............................................................................... 30 6.3 Historical Estimates ............................................................................ 30 6.4 Production .......................................................................................... 31 7 GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND MINERALIZATION 31 7.1 Regional Geology ............................................................................... 31 7.2 Local and Property Geology................................................................ 33 7.3 Mineralization .................................................................................... 34 8 DEPOSIT TYPES 36 8.1 General ............................................................................................... 36 8.2 San Dimas .......................................................................................... 37 9 EXPLORATION 37 9.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 37 9.2 Channel Sampling ............................................................................... 37 10 DRILLING 40 10.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 40 10.2 Exploration Drilling in 2013 ............................................................... 41 10.2.1 Central Block ....................................................................................... 42 10.2.2 Sinaloa Graben .................................................................................... 42 10.2.3 Arana Hanging Wall – Tayoltita .......................................................... 43 10.2.4 Arana Hanging Wall – Santa Rita ........................................................ 43 10.3 Sampling ............................................................................................ 43 10.4 Bulk Density ....................................................................................... 45 11 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY 46 April 2014 2 San Dimas Technical Report 11.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 46 11.2 Sample Handling and Preparation ....................................................... 46 11.3 Sample Analysis ................................................................................. 46 11.4 Data Security ...................................................................................... 47 11.5 Laboratory Audit ................................................................................ 47 11.6 Assay QA / QC ................................................................................... 47 12 DATA VERIFICATION 57 12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 57 12.2 Data Transfer ...................................................................................... 57 12.2.1 Assay Integrity .................................................................................... 57 12.2.2 Data Flow ............................................................................................ 58 12.3 Mill Reconciliation ............................................................................. 59 12.4 Model Depletion ................................................................................. 60 12.5 Production Comparison....................................................................... 60 12.6 Exploration Data ................................................................................. 61 12.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 62 13 MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING 62 14 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES 63 14.1 Background ........................................................................................ 63 14.2 Block Model Estimates ....................................................................... 63 14.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 63 14.2.2 Data Provided ...................................................................................... 65 14.2.3 Vein Modelling Method ....................................................................... 67 14.2.4 Samples ............................................................................................... 68 14.2.5 Bulk Density ........................................................................................ 68 14.2.6 Statistics and Compositing ................................................................... 69 14.2.7 Block Modelling .................................................................................. 75 14.2.8 Resource Classification of Block Models ............................................. 77 14.2.9 Results of Block Model Estimation ...................................................... 78 14.3 Polygonal Estimates ............................................................................ 81 14.3.1 History of Polygonal Estimates ............................................................ 81 14.3.2 AMC Review ....................................................................................... 82 14.3.3 Calculation of Tonnage ........................................................................ 83 14.3.4 Results of Review of Polygons ............................................................. 83 14.4 Mineral Resource Estimate ................................................................. 84 14.5 Comparison Year End-2012 and Year End-2013 Mineral Resources ... 84 14.5.1 Exploration Potential ........................................................................... 85 15 MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES 86 15.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 86 15.2 Methodology ...................................................................................... 86 15.3 Mining Cut-off Grade ......................................................................... 86 15.4 Dilution and Mining Recovery Factors ................................................ 87 15.4.1 Dilution ............................................................................................... 87 15.4.2 Mining Recovery Factors ..................................................................... 88 15.5 Mineral Reserves Estimate .................................................................. 89 15.5.1 Mineral Reserves Statement ................................................................. 89 15.5.2 Breakdown of Mineral Reserves by Vein ............................................. 89 15.5.3 Conversion of Indicated Resources to Reserves .................................... 90 April 2014 3 San Dimas Technical Report 15.5.4 Reserve Sensitivity .............................................................................. 91 15.6 Comparison Year End-2012 and Year End-2013 Mineral Reserves ..... 91 15.7 Discussion on 2013 Production and Estimated Mineral Reserves ......... 91 16 MINING METHODS 92 16.1 General Description ............................................................................ 92 16.2 San Dimas Production & Costs ........................................................... 93 16.2.1 Production ........................................................................................... 93 16.2.2 Operating Costs ................................................................................... 94 16.3 Mining Methods & Mine Design
Recommended publications
  • Organized Crime and Terrorist Activity in Mexico, 1999-2002
    ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN MEXICO, 1999-2002 A Report Prepared by the Federal Research Division, Library of Congress under an Interagency Agreement with the United States Government February 2003 Researcher: Ramón J. Miró Project Manager: Glenn E. Curtis Federal Research Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540−4840 Tel: 202−707−3900 Fax: 202−707−3920 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://loc.gov/rr/frd/ Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Criminal and Terrorist Activity in Mexico PREFACE This study is based on open source research into the scope of organized crime and terrorist activity in the Republic of Mexico during the period 1999 to 2002, and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country. The analyst examined those organized crime syndicates that direct their criminal activities at the United States, namely Mexican narcotics trafficking and human smuggling networks, as well as a range of smaller organizations that specialize in trans-border crime. The presence in Mexico of transnational criminal organizations, such as Russian and Asian organized crime, was also examined. In order to assess the extent of terrorist activity in Mexico, several of the country’s domestic guerrilla groups, as well as foreign terrorist organizations believed to have a presence in Mexico, are described. The report extensively cites from Spanish-language print media sources that contain coverage of criminal and terrorist organizations and their activities in Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad F) - ~7~ - File I a Study NPS :J:Ntl,-Fl II T
    I I Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad f) - ~7~ - file I a study NPS :J:ntl,-fl II t. Pr~ pt>"#£' - UNITED STATES DEPARTME NT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1 ON MICROFILM 1\WE IIElUIIH o: ~ liii'ORIIMTIOH OOC1Bl I I I I I. DURANGO - SILVERTON NARROW GAUGE RAILROAD 1\ A Study I I I I I March 1962 I I I. I' I I Department of the Interior National Park Service Region Two Office I Omaha, Nebraska I I I ' I .I I I. I INTRODUCTION I This study is the story of a railroad line and an account of a I chain of recent events which have complicated that study. It describes I. in text and picture the Durango to Silverton narrow gauge line of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, i t s operating equipment and I facilities, its scenic and historic surroundings . The significance of this narrow gauge railroad in our Nation's history is pointed out and a case is made for its preservation. The objectives of such preservation • 1: are outlined and some possible solutions are briefed. I I I I I I • I I I \, . ._.. ·---- ~~----------------------~ I y M • w 0 I ...... -- ---- ----.,--- ----- ----------~---- I I I T L 0 R A D 0 A H ~ c 0 OOLORAOO NATIONAL MONUMI:NT Colorado I Sprin9s CAPITOL Rill: I" NATI ON"L I MONUMENT ORI!AT ~ SANO O UNI:8 I NATION& I.,. I Si I OMO NUMI!:NT 81tYc;E C ANYON NATIONAL rf PAIUC 0 0 0 I NAVAJO NAT IONAl.
    [Show full text]
  • Range Expansion of the Whitenose Shark, Nasolamia Velox, and Migratory Movements to the Oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago
    Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, page 1 of 5. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2017 doi:10.1017/S0025315417000108 Range expansion of the whitenose shark, Nasolamia velox, and migratory movements to the oceanic Revillagigedo Archipelago (west Mexico) frida lara-lizardi1,2, mauricio hoyos-padilla2,3, james t. ketchum2,4 and felipe galva’ n-magan~a1 1Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n. C.P. 23096. La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico, 2Pelagios-Kakunja´ A. C. 1540 Sinaloa, C.P. 23070, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico, 3Fins Attached, 19675 Still Glen Way, Colorado Springs, CO 80908, USA, 4Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas del Noroeste, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico Current literature considers that Nasolamia velox has a limited distribution along the coastline of the Eastern Pacific with sporadic sightings in the Galapagos Archipelago. This study provides evidence of the occurrence of this species at the Revillagigedo Archipelago (18899′186′′N 112808′44′′W), Mexico, using acoustic telemetry and videos taken from 2014 to 2016. We report here movements from a coastal location (National Park Cabo Pulmo) to a group of oceanic islands (Revillagigedo Archipelago) by one single individual, supporting the idea of the potential connectivity of sharks between the Gulf of California and the Revillagigedo Archipelago. This report extends the known distribution of N. velox to 400 km off the mainland coast of the Americas, thereby increasing the knowledge of the distribution of a species commonly reported in fishery landings of the Eastern Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • First Majestic Silver Corp. San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral
    First Majestic Silver Corp. San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates Qualified Persons: Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng. Joaquín Merino, P.Geo. María Elena Vázquez, P.Geo. Persio P. Rosario, P.Eng. Report Prepared For: First Majestic Silver Corp. Report Effective Date December 31, 2020 CERTIFICATE OF QUALIFIED PERSON Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng. Vice President of Technical Services First Majestic Silver Corp. 925 West Georgia Street, Suite 1800 Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6C 3L2 I, Ramón Mendoza Reyes, P.Eng., am employed as Vice President of Technical Services with First Majestic Silver Corp. (First Majestic). This certificate applies to the technical report entitled “San Dimas Silver/Gold Mine, Durango and Sinaloa States, Mexico, NI 43-101 Technical Report on Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates” that has an effective date of December 31, 2020. I graduated from the National Autonomous University of Mexico with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Mining Engineering in 1989, and also obtained a Master of Science Degree in Mining and Earth Systems Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado, in 2003. I am a member of the Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia (P.Eng. #158547). I have practiced my profession continuously since 1990, and have been involved in precious and base metal mine projects and operations in Mexico, Canada, the United States of America, Chile, Peru, and Argentina. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National Instrument 43–101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43–101).
    [Show full text]
  • Guadalupe Victoria Estado De Durango : Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal 1998
    Guadalupe Victoria. Estado de Durango. Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal. Publicación única. Primera edición. 176 p.p. Aspectos Geográficos, Estado y Movimiento de la Población, Vivienda y Servicios Básicos, Salud, Educación, Seguridad y Orden Público, Empleo, Información Económica Agregada, Agricultura, Ganadería, Industria, Comercio, Turismo, Transportes y Comunica­ ciones, Ampliación y Conservación de la Infraestructura y Finanzas Públicas. OBRAS AFINES O COMPLEMENTARIAS SOBRE EL TEMA: Anuarios Estadísticos de los Estados. SI REQUIERE INFORMACION MAS DETALLADA DE ESTA OBRA, FAVOR DE COMUNICI 'lSE A: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática Dirección General de Difusión Dirección de Atención a Usuarios y Comercialización Av. Héroe de Nacozari Núm. 2301 Sur Fracc. Jardines del Parque, CP 20270 Aguascalientes, Ags. México TELEFONOS: 01 800 490 5900 Y 01 (49) 182998 http://www.inegi.gob.mx [email protected] DR © 1999, Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática Edificio Sede Av. Héroe de Nacozari Núm. 2301 Sur Fracc. Jardines del Parque, CP 20270 Aguascalientes, Ags. htlp://www.inegi.gob.mx [email protected] Guadalupe Victoria Estado de Durango Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal Edición 1998 Impreso en México ISBN 970-13-2272-X Presentación El Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) y el H. Ayuntamiento de Guadalupe Victoria, presentan el Cuaderno Estadístico Municipal de Guadalupe Victoria, Estado de Durango, Edición 1998, documento que fonna parte de una serie que comprende a municipios seleccionados del país y a las delegacio­ nes del Distrito Federal, proyecto que sustituye y da continuidad al de Cuademos de Información Básica para la Planeación Municipal (o Delegacional) promovido también por eIINEGI.
    [Show full text]
  • Prontuario De Información Geográfica Municipal De Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Gómez Palacio, Durango
    Prontuario de información geográfica municipal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Gómez Palacio, Durango Clave geoestadística 10007 Prontuario de información geográfica municipal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Gómez Palacio, Durango Ubicación geográfica Coordenadas Entre los paralelos 25° 32’ y 25° 54’ de latitud norte; los meridianos 103° 19’ y 103° 42’ de longitud oeste; altitud entre 1 100 y 1 800 m. Colindancias Colinda al norte con los municipios de Mapimí, Tlahualilo y el estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza; al este con el estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza; al sur con el estado de Coahuila de Zaragoza y el municipio de Lerdo; al oeste con los municipios de Lerdo y Mapimí. Otros datos Ocupa el 0.7% de la superficie del estado Cuenta con 344 localidades y una población total de 304 624 habitantes http://mapserver.inegi.org.mx/mgn2k/ ; 25 de marzo de 2010. Fisiografía Provincia Sierras y Llanuras del Norte (96.8%) y Sierra Madre Oriental (3.2%) Subprovincia Del Bolsón de Mapimí (96.8%) y Sierras Transversales (3.2%) Sistema de topoformas Llanura aluvial salina (71.6%), Llanura aluvial (24.7%), Sierra compleja (3.1%), Llanura aluvial de piso rocoso o cementado (0.5%) y Sierra compleja con lomerío (0.1%) Clima Rango de temperatura 18 – 22°C Rango de precipitación 100 - 400 mm Clima Muy seco semicálido con lluvias en verano (100%) Geología Periodo Cuaternario (89.9%), Cretácico (1.7%), Terciario (0.9%) y Paleógeno (0.1%) Roca Suelo: aluvial (88.9%) y eólico (1.0%) Sedimentaria: caliza (1.7%) y conglomerado (0.1%) Ígnea intrusiva: granito (0.9%) Edafología Suelo dominante Calcisol (35.4%), Regosol (28.9%), Solonetz (11.4%), Solonchak (9.0%), Vertisol (4.2%), Leptosol (2.1%), Luvisol (0.9%), No aplicable (0.4%) y Fluvisol (0.3%) Hidrografía Región hidrológica Nazas – Aguanaval (100%) Cuenca R.
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Duck Aix Sponsa Breeding in the Nazas River, Durango, Mexico
    Wood Duck Aix sponsa breeding in the Nazas River, Durango, Mexico Francisco Valdés Perezgasga Cotinga 11 (1999): 13–14 Se describen los primeros registros del Pato del Bosque Aix sponsa reproduciéndose en México. Las observaciones fueron realizadas en la cuenca baja del Río Nazas en el Estado de Durango, México. Howell & Webb2 map the range of Mexican birds, enabling observers, at a glance, to recognise occurrences of species outside their known range. Wood Duck Aix sponsa is considered a winter visitor (U to R) to the north and west of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with some occurrences in southern Veracruz, Yucatan and Baja California2, whilst Peterson & Chalif5 also describe it as a winter visitor with records in Sinaloa, Valle de México, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas. Edwards1 states that the species is a very rare winter visitor to the northern half of Mexico. del Hoyo et al.3 maintain that Aix sponsa is a winter visitor to central Mexico but map the species as a visitor to the northern coasts of Mexico. These references form a coherent body of literature describing Wood Duck as a non-breeding winter visitor to Mexico. During April–November 1998, I recorded a number of Wood Ducks on the lower Nazas River, including both sexes and young ducklings, indicating that Aix sponsa breeds in this riparian corner of the Chihuahuan Desert. The lower Nazas River has been dammed and channelled for agricultural uses in La Laguna Region (straddling Coahuila and Durango states). However, the sites where I recorded the ducks (downriver from the Las Tórtolas dam, also known as Zarco dam) are controlled by a series of small locks that allow water to accumulate throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Inde Mining and Reduction Co
    t h e : Inde Mining and Reduction Co. 0 F M E X ICO. HTdOEVOEATED 1881. WASHINGTON, D. C. G ib s o n B r o t h e r s , P r in t e r s . 1882. ■ ■ í- ' " ‘ • <-A : ' V " 'í'.' - iy. ■ > ' . ■ I I t h e ; Inde M ining and R eduction Co. OF MEXICO. IKCOBPOBATED 1881. WASHINGTON, D. 0. G ib s o n B r o t h e r s , P r in t e r s , 1883. M & d 5 S c 3 # < i f (')ffk c v s 'SSI President, .......................................W. S. HOGE. Vice-President, - - . ALEX. E LLIOTT, Jit. Secretary and Treasurer, - - JOHN TWEEDALE. Assistant Secretary, - - - M. W. MITCHELL. Mining Superintendent, - E. C. CARRINGTON, Jh. JH recto vs. W . S. H ose , Alex . E lliott, Jr., J ohn T weedale , E. C. Carrington , Jr., T hos. B. P enicks , A. F. Childs, James M. Chadsey , C. T. Nutze , W m. H. Chadsey . Business Office: No. 1103 F Street, Washington, D. C; 3 MEXICO— ITS MINERAL WEALTH, &C. F rom the date of the conquest of Mexico its mineral wealth has become matter of history. For nearly three centuries the country quietly submitted to the rule of the Spaniards, who, in vast numbers, flocked to its shores, built towers and churches, uncovered its hidden wealth, and loaded great fleets of vessels with gold and silver for the mother country. Spain became the richest and one of the most powerful of nations, and her glory only began to wane from the success of the Mexican revolu­ tion, when an .edict was passed by the young republic banishing all Spaniards from its domain.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born in and out of Wedlock
    Report for the Executive Office for Immigration Review LL Files Nos. 2017-014922 through 2017-014953 Mexico: State Law on Legitimation and Distinctions Between Children Born In and Out of Wedlock (Update) August 2017 The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center (202) 707-6462 (phone) • (866) 550-0442 (fax) • [email protected] • http://www.law.gov Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................1 Aguascalientes .................................................................................................................................2 Baja California .................................................................................................................................4 Baja California Sur ..........................................................................................................................6 Campeche .........................................................................................................................................8 Chiapas ...........................................................................................................................................10 Chihuahua ......................................................................................................................................12 Coahuila .........................................................................................................................................14 Colima ............................................................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Sinaloa Cartel Like a Corporation to Reduce Violence in Mexico
    SINALOA INCORPORATED: UNDERSTANDING THE SINALOA CARTEL LIKE A CORPORATION TO REDUCE VIOLENCE IN MEXICO The University of Texas at Austin – B.A. Adriana Ortiz (TC 660H or TC 359T) Plan II Honors Program The University of Texas at Austin August 14, 2017 __________________________________________ (Supervisor Name) (Supervisor Department) Supervising Professor __________________________________________ (Second Reader Name) (Second Reader Department) Second Reader Acknowledgements First and foremost, I want to thank Dr. Stephanie Holmsten and Dr. Rachel Wellhausen for their support, patience, and guidance over the course of this project. Secondly, I want to thank my family and friends for offering me the strength to continue writing even when I hit roadblocks or was extremely stressed out. Lastly, I want to thank the Plan II Office thesis advisors and academic advisors for their continued support and belief that I could finish the project. ~ 2 ~ Abstract Author: Adriana M Ortiz Title: Sinaloa Incorporated: Understanding the Sinaloa Cartel like a Corporation to Reduce Violence in Mexico Supervising Professor: Dr. Stephanie Holmsten Second Reader: Dr. Rachel Wellhausen The Sinaloa Cartel is one of the various drug cartels currently existing in Mexico, but unlike other drug cartels, the Sinaloa Cartel has lasted the longest, was titled the most powerful drug cartel in the world by the U.S. Treasury Department and developed the most sophisticated business system. The characteristics of the system are strategies that legal corporations such as the United Fruit Company, the Brown and Williamson Company, and the Browning Arms Company use; and that includes offshoring, social media, and collaboration with the government of its home state, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconstruction of Landfalling Tropical Cyclones on the Pacific Coast of Mexico from 1850 to 1949
    A reconstruction of landfalling tropical cyclones on the Pacific coast of Mexico from 1850 to 1949 G.B. Raga1*, Beatriz Bracamontes-Cevallos1, Luis M. Farfán2 and Rosario Romero-Centeno1 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico 2CICESE Unidad La Paz, BCS, Mexico 1. INTRODUCTION1 Recently the same general area was affected by the landfall of Hurricane Jova (2011). The last two decades since the studies reported in Bradley and Jones (1992) were published, have Serra (1971) presented a first reconstruction of seen a large increase in the number of eastern Pacific tropical cyclone trajectories publications that make use of different variables as between 1921 and 1969, calculating a probability well as historical documents as proxies to retrieve higher than 90% that a tropical cyclone would information about the past climate. Garcia et al. make landfall in one of 5 of the 10 Mexican states (2001) and García-Herrera et al. (2003) considered. The study does not indicate clearly reconstructed atmospheric circulation changes in how the trajectories were estimated, presumably the Tropical Pacific from the voyages of the based upon ship reports for the ones that are far Spanish galleons from 1590 to 1750. They were from land. For the period considered in his study, able to infer that the sailing time between modern Serra (1971) estimated that the probabilities of Mexico and the Philippines was a function of the landfall in Baja California Sur and Sinaloa were strength of the trade winds and the location of the 0.49 and 0.38, respectively. Englehart et al (2008) western Pacific monsoon trough.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico's Ten Most Iconic Endangered Species
    Alejandro Olivera Center for Biological Diversity, April 2018 Executive summary exico is one of the world’s most biologically rich nations, with diverse landscapes that are home to a treasure trove of wildlife, including plant and animal species found nowhere else. Sadly, in Mexico and Maround the world, species are becoming extinct because of human activities at rates never seen before. In this report we highlight the threats facing Mexico’s 10 most iconic endangered species to help illustrate the broader risks confronting the country’s imperiled plants and animals. These 10 species — which in most cases are protected only on paper — were chosen to reflect Mexico’s diversity of wildlife and ecosystems and the wide range of threats to the country’s biodiversity. New awareness of these unique animals and plants is critical to inspiring a nationwide demand to protect these critical components of Mexico’s natural heritage. Although the Mexican government began officially listing and protecting species as extinct, threatened, endangered, and “under special protection” in 1994 — more than 20 years ago — few species have actually recovered, and many critical threats continue unabated. In many cases, officials are failing to enforce crucial laws and regulations that would protect these species. Additionally, the Mexican government has not updated its official list of imperiled species, referred to as NOM059, since 2010, despite new and growing risks from climate change, habitat destruction, the wildlife trade and in some cases direct killing. This failure obscures the true plight of the nation’s endangered wildlife. The following 10 iconic endangered species are not adequately protected by the Mexican government: 1.
    [Show full text]