Amblyseius Bellatulus Tseng (Acari: Phytoseiidae): Neotype Designation with First Description of a Male Jhih-Rong Liao, Chyi-Chen Ho, Chiun-Cheng Ko

Amblyseius bellatulus Tseng (Acari: Phytoseiidae): neotype designation with first description of a male Jhih-Rong Liao, Chyi-Chen Ho, Chiun-Cheng Ko

To cite this version:

Jhih-Rong Liao, Chyi-Chen Ho, Chiun-Cheng Ko. Amblyseius bellatulus Tseng (Acari: Phytoseiidae): neotype designation with first description of a male. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2017, 57 (2), pp.323- 335. 10.1051/acarologia/20164157. hal-01493954

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Acarologia 57(2): 323–335 (2017) DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20164157

Amblyseius bellatulus Tseng (Acari: Phytoseiidae): neotype designation with ﬁrst description of a male

Jhih-Rong LIAO1, Chyi-Chen HO2 and Chiun-Cheng KO1*

(Received 29 May 2016; accepted 05 August 2016; published online 05 January 2017; edited by Marie-Stéphane TIXIER)

1 Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan. [email protected], [email protected] (*Corresponding author) 2 Taiwan Acari Research Laboratory, Taichung City, 41345 Taiwan. [email protected]

ABSTRACT — Yi-Hsiung Tseng provided fundamental information of phytoseiid fauna in Taiwan. However, according to an exclusive interview, all specimens included in Tseng’s collections were lost after his retirement; therefore, more than 20 holotypes are now lost. To ensure stability in nomenclature, designation of neotypes is thus necessary. In this study, we re-described a known species, Amblyseius bellatulus Tseng 1983, by collecting phytoseiid mites from the original type locality and the entirely of Taiwan. Because the morphology of the collected specimens is highly similar to that of specimens used for describing the species, we designated a neotype and redescribed female specimens, as well as male specimens, which have not been described before. KEYWORDS — Phytoseiids; Taiwan; Amblyseius bellatulus; neotype ZOOBANK — 05A3D8B4-BA50-421D-A2B1-DBAD5E4C7F2D

INTRODUCTION tions of Tseng, including type specimens, were de- posited at the Tainan Branch of the Bureau of Com- Phytoseiid mites have received considerable atten- modity Inspection and Quarantine (BCIQ) (Tseng, tion because of their biocontrol potential. Some 1983). However, the Tainan Branch of BCIQ no species can feed on phytophagous mites and small longer possesses Tseng’s collections and type spec- pests (McMurtry et al., 2013). So far, more than imens. The plant and animal quarantine work was 2,700 species included in 91 genera and 3 subfami- transferred from Bureau of Commodity Inspection lies have been recorded worldwide (Chant and Mc- and Quarantine to the newly established Bureau of Murtry, 2007; Demite et al., 2015). Fifty-three species Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quaran- are recorded from Taiwan (Ehara, 1970; Lo, 1970; tine (BAPHIQ) since 1998 and BCIQ was renamed Tseng, 1972; 1973; 1975; 1976; Chang and Tseng, to Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection 1978; Tseng, 1983; Ho and Lo, 1989; Ho et al., 2003). (BSMI). Y. H. Tseng retired from BSMI in 2008. The Yi-Hsiung Tseng provided the most complete sur- profile column of BAPHIQ Quarterly, a journal is- vey of phytoseiid mites in this country from the sued by BAPHIQ, had interviewed Yi-Hsiung Tseng 1970s to the early 1980s; he recorded 47 species in- in 2009 due to his great contribution to plant quar- cluding 20 newly described endemic ones. Collec- http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 323 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Liao J.-R. et al. antine and talked about the mite collection of him. collect phytoseiid mites in type localities and type Tseng mentioned that he had discarded the whole habitat plants. However, we faced some difficul- mite collection of him after his retirement (BAPHIQ, ties because of typing errors in the names of the 2009). The present work aims to retrieve specimens localities of collection, the old vague phonetic En- collected by Tseng to reconstitute his collection. It is glish transcription of the localities, and the use of thus the first step of further taxonomical studies. general descriptive terms for plants (e.g., weeds, Some species of Amblyseius are considered as grasses). In addition, landscape greatly changed in generalist predators, they can feed on wide range the past 30 years. Nonetheless, we have found spec- preys, and can sometimes feed on pollens (Mc- imens that are nearly consistent with description of Murtry et al., 2013). In Taiwan, Ho and Chen (2001) A. bellatulus by Tseng (1983). Tseng (1983) provided reported that A. bellatulus and A. maai Tseng (=A. a critical description and illustration of A. bellatul- tamatavensis Bloommers) fed on melon thrips from lus, but there is some lacking information regard- cucumbers in the field. Field observation in Taiwan ing the characters and measurements that are cur- also reveals other that Amblyseius species (e.g., A. rently used in phytoseiid species descriptions. We eharai Amitai & Swirski, A. herbicolus (Chant)) feed thus re-described Amblyseius bellatulus adding char- on spider mites and whiteflies. We consider Am- acteristics that were not described in Tseng (1983) blyseius species play an important role in control- and we designated the specimens collected as neo- ling phytophagous mites and small insects. Correct type. These specimens were compared to the ele- identification and type references are thus essential. ments provided in Tseng (1983). In addition, a description of the male (unknown until now) is pro- Naming a neotype to ascertain its identity and vided. noting the conditions required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) for such designation are necessary. Some examples already MATERIALS AND METHODS exist in the Taxonomy history of the family Phyto- seiidae. Duso and Fontana (2001) reported for in- The specimens examined in this study were col- stance well-known controversy regarding the iden- lected from various plants. Specimens were tity of Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini & Fanzago) mounted in Hoyer’s medium; also poor condi- resulting from the loss of type materials. After tion specimens were soaked with water, bleached the original description, many Acarologists subse- by high concentration (50%) H2O2 until the cuticle quently provided controversial descriptions for this color change back to normal condition, rinsed in species on the basis of their specimens. Duso and ethanol (75%) (Yeh et al., 2008), and remounted in Fontana (2001) investigated the type locality and Hoyer’s medium. Specimens examined under an designated a neotype for this species to solve the optical microscope (Olympus BX51), and measured problem. By contrast, Thor (1930) described La- using stage-calibrated ocular micrometers and Im- sioseius (Lasioseius) magnanalis Thor from Svalbard ageJ 1.47 (Schneider et al., 2012). All measure- but did not designate any type materials. Chant ments provided are in micrometers, neotype mea- (1959) moved the species "magnanalis" into fam- surements are shown in bold type followed by their ily Phytoseiidae but he considered this species du- mean and range (in parentheses). The general ter- bious because of the vague original description. minology used for morphological descriptions in Kolodochka and Gwiazdowicz (2014) discussed the this study follows that of Chant and McMurtry fate of Thor’s specimens as all specimens were lost (2007), while for the dorsal and ventral chaeto- after he died. They designated a neotype Neoseiulus taxy we followed Rowell et al. (1978) and Chant magnanalis (Thor) to clarify its identity. and Yoshida-Shaul (1991, 1992); for adenotaxy and poroidotaxy terminology we followed Beard (2001). To collect the species described by Y. H. Tseng, we conducted a survey in entire Taiwan and sur- The neotype and voucher specimens were de- rounding islands. Concurrently, we also tried to posited in the following institutions: ESALQ-USP

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(Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, A. bellatulus to clarify its taxonomic status and pro- Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil) (three fe- vide a complete description. Additionally, as male males), NCHU (Department of Entomology, Na- specimens were not known, we provide male de- tional Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Tai- scription for the first time. wan) (eleven females and one male), NMNS (Na- Description: Female (n= 10). Dorsum (Figure tional Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Tai- 1A) — Idiosomal setal pattern: 10A:9B/JV-3:ZV. wan) (eight females), NTU (Department of Ento- Dorsal shield lightly sclerotized, smooth, with lat- mology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Tai- eral reticulation, 382 384 (353 – 449) long, 202 212 wan) (twenty-five females and two males), NPUST (192 – 250) wide at level of s4, 228 228 (212 – 276) (National Pingtung University of Science and wide at level of S4; with seven pairs of solenos- Technology, Pintung County, Taiwan) (fifteen fe- tomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), ten pairs males), TARI (Taiwan Agricultural Research In- of poroids (id1, id1a, id2, id4, is1, idl1, idl3, idl4, idm5, stitute, Taichung City, Taiwan) (twenty-eight fe- idm6); length of dorsal setae: j1 23 28 (23 – 32), j3 34 males), TARL (Taiwan Acari Research Labora- 40 (34 – 46), j4 5 7 (5 – 13), j5 4 5 (4 – 7), j6 6 7 (4 – 8), tory, Taichung City, Taiwan) (ten females and J2 4 7 (4 – 9), J5 5 6 (4 – 9), z2 11 10 (8 – 11), z4 11 11 one male). If necessary, the locality names (8 – 13), z5 5 6 (4 – 8), Z1 8 8 (7 – 10), Z4 52 52 (47 – were translated using the Geographic Name In- 57), Z5 119 136 (117 – 158), s4 46 49 (43 – 61), S2 10 formation System, Department of Land Ad- 11 (9 – 13), S4 5 8 (5 – 11), S5 6 7 (6 – 9), r3 21 19 (17 ministration, Ministry of the Interior (Taiwan) – 21), R1 13 10 (8 – 13). All setae smooth, except Z4 (http://gn.moi.gov.tw/geonames/Translation/Tra and Z5 slightly serrate. nslation.aspx). The distribution map was pre- Venter (Figure 1B) — Sternal shield smooth, pos- pared using the SimpleMappr program (Short- terior margin almost straight, wider than long, 66 69 house, 2010), based on the label data of examined (62 – 73) long, 87 94 (84 – 114) wide at st3 level, with material in this study. three pairs of setae st1 25 27 (24 – 29), st2 24 24 (21 – 26), st3 23 23 (17 – 26) and two pairs of poroids (pst1, pst2). Metasternal platelets tear-shaped, with TAXONOMY a pair metasternal setae, st4 22 19 (14 – 22), and one Family Phytoseiidae Berlese pair of poroids (pst3). Genital shield smooth, st5 23 Subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma 22 (16 – 26), 77 78 (73 – 96) wide. Distances between Tribe Amblyseiini Muma st1-st1 59 58 (53 – 73), st2- st2 63 63 (59 – 75), st3- st3 Subtribe Amblyseiina Muma 78 74 (67 – 80), st1- st3 63 64 (61 – 74), st5- st5 59 64 Genus Amblyseius Berlese (58 – 73). Ventrianal shield smooth, almost pentag- onal, with slightly waist at JV2 level; 121 131 (121 Amblyseius bellatulus Tseng, 1983 (Figures 1-4) – 151) long, 100 98 (90 – 117) wide at level of ZV2 and 86 90 (84 – 103) wide at level of anus; with three Amblyseius (Amblyseius) bellatulus Tseng, 1983: 38. pairs of pre-anal setae, solenostome gv3 crescentic, Neotype Designation JV1 13 15 (11 – 18), JV2 10 13 (10 – 18), ZV2 9 11 (9 – 14). Setae JV4 11 10 (7 – 11), JV5 45 51 (45 – 61), Amblyseius bellatulus was described by Y. H. ZV1 15 16 (12 – 19), ZV3 9 10 (9 – 11) on interscutal Tseng in 1983 from Mingchien (now Mingjian membrane. All ventral setae smooth. Two metapo- Township), Nantou Hsien on Morus alba. As men- dal plates 18 20 (18 – 23) long, 4 6 (4 – 7) wide, 12 15 tioned in the introduction the mite collection of Y. (12 – 17) long, 2 2 (1 – 3) wide. H. Tseng does not longer exist (BAPHIQ, 2009), according to Article 75.3.4 of the International Code of Peritreme (Figure 1A-B) — Peritreme extending Zoological Nomenclature (International Commis- beyond to j1, peritrematic shield smooth, lightly sion on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999), we here sclerotized, with one pair of solenostome (gd3). designate adult females we collected as neotype of Spermatheca (Figure 1D) — Calyx of spermath-

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FIGURE 1: Amblyseius bellatulus Female: A – Dorsal shield; B – Ventral idiosoma; C – Chelicera; D – Spermatheca.

326 Acarologia 57(2): 323–335 (2017) eca funnel-shaped and atrium well distinct with Peritreme (Figure 3A-B) — Peritreme extending neck, embolus not visible, with a thin major duct. to seta j1 level; peritrematic shield lightly sclerotized, with one pair of solenostome (gd3). Chelicera (Figure 1C) — Movable digit 31 32 (30 – 36) long, with three teeth; fixed digit 27 29 (26 – Chelicera (Figure 3C-D) — Movable digit 21 (21 34), with 10 teeth, pilus dentilis. – 22) long, with one tooth; fixed digit 22 (20 – 24), with 8 teeth, pilus dentilis. Spermatodactyl U- Legs (Figure 2) — Coxal formula 2, 2, 2, 1. shaped, shaft 34 (30 – 37) long, heel rounded, foot 18 Chaetotaxy (femur to basitarsus): leg I, 2-3/1-2/2- (17 – 19) long, with rounded toe and lateral thorn- 2, 2-2/1-2/1-2, 2-2/1-2/1-2, 1-1/1-1; leg II, 2-3/2- like projection. 2/0-1, 2-2/0-2/0-1, 1-1/1-2/1-1, 1-1/1-1; leg III, 1- Legs (Figure 4) — Coxal formula 2, 2, 2, 1. 2/1-1/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-2/1-1/1-1, 1-1/1-1; leg Chaetotaxy (femur to basitarsus): leg I, 2-3/1-2/2- IV, 1-2/1-1/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-1/1-2/0-1, 1-1/1-1. 2, 2-2/1-2/1-2, 2-2/1-2/1-2, 1-1/1-1; leg II, 2-3/2- Macrosetae: Sge II (pd2) 27 29 (26 – 33), Sge III (ad2) 2/0-1, 2-2/0-2/0-1, 1-1/1-2/1-1, 1-1/1-1; leg III, 1- 30 31 (27 – 37), Sge IV (ad2) 50 50 (40 – 59), Sti IV 2/1-1/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-2/1-1/1-1, 1-1/1-1; leg (ad) 45 46 (40 – 51), St IV (pd) 73 73 (66 – 84). IV, 1-2/1-1/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-1/1-2/0-1, 1-1/1-1. Male (n= 2). Dorsum (Figure 3A) — Idiosomal Macrosetae: Sge II (pd2) 20 (19 – 20), Sge III (ad2) 20 setal pattern: 10A:9B/JV-3, 4:ZV-1, 3. Dorsal shield (20 – 20) Sge IV (ad2) 29 (28 – 30), Sti IV (ad) 26 (25 lightly sclerotized, smooth, with lateral reticulation, – 26), St IV (pd) 56 (56 – 56). 264 (248 – 280) long, 178 (161 – 195) wide at level of Material examined — Neotype female: TARI, s4, 138 (127 – 149) wide at level of S4; with seven Wufeng District, Taichung, from Toona sinensis, pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, 17.xii.2001, C. C. Ho (NTU). gd9), ten pairs of poroids (id1, id1a, id2, id4, is1, idl1, Additional material examined — Hualien idl3, idl4, idm5, idm6); length of dorsal setae: j1 20 County, one female from rice leaf sheath, 2.xi.1977, (20 – 2), j3 28 (28 – 29), j4 5.4 (5 – 6), j5 5 (4 – 5), j6 5 K. C. Lo (TARL); Wanfeng Village, Wufeng District, (4 – 6), J2 5 (5 – 5), J5 5 (4 – 6), z2 10 (10 – 11), z4 9 Taichung City, one female from Polygonum perfolia- (8 – 10), z5 4 (4 – 4), Z1 9 (8 – 9), Z4 35 (35 – 35), Z5 tum, 3.ii.1978, C. C. Ho (TARI); Wanfeng Village, 81 (77 – 85), s4 34 (34 – 34), S2 9 (9 – 9), S4 7 (7 – 7), Wufeng District, Taichung City, one female from S5 6 (6 – 6), r3 15 (15 – 16), R1 9 (7 – 11). All setae Bothriochloa ischaemum, 15.ii.1978, C. C. Ho (TARI); smooth, except Z4 and Z5 slightly serrate. Wanfeng Village, Wufeng District, Taichung City, Venter (Figure 3B) — Sternogenital shield one female from mushroom, 15.xii.1981, K. C. Lo smooth, with slightly lateral reticulation, posterior (TARI); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, two margin almost straight, longer than wide 116 (110 females from Zea mays, 18.x.1985, C. C. Ho (TARL); – 123) long, 64 (55 – 73) wide at level st2, with five TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, 17 females pairs of setae st1 18 (16 – 19), st2 18 (16 – 20), st3 16 1 male from Ageratum conyzoides, 22.xi.1985, C. C. (13 – 19), st4 14 (11 – 17), st5 14 (13 – 14) and three Ho (TARI); NPIA, two females from Ageratum cony- pairs of poroids (pst1, pst2, pst3); distance between zoide, 22.xi.1985, C. C. Ho (TARL); Erlin Township, st1-st1 42 (40 – 43), st2-st2 49 (46 – 52), st3-st3 50 (47 Changhua County, one female from Vigna unguicu- – 54), st4-st4 38 (36 – 40), st5-st5 30 (27 – 33), st1-st5 lata, 14.xii.1986, S. M. Yu (NPUST); Mingjian Town- 102 (97 – 106). Ventrianal shield subtriangular, with ship, Nantou County, two females from Ampelop- slightly reticulation, 108 (103 – 114) long, 137 (129 sis brevipedunculata, 24.xii.1985, C. C. Ho (NTU); – 144) wide at level of anterior corner and 61 (61 – TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, one female 62) wide at level of anus, fused with peritrematic from Zea mays, 4.vii.1987, C. C. Ho (TARI); Baihe shield cingulum; with three pairs of pre-anal setae, District, Tainan City, one female from Sambucus for- solenostome gv3 crescentic, JV1 9 (9 – 9), JV2 10 (10 mosana, 23.vi.1988, S. M. Yu (NMNS); TARI, Wufeng – 10), ZV2 8 (8 – 8); JV5 20 (17 – 22) on interscutal District, Taichung City, one female from Ageratum membrane. All ventral setae smooth. houstonianum, 12.x.1988, S. M. Yu (NMNS); TARI,

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FIGURE 2: Amblyseius bellatulus Female: Legs (A – leg I dorso-anterior view; B – leg II dorso-anterior view; C – leg III dorsal view; D – leg IV dorso-anterior view).

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FIGURE 3: Amblyseius bellatulus Male: A – Dorsal shield; B – Ventral idiosoma; C – Chelicera; D – Ventral view of spermatodactyl.

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FIGURE 4: Amblyseius bellatulus Male: Legs (A – leg I dorso-anterior view; B – leg II dorso-posterior view; C – leg III dorso-posterior view; D – leg IV dorso-posterior view).

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Wufeng District, Taichung City, two females from Wufeng District, Taichung City, nine females two Alternanthera sessilis, 17.x.1988, S. M. Yu (NPUST); males from Solanum melongena, 16.vii.1991, C. C. Ho TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, one female (NTU); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, one from Eclipta prostrata, 17.x.1988, S. M. Yu (NMNS); female from Solanum melongena, 23.vii.1991, C. C. TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, nine females Ho (NTU); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, from Polygonum perfoliatum, 17.x.1988, S. M. Yu one female rear from unknown plant, 6.xi.1993, C. (NCHU); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, two C. Ho (NTU); Lucao Township, Chiayi County, one females (MZLQ-7644, 7645) from Arachis hypogaea, female from Lagenaria siceraria soil, 14.viii.2001, C. 17.x.1988, S. M. Yu (ESALQ-USP); TARI, Wufeng C. Ho (NTU); Dayuan District, Taoyuan City, one District, Taichung City, one female (MZLQ-7643) female from Allium fistulosum soil, 25.x.2001, C. C. from unknown plant, 18.x.1988, S. M. Yu (ESALQ- Ho (NTU). USP); Caotun Township, Nantou County, three Remarks — Tseng (1983) described this species females from Psidium guajava, 27.x.1988, S. M. Yu by using a single female specimen collected from (NTU); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, two Mingchien (now Mingjian Township), Nantou females from Ipomoea acuminata, 27.x.1988, S. M. Hsien, on Morus alba. We collected two female Yu (NTU); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, specimens from the type locality on Ampelopsis bre- three females from Zingiber officinale, 2.xi.1988, S. M. vipedunculata, but they were in poor condition. Con- Yu (TARL); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, sequently, the neotype specimen was selected from one female from Monorfiae choartiae, 2.xi.1988, S. among the entire collection depending on the slide M. Yu (TARL); Caotun Township, Nantou County, condition. The neotype locality is Wufeng District, 11 females from Psidium guajava, 2.xi.1988, S. M. Taichung, which is not far from the type locality Yu (NPUST); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung (Figure 5). City, two females from Ageratum houstonianum, 16.xi.1988, S. M. Yu (NTU); TARI, Wufeng District, The females of this species are unique among Taichung City, two females from Ipomoea acumi- the known Amblyseius species from Taiwan be- nata, 24.xi.1988, S. M. Yu (NTU); TARI, Wufeng Dis- cause of the following characters: dorsal shield trict, Taichung City, one female from Rorippa indica, with lateral reticulation, ventrianal shield pentag- 30.xi.1988, S. M. Yu (TARL); TARI, Wufeng District, onal with slightly lateral concaved, calyx of sper- Taichung City, two females one male from Oryza matheca funnel-shaped. A comparison of different sativa, 2.xii.1988, S. M. Yu (NCHU); TARI, Wufeng body measurements among the holotype, neotype, District, Taichung City, one female from Ziziphus and remaining specimens of A. bellatulus is pro- mauritiana, 7.xii.1988, C. C. Ho (TARI); Sanxiantai, vided in Table 1. Most specimens were similar to the Chenggong Township, Taitung County, one male neotype, with little morphological differences. We from Calophyllum inophyllum, 4.iv.1989, C. C. Ho observed only one specimen with a larger body size (TARL); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, one and longer idiosomal setae (e.g. dorsal shield 449 female from Solanum melongena 25.vi.1991, C. C. long, 250 wide). Tseng (1983) reported the chaeto- Ho (NMNS); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, taxy of genu I-IV: 2-2/1-2/1-2, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-2/1- two females from Solanum melongena 4.vi.1991, C. C. 2/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1". We observed the chaetotaxy of Ho (TARI); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung City, leg I-IV and found that the chaetotaxy of genu I-IV one female from Solanum melongena 11.vi.1991, C. differs from the original description: 2-2/1-2/1-2, 2- C. Ho (NMNS); TARI, Wufeng District, Taichung 2/0-2/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1, 1-2/1-2/0-1. With regard to City, three females rear from unknown plant, adenotaxy and poroidotaxy, Tseng (1983) reported 3.vii.1991, C. C. Ho (TARI); TARI, Wufeng District, "at least five pairs of pores on the dorsal shield". On Taichung City, one female from Solanum melongena the basis of his illustration, we observed three pairs 4.vii.1991, C. C. Ho (NPUST); TARI, Wufeng Dis- of solenostomes (gd6, gd8, gd9). In the present study, trict, Taichung City, three females from Solanum we observed seven pairs of solenostomes (gd1, gd2, melongena 6.vii.1991, C. C. Ho (NMNS); TARI, gd4, gd5, gd6, gd8, gd9), and ten pairs of poroids (id1,

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FIGURE 5: The distribution map of Amblyseius bellatulus from Taiwan.

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TABLE 1: Comparisons on measurements1 (µm) of Amblyseius bellatulus between (1) holotype (in Tseng 1983), (2) presently studied neotype and (3) ten females including neotype

1 2 3 Dorsal shield length 331 382 384 (353 – 449) Dorsal shield width 178 202 212 (192 – 250) j1 24 23 28 (23– 32) j3 36 34 40 (34 – 46) j4 5 5 7 (5 – 13) j5 5 4 5 (4 – 7) j6 6 6 7 (4 – 8) J2 6 4 7 (4 – 9) J5 8 5 6 (4 – 9) z2 10 11 10 (8 – 11) z4 10 11 11 (8 – 13) z5 5 5 6 (4 – 8) Z1 6 8 8 (7 – 10) Z4 42 52 52 (47 – 57) Z5 110 119 136 (117 – 157) s4 42 46 49 (43 – 61) S2 11 10 11 (9 – 13) S4 7 5 8 (5 – 11) S5 5 6 7 (6 – 9) r3 18 21 19 (17 – 21) R1 10 13 10 (8 – 13) Ventrianal shield length 106 121 131 (121 – 151) Ventrianal shield width 81 100 98 (90 – 117) metapodal shield (primary plate) 21 18 20 (18 – 23) metapodal shield (accessory plate) – 12 15 (12 – 17) Sge IV 43 50 50 (40 – 59) Sti IV 38 45 46 (40 – 51) St IV 60 73 73 (66 – 84)

1 Only dorsal setae were compared as Tseng (1983) only measured dorsal setae. id1a, id2, id4, is1, idl1, idl3, idl4, idm5, idm6). The dif- imen was collected from northern Taiwan and an- ferences between the reported and observed adeno- other from eastern Taiwan. Therefore, this species taxy and poroidotaxy may be due to the quality of may be more widely distributed than is evident microscopes. from the collection. We also observed A. bellatulus By comparing the collection records of this A. occurred on various plants, although these mites bellatulus, we observed that this species was mostly mostly inhabit weeds, they also inhabit some eco- collected from central Taiwan; however, one spec- nomically valuable plants (e.g., corn plants, egg-

333 Liao J.-R. et al. plants, and guava). Ho and Chen (2001) reported Chant D.A. Yoshida-Shaul E. 1992 — Adult idioso- that A. bellatulus could prey on melon thrips (Thrips mal setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: palmi) in the field. Therefore, we consider A. bellatu- Gamasina). Int. J. Acarol., 18, 177-193. doi:10.1080/01647959208683949 lus need further experiments for confirmation of the Demite P.R., Moraes G.J. de, McMurtry J.A., Den- biocontrol potential. mark H.A., Castilho R. de C. 2015 — Phytosei- idae Database [Internet] — [20 Oct 2015]. Brazil: ESALQ/USP; [5 Mar 2015]. Available from: CKNOWLEDGEMENTS A http://www.lea.esalq.usp.br/phytoseiidae We would like to thank H. T. Shih (TARI, Taiwan) Duso C., Fontana P. 2002 — On the identity of Phytoseius plumifer providing equipment and useful advises for illus- (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1876) (Acari: Phyto- seiidae) — Acarologia, 42: 127-136. trations. We thank Y. N. Lee (NTU, Taiwan) for Ehara S. 1970 — Phytoseiid mites from Taiwan — Mushi, digital illustration, A. K. Dubey (FRI, India), M. J. 43: 55-63. Yang (NCYU, Taiwan), M. Y. Tsai (TFRI, Taiwan), J. Ho C. C., Chen W.H. 2001 — Life history and feeding F. Hsieh, M. J. Chiu, Y. Hsiao (NTU, Taiwan), S. F. amount of Amblyseius asetus and A. maai (Acari: Phy- Lin (NCHU, Taiwan) for their valuable suggestions. toseiidae) on Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) We are also thankful to Dr. G. J. de Moraes (ESALQ- — Formosan Entomol., 21: 321-328. USP, Brazil) and Dr. G. A. Evans (USDA, USA) Ho C.C., Lo K.C. 1989 — Contribution to the knowledge for their encouragement to the first author. Thanks of the genus Paraphytoseius Swirski and Shechter (Aca- rina: Phytoseiidae) in Taiwan — J. Agric. Res. China, are extended to anonymous reviewers for help in 38: 88-99. improving the manuscript, to M. Andrews and Y. Ho C.C., Shih H.T., Chen W.H. 2003 — Eight phytoseiid Sanyang for English editing of the draft. The study mites from the Matsu Island — Plant Pro. Bull., 45: is supported by a grant (MOST105-2621-B-002-002- 145-154. MY3) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature Taiwan. 1999 — International code of zoological nomenclature, fourth edition — London: Int. Trust Zool. Nomencl. pp. 306. REFERENCES Kolodochka L.A., Gwiazdowicz D.J. 2014 — A new species of predaceous mite of the genus Neoseiu- BAPHIQ. 2009 — Profile, Yi-Hsiung Tseng — BAPHIQ Q., lus Hughes (Acari, Phytoseiidae), with redescriptions 21: 78-81. of N. magnanalis (Thor) and N. ellesmerei (Chant & Beard J.J. 2001 — A review of Australian Neoseiulus Hansell), from Svalbard, High Arctic. — Zootaxa, Hughes and Typhlodromips de Leon (Acari: Phytosei- 3793: 441-452. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3793.4.3 idae : Amblyseiinae) — Inv. Taxon., 15: 73-158. Liao J.R., Ho C.C., Ko C.C. 2013 — Checklist of Phytosei- doi:10.1071/IT99017 idae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from Taiwan. — Formosan Chang H.Y., Tseng Y.H. 1978 — A field survey of Phyto- Entomol., 33: 67-90. seiid mites of tropical orchards in Southern Taiwan — Lo K.C. 1970 — Phytoseiid mites from Taiwan (I). — Sun Plant Pro. Bull., 20: 338-345. Yatsen Cult. Found. Bull., 5: 47-62. Chant, D.A. 1959 — Phytoseiid mites (Acarina: Phytosei- McMurtry J.A., Moraes G.J.de, Sourassou N.F. 2013 — idae). Part I. Bionomics of seven species in Southeast- Revision of the lifestyles of phytoseiid mites (Acari: ern England. Part II. A taxonomic review of the fam- Phytoseiidae) and implications for biological control ily Phytoseiidae, with description of 38 new species — strategies. Syst. Appl. Acarol., 18: 297-320. Can. Entomol. Suppl., 12: 1-164. doi:10.11158/saa.18.4.1 Chant D.A., McMurtry J.A. 2007 — Illustrated keys and Rowell H.J., Chant D.A., Hansell R.I.C. 1978 — De- diagnoses for the genera and subgenera of the Phy- termination of setal homologies and setal patterns toseiidae of the World (Acari: Mesostigmata) — West on dorsal shield in family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Bloomfield: Indira Publication House. pp. 220. Mesostigmata) — Can. Entomol., 110: 859-876. Chant D.A., Yoshida-Shaul E. 1991 — Adult ventral doi:10.4039/Ent110859-8 setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Schneider C.A., Rasband W.S., Eliceiri K.W. 2012 — NIH Gamasina). Int. J. Acarol., 17: 187-199. Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis — Nat. doi:10.1080/01647959108683906 Methods, 9: 671-675. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2089

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