DOCSLIB.ORG

Post Natal Development of Caprine Tubal Tonsil: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Electronmicroscopical Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post Natal Development of Caprine Tubal Tonsil: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Electronmicroscopical Studies Available online at www.ijpab.com Choudhary et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6 (3): 596-601 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 ISSN: 2320 – 7051 Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6 (3): 596-601 (2018) Research Article Post natal development of Caprine Tubal Tonsil: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Electronmicroscopical Studies Ratnesh Kumar Choudhary1*, P. Das2 and R. K. Ghosh2 1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kishanganj-855107, Bihar 2Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, 37, K. B. Sarani, Kolkata 700037 *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 22.08.2018 | Revised: 10.09.2018 | Accepted: 17.09.2018 ABSTRACT Tubal tonsil was found along the margin and around the associated flap of the slit like pharyngeal opening on either side the eustachian tube. In the caprine tubular tonsil several crypts were found. The frequency of CD4 and CD8+ cells proportionally were increased according to advancement of age but maximum cellular aggregation was noticed from 3rd month onward. IgM positive cells were mostly located towards the central portion of the follicle. APCs were identified immunohistochemically near the epithelium, parafollicular region, interfollicular region and also at the centre of the follicle. Transmission electron microscopy of the tonsillar crypt revealed the presence of epithelial cells with low microvillus. M cells were isolated with eccentric nucleus, numerous oval to elongated mitochondria which were predominant at the supra nuclear area. Key words: Caprine, Tubal Tonsil, Post natal, Immunohistochemical INTRODUCTION lymphocytes3. The tubal tonsil of the horse Tubal tonsil is a nodular aggregation of surrounds the pharyngeal opening of the lymphoid tissue, present in the mucosa of the Eustachian tube and is lined by orifice of the auditory tube. Tonsils and pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium adenoids are strategically located in interspersed with areas of follicle associated waldeyer’s ring as effector organ of local epithelium (FAE) heavily infiltrated by systemic and mucosal adaptive immune to lymphocytes but devoid of goblet and ciliated airborne and alimentary antigens1. The mucosa cells5. The tubal tonsils are composed of of the medial nasopharyngeal part of the individual lymphoid nodules with lymphoid auditory tube contained several primary and follicles containing B lymphocytes and secondary lymph nodules, whereas the lateral Follicular Dendritic Cell (FDC), parafollicular mucosa contained less and mostly diffuse areas containing CD4+, CD8+ and γδ T lymphoid tissue. The epitheliums covering the lymphocytes and dome-like accumulation of lymphoid tissue are sometimes infiltrated by lymphocytes7. Cite this article: Choudhary, R.K., Das, P. and Ghosh, R. K., Post natal development of Caprine Tubal Tonsil: Histological, Immunohistochemical and Electronmicroscopical Studies, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6(3): 596-601 (2018). Copyright © October, 2018; IJPAB 596 Choudhary et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6 (3): 596-601 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 The lymphoepithelium (LE) with a mixture of The different lymphocyte subpopulations were ciliated and microvillous bearing cells visualized using the avidin-biotin peroxidase interpreted to be M cells occurs in the center complex technique (ABC; Vector of the epithelium above domes7. The tubal Laboratories, U.S.A). Paraffin-embedded tonsil of the horse are microvillous cells and samples were dewaxed with xylene and cells with features characteristic of M cells hydrated. Then dip into antigen unmasking such as reduced microvilli or depressed bare (Vector Laboratories, U.S.A) solution for 15 surface, more numerous mitochondria, small min at 95°C. After washing the slides in PBS vesicles and lysosomes, as well as vimentin for 5 min, the samples were pre-treated with filaments and epitopes. M cells are also normal rabbit serum (Dako, denmark) diluted identified in areas of respiratory epithelium not 1:100 in PBS for 60 min at room temperature associated with lymphoid follicles5. The to block the non-specific binding sites. They present study is explores the post natal were then incubated with the ready-to-use of development of caprine Tubal Tonsil and its each primary antibody (Table 1) in a moist histological, immunohistochemical and chamber for 120 min at room temperature. ultrastructure features. Next, the slides were again washed in PBS and then incubated with a biotinylated rabbit MATERIAL AND METHODS antimouse IgG or horse antirabbit IgG (Vector Tubal tonsil were collected from clinically Laboratories, U.S.A) according to primary healthy zero day and month wise from one antibody diluted 1:250 for 60 min. Before month to fifth months old Black Bengal goats being washed in PBS and incubated again with (Capra hircus) from the farm maintained by ABC for 40 min, according to the instructions ® AICRP (All India Coordinate Research project of the maker (Vectastain ABC Elit Kit, ) on goat. The animals were maintained in the Vectror Laboratories). Color was developed by farm house according to the stipulated a final incubation with 3.3’ diaminobenzidine guideline and permission of Institutional tetrahydrochloride (DAB, Peroxidase substrate Animal Ethical committee of faculty of kit Vector Laboratories) in buffer with Veterinary and Animal sciences; West Bengal hydrogen peroxide in distilled water for 5 min at room temperature. The reaction was stopped University of Animal and fishery Sciences, by rinsing the slides in water. The some slides Kolkata. Two goats of either sex were utilized were counterstained with haematoxylin, for this experiment in each age group. The dehydrated and mounted. Most slides were samples were harvested from mucosa of the mounted without counterstain. auditory tube near the orifice and were fixed in Tissue samples for electron 10 per cent neutral buffered formalin. The microscopy were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde fixed samples were processed for paraffin in PBS (0.1M; pH7.0). The standard protocol sections and routine staining was done as per was followed for TEM (Transmission electron Luna, 1968. microscopy) and SEM (Scanning electron For immunohistochemical microscopy). The present study was carried examination the collected samples were fixed out partly in the department of Anatomy, in 10 % neutral buffer formalin (NBF) and Histology and Embryology, West Bengal were dehydrated through graded alcohols University of Animal and Fishery Sciences before being embedded in paraffin wax. The and partly at Electron- Microscopic facility, sections (horizontal & Vertical) of 5m All India Institute of Medical Science, Ansari thickness were obtained from each specimen. Nagar New Delhi. Table 1. Primary Antibodies (ready- to- use) used in the Immunohistochemical Technique Antibodies Specificity Isotype Supplier 4B12 CD4* IgG1 Dako Denmark C8/144B CD8* IgG1 Dako Denmark IgM** Dako Denmark TB01 CD57* IgM Dako Denmark *Monoclonal Antibody, **Polyclonal Antibody Copyright © October, 2018; IJPAB 597 Choudhary et al Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. SPI: 6 (3): 596-601 (2018) ISSN: 2320 – 7051 RESULTS Lymphoid tissue and loose irregular Histological study connective tissue formed by sparsely Tubal tonsil was found along the margin and distributed reticular and collagen fibres were around the associated flap of the slit like scattered throughout sub epithelial lamina pharyngeal opening on either side the propria mucosae. It was observed that tonsil eustachian tube right from the day old age till was composed of lymphoid follicles; glandular the 5th months of age (Fig.1). The tonsillar acini’s and dense connective tissue network surface was lined by stratified squamous non (Fig. 3). The lymphoid follicle was distributed keratinized epithelium with numerous folds scatteredly. At birth the lymphoid follicle was (Fig. 2). The thickness of epithelium was made less and the number increased gradually. The up of 12- 14 layers of cellular aggregations. follicles were mostly filled up with The epithelium was comprised of stratum lymphocytes beside the macrophages, basale, spinosum and superficiale. The cell of follicular dendritic cells and plasma cells (Fig. stratum basale was rested on a uniform 6 & 7). Lymphocytes were also observed basement membrane. The nucleus was oval to within the interfollicular zone. Glandular elongate in outline and was strongly basophilic tissue was also observed and glands were and the cytoplasm was lightly eosinophilic. An mostly mucous secreting glands. appreciable number of cellular rows of lightly Immmunohistochemistry basophilic nuclei of varied shape formed the Immmunohistochemistry was conducted for next layer that was stratum spinosum. At the identification of CD4 and CD8 positive cells stratum superficiale the size of the nuclei were in the tubal tonsils. Both CD4 and CD8 smaller as compared to the previous layer and positive cells were identified in the epithelium, was found mostly round to oval, vacuolated lamina propria, parafollicular region and in the towards the surface. Their cytoplasm was interfollicular zone (Fig. 8 - 9). The CD4 cells eosinophilic and finally granular. The nuclei of were predominant in the parafollicular area as the later part of the stratum superficiale were compared to the CD8 cells. The population of mostly elongated, basophilic revealed CD4 and CD8 positive cells was almost same picknosis towards their free surfaces and in the interfollicular area and the epithelium. chromatin material
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Innate-, Adaptive- and Natural Immunity
    Basic Immunology (Dentistry) Lecture 1. Introduction, phylogenesis of the immune system (innate-, adaptive- and natural immunity). Ferenc Boldizsar MD, PhD Introducing the subject 1. • Please follow our website www.immbio.hu through the whole semester for up-to-date informations about our education. • Student preparation and learning will be controlled with the help of the www.medtraining.eu website. At the beginning of the semester all students will be registered automatically with their specific neptun codes. After activation you will use this platform for completing the weekly tests as well as the exam test. Login Name: neptun code Password: neptun code Introducing the subject 2. • 2 lectures / week (preparation of own lecture notes!) Name list will be led every week. Maximum 3 absences allowed! • Lecture tests: quick tests at the beginning of the lectures (first 10 minutes) from the previous week’s lectures (2 randomized test questions in medtraining system). 12 tests for 2 points for a max. of 24 points. For the acceptance of the semester a min. of 50% (12 points) must be collected. Points above 12 will be added to the exam test points. • Exam: online test exam in medtraining system from the lectures. Evaluation: minimum level: 66%; satisfactory 66- 71%, average 72- 77%, good 78-83%, excellent 84% • Website: www.immbio.hu University of Pécs, Medical School, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology Director: Prof. Dr. Timea Berki Address: 7624, Pécs, Szigeti út 12.; Tel.: 06-72-536- 288; Fax.:06-72- 536-289 Dr. Ferenc Dr. Péter www.immbio.hu Boldizsár Engelmann Introducing the subject 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Vicissitude of Curetted Adenoid Vegetations
    International Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2013, 4, 251-256 251 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2013.45044 Published Online May 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijcm) Vicissitude of Curetted Adenoid Vegetations Susumu Mukai Otorhinolaryngology, Mukai Clinic, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan. Email: [email protected] Received January 23rd, 2013; revised March 20th, 2013; accepted April 28th, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Susumu Mukai. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Weights of curetted adenoid were measured and were compared with both weights of tonsils and the rate of adenoidec- tomy among the tonsillectomized cases. This study included 603 patients whose adenoids were curetted during the 11-year period. 90% of patients were 2 to 9 years old. The rate of curetted adenoid vegetation among the tonsillec- tomized cases was 80% among patients from 1 to 6 years old and 70% among patients of 7 and 8 years old. The rate remarkably decreased from 9 years of age. The average weight of the curetted adenoids in each age group ranged from 0.7 g to 1.9 g. There was no statistical correlation in the distribution of the average weight of the curetted adenoids be- tween males and females as well as between the weight of the tonsils and the weight of the curetted adenoids. A hy- pothesis on the cause of adenoid hypertrophy was presented in this study. Keywords: Adenoid; Choanae; Sunusitis; Choanal Development; Ankyloglossia with Deviation of the Epiglottis and Larynx (ADEL) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Adenoidectomy and Adenotonsillectomy on the Components of Waldeyer Ring
    International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Bhat VK et al. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 Apr;3(2):290-297 http://www.ijorl.com pISSN 2454-5929 | eISSN 2454-5937 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171180 Original Research Article Effects of adenoidectomy and adenotonsillectomy on the components of Waldeyer ring Vikram K. Bhat*, Deekshith Shetty, Preetham H. Nagaiah Department of ENT, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubli, India Received: 30 November 2016 Revised: 23 December 2016 Accepted: 26 December 2016 *Correspondence: Dr. Vikram K. Bhat, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background: The consolidated effects of adenoidectomy alone and adenotonsillectomy on the Waldeyer ring need to be studied in children. Methods: This was a clinical trial with a sample size of 100 in each of the two arms [Group A: adenoidectomy alone, Group B: adenotonsillectomy]. Results: It was found that the association between adenoid recurrence (Risk 3 times) and palatine tonsil hypertrophy (Risk 11 times) in Group A patients at 3 and 6 months was extremely significant. Whereas lingual tonsil hypertrophy was found to be highly associated with Group B. Conclusions: If adenoidectomy alone is performed, there are high chances of hypertrophy of palatine tonsils, lateral pharyngeal bands and a high risk of adenoid recurrence.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nine Weeks Course: Human Anatomy and Physiology Grades 10-12
    Huntsville City Schools 2017-2018 Pacing Guide – First Nine Weeks Course: Human Anatomy and Physiology Grades 10-12 First Nine Weeks Key Terms: Standard 1: Anatomy, physiology Regional Terms: know all terms listed on Figure 1.7 & Figure 1.12 Directional Terms: know all terms listed on Table 1.1, including anatomical position Planes: know all terms listed on Figure 1.8, including parasagittal, and cross section Cavities: know all terms listed on Figure 1.9, including viscera, serosa, parietal serosa, visceral serosa, serous fluid Standard 2: Tissue, histology Epithelial Tissue: refer to Figure 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.6, including epithelial tissue, apical surface, basal surface, microvilli, avascular, innervated, simple epithelia, stratified epithelia, squamous cells, cuboidal cells, columnar cells, pseudostratified columnar epithelium, transitional epithelium, gland, secretion, goblet cell, mucin, merocrine glands, holocrine glands Connective Tissue: refer to Table 4.1, Figure 4.8, including connective tissue, ground substance, matrix, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers, white blood cells, mast cells, macrophages, connective tissue proper, loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue (regular), dense connective tissue (irregular), dense connective tissue (elastic), areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue, stroma, elastic connective tissue, cartilage, hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, bone, blood Muscle Tissue: refer to Figure 4.9, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle,
    [Show full text]
  • Histology and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Tubal Tonsil of Goats
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.8/August-2015/11.pdf Open Access Histology and scanning electron microscopy of the tubal tonsil of goats V. R. Indu1, K. M. Lucy1, J. J. Chungath1, N. Ashok1 and S. Maya2 1. Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, India; 2. Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Kerala, India. Corresponding author: V. R. Indu, e-mail: [email protected], KML: [email protected], JJC: [email protected], NA: [email protected], SM: [email protected] Received: 14-05-2015, Revised: 17-07-2015, Accepted: 24-07-2015, Published online: 25-08-2015 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1011-1014 How to cite this article: Indu VR, Lucy KM, Chungath JJ, Ashok N, Maya S (2015) Histology and scanning electron microscopy of the tubal tonsil of goats, Veterinary World 8(8): 1011-1014. Abstract Aim: To observe the light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the caprine tubal tonsil. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on six crossbred male goats of 6 months of age. From the median sections of the head, tissue pieces from the nasopharynx around the auditory tube were collected and fixed for histology and SEM. Results: Tonsillar lymphoid tissue was located in the nasopharynx ventral to the auditory tube opening in the lateral wall of the pharynx. The height of the surface epithelium of the tubal tonsil measured 80.17±1.08 μm and was a pseudostratified ciliated columnar type with basal, supporting, and goblet cells.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tonsils Revisited: Review of the Anatomical Localization and Histological Characteristics of the Tonsils of Domestic and Laboratory Animals
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Clinical and Developmental Immunology Volume 2011, Article ID 472460, 14 pages doi:10.1155/2011/472460 Review Article The Tonsils Revisited: Review of the Anatomical Localization and Histological Characteristics of the Tonsils of Domestic and Laboratory Animals Christophe Casteleyn, Sofie Breugelmans, Paul Simoens, and Wim Van den Broeck Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium Correspondence should be addressed to Christophe Casteleyn, [email protected] Received 30 December 2010; Accepted 9 June 2011 Academic Editor: Enrico Maggi Copyright © 2011 Christophe Casteleyn et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. Anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. Six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. Only in the sheep and goat, all six tonsils are present. Proper tonsils are absent in the rat, and pigeon. In the rabbit, only the palatine tonsils can be noticed, whereas the pig does not present palatine tonsils. The paraepiglottic tonsils lack in the ox, horse, and dog. In addition, the dog and cat are devoid of the tubal tonsil and the tonsil of the soft palate.
    [Show full text]
  • GLOSSARY of HISTOLOGICAL & MICRO-ANATOMICAL TERMS
    GLOSSARY of HISTOLOGICAL & MICRO-ANATOMICAL TERMS Abbreviations: ( ) plural form in brackets • A. Arabic abb. abbreviation • c. circa (= about) • F. French adj. adjective • G. Greek • Ge. German cf. compare • L. Latin dim. diminutive • NA. Nomina anatomica q.v. which see • OF. Old French A-band abb. of anisotropic band G. anisos = unequal + tropos = turning; meaning having not equal properties in every direction; transverse bands in living skeletal muscle which rotate the plane of polarised light, cf. I-band. Abbé, Ernst. 1840-1905. German physicist; mathematical analysis of optics as a basis for constructing better microscopes; devised oil immersion lens; Abbé condenser. absorption L. absorbere = to suck up. acervulus L. = sand, gritty; brain sand (cf. psammoma body). acetylcholine an ester of choline found in many tissue, synapses & neuromuscular junctions, where it is a neural transmitter. acetylcholinesterase enzyme at motor end-plate responsible for rapid destruction of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. acidophilic adj. L. acidus = sour + G. philein = to love; affinity for an acidic dye, such as eosin staining cytoplasmic proteins. acinus (-i) L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar). acrosome G. akron = extremity + soma = body; head of spermatozoon. actin polymer protein filament found in the intracellular cytoskeleton, particularly in the thin (I-) bands of striated muscle. adenohypophysis G. ade = an acorn + hypophyses = an undergrowth; anterior lobe of hypophysis (cf. pituitary). adenoid G. " + -oeides = in form of; in the form of a gland, glandular; the pharyngeal tonsil. adipocyte L. adeps = fat (of an animal) + G. kytos = a container; cells responsible for storage and metabolism of lipids, found in white fat and brown fat.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharyngeal Pouches
    Pharyngeal Arches Revisited and the 10. PHARYNGEAL POUCHES Letty Moss-Salentijn DDS, PhD Dr. Edwin S.Robinson Professor of Dentistry (in Anatomy and Cell Biology) E-mail: [email protected] READING ASSIGNMENT: Larsen 3rd edition: p.352; pp. 371-378; pp. 393 bottom-398 SUMMARY: The transient structures that are known as pharyngeal grooves and pharyngeal pouches disappear toward the end of the embryonic period. The first pharyngeal groove will give rise to the external auditory meatus of the adult ear. The other three grooves will disappear without having any further role in the development of adult structures. The pharyngeal pouches develop into a series of structures that include the pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity, palatine tonsil, thymus, the four parathyroid glands, and the ultimobranchial bodies of the thyroid gland. The related development of the external ear by contributions of the first and second pharyngeal arches is reviewed, as is the development of the tongue, which is formed by contributions from the first through fourth arches. Finally, the development of the thyroid gland, which is spatially related to the derivatives of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, is discussed briefly. LEARNING OBJECTIVES You should be able to: a. List the derivatives of the first pharyngeal groove and describe the pattern of obliteration of pharyngeal grooves 2-4. b. List the derivatives of the different pharyngeal pouches. c. Describe briefly the development of the external and middle ear. d. List the different swellings and explain the process of merging of these swellings in the development of external ear and tongue. You should be able to list the pharyngeal arches that contribute to these swellings.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on the Tubal Tonsil in Goats and Pigs
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(11): 2000-2004 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 11 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.237 A Comparative Study on the Tubal Tonsil in Goats and Pigs V. R. Indu1*, K. M. Lucy1, K. S. Prashanth Kumar2, N. Ashok1 and S. Maya1 1Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India 2Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT A comparative study was conducted on the tubal tonsil of six adult male crossbred goats and Large White Yorkshire pigs. Macroscopically the tubal tonsil were found in the nasopharynx, caudal to and around the openings of the auditory tubes as a thick raised mass of small nodules 4 to 5 cm in length in the pigs while in goats the small nodules were K e yw or ds seen scattered. In histological sections the tubal tonsil in goats and pigs were lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Surface of the tubal tonsil showed folds and Pigs, Goats, invaginations which formed crypts where, the epithelium was modified into follicle- Histology, associated epithelium (FAE), also called lympho-epithelium. There was no significant Morphology, Tubal difference in the height of crypt epithelium between both the groups of animals used in the tonsil present study. Propria-submucosa was filled with primary and secondary lymphoid nodules and diffuses lymphoid tissue arranged as crypto-lymphatic units (CLU) and Article Info tonsillar nodules in the superficial lamina propria.
    [Show full text]
  • Tubal Tonsil Hypertrophy a Cause of Recurrent Symptoms After Adenoidectomy
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE Tubal Tonsil Hypertrophy A Cause of Recurrent Symptoms After Adenoidectomy Kevin S. Emerick, MD; Michael J. Cunningham, MD Objectives: To assess the incidence of symptomatic tubal was 7 years 2 months, at an average time interval of 4 years tonsil hypertrophy (TTH) after adenoidectomy and to 2 months after adenoidectomy. The comparative incidence attempt to differentiate the clinicoradiographic presenta- of recurrent or residual adenoid was 54%. The symptom- tion of TTH from that of recurrent or residual adenoid. atic manifestations of TTH included nasal obstruction, ob- Design: Retrospective case series review. structive sleep disorder, rhinosinusitis, recurrent otitis me- dia,andotitismediawitheffusion.Preoperativeradiographic Setting: Pediatric otolaryngology practice in a tertiary evaluation was not useful in distinguishing TTH from re- care hospital. current or residual adenoid; nasopharyngoscopy appears to Patients: The charts of all patients scheduled to undergo have better diagnostic potential. Thermal ablation with suc- revision adenoidectomy or nasopharyngeal examination tion cautery was therapeutically effective. under anesthesia over a 5-year period in 1 pediatric oto- Conclusions: Tubal tonsil hypertrophy is a significant clini- laryngologist’s practice were reviewed. cal entity as a cause of recurrent symptoms after adenoid- Main Outcome Measure: Presence of TTH in patients ectomy. The study patients demonstrated the entire spec- with recurrent symptoms after previous adenoidectomy. trum of signs and symptoms seen in patients with adenoid hypertrophy. Operative nasopharyngeal examination is Results: Forty-two patients were identified, 24 of whom required to definitively distinguish TTH from recurrent or satisfied the established criteria of recurrent symptoms af- residual adenoid. terpreviousadenoidectomy.Ten(42%)ofthesepatientswere identified as having TTH.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Aspects of Camel Immune System and Immune Responses
    Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 11, 177-211 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ojvm ISSN Online: 2165-3364 ISSN Print: 2165-3356 Selected Aspects of Camel Immune System and Immune Responses Saeed Y. Al Ramadan1*, Kazem T. Al-Mohammed Salem2, Ibrahim H. Alshubaith3, Ahmed M. Al-Ali4, Salah Abohelaika5, Mohammed S. Moqbel1, Ahmed M. Alluwaimi6 1Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia 2Animal Resources Management, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia 3Environmental Health Department, Al-Ahsaa Municipality, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia 4Central Biotechnology Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia 5Clinical Pharmacology Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia 6Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia How to cite this paper: Al Ramadan, S.Y., Abstract Al-Mohammed Salem, K.T., Alshubaith, I.H., Al-Ali, A.M., Abohelaika, S., Moqbel, The camel economy is of considerable importance for arid countries. In the M.S. and Alluwaimi, A.M. (2021) Selected last decade, studies about camel immune system and immune responses have Aspects of Camel Immune System and recorded increasing interest. However, drawing a comprehensive picture of Immune Responses. Open Journal of Vete- rinary Medicine, 11, 177-211. the camel immune system remains far from reached. A major part of this re- https://doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2021.116013 view is to cover the studies of the primary and secondary immune organs and the markers of the camel immune cells and certain lymphoid tissues.
    [Show full text]
  • Prenatal Development of Palatine Tonsil in Sheep (Ovis Aries)
    Original article http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.073414 Prenatal development of palatine tonsil in sheep (Ovis aries) RAJU, N. K. B.1*, RAMESH, G.2, BASHA, S. H.2 and USHAKUMARY, S.2 1Departament of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati - 517 502, Chittoor (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India 2Departament of Veterinary Anatomy, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamilnadu, India *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Introduction: The palatine tonsil play a key role in initiating immune responses against the antigenic material entering the mouth. Materials and Methods: Tissue pieces of oropharynx for the palatine tonsilwere collected from different prenatal age groups of sheep. These tissue pieces were fixed and processed for routine paraffin embedding technique to get 3-5µm thick sections. The paraffin sections were subjected to routine haematoxylin and eosin and some other special staining methods. Results: In three months foetal age of sheep, the palatine tonsils appeared as diffused lymphocytic infiltration in the propria submucosa overlaid by the mucosa of the oropharynx. The surface epithelium of the mucosa of the oropharynx formed primary crypts. The primary crypts in turn invaginated to form secondary crypts. The collagen fibres from the submucosa appeared to enter at the base of the developing tonsil. In the fourth month of foetus, the tonsillar surface epithelium became thicker and many crypts arose from that of primary crypts. Organized lymphocytic infiltration as isolated units was noticed near or around the secondary crypts. In five months of foetal age, the crypt epithelium was found to be infiltrated with lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and mesenchymal cells.
    [Show full text]