DOCSLIB.ORG

Detection of Schistosoma Spindale Ova and Associated Risk Factors Among Malaysian Cattle Through Coprological Survey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Detection of Schistosoma Spindale Ova and Associated Risk Factors Among Malaysian Cattle Through Coprological Survey Title Detection of Schistosoma spindale ova and associated risk factors among Malaysian cattle through coprological survey Tan, Tiong Kai; Low, Van Lun; Lee, Soo Ching; Panchadcharam, Chandrawathani; Kho, Kai Ling; Koh, Fui Xian; Author(s) Sharma, Reuben Sunil Kumar; Jaafar, Tariq; Lim, Yvonne Ai Lian Citation Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research, 63(2), 63-71 Issue Date 2015-05 DOI 10.14943/jjvr.63.2.63 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/59302 Type bulletin (article) File Information Tiong Kai Tan.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 63(2): 63-71, 2015 FULL PAPER Detection of Schistosoma spindale ova and associated risk factors among Malaysian cattle through coprological survey Tiong Kai Tan1), Van Lun Low2), Soo Ching Lee1), Chandrawathani Panchadcharam3), Sun Tee Tay4), Romano Ngui1), Premaalatha Bathmanaban3), Kai Ling Kho4), Fui Xian Koh4), Reuben Sunil Kumar Sharma5), Tariq Jaafar6), Quaza Nizamuddin Hassan Nizam6) and Yvonne Ai Lian Lim1)＊ 1) Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2) Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3) Veterinary Research Institute, 59, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia 4) Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5) Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 6) Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Center, 62630 Putrajaya, Malaysia Received for publication, November 28, 2014; accepted, March 24, 2015 Abstract The present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of Schistosoma spindale ova and its associated risk factors in Malaysian cattle through a coprological survey. A total of 266 rectal fecal samples were collected from six farms in Peninsular Malaysia. The overall infection rate of S. spindale was 6% (16 of 266). Schistosoma spindale infection was observed in two farms, with a prevalence of 5.4% and 51.9%, respectively. This trematode was more likely to co-occur with other gastro-intestinal parasites (i.e., Dicrocoelium spp., Paramphistomum spp., strongyle, Eimeria spp. and Entamoeba spp.). Chi-square analysis revealed that female cattle are less likely to get S. spindale infection as compared to male cattle (OR ＝ 0.3; 95% CI ＝ 0.08-1.06; p ＜ 0.05), and cattle weighing lower than 200 kg, were significantly at higher risk than those higher than 200 kg (OR ＝ 5; 95% CI ＝ 1.07-24.79; p ＜ 0.05) to the infection. Multivariate analysis confirmed that among the cattle in Malaysia, the age (cattle with two year old and higher: OR ＝ 21; 95% CI ＝ 2.48-179.44; p ＜ 0.05) and weight (weighing 200 kg and lower: OR ＝ 17; 95% CI ＝ 3.38-87.19; p ＜ 0.05) *Corresponding author: Yvonne Ai Lian Lim, Ph.D., Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone: +603-7967-4748. Fax: +603-7967-4754. E-mail: [email protected] doi: 10.14943/jjvr.63.2.63 64 Schistosoma spindale in Malaysian cattle were risk factors for S. spindale infection among Malaysian cattle. Key Words: Schistosoma spindale, ova, formalin-ether concentration technique, risk factors, Malaysian cattle Introduction it is not feasible to diagnose Schistosoma infection by means of slaughtering. Fecal examination (i.e., Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by formalin-ether concentration technique) could parasitic flukes of the genus Schistosoma. These therefore be the alternative way to detect a wide parasites have been estimated to infect 700 range of gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites from million cattle worldwide, with more than 165 protozoan (oo)cysts to helminth ova. The aims of million cattle affected in the regions of Africa this study were (1) to detect Schistosoma ova in and Asia8). To date, a total of 10 Schistosoma cattle fecal samples by the formalin-ether species are infectious to cattle. Schistosoma concentration technique; (2) to determine the spindale, Schistosoma indicum, Schistosoma co-occurrence of Schistosoma spp. with other nasale and Schistosoma japonicum are the most intestinal parasites (protozoa or helminthes); and common species infecting cattle in Asia8,18). With (3) to determine the risk factors associated with the exception of S. nasale which inhabit the veins schistosome infection in Malaysian cattle. of nasal mucosa, the rest of the mentioned species inhabit the mesenteric veins (i.e., S. spindale), portal veins, urogenital veins and may Material and methods cause several clinical signs such as diarrhea (sometimes with blood traces and mucoserous Ethical consideration: The study protocol was secretion), anemia, edema, excessive thirst, approved by the Ethics Committee of the anorexia and emaciation3,18). University Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia Schistosomes are prevalent and widely (MED Ref. No. 896.36). Permission for the study distributed among animals in Asia18,22,24).The to be conducted on animal farms was obtained prevalence of Schistosoma infections in cattle from owners prior to sample collection. ranged from 0.2% in Thailand to 72.7% in India19,23). In Malaysia, there has been a paucity Coprological survey: The coprological survey of of research on these parasites over the past 20 GI parasitic infection in Malaysian cattle was years. The occurrence of S. nasale has been carried out in six government farms located in intermittently recorded in buffaloes14), S. spindale East Coast (Farm A, Kuantan, Pahang state), in cattle9), buffaloes and goats15); and S. Northern (Farm B, Sungai Siput, Perak state), incognitum-like eggs in swine16). However, there Central (Farm C, Serdang, Selangor state; Farm has been no report of schistosome infection among D, Jerantut, Pahang state) and Southern (Farm the diagnosed animal samples (through fecal E, Jelai Gemas, Negeri Sembilan state; Farm F, examination or observation of the internal organs Air Hitam, Johore state) parts of Peninsular during post-mortem) by animal disease diagnostic Malaysia. These farms were routinely monitored laboratories in Malaysia: Veterinary Research by the Department of Veterinary Services, Institute or VRI and Regional Veterinary Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, Laboratories. Previous reports demonstrated the Malaysia. All cattle in the studied farms were presence of adult schistosomes from internal allowed to graze freely around the farming areas organs9,15). For routine animal health monitoring, and likely to be exposed to high risk of cross-GI Tiong Kai Tan et al. 65 Table 1. Sampling locations and cattle breeds (based on 248 individuals with complete information) Farms Breed Pure breed Total of Cross-breed Total of individual individual Farm A Brahman, Nellore 40 NA NA (Kuantan, Pahang) Farm B NA NA FriesianXJersey 4 (Sungai Siput, Perak) Farm C Braford, Brangus, 19 BrafordXBrangus, BrafordXFriesian-Sahiwal, 98 (Serdang, Herefold, Jersey, BrafordXSimmental, BrangusXFriesian- Selangor) Kedah-Kelantan, Sahiwal, BrangusXSimmental, Simmental FriesianXJersey, FriesianXSahiwal, HerefordXFriesian-Sahiwal, JerseyXFriesian, Kedah-KelantanXBraford, Kedah- KelantanXFriesian, Kedah- KelantanXSimmental, Santa GertrudisXBrangus, SimmentalXBrangus, SimmentalXFriesian, SimmentalXFriesian-Sahiwal Farm D Drakensberger, 37 NA NA (Jerantut, Pahang) Kedah-Kelantan, Mafriwal Farm E Nellore 12 NA NA (Jelai Gemas, Negeri Sembilan) Farm F Jersey, Mafriwal, 38 NA NA (Air Hitam, Johor) NA=Not Applicable parasitic transmission. A total of 28 breeds of The identification of the GI parasites was based cattle were studied (Table 1) with ages ranging on morphological characteristics described by from five months to 12 years, with weights from Taylor et al.24) and Kaufmann12). The samples 102 kg to 694 kg. were considered as Schistosoma positive when at Fecal samples were collected per rectum from least one Schistosoma ova was detected. each animal and kept at 2 to 8°C immediately post sampling and short-term storage at 4°C until Statistical analysis: Statistical analysis was further analysis. Formalin-ether concentration carried out using the statistical program (SPSS technique was performed on the samples to statistical program, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The concentrate any GI parasite ova and (oo)cysts samples with missing data were excluded from present in the feces1). The sediment was smeared the statistical analysis. A Pearson’s Chi-square on the clean glass slide, stained with Lugol’s iodine test was applied to determine the association and microscopically examined at 100X total between the dependent variable (i.e., S. spindale magnification for the detection of helminth ova infections) and independent variables (i.e., age, and 400X for protozoan parasites. Modified Zeihl- breed, gender and weight). Independent variables Neelsen stain was used for the detection of the that generated a p value of less than 0.25 in the Cryptosporidium sp. at 1000X total magnification5). univariate model were included in the logistic 66 Schistosoma spindale in Malaysian cattle regression analysis using forward likelihood ratio (LR) in order to identify the risk factors for S. spindale infections. The risk factors were tested using Odds-Ratio (OR) and the significance was analyzed using a 95% confidence interval and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research Note. Visceral Schistosomiasis Among Domestic
    SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH NOTE VISCERAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG DOMESTIC RUMINANTS SLAUGHTERED IN WAYANAD, SOUTH INDIA R Ravindran1, B Lakshmanan1, C Ravishankar2 and H Subramanian1 1Department of Veterinary Parasitology, 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala, India Abstract. This short communication reports the prevalence of visceral schistosomiasis by worm counts from the mesentery of domestic ruminants of the hilly district of Wayanad, located in Kerala, one of the states in South India. We found 57.3, 50, and 4.7% of cattle, buffaloes and goats, respectively, had visceral schistosomiasis upon slaughter at a municipal slaughter house in Kalpetta. Our findings show that the prevalence of Schistosoma spindale infection is very high in Wayanad in comparison to previous reports from this and neighboring countries. INTRODUCTION endemic for cattle schistosomiasis in Africa and Asia while at least 165 million cattle are Schistosomes are members of the genus infected with schistosomes worldwide (De Schistosoma which belong to the family Bont and Vercruysse, 1997). Although little or Schistosomatidae. Adult schistosomes are dio- no overt clinical signs may be seen over a short ecious and obligate blood flukes of vertebrates. period, frequent chronic schistosome infec- In Asia, cattle are infected with S. spindale, tions, in the long term, cause significant losses S.indicum, S.nasale and S. japonicum (De Bont to the herd. and Vercruysse, 1998). Schistosoma spindale infection has been reported in India, Sri Lanka, Routine diagnosis of visceral schistoso- Indonesia, Malayasia, Thailand, Lao PDR and miasis relies heavily on observation of clinical Vietnam (Kumar and de Burbure, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrence of Schistosoma Nasale Infection in Crossbred Cattle: a Case Study 1 2
    ISSN: 0976-3104 REGULAR ISSUE Qadri and Ganguly _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ www.iioab.org CASE STUDY OPEN ACCESS OCCURRENCE OF SCHISTOSOMA NASALE INFECTION IN CROSSBRED CATTLE: A CASE STUDY 1 2 Kausar Qadri and Subha Ganguly * 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Arawali Veterinary College, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, INDIA 2Department of Microbiology, Arawali Veterinary College, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, INDIA ABSTRACT rd Received on: 03 -June-2016 Revised on: 15th-June-2016 A 8 years old cross bred Holstein Friesian (H.F.) cow was presented at Arawali Veterinary College, Sikar Accepted on: 20th-June-2016 with history of sneezing, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, difficulty in breathing with snoring sound, Published on: 10th-July-2016 there were presence of cauliflower like growth on one side of the nasal septum. The disease was diagnosed as nasal schistosomiasis and was successfully treated with Anthiomaline (Lithium Antimony Thiomalate) @ 15 ml intramuscularly three doses at weekly intervals. KEY WORDS Schistosoma nasale, cross H.F cow, Anthiomaline *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected];Tel: +91 9231812539 INTRODUCTION Nasal schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma nasale adversely affects the health and production of domestic livestock in various parts of India. S. nasale is a species of digenetic trematode in the family Schistosomatidae. It was identified first in 1933 by Dr. M. Anant Narayanan Rao at Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu, India. The freshwater snail Indoplanorbis exustus acts as intermediate host [1]. Affected cattle shows rhinitis, profuse mucopurulent nasal discharge manifested clinically by sneezing, dyspnoea and snoring. Chronic infections show proliferation of nasal epithelium as granuloma and small abscesses containing eggs.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    L fLUKE~ AI AN SNAILS, FLUKES AND MAN Edited by Director I Zoological Survey of India ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1991 © Copyright, Govt of India. 1991 Published: August 1991 Based on the lectures delivered at the Training Programme on Snails, Flukes and Man held at Calcutta. (November 1989) Compiled by N.V. Subba Rao, J. K. Jonathan and C.B. Srivastava Cover design: Manoj K. Sengupta Indoplanorbis exustus in the centre with Cercariae around. PRICE India : Rs. 120.00 Foreign: £ 5.80; $ 8.00 Published by the Director, Zoological Survey of India Calcutta-700 053 Printed by : Rashmi Advertising (Typesetting by its associate Mis laser Kreations) 7B, Rani Rashmoni Road, Calcutta-700 013 FOREWORD Zoological Survey of India has been playing a key role in the identification and study of faunal resources of our country. Over the years it has built up expertise on different faunal groups and in order to disseminate that knowledge training and extension services have been devised. Hitherto the training programmes were conducted In entomology, taxidermy and omithology. The scope of the training programmes has now been extended to other groups and the one on Snails, Flukes and Man is the first step in that direction. Zoological Survey of India has the distinction of being the only Institute where extensive and in-depth studies are pursued on both molluscs and helminths. The training programme has been of mutual interest to malacologists and helminthologlsts. The response to the programme was very encouraging and scientific discussions were very rewarding. The need for knowledge .and Iterature on molluscs was keenly felt.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Bovine Schistosomiasis and Its Associated Risk Factors
    ISSN 2664-8075 (Print) & ISSN 2706-5774 (Online) South Asian Research Journal of Applied Medical Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: South Asian Res J App Med Sci | Volume-2 | Issue-5 | Sep-Oct 2020 | DOI: 10.36346/sarjams.2020.v02i05.001 Review Article Review on Bovine Schistosomiasis and Its Associated Risk Factors Banchiayehu Atanew Demlew, Asfaw Kelemu Tessma* Bahir dar Zuria Woreda Administration, Bahir dar Zuria Woreda Veterinary Clinic *Corresponding Author Asfaw Kelemu Article History Received: 30.09.2020 Accepted: 15.10.2020 Published: 23.10.2020 Abstract: Schistosome is a treamatode, snail-born parasitic of circulatory system in domestic animals and man. Ruminants are usually infected with cercariae by active penetration of the unbroken skin. It is an economically important disease caused by several Schistosoma species and results in economic losses through mortality and morbidity. The geographical distribution of Schistosoma species infecting cattle are mainly determined by the distribution of their respective intermediate host snails. The disease affects rural communities particularly those who depend upon irrigation to support their agriculture and drink contaminated water. Effective transmission of schistosomiasis occurs when the schistosome parasites, the aquatic snail hosts and the human or animal definitive hosts meet in space and time in surface water. The pathological changes with the disease are attributed by the adult parasite, cercaria and the eggs of the parasite. Health education, chemotherapy, environmental and biological control as well as provision of clean water have an innumerable role in the control activity of the disease. The use of traditional medicines in the treatment of schistosomiasis are economically important and a growing concern.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Studies on Some Trematode Parasites of Ruminants in the Snail Intermediate Hosts in Three Districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi
    Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (9): 941–946, September 2015/Article Epidemiological studies on some trematode parasites of ruminants in the snail intermediate hosts in three districts of Uttar Pradesh, Jabalpur and Ranchi R K BAURI1, DINESH CHANDRA2, H LALRINKIMA3, O K RAINA4, M N TIGGA5 and NAVNEET KAUR6 Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India Received: 19 February 2015; Accepted: 26 March 2015 ABSTRACT Seasonal prevalence of 5 trematode parasites in the 4 snail species, viz. Lymnaea auricularia, L. luteola, Gyraulus convexiusculus and Indoplanorbis exustus for the years 2012–2014 was studied in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh and in Jabalpur and Ranchi districts of Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand, respectively. Intramolluscan larval stages of Fasciola gigantica, Explanatum explanatum, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Fischoederius elongatus and Schistosoma spindale were identified using ITS-2, 28S rDNA, 12S mitochondrial (mt) DNA and Cox I markers. F. gigantica infection in L. auricularia had a significant (P<0.05) occurrence in the winter season followed by rains. Seasonality of P. epiclitum transmission in I. exustus was observed with significant occurrence of its infection in the rainy season followed by a sharp decline in other seasons. Prevalence of S. spindale infection in I. exustus was insignificant in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh but highly prevalent in other 2 districts. Infection with F. elongatus in L. luteola was recorded in different seasons. G. convexiusculus were screened for E. explanatum and Gastrothylax crumenifer infection and a significant rate of infection with E. explanatum was observed in the rainy season. Climatic factors including temperature and rainfall influence the distribution of snail populations and transmission of trematode infections by these snail intermediate hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Echinostoma Miyagawai
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution 75 (2019) 103961 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Infection, Genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meegid Research paper The complete mitochondrial genome of Echinostoma miyagawai: Comparisons with closely related species and phylogenetic implications T Ye Lia, Yang-Yuan Qiua, Min-Hao Zenga, Pei-Wen Diaoa, Qiao-Cheng Changa, Yuan Gaoa, ⁎ Yan Zhanga, Chun-Ren Wanga,b, a College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China b College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province 163319, PR China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Echinostoma miyagawai (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is a common parasite of poultry that also infects humans. Echinostoma miyagawai Es. miyagawai belongs to the “37 collar-spined” or “revolutum” group, which is very difficult to identify and Echinostomatidae classify based only on morphological characters. Molecular techniques can resolve this problem. The present Mitochondrial genome study, for the first time, determined, and presented the complete Es. miyagawai mitochondrial genome. A Comparative analysis comparative analysis of closely related species, and a reconstruction of Echinostomatidae phylogeny among the Phylogenetic analysis trematodes, is also presented. The Es. miyagawai mitochondrial genome is 14,416 bp in size, and contains 12 protein-coding genes (cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L, cytb, and atp6), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one non-coding region (NCR). All Es. miyagawai genes are transcribed in the same direction, and gene arrangement in Es. miyagawai is identical to six other Echinostomatidae and Echinochasmidae species. The complete Es. miyagawai mitochondrial genome A + T content is 65.3%, and full- length, pair-wise nucleotide sequence identity between the six species within the two families range from 64.2–84.6%.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Ruminants of Bangladesh
    J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 221–228, 2011 ISSN 1810-3030 Epidemiology of intestinal schistosomiasis in ruminants of Bangladesh M. N. Islam, N. Begum, M. Z. Alam and M. A. A. Mamun Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] Abstract We assessed the prevalence and seasonal variations of intestinal schistosomiasis in association with age, sex, breed and rearing system of cattle and goats in different districts of Bangladesh. Fecal samples from 240 cattle and 146 goats were examined. Schistosoma eggs were found in 47.5% cattle and 43.84% goats. Two species of schistosomes were identified. No mixed infection was recorded. Prevalence of Schistosoma indicum was higher in cattle (42.5%) than in goats (34.25%) whereas goats (9.59%) were more susceptible to Schistosoma spindale infection than cattle (5.0%). Age, sex, breed, rearing system and topography of the country had significant (P<0.01, P<0.05) effect on the prevalence of schistosomiasis among cattle, whether only seasons of the year had significant (P<0.01) effect on schistosome prevalence among goats of Bangladesh. Higher infection rate was found in rainy season, in older age group, in males, in local breeds (cattle) and animals reared under semi intensive system. Prevalence was highest in the Rangpur district and lowest in the Dhaka district. The prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis was very high among cattle and goats in the study area irrespective of age, sex, breed, seasons and rearing system of cattle and goats. Keywords: Epidemiology, Intestinal schistosomiasis, Ruminants, Bangladesh Introduction Schistosomiasis is a snail-brone treamatode infection of domestic animals and man in different parts of Asia and Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Study on Occurrence of Fresh Water Snails in Different Snail
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(2): 975-980 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 A preliminary study on occurrence of fresh water JEZS 2019; 7(2): 975-980 © 2019 JEZS snails in different snail habitats in some parts of Received: 20-01-2019 Accepted: 23-02-2019 Puducherry A Latchumikanthan Assistant Professor, Veterinary University Training and A Latchumikanthan, PG Vimalraj, P Pavan Kumar, A Prasanna Research Centre, Villupuram, Vadhana, MV Jithin and C Soundararajan TANUVAS, Tamil Nadu, India PG Vimalraj Abstract Wildlife Veterinarian, Ponds, lakes and water bodies near paddy cultivation lands were examined for presence of fresh water Ariyankuppam, Puducherry, snails from some parts of Union territory of Puducherry. A total of 439 snails were collected from during India the period from September, 2015 to August, 2016 to know the type and intensity of different species of snails. The collected snails were identified as Lymnaea luteola, Pila globosa, Bellamyia sp., and P Pavan Kumar Indoplanorbis exustus based on their shell morphological features. Among the various types of snails, Teaching Assistant, Dept. of Lymnaea luteola (41.68%) was found to be more followed by Pila globosa (33.25%), Bellamyia sp., Veterinary Public Health, (15.71%) and Indoplanorbis exustus (9.33%). Snails were found attached to the vegetation in these water College of Veterinary and Animal bodies and the eggs of snail were enclosed in a slimy material attached to the water plants. Egg masses Sciences, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India vary in the egg numbers varying from 30 to 50 eggs. Immature/ juvenile stages of snails were more in group and attached to roots, leaves and stem of the different water plants.
    [Show full text]
  • (Digenea, Platyhelminthes)1 Authors: Sean
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/333518; this version posted May 30, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Title: Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenomics of the Diplostomoidea and Diplostomida 2 (Digenea, Platyhelminthes)1 3 Authors: Sean A. Lockea,*, Alex Van Dama, Monica Caffarab, Hudson Alves Pintoc, Danimar 4 López-Hernándezc, Christopher Blanard 5 aUniversity of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Biology, Box 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto 6 Rico 00681–9000 7 bDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via 8 Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy 9 cDepartament of Parasitology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas 10 Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 11 dNova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA 33314- 12 7796. 13 *corresponding author: University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Department of Biology, Box 14 9000, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681–9000. Tel:. +1 787 832 4040x2019; fax +1 787 265 3837. 15 Email [email protected] 1 Note: Nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper will be available in the GenBank™ and EMBL databases, and accession numbers will be provided by the time this manuscript goes to press. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/333518; this version posted May 30, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Schistosoma Scott P Lawton1,2,5*, Hirohisa Hirai3, Joe E Ironside1, David a Johnston2,4 and David Rollinson2
    Lawton et al. Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:131 http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/4/1/131 REVIEW Open Access Genomes and geography: genomic insights into the evolution and phylogeography of the genus Schistosoma Scott P Lawton1,2,5*, Hirohisa Hirai3, Joe E Ironside1, David A Johnston2,4 and David Rollinson2 Abstract Blood flukes within the genus Schistosoma still remain a major cause of disease in the tropics and subtropics and the study of their evolution has been an area of major debate and research. With the advent of modern molecular and genomic approaches deeper insights have been attained not only into the divergence and speciation of these worms, but also into the historic movement of these parasites from Asia into Africa, via migration and dispersal of definitive and snail intermediate hosts. This movement was subsequently followed by a radiation of Schistosoma species giving rise to the S. mansoni and S. haematobium groups, as well as the S. indicum group that reinvaded Asia. Each of these major evolutionary events has been marked by distinct changes in genomic structure evident in differences in mitochondrial gene order and nuclear chromosomal architecture between the species associated with Asia and Africa. Data from DNA sequencing, comparative molecular genomics and karyotyping are indicative of major constitutional genomic events which would have become fixed in the ancestral populations of these worms. Here we examine how modern genomic techniques may give a more in depth understanding of the evolution of schistosomes and highlight the complexity of speciation and divergence in this group. Introduction provide alternative theories to some of the established Members of the genus Schistosoma are digenean (Stri- concepts in schistosome genome evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Observations of Adult Schistosoma Spindale
    IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN:2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 13, Issue 6 Ver. II (Nov – Dec 2018), Pp 01-03 www.Iosrjournals.Org Morphological Observations of Adult Schistosoma Spindale Vanita Malewar¹, Aruna Karemungikar2 and Parvathi, J³ 1 (Dept. of Zoology, Vivek Vadhini College of Arts, Commerce and Science,Osmania University, Hyderabad, India) 2( Retd Head, P.G.Dept. of Zoology, Vivek Vadhini College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India) 3(Dept. of Zoology,Vivek Vadhini College of Arts, Commerce and Science,Osmania University, Hyderabad, India) Corresponding Author: Vanita Malewar __________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Schistosoma spindale is a parasite inhabiting the portal and mesenteric veins of Bubalus bubalis. The tegumental surfaces of adult S. spindale collected from naturally infected Bubulus bubulo were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The inner surface of the male oral sucker possesses many spines. The ventral sucker is a fairly large protrusible organ and is infundibular in form with its margin more or less wavy. It is cup shaped and borne on a peduncle. The ventral sucker possesses spines. The width of the male and female is different at different regions. The lining of the gynecophoric canal is densely spined. The tegument of the female is similar to that of the male. The tegument of both sexes is devoid of spines. Key Words: Gynaecophoric canal, Schistosoma spindale, Scanning
    [Show full text]
  • Platyhelminthes, Trematoda
    Journal of Helminthology Testing the higher-level phylogenetic classification of Digenea (Platyhelminthes, cambridge.org/jhl Trematoda) based on nuclear rDNA sequences before entering the age of the ‘next-generation’ Review Article Tree of Life †Both authors contributed equally to this work. G. Pérez-Ponce de León1,† and D.I. Hernández-Mena1,2,† Cite this article: Pérez-Ponce de León G, Hernández-Mena DI (2019). Testing the higher- 1Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida level phylogenetic classification of Digenea Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico and 2Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, (Platyhelminthes, Trematoda) based on Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico nuclear rDNA sequences before entering the age of the ‘next-generation’ Tree of Life. Journal of Helminthology 93,260–276. https:// Abstract doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X19000191 Digenea Carus, 1863 represent a highly diverse group of parasitic platyhelminths that infect all Received: 29 November 2018 major vertebrate groups as definitive hosts. Morphology is the cornerstone of digenean sys- Accepted: 29 January 2019 tematics, but molecular markers have been instrumental in searching for a stable classification system of the subclass and in establishing more accurate species limits. The first comprehen- keywords: Taxonomy; Digenea; Trematoda; rDNA; NGS; sive molecular phylogenetic tree of Digenea published in 2003 used two nuclear rRNA genes phylogeny (ssrDNA = 18S rDNA and lsrDNA = 28S rDNA) and was based on 163 taxa representing 77 nominal families, resulting in a widely accepted phylogenetic classification. The genetic library Author for correspondence: for the 28S rRNA gene has increased steadily over the last 15 years because this marker pos- G.
    [Show full text]