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Building Wireless Community Networks

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Building Wireless Community Networks Building Wireless Community Networks Rob Flickenger Publisher: O'Reilly First Edition January 2002 ISBN: 0-596-00204-1, 138 pages Building Wireless Community Networks offers a compelling case for building wireless networks on a local level: They are inexpensive, and they can be implemented and managed by the community using them, whether it's a school, a neighborhood, or a small business. This book provides all the necessary information for planning a network, getting all the necessary components, and understanding protocols that you need to design and implement your network. Building Wireless Community Networks TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface....................................................................................................................................4 Audience .............................................................................................................................4 Organization........................................................................................................................4 Typographical Conventions................................................................................................5 Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................6 Chapter 1. Wireless Community Networks........................................................................7 1.1 The Problem..................................................................................................................8 1.2 How ISPs Are Attempting a Solution...........................................................................9 1.3 How Cooperatives Are Making It Happen .................................................................10 1.4 About This Book.........................................................................................................11 Chapter 2. Defining Project Scope ....................................................................................12 2.1 Hardware Requirements..............................................................................................13 2.2 Hot Spots.....................................................................................................................14 2.3 Potential Coverage Problem Areas .............................................................................15 2.4 Topographical Mapping 101.......................................................................................16 Chapter 3. Network Layout ...............................................................................................17 3.1 Wireless Infrastructure: Cathedral Versus Bazaar......................................................17 3.2 Vital Services ..............................................................................................................20 3.3 Security Considerations ..............................................................................................24 3.4 Summary .....................................................................................................................28 Chapter 4. Using Access Points..........................................................................................28 4.1 Access Point Caveats ..................................................................................................30 4.2 The Apple AirPort Base Station .................................................................................31 Chapter 5. Peer-to-Peer (Ad-Hoc) Networking ...............................................................37 5.1 Building a Wireless Gateway with Linux...................................................................37 Chapter 6. Wide Area Network Saturation......................................................................50 6.1 Topo Maps 102: Dealing with Geographical Diversity..............................................51 6.2 Antenna Characteristics and Placement......................................................................54 6.3 Power Amps and the Law...........................................................................................66 Chapter 7. Other Applications...........................................................................................67 7.1 Point-to-Point Links....................................................................................................68 7.2 The Pringles Can.........................................................................................................69 7.3 Redundant Links .........................................................................................................74 7.4 Repeaters.....................................................................................................................75 7.5 Security Concerns .......................................................................................................78 7.6 Captive "Catch and Release" Portal............................................................................79 7.7 In Closing....................................................................................................................82 Page 2 Building Wireless Community Networks Chapter 8. Radio Free Planet ............................................................................................82 8.1 Seattle Wireless...........................................................................................................83 8.2 BAWUG......................................................................................................................83 8.3 Personal Telco.............................................................................................................84 8.4 NYC Wireless .............................................................................................................84 8.5 GBPPR........................................................................................................................84 8.6 GAWD ........................................................................................................................85 8.7 Guerrilla.net ................................................................................................................85 8.8 Universal Wireless ......................................................................................................85 Chapter 9. Radio Free Sebastopol.....................................................................................85 9.1 OSCON 2000 ..............................................................................................................86 Appendix ..............................................................................................................................91 A.1 Path Loss Calculations...............................................................................................91 A.2 Links to Community Wireless Sites ..........................................................................92 A.3 FCC Part 15 Rules......................................................................................................92 A.4 Simple Scheme Management.....................................................................................96 Colophon ..............................................................................................................................97 Page 3 Building Wireless Community Networks Preface Building Wireless Community Networks is about getting people connected to one another. Wireless technology is being used right now to connect neighborhoods, businesses, and schools to the vast, massively interconnected, and nebulous entity known as the Internet. One of the goals of this book is to help you get your community "unplugged" and online, using inexpensive off-the-shelf equipment. A secondary but critical goal of this book is to come to terms with exactly what is meant by community. It might refer to your college campus, where many people own their own laptops and want to share files and access to the Internet. Your idea of community could encompass your apartment building or neighborhood, where broadband Internet access may not even be available. This book is intended to get you thinking about what is involved in getting people in your community connected, and it will demonstrate working examples of how to make these connections possible. Audience This book describes some solutions to the current (but rapidly changing) problem of building a wireless network for community use. It is not intended to be a design guide for wireless companies and ISPs, although I hope they find the information in it useful (and at least a little bit entertaining). This book is intended for the technical user who is interested in bringing wireless high-speed network access to wherever it's needed. This could include extending Internet connectivity to areas where other access (such as DSL or cable) isn't available. It could also include setting up access at a school, where structures were built long before anyone thought about running cables and lines into classrooms. This book should also be useful for people interested in learning about how dozens of groups around the planet are providing wireless access in their own communities. The story of wireless network access is still in its infancy, but it is already full of fascinating twists and turns (never mind its potential!). I hope to communicate what I've learned of this story to you. Organization Early chapters of this book introduce basic wireless concepts and essential
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