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By Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
FROM DIWAN TO PALACE: JORDANIAN TRIBAL POLITICS AND ELECTIONS by LAURA C. WEIR Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Adviser: Dr. Pete Moore Department of Political Science CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2013 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Laura Weir candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree *. Pete Moore, Ph.D (chair of the committee) Vincent E. McHale, Ph.D. Kelly McMann, Ph.D. Neda Zawahri, Ph.D. (date) October 19, 2012 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables v List of Maps and Illustrations viii List of Abbreviations x CHAPTERS 1. RESEARCH PUZZLE AND QUESTIONS Introduction 1 Literature Review 6 Tribal Politics and Elections 11 Case Study 21 Potential Challenges of the Study 30 Conclusion 35 2. THE HISTORY OF THE JORDANIAN ―STATE IN SOCIETY‖ Introduction 38 The First Wave: Early Development, pre-1921 40 The Second Wave: The Arab Revolt and the British, 1921-1946 46 The Third Wave: Ideological and Regional Threats, 1946-1967 56 The Fourth Wave: The 1967 War and Black September, 1967-1970 61 Conclusion 66 3. SCARCE RESOURCES: THE STATE, TRIBAL POLITICS, AND OPPOSITION GROUPS Introduction 68 How Tribal Politics Work 71 State Institutions 81 iii Good Governance Challenges 92 Guests in Our Country: The Palestinian Jordanians 101 4. THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES: FAILURE OF POLITICAL PARTIES AND THE RISE OF TRIBAL POLITICS Introduction 118 Political Threats and Opportunities, 1921-1970 125 The Political Significance of Black September 139 Tribes and Parties, 1989-2007 141 The Muslim Brotherhood 146 Conclusion 152 5. -
Why Europe Abolished Capital Punishment
Why Europe Abolished Capital Punishment John Quigley* and S. Adele Shank** “Whatever may be the conclusion of this night of this House, no doubt arises that the punishment must pass away from our land, and that at no distant date capital punishment will no longer exist. It belongs to a much earlier day than ours, and it is no longer needed for the civilization of the age in which we live.”1 J.W. Pease, a member of the House of Commons, made this declaration in London in 1877.2 Pease, an industrialist and a Quaker, was speaking in support of a bill he proposed to abolish capital punishment in the United Kingdom. Pease’s bill was voted down.3 Consequently, capital punishment would remain in British law into the twentieth century.4 Pease’s sentiment, however, reflected what would be the consensus position in Europe a century later. Capital punishment would come to be seen as antithetical to the values of a civilized society. Europe’s path to that position, however, would be far from uniform. In the early nineteenth century, capital punishment was universal in Europe.5 Later in the century, a few countries in Western Europe abolished it.6 The issue was part of a larger discussion about criminal law. A reaction against severity in the administration of justice had taken hold in Europe. Influential in European thinking was the work of an Italian lawyer who included capital * John Quigley is a President’s Club Professor Emeritus of Law at the Michael E. Moritz College of Law. -
The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry Page 1 of 182
The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry Page 1 of 182 Preferred Citation: Beinin, Joel. The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2290045n/ The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry Culture, Politics. and the Formation of Modern Diaspora Joel Beinin UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley · Los Angeles · London © 1998 The Regents of the University of California To Miriam, my life partner Preferred Citation: Beinin, Joel. The Dispersion of Egyptian Jewry: Culture, Politics, and the Formation of a Modern Diaspora. Berkeley: University of California Press, c1998 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2290045n/ To Miriam, my life partner Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted to the many Egyptian Jews in Egypt, Israel, Paris, and San Francisco who shared their memories, papers, and hearts with me in the course of my research for this book. Without their assistance, this book would have been an entirely different and inferior product. Their names are listed in the Bibliography. Many Egyptian Jews as well as other friends and colleagues saved clippings from the Israeli and Egyptian press for me, allowed me to copy personal papers, or gave me books, magazines, and other materials that were invaluable sources for this book. Among them were Raymond Aghion, Ada Aharoni, Shlomo Barad, Esther and Gilbert Bar-On, Henriette Busnach, Yusuf Darwish, Marcelle Fisher, Karim al-Gawhary, Yitzhaq Gormezano-Goren, David Harel, Anda Harel-Dagan, Jacques Hassoun, Reuven Kaminer, Mourad El-Kodsi, Yoram Meital, Doris and Henry Mourad, Remy and Joe Pessah, Sami Shemtov, Ted Swedenburg, and Robert Vitalis. -
The Eclipse of Pan-Arab Nationalism Written by Ahmed Elsayed
The Eclipse of Pan-Arab Nationalism Written by Ahmed Elsayed This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. The Eclipse of Pan-Arab Nationalism https://www.e-ir.info/2015/05/26/the-eclipse-of-pan-arab-nationalism/ AHMED ELSAYED, MAY 26 2015 This paper seeks to analyse the emergence and decline of Pan-Arab nationalism, the ideology that emerged in 19th century to restore and sustain the Arabic identity under the Ottoman Caliphate and developed until it became the hegemonic ideology in Arab world by the 1950s. This article argues that Arab nationalism has been largely unsuccessful because of a variety of reasons. These reasons can be categorised into three sections: the ‘inherent’ reasons related to this ideology per se, the ‘regional’ reasons connected to Arab world and the political and social relationships within, and the ‘exogenous’ reasons that are associated with the non-Arab world. In order to develop this paper’s argument, two case studies will be introduced to critically access the record of Arab nationalism: the most influential Pan-Arab leader Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Arab League, the foremost Pan-Arab organization. For reasons of precision and clarity, this article uses the term Arabism when referring to the cultural and social similarities between Arabs. While Arab nationalism, the main idea of this essay, refers to Arabism ‘with the added element of a strong desire (and preferably articulated demands) for political unity in a specified demarcated territory’ (Dawisha, 2003: 13). -
Robert Badinter Confrontation Entre Ce Qu’Il a De Plus Stimulant
LI 181:Mise en page 1 05/05/2010 11:25 Page 1 A VOUS DE LIRE ! NUIT DES MUSÉES ORSAY NOUVELLE 3000 LIEUX 300 LYCÉENS INITIATIVE D’EXPOSITION DIALOGUENT CANNES, SHANGHAI 2010... EN FAVEUR OUVERTS EN AVEC ROBERT COMMENT DE LA LECTURE EUROPE BADINTER LA FRANCE « EXPORTE » SA CULTURE CULTURECOMMUNICATION LE MAGAZINE DU MINISTÈRE DE LA CULTURE ET DE LA COMMUNICATION / MAI 2010 N° 181 TAPIS ROUGE ET PHOTOGRAPHES : LES RITUELS DU FESTIVAL DE CANNES REPRENNENT À PARTIR DU 12 MAI. SUR NOTRE PHOTO : ISSN : 1255-6270 LE CINÉASTE WONG KAR WAI ET L’ÉQUIPE DE SON FILM EN 2007 (DÉTAIL) © AFP PHOTO / FRED DUFOUR / POOL LI 181:Mise en page 1 05/05/2010 11:25 Page 2 LE TEMPS FORT ACTUALITÉS Shanghai 2010 et Festival de Cannes Comment la France « exporte » sa culture PARTICIPATION À L’EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE DE SHANGHAI, ORGANISATION DU FESTIVAL DE CANNES… ENMAI, LA CULTURE FRANÇAISE VA SE MOBILISER SUR LA SCÈNE INTERNATIONALE. NE ville meilleure pour une meilleure vie ». C’est sur ce thème – placé sous le signe du déve- loppement durable mais aussi du plaisir de vivre dans les villes – que l’Exposition universelle de « Shanghai a ouvert ses portes le 1er mai. Pendant six mois,U elle va présenter, via des pavillons nationaux, la diversité des principales richesses – entre innovations et traditions – de 192 pays, dont 31 pays africains et 50 organisations internationales, ce qui constitue un record inégalé de participants à une Exposition universelle. Autre chiffre considérable : celui du nombre de visi- teurs prévus. Pour l’édition 2010, pas moins de 70 à 100 millions © AFP PHOTO / FRED DUFOUR POOL © sont attendus jusqu’au 31 octobre, soit deux à trois fois plus que pour la précédente édition qui s’est tenue en 2005 au Japon. -
The J. Chalhoub Collection of Egypt
© 2018, David Feldman SA All rights reserved All content of this catalogue, such as text, images and their arrangement, is the property of David Feldman SA, and is protected by international copyright laws. The objects displayed in this catalogue are shown with the express permission of their owners. Printed in Germany by Meister Print & Media GmbH Colour disclaimer – We strive to present the lots in this catalogue as accurately as possible. Nevertheless, due to limitations of digital scanners, digital photography, and unintentional variations on the offset printing presses, we cannot guarantee that the colours you see printed are an exact reproduction of the actual item. Although variations are minimal, the images presented herein are intended as a guide only and should not be regarded as absolutely correct. All colours are approximations of actual colours. The Joseph Chalhoub Collection of Egypt I. Commemoratives Monday, December 3, 2018, at 13:00 CET Geneva – David Feldman SA Contact us 59, Route de Chancy, Building D, 3rd floor 1213 Petit Lancy, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 (0)22 727 07 77, Fax +41 (0)22 727 07 78 [email protected] www.davidfeldman.com 50 th The Joseph Chalhoub Collection of Egypt I. Commemoratives Monday, December 3, 2018, at 13:00 CET Geneva – David Feldman SA You are invited to participate VIEWING / VISITE DES LOTS / BESICHTIGUNG Geneva Before December 3 David Feldman SA 59, Route de Chancy, Building D, 3rd floor, 1213 Petit Lancy, Geneva, Switzerland By appointment only – contact Tel.: +41 (0)22 727 07 77 (Viewing of lots on weekends or evenings can be arranged) From December 3 General viewing from 09:00 to 19:00 daily AUCTION / VENTE / AUKTION Monday, December 3 at 13:00 CET All lots (10000-10205) Phone line during the auction / Ligne téléphonique pendant la vente / Telefonleitung während der Auktion Tel. -
Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic Design: Mario Brunetti
impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 1 Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic design: Mario Brunetti 42 • Desert Heritage Magazine impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 1 Breeding Arabian Horses in Albania by MONIKA SAVIER Graphic design: Mario Brunetti Desert Heritage Magazine • 43 impa Albania_Layout 1 11/05/20 16:34 Pagina 3 At the height of his rule, he controlled Lower When King Farouk I in 1952 had to resign after the LUGU I GEGËVE LG Arabian Farm Egypt, Upper Egypt, Sudan and parts of Arabia and revolution, his breeding stables Inshass stud with the A new Farm is Raising in the World the entire Levant. He is regarded as the founder of finest Arabian horses from the Nejd were also trans- „In addition to our passion we must Modern Egypt. His dynasty ruled until the King, ferred to the Egyptian State Stud RAS / EAO and reactivate and take care of the tradition Farouk I was overthrown in the Egyptian Revolution the basics for today’s purely Egyptian Arabian horse of Straight Egyptian Breeding that our country has had in the past for Arab horses“. of 1952. Farouk I was the tenth ruler of Egypt from breeding was laid. by MONIKA SAVIER (Roland Shyti) the Muhammad Ali Pasha Dynasty and proud of his The influence of Abbas Pasha’s Straight Egyptian Albanian heritage. As king, 30 Albanian bodyguards horses was important throughout the Ottoman Em- ild high mountain peaks, deep valleys and plains blooming towards the sea, this is the hin- protected him as he regarded Albanians as the only pire, including the land of Albania, as it was a matter terland of touristic Albania, which has the most beautiful sandy beaches along the sea. -
Pdf 582.97 K
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality Volume 12 - Dec 2015 - No 2 - Pages: (51 : 78) King Farouk and the Wafd’s Relations with the United States After the 1952 Revolution (1952-1957) Noha Osman Azmy Associate Professor, Tourism Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Sadat City University Abstract: King Farouk was deposed and forced to leave Egypt after the 1952 Revolution. Under the demand of the political purification, the Wafd party was dissolved and its leaders were imprisoned or kept under house arrest. The year 1955 marked the first contact between the Farouk and Wafd with the United States. The tense relation between US and Nasser that year gave hope for both to return to power with US support. The study depended on the US State Department documents to represent these connections and to show the American opinion with it. Unlike the previous studies, the study approved that the first contact of Farouk to the US was in 1955 not in 1956; in which he commented on the Middle East situation, the US’s role in depositing him and described the new regime in Egypt. The Wafd also tried to gain the US support to return to power through two different approaches. One was ready to deal with Nasser but with parliamentary life depending on the Wafd’s popularity; the second was to depose Nasser and replace him with Naguib with the return of the Wafd party to the political scene. The study concluded that these connections reflected the deep ideological difference between Farouk and Wafd and showed that the US’s foreign policy was determined by its interest which was not anymore with either the Wafd or Farouk. -
Annual Report on the Death Penalty in Iran 2019
ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2019 www.ecpm.org www.iranhr.net ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 Foreword by Robert Badinter 6 Preface 7 2019 Annual Report at a glance 7 Introduction 10 Sources 11 Facts and figures 11 Execution trends over the last 12 years 11 Monthly breakdown of executions in 2019 12 Executions under Hassan Rouhani’s presidential period 12 Iran’s new Head of the Judiciary: involved in crimes against humanity 13 Legacy of Sadegh Larijani, former Head of the Judiciary 15 Legislative Framework 15 International treaties ratified by Iran 13 Death penalty according to the Iranian law 21 Procedures 21 From arrest to proof of guilt 25 Procedures of the death penalty 25 Methods of execution 27 Executions in practice 27 Charges 27 Executions in 2019 based on charges 28 Executions for Moharebeh, Corruption on Earth and Rebellion in 2019 31 Executions for rape and sexual assaults in 2019 31 Executions for drug-related charges in 2019 34 Executions for murder charges: Qisas in 2019 40 Share of the Revolutionary and Criminal Courts in Executions of 2019 41 Public Executions 41 Public executions since 2008 41 Geographic distribution of public executions 42 Public executions documented by the Iranian media 44 Geographic Distribution of Executions 44 Map 2: Geographic distribution of all executions by number 45 Map 3: Number of executions per capita 46 Secret and unannounced executions 2 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE DEATH PENALTY IN IRAN 2019 48 November Protests and Extrajudicial Killings 49 Execution -
For Immediate Release May 21, 2008
For Immediate Release May 21, 2008 Internationally Known Religious Scholar and Friend of World Leaders Dies at 89 Imam Vehbi Ismail, internationally known religious scholar, author and leader of the Albanian Muslims in North America, passed away from natural causes in his Harper Woods, Michigan (USA) home on Saturday, May 17, 2008. Born in Shkoder, Albania on November 25, 1919 to Haji Ismail Alkovaj, the Grand Mufti of the Muslim faith in Albania, Imam Ismail started his studies in theology at The Islamic Seminary in Albania’s capital, Tirana. In 1937, Imam Ismail left his native Albania to study Islam at the world famous Al-Azhar University in Alexandria, Egypt, founded in 989AD. Imam Ismail received the highest honors achievable at Al-Azhar. It was at Al-Azhar that he started his prolific writing about Islam, the Prophet Muhammad and interpreting the meaning of the Quran as well as the translating of hundreds of books from Albanian, Turkish, Persian and French to Arabic. In 1945, Imam Ismail was advised by his father not to return to Albania, as the Communists had taken control of all mosques and abolished religion of any kind throughout the country. The new Communist regime of Albania seized all holdings of religious groups, including the holdings of the Grand Mufti and his family. Imam Ismail’s family then spent the last years of their lives in concentration camps, never to see Imam Ismail again. During his stay in Egypt, Imam Ismail established himself as an expert on the Quran and Islam. He became a close personal friend of then King Farouk of Egypt. -
Icc-01/18-45 14-02-2020 1/12 Ek Pt
ICC-01/18-45 14-02-2020 1/12 EK PT Original: English No.: ICC-01/18 Date: 14 February 2020 PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER I Before: Judge Péter Kovács, Presiding Judge Judge Marc Perrin de Brichambaut Judge Reine Adélaïde Sophie Alapini-Gansou SITUATION IN THE STATE OF PALESTINE PUBLIC Application for leave to file written observations on the question of jurisdiction pursuant to Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence Source: The Honourable Professor Robert Badinter The Honourable Professor Irwin Cotler, PC, OC, OQ Professor David Crane Professor Jean-François Gaudreault-DesBiens, FRSC, Ad.E Lord David Pannick QC Professor Guglielmo Verdirame QC 1/12 No. ICC-01/18 14 February 2020 ICC-01/18-45 14-02-2020 2/12 EK PT Document to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: The Office of the Prosecutor Counsel for the Defence Ms. Fatou Bensouda, Prosecutor Mr. James Stewart, Deputy Prosecutor Legal Representatives of the Victims Legal Representatives of the Applicants Unrepresented Victims Unrepresented Applicants for Participation/Reparations The Office of Public Counsel for Victims The Office of Public Counsel for the Ms. Paolina Massidda Defence States Representatives Amicus Curiae The competent authorities of Palestine The competent authorities of the state of Israel REGISTRY Registrar Counsel Support Section Mr. Peter Lewis Deputy Registrar Victims and Witnesses Section Detention Section Mr Philipp Ambach Victims Participation and Reparations Other Section 2/12 No. ICC-01/18 14 February 2020 ICC-01/18-45 -
Fo#371/23306
I 1 2 cms PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE ins 1 1 1 2 *ef... Fo 3TI/Z3306 ^5107 Please note that this copy is supplied subject to the Public Record Office's terms and conditions and that your use of it may be subject to copyright restrictions. Further information is given in the enclosed Terms and Conditions of supply of Public Records' leaflet 1 -O JUN Parliamentary Anglo-Egyptian Committee * Registry \ . *r Number / 2501/1/16- Proposal to create second Parliamentary FROM Anglo-lgyptian Committee has been abandoned* A.C.Bossom* Existing Committee will now meet to decide (1) education of inviting House of Lords to participate No' (to Mr.KelIyl7 in Committee (2) question of establishing a Personal* special constitution for the Committee* 0«/«* 23rd Jwie, Received \ in Registry /26tk Jtine, 1939.- J : Egypt and Sudani* Last Paper. (Minutes.) References. This letter reached me before the return of the iO draft telegram attached and I am afraid it makes the^ telegram out of date. Could Mr. Loxley find out whether the old committee has met again and with what result ? (Print.) I should like if possible to repxy to Sir Miles Lamp son (whose telegram in J 2316 is now 3 weeks old) this week. ICO disposed of.) tr^ 27th June 1939. I met Sir John flardlaw-Milne yesterday and he told me that although he was going to put Sir Thomas Moore's scheme to the old Coranittee next week, he was very doubtful if they would accept it except perhaps as (Action (Index.) completed.) regards-inviting some peers to join them.