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Problems of Drug Dependence 1995: Proceedings of the 57Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc

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Problems of Drug Dependence 1995: Proceedings of the 57Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1995: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. 162 U.S. Departmernt of Health and Human Services • National Institutes of Health Problems of Drug Dependence, 1995: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. Virginia Commonwealth University NIDA Research Monograph 162 1996 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, nonprofit organization, conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Scottsdale, Arizona, June 10-15, 1995. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University was the editor of this monograph. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission form the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. NIH Publication No. 96-4116 Printed 1996 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. ii BOARD OF DIRECTORS Edward Sellers, M.D., Ph.D., President M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D. Robert L. Balster, Ph.D., President-Elect Thomas R. Kosten, M.D. George E. Bigelow, Ph.D., Past-President Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D. Joseph V. Brady, Ph.D., Treasurer Billy R. Martin, Ph.D. Edgar H. Brenner, J.D. A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. Leonard Cook, Ph.D. Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D. Linda B. Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Roy W. Pickens, Ph.D. Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D. Beny J. Primm, M.D. Charles W. Gorodetzky, M.D., Ph.D. Peter Reuter, Ph.D. Roland R. Griffiths, Ph.D. James E. Smith, Ph.D. Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Mary Jeanne Kreek, M. D., Chair Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. Maureen E. Bronson, Ph.D. Kathryn A. Cunningham, Ph.D. William L. Dewey, Ph.D. Loretta P. Finnegan, M.D. Ellen B. Geller, M.A. M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D. Reese T. Jones, M. D. Thomas R. Kosten, Ph.D. Billy R. Martin, Ph.D. Kenner C. Rice, Ph.D. James E. Smith, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. George R. Uhl, M.D., Ph.D. LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Charles H. Adler, M.D., Ph.D. Laura H. Adler, M.D. iii The following organizations have generously supported the work of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year. Astra Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse Lilly Merck, Sharp & Dohme Pfizer, Inc. Purdue Frederick Schering-Plough, Inc. Smith Kline Beecham Sterling - Winthrop TAP Pharmaceuticals The Upjohn Company Warner-Lamhert (P-D) Zeneca iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION In Memoriam: Julian E. Villarreal, M. D., Ph.D. - 1937-1995 S. G. Holtzman and J. H. Woods 1 In Memoriam: Lewis Joseph Sargent, Ph.D. - 1909-1995 E. L. May 3 In Memoriam: Harris Isbell, M. D. - 1910-1995 D. R. Jasinski 4 College on Problems of Drug Dependence Presidential Address 1995. Evidence- Based Treatment and Prevention: Research for the Health of the Public E. M. Seller 6 Plenary Session Presentation D. J. Mactas 11 Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: Opportunities for Progress in 1996 A. I. Leshner 15 Presentation of the 1995 J. Michael Morrison Award C. P. O’Brien 20 Introduction to the 1995 Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient T. R. Kosten 21 The Nathan B. Eddy Award Lecture: “A Passion to Improve Treatment” H. D. Klebe 24 SYMPOSIUM I Molecular Mechanisms of the Brain Reward System Titles and Participants Summary L. G. Abood 34 Brain Mapping of the Brain Reward System D. Woodward Molecular Biology of the Dopamine Transporter S. Amara Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Reward L. H. Gold Overview and New Perspectives L. G. Abood v SYMPOSIUM II Molecular and Biochemical Evidence for Receptors for Drugs of Abuse on Immune Cells Title and Participants Summary L.-Y Liu-Chen 37 Introductory Remarks L.-Y Liu-Chen Receptor Binding Studies to Characterize Opioid Receptors on Immune Cells J. M. Bidlack Expression of Opioid Receptor mRNA on Immune Cells L.-Y. Liu-Chen and T. J. Rogers Molecular Approaches to Identifying Cannabinoid Receptors on Immune Cells T. W. Klein The Expression of Morphine-Binding Sites on Human T Lymphocytes J. J. Madden Opioid Modulation of Immune Function: Evidence for Effects on cAMP Production, Cell Proliferation and Novel Receptors B. Sharp Analysis of Opioid Receptors in the Immune System by In Situ Hybridization C. J. Evans SYMPOSIUM III Drug Testing in the Workplace: Legal, Technical and Scientific Issues Titles and Participants Summary S. W. Gust 40 Current Status of Workplace Drug Programs J. H. Autry, III Developments in the Technology of Drug Testing E. S. Cone The Political Use of Scientific Advances: Whose Responsibility Is It? L. L. Maltby Substance Abuse in the Workplace - Seeking the Bottom Line D. W. Cohen Evaluation of Workplace Drug-Testing Programs J. Normand vi SYMPOSIUM IV Functional Evidence for Effects of Drugs of Abuse on Infection and Immune Responses Titles and Participants Summary R. M. Donahoe 43 Introductory Remarks H. W. Haverkos Tetrahydrocannabinol Sensitizes to Infection with Legionella Pneumophila H. Friedman Opiates, Glial Cells and HIV P. Peterson Morphine Sensitizes to Infection in Mice T. K. Eisenstein Opiate Modulation of Pulmonary Infection in a Swine Model T. Molitor Morphine and the Progression of Simian AIDS R. Chuang MDD/NIDA WORKSHOP Assessment of HIV Risk Outcomes in Clinical Trials for Substance Abuse Pharmacology Sex, Drugs, and Compulsivity: HIV Risk and Medication Trials M. Beckson and M. Schaefer 46 SYMPOSIUM V Neuroendocrine Function and the Relationship to Addictions Titles and Participants Summary M. J. Kreek 49 Involvement of Drug-Induced Changes in Endocrine Function in the Acute and Chronic Effects of Substance Abuse T. Cicero Effects of Addictive Drugs on Neuroendocrine Function in Development C. Kuhn Impact of Opiate and Cocaine Addiction on the Stress Responsive Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Prolactin Release in Humans M. J. Kreek vii The Effects of Chronic Cocaine Self-Administration on the Menstrual Cycle in Female Rhesus Monkeys N. Mello Pulsatile Release of Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH) and Drug Reinforcement J. Mendelson SYMPOSIUM VI Cannabinoids: Receptors, Endogenous Ligands and a Newly Synthesized Antagonist Titles and Participants Summary B. R. Martin 52 Pharmacological Profile of SR141716, a Potent and Selective CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist F. Barth Central and Peripheral Endogenous Ligands of the Cannabinoid Receptor System R. Mechoulam Translation of Cannabinoid Receptor Occupancy into Physiological Action S. Deadwyler; R. Hampson; and S. Childers A Specific Cannabinoid Antagonist: Precipitation of Cannabinoid Withdrawal Syndrome B. R. Martin; D. Compton; J. Lowe; and M. Aceto SYMPOSIUM VII Basic Neurobiology of Abused Drugs Titles and Participants Summary T. R. Kosten 54 Neural Pathways in the Brain that Mediate Various Behavioral Aspects of Dependence Including Withdrawal Signs G. F. Koob Neurophysiology of Dopaminergic Neurons F. J. White Adaptations in Intracellullar Signalling Pathways as Mediators of Drug Addiction E. J. Nestler Regulation of Gene Expression by Psychostimulants and Dopamine: Transcription Factor CREB is a Key Molecular Switch S. E. Hyman viii SYMPOSIUM VIII Inhalant Abuse: Our Least Understood Drug Problem Titles and Participants Summary J. R. Glowa 57 Overview of Inhalant Abuse Problems Among Human Populations in the Western United States P. A. May Epidemiology of Inhalant Use C. G. Schütz Behavioral Basis of Inhalant Abuse R. L. Bolster Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Volatile Agents E. J. Moody SYMPOSIUM IX The Documented Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Identification and Administration of New Medications for Treating Drug Abuse Titles and Participants Summary C. Grudzinskas 60 Inter-individual Differences in Drug Metabolism: A Factor in Variable Response to Drugs and Medications R. Woolsey Identification of Substrates, Inhibitors and Determination of Clinical Importance E. M. Sellers Clinical Example: Interactions of Concomitant Medications on Methadone Concentrations J. T. Payte Clinical Example: The P450 Pathways of LAAM and Methadone D. E. Moody Clinical Example: In Vitro Determination of P450 Metabolic Pathways J. Collins Brain P450s: Potential Role in Drug Abuse and its Treatment R. F. Tyndule Impact for Future Research C. V. Grudzinskas ix SYMPOSIUM X Opioid Receptor Signal Transduction in Narcotic Tolerance and Dependence Titles and Participants Summary W.
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