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Work in Progress DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS GENERAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS SITUATION ANALYSIS REPORT WORK IN PROGRESS DEDEA REF: SCMU 9/0809/004 NOVEMBER 2009 SITUATION ANALYSIS REPORT CONTENTS Chapter Description Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objectives of the PIWMP 1 1.2 Scope of the PIWMP 2 1.3 Approach to this PIWMP 3 1.4 Approach to this Situation Analysis 4 1.5 Assumptions and limitations 6 2 GENERAL WASTE MANAGEMENT – PROVINCIAL OVERVIEW 8 2.1 Demographics of the province 8 2.2 Integrated Waste Management Planning 11 2.3 Waste information management 12 2.4 Waste generation 13 2.5 Waste minimisation and recycling 14 2.6 Waste collection and transportation 15 2.7 Waste treatment and disposal 17 2.8 DEDEA institutional details 26 3 GENERAL WASTE MANAGEMENT – DISTRICT OVERVIEW 30 3.1 Amathole District Municipality 30 3.2 Cacadu District Municipality 36 3.3 Chris Hani District Municipality 40 3.4 Ukhahlamba District Municipality 42 3.5 OR Tambo District Municipality 44 3.6 Alfred Nzo District Municipality 48 3.7 Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality 50 4 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT – PROVINCIAL OVERVIEW 53 Waste Situation Analysis - Work in progress draft.doc Rev 0 / Rev 0 / 23/11/09 5 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT – DISTRICT OVERVIEW 54 5.1 Amathole District Municipality 54 5.2 Cacadu District Municipality 55 5.3 Chris Hani District Municipality 55 5.4 Ukhahlamba District Municipality 55 5.5 OR Tambo District Municipality 56 5.6 Alfred Nzo District Municipality 56 5.7 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan 56 6 POLICY AND LEGISLATION 58 6.1 Introduction 58 6.2 International conventions 58 6.3 National Environmental Management: Waste Act (59 of 2008) 60 6.4 Other national legislation 64 6.5 National policies and guidelines 68 6.6 Provincial and local legislation 72 7 CONCLUSIONS 77 8 REFERENCES 78 Waste Situation Analysis - Work in progress draft.doc Rev 0 / Rev 0 / 23/11/09 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Waste questionnaire as issued to local authorities Waste Situation Analysis - Work in progress draft.doc Rev 0 / Rev 0 / 23/11/09 ABBREVIATIONS ADM Amathole District Municipality CHDM Chris Hani District Municipality DEDEA Department of Economic Development and Environmental Affairs DM District Municipality DWEA Department of Water and Environmental Affairs ECA Environment Conservation Act EIA Environmental Impact Assessment GWMP General Waste Management Plan HWMP Hazardous Waste Management Plan IWM Integrated Waste Management IWMP Integrated Waste Management Plan LA Local Authority (Local and District level authorities) LM Local Municipality NEMA National Environmental Management Act NEMWA National Environmental Management: Waste Act (59 of 2008) NWMS National Waste Management Strategy PIWMP Provincial Integrated Waste Management Plan PSC Project Steering Committee SAWIC South African Waste Information Centre WIS Waste Information System Waste Situation Analysis - Work in progress draft.doc Rev 0 / Rev 0 / 23/11/09 DEFINITIONS The outcome of a systematic and consultative decision-making procedure. The option that provides the most Best Practicable benefit and the least damage to the environment (across air, water and land) as a whole, at acceptable cost, Environmental Option: in the long term as well as in the short term. Process, technique, or innovative use of technology, equipment or resources that has a proven record of Best Practice: success in providing significant improvement in cost, schedule, quality, performance, safety, environment, or other measurable factors which impact on an organisation. Cleaner Production: A tool to get waste avoidance, e.g. through product design, engineering and processes. Any person handling or managing hazardous substances or related equipment is ethically responsible for Duty-of-care principle: applying the utmost care. As per the National Environmental Management Act, 2009 means waste that does not pose an immediate hazard or threat to health or to the environment, and includes— (a) domestic waste; General waste: (b) building and demolition waste; (c) business waste: and (d) inert waste. Any waste that contains organic or inorganic elements or compounds that may, owing to the inherent Hazardous waste: physical, chemical or toxicological characteristics of that waste, have a detrimental impact on health and the environment. Illegal waste dumps: Waste sites that are not formalised and permitted according to local and/or provincial or national legislation. Incineration: Any method, technique or process to convert waste to flue gases and residues by means of oxidation. Includes commercial activities, commercial agricultural activities, mining activities and the operation of power Industry: stations; Aims to ensure efficient and effective: • administration, implementation and enforcement of constitutional and statutory environmental Integrated obligations to ensure that development is environmentally sustainable Environmental • develop, implement, enforce and improve systems, projects and programmes, which support the Management: exercise of statutory obligations; and • policies, directives and manuals in support of environmental planning are in place. Area of land set aside for the deposition of general waste, whether it be by filling in of excavations or the Landfill: creation of a landfill above ground, where the word ‘fill’ is used in the engineering sense. Minimum Refers to the Minimum Requirements series of documents relating to the handling, classification, treatment Requirements: and disposal of general and hazardous waste, published by DWAF in 1998 and updated from time to time. Provides guidance for legislation and administration. Does not refer to the development of implementation Policy: plans; does not refer to operational issues; does not define roles and responsibilities. Polluter Pays The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle in international environmental law where the polluting party pays for Principle: the damage done to the natural environment. The precautionary principle permits a lower level of proof of harm to be used in policy-making whenever the consequences of waiting for higher levels of proof may be very costly and/or irreversible: Where a risk is unknown; the assumption of the worst case situation and the making of a provision for such Precautionary a situation; and Principle: Principle adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (1992) that, in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Sustainable The use of goods and services that satisfy basic needs and improve quality of life while minimising the use Consumption: of irreplaceable natural resources and the by-products of toxic materials, waste and pollution. The activity that takes place when waste is exchanged between waste management organisations or Waste Exchange: authorities, in order for it to be of mutual benefit to both parties. Waste from one could even be raw materials for the other. The weight or volume of materials and products that enter any given waste stream before recycling, Waste Generation: composting, land filling or combustion takes place. Can also represent the amount of waste generated by a given source or category of sources. • Avoidance: Preventing waste generation altogether (i.e. zero waste generation); • Recycle: The process of collecting, sorting, cleansing, treating, and reconstituting materials that would otherwise become solid waste, and returning them to the economic mainstream in the form of raw material for new, reused, or reconstituted products which meet the quality standards necessary for them to be used in the marketplace; • Reduce: Source reduction, often called waste minimisation, means consuming and throwing away less. Waste Hierarchy: It encompasses any action undertaken by an individual or organization to eliminate or reduce the amount or toxicity of materials before they enter the municipal solid waste stream. This action is intended to conserve resources, promote efficiency and reduce pollution. Source reduction includes composting, purchasing durable, long-lasting goods, and seeking products and packaging that are as free of toxic compounds as possible. It can be as complex as redesigning a product to use fewer raw materials in production, have a longer life, or be used again after its original use is completed. Because source reduction actually prevents the generation of waste in the first place, it is the most preferred Waste Situation Analysis - Work in progress draft.doc Rev 0 / Rev 0 / 23/11/09 method of waste management and goes a long way toward protecting the environment and supporting sustainable development; • Reuse / recover: The recovery or reapplication of a package or product for uses similar or identical to its originally intended application, without manufacturing or preparation processes that significantly alter the original package or product. Recovery can also refer to the recovery of energy from waste; • Minimisation: Simple strategic reduction of waste at source, through improved manufacturing methodologies, more careful work procedures, and revised and improved product specifications. Waste minimisation is a broader term than prevention. Waste prevention covers ‘prevention’, ‘reduction at source’ and ‘re-use of products’. Waste minimisation,
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