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GRAMMAR 1 Compound Words Compound word is formed by joining two words together. Eg— eye + brow — eyebrow sun + flower — sunflower eye + lid — eyelid flower + pot — flowerpot In this way, the new word formed by joining two words is called a compound word. Some important compound words of your textbook are as following : Compound Words (From Let's Learn English) Words Words Words someday prayer-assembly cobweb household classroom everyday something fireworks flowerbed magiclamp understood chatterbox motherland overcome dustbin fire-crackers untidy sleepless firefly unhappy unjust unconscious newspaper goldsmith showroom wonderful impatient ourselves carefully homework notebook handmade playground everyone whatever waterbodies nothing teenage autorickshaw unjust 5 (From Let’s Learn English) Match A with B to form meaningful compound words. A B A B 1. over hold 6. house paper 2. dust box 7. chatter room 3. fire ray 8. news bin 4. sun bed 9. flower land 5. mother come 10. show crackers (From Let’s Learn English) Write the words from which these compound words have been formed: 1. playground = ............................................. + ............................................. 2. bedsheet = ............................................. + ............................................. 3. whatever = ............................................. + ............................................. 4. notebook = ............................................. + ............................................. 5. firefly = .............................................+ ............................................. 6. buttonhole = .............................................+ ............................................. 7. classroom = .............................................+ ............................................. (Sentences from Let’s Learn English) Fill in the blanks using appropriate words from the box : lamp bin web place work made room 1. I threw the bits of paper in the dust.................................... 2. We’ll all make our class .................................... clean. 3. The cob .................................... is on the wall. 4. We all do our home .................................... ourselves. 5. We use hand .................................... paper arms and masks on Dussehra. 6. Whenever someone rubbed the magic ...................................., the genie used to come out. 7. We should be disciplined at our work ................................... 6 Exercise 1 1. overcome, 2. dustbin, 3. fire-crackers, 4. sunray, 5. motherland, 6. household, 7. chatterbox, 8. newspaper, 9. flowerbed, 10. showroom. Exercise 2 1. play + ground, 2. bed + sheet, 3. what + ever, 4. note + book, 5. fire + fly, 6. button + hole, 7. class + room. Exercise 3 1. bin, 2. room, 3. web, 4. work, 5. made, 6. lamp, 7. place. 7 2 Opposites (Antonyms) The words which have opposite meanings with each other are called opposite words or antonyms. Eg- Good and Bad; Bad is opposite word of Good or Good is opposite word of Bad. Opened Closed Some Rules of Forming Opposite Words Rule 1. Some opposite words can be formed by adding dis before words. Eg :— Words Opposites like dislike honest dishonest obey disobey allow disallow Rule 2. Some opposite words can be formed by adding un before words. Eg :— Words Opposites kind unkind happy unhappy lucky unlucky well unwell Rule 3. Some opposite words are formed by adding in before words. Eg :— Words Opposites correct incorrect direct indirect discipline indiscipline complete incomplete 8 Rule 4. Some opposite words are formed by adding mis before words. Eg :— Words Opposites use misuse fortune misfortune Rule 5. Some opposite words are formed by adding ir, il or im before words. Eg — Words Opposites regular irregular legal illegal possible impossible Rule 6. Some opposite words are formed by adding less in place of ful in the end of words. Eg — Words Opposites useful useless careful careless Rule 7. Some opposite words are formed by replacing opposite prefix in the words. Eg— Words Opposites inside outside indoor outdoor Rule 8. Some words cannot be changed into opposite words by above rules and their opposite words are to remember. Eg— Words Opposites good bad come go weak strong close open Some Important Opposites (From Let's Learn English) Words Opposites Words Opposites afraid brave deep shallow empty full last first small big dirty clean black white many few 9 Words Opposites Words Opposites like dislike busy idle right left sad happy bad good correct wrong high short night day give take stop start evil good friend enemy worried carefree long short great little fall rise stupid intelligent pleasant unpleasant light dark top bottom old new same different near far open close left right loyal disloyal cruel merciful buy sell over under after before poor rich free dependent morning evening often seldom forget remember use misuse victory defeat appear disappear able incapable easy difficult go come (From Let’s Learn English) Complete the following sentences by filling up the opposite word to that of given in bracket against each sentence : 1. One day, Shivam and Nitin got up.................... (late) 2. The school is ours. Let us clean it ...................... (carelessly) 3. The elephants laughed thinking how ............. rats could help them. (big) 4. Boys, at first be .................... and listen to me patiently. (loud) 5. You all are ....................... students. (bad) 6. In ....................... parts of India, Ramleela is organized during Navratris. (few) 10 7. The boy who writes the word on the board first, will ...................... a point. (spend) 8. Pranayam ............................... blood pressure. (increases) 9. One day a lonely boy named Pankaj, ................... the lamp. (lost) 10. When I drink ....................... water, I feel pain in my teeth. (hot) (From Let’s Learn English) Complete the following sentences by filling up the opposite word to that of given in bracket against each sentence : 1. When ......................... shines upon, the stars show their little light. (everything) 2. Why are there so ......................... students in the class today ? (many) 3. One year, there was no rain, so the pond started to .........................up. (wet) 4. Bring a ......................... stick. (short) 5. The princely states were ......................... to the British. (disloyal) 6. The state police went to Rastapal village to ......................... the school. (open) 7. Roshanlal ......................... cars. (hated) 8. He had driven an old, ......................... car for so many years. (fast) 9. They went to the park for a ......................... walk. (evening) 10. In the beginning, you may find it ......................... to sit in this pose. (easy) (From Let’s Learn English) The sentences given below have some underlined words. Fill in the blanks choosing their opposites from the box. good west clean women truth mother boys small 1. You are telling a lie but I am telling the ......................... 2. We should give up bad habits but always follow .................... habits. 3. The park of my colony is dirty but the park of your colony is ............. 4. Love girls and ......................... equally. 5. Men and ....................... of Rajasthan are brave. 11 6. My father works in the field and my ......................... helps him. 7. The sun rises in the east and sets in the .......................... (From Board Paper 2017) 8. An elephant is a big animal but a fox is a ...................... animal. (From Let’s Learn English) A pair of opposite words is given in the bracket against each of the sentences below. Choose the suitable word and fill in the blanks : 1. Pranayam should be done on an ................. (empty/full) stomach. 2. Sit .................... (calmly/noisely) on the mat. 3. Many homes of the rats were .................... (destroyed/saved) under elephant's big feet. 4. He asked some of the ........................ (weak/strong) rats in his group to come along. 5. We did not ........................ (collect/throw) these bits of papers. 6. We will make our class ........................ (dirty/clean). 7. Lord Ram got ..................... (defeat/victory) over Ravan. 8. Dussehra is a symbol of victory of .................. (bad/good) over evil. 9. This is the story of a boy who does not ............ (dislike/like) to study. 10. In spite of warnings, people use these ........... (harmless/harmful) things. Write the opposites of the following words : 1. big .................................. 2. many .................................. 3. calmly .................................. 4. destroyed .................................. 5. collect .................................. 6. go .................................. 7. weak .................................. 8. harmful .................................. 9. like .................................. 10. empty .................................. 11. right .................................. 12. love .................................. 13. beautiful .................................. 14. hard .................................. 15. kind .................................. 16. rich .................................. 17. strong .................................. 18. old .................................. 12 19. just .................................. 20. down .................................. 21. something .................................. 22. honour .................................

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