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Home , Cherokee Nation, Cherokee Phoenix, Fort Cass, James Vann, Trail of Tears, Treaty of New Echota

National Historic Trail , , U.S. Departm ent of the Interior Trail of Tears , Alabam a, Kentucky, , ᎤᏲ ᎨᏥᎢᎵᏙᏄ ᎠᏂᎶᏔᎽ , Missouri, expensive had everyone have way — these or might ... Missionary

over the

chosen of

poor put

more

government

exterminating

sixty;

to under

and Daniel people.

a death mercifully

most rather

painful

Butrick

a

year

it

prosperous of the As lished of Adopting every each Still, the stretching they but spirits here and that A 10 for European In

Dwindling traveler

under Hotston over next of 1791 1721 fire. percent the the a

most land Cherokee 1700s,

cascading spring something symbol they several survive? no

home

their United 1600s 70 half remain (July The The

longer US had

¿ft

years, of and places many endured. diseases from through their of

protection

Cherokee treaties life own in 2) Cherokee fire of them

about whittled

their Phoenix, The -- States,

the Cherokee

The by and — force their work streams.

— lands the is

the of

Nation courts, one

shone 1 answers

New missing are

8

Treaty the

that, original devastated 25,000 Cherokee their the 19 Ohio Cherokee

. them revival, sign envied they the

away Americans' gone. : people political

after l southern over over

and The ire of the land language River to

Lands drafted from

Cherokee

are

Ceremony

cede territory. •* Cherokee

their Where the

by created first the

people a

Sacred or

had

the

unified

on and to

their

the ..

mythical

hunt I

Appalachians

newspaper northern unquenchable shaped Cherokee a the is

forested economic did

• to road portrays The constitution,

who a Cherokee following the in

1828 white on

w*to lived

F Cherokee the written Trail

and their lands northern they ire

the Trail

'Georgia from once lived

.

bird forests. — The

a on neighbors. the

landscape, Georgia. new of

rekindled — throughout displaced stable and of go? mountains was

their lands year,

discovery language. lands features Tears. down source

reborn Tears, realizes Georgia

one

thirst

Do

Nation. Gold named

estab Ihcir

much old

in

But to by

Cherokee

of

Rush

home Indian

of Max

leads ­

of

gold

it ”

in the

D. on Territory. to

Appalachia on

-

Standley,

the

long Andrew in appropriated two the versed The 1832 18 out openly Cherokee by In business, passed Meanwhile and the Removal president Events American their Cherokee 25 to In they From The

Georgia. JO

publicly years 1803

Worcester Chief

Indian

of Indians days

Cherokee for (May

struggled Lotteries own

the

options.

in Removal

dismissed accelerated laws Thomas Jackson eastern their later.

Justice testifying Removal Act,

26) held the

time * * > in to (known republic.

support

the residing

Cherokee prohibiting Cherokee literate. enabling removal. steadily Cherokee Far left: Lands of the distance 100 1828.

Congress v. George VS are C removal haract providing

Nation, signs with Europeans sovereign Georgia state

John Jefferson

years tribes legal held

Act: at

the

In as

er against after removing

it how Above: reduced

Gilt)

of in 1830

many President the ruling. Left

lands for Cherokee Marshall, passes Phoenix. themselves Act into before people though, hadproduced leaders system, west

were

Georgia, any

the

them "for Andrew

'Old to land

completed Congress

Sequoyah became law

whites, and Cherokee arrived

Their

of of live One in US The forced their were

an

■ Indians,

the was leaders the Settlers rights. the

from syllabary

instead alongside Supreme

ruled

newspaper, exchange

home Cherokee

■ from Jackson

of

river states confirms distinct Indians Georgia the 1832 bilingual. in

passed west. to an conducting '

President the

” who

in become first and 86-

the )

mining to (March in . moved

?

a will or

1832

Court, New

sovereign Some are 1821, the

was the native

expanding

of president

that for were fought the adversity the

territories, fo

a that lands Cherokee,

US

3) World, elected the

nation for Indian the Jac west of

running headed tribal people. Supreme In

next the

back. gold. the

kson rgotten Cherokee

powers. Worcester with ” no

people

on

one holding well

Court t hear

v.

might temporary homes forcibly Cherokee New party* 1835 1838 voluntarily to set: of authority leadcrs but, were stretched by The treaty, One agents On it protested members, The people fiercely in Indian The

and law.

chains, Indian New and 1836.

who

the

In Echota. (Dec government removed (May) Cherokee after by

taken

and leaders

The exchange

removed and descended Territory Gathering

were to heels l-xhota one the the resisted

The removal

29) camps Territory. great chiefs of marched from sway from the

Cherokee led

treaty

which in away move.

the hear

-Cherok,. broken people sign deported , Twenty of

perse'ùeréd^r^J^^ agreement, late

by

resisted

faced American in losses .

from Tennessee

and tribes Cherokee the in for removal —present-day

the

leads by anguished gave Major

1835. to 1831 on Mississippi

Though forts. Indian are $5

the their 'treaty Treaty nearby

the in were

to the the The

million to removal

Ridge end the whose Storm and

southeastern

from political Indian

by

government,

most tribe thè Cherokee of to

conditions Removal

removed.

the of

May Georgia Arkansas

and the their to

1837. Oklahoma.

Muscogee was overwhelming and homeland majority

Territory are they Cherokee Band by 1838

sign 1836 opinion.

tribe acting

pride earlier

The quickly

the looked Act, two

to

live Agents Nation Wars,

of A the Congress for

and signed native

Indian

would bases group Seminóles Cherokee

Andrew land a land far 1829-37. government on years of

remove treaties

avoid outside first removal Creeks,

white by Still, had

Illinois,

Cherokee to some land left: homeland tribes. moved

coerced

for

lottery. transferred

1842. of peoples. the

voice their

Territory removal

relocate to removal Cherokee once

20

made today's settler North Deed Jackson, ceded

the was These Indians Chief Treaty the 4,000 the many-

were tribal left; to

of to

Center/eft. southeastern

removal. .

resistance determined his

for

Carolina

Cherokee to in Eastern 1828-66. because

John

in

tribe Principal preside

Georgia's Chero them

1832 t

- Ross, ’ s

ke

nt led to

to e

W

Conrad goal by next detachments Cass. route of Cherokee hundreds they wagon each, removal. General To poorly-supplied rivers traveled camps, driven against Most Fire 15,000 Indian next In in 1838,7,000 Echota: 1838 Cherokee

the the June Georgia, save

two they in (Aug. suffered

Tennessee two

detachment

and Cherokee

northern

to — people

Cherokee for leads Territory. 13 the his then the

months, few sometimes the Scott Indian carried groups. Ross days,

the 23) died Nation 800

soldiers people, Cherokee

army where

depart had the Tennessee. concentrated

and terribly

Cherokee Cherokee

organized to

route miles, Twelve but

in first most Territory. refused Trail

out moved along let boats.

forced Despite Diseases loaded

remained

the in Cherokee over desertions Principal

under

land at the of

traveling

the taking during more Nation. camps bayonet

Fort the the Hair

Ohio,

Cherokee of after to traveled from ashes detachments Cherokee

prearranged

Gen.

recognize The trail. raged in

alive up

Tears

the Chief families

or Mississippi, and The two larger and fatalities their

saved first point to Winfield on

hard Cherokee woman, man out John 1838 1838 through though, by

eight months years.

removal

control John

the homes,

onto

boat reached removal foot, of —to

from were the married (Oct. Benge (Sept. winter. of supply points,

journey. Fort

Ross

were The adequate winter endured Left In homelands rivers, Scott leads about flatboats Treaty

"round-up" the horse, to in the

11) their uprooted

effort the Payne. 28) plagued many

leads

Indian five the

Blocked to Of camps. petitioned cramped,

removed

660

John Sacred

moved many Arkansas spring Cherokee weather 1,000

to a spirits The

of own and about 'Civilized

weeks

a Cherokee begun Alabama clothing. its pro-treaty reach that New Territory detachment Bell, in

the Cherokee and by

the

of

from

of without a icebound

leader

white .

harsh Tribes*

Right:

their

the delegates Cherokee ments in route 1839 1839 The the remembering story injustice, Indian Cherokee Cherokee Fire that publication. the and tion. their and the Cherokee strife arrived Weak Meeting Despite Indian A

reunited Southeast

(Sept. (Jan.

detachment, Cherokee homelands Nation

arrive Tahlequah addressed Cherokee of

The

lives. of and

and Territory;

nations.

sign Elijah

the

4) in survival, the “

other 6) Old

tribe

Cherokee intolerance, in proved and into the The Indian traumatized,

In Cherokee a Cherokee political late By Hicks, constitution

Settlers." September

Indian Supreme

harsh the first

other Advocate, challenges

final reelected three many of 1S46

led became Renewed The March

of

Territory resilient southern past arrives

land Nation. by

detach a the

discord,

Trail removal removed people factions:

of Removal Nation

— and

Court three

for their the 17 John not 1839

a ­ as

of

in

detachments suffering. . bilingual in

Cherokee

they Tears only thriving

the the Historic the routes 1987 factions delegates burned differences. had also building Svere Ross 1838 tribes pro-treaty, grounds Carolina eastern of The

Cherokee Trail ensuing Cherokee rebuilt

in story Appalachian Congress and

as

are

forcibly

Oklahoma,

Trail. endure

of newspaper,

But in

again. had Principal Tennessee

to were capital. opened divided added 1839.

signed

Tears the of is their

years. countless In this

signed anti-treuty,

The people one

reconstructed Cherokee establishes removed

present 2009 home The as National

nation, is a

Mountain

of vigorous its Sacred In the Today

Chief constitu and also

but

more treaty a

before

and racial began

doors. 1S44

generations

treaty

while

North

in a

- the hunting

the

they

j.

­

in

. j

’

RETRACE THE TRAIL Look for official national Trail of 1? The sites of Trail of Tears National historic trail signs. The Tears Historic Trail, stretching 5,043 miles across Auto Tour Route signs nine states, together form a journey of along highways, streets, compassion and understanding. The and backcountry roads Auto Tour Original National Park Service administers the guide you to official trail Route Route trail in partnership with the Trail of Tears sites and segments. The Association; the ; the Original Route signs tell Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians; you that you are retracing federal, state, county, and local agencies; the exact or nearly exact interested groups; and private George Murrell married a Chero­ Elkhorn Tavern (reconstructed) at Camp Ground Cemetery near Hikers retrace a portion of the Blocked by the icebound Ohio, Cherokee built his was a stopping Tennessee's Red Clay State landowners. Trail sites are in private, kee woman and journeyed with Pea Ridge , Anna. Illinois, is said to contain original northern route where it some 1.700 Cherokee camped house near what is now Dalton. point and hospital during removal. Historic Area near Chattanooga historic route taken by the municipal, tribal, federal, or state her to . In 1845 he Arkansas, witnessed thousands of the graves of Cherokee who winds through the Crabb-Abbott near Mantle Rock in Livingston Georgia. For many Cherokee, its cemetery has a reconstruction of the Cherokee during the ownership. Please ask for permission built this house near Tahlequah. Cherokee passing by. camped nearby Farm near Grantsburg, Illinois. County, Kentucky. is their final resting place. Cherokee Council House. removal. CtICUM before visiting any trail sites on private lands and check with public sites for visiting hours and regulations. At Trail of Tears www.nps.gov/trte click on Plan Your National Historic Trail Visit for in-depth travel planning.

REMOVAL CAMPS After being forcibly removed from their homes in Georgia. Alabama. Tennessee, and North Carolina, most Cherokee are moved into 11 removal camps—10 in Tennessee and one in Alabama. There they await the start of an 800-mile journey. TRAIL'S END The last detachment arrives in ROSS'S LANDING Indian Territory on March 24, Location: Present-day Chattanooga. 1839. The Cherokee are promised Tennessee. From June 6 to June 17,1838, subsistence rations through March BENGE ROUTE three detachments are forced to leave 1,1840. in compliance with the Starting from Fort Payne, on September their homeland for Indian Territory. Treaty of . 28, 1838, Cherokee leader John Benge escorts 1,079 Cherokee toward present- day Stilwell, Oklahoma. VANN'S PLANTATION Location: Present-day Charleston. Location: Present-day Wolftever Creek, Tennessee. From August 23 to Tennessee. Two detachments totaling December 5. 1838, 10 detachments 1,642 Cherokee leave in September 1831 totaling 9.302 Cherokee arc bound for Indian Territory. marched from Fort Cass toward Indian Territory.

BLYTHE FERRY Location: Meigs County, Tennessee. Nine detachments with more than 9,000 Indians cross the .

Taylor Route

BELL ROUTE Starting from Fort Cass on October 11, 1838. John Bell of the Treaty Party leads 660 Cherokee, ending at present-day Evansville. Arkansas.

TAHLEQUAH. OKLAHOMA The Cherokee National Council Drane Route designates Tahlequah as the overland water route capital of the Cherokee Nation on October 19. 1841.

WATER DETACHMENTS Cherokee removals from Ross's Landing Deas-Whiteley Route and Fort Cass include four water route overland water route detachments that prove to be punishing for the Indians: 3.103 depart; 2.273 arrive at Mrs. Webber's Plantation (near present- day Stilwell). Fort Coffee. Lee's Creek (near Stilwell), and Illinois Campground (near Tahlequah). DhGWy

MORE INFORMATION Trail of Tears National Historic National Park Service Trail is administered by the National Trails National Park Service as a Tears Intermountain Region component of the National

PO Box 728 Trails System. Visit www.nps.gov Santa Fe, and www.nps.gov/nts to learn 87504-0728 more about national parks and of

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Trail of Tears Association To foster trail preservation, do

1100 North University, Suite 143 not use metal detectors, dig at Little Rock. AR 72207 sites, collect artifacts, or remove 501 666-9032 anything. Please respect these www.nationaltota.org historic places. Oft

Trail Trail of Tears, by Robert Lindneaux e <«xa*x vkuuM