2021 National 4-H Forestry Invitational Glossary
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Chainsaw Vibrations, a Useful Parameter for the Automatic Tree Volume Estimations and Production Assessment Of
655 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 58, 2017 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Remigio Berruto, Pietro Catania, Mariangela Vallone Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-52-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758110 Chainsaw Vibrations, a Useful Parameter for the Automatic Tree Volume Estimations and Production Assessment of Felling Operations Raimondo Gallo*a, Filippo Nallia, Luca Corteseb, David Knollseisenc, Werner c a Noggler , Fabrizio Mazzetto aFaculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen (FUB), Piazza Universitá 5, 39100 Bolzano (Italy) bMechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome (Italy) cAzienda Provinciale Foreste e Demanio, Via Michael-Pacher 13, 39100 Bolzano (Italy) [email protected] An innovative approach for the automatic operational monitoring of motor-manual felling activities with chainsaw is here described and discussed. This new system of assessment can be considered as a solution for Precision Forestry (PF) applications and can be employed as a ICT tool for the management of the forest companies. Aim of the proposed system is to manage operational information such as: a) positioning of each felling operation inside the forest, b) measurement of the time spent to carry out the felling, c) estimation of the size of every felled tree, and in the end, d) the analysis of the productivity of the felling operations. This experience is based on the operative principle which considers that the lumberjack, during the actual cutting, drives the chainsaw with the engine at the highest number of rpm. -
Sustainable Forestry
FNR-182 Purdue University - Forestry and Natural Resources & Natural Re ry sou st rc re e o s F A Landowner’s Guide to Sustainable Forestry in Indiana PURDUE UNIVERSITY Part 3. Keeping the Forest Healthy and Productive Ron Rathfon, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University Lenny Farlee, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry Sustainable forest Environmental Factors Affecting management requires an Forest Growth and Development understanding of site productivity and heredi- • Climate tary factors that affect • Soil forest growth and devel- • Topography or lay of the land opment, as well as factors • Fungi, plant & animal interactions like climate, soil, topogra- phy or lay of the land, and • Disturbances how fungi, plants, and animals interact and help A remarkable variety of forests grow in Indiana. Over or harm each other. 100 different native species of trees intermingle in Ron Rathfon Sustainable forest various combinations. They flourish in swamps, anchor Deep soils and ample soil management also requires sand dunes, cling precariously to limestone precipices, moisture on this northeast- knowledge of each bind riverbanks against ravaging spring floods, and sink facing, upland site promote species’ unique needs and tap roots deep into rich, fertile loam. the growth of a lush adaptations, how a forest understory shrub layer and Trees, like all other green plants, require sunlight, heat, changes over time, and fast-growing, well-formed how it responds when water, nutrients, and space to thrive. Environment trees. determines the availability of essential requirements. disturbed by fire, insect Foresters refer to this availability as site productivity. outbreak, tornado, or timber harvesting. -
Felling Hazard Trees with Explosives Bob Beckley, Project Leader
United States Department of Agriculture Safety and Health Forest Service Technology & Development Program April 2008 6700 0867–2325–MTDC Felling Hazard Trees With Explosives Bob Beckley, Project Leader elling hazard trees is extremely dangerous. It can also be dangerous to leave hazard trees standing, because FFthey can fall unexpectedly. Removing hazard trees with explosives (figure 1) can be a safe alternative to cutting the trees down. Workers can be a safe distance away when the hazard tree falls. Explosives and ignition systems are safe and reliable when used properly. The Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, explosives program is one of the agency’s safest programs. Certified blasters need a “Hazard Trees” endorsement on their certification card (figure 2) to Figure 1—Fireline explosives have been wrapped around the trunk of this hazard tree. Note the catface (scar on the trunk), splits, cracks, and the fell hazard trees with explosives. separation of part of the trunk. Trees with these warning signs can be too dangerous for most sawyers to fell, but are excellent candidates for felling with explosives. -Blasting & Explosives Certificate- Agency: Issue Date: • Some trees with excessive decay or fire Name: DOB: damage are too hazardous for sawyers to License No: State: fell safely. Often, explosives can be used -Work Authorized- Height: Weight: to fell such trees. Initials Issued BlasteBy: r-In-Training • Trees felled with explosives have jagged Photo stumps that appear more natural than Blaster Examiner ApprovedBla By:ster sawn stumps, an advantage in • Transport/SSupervisortore/Inspect • 10 Holes wilderness settings. FS-6700-27 (03/08) Front ice, only certified • Rocks/Stumps/Ditches • In the Forest Serv • Quarry blasters with a “Hazard Trees” • Demolition explosives to • Destroy Explosives endorsem ent can use • Hazard Trees trees. -
High Grade Harvesting It Is Important to Note That There Is a Wide Range of Variability to High Grading
HighGrade Harvesting Understand the impacts, know your options. Paul Catanzaro University of Massachusetts Amherst Anthony D'Amato University of Massachusetts Amherst Introduction “ I thought I did the As a landowner, you may be approached by a logger or forester to have a “high grade” harvest of your RIGHT THING. woods, which they typically call “selective cutting.” Selective cutting refers to a harvest that does not I did a selective cut all of the trees. cut, not a clearcut. However, there are many forms of selective cutting. While high grading does leave trees after the I WAS TOLD harvest, the critical issues to consider are whether the harvest will meet your immediate goals and if the that I could be remaining trees will best meet your future goals. back in there All woodlands do not provide equal benefits. The number, size, type, and quality of the trees left after cutting IN harvesting all affect what your woods will become in the future and, as a direct result, what benefits your woods 10 YEARS.” will provide to you and those that follow. High grading generally takes the best trees and leaves the rest, and may not meet your needs. This pamphlet will help you make informed decisions about the sale of timber from your land by providing information on high grading and forest management using silviculture. It also gives you information on resources and professional foresters who can help you. 3 Definitions High Grading SILVICULTURE High grading liquidates the value of the woods by: Silviculture - The art and science of controlling the ❶ Removing the largest, most valuable trees and, establishment, growth, composition, health, and quality of forests to meet the diverse needs and ❷ Increasing the composition of the poorer quality and values of landowners and society on a sustainable traditionally low-value species (e.g., red maple, beech, basis. -
The Ecological Roots of New Approaches to Forestry by Fred Swanson and Dean Berg
The Ecological Roots of New Approaches to Forestry by Fred Swanson and Dean Berg uring the 1940s through the cepts of natural disturbance and suc- played a pivotal role in this transfor- 1980s, forest management cessional processes. Itwas commonly mation. In the broadest sense, we are and research in the Pacific argued, for example, that clearcutting moving from treating forest manage- Northwest focused largely mimics natural disturbance by wild- ment as a series of discreet operations on harvesting natural stands fire-but is not as wasteful because to viewing forests as ecological sys- and establishing Douglas fir the wood is harvested and used. tems. One of the central components plantations. This was accomplished But, forestry is in the midst of a ofthis emerging emphasis on integra- with relative efficiency by clearcutting, major transformation. A5HalSalwasser tive management is leaving residual burning woody residues, establishing of the u.s. Forest Service New Per- forest structures (e.g., trees, snags, dense stands of a single tree species, spectives Program has pointed out, down logs,) as biological legacies to hastening crown closure, suppressing we are involved in an evolution across be carried over from one stand to the competing vegetation, and other prac- three stages of natural resource man- next. tices. From an economic perspective, agement: from regulation of uses, to Although some of the techniques such intensive silvicultural practices sustained yield management, to sus- involved in managing biologicallega- provided a relatively high short-term tainable ecosystem management. Re- cies may be relatively new, the under- return on investment. Biologically, search within and at the interfaces lyingconcepts have evolved over more these practices seemed at least super- between wildlife biology, fisheries, than a decade. -
Patterns of Plant Community Structure Within and Among Primary and Second-Growth Northern Hardwood Forest Stands
Forest Ecology and Management 258 (2009) 2556–2568 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Patterns of plant community structure within and among primary and second-growth northern hardwood forest stands Julia I. Burton a,*, Eric K. Zenner b, Lee E. Frelich c, Meredith W. Cornett d a Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States b School of Forest Resources, The Pennsylvania State University, 305 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States c Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States d The Nature Conservancy in Minnesota, 394 Lake Avenue South, Duluth, MN 55802, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Forest scientists advocate the use of natural disturbance-based forest management for restoring the Received 4 May 2009 characteristics of old-growth forests to younger second-growth northern hardwood stands. However, Received in revised form 4 August 2009 prescriptions rely upon studies that have (1) not spanned the full range of conditions and species Accepted 5 September 2009 assemblages, and (2) focused primarily on contrasting old-growth and mature second-growth stands at a single scale. To examine how the legacy of historical logging activities influences forest structure and Keywords: function, we compared and contrasted patterns of plant community structure within and among second- Forest structure growth and primary stands on the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, USA — near the current Natural disturbance-based forest range limits of the dominant species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum). -
The Southeastern Forester, Summer, 2009 Page 1 Page 2 the Southeastern Forester, Summer, 2009 MESSAGE from the CHAIR
TheThe SoutheasternSoutheastern ForesterForester "Representing the Forestry Profession in Alabama, Florida and Georgia" Volume 28, Number 3 Summer 2009 The Southeastern Forester, Summer, 2009 Page 1 Page 2 The Southeastern Forester, Summer, 2009 MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR Welcome to the First Edition of our Annual Meeting will continue to A publication of SESAF, new Southeastern Forester be held in the first quarter of each the Southeastern Society of electronic newsletter! We hope year, hosted by the prior year’s American Foresters, you like the new format and Chairman with the help of the P.O. Box 2945 delivery vehicle. If you would incoming Chairman. The LaGrange, Georgia 30241 prefer a hard copy version, it’s just Reception and Silent Auction will (706) 845-9085 FAX (706) 883-8215 a click away (hit your print button). start at 6:00 pm CST on Sunday [email protected] About 10% of our members do not evening, February 07, after the EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: have an email address. If you know OEW. We have a full slate of someone that does not have access speakers already confirmed for all Chair Mark Thomas to email, print them a hard copy or day Monday, February 08, and 847 Willow Oak Dr. ask them to call our office (706-845- Tuesday, wrapping up at 12:00 Birmingham, AL 35244-1614 205-733-0477 (O) 9085) and a paper copy will be promptly mailed noon. Dr. David South has worked extremely 205-288-7162 © to them. Many thanks to Doris Jefferson and hard and has put together a tremendous slate of Email:[email protected] Molly Allen for doing an outstanding job internationally renowned speakers. -
Tree Felling & Rigging Safety
Tree Felling & Rigging Safety Presented by: Kevin K. Eckert Arbor Global ISA Board Certified Master Arborist WE-1785BU Tree Felling & Rigging Tree felling and rigging required to best manage tree function, health and safety Tree Felling & Rigging Felling and rigging is physical and potentially hazardous • Logs and branches may be very heavy • Defects may be present, but not visible to unqualified person • Requires skilled, well-trained workers: • All qualifications for personnel and equipment • Understand tree anatomy and structure • Practical knowledge in tree biomechanics • Understand dynamic and shock loading of equipment • Advanced experience and ability in rigging Tree Felling & Rigging Safety Too often, unqualified individuals fell and rig trees or Experienced workers not trained or ignore safety practices • Significantly increases risk to worker and public • Results in injuries and sometimes fatalities • Damages trees and property Tree Felling & Rigging Accidents Most common felling and rigging accidents: • Crush • Lacerations and punctures • Chain saw cuts Tree Felling & Rigging Safety Always follow safety requirements: • Applicable laws and regulations (OSHA) • ANSI Z133.1 standards • Manufacturer’s tool and equipment instructions Inspection of Gear Correct equipment • Designed and rated for felling and rigging Adequate size and strength for loads • Working load limits conformed • Load <20% of rated and calculated tensile strengt h • Considering age/wear and knots Inspection of Gear Inspect all equipment according to manufacturer’s -
How to Cut Down a Tree: Safe and Effective Tree Felling, Limbing and Bucking
FWM-00200 UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS How to Cut Down a Tree: Safe and Effective Tree Felling, Limbing and Bucking The occasional, nonprofessional sawyer will greatly benefit by learning the basic methods used in tree felling and cutting. Many Alaskans use chainsaws around their homes trimming, log home building and more. and properties. In this publication basic techniques used to cut down a tree and render it into logs and According to the federal Occupational Safety and firewood will be presented. The term “sawyer” will Health Administration (OSHA), “More people are refer to the person cutting down, or “felling,” the tree killed while felling trees than any other logging activ- and making products from it, including firewood, ity.” A minor chainsaw cut can be dangerous and hard cabin and saw logs. to treat in the field. Safety must be the top priority when operating a chainsaw for any use. More dan- Private forest landowners often harvest timber to gerous than injuries caused by the running chainsaw manage and improve their woodlot and make use of itself are those injuries caused when the sawyer or a trees that have been windblown, killed by insects or helper are struck by something that falls out of the selected for removal. In forested regions of Alaska, the tree or is catapulted into the air by the act of the tree chainsaw may be the most common power hand tool being felled. Again, safety first. and it is also recognized as the most hazardous power hand tool. It is imperative that the operator/sawyer Tree cutting can be dangerous whether done by a and those working close by pay special attention to homeowner or by commercial tree cutters. -
Archival Copy. for Current Version, See
Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 4-H 331 REPRINTED JULY 2005 $8.00 Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 Oregon 4-H Forestry Member Manual Contents Lesson 1: Welcome to Oregon 4-H Forestry 1 Lesson 2: Forests in Oregon 4 Lesson 3 Looking Closer 7 Lesson 4 Succession 9 Lesson 5 Oregon's Most Common Trees 12 Lesson 6: How to Find a Tree's Family Tree 14 Lesson 7 Growing Every Which Way' 18 Lesson 8: From Seedlings to Spires 21 Lesson 9: Spreading the Seed 23 Lesson 10 The Dynamic Forest Ecosystem 26 Lesson 11 Silviculture Equals Forest Management 30 Lesson 12: Fire 33 Lesson 13: Wildlife and the Forest 36 Lesson 14 Harvesting 39 Lesson 15 Trees in Urban Ecosystems 43 Appendices Appendix A Answers to forestry puzzles 46 Appendix B Extension pubhcations The Wildlife Garden 48 Glossary of Tree Terms 49 Resources and Acknowledgments 52 Adapted for use in Oregon from Minnesota Extension Service 4-H youth forestry materials by Judy Dickerson, former 4-H youth development faculty. Josephine County; and Virginia Bourdeau, Extension specialist, 4-H youth development, Oregon State University. Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 Lesson 1 Welcome to Oregon 4-H Forestry is a wonderful state. Forested land is found in every region. It's good to know about the types of Oregonplants and land use that dominate your home state. You are in charge of writing a The goals of the Oregon 4-H Forestry Project are to give recipe for a forest. -
2019 Lumberjack Full
P.O. Box 388 • Elkins, WV 26241 • Office: (304) 636-1824 • Fax: (304) 636-4020 • www.foresCesDval.com Dear Prospective Contestant: The 83rd Mountain State Forest Festival will be held in Elkins, West Virginia, September 28 – October 6, 2019. The Lumberjack Contests will be held at the Coronation Platform on the campus of Davis and Elkins College on Saturday morning, October 5, 2019. Registration begins at 7:00 AM; events begin at 8:30 AM. A list of events and prize money is shown in the following table. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Event Place Place Place Place Place Place Chain Saw $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 World Champion $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 Two-Person Each Each Each Each Each Each Crosscut World Championship $200.00 $125.00 $75.00 $50.00 $25.00 Jack and Jill Each Each Each Each Each Crosscut Using Any Saw Jill and Jill Crosscut $200.00 $125.00 $75.00 $50.00 $25.00 Using Any Saw Each Each Each Each Each World Championship $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 Tree Felling Chopping $250.00 $200.00 $150.00 $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 Axe Throwing $150.00 $100.00 $75.00 $50.00 $25.00 $15.00 * Grand Champion $400.00 $300.00 $150.00 The total amount of prize money is $7,290.00, plus Springboard and Hard Hit awards. An entry fee of $10.00 per person, per event must be submitted with your entry form. -
Tips for Felling a Tree Keep You Safe, the Job Easier
Tips for felling a tree keep By Bill Kohlbrand ou’ve read the preceding Y“how-to” article about chainsaw sense and wood cutting and are familiar with the techniques. Now that you know about compres- sion and tension, we’ll talk about felling a tree. To determine the “com- pression” side of the tree, we size it up using some 1 4 criteria: • Lean • Limb placement • Snow load • Wind Usually, these few fac- tors will determine which way a tree wants to fall. These other factors will help determine the intend- ed lay of a tree: • Species (woods of dif- ferent species vary in strength and bending 2 5 ability) • Powerlines and other overhead hazards • Live or dead (as a rule, dead wood doesn’t bend as well as live wood, so its hinge may be more brittle). • Other nearby trees • Branches of nearby trees • Stumps or rocks that can cause a tree to jump off of its stump • Tree defects such as rot, dead limbs, catfaces (blemishes in wood caused by a partly healed 3 6 scar) and vertical cracks. If the weight of a tree 24 BARNYARDS & BACKYARDS you safe, the job easier causes the tree to split try, keep working until they of wood. You need sound least 20 feet – better if it vertically up the tree, a do, but try not to get too wood to form a hinge. Place puts you behind a big, solid “barber chair” can occur. deep. Notch the tree to the a wedge in the backcut tree. Avoid using a snag for These can be quite direction you want it to fall.