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Ditomas 1 Bibliography Primary Sources Burck DiTomas 1 Bibliography Primary Sources Burck, Gilbert. "Mr. Higgins and His Wonderful Boats." Life, August 16, 1943, 100-12. ​ ​ Accessed December 7, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=RVAEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Andr ew+Higgins&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi6_5yOtqfUAhXqyoMKHRNcD0kQ6AEIQ DAG#v=onepage&q=Andrew%20Higgins&f=true. Primary Source. This article provides a lot of information about Higgins' personality and his history getting into boat-building for the war. It contains many quotes both from him and about him, and describes both what made the boats unlike any others, and what made the inventor unlike any others. Downs, Bill. "The Heroes of Normandy." Address, June 14, 1944. Audio file. Bill Downs CBS. June 5, 2019. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.billdownscbs.com/2014/06/1944-heroes-of-normandy.html. Primary Source. Bill Downs is credited with the first live broadcast from Normandy after D-Day. He describes how it was a success and what it currently going on around him, ten days after the invasion. Eisenhower, Dwight. Memorandum, June 5, 1944. Accessed January 27, 2020. https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/blog/2019/05/10/eisenhower-planned-to-take-blam e-if-d-day-had-failed. ​ This is the letter that Eisenhower wrote the day before that stated he would take blame if the operation failed. "Flying Dutchman Saves Flyers." MotorBoating, November 1945, 140-42. Accessed December ​ ​ 7, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=DGleJIWSRL4C&pg=PA140&dq=andrew+higgins &hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim8qTV-aPmAhWGslkKHb_xArIQ6AEwAnoECAIQA g#v=onepage&q=andrew%20higgins&f=false. Primary Source. This features a letter written to Andrew Higgins by the 39th Bomb Group crew who went down about 150 miles off the Japanese coast to thank Higgins for the boat that saved them. They explain how they would have likely all perished had it not been for the B-17 dropping them an unsinkable Higgins-designed rescue boat that they found could not be flipped even as the waves pummeled them. "Frank DeVita Describes Landing on Omaha Beach." Video file, 2:01. History. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/frank-devita-describes-landing-on-the-beac h-video. DiTomas 2 Frank DeVita describes his role at Omaha beach - to lower the ramp of the boat. The role would haunt him forever, because by lowering the ramp, he let the young men around him charge up the beach where most would die. This source gives important evidence of what the people who were actually there on that day faced. Higgins, Andrew. Lighter for Mechanized Equipment. US Patent 2341866, filed Dec. 8, 1941, and issued Feb. 15, 1944. Accessed January 27, 2020. https://www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/journeys-innovation/historical-stories/pate nted-boat-won-war. ​ One of the patents for the boats designed by Higgins, demonstrating what the components were that made them new. Rappleyea, George W. "Motorboats for Invasion." MotorBoating, July 1943, 22-26. Accessed ​ ​ December 7, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=CpfJjgnBC-cC&pg=PA36&dq=andrew+higgins&hl =en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwim8qTV-aPmAhWGslkKHb_xArIQ6AEwAHoECAEQAg# v=onepage&q=andrew%20higgins&f=false. Primary Source. This article was written by the "assistant to the president" of Higgins Industries and explains how the motorboat has changed sea invasions, making amphibious invasions on beaches possible (the author predicts their importance for the invasion of Europe), and how Higgins' torpedo boats are superior because being smaller, they can avoid mines and enemy fire. Ruge, Friedrich. "Rommel's Measures to Counter the Invasion." April 1946. Accessed December 8, 2019. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabeticall y/r/rommel-atlantic-wall.html#toc. Vice Admiral Friedrich Ruge worked for General Field Marshall Rommel starting in late 1943 to prepare the Atlantic Wall for the Allied invasion. The fortifications had begun earlier, but at a slow progress. This manuscript describes the thinking that went into the Atlantic Wall and how Rommel foresaw the Allied invasion. Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program, Investigation of the National Defense Program, Doc. No. 78-1, 2d Sess., at 148 (Mar. 4, 1944). Accessed December 7, 2019. https://books.google.com/books?id=ONxZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA167&dq=it+is+clear+th at+the+bureau+of+ships+has,+for+reasons+known+only+to+itself&hl=en&newbks=1& newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFhrbimqTmAhWx2FkKHdWGB68QuwUwAX oECAEQBg#v=onepage&q&f=false. Primary Source. This document contains the investigation on alleged discrimination by the Bureau of Ships towards Higgins Industries, and ultimately concludes that the Bureau wasted plenty of time and money on their own unsatisfactory ships, with disregard for the DiTomas 3 safety of American troops, and recommends that full-production is dedicated to the Higgins design. Sparks, Wilbur D. "Wilbur D. Sparks Oral History Interview." By Jerry N. Hess. https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/sparkswd#71. Primary Source. Wilbur D. Sparks was an attorney investigator on the Truman Committee (the U.S. Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program) from 1941 to 1946. In this interview, one of the many cases he talks about is the Higgins case, which demonstrates how determined Andrew Higgins was to challenge the Bureau of Ships denying his design. Secondary Sources Ambrose, Stephen. "New Orleans in the Second World War." Lecture, January 15, 1992. Stephen Ambrose was a historian who talked to Eisenhower about Andrew Higgins' contribution to the war. He also studied the impacts of the war on New Orleans, since it employed about 30,000 of the citizens and was fully integrated while much of the city was not. "Andrew Higgins and the Atomic Bombs." The National World War II Museum: New Orleans. Last modified July 14, 2017. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/andrew-higgins-and-atomic-bombs. This website describes the secret participation in the Manhattan Project that Higgins Industries had. While it does give a lot of information about the job of the Michoud factory in creating the first atomic bomb, the article admits at the end that there is not a lot of documentation about this topic and that we are not really sure how the Higgins parts were used in the manufacturing of the bombs. I could not verify any of the quotes or facts with primary sources. "D-Day: The Unsung Heroes' Stories." Forces Network. Last modified June 5, 2019. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.forces.net/d-day/d-day-1944-unsung-heroes-story. This source explains the events that led up to the decision to invade France and gives many eyewitness accounts. It includes quotes from people who were there in the planes, in the boats, or defending the Atlantic Wall Folsom, Burton W. "Andrew Higgins: Boat Builder of WWII." Foundation for Economic Education. Last modified December 22, 2010. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://fee.org/articles/andrew-higgins-boat-builder-of-wwii/. This source describes the battle between Higgins and the Bureau of ships using quotes and events, and is straightforward and to-the-point. It includes specifics that the reports leave out. DiTomas 4 Guise, Kimberly. "Birth of a Slogan: The Higgins Worker." Lemelson Center For the Study of Invention and Innovation. Last modified July 21, 2015. Accessed December 8, 2019. https://invention.si.edu/birth-slogan-higgins-worker. This source includes a piece from the Higgins Industries' company newsletter, The ​ Eureka News Bulletin, and also some interviews of people who worked there at that time, ​ both primary sources that add to the depth of this article. "The Higgins Boat (LCVP)." Andrew Jackson Higgins Memorial Foundation. Last modified 2019. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://andrewjacksonhigginsmemorialfoundation.org/the-higgins-boat-lcvp/. This website talked specifically about some of the battles where Higgins boats were used before D-Day and also provided all the specifications of the LCVP itself. Hopkinson, Deborah. D-Day: The WWII Invasion That Changed History. New York, NY: ​ ​ Scholastic Focus, 2018. This book tells the story of D-Day by explaining the planning and what happened specifically on Omaha and Utah beaches. It tells the story mostly through many different eyewitness accounts. Kindy, David. "The Invention That Won World War II." Smithsonian.com. Last modified June 3, 2019. Accessed December 7, 2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/invention-won-world-war-ii-180972327/. This source lists some of the other designs based off the Higgins boat that Higgins industry would make throughout the war. It also claims that the Navy soon realized that he was the one to go to when they had an impossible task, which demonstrates how different his thinking was from theirs. Martin, Kali. “Andrew Higgins and the Atomic Bombs.” The National WWII Museum. Last modified July 14, 2017. Accessed March 22, 2020. https://www.nationalww2museum.org. ​ This source provided another side of my project: the contribution to one of the most controversial projects in American history. I think that whether or not it is deemed “good” or “bad” that Higgins contributed, it is important for me to know as much as I can about my topic to get a more complete, more accurate picture. This site also contained primary images of workers in the Michoud plant where they worked on the atomic bomb. Sorene, Paul. "The Atlantic Wall: The Architecture of Death in Photos." Flashbak. Last modified November 11, 2018. Accessed December 8, 2019. https://flashbak.com/the-atlantic-wall-the-architecture-of-death-in-photos-408046/. This page is filled with primary photos and quotes about the construction of the Atlantic Wall. To Authorize the President to Award Gold Medals on Behalf of the Congress to the Family of Andrew Jackson Higgins and the Wartime Employees of Higgins Industries, in DiTomas 5 Recognition of Their Contributions to the Nation and to the Allied Victory in World War II., H.R.
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