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A Look Into the Future of Particle Physics in Europe

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A look into the future of particle physics in Europe Halina Abramowicz Tel Aviv University • Standard Model of fundamental constituents of matter and interactions • Why looking beyond the Standard Model? • Organisation of the European Particle Physics • Update of the European Strategy • Selected topics 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 1 Fundamental constituents of matter and their interactions point-like particles at the level of <10-18m 2 families and 3 generations 10-10m 10-12m 10-13m matter force carriers 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 2 Unification Special role of the scalar Higgs field • provides masses • couples to everything in the theory With mass comes gravity https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.04228.pdf QCD – Quantum Chromodynamics QCD Strong charge – color SU(3) Each quark appears in 3 colors 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society Each gluon has color/anti3-color Methodology Mechanical hammer accelerator – particle smasher Model of pp interactions pp Event Generator Stefan Gieseke DESY Theory Workshop 09 7/29 · rebuild reconstruct +some theoretical thoughts 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 4 Principle of accelerators • Electric fields to accelerate particles • Magnetic fields to steer particles linear accelerator circular accelerator Beam made of particle that need • to carry electric charge • to be stable • to be easy to obtain à electrons and protons 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 5 Accelerators in the world Labs with particle accelerators infrastructure Increase the center of mass energy by colliding accelerated beams 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 6 Detectors Path of Absorber interleaved with Path of charged material sensitive to charged particle in “charge” particle in magnetic magnetic field field 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 7 Detectors 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 8 Accelerators of the future Smaller physical scale - higher energy – bigger size FCC 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 9 Type of colliders for science industry and safety medicine, in used accelerators 300000 About proton-proton electron-positron electron-proton • p are stable, heavy, don’t • e-e+ stable, light, radiate • excellent to probe radiate too much easily structure of matter • not elementary • elementary, annihilate • easy to accelerate • “easy” to accelerate • difficult to interpret • easy to interpret 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 10 Type of colliders for science proton-proton electron-positron electron-proton • p are stable, heavy, • e-e+ stable, light, • excellent to probe don’t radiate too much radiate easily structure of matter • not elementary • elementary, annihilate • easy to accelerate • “easy” to accelerate • difficult to interpret • easy to interpret 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 11 Present Energy Frontier – Large Hadron Collider at CERN 27km tunnel, up to 175m deep, 1232 SC bending magnets 1.9K, 14.3m long, 8T Collected pp data: 7TeV (2010/2011); 8TeV (2012); 13TeV (2015-2018) Heavy flavor (charm, beauty) General purpose detectors Heavy ions tunnel 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 12 Stress test of the Standard Model at the LHC • The Standard Model is doing amazingly well • The Higgs scalar is very much like expected in the Standard Model 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 13 Not all is perfect - neutrinos • Neutrinos have masses (oscillations) – not acquired in the SM • There is still a long way to understand their properties (mass, mixing, CP) 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 14 Not all is perfect - Dark Matter • There is dark matter in the Universe with no candidates within the SM Ø Galaxy rotation faster than warranted by “luminous” matter (from Doppler shift of known chemical lines) Ø Gravitational-lensing (distortion of light passing next to massive objects) Ø Dark matter (long lived and nonreactive) constitutes about 85% of the Universe mass! 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 15 And more of “not perfect” • Prevalence of matter over anti-matter • Theorist believe that the theory is not complete Something must be holding the vase Fine-tuned Universe from M. Strassler • There is no indication of physics BSM up to scales of the order of 1 to 3 TeV • The top-quark and Higgs sectors remain the least explored – potential BSM effects How should we go about progress? 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 16 Organisation of the European Particle Physics CERN CERN was established in 1954 in post-war Europe with 12 member states, as the European Organisation for Nuclear Research (Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire). CERN main role is to provide particle accelerators and other infrastructure for high energy physics research for Member and Associate Member States (Europe), complementary to existing national infrastructures. CERN employs about 2500 scientific, technical and administrative staff members. It has the status of an international organization. CERN has special programmes to host young (fellows) and senior scientists (research associates) mainly from Europe, for extended periods of time. It has many short and long term training programmes in science and technology. With time and increase in the size and cost of the accelerators, CERN and in particular the CERN Council became the coordinating body for the science of particle physics in Europe. 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 17 CERN Infrastructure The CERN accelerator complex Complexe des accélérateurs du CERN CMS North Area LHC 2008 (27 km) GIF++ CENF 2015 ALICE TT20 2016 LHCb TT40 TT41 SPS 1976 (7 km) TI8 TI2 TT10 ATLAS AWAKE HiRadMat 2016 2011 TT66 AD ELENA ISOLDE TT2 1999 (182 m) 2016 (31 m) BOOSTER 1992 1972 (157 m) RIBs REX/HIE East Area p p 2001/2015 n-ToF IRRAD/CHARM 2001 PS p 1959 (628 m) n LINAC 2 CLEAR e- 2017 LINAC 3 LEIR Ions 2005 (78 m) p (protons) ions RIBs (Radioactive Ion Beams) n (neutrons) p– (antiprotons) e- (electrons) LHC - Large Hadron Collider // SPS - Super Proton Synchrotron // PS - Proton Synchrotron // AD - Antiproton Decelerator // CLEAR - CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research // AWAKE - Advanced WAKefield Experiment // ISOLDE - Isotope Separator OnLine // REX/HIE - Radioactive EXperiment/High Intensity and Energy ISOLDE // LEIR - Low Energy Ion Ring // LINAC - LINear ACcelerator // n-ToF - Neutrons Time Of Flight // Total number of protons delivered in 2016: 1.34 x 1020 HiRadMat - High-Radiation to Materials // CHARM - Cern High energy AcceleRator Mixed field facility // IRRAD - proton IRRADiation facility // GIF++ - Gamma Irradiation Facility // CENF - CErn Neutrino platForm 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 18 CERN Users Total: 12301 users Observer States 20% Others 15% Spain 3.2% of total 5.6% of MS Budget MS 1.169 BCHF AMS 0.280 BCHF OBS. (in kind) TOTAL about 1.6 BCHF Spain contributes ~5.5% 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 19 European Particle Physics Organisation and Governance Scientific Policy Committee Council European Strategy Updates on call from Finance Strategy Monitoring Council Committee PFGB ECFA TREF Director General Lab Directors Group CERN lab Based on a slide from the President of Council, at the FALC meeting, Cambridge (UK), March 8, 2018 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 20 Organisation of the Update Process • Decision making body – CERN Council • Drafting of the Strategy Update document – responsibility of the European Strategy Group (ESG) • Scientific Input to the Strategy Update – responsibility of the Physics Preparatory Group (PPG) Ø Call for input Ø Processing of the input Ø Open Symposium Ø Briefing Book • Coordinating body – the Strategy Update Secretariat (SUS – chaired by HA) The Strategy Group shall aim: • to enhance the visibility of existing European particle physics programs; • to foster increased collaboration among Europe's particle physics laboratories and institutes; • to promote a coordinated European participation in world-wide projects; • to encourage knowledge transfer to other disciplines, industries, and society; • to outline priorities, at least implicitly; • to consider time scales; • to follow a thematic or project approach, whichever is more appropriate. 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 21 European Paricle Physics Strategy Update 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan. 2018 Dec. 18,2018 Jan. 20-24,2020 üCall for proposals üClosing submission Strategy Update Feb. 2018 ü for venues for Open of community input Drafting Session üCall for scientific input Symposium and Bad Honnef, GE Strategy Drafting Session ü March 2018 May 13-16,2019 Call for nominations of üOpen Symposium PPG & ESG members Granada, ES March 2020 ü Strategy Update June 14,2018 submitted to Council üCouncil decision on Sept. 2019 venues and dates ü Physics Briefing Book available June 19, 2020 Sept. 27,2018 consultation & üCouncil updates the Strategy ü Council to launch the consensus building Strategy Update process & organisation & establish the PPG and ESG Physics results appearing input preparation after May 2019 were taken by community into account in the process 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 22 EPPSU 2020 Scientific Input to the Strategy Update • Call for inputs issued February 28, 2018 with deadline for submission December 18, 2018 • 160 submissions received 40 42 21 27 27 51 20 31 23 35 • The Open Symposium aimed to reach a consensus on the scientific goals of the community, based on the provided input, and to assess the proposed projects and technologies to achieve these goals à input for the European Strategy Group to draft the strategy update Ø End product of the Symposium à Briefing Book based on the summaries, compiled by the Physics Preparatory Group (100 pages) 9/16/20 Italian Physical Society 23 Open Symposium
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