Knowledge As a Global Public Good: the Role and Importance of Open Access Verschraegen
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Trade and Labour Mario Pianta
University of Urbino From the SelectedWorks of Mario Pianta 2001 Trade and labour Mario Pianta Available at: https://works.bepress.com/mario_pianta/62/ Global Trade and Globalising Society Challenges for Governance and Sustainability: the Role of the EU Proceedings of a dialogue workshop held in Brussels on 14-15 December 2000 Edited by Angela Liberatore and Nikolaos Christoforides Brussels, November 2001 PREFACE Preface Fostering dialogue between researchers, policymakers and citizens The European Union is undergoing radical changes in its social, economic, political, technological, demographic, cultural and institutional structure. These changes range from the establishment of a common currency to the introduction of a European citizenship, from new family structures to new ways of working, all this while Europe is enlarging and acting in a global context. Research can play a constructive role in understanding those changes, identifying opportunities and risks, assessing the feasibility, acceptability and impacts of different policy options. Such constructive role however can only be played if research enters in sustained dialogue with those who are at the same time potential users of research, actors of change, and holders of important forms of practical knowledge. In other words, research should not only aim at ‘communicating its results’ to the people ‘outside’ the research system, but should also ‘listen to and learn from’ the experience and concerns of the various social actors or- as it is often said- the various ‘stakeholders’. The ‘dialogue workshops’ series organised within the Key Action ‘Improving the socio-economic knowledge base’ intends therefore to improve multidirectional communication –as opposed to unidirectional diffusion of information- in relation to a number of different but related issues and functions. -
Public Goods for Economic Development
Printed in Austria Sales No. E.08.II.B36 V.08-57150—November 2008—1,000 ISBN 978-92-1-106444-5 Public goods for economic development PUBLIC GOODS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT FOR ECONOMIC GOODS PUBLIC This publication addresses factors that promote or inhibit successful provision of the four key international public goods: fi nancial stability, international trade regime, international diffusion of technological knowledge and global environment. Each of these public goods presents global challenges and potential remedies to promote economic development. Without these goods, developing countries are unable to compete, prosper or attract capital from abroad. The undersupply of these goods may affect prospects for economic development, threatening global economic stability, peace and prosperity. The need for public goods provision is also recognized by the Millennium Development Goals, internationally agreed goals and targets for knowledge, health, governance and environmental public goods. Because of the characteristics of public goods, leaving their provision to market forces will result in their under provision with respect to socially desirable levels. Coordinated social actions are therefore necessary to mobilize collective response in line with socially desirable objectives and with areas of comparative advantage and value added. International public goods for development will grow in importance over the coming decades as globalization intensifi es. Corrective policies hinge on the goods’ properties. There is no single prescription; rather, different kinds of international public goods require different kinds of policies and institutional arrangements. The Report addresses the nature of these policies and institutions using the modern principles of collective action. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION Vienna International Centre, P.O. -
Towards Different Conversations About the Internationalization of Higher Education Sharon Stein University of British Columbia, [email protected]
Comparative and International Education / Éducation Comparée et Internationale Volume 45 | Issue 1 Article 2 May 2016 Towards Different Conversations About the Internationalization of Higher Education Sharon Stein University of British Columbia, [email protected] Vanessa Andreotti University of British Columbia, [email protected] Judy Bruce University of Canterbury, [email protected] Rene Suša University of Oulu, [email protected] Recommended Citation Stein, Sharon; Andreotti, Vanessa; Bruce, Judy; and Suša, Rene (2016) "Towards Different Conversations About the Internationalization of Higher Education," Comparative and International Education / Éducation Comparée et Internationale: Vol. 45: Iss. 1, Article 2. Towards different conversations about the internationalization of higher education Vers des conversations différentes au sujet de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur Sharon Stein, University of British Columbia Vanessa de Oliveira Andreotti, University of British Columbia Judy Bruce, University of Canterbury Rene Suša, University of Oulu Abstract As institutional commitments to internationalize higher education continue to grow, so does the need to critically consider both the intended purposes and actual outcomes of the programs and policies that result. In particular, there is a risk that internationalization efforts may contribute to the reproduction of harmful historical and ongoing global patterns of educational engagement. In this paper we explore these issues by offering a social cartography of four possible articulations of internationalization, and considering their relation to an often-unacknowledged global imaginary, which presumes a colonial hierarchy of humanity. We also address the practical and pedagogical possibilities and limitations of enacting each articulation within mainstream institutional settings, and propose that social cartographies offer a means of reframing and deepening engagement with the complexities, tensions, and paradoxes involved in internationalizing higher education. -
Education Policy Research and the Global Knowledge Economy1
ACCESS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN EDUCATION 2000, VOL. 19, NO. 2, 204–213 Education policy research and the global knowledge economy1 Michael Peters University of Auckland ABSTRACT In this paper, first, I sketch the importance of three discourses leading to the notion of the "knowledge economy" and I outline a common conception of the notion. Second, I discuss two recent policy constructions of the "knowledge economy" commenting at the same time on implications for education policy. Third, I mention some criticisms of these constructions and introduce Joseph Stiglitz's notion of knowledge as a global public good, and, finally, lay out some of the tasks of educational policy research in its contribution to the debate. Knowledge is and will be produced in order to be sold; it is and will be consumed in order to be valorised in a new production: in both cases, the goal is exchange. Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge, 1984, p. 4. We live in a social universe in which the formation, circulation, and utilization of knowledge presents a fundamental problem. If the accumulation of capital has been an essential feature of our society, the accumulation of knowledge has not been any less so. Now, the exercise, production, and accumulation of this knowledge cannot be dissociated from the mechanisms of power; complex relations exist which must be analysed. Michel Foucault, Remarks on Marx: Conversations with Duccio Trombadori 1991, p. 165. Introduction The body of literature on the concept of the "knowledge economy" is both recent and rapidly growing, especially in the related fields of economics and management, yet both less recognised and less established in the field of education. -
From Material Scarcity to Arti8cial Abundance – the Case of Fablabs and 3D Printing Technologies Primavera De Filippi, Peter Troxler
From material scarcity to arti8cial abundance – The case of FabLabs and 3D printing technologies Primavera de Filippi, Peter Troxler To cite this version: Primavera de Filippi, Peter Troxler. From material scarcity to arti8cial abundance – The case of FabLabs and 3D printing technologies. van den Berg B. & van der Hof S. 3D Printing : Legal, philosophical and economic dimensions., T.M.C. Asser Instituut pp. 65-83, 2015. hal-01265229 HAL Id: hal-01265229 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01265229 Submitted on 31 Jan 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Primavera De Filippi & Peter Troxler [4] From material scarcity to arti8cial abundance – The case of FabLabs and 3D printing technologies Primavera De Filippi & Peter Troxler 1. Introduction Digital media allowed for the emergence of new artistic practices and innovative modes of production. In particular, the advent of Internet and digital technologies drastically enhanced the ability for multiple au- thors to collaborate towards the creation of large-scale collaborative works, which stand in contrast to the traditional understanding that artistic production is essentially an individual activity. The signi6cance of these practices in the physical world is illustrated by the recent deployment of FabLabs (Fabrication Laboratories), that employ innovative technologies – such as, most notably, 3D printing, which is recently gaining the most interest – to encourage the development of new methods of artistic production based on participation and interaction between peers. -
The Hyperglobalization of Trade and Its Future
Working Paper Series WP 13-6 JULY 2013 The Hyperglobalization of Trade and Its Future Arvind Subramanian and Martin Kessler Abstract Th is paper describes seven salient features of trade integration in the 21st century: Trade integration has been more rapid than ever (hyperglobalization); it is dematerialized, with the growing importance of services trade; it is democratic, because openness has been embraced widely; it is criss-crossing because similar goods and investment fl ows now go from South to North as well as the reverse; it has witnessed the emergence of a mega-trader (China), the fi rst since Imperial Britain; it has involved the proliferation of regional and preferential trade agreements and is on the cusp of mega-region- alism as the world's largest traders pursue such agreements with each other; and it is impeded by the continued existence of high barriers to trade in services. Going forward, the trading system will have to tackle three fundamental challenges: In developed countries, the domestic support for globalization needs to be sustained in the face of economic weakness and the reduced ability to maintain social insurance mechanisms. Second, China has become the world’s largest trader and a major benefi ciary of the current rules of the game. It will be called upon to shoulder more of the responsibilities of maintaining an open system. Th e third challenge will be to prevent the rise of mega-regionalism from leading to discrimi- nation and becoming a source of trade confl icts. We suggest a way forward—including new areas of cooperation such as taxes—to maintain the open multilateral trading system and ensure that it benefi ts all countries. -
1. Information As Experience Good: Information Goods Are Experience Goods
Pricing Information Goods for Digital Libraries (Seminar aus Informationswirtschaft 4085) SS 2003 Strategies for the digital library of the WU - Focus on Rights Management Univ.-Ass. Mag. Dr. Michael Hahsler Univ. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Panny Abteilung für Informationswirtschaft Institut für Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien Augasse 2-6 A-1090 Wien, AUSTRIA Telefon: 31336/6081 E-mail: [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS: 1. Introduction ..…………………………………………………………………3 2. Information goods and the digital technology………………………………...4 Information goods ……………………………………………………………….4 The problem with information goods in digital form ………………………………...6 3. Digital Libraries……………………………………………………………….7 Definition ………………………………………………………………………7 Properties of Digital Libraries …………………………………………………….7 4. Digital Rights Management..………………………………………………….8 Architecture ………………………………………………………………………...………9 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998…………………………………………...…..10 5. Strategies for publishers of IP………………………………………………..15 How digital technology affects the management of intellectual property ……………...15 6. Case Studies: What do other digital libraries do? …………………………...18 The National Academies Press …………………………………………………..18 The Academic Library ………………………………………………………….19 Dissertation.com ……….……...………………………………………………20 University of California Press and California ……………………………………..22 Digital Library's eScholarship program 7. EPub and strategies for ePub ……………………………………………….24 8. Literature ……………………………………………………………………27 -
The Marketing of Information in the Information Age Hofacker and Goldsmith
The Marketing of Information in the Information Age Hofacker and Goldsmith THE MARKETING OF INFORMATION IN THE INFORMATION AGE CHARLES F. HOFACKER, Florida State University RONALD E. GOLDSMITH, Florida State University The long-standing distinction made between goods and services must now be joined by the distinction between these two categories and “information products.” The authors propose that marketing management, practice, and theory could benefit by broadening the scope of what marketers market by adding a third category besides tangible goods and intangible services. It is apparent that information is an unusual and fundamental physical and logical phenomenon from either of these. From this the authors propose that information products differ from both tangible goods and perishable services in that information products have three properties derived from their fundamental abstractness: they are scalable, mutable, and public. Moreover, an increasing number of goods and services now contain information as a distinct but integral element in the way they deliver benefits. Thus, the authors propose that marketing theory should revise the concept of “product” to explicitly include an informational component and that the implications of this revised concept be discussed. This paper presents some thoughts on the issues such discussions should address, focusing on strategic management implications for marketing information products in the information age. INTRODUCTION “information,” in addition to goods and services (originally proposed by Freiden et al. 1998), A major revolution in marketing management while identifying unique characteristics of pure and theory occurred when scholars established information products. To support this position, that “products” should not be conceptualized the authors identify key attributes that set apart solely as tangible goods, but also as intangible an information product from a good or a services. -
Virtual Markets for Virtual Goods: the Mirror Image of Digital Copyright?
Harvard Journal of Law & Technology Volume 18, Number 1 Fall 2004 VIRTUAL MARKETS FOR VIRTUAL GOODS: THE MIRROR IMAGE OF DIGITAL COPYRIGHT? Peter Eckersley* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction.....................................................................................86 A. Information Anarchism and Information Feudalism..................86 B. Virtual Markets for Virtual Goods.............................................92 II. Reward Systems ............................................................................94 A. Rewards and Information Production........................................94 1. Rewards for Inventions ...........................................................95 2. Rewards for Writing and Other Copyright Works ..................97 B. Decentralized Compensation Systems: Constructing “Virtual Markets” .................................................................100 1. Network Security...................................................................102 2. Human Security.....................................................................104 3. Funding Virtual Markets .......................................................106 4. One Dollar, One Vote?..........................................................111 5. Scope: Which Information Markets Could Be Made “Virtual” (and Which Ones Matter)? ..............................112 6. The Role of Social Norms.....................................................115 III. An Economic Comparison of Virtual Markets and Digital Rights Management......................................................................116 -
Is China the Villain? Jobs, Wages and Building a Better U.S. Policy Toward China Sandra Polaski Is a Senior Research Scholar of the Global SANDRA POLASKI1 & KEVIN P
Global Development Policy Center GEGI WORKING PAPER • 09/2020 GLOBAL ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE INITIATIVE Is China the Villain? Jobs, Wages and Building a Better U.S. Policy toward China Sandra Polaski is a senior research scholar of the Global SANDRA POLASKI1 & KEVIN P. GALLAGHER Economic Governance Initiative (GEGI) at Boston University’s Global Development Policy Center. She is an expert on trade, SUMMARY labor and social policy issues at The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to a blame game between the U.S. and China, disrupting the national and global levels. urgently needed international cooperation to control the spread of the disease and accelerate efforts to find and distribute affordable vaccines and treatments. The current finger pointing has exacerbated bilateral tensions that were already flaring as a result of two intersecting forces. First, President Trump blames China (as well as Europe, Mexico, immigrants and others) for many U.S. problems that were made in the U.S., including the offshoring of jobs by U.S. firms and the botched handling of the pandemic. Second, the military-industrial complex and foreign policy hawks in the U.S. government have taken advantage of Trump's stance to hype alleged dangers from foreigners and thus justify aggressive international postures and huge military budgets. This policy brief goes beyond these immediate triggers to probe deeper structural issues that affect Kevin P. Gallagher is a the relationship between the two countries. The authors present trends in China that are well docu- Professor of Global Development mented, but seldom discussed in U.S. discourse, including rapidly rising wages and investments in Policy at the Frederick S. -
Explain Externalities and Public Goods and How They Affect Efficiency of Market Outcomes.”
Microeconomics Topic 9: “Explain externalities and public goods and how they affect efficiency of market outcomes.” Reference: Gregory Mankiw’s Principles of Microeconomics, 2nd edition, Chapters 10 and 11. The Efficiency of Private Exchange A private market transaction is one in which a buyer and seller exchange goods or services for money or other goods or services. The buyers and sellers could be individuals, corporations, or both. Voluntary private market transactions will occur between buyers and sellers only if both parties to the transaction expect to gain. If one of the parties expected to end up worse off as a result of the transaction, that transaction would not occur. Buyers and sellers have an incentive to find all the voluntary, private market transactions that could make them better off. When they have found and made all such possible transactions, then the market has achieved “an efficient allocation of resources.” This means that all of the resources that both buyers and sellers have are allocated so that these buyers and sellers are as well off as possible. For these reasons, private market transactions between buyers and sellers are usually considered to be “efficient” because these transactions result in all the parties being as well off as possible, given their initial resources. A more precise way of defining efficient production of a good is that we should produce more of a good whenever the added benefits are greater than the added costs, but we should stop when the added costs exceed the added benefits. Summary of conditions for efficient production (1) all units of the good are produced for which the value to consumers is greater than the costs of production, and (2) no unit of the good is produced that costs more to produce than the value it has for the consumers of that good. -
3 Intellectual Property Rights for Data
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Rusche, Christian; Scheufen, Marc Research Report On (intellectual) property and other legal frameworks in the digital economy: An economic analysis of the law IW-Report, No. 48/2018 Provided in Cooperation with: German Economic Institute (IW), Cologne Suggested Citation: Rusche, Christian; Scheufen, Marc (2018) : On (intellectual) property and other legal frameworks in the digital economy: An economic analysis of the law, IW-Report, No. 48/2018, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW), Köln This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/190945 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen