Shahla Haeri
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Iran Case File (April 2019)
IRAN CASE FILE March 2020 RASANAH International Institute for Iranian Studies, Al-Takhassusi St. Sahafah, Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. P.O. Box: 12275 | Zip code: 11473 Contact us [email protected] +966112166696 The Executive Summary .............................................................4 Internal Affairs .........................................................................7 The Ideological File ......................................................................... 8 I. Closing Shrines and Tombs ................................................................ 8 II. Opposition to the Decision Taken by Some People ............................. 8 III. Reaction of Clerics ........................................................................... 9 IV. Affiliations of Protesters .................................................................. 11 The Political File ............................................................................12 I. Khamenei Politicizes the Epidemic and Accuses Enemies of Creating the Virus to Target the Iranian Genome ..............................12 II. President Hassan Rouhani’s Slow Response in Taking Precautions to Face the Crisis ..................................................................................13 The Economic File ..........................................................................16 I. Forcible Passage of the Budget ...........................................................16 II. Exceptional Financial Measures to Combat the Coronavirus ............. 17 III. The -
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MENU Policy Analysis / Articles & Op-Eds The Vocabulary of Sectarianism by Aaron Y. Zelin, Phillip Smyth Jan 29, 2014 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Aaron Y. Zelin Aaron Y. Zelin is the Richard Borow Fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy where his research focuses on Sunni Arab jihadi groups in North Africa and Syria as well as the trend of foreign fighting and online jihadism. Phillip Smyth Phillip Smyth was a Soref Fellow at The Washington Institute from 2018-2021. Articles & Testimony Many players in Syria are pursuing a long-term sectarian dehumanization strategy because they view the war as an existential religious struggle between Sunnis and Shiites, indicating that peace conferences are unlikely to resolve the conflict. s the conflict in Syria continues to spread throughout the Levant and adopt a broader sectarian tone -- Sunni A Salafis on one side and Iranian-backed, ideologically influenced Shiite Islamists on the other -- it is important to know how the main actors have cast one another. Unlike the rhetoric during the Iraq War (2003), sectarian language on both sides is regularly finding its way into common discourse. Fighting between Sunnis and Shiites has picked back up in Iraq, is slowly escalating in Lebanon, and there have been incidents in Australia, Azerbaijan, Britain, and Egypt. The utilization of these words in militant and clerical lingo reflects a broader and far more portentous shift: A developing sectarian war and strategy of dehumanization. This is not simply a representation of petty tribal hatreds or a simple reflection on Syria's war, but a grander regional and religious issue. -
Adele K. Ferdows WOMEN and the ISLAMIC REVOLUTION
Int. J. Middle East Stud. 15 (1983), 283-298 Primed in the United States of America Adele K. Ferdows WOMEN AND THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION INTRODUCTION Defining the role of women in Islamic society has been an issue for debate in post-revolutionary Iran, particularly in light of recent rulings affecting women. This is not merely a theoretical debate but a crisis situation where some women who participated in the revolution alongside men now find themselves in a peculiarly difficult position in relation to society and the current government. Ali Shariati (d. 1977), through his published works and transcribed lectures during the 1960s and 1970s, has had a tremendous impact on the direction of this debate. Completely rejecting the role of women in both western and traditional societies, Shariati offers a third alternative: the figure of Fatima, daughter of the Prophet Mohammad and wife of Ali, the first Imam of the Shicis as the personification of women's role. After the 1979 revolution in Iran, partly owing to the impact of Shariati's ideas and partly because of women's active participation in the course of the revolution and their resulting politicization, scattered essays were published dealing with questions relating to the position of women in Islamic society. As the revolutionary forces took firm hold of governmental machinery, rulings and decrees directed specifically at women were issued by various government officials, widening even further the scope of the debate on the role of women in the Muslin Iranian society. SHARIATI'S APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S POSITION IN A MUSLIM SOCIETY Shariati approaches the understanding of women's role from two angles. -
Fanaticism Towards Personalities – a Gateway to Shirk
Fanaticism towards Personalities – A Gateway to Shirk Fanaticism towards Personalities – A Gateway to Shirk ﺑﺴﻢ اﻟﻠﻪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ As-Salaamu alaykum To my family in faith, may Allah grant you an unbridled desire to strive for his cause, a successful outcome to all your endeavors, & the unfathomable reward prepared for his most righteous servants. Social hierarchy among mankind is a well-known establishment instituted by the infinite wisdom & justice of Allah. He legislated that some of his servants will outrank others in knowledge, wealth, physical prowess, & spirituality. Allah says: “These are the Messengers, We have made some more excellent that others”. He also says: “The men are maintainers & providers of women”. He also says: “The most noble of you with Allah is the most pious”. These alpha males/ females become role models for the remaining population & are admired, emulated, & sought after for guidance, which is an inherent trait of man, yet extremely dangerous as adoration can effortlessly mutate into fanaticism, a gateway to shirk. It is in the highest esteem that I hold you my colleagues in seeking knowledge, & on account of our mutual zeal to ensure the acceptance of our deeds by our Almighty & Most Gracious Lord that I caution against fanaticism towards personalities Fanaticism towards personalities has its history dating back to the people of Nuh. Allah the Most Wise said: “And they have said: ‘You shall not leave your gods, nor shall you leave Wadd, nor Suwa’, nor Yaghuth, nor Ya’uq, nor Nasr (names of the idols);[1] The names (of the idols) formerly belonged to some pious men of the people of Noah, and when they died Satan inspired their people to prepare and place idols at the places where they used to sit, and to call those idols by their names. -
School Terrorism” in the Milieu of Peshawar Incident; Pakistan’S Black Day, December 16Th, 2014
American Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 1, No. 4, 2015, pp. 196-205 http://www.aiscience.org/journal/ajssr Impacts of “School Terrorism” in the Milieu of Peshawar Incident; Pakistan’s Black Day, December 16th, 2014 Syed Sajjad Nasir Kazmi 1, Arshad Ali 2, * 1Department of Civil Engineering, MCE Risalpur Cantonment, KPK, Pakistan 2National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Mankind has been suffering the disasters of many a types which had either been natural or manmade. All the geophysical and the hydro-metrological disasters are related to the nature but all anthropogenic disasters are related to the actions of the human- beings, whether covert or overt on one pretext or the other. One thing common for all is that these have deep penetrating impacts on the humans with respect to their way of life in the performance of gendered roles, usage of property and assets, balance of trade and economy as well as the layout of politico military and psychosocial infrastructure. Capacity building strategies too had been evolved to deal with and recover from all such impacts of disasters but the worst among all are the psychosocial impacts on women and especially on children which are time consuming to heal with. On one hand, a disaster may have huge volumetric effect but negligible impact on the psychosocial build up and vice versa depending upon the degree of human vulnerability and severity of the impact. As opposed to the natural or other manmade disasters, terrorism has its own significance in this context and among all other multidimensional aspects of terrorism, “School Terrorism” is considered to be worst carrying drastic and long lasting impacts on the exposed community. -
The History of Implementation of Pilgrimage in the Pagan Era
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2017, Vol. 7, No. 12 ISSN: 2222-6990 The History of Implementation of Pilgrimage in the Pagan Era 1Rizalman Muhammad, 2Faiz Hakimi Mat Idris, 3Kamaliah Salleh, 2Ahmad Zahid Salleh, 2Mohamad Zaidin Mohamad 1Institut Pendidikan Guru, Ipoh Campus, Malaysia 2Faculty of Islamic Contemporary Studies, UniSZA, Malaysia 3Faculty of Law, Accountancy & International Relations, UniSZA, Malaysia Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i12/3636 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i12/3636 Abstract The first pilgrimage performed by the Prophet Abraham which was in the 20th century BC had eventually been mixed with polytheism and heresy elements before Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was sent to this world. In this regard, this article aims to reveal the ritual of the hajj in the ancient Arab society which is different from the current practice of Muslims nowadays. This article is a qualitative study using content analysis. The finding reveals that although Arab community remained to believe in Allah, but in view to the long gap between the two ages of Prophet Abraham and Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H.), they had mixed up the implementation of a true and wrong rituals in their pilgrimage. Keywords: Pilgrimage, Pagan Arabs, Kaaba, Mecca Introduction The term Jahiliyyah is derived from jahl which connotes a description of pre-Islamic Arab society who were ignorance of the God, the prophets, the way of life, and who were also arrogantly and imperiously proud of their lineage (Ibn Manzur n.d.). It was a dark age of the Arab history with the absence of divine light to guide their faith, and their lives were fully deviated and strayed from the religious method. -
Success Strategies in Emerging Iranian American Women Leaders
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2017 Success strategies in emerging Iranian American women leaders Sanam Minoo Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Minoo, Sanam, "Success strategies in emerging Iranian American women leaders" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 856. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/856 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology SUCCESS STRATEGIES IN EMERGING IRANIAN AMERICAN WOMEN LEADERS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership by Sanam Minoo July, 2017 Farzin Madjidi, Ed.D. – Dissertation Chairperson This dissertation, written by Sanam Minoo under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Doctoral Committee: Farzin Madjidi, Ed.D., Chairperson Lani Simpao Fraizer, Ed.D. Gabriella Miramontes, Ed.D. © Copyright by Sanam Minoo 2017 All Rights Reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ -
The Historical Relationship Between Women's Education and Women's
The Historical Relationship between Women’s Education and Women’s Activism in Iran Somayyeh Mottaghi The University of York, UK Abstract This paper focuses on the historical relationship between women’s education and women’s activism in Iran. The available literature shows that education is consid- ered to be one important factor for Iranian women’s activism. The historical anal- ysis of women’s demand for education helps us to gain an understanding of the past in order to relate it to the future. This paper analyzes Iranian women’s active participation in education throughout the Safavid period (1501-1722) and the Qajar period (1794-1925). Women’s demand for education continued into the twentieth century and by the time of the constitutional revolution (1905-1911), during which Iranian women participated immensely in political affairs, the alliance of elite and non-elite women was clearly visible around educational issues. Women’s demand for education gained particular visibility; however, the focus shifted from modernization based on Westernization during the Pahlavi period (1925-1979), towards Islamization from 1979 onwards. This paper analyzes the ways in which, during different eras, women have been treated differently regard- ing their rights to education and at some points they faced difficulties even in exercising them; therefore, they had to constantly express their demands. Key words Iran, Education, Women’s movement, Historical perspective Introduction The historical analysis of women’s activism in Iran shows that educa- tion has always been considered an important factor for Iranian women and something that they have always demanded. The right to education is non-negotiable, embedded in the teaching of Islam as well as in hu- ㅣ4 ❙ Somayyeh Mottaghi man rights provisions. -
The Veiling Issue in 20Th Century Iran in Fashion and Society, Religion, and Government
Article The Veiling Issue in 20th Century Iran in Fashion and Society, Religion, and Government Faegheh Shirazi Department of Middle Eastern Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; [email protected] Received: 7 May 2019; Accepted: 30 July 2019; Published: 1 August 2019 Abstract: This essay focuses on the Iranian woman’s veil from various perspectives including cultural, social, religious, aesthetic, as well as political to better understand this object of clothing with multiple interpretive meanings. The veil and veiling are uniquely imbued with layers of meanings serving multiple agendas. Sometimes the function of veiling is contradictory in that it can serve equally opposing political agendas. Keywords: Iran; women’s right; veiling; veiling fashion; Iranian politics Iran has a long history of imposing rules about what women can and cannot wear, in addition to so many other forms of discriminatory laws against women that violate human rights. One of the most recent protests (at Tehran University) against the compulsory hijab1 was also meant to unite Iranians of diverse backgrounds to show their dissatisfaction with the government. For the most part, the demonstration was only a hopeful attempt for change. In one tweet from Iran [at Tehran University] we read in Persian: When Basijis [who receive their orders from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the Supreme Leader of Iran] did not give permission to the students to present a talk against compulsory hijab, the students started to sing together the iconic poem of yar e ,my school friend2. “Basij members became helpless and nervous/ﻳﺎﺭ ﺩﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻦ dabestani man but the students sang louder and louder. -
Arabian Epigraphic Notes ISSN: 2451-8875
http://www.arabianepigraphicnotes.orgArabian Epigraphic Notes ISSN: 2451-8875 E-mail alerts: To be notified by e-mail when a new article is published, write “subscribe” to [email protected]. Twitter: Subscribe to the Journal on Twitter for updates: @AENJournal. Terms of usage: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/. © the author. A Publication of the Leiden Center for the Study of Ancient Arabia http://www.hum.leiden.edu/leicensaa/ ʿAbd al-Asad and the Question of a Lion-God in the pre-Islamic Tradition: An Onomastic Study Hekmat Dirbas Leiden University Arabian Epigraphic Notes 2 (2016): 141‒150. Published online: 29 September 2016. Link to this article: http://hdl.handle.net/1887/43217 Arabian Epigraphic Notes 2 (2016): 141-150 ʿAbd al-Asad and the Question of a Lion-God in the pre-Islamic Tradition: An Onomastic Study Hekmat Dirbas (Leiden University) Abstract This article investigates the pre-Islamic name ʿAbd al-Asad and the alleged lion-god in the Arabic tradition through the onomastic evidence of two ancient Semitic languages (Eblaite and Amorite) as well as the ancient epi- graphic languages of Arabia. The study suggests that the name has no association with the god Yaġūṯ under the form of a lion. Alternatively, it reflects either an ‘archaic’ astral cult related to Leo or a traditional name- giving practice known especially in the northern parts of the Arabian Penin- sula. According to this practice, the individual, whether being a child or an adult, could have been named ʿAbd-of-X after the person who took care of him (i.e. -
Imām Al-Suyūṭī (D.911H)
Learn Islam in your language KALEMAH KALEMAH ISLAMIC CENTER is a community center for all. Kalemah was founded in 2007 and is managed by a Board of Emirati Nationals, an Executive Committee and a staff of over a dozen full- time employees. We operate based on charitable donations from philanthropic individuals, organizations and governmental bodies. We are a non profit organization officially registered under the Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities Department (IACAD) Government of Dubai. Our Mission: To propagate the pristine, unadulterated teachings of Islam to Muslims and non-Muslims in Dubai in the most effective and appropriate way. Our Vision: The souls of a nation, connected to their Creator. al-Nuqāyah By Imām al-Suyūṭī (d.911H) The science of Tafsīr: A science wherein one researches regarding the noble book, and it is limited to the introduction with fifty-five categories. An introduction to with (ﷺ) the Qur’ān which was revealed onto Muhammad miracles from the Sūrah’s it contains, and a Sūrah is a part and chapter which is textually stipulated (Tawqīfī). The least is three verses. An Āyah is a part of the words of the Qur’ān distinguished by separation. Then within it is that which is more virtuous and that is the speech of Allāh regarding Allāh, and that which is less virtuous His speech regarding others. It is impermissible to recite it in a foreign language or by meaning, or to explain it with opinion, but not its interpretation (Ta’wīl). The Types: From it is that which goes back to the revelation, and it is twelve types; al-Makkī and al-Madanī. -
Publications (1838-2000)
_________ NOTE: A bound copy of this bibliography is available without charge as long as the supply lasts. Send request to Dr. A. B. Chandler, Department of Pathology, BF-122, MCG or to >[email protected]< publications Dugas, L. A. Remarks on the pathology and treatment of bilious fever. Read before the Medical Society of Augusta. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal :–, . Dugas, L. A. Remarks on convulsions. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal :–, . Dugas, L. A. Operations on the eye. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal :–, . Dugas, L. A. Report on the ligamentum dentis. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal :–, . Dugas, L. A. Mortality in Augusta, during the years and . Southern Medical and Surgical Journal :–, . Dugas, L. A. Remarks on the pathology and treatment of convulsions. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, New Series , no. :–, . Dugas, L. A. Extirpation of the mamma of a female in the mesmeric sleep, without any evidence of sensibility during the operation. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, New Series :–, . Note: Authors’ names in bold type are pathology faculty and staff. medical college of georgia , cont’d. Dugas, L. A. Remarks on a lecture on mesmerism. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, New Series :–, . Dugas, L. A. Extirpation of a schirrous tumor, the patient being in the mesmeric state, and evincing no sensibility whatever during the operation. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, New Series :–, . Dugas, L. A. Extirpation of schirrous tumors from the mammary region and of an enlarged axillary gland—the patient having been rendered insensible by mesmerism. Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, New Series :–, . Dugas, L. A. Outlines of the pathological anatomy of the liver.