CHAPTER 3. CULTURAL SETTING Introduction
Martinez, D. et al 2015 Draft Chapter 3: Cultural Setting. From the Metropole Vault Replacement Project Report. Prepared for Southern California Edison. Cultural Setting CHAPTER 3. CULTURAL SETTING Desiree Martinez (Cogstone) Introduction This section presents an overview of the cultural sequences, the ethnography of the Tongva and a brief discussion of the previous archaeological investigations conducted on Santa Catalina Island and within Avalon. Based on linguistic, ethnographic, and archaeological cultural affiliation, prior to the arrival of the Spanish, Santa Catalina Island was occupied by the Gabrielino (Tongva) people (McCawley 2002; Reddy 2006; Strudwick et al. 2007). In addition to Pimu (Santa Catalina Island), their geographical territory included large portions of Los Angeles County, the northern part of Orange County, small sections of Riverside and San Bernardino Counties as well as the southern Channel Islands of Santa Barbara, Kiinkepar (San Clemente), and Haraasnga (San Nicolas) (Figure 3-1). The term Gabrielino was used by the Spanish to identify Native Americans who were baptized at the Mission San Gabriel during the Mission Period (1769-1834). Prior to European contact, there was no overarching label that identified people who lived in what is now Gabrielino traditional territory. Instead, people identified themselves as belonging to a particular village. For example, early accounts state that Santa Catalina Island was referred to as Pimu (Pemú'nga or Pimungna) by the Native people who lived there (Reid 1968). Those from Pimu would have called themselves Pimuvit or Pimubit.1 However, as a result of their relocation during the Mission Period, most members of the Gabrielino community no longer identified themselves by their villages but by the term Gabrielino.
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