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California Turnaround Schools: an Analysis of School Improvement Grant Effectiveness University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Educational Leadership Studies Educational Leadership Studies 2013 CALIFORNIA TURNAROUND SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANT EFFECTIVENESS Khalil Graham University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Graham, Khalil, "CALIFORNIA TURNAROUND SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANT EFFECTIVENESS" (2013). Theses and Dissertations--Educational Leadership Studies. 6. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/edl_etds/6 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Educational Leadership Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Educational Leadership Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of my work. I understand that I am free to register the copyright to my work. REVIEW, APPROVAL AND ACCEPTANCE The document mentioned above has been reviewed and accepted by the student’s advisor, on behalf of the advisory committee, and by the Director of Graduate Studies (DGS), on behalf of the program; we verify that this is the final, approved version of the student’s dissertation including all changes required by the advisory committee. The undersigned agree to abide by the statements above. Khalil Graham, Student Dr. Lars Bjork, Major Professor Dr. John Nash, Director of Graduate Studies CALIFORNIA TURNAROUND SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANT EFFECTIVENESS ______________________________________________ DISSERTATION ______________________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in the College of Education at the University of Kentucky By Khalil N. Graham Lexington, Kentucky Directors: Dr. Lars G. Björk, Professor, Educational Leadership Studies Lexington, Kentucky 2013 Copyright © Khalil N. Graham 2013 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION CALIFORNIA TURNAROUND SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANT EFFECTIVENESS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of School Improvement Grants (SIGs) in the state of California (CA) in increasing student achievement using the turnaround implementation model. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) included educational priorities focused on fixing America’s lowest achieving schools. SIGs (i.e., up to $2 million per school annually over 3 years) to the nation’s persistently lowest achieving public schools required schools accepting these awards to implement a federally prescribed school-reform model. Of these models, the school turnaround model is the most aggressive and least used. Using data from CA, the researcher analyzed student achievement results in reading and mathematics at six high schools in CA over a three-year span between their pre- and post-SIG-award year. Keywords: Turnaround, School, Reform, SIG __Khalil N. Graham______________________________ Student’s Signature __April 15, 2013__________________________________ Date Copyright © Khalil N. Graham 2013 CALIFORNIA TURNAROUND SCHOOLS: AN ANALYSIS OF SCHOOL IMPROVEMENT GRANT EFFECTIVENESS By Khalil N. Graham __Dr. Lars Bjork________________________ Director of Dissertation __Dr. John Nash_________________________ Director of Graduate Studies Dedication To those lives I hope to touch tomorrow, and to Sandra Joyce Graham Acknowledgements I would like to give special thanks to all those who have supported me throughout my dissertation process. I would not be at the University of Kentucky if not for the phone call by Dr. Wayne Lewis, and I want to thank him for helping my gain the skills to be not only a better student, but also a better professional. I also want to thank my committee chair, Dr. Lars Bjork, for always being a guiding light and someone who was always there for inspiration and a friendly word when needed. To Dr. Tricia Browne- Ferrigno, you have warmed me with your southern charm, and helped me grow through all of your extra efforts. To Dr. John Harris, the perspective you have given me throughout my time here has been priceless, and I look forward to making you proud. To Dr. Neal Hutchins and Dr. Kenny Royal, I have learned not only from your classes, but also from the kindness you have given to me throughout my growth as a scholar. Finally Dr. Steve Oliver, thank you for being a specialist in your field, a friend, and most importantly, a person who believed in me the reach extraordinary heights. I want thank all the members of the educational leadership department for accepting me through my time at the university and helping me to grow as a scholar. I want to give special thanks to my family and friends, all of whom in their own special way motivated me to this point and gave me the courage to overcome all the challenges that have come my way. Finally, I want to give thanks to God for letting my grandmother’s dream in a small apartment in Brooklyn come to fruition with the completion of this document. iii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................... 5 Significance of Study .......................................................................................................... 6 Importance of the Problem .................................................................................................. 8 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................ 17 Study Design ..................................................................................................................... 18 Assumptions of the Study ................................................................................................. 20 Delimitations of Research Problem .................................................................................. 20 Limitations of the Study.................................................................................................... 20 Definitions of Terms ......................................................................................................... 22 Organization of the Study ................................................................................................. 24 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 2 ........................................................................................................................... 26 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................... 26 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................... 26 iv Social Capital ............................................................................................................................. 27 Education and Social Capital ..................................................................................................... 29 Human Capital ........................................................................................................................... 30 Social Justice ............................................................................................................................. 31 Social Justice and Education ..................................................................................................... 32 Organizational Justice ................................................................................................................ 33 Historical Background ...................................................................................................... 34 Urban Education
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