$9;w 331 A Sustainable Agriculture"70' Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington EM 8531 January 1993

ORGGON 5TATG UNIVGRSITY GXTGNSION SGRVICG

\ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This guide is the culmination of a 3-year project Our Mike Hackett, Extension agent, Washington State University goal was to compile a listing of readily available informa- John Hart, Extension soil scientist, Oregon State University tion to direct farmers to sources of practical information Dyvon Havens, Extension agent, Washington State regarding sustainable agriculture. Farmers, and those who University advise farmers, tell us of the long hours they spend trying to Ken Johnson, Extension plant pathology specialist, Oregon track down sources of information. It is our hope that this State University guide will speed up this process. We invite your comments, Russ Karow, Extension agronomist, cereals, Oregon State suggestions, additions, and ideas for possible future University editions. Eleanor King, Cooperative Extension, Washington State We gratefully acknowledge the assistance provided by University Kim McAlear and Kathy Troseth with word processing. Larry S. Lev, Extension economist, agricultural maiketing, And special thanks to Pam Wegner for page layout and Oregon State University design. Thanks also to Evie Liss for her assistance, advise, Fairlight Lucia, editor, Oregon Tilth, Corvallis, Oregon and sense of humor in helping us to finish this project. Jim Lukens, director. Appropriate Technology Transfer for Finally, we would like to thank the numerous contributors Rural Areas, Fayetteville, Arkansas for their help with tracking down useful sources of informa- Don Lund, Computerized Farm Information Systems, tion. Stillwater, Minnesota Richard Maxwell, Cooperative Extension, Washington State CONTRIBUTORS University Harry MacCormack, executive director, Oregon Tilth, Katherine L. Adam, information specialist, Appropriate Corvallis, Oregon Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, Fayetteville, Jayne MacLean, librarian. National Agricultural Library, Arkansas Washington, DC Guy K. Ames, technical specialist. Appropriate Technology Kim McAlear, research assistant, Oregon State University Transfer for Rural Areas, Fayetteville, Arkansas Daniel Green McGrath, Extension agent, Oregon State Art Antonelli, Extension entomologist, Washington State University University Curt Moulton, Extension agent, Washington State Danny L. Barney, Extension horticulturist. University University of Idaho Ross Penhallegon, Extension agent, Oregon State University Charles Brun, Extension agent, Washington State Christine Rugen, senior technical specialist, Appropriate University Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, Fayetteville, John Burket, research assistant, Oregon State University Arkansas Larry Burl, Extension economist, agricultural marketing, Carol Savonen, science communication specialist, Oregon Oregon State University State University Lorna Michael Butler, Extension anthropologist, Anne Schwartz, Washington Tilth, Concrete, Washington Washington State University Jack Waud, chair, Clallam County Extension office, Robert H. Callihan, associate professor, agronomy, Washington State University University of Idaho Ray William, Extension horticulture specialist, weed Richard Carkner, Extension agricultural economist, science, Oregon State University Washington State University Alan Carr, consultant, Eugene, Oregon ILLUSTRATIONS Alan Cooper, agronomist/trainer, Integrated Plant John F. Graham, Eugene, Oregon Protection Center, Oregon State University Stephen G. Diver, technical specialist. Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas, Fayetteville, ORDERING INFORMATION Arkansas If you would like additional copies of this publication, Donna Doel, technical specialist. Appropriate Technology order by title and series number (EM 8531, A Sustainable Transfer for Rural Areas, Fayetteville, Arkansas Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington). Glenn Fisher, Extension entomologist, Oregon State Send $9.00 per copy to: University Publications Orders Jane Potter Gates, librarian^ National Agricultural Library, Agricultural Communications Washington, DC Oregon State University David Granatstein, sustainable agriculture project Administrative Services A422 coordinator, Washington State University Corvallis, OR 97331-2119 Gail Gredler, research assistant, Oregon State University Norma Grier, executive director. Northwest Coalition for We offer discounts on orders of 100 or more copies of a Alternatives to Pesticides single title. For price quotes, please call (503) 737-2513. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington EM 8531 January 1993

Gwendolyn Bane, former faculty research assistant, Helene Murray, sustainable agriculture research and education project associate, and Richard Dick, associate professor of soil science, all of the Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University. Funded by the USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program and The Northwest Area Foundation, St. Paul, Minnesota. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington i

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS 1 Pacific Northwest Organizations 1

National Organizations..... 7

PERIODICALS 15 Pacific Northwest Focus 15

National Publications 19

GENERAL BOOKS AND HANDBOOKS 27

UNIVERSITY RESOURCES 39 Libraries 39

Oregon State University 40 Extension Service 40 Agricultural Experiment Station 43 Agricultural Communications Publications 44

Washington State University 44 Extension Service 44 Agricultural Research Center 48 Publications Department 48

Pacific Northwest Publications 49

University of California Publications 49

DATABASES AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE. 51 Databases 51

Computer Bulletin Boards 54

Software 57

Computer Classes and Workshops 62 ii A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

Page

VIDEO TAPES AND OTHER MEDIA OFFERINGS 63 Pacific Northwest Focus 63 National Focus 65 Catalogs 71

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES 73 General References 73 Directories of Information 81 International Educational and Work Opportunities 82

PEST MANAGEMENT 85 General References 85 Extension Publications 88

Vegetation Management 91 General References 91 Extension Publications 94 Bibliographies 95 Periodicals 95 Video Tapes 96 Washington State Resources 96 Cover Crops, Green Manures, and Living Mulches 97 General References 97 Extension Publications 102 Bibliographies 102 Seed Source List 102 Herbicide Resistance in Weeds 103 Allelopathy 103 Biological Control of Weeds 104 Commercial Sources of Biocontrol agents for Weed Control 105 Current Status of Biological Weed Control Agents Released in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho 106 Biological Agents and Their Roles 110 Selected Microbial Herbicides Now Available & Under Development. 111 Animals 112 Sources of Weeder Geese 112 Flaming 112 Sources of Flame Weeders 113 Non-Living Mulches 113 Sources of Weed Mats and Sunlight Barriers 113 :

A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington Hi

PEST MANAGEMENT (continued) Page

Plant Disease Management 114 General References 114 Extension Publications 118 Alternative Pesticides 120 Postharvest Diseases and Control 121 General References 121 Extension Publications 122

Insect Management 124 Insect Identification 124 General References 124 Extension Publications 125 Private Labs and Consultants 126 Monitoring Equipment Suppliers 127 Insect Pest Management 128 General References 128 Video Tapes 128 Periodicals 129 Computer Population Models 129 General Sources of Information 130 Trap crops, Intercropping, and Crop Rotations 131 Traps, Pheromones, and Vacuums 131 General References 131 Developers, Manufacturers, and Distributors of Insect Attractants, Traps, & Related Supplies 132 Guidelines for Using Pheromone Traps to Monitor Insect Pests .. 135 Bug Vacs 137 Suppliers of Insect Vacuuming Devices 137 Alternative Pesticides 138 General References 138 Microbials 139 Beneficial Organisms 139 General References 140 Pacific Northwest Suppliers 141 Directories of Suppliers 142 Extension Publications 142

Nematode Management 145 General References 145 Biological Options 146 Extension Publications 146 Periodicals 147 iv A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

Page

SOILS 149 General References 149 Extension Publications 152

Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Soil Amendments 153 General References 153 Extension Publications 156 Suppliers of Alternative Soil Amendments 160 Pacific Northwest Suppliers 160 National Suppliers 161

Soil Testing and Plant Analysis 162 Biological and Soil Quality Testing 162 Chemical Soil Tests 163 Plant Analysis 163 Soil Sampling, Analysis and Interpretation Guidelines 164 Analytical Laboratories Serving the Pacific Northwest 165 General References 170 Extension Publications 171

Soil Conservation and Erosion Management 171 General References '.. 171 Extension Publications 176 Bibliographies 177 Government Resources 177

Windbreaks 178 General References 178 Video Tapes 178 Extension Publications 178

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 179 Directories 179 Irrigation Management 180 Management Techniques 182 Water Quality 182

Extension Publications 185 Periodicals 187 Videos 187 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington v

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (continued) Page

Organizations and Agencies with Agricultural Water Resource Management Affiliations 187

Public Water Testing Laboratories in Washington and Oregon 191

ON-FARM EXPERIMENTATION 193 General References 193

Organizations and Projects 195

MARKETING 199 General References 199

Extension Publications 204

Bibliographies 206

Organizations 206

Periodicals 206

Organic Marketing References 206

Farm-Direct Market Guides 208

Farmers' Markets 209 Oregon 210 Washington 212

Commodity Commissions 215 Oregon 215 Washington 217

CONVERSION TABLES 219 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS Pacific Northwest Organizations National Organizations

Organizations provide opportunities to network, lobby, and exchange information. The following is a list of organizations with ties to sustainable agriculture issues or activities.

Pacific Northwest Aprovecho Institute Aprovecho means "I make best use of in Alternative Energy Resources Organization Spanish. Aprovecho is a small nonprofit, tax- (AERO) exempt organization of people from several AERO is a private, nonprofit grassroots countries. At the Institute innovative tech- niques for housing, cooking, heating, and small organization formed in 1974 dedicated to the scale food production are taught and development of viable sustainable agricultural researched. marketing and production practices as well as The Research Center is situated on 40 rural community agricultural opportunities and renewable energy education. They sponsor acres of forested land near Cottage Grove, Oregon. The Institute focuses on providing farm tours, on-farm research, and farm im- public information, particularly regarding provement clubs in the Northern Rockies and Third World development and appropriate Plains. AERO also serves as a networking link technology (stoves, fuels, forestry, small-scale among farmers, researchers, extension agents, agriculture, etc.). Technical inquiries are policy-makers, and consumers. Membership in AERO includes a subscription to the quarterly answered over the phone or by mail. AERO Sun Times, and reduced rates on Aprovecho members and the general public are events, publications, and audio and video encouraged to use the library. The Center tapes. Membership rates are: $25 individual, produces two newsletters. News from $30 family/supporting, $35 nonprofit organiza- Aprovecho (published 5 times per year) and tions, and $50 commercial. Contributions are Fava News (published on a trial basis, see tax-deductible Periodical section of this guide for more For more information contact: information), and holds a number of workshops AERO each year. Two types of membership avail- 44 North Last Chance Gulch able: full members donate 5 working days or Helena, MT 59601 $100 annually; supporting members give $15 (406) 443-7272 Agricultural Organizations per year or 1/10 of 1% of their annual expendi- Ministries of Oregon is the administrator of the tures. Internships are available, and normally program. last about 14 months. For more information contact: For more information contact: Ecumenical Ministries of Oregon Aprovecho Institute 0245 SW Bancroft Street, Suite B 80574 Hazelton Road Portland, OR 97201 Cottage Grove, OR 97424 (503) 221-1054 (503) 942-9434 Consumers United for Food Safety (CUFFS) The Association for Regional Agriculture An organization established in 1984 that Building the Local Economy (ARABLE) focuses on food safety and quality issues, ARABLE is a nonprofit membership including food irradiation and pesticides in association and community investment pro- food. CUFFS encourages consumers through- gram serving Oregon. Members of ARABLE out the U.S. to get involved by becoming open savings accounts in a designated financial informed and expressing themselves politically. instimtion that earns interest while serving as Membership is $15 per year and includes four the basis of the ARABLE loan program. issues of quarterly updates on CUFFS activi- ARABLE is no a lending institution itself, but ties and legislative updates. an association of people agreeing to offer their For more information contact: assets as collateral through an existing finan- CUFFS cial institution for specific purposes. The goals P.O. Box 22928 Seattle, WA 98122 of the association are to: encourage local (206) 747-2659 production, distribution, and consumption of food and fiber; enhance long-term sustainabil- Farm Bureau ity of local agriculture; promote mutual The Farm Bureau is one of the largest interdependence among local populations; and agricultural grass-roots organization in the increase direct and indirect local employment. country, with offices throughout the United Loans up to $30,000 for a variety of purposes States. The Farm Bureau represents members including equipment purchases, seasonal start- on issues such as policy, legislation and other up costs, relocations and inventory buying are issues pertinent to agriculture including considered. Preference is given to farmers services such as water testing to members. The practicing sustainable agriculture. Farm Bureau also offers insurance policies to For more information contact: members. Each state office has representatives ARABLE located throughout the state; for more informa- 1175 Chamelton Street tion about Farm Bureau activities in your area Eugene, OR 97401 contact one of the offices below. (503) 485-7630 For more information contact: Farm Bureau of Oregon Common Ground of Oregon 1730 Commercial Street SE Common Ground of Oregon is designed to P.O. Box 2209 offer emergency assistance to Oregon farm Salem, OR 97308-2209 families who are caught in agricultural crises. (503) 581-1486, ext. 308 Money to start the program was generated by Willie Nelson concerts and is designated to Farm Bureau of Washington provide assistance to families needing money 1011-10th Avenue SE for food, transportation of food supplies, utility P.O. Box 2009 bills, and medical supplies. Ecumenical Olympia, WA 98507 (206) 357-9975 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

Farmers for Clean Water For more information contact: The Farmers for Clean Water project is Larry Santoyo designed to conduct research with farmers in Northwest Permaculture Institute the Green River Watershed, especially along 2073 Marble Valley-Basin Road the Newaukum and Soos Creeks in Washing- Addy, WA 99109 ton. The goal is develop practical and reason- (509) 935-4578 able techniques to control farm source pollu- tion. Technical advice on basic water quality League of Women Voters of Oregon guidelines, test procedures, pasture manage- The League of Women Voters is a non- ment, and drainage is available. Cooperating partisan, political organization. The League Agencies are WSU Cooperative Extension and seeks to promote active citizen participation in the King County Conservation District. government and provide unbiased information Contact person: Martha Goodlett, Project on ballot measures and candidates. The Manager. League also studies issues and adopts and For more information contact: promotes positions. Among the environmental Farmers for Clean Water issues that have been studied at all levels WSU-CE/King County (local, state, and national) are: air and water 506 Second Avenue quality, the Columbia River Basin, water Seattle, WA 98104 resources, energy, land use, solid waste, and Phone: 8:30 to 4:30 sustainable agriculture. The League continu- (206) 296-3900, or ally watches developments in the Oregon area (800) 325-6165 ext. 3900 and can supply information about them to interested citizens. The League has local Friends of the Trees Society organizations in cities throughout the state. Friends of the Trees Society is a network For more information contact: of individuals, local groups, and international Oregon League of Women Voters organizations working to preserve forests and 2659 Commercial St. SE, Suite 220 plant trees. Membership in the Society is $10 Salem, OR 97302 per year for Regular membership, $25 for (503) 581-5722 Contributing membership, $50 for Sustaining membership, and $250 for Lifetime member- Northwest Food Processors Association ship. Founded in 1978, the Society publishes Provides marketing information. the Friends of the Trees Catalog, Actinidia For more information contact: Enthusiasts Newsletter (Actinidia = kiwi fruit), Northwest Food Processors Assoc. and the Green Front Report. 2300 SW First Avenue For more information contact: Portland, OR 97201-5047 Friends of the Trees Society (503) 226-2848 P.O. Box 1064 Tonasket, WA 98855 Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to (509) 486-4726 Pesticides (NCAP) NCAP is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organiza- Great Northwest Permaculture Institute tion dedicated to advocating use of alternative The Institute advocates using ecology as means of controlling pests. Information the basis for designing integrated systems of packets, pesticide fact sheets, pesticide packets, food production, housing, appropriate technol- and the Journal of Pesticide Reform are ogy, and community development. Many published by NCAP. For more information workshops and courses are offered throughout about cost and availability of these publica- the year. tions contact NCAP. Membership to the Agricultural Organizations organization is $25 per year and includes a Service network, which provides opportunities subscription to the Journal. for apprenticeships on Tilth certified farms. For more information contact: Oregon Tilth also manages the certification of NCAP organic foods in Oregon, and works with 1249 Willamette farmers and university personnel in coordinat- P.O. Box 1393 ing on-farm research and demonstration Eugene, OR 97440 projects. (503) 344-5044 For more information contact: Certification Program Oregon Fresh Market Growers P.O. Box 218 Association Tualatin, OR 97062 An association of growers, retailers, (503)692-4877 office wholesalers, brokers, and related businesses (503) 691-2514 FAX who identify and promote the benefits of buying "Oregon Fresh Grown" agriculture Research and Education Program fresh market products. The goal of the group 31615 Fern Road is to offer information to the public on fresh Philomath, OR 97370 market produce issues, provide networking (503)929-6742 office services among members, and establish a (503)929-6743 FAX means for obtaining goods and services as an organized group. Partnership for Rural Improvement For more information contact: The Partnership is a consortium of educa- Fresh Market Growers Association tional institutions, public service agencies and P.O. Box 18 citizens that acts as a catalyst for community West Linn, OR 97068 improvement in Washington. Established in (503) 635-4465 1976, the goals are to help communities solve local problems, aid citizens in locating infor- Oregon Gourmet Foods mation sources, and to assist in providing A nonprofit trade organization which community and rural development services. publishes a list of specialty food suppliers. For more information contact: For more information contact: Partnership for Rural Improvement Oregon Gourmet Foods 411 Hulbert Hall P.O. Box 459 Washington State University Portland, OR Pullman, WA 99164-6230 (503) 285-1002 (509) 335-2937

Oregon Tilth, Inc. Portland Vegetarians Oregon Tilth is a nonprofit educational and An organization for vegetarians in the research organization which supports and Portland area. The group meets on a regular promotes organic and sustainable agriculture in basis to discuss issues and concerns. Lectures, the Pacific Northwest. Established in 1974, workshops and other events are sponsored by Tilth sponsors a number of seminars, confer- the group. Dues are on a sliding scale: ences, and publishes a monthly newsletter, In suggested contribution is $12 per year for Good Tilth. Annual membership fee is $25, regular membership, $6 for students and low- which includes a subscription to the newsletter, income folks. Dues include a subscription to and allows members to attend Tilth events for the monthly newsletter. free or at a reduced charge. Oregon Tilth is a participant in the national Tilth Placement A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

For more information contact: protect farmland; and, to coordinate political Portland Vegetarians activities regarding land use issues in the P.O. Box 19521 Skagit Valley of Washington. Annual mem- Portland, OR 97219 bership fees are arranged on a sliding scale, (503) 223-5596 with the minimum membership fee request at $25, although ability to pay will not preclude Provender Alliance people from joining. The Provender Alliance was established in For more information contact: 1977 as a regional trade organization of Skagitonians to Preserve Farmland Natural Foods Businesses and Associates in P.O. Box 261 the Northwest. The Alliance produces a Burlington, WA 98233 quarterly journal, holds an annual conference, and provides advocacy and information Specialty Foods Group services for members. Provender has formed a A private organization in the Seattle area political action committee, PAC: An Associa- which publishes a monthly newsletter that lists tion of Natural Foods Advocates, that lobbies upcoming trade shows. for sustainable food and agriculture policies. For more information contact: Membership in the Alliance is $15 for students Specialty Foods Group and senior citizens, $25 for individuals, $40 to P.O. Box 9668 $100 for businesses (dues for businesses are Seattle, WA 98109 based on annual sales figures). (206) 243-8242 For more information contact: Contact: Diane Easley Provender Alliance 349 Marion Lane STEEP Eugene, OR 97404 STEEP, Solutions to Environmental and (503) 461-1131 Economic Problems, is a regional network of producers, land owners, university researchers, Seattle Tilth USDA scientists, and several federal agencies. An urban chapter of the Western Washing- Objectives of the project include integrating ton Tilth Producers Cooperative, Seattle Tilth research on soil, pest, and plant management, is a volunteer organization of gardeners erosion control studies, and several federal interested in ecological food production. agencies. Objectives of the project include Projects include workshops, a demonstration integrating research on soil, pest, and plant garden, and a monthly newsletter. Membership management, erosion control studies, and is $12 for individuals, $15 for families, and technology transfer related to conservation $25 for organizations. farming, water quality, and environmental For more information contact: management. Seattle Tilth Association For more information contact: 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North Director Seattle, WA 98103 Idaho Ag. Experiment Station (206) 633-0451 University of Idaho Agricultural Science Building Skagitonians to Preserve Farmland Moscow, ID 83843 Founded in 1989, the goals of the (208) 885-7173 Skagitonians are: to preserve agricultural land for agricultural production; to conduct research and education about the value of farmland; to explore options for private and public efforts to Agricultural Organizations

Director For more information contact: Oregon Ag. Experiment Station Washington Toxics Coalition Oregon State University 4516 University Way NE Strand Agriculture Hall Seattle, WA 98105 Corvallis, OR 97331-2201 (206) 632-1545 (503) 737-4251 Western Rural Development Center Director (WRDC) Washington Ag. Research Center The WRDC stimulates research and Washington State University education in the social sciences on issues faced 403 Hulbert Hall by rural communities. Headquartered at Pullman, WA 99164-6240 Oregon State University, WRDC works with (509) 335-4563 Agricultural Experiment Stations and Coopera- tive Extension services within the Land Grant Washington Tilth Association University system in the 13 western states and Washington Tilth is a not-for-profit in American territories in the Pacific. The agricultural corporation dedicated to education Center publishes a number of resources and promotion of sustainable agriculture. including books, slides, and video tapes. For a Several local Tilth chapters are located publications list contact your local county throughout the state. The Association works extension agent or one of the offices listed with organic farmers in Washington (Seattle below. Tilth works primarily with people interested in For more information contact: urban organic gardening—see their listing WRDC earlier in this section). The Association holds University of Idaho meetings and produces a directory annually and Moscow, ID 83843 periodically publishes a newsletter. Member- (208) 885-6639 ship rates: $25 individual or farm; and $50 for businesses. WRDC For more information contact- Oregon State University Tilth Corvallis, OR 97331 P.O. Box 10813 (503)737-2711 Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 (206) 842-5612 WRDC Washington State University Washington Toxics Coalition (WTQ Pullman, WA 99164 A nonprofit, voluntary group of citizens (509) 335-2933 that advocate: groundwater protection based on prevention of pollution; regulations that Western United States Agricultural Trade allow no degradation in water quality; and, Association (WUSATA) research and education to promote reduction of' A nonprofit regional trade association toxics. WTC has prepared a reading list of formed to promote export of high-value groundwater educational materials, and products from western U.S. food and agricul- publishes a quarterly newsletter called tural firms. The Directors from State Depart- Alternatives. ments of Agriculture in twelve western states direct the activities of the Association. This association provides a link between interna- tional food buyers, Western U.S. suppliers, state agricultural agencies, and the Foreign A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

Agricultural Service of the USDA One of their NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS programs, Value-Added Promotion Program (TEA/VAPP), is a cost-matching program Alternative Farming Systems Information assisting producers of high-value food products Center (fresh and processed foods and beverages) in The Center is one of twelve specialized their overseas marketing programs. Eligible information centers of the National Agricul- activities include advertising, production of tural Library, the main library of the USDA. promotional materials, and in-store merchan- The Center issues bibliographies from the dising. An information packet and application Library's Quick Bibliography Series. The forms are available by contacting one of the "QB's" average about 20 pages in length and western state department of agriculture offices contain between 100 and 300 citations from the or WUSATA. AGRICOLA database. Those in high demand For more information contact; are updated and reissued with new numbers. WUSATA New QB's are published on a regular basis, a 13101 NE Highway 99, Suite 200 current listing can be obtained by contacting Vancouver, WA 98686-2786 the Center. The references cited in the series (206) 574-2627 are generally of a technical, research-oriented nature from refereed journals. The bibliogra- Willamette Valley Tree Fruit Growers phies are available free of charge. Special Association (WVTFGA) Reference Briefs (SRB') are also periodically The Tree Fruit Growers Association meets released by the Center. Some of the titles are several times during the year to discuss listed after the Quick Bibliographies list. To pro-duction, marketing, and fruit quality request copies, send name and number of the issues. They also organize orchard tours each publication desired and a self-addressed, summer. Annual dues are $20; dues include a gummed label. subscription to the Valley Orchardist, a For more information contact: newsletter published three times per year. Alternative Farming Systems For more information contact: Information Center WVTFGA National Agricultural Library P.O. Box 70 Room 111 Hillsboro, OR 97123 Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 (301) 344-3704 Jeff Olsen, Advisor Yamhill County Extension Office OB No. Title 2050 Lafayette Avenue McMinnville, OR 97128 QB 91-90 Agricultural Meteorology and (503) 434-7517 Remote Sensing, February 1991, 146 citations QB 90-27 Agroforestry Systems, J. MacLean, December 1989, 20 p. QB 90-28 Air Pollution Effects on Crops and Forests, J. Gates, February 1990 QB 90-46 Allelopathy: The effects of chemicals produced, H. Gilbert, April 1990 QB 90-25 Alternative Crops, K. Schneider, February 1900 Agricultural Organizations

QB 90-79 Alternative Farming Systems - QB 89-97 Double Cropping and Inter plant- Economic Aspects, K., 12 p. ing, J. MacLean, May 1991, 334 Schneider, August 1990, 66 p. citations QB 90-29 Amaranths for Food or Feed, J. QB 91-23 Drip and Trickle Irrigation, J. Gates, February 1989, 23 p. MacLean, November 1990, 81 p. QB 90-82 Beekeeping in the United States, QB 91-61 Dryland Farming, H. Gilbert, C. Kopolow, September 1990, March 1991, 23 p. 35 p. QB 90-63 Earthworms in Agriculture, J. QB 91-102 Biodegradable and Photode- Rafats, July 1990, 19 p. gradable Plastics, March 1991, QB 90-50 Ecology of Tropical Rainforests, 104 citations. J. Gates, May 1990, 25 p. QB 91-107 Biotechnology: Genetic QB 90-01 Farming Systems Research, J. Engineering for Crop Plant MacLean, October 1989, 18 p. Improvement, March 1991, 405 QB 89-60 Farmland Preservation, J. citations MacLean, May 1989, 16 p. QB 91-112 Biotechnology and Bioethics, QB 90-76 Forage Legumes, J. MacLean, March 1991, 64 citations. August 1990, 30 p. QB 90-92 Bt (Bacillus Thuringiensis) for QB 91-121 Fruit Orchards, April 1991, 270 Biocontrol, J. MacLean, Septem- citations. ber 1990, 34 p. QB 90-56 Global Warming and the Green- QB 89-75 Breeding and Selecting Crops house Effect, J. MacLean, June for Insect Pest Resistance, J. 1990, 28 p. MacLean, June 1989, 30 p. QB 89-58 Green Manures and Cover QB 91-65 Climate and Insect Pests, Crops, J. MacLean, May 1989, January 1980-December 1990, 28 p. 219 citations. QB 90-62 Ground Water Contamination, QB 91-67 Climate and Plant Disease, H. Gilbert, June 1990, 32 p. January 1980-December 1990, QB 89-51 Herbicide Resistance, March 292 citations. 1991, 296 citations. QB 91-68 Climate and Corn Production, QB 89-34 Herbicides: Ecological Effects, January 1980-December 1990, J. MacLean, February 1989 191 citations. QB 90-77 Hydroponics: Nutrient Film QB 91-101 Climate, Fertilizers, andSoil Technique, H. Gilbert, August Fertility, February 1991, 142 1990, 51 p. citations. QB 90-47 IPM and Biological Control of QB 91 -27 Composts and Composting of Plant Pests: Horticultural Organic Wastes, J. MacLean, Crops, J. MacLean, May 1990, November 1990, 46 p. 37 p. QB 90-15 Conservation Tillage, Including QB 91-70 IPM and Biological Control of Minimum and No-Tillage, J. Weeds, J. MacLean, April 1991 MacLean, December 1989 QB 90-02 Legumes in Crop Rotations, J. QB 90-40 Cultural or Mechanical Weed MacLean, October 1989, 27 p. Control, J. MacLean, April 1991, QB 90-71 Manures: Uses, Costs and 209 citations. Benefits, J. MacLean, August QB 91-96 Cut Flower Production, April 1990, 25 p. 1991, 184 citations QB 89-77 Nonpoint Source Pollution, an Agricultural Concern, J. MacLean, June 1989, 20 p. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington

QB 90-75 Part-time Farming, J. MacLean, SRB No. Title August 1990, 16 p. QB 91-72 Raising Quail, Pheasants, SRB 88-04 Raising Snails, S. Cheney, Partridge, Bobwhites and March 1988, 15 p. Ostriches, J. Larson, April 1991, SRB 90-04 Organic Certification, J. Gates, 21 p. December 1989, 9 p. QB 91-105 Reforestation and Afforestation, SRB 91-04 Transition Toward a Sustainable March 1991, 160 citations. Agriculture, J. Gates and C. QB 90-03 Rotational Grazing and Intensive Tant, December 1990, 25 p. Pasture Management, J. MacLean. October 1989 QB 91-99 Seaweed Culture and Uses, American Farmland Trust (AFT) September 1990, 209 citations. AFT is a not-for-profit organization QB 91-78 Sewage Sludge in Agriculture, formed in 1980 to promote: farmland preser- January 1983-February 1991, vation and protection through legislation; 152 citations financial and real estate transactions to assist QB 90-14 Small Farms and Farming in the endangered farms; and lobbying. AFT also U.S., J. MacLean, December coordinates an Information Qearinghouse, 1989, 27 p. designed to distribute information about QB 90-57 Societal Impacts of Adoption of farmland preservation. Membership fees are Alternative Agricultural tax-deductible: $15, white ribbon member; Practices, J. MacLean, June $30, red ribbon member; $60, blue ribbon 1990, 16 p. member. QB 91-24 Soil Organic Matter: Impacts on For more information contact: Productivity, K. Scheider, American Farmland Trust November 1990, 46 p. National Office QB 91-103 So/7 Testing & Plant Analysis for 1920 N Street, Suite 400 Fertilizer Recommendations K. Washington D.C. 20036 Schneider, March 1991, 193 (202) 659-5170 citations QB 91-84 Solar Energy Alternatives for Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Agriculture, January 1986-March Areas (ATTRA) 1991, 257 citations A national USDA Extension Service QB 91 -95 Sustainable or A Iternative program managed by the National Center for Agriculture, J. MacLean, January Appropriate Technology (NCAT). ATTRA 1991 provides cost-free information and technical QB 91-120 Tropical Fruits, April 1991, 270 assistance to farmers, agribusiness organiza- citations tions, agricultural support groups, and other QB 90-64 Wastewater Irrigation, K. interested individuals on low-input and sustain- Schneider, August 1990, 16 p. able agriculture practices and related QB 91-37 Wind Energy for Agriculture, S. technologies. Chanpman, December 1990 ATTRA is equipped to respond to the needs of horticultural, agronomic, and livestock operators of any scale. ATTRA advocates trying local sources of information, such as Cooperative Extension, before contacting them, but they will seek information not readily available through local Extension offices. 10 Agricultural Organizations

Requests for technical information may be Bio-Integrated Resource Center (BIRC) initiated in writing or by calling the ATTRA A nonprofit corporation undertaking toll-free phone line. Questions are answered research and education in integrated pest via the mail. Each request is referred to the management (IPM). BIRC members receive appropriate Technical Specialist, who reviews help with pest management questions and a literature in the ATTRA Resource Center, subscription to the IPM Practitioner (IPMP). contacts relevant research agencies and special- Membership for institutions, libraries, or ists, and searches databases. The amount of businesses is $50 per year; $25 per year for time spent on each question is limited to three individuals; $18 per year for registered stu- or four hours, so the response is more than dents. Dual membership includes a subscrip- cursory but less than exhaustive. Based on the tion to both the IPMP and the Common Sense current number of requests for information the Pest Control Quarterly: $75 per year for average reply takes four to six weeks; however, institutions, and $45 for individuals. Dona- ATTRA does have several packets of informa- tions to BIRC are tax-deductible. tion on commonly requested topics, which will For more information contact: reduce the amount of time it takes to receive a BIRC reply. For business other than information P.O. Box 7414 requests the phone number is (501) 575-7570. Berkeley, CA 94707 For more information contact: (510) 524-2567 ATTRA P.O. Box 3657 California Action Network (CAN) Fayetteville, AR 72702 CAN is a grassroots political organization (800) 346-9140 designed to promote organic farming and organic farmers. CAN publishes the Organic Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening Wholesalers Directory & Yearbook: Organic Association, Inc. Food and Farm Supplies (see the Market A nonprofit organization that promotes the Directories section of this handbook for more practices and principles of biodynamic agricul- information about the CAN directory). ture. Organized in 1938, the Association General membership is $15 annually, $25 for supports a quarterly magazine, publishes supporting/nonprofit membership, and $50 for books, offers a biodynamic advisory service, commercial membership. Membership supports training programs, sponsors confer- includes a subscription to the Agrarian ences and lectures, funds research projects, and Advocate, a quarterly newspaper-style supplies biodynamic preparations. Basic publication. membership rate is $20 per year, contributing For more information contact: membership is $30 per year, and supporting California Action Network membership is $50 per year. P.O. Box 464 For more information contact: Davis, CA 95617 Biodynamic Association (916) 756-8518 National Office P.O. Box 550 Center for Holistic Resource Management Kimberton, PA 19442 The Center for Holistic Resource Manage- (215) 935-7797 ment (HRM) is a nonprofit membership organization established in 1984. The Center sponsors a number of workshops and courses throughout the country on farm profitability, land and ranch development, and long-range planning. Publications discuss many aspects A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 11 of agriculture including biological control, Center for Rural Affairs grazing management, and financial planning. Sustainable Agriculture Project Contact the Center for a list of publications P.O. Box 736 and price list. General membership is $30 per Hartington, NE 68739 year, $15 for students and senior citizens, and (402) 254-6893 $50 for businesses/institutions. Membership includes a subscription to the Savory Letter, a Center for Science in the Public Interest quarterly 20-page newsletter. (CSPI) For more information contact: CSPI is a nonprofit consumer and health Center for HRM advocacy organization founded in 1971. CSPI 800 Rio Grande Blvd. NW, Room 12 is the lead organization for Americans for Safe Albuquerque, NM 87104 Foods (ASF), a coalition of over 80 consumer, (505) 242-9272 environmental, farm, and rural advocacy groups working on food safety issues. The The Center for Rural Affairs Center also publishes the Nutrition Action Formed in 1973 by rural Nebraskans, the Healthletter (NAH) 10 times each year. private nonprofit organization provides a Subscription to the NAH is $19.95 per year. forum to discuss social, economic, and envi- The CSPI also publishes a number of books, ronmental issues affecting rural America, software, and educational posters. especially in the Midwest and Plains region. For more information contact: The Center for Rural Affairs (CRA) is gov- CSPI erned by a volunteer board consisting of 1501 - 16th Street NW farmers, ranchers, educators, and business Washington D.C. 20036 people, but is not a membership organization. (202)332-9110 The Center publishes the Center for Rural Affairs Newsletter, the Small Farm Advocate, CONCERN, Inc. and the Rural Enterprise Reporter. The CONCERN, Inc., founded in 1970, is a newsletter and the Reporter are available free. nonprofit organization which provides environ- Subscription to the Advocate is $10 per year mental information and guidelines for commu- for individuals and nonprofit organizations, nity action on a variety of issues including $15 for others. Funding for the Center is from waste management, soil and water conserva- sale of publications, private donations, and tion, and groundwater quality. The goal of the through grants and foundations. A publica- organization is to help communities find tions list is available upon request. solutions to environmental problems. The Center also runs the CRA Sustainable CONCERN, Inc. publishes the following Agriculture Project (earlier projects included booklets: Waste: choices for communities; the 1976-83 Small Farm Energy Project and Farmland: a community issue; Drinking Water: the Small Farm Resources Project from 1983- a community action guide; Groundwater: a 87). The current sustainable agriculture community action guide; Pesticides: a commu- project conducts on-farm research, workshops, nity action guide; and. Household Waste: policy research, and information dissemination. issues and opportunities. Booklets are avail- For more information contact: able for $3 each. Center for Rural Affairs Main Office For more information contact: P.O. Box 405 CONCERN, Inc. Walthill, NE 68067 1794 Columbia Road, NW (402) 846-5428 Washington D.C. 20009 (202) 328-8160 12 Agricultural Organizations

Demeter Association News. A subscription to the Journal is $20 for An association which carries out the individuals and $10 for students. certification and evaluation of farms using For more information contact- biodynamic methods. The Demeter Associa- Institute for Alternative Agriculture tion has guidelines for certification of three 9200 Edmonston Road classes of farms using biodynamic methods, Greenbelt, MD 20770 from transitional to the model of an ideal (301) 441-8777 Demeter farm. The Demeter Association is associated with the internationally recognized The Kerr Center for Sustainable Demeter trademark organizations worldwide. Agriculture, Inc. For more information contact: The Kerr Center is a private, nonprofit Demeter Association research ranch and farm in Southeastern 4214 National Avenue Oklahoma. The Center maintains 4,150 acres Burbank, CA 91505 of pasture, woodland, and waterways. The (818) 843-5521 operation includes over 500 head of cattle and other livestock. The program includes research Healthy Harvest and development projects, and extension and Healthy Harvest: A Global Directory of educational activities. The Center program Sustainable Agriculture and Horticulture builds on 20-plus years of work by its prede- Organizations offers over 1,400 listings and cessor, The Kerr Foundation Agricultural full descriptions of agriculture and horticulture Division. In 1985 the Kerr Center for Sustain- training institutes, research centers, develop- able Agriculture was formed to continue the ment programs advocacy groups, university pasture and livestock management projects, but programs, and businesses involved in all with a broader approach. The Center pub- aspects of sustainable agriculture. Listings are lishes a free monthly newsletter, sponsors cross indexed and include full descriptions, internship programs, and supports a library contact names, and phone numbers. Updated and learning center within the Kerr Center. every two years. $19.95 plus $3 handling. For more information contact: Available from: The Kerr Center for Sustainable agAccess Agriculture 603 Fourth Street P.O. Box 588 Davis, CA 95616 Poteau, OK 74953 (916) 756-7177 (918) 647-9123

Institute for Ahemative Agriculture (IAA) The Land Institute The Institute is a nonprofit tax-exempt The Land Institute conducts programs at research and education organization established its 275 acre site, which includes 100 acres of in 1983. IAA works directly with government native prairie. A nonprofit education and agencies, educational institutions, and producer research organization founded in 1976, the groups on alternative and sustainable agricul- Institute is devoted to sustainable agriculture ture issues. The Institute prints a number of and stewardship. The Land offers post- publications including the Alternative graduate internships, serves as a study center Agriculture News, the American Journal of of environmental and agricultural issues, and Alternative Agriculture, and Symposium conducts research into the development of a Proceedings from lAA's annual scientific sustainable agriculture based on the model of symposia. Regular membership is $15 per the prairie. The Land Institute also hosts the year; $7.50 for students. Membership includes annual Prairie Festival. a subscription to the Alternative Agriculture A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 13

For more information contact: Northern Plains Sustainable Agriculture The Land Institute Society (NPSAS) 2440 East Water Well Road A nonprofit educational society, founded in Salina, KS 67401 1979. The Society gathers and shares informa- (913) 823-5376 tion that enables members to develop a more sustainable agriculture system on individual Land Stewardship Project (LSP) farms. Workshops, conferences, and farm Founded in 1982, the LSP is a private, tours are held. Associate membership is $10 nonprofit education program working to per year, and includes a newsletter subscrip- address rural resource questions in the Mid- tion. west. The LSP publishes a newsletter, books, For more information contact: videos, and conducts on-farm research and NPSAS demonstrations. A Resource Catalog listing Rural Route 1, Box 73 publications and an order form is available. Windsor, ND 58424 Contributions are tax-deductible, and a mini- (701) 763-6287 mum donation of $20 per year includes a subscription to The Land Stewardship Letter, a Natural Organic Farmers Association quarterly journal, and to Horizons, a bi- (NOFA) monthly technical newsletter. Both publica- The Natural Organic Farmers Association tions may be ordered by subscription as well. is a group of farmers and supporters of organic For more information contact: farming throughout the U.S. Land Stewardship Project For more information contact: 14758 Ostlund Trail North NOFA Marine on St. Croix, MN 55047 RFD#2 (612) 433-2770 Barre, MA 01005 (508) 355-2853 The Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture Organic Foods Production Association Established by the Iowa Legislature, the (OFPANA) of North America Leopold Center's work focuses on research and OFPANA is the trade association for educational programs on the environmental, North America's organic food industry. It's social, and economic impacts of agricultural goals are to promote the organic food trade by production systems. The Center publishes the promoting public awareness and understanding Leopold Letter a quarterly publication, avail- of organic foods, and increasing sales, profits, able free. and the economic sustainability of the trade. For more information contact: They also work to protect the organic guaran- Leopold Center tee by providing a unified position on legisla- 3203 Agronomy Hall tive, regulatory, and policy issues that affect Iowa State University the trade of organic products. Subscriptions to Ames, IA 50011 the monthly newsletter are free for members (515)294-3711 and $50 per year for non-members. For more information contact: OFPANA P.O. Box 1078 Greenfield, MA 01301 (413)774-7511 14 Agricultural Organizations

Resource Efficient Agricultural Production for Canada (REAP-CANADA) REAP sponsors field days and confer- ences, publishes educational materials includ- ing research reports and videos. Membership is $15 Canadian ($16 U.S.) per year from date of receipt, and includes a subscription to the Sustainable Farming magazine, and discounts on registration fees for conferences, field days, and educational materials. For more information contact: REAP-CANADA Box 125, Glenaladale House Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec H9X ICO (514)398-7743 office (514)398-7972 FAX A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 15 PERIODICALS Pacific Northwest Focus National Focus

1 here are numerous journals, magazines and newsletters with information pertinent to sustainable agriculture issues. The following list contains publications that include practical ideas and applied research results. For the most part, periodicals that include basic research information and results have been omitted. For more information about research findings, visit an agricultural library or ask your local librarian to assist you in obtaining publications from the Interlibrary Loan Service.

PACIFIC NORTHWEST AERO 44 North Last Chance Gulch #9 Helena, MT 59601 The Agriculture Quarterly (406) 443-7272 The Agriculture Quarterly reports on activities of interest to Northwest farmers and The Berry Basket ranchers and on activities the Oregon Depart- A quarterly newsletter published by ment of Agriculture coordinates. Available Washington State University regarding berry free. crop research and extension activities in the The Agriculture Quarterly Pacific Northwest. Available free. Oregon Department of Agriculture WSU-CE/Clark County 635 Capitol Street NE Attention: Charles Brun Salem, OR 97310-0110 800 Franklin, Suite E (503) 378-3773 Vancouver, WA 98660 (206)696-8411 Office The AERO Sun Times (206)696-8403 FAX The Alternative Energy Resource Organization's (AERO) quarterly magazine covering sustainable agriculture, resource conservation, and community self-reliance. The magazine is a benefit of AERO member- ship (see the Organization section for member- ship information) or is available by subscrip- tion. Individual subscription rate is $15. 16 Periodicals

Caneberry Newsletter production, marketing, shows and sales, and, A bi-monthly publication of Oregon State family and home information. Subscription University. Discusses caneberry research and price: Single issue: 750; $9 per year. extension activities in Oregon. No charge. Farmer-Stockman North Willamette Research and P.O. Box 2160 Extension Center Spokane, WA 99210-1615 15210 NE Miley Road (509) 459-5361 Aurora, OR 97002 (503) 678-1264 Fava News A new publication of the Aprovecho The Capital Press Institute (see the Organizations section of this The largest weekly agricultural newspaper guide for more information about Aprovecho). in the Pacific Northwest. The Capital Press In April 1990 the first issue of the Fava News covers the entire range of issues related to was distributed on a trial basis (about 100 agriculture including production, policy, copies were printed). If enough people are consumer concerns, and legislative issues. interested, Aprovecho will continue the news- Subscription rate is $30 for one year, $45 for letter. Cunently there is no charge for the 6- two years. page publication, but to receive copies contact The Capital Press Aprovecho with the following information: P.O. Box 2048 your interest in favas, and ideas for establish- Salem, OR 97308 ing a network with other fava enthusiasts in (503) 364-4431 North America. Aprovecho Institute Commodity Trends 80574 Hazelton Road A newsletter containing market news Cottage Grove, OR 97424 information on a wide variety of commodities (503) 942-9434 with information such as current, prior week, and year-ago prices; livestock production Friends of the Trees Newsletters figures; and highlights of agricultural news. The Friends of the Trees Newsletter Published 49 weeks per year, subscriptions are highlights information about the Friends of the $32 per year. Trees projects, as well as work of other Market News conservation organizations. Sustainable Department of Agricultural and agriculture, forestry, and international travelers Resource Economics networks are reported on in the sporadically Ballard Extension Hall, Room 213 published newsletter. Subscription is via Oregon State University membership in Friends, $10 per year, $250 for Corvallis, OR 97331-3601 lifetime membership. The Actinidia (503) 737-1438 Enthusiasts Newsletter (AEN) prints informa- tion on propagation, breeding, growing, Farmer-Stockman processing, and marketing kiwi fruit. Printed There are different versions of the monthly as information becomes available, Issues 4 and publication targeted at fanners and stockmen in 5 of AEN are still available. Issue 4 (72 Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Montana, Utah, pages) is $5, Issue 5 (116 pages) is $10. and Arizona. The main articles of each issue Friends of the Trees are the same for each of the publications, but P.O. Box 1064 locally relevant information is reported in each Tonasket, WA 98855 regional issue. The publication covers a wide (509) 486-4726 variety of crop and livestock topics including: A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 17

Growing Edge Oregon Tilth Research and A quarterly magazine focusing on "high- Education Office tech gardening." The publication is targeted 31615 Fern Road primarily at home gardeners but also provides Philomath, OR 97370 information applicable to greenhouse, hydro- (503) 929-6742 ponic, and specialty herb operations. Yearly subscriptions are $17.95 for second-class Journal of Pesticide Reform delivery, $24.95 for first-class delivery; Published four times per year by the Canadian subscriptions are $24.95. A sample Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to issue is $6.50 for first-class delivery. Pesticides (NCAP). The Journal is available New Moon Publishing, Inc. through membership in NCAP (see Organiza- 215 SW Second Street, Suite 201 tion section of this guide), or by subscription, Corvallis, OR 97333 $15 for four issues. (503) 757-0027 NCAP (800) 888-6785 P.O. Box 1393 Eugene, OR 97440 The Herb Market Report (503) 344-5044 A monthly newsletter published by the Organization for Advancement of Knowledge Market Kiosk (OAK) for both the herb farmer and forager, A trade association newsletter published developed to provide detailed information on quarterly by The Washington State Farmers' specific crops. Each month, the newsletter Market Association. features two herbs. Included is specific Washington State Farmers' Market information on a complete farm plan and a Association forage plan, harvest and drying techniques for 11910-C Meridian East, Suite 29 each, processing and storage requirements, and Puyallup, WA 98373 marketing options. Sections on cottage (206) 254-5280 industries, major market trends, and a book review are also featured. Subscription rate is Marketing Trade Facts $12 per year; sample issues are $1.50 each. A Washington State Department of Back issues since 1985 are also available. Agriculture (WSDA) newsletter offering OAK information for buyers and sellers of food and 1305 Vista Drive agricultural products. Quarterly; available Grants Pass, OR 97527 free. (503) 476-5588 WSDA-Marketing Trade Facts Newsletter Natural Resources Building In Good Tilth 1111 Washington Street SE Published monthly by Oregon Tilth Olympia, WA 98504 primarily addressing issues of concern to (206) 902-1915 certified organic production in Oregon. Mem- bers of Oregon Tilth receive a subscription (see Oregon Insider the Organizations ection of this guide for more A bi-weekly (24 times per year) digest of information), non-members may subscribe for environmental news, the Insider is published $15 per year, $28 for a two-year subscription. by the Oregon Environmental Foundation. The Foundation is a nonprofit corporation working on education and research associated with the Oregon Environmental Council. The 10-page newsletter covers topics related to agriculture, 18 Periodicals forestry, hazardous and solid wastes, land use, Provender Journal water quality, and upcoming events. Annual The Provender Alliance is a trade associa- subscription rates are $245, including first- tion of natural foods businesses throughout class delivery, and $135 for private, nonprofit Oregon, Washington, Montana, northern organizations. California, and Canada. The quarterly news- Oregon Insider letter is available through membership in the Oregon Environmental Foundation Provender Alliance. Single copies are 2637 SW Water Avenue available. Portland, OR 97201 The Provender Alliance (503) 222-2252 349 Marion Lane Eugene, OR 97404 Oregon's Agricultural Progress (503)461-1131 Published by the Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station four times per year. The Sensible Agriculture magazine-style publication is available at no A newsletter on low-input practices for charge. It is a report to taxpayers, who help farmers. Features include practical informa- fund Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station tion and advice on cutting farm input costs. research, and covers a wide range of issues. Charter subscriptions for 12 monthly issues are Editor, Oregon's Agricultural Progress $39. OSU Agricultural Communications Northcutt Communications Administrative Services, A422 P.O. Box 1921 Corvallis, OR 97331-2119 Bothell, WA 98041-1921 (503) 737-3311 Small Farmers Journal Pacific Northwest Sustainable Agriculture: Published four times per year in a news- Farming for Profit and Stewardship print format. An international publication that A quarterly newsletter of the USDA West focuses on the suitability and feasibility of Cascades Sustainable Agriculture Research animal-powered methods and technology for and Education (SARE, formerly known as farm power. A philosophical journal, striving LISA) project in cooperation with Washington to protect diversity and honor poetry in farm- and Oregon State Universities Cooperative ing. The journal discusses why people farm as Extension Services. The 8-page newsletter well as how they farm. Subscription rate: $17 disseminates PNW research findings, commod- per year. ity-specific production information, and Small Farmers Journal, Inc. highlights events, people, and resources of P.O. Box 2805 interest to Northwest growers. Available at no Eugene, OR 97402 charge. (503) 683-6486 PNW Sustainable Agriculture c/o Jack Waud Soundwaves WSU-CE/Clallam County A monthly newsletter published by the 223 East Fourth Street Puget Sound Water Quality Authority. Topics Port Angeles, WA 98362 covered are wetlands, nonpoint source pollu- (206) 452-7831 tion, water quality and agricultural water issues. Puget Sound Water Quality Authority 217 Pine Street, Suite 1100 Seattle, WA 98101 (206) 464-7320 or (800) 54-SOUND A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 19

Sustainable Farming Quarterly NATIONAL PUBUCATIONS An 8-page quarterly newsletter of the 6- state (WA, OR, ID, MT, WY, and UT) Dryland Cereal/Legume LISA Project and the Acres U.S.A. Alternative Energy Resources Organization A newspaper-style publication, published (AERO). The newsletter highlights informa- monthly. One of the first "alternative agricul- tion on dryland farming systems, cereal and ture" monthly publications, the intent is to legume cropping systems, events, and promotes supply information to farmers and ranchers grower networking in the region. Available interested in eco-agriculture. Subscription free. rates are $14 per year, single issue price is AERO $2.25. Sustainable Farming Quarterly Acres U.S.A. 44 North Last Chance Gulch #9 Box 9547 Helena, MT 59601 Kansas City, MO 64133 (406) 443-7272 (818) 737-0064

The Thymes Agrarian Advocate Published monthly by the First Alternative The quarterly publication of the California Cooperative, the newsletter includes articles on Action Network (CAN). CAN is a California health, nutrition, farming, and marketing. statewide, nonprofit, grassroots organization Copies are available for no charge in the store dedicated to promoting and increasing the each month; mail order subscriptions are $10 welfare of family farmers, farmer workers, and per year. other rural dwellers. The newsletter is com- First Alternative Cooperative piled by volunteers. A newspaper-style 1007 SE Third Street publication that includes articles of concern to Corvallis, OR 97333 rural dwellers. Primary focus is on California. (503)753-3115 Subscription is by membership in CAN; individual rates start at $15 per year, business Trade Facts rates are $50 per year. A newsletter designed for buyers and Agrarian Advocate sellers of food and agricultural products. P.O. Box 464 Published quarterly, available free. Davis, CA 95617 Washington State Department of (916) 756-8518 Agriculture 406 General Administration Bldg. Agricultural Research Olympia, WA 98504 Published 10 times per year by the USD A (206) 586-8720 Agricultural Research Service. The magazine addresses issues of general interest in agricul- Water Talk ture as well as specific fanning techniques and This newsletter is published periodically by research being conducted throughout the the U.S. EPA Region 10 Water Division. Its country. The October 1989 issue focused on purpose is to provide news and information sustainable agriculture. Current subscription from various environmental programs that deal rate is $14 per year. with water issues. Superintendent of Documents EPA Region 10 Government Printing Office 1200 Sixth Avenue Washington, D.C. 20402-9325 Seattle, WA 98101 (202) 783-3238 (206) 442-1465 20 Periodicals

Alternative Agriculture News and the Appropriate Technology American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 103-105 Southampton Row Both are published by the Institute for London, WC1B 4HH Alternative Agriculture (IAA). The "News" is United Kingdom a monthly newsletter addressing national LISA-related topics, and the "Journal" is a Association of Natural Bio-Control quarterly magazine-style publication. Both Producers (ANBP) Newsletter publications address issues related to agricul- The ANBP produces a quarterly newsletter tural sustainability, including policy, and the aimed at informing members of legislation, biological, physical, or social science aspects current issues, and quality control of the of alternative agriculture. Membership to the industry. Associate membership is $25; $250 IAA is $16 per year and includes a subscrip- for Distributors; and $500 for Producers of tion to the "News." Contributions are tax- Bio-Control Agents. deductible. "Journal" subscription rates per ANBP Newsletter year are $44 for institutions; $24 for individu- Maclay Burt, Executive Director als; and $12 for students. 10202 Cowan Drive Institute for Alternative Agriculture Santa Ana, CA 92705 9200 Edmonston Road, Suite 117 (714) 544-8295 office and FAX Greenbelt, MD 20770 (301) 441-8777 ATTRAnews The Appropriate Technology Transfer for American Farmland Rural Areas (ATTRA) project newsletter. The magazine-style newsletter of the ATTRA also provides sustainable agriculture American Farmland Trust is published quar- information to farmers via an 800 number. terly. The newsletter addresses issues of The newsletter is designed to highlight the farmland conservation, policy development, organization's activities. Available free. technical assistance, information sources. ATTRA Subscription is by annual membership; dues P.O. Box 3657 are $15 per year, and are tax-deductible. Fayetteville, AR 72702 American Farmland Trust Western Office (800) 346-9140 512 Second Street, 4th Floor San Francisco, CA 94107 Bio-Dynamics Quarterly Magazine (415) 543-2098 Published by the Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association per year. Subscrip- American Journal of Alternative tion is through membership in the Association, Agriculture rate is $20 per year. The magazine focuses on For ordering information see the soil conservation and fertility management, as Alternative Agriculture News listed above. well as nutrition and health. Bio-Dynamic Association Appropriate Technology National Office A quarterly publication of the Intermediate P.O. Box 550 Technology Publications group. The journal Kimberton, PA 19442 concentrates on development issues, offering (215) 935-7797 commentaries and information about simple technologies appropriate throughout the world. Current subscription rate is 14 pounds per year (UK currency), but payment may be made in U.S. dollars, at the current rate of exchange, or by credit card. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 21

Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Common Sense Pest Quarterly Plant Diseases For ordering information see the IPM A relatively new, annual journal which Practitioner listed below. compiles reports of plant disease control experiments involving non-chemical methods. Conservation Impact Reports range from experiments evaluating the A newsletter from the Conservation use of microorganisms for disease control, Technology Information Center (CTIC), a evaluations of plant resistance to disease, national organization. Subscription is through modifications of tillage systems, crop rotations, membership in CTIC; annual rate is $15. and harvest techniques. $15 List price, $10 Information in the 8-page newsletter, published member price. 11 times per year, focuses on soil and water American Phytopathological Society conservation systems to enhance the environ- 3340 Pilot Knob Road mental and economic viability of agriculture. St. Paul, MN 55121 Conservation tillage information is frequently highlighted. Emphasis is primarily on mid- BioOptions west systems but information of value to PNW A newsletter of the Center for Alternative producers is often included. Plant and Animal Products. The Center was CTIC created to aid in the development of new and 1220 Potter Drive, Room 170 alternative crop and livestock enterprises. The West Lafayette, IN 47906-1334 8-page newsletter offers information on current (317) 494-9555 research, upcoming conferences, and resources (8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. EST) for information on alternative crops. Published four times per year, subscription rate is $5 per The Cultivar year. A 16-page sustainable agriculture newslet- Center for Alternative Plant and Animal ter from the Agroecology Program at the Products University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). 305 Alderman Hall The Cultivar is published twice yearly. The 1970 Folwell Avenue newsletter highlights current research, litera- University of Minnesota ture, and policy issues. Current and back St. Paul, MN 55108 issues are available free of charge. See the (612) 625-5747 Organization section in this guide for more information about the Agroecology Program. California Agriculture The Cultivar Published every other month by the Agroecology Program Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of California The magazine covers issues primarily of Santa Cruz, CA 95064 importance to California farmers but also (408) 459-4140 addresses many national issues. For a free subscription contact: Direct Marketing News Division of Agriculture and Natural Contains information particularly suited to Resources California's direct marketers. Topics include University of California reports on the status of farmers' markets, 300 Lakeside Drive, 6th Floor special events, conferences, Tasting of Oakland, CA 94612-3560 Specialty Produce events, publications, slide (510) 987-0044 shows, and the information hotline. Published quarterly, available free. 22 Periodicals

Direct Marketing Program Farm Journal California Department of Food and A business magazine published 14 times Agriculture per year. It is published for families who own 1220 N Street, Room A-287 or operate farms/ranches. Type of farming Sacramento, CA 95814 operation is required on all subscription orders, (800) 952-5272 but is also available to those not actively farming. Current subscription rate is $12 per DIVERSITY years. Single copies are available for $1.50. A quarterly news Journal of the Global Farm Journal, Inc. Plant Genetic Resources Community, Inc. The 203 West Washington Square journal provides a forum for exchanging ideas Philadelphia, PA 19105 and information on plant germplasm resources (800) 331-9310 with colleagues around the world. Subscrip- (M-F 9:00-5:00 EST) tion rates are $35 for individuals, government and nonprofit institutions; $55 for "all others." Federal-State Market News Genetic Resources Community, Inc. Publishes several reports on up-to-date 727 Eighth Street SE high and low prices plus amounts shipped for Washington D.C. 20003 specific commodities in each state. Fresh (202) 543-6843 Fruit & Vegetable National; Shipping Point Trends - issued weekly; Northwest Fruit Earth Ethics Report - issued daily; Northwest Veggie A 16-page quarterly journal provides short Report - issued daily excerpts, book reviews, and current action in U.S. Department of Agriculture environmental ethics. Subscription is by Agricultural Marketing Service contribution; $10, $15 or $20 per year Fruit and Vegetable Division requested. 2015 South First Street, Room 4 Earth Ethics Yakima, WA 98903 Public Resource Foundation (509) 575-2494 1815 H Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, D.C. 20006 The Gene Exchange The National Wildlife Federation produces EPA Journal this newsletter that contains information on Published six times per year by the Envi- developments in genetic engineering, including ronmental Protection Agency. The Journal agricultural applications. Available free. covers topics related to the work of the Agency National Biotechnology Policy Center including agriculture, energy, water quality, The National Wildlife Federation and forestry. Subscription is $8 per year, 1400 - 16th Street NW single issues are available for $2.25. Make Washington D.C. 20036-2266 checks payable to the Superintendent of Documents. Healthy Harvest News EPA Journal (A-107) Published quarterly by the Healthy Harvest Waterside Mall Society, a branch of The National Institute of 401 M Street SW Science, Law, and Public Policy (NISLPP), a . Washington, D.C. 20460 nonprofit organization. The 8-page newsletter highlights information about organic farming, marketing, government policy, and environ- mental and consumer issues. Subscription is through membership in the Healthy Harvest A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 23

Society. Membership dues are $24 per year Journal of Soil and Water Conservation for individuals, $50 per year for organizations An official publication of the Soil and (includes extra copies of the newsletter for Water Conservation Society (SWCS), it is organizational distribution). dedicated to promoting the science and art of Healthy Harvest Society good land and water use. The journal covers a 1424 NW 16th Street, Suite 105 variety of land and water conservation subjects Washington, D.C. 20036 including: soil erosion and sedimentation (202) 462-8800 control; conservation tillage; mined land reclamation; water resources and water quality; Hortldeas farmland protection and rural planning; forest Hortldeas is an excellent monthly 8-page and range management; and, wildlife habitat newsletter published by Gregory and Patricia development. Published 6 times per year. Williams. The newsletter reports on the latest Subscription is by membership in the SWCS or research, methods, tools, plants, books, etc. for by subscription. Membership dues are $44 per vegetable, fruit, and flower gardeners, gathered year; subscription only is $30 per year. from popular and technical sources world- SWCS wide. While the publication is aimed at 7515 NEAnkeny Road "gardeners", there is much of value to commer- Ankeny, IA 50021-9764 cial farmers as well. Single issues are avail- (515) 289-2331 able for $1.50 each; annual subscription rates are $15 second class mail, or $17.50 first class Journal of Sustainable Agriculture mail. The publication is designed for farmers, Hortldeas educators, extension personnel, food and fiber 460 Black Lick Road processors, and research scientists. Published Gravel Switch, KY 40328 four times per year, the journal features articles on innovative practices, new technology, IPM The IPM Practioner and The Common Sense programs, energy use, organic farming, and the Pest Quarterly economic aspects of sustainable agriculture. The IPM Practitioner (IPMP) has focuses Subscription rate is $24 for individuals, $36 on insect pest management throughout the for institutions, $48 for libraries. world. Published 10 times per year by the Bio- Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Integral Resource Center (BIRC), the IPMP Food Products Press features current research, journal highlights, 10 Alice Street products and services, and includes a calendar Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 section. Subscription rate is through member- (800) 342-9678 ship in BIRC; annual rates are $50 (institu- tions, libraries, businesses), $25 (personal or The Land Stewardship Letter personal business check), $18 (registered Published by the Land Stewardship Project student). The Common Sense Pest Quarterly (LSP) of Minnesota, the 20-page quarterly can be obtained through a dual membership. newsletter. The newsletter discusses policy, Annual rates are: $75 (institutions) and $45 social, environmental, and agricultural produc- (individuals). tion issues. Subscription is through member- IPM Practitioner ship in the LSP. For more information see the Bio-Integral Resource Center Organization section of this guide. Suggested P.O. Box 7414 contribution: $20 minimum. Berkeley, CA 94707 (510) 524-2567 24 Periodicals

The Land Stewardship Project Northeast LISA Apple Newsletter 14758 Ostlund Trail North The newsletter covers low input sustain- Marine, MN 55047 able research in universities, at private institu- (612) 433-2770 tions such as the Rodale Research Center, and by orchardists in several Northeastern states. The Leopold Letter Free. A quarterly newsletter of the Leopold Daniel Cooley Center for Sustainable Agriculture. The Department of Plant Pathology newsletter discusses research, extension, and Feraald Hall field studies conducted by the Leopold Center, University of Massachusetts in addition to regional and national sustainable Amherst, MA 01003 agriculture issues. Available free. The Leopold Center Northland Berry News 126 Soil Tilth Building A 20-page quarterly newsletter from Berry Iowa State University Communications. Provides a good review of Ames, IA 50011 small fruit newsletters from around the U.S. (515) 294-3711 Subscriptions are $15 per year. Berry Communications Feed the Soil 19060 Manning Trail North A free newsletter published periodically by Marine on the St. Croix, MN 55407 Moody Hill Farms in New York. The primary (612) 433-5850 focus of the newsletter is composting and alternative soil amendments. Organic Exchange Moody Hills Farms A publication from the Working Land Box 171 Fund in Vershire, Vermont, designed to Amenia,NY 12501 exchange information among organic farmers (518) 789-3252 about new ideas, techniques, equipment, and programs. The newsletter prints letters from National Gardening farmers describing production techniques, and National Gardening Association reprints information from other sources. 180 Flynn Avenue Subscription is $15 for 3 issues per year. Burlington, VT 05401 Organic Exchange Working Land Fund The New Farm P.O. Box 249 Published seven times per year by Rodale Vershire, VT 05079 Press. The New Farm reports on high-value crops and products, low-input strategies and Organic Farmer research, conferences and field days, and A digest of information on sustainable organic and sustainable farming techniques agriculture designed to build dialogue among across the United States. $15 per year, $24 for organic farmers across the country. The a two year subscription. quarterly publication is $10 per year. The New Farm Rural Vermont Box 14 15 Barre Street Emmaus,PA 18099-0014 Montpelier, VT 05602 (215) 967-5171 (802) 223-7222 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 25

Organic Food Matters: The Journal of Organic Marketing News and Information Sustainable Agriculture Service (OMNIS) Organic Food Matters is a newspaper style P.O. Box 1300 quarterly publication. Generally about 30 Colfax, CA 95713 pages long, the paper covers a variety of issues (916) 346-2777 related to organic and sustainable agriculture. Subscription is through membership in The The Packer Committee for Sustainable Agriculture (CSA), A weekly business newspaper for the an organization that promotes sustainable food national and international fresh fruit and production, conducts educational activities, and vegetable industry. Subscriptions are $45 per serves as a medium for networking among year. groups and individuals. CSA also sponsors the The Packer Ecological Farming Conference in California P.O. Box 2939 each year. Membership in CSA is $20 per Shawnee, KS 66210-1855 year. (913) 451-5821 Committee for Sustainable Agriculture P.O. Box 1300 Practical Farmers of Iowa Newsletter Colfax, CA 95713 A 10-page newsletter published quarterly (916) 346-2777 by the Practical Farmers of Iowa (PFI) organi- zation. The newsletter primarily focuses on Organic Wholesale Market Report issues of importance to Iowa farmers, but also From the Organic Market News and highlights events of national importance in Information Service (OMNIS), the publication sustainable agriculture. Subscription is provides organic farmers and distributors and through membership in PFI: $10 per year. up-to-date market picture of current buy and Practical Farmers of Iowa sell prices, and produce supply information RR 2, Box 132 (deficits and surplus reporting). Information Boone, IA 50036 also is included in chart form on how produce (515) 432-1560 is packaged, the number of distributors buying the product, price paid to the grower, price of Small Farm News the product when it's sold to retailers, quantity A bi-monthly, 12-page newsletter reporting sold, percent of supply sold, and whether there on the latest Cooperative Extension research is a shortage or surplus of the commodity. For for small-scale farmers in California. Articles comparison, the report also lists wholesale focus on direct marketing, post-harvest prices for non-organic items that same week at handling, organic farming, farm management the terminal market in Los Angeles. The and financing, and sustainable agriculture. publication also contains a bulletin board/ Each issue includes features articles, a profile classified ad section plus "The OMNIS of a small farm, a farm advisor program Reporter," which discusses current topics in profile, a listing of publications, and a calen- organic farming. The report highlights Califor- dar. No charge, but donations to help defray nia, Oregon, and Maryland produce and costs are accepted; make checks payable to UC markets, but includes produce grown and sold Regents. elsewhere. Published weekly, $73 per year, Small Farm Center $39 (half-year) for individuals; $125 for University of California institutions and non-growers (year), $65 (half- Davis, CA 95616 year). (916) 757-8910 26 Periodicals

Small-Scale Agriculture Today Published quarterly, national focus sent to cooperative extension people. Includes a calendar section. USDA/CSRS/OSSA Office for Small-Scale Agriculture Suite 328-A Aerospace Center Washington, D.C. 20250-2200 (202) 401-1805 office (202) 401-1804 fax

Sustainable Agriculture News Published quarterly by the UC Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education Program (UC-SAREP). The newsletter reports on research projects, sources of funding for sustainable agriculture research, commodity and working group meetings, and technical meetings related to agricultural sustainability. Primarily a California focus, but issues of national concern are also covered. No charge. UC-SAREP University of California Davis, CA 95616 (916) 752-7556

Sustainable Farming Subtitled "The Quarterly Magazine of Resource Efficient Agricultural Production," the 30-page magazine focuses on sustainable agriculture in Canada. Subscription is through membership in REAP-Canada (see the Organization section for more information). $16 U.S. per year, $15 Canadian per year. REAP-CANADA Box 125 Glenaladale House Ste Anne de Bellevue Quebec H9X ICO

"Adapt ideas, don't adopt them. And reserve the right to change your mind tomorrow." Dick Thompson A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 27 GENERAL BOOKS AND HANDBOOKS

1 his section contains a variety of books that focus on broad-based issues and topics related to sustain- able agriculture.

Agricultural Ecology community well-being. Studies cited include: JoyTivy 1990 farm and community change; industrial agriculture and rural community degradation; Analyzes the nature of the relationships and farm structure and rural communities. among crops, livestock and the biophysical $32.50. environment, and the extent to which humans Publisher: have managed and modified crops and the Westview Press environment. The differences between man- 5500 Central Avenue aged and unmanaged systems are examined. Boulder, CO 80301 Ecological characteristics and environmental (303) 444-3541 problems associated with specific farming types or regional situations are discussed. Agriculture and the Environment: A Study $34.95. of Farmers' Practices and Perceptions Publisher: American Farmland Trust 1990 Ha Is ted Press 605 Third Avenue The report contains interviews with New York, NY 10158 farmers in five counties across the U.S. and (212) 850-6418 offers information about resource-conserving farming practices and farmer opinions of Agriculture and Community Change in the proposed federal farm policy. United States: The Congressional Research Available from: Reports American Farmland Trust Publications Louis E. Swanson, Editor 1988 Department 1920 N Street NW The book describes studies of five regions Suite 400 and concludes there are important regional and Washington, D.C. 20036 structural variations affecting farm change and (202) 659-5170 28 General Books and Handbooks

Agroecology: Researching the Ecological Available from: Basis for Sustainable Agriculture Dr. Jim Bushnell Stephen R. Gliessman, Editor 1990 USDA Extension Service 3341 South Building A wide range of research topics are Washington, D.C. 20250-0900 covered such as pest/crop ecology, nutrient (202) 447-4341 office cycling and mobility, intercropping, energy (202) 447-4341 FAX flow, and influence of trees on agroecosystems. Leading researchers and pioneers in the field of Alternative Indian Agriculture: Women and agroecology have contributed chapters to the Youth book. $89. Intertribal Agricultural Council 1990 Publisher: Springer Verlag, Inc. Proceedings of the 4th Annual National 175 Fifth Avenue Intertribal Agricultural Symposium. Free. New York, NY 10010 Available from: (800) 777-4643 Intertribal Agricultural Council 1208 Qaimjumper Agroforestry: Oassification & Management Billings, MT 59105 K. MacDicken and N. Vergara, Editors (406) 259-3525 1990 The Biodynamic Farm This book consists of well-illustrated and Herbert H. Koepf 1989 extensively referenced descriptions of tradi- tional and improved agroforestry practices in The essentials of biodynamic farming are the tropics and in temperate zones. Chapters covered including soil fertility, crop production on diagnosis and design, species selection, and and rotations, and the role of animals within technology delivery to farmers are also systems. Also included are lists of the prepara- included. $55. tions used in composting, herbal companion Publisher: crops, and livestock and crop preparations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Recent data and references are included as well 605 Third Avenue as appendices listing biodynamic associations, New York, NY 10158-0012 schools, and training programs. $26. (800) 879-4539 Publisher: Anthroposophic Press Alternative Agriculture RR 4, Box 94A1 National Research Council 1989 Hudson, NY 12534 (518) 851-2054 The controversial 1989 report by the National Academy of Sciences Board on Choices for the Heartland: Alternative Agriculture reviews the development, current Directions in Biotechnology and Implications use and future prospects of alternative farming for Family Farming, Rural Communities, techniques in the U.S. Federal policies are and the Environment examined and case studies of 11 farms are C. Hassebrook and G. Hegyes 1989 presented. Available while supplies last for $5 (soft cover). The publication includes results of a survey of current or planned bioteclmological research, predictions of likely implications of the resulting technologies, and potential A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 29 research directions that would enhance the cycles; effects of pesticides on crops, natural social, economic, and natural environment of pest enemies, and other non-target organisms; rural communities. $6. agroecosystem diversity; and effects of farming Available from: systems on wild flora and fauna. $50 (includes Center for Rural Affairs surface mail shipping). P.O. Box 405 Available from: WalthiU, NE 68067 Political Ecology Research Group (402) 846-5428 34 Cowley Road Oxford OX4 1HZ Desert on the March England Paul B. Sears 1988 Excellence in Agriculture: Interviews with A book that mixes history, geography, Ten Minnesota Stewardship Farmers ecology, and philosophy as it seeks not only to Ron Kroese, Editor 1988 examine desertification, but the future for humans and their relationship to the land. Interviews with ten Minnesota farmers or $14.95. farm couples whose operations are driven by Publisher: the goals of sustainability are described. $10. Island Press Available from: P.O. Box 7 agAccess Covelo, CA 95482 P.O. Box 2008 (800) 828-1302 Davis, CA 95617 (916) 756-7177 Enduring Seeds: Native American Agriculture & Wild Plant Conservation Family Farming: A New Economic Vision GaryNabhan 1989 Marty Strange 1988

Offers practical information on sustainable Marty Strange critiques the technological agriculture based on Native models and base of modem agriculture, and calls for farm suggests implementation of botanical gardens, practices that are ethical, economical, and seed banks, heritage farms, and biosphere ecologically sound. He also explores the roots reserves. $17.95. of agrarian values and farm policies in the U.S. Publisher: $18.95. North Point Press Publisher: 850 Talbot Avenue University of Nebraska Press Berkeley, CA 94706 901 North 17th Street (510) 527-6260 Lincoln, NE 68588-0520 (402) 472-3581 The Environmental Effects of Conventional and Organic/Biological Farming Systems Farmer First: Farmer Innovation and C. Arden-Qarke 1988 Agricultural Research Arnold Pacey and Lori Thrupp; Robert The two-volume set offers a review of the Chambers, Editor 1989 environmental implications of organic farming. Major areas reviewed include: the effect of soil Dozens of case studies detail the benefits erosion on yields and off-site environmental of fanner participation and on-farm experimen- costs; biological, chemical, and physical effects tation in international development projects. of fertilizers on soil ecology and nutrient $31. 30 General Books and Handbooks

Available from: Available from: agAccess American Farmland Trust P.O. Box 2008 Publications Department Davis, CA 95617 1920 N Street NW, Suite 400 (916) 756-7177 Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 659-5170 Fanner Participation in Sustainable Agriculture Research Farmland, A Community Issue Concern, Inc. A report by Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas (ATTRA) from a Reports the results of a survey focusing on conference attended by over 100 farmers and farmland issues and the status of sustainable scientists from 19 states. $5.75. agriculture. The report also contains a list of Available from: guidelines for community action in support of ATTRA sustainable agriculture. $3. P.O. Box 3657 Available from: Fayetteville, AR 72702 Concern, Inc. (800) 346-9140 1794 Columbia Road NW Washington, D.C. 20009 Farmers and Ranchers Guide to Commercial Bank Credit Farmland for the Future - A Citizens' Guide BenGisin 1988 to Recreating the Food System Land Stewardship Project 1991 Practical guidelines are outlined in this publication to assist with obtaining loans or The guide explains the importance of financing expansion. Information is provided preserving valuable farmland from develop- on collateral and loan approval processes. A ment and discusses various existing and supplementary worksheet package is included possible future tools for doing so including to assist in analysis prior to approaching the community gardens, subscription-based lending institutions. $14.95. agriculture, easements, state ag land preserva- Available from: tion programs, and community farmland trusts. Gisin Company Available from: P.O. Box 1723 The Land Stewardship Project Idaho Falls, ID 83403 14758 Ostlund Trail North (208) 523-2235 Marine, MN 55407 (612) 433-2770 Farming on the Fringe Map American Farmland Trust Fit for a Pig: Low-Cost/Sustainable Strategies of Resourceful Hog Farmers A colorful, detailed map of the United Shawn Gralla 1991 States showing America's farmland and its proximity to urban areas. The map was based A handbook that presents lessons from upon information obtained from the 1980 successful producers on low-cost, low-invest- Population Census, and the 1974, 1978, and ment, sustainable strategies for raising hogs. 1982 Agricultural Censuses. $2. $7 (includes postage and handling). A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 31

Available from: ment. Mechanisms to overcome some of the The Center for Rural Affairs problems are suggested. $5. Beginning Farmer Support Network Available from: P.O. Box 736 Wisconsin Rural Development Hartington, NE 68739 Program (402) 254-6893 P.O. Box 504 Black Earth, WI 53515 From the Land (608) 767-2539 Nancy P. Pittman, Editor 1988 Holistic Resource Management An anthology from thirteen years of "The Allan Savory 1988 Land" containing conservation writings from the 1940,s and 1950's. Fiction, non-fiction, Scientific and management principles for poetry, and philosophy relate the story of how developing a comprehensive planning model the U.S. has changed from a nation of small are discussed. Information provided is appli- farms to the types of agribusiness found today. cable to a wide range of ecosystems. $24.95 Contributing authors include Aldo Leopold, E.B. White, Louis Bromfield, Paul Sears, Alan The Holistic Resource Management Patton, and Wallace Stegner. $19.95. Workbook Published by: SamBingham 1989 Island Press P.O. Box 7 A companion to Holistic Resource Covelo, CA 95482 Management book, the workbook provides (800) 828-1302 practical instruction for making financial, biological, and land-use plans necessary to Great Possessions: An Amish Farmer's apply the holistic management model. Case Journal studies lead the reader through the process. David Kline 1990 $24.95. Both published by: Includes essays regarding the relationship Island Press of nature and the Amish community. $16.95. P.O. Box 7 Published by: Covelo, CA 95482 Renaissance House Publishers (800) 828-1302 P.O. Box 177A Frederick, CO 80530 International Green Front Report (800) 521-9221 Michael Pilarski 1988

Guidelines for Developing University An international sourcebook on sustainable Sustainable Agriculture Programs: agriculture and world reforestation. Contains Suggestions for Research, Extension, and information on projects, events, organizations, Instruction periodicals, and books. $7. Tom Lamm 1989 Available from: Friends of the Trees Society Suggests criteria for evaluating and P.O. Box 1064 planning sustainable agriculture programs and Tonasket, WA 98855 discusses some of the historical and institu- (509) 486-4726 tional impediments to such program develop- 32 General Books and Handbooks

Keeping the Family Business Healthy: How Publisher: to Plan for Continuing Growth, Profitability, Johns Hopkins University Press and Family Leadership 701 West 40th Street John L. Ward 1988 Suite 275 Baltimore, MD 21211 Helps to design a business plan which (301) 338-6900 ensures the family's role in the company's future. Methods illustrate how to determine the Managing for Profit in Commercial firm's financial and market situation. Tables Agriculture and figures are included which display useful Roy C. Ferguson 1990 information for family farm businesses. $25.95. The "Ferguson System of Financial Publisher: Analysis" in commercial agriculture is Jossey-Bass Inc. described in detail. This broadly-based system 350 Sansome Street advocates using all available financial and San Francisco, CA 94104 management practices to manage profitability (415) 433-1740 on the farm. $53.50. Publisher: Losing Ground: Agricultural Policy and the Prentice Hall Decline of the American Farm Route 9W HughUlrich 1989 Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 (800) 922-0579 Describes the market forces initiated by America's agricultural policy decisions. Cause Natural Vegetation of Oregon and and effect of farm demographic transitions in Washington the context of historical change are also Jerry F. Franklin and C.T. Dyraess 1988 presented. And, the author outlines his view of goals for future U.S. farm policies. $18.95. A reprint edition including a bibliographic Publisher: supplement identifying research advances since Chicago Review Press, Inc. 1973. Vegetation zones and their environmen- 814 North Franklin Street tal relations in the Pacific Northwest are Chicago, IL 60610 described and examined in detail, including (312) 337-0747 information on composition and succession. The volume also contains information on Louis Bromfield at Malabar: Writings on unusual habitats, physiography, geology, and Farming and Country Life soils. Appendices define soil types, list scien- Charles Little, Editor 1988 tific and common names of plants. $22.95. Publisher: Excerpts from Louis Bromfield's writings Oregon State University Press about his experimental farm in Ohio are Waldo Hall 101 presented. Bromfield, a 1928 Pulitzer Prize Corvallis, OR 97331-6407 fiction winner, offers insights into soil conser- (503) 737-3166 vation, wildlife ecology, chemical pesticide usage, and rural heritage. $18.95. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 33

Northwind Farm's Herb Resource Organic Agriculture: What the States are Directory, 1992-93 Edition Doing Paula Oliver 1992 Offers information on activities promoting sustainable agriculture throughout the U.S. The 1992-1993 edition contains descrip- $3. tions of herb-related businesses, with indexes Available from: listed both alphabetically and geographically. Organic Report Information in listings includes: business Center for Science in the Public name, contact person's name, address, phone Interest number; types of plant materials and seeds 1501 16th Street NW available; catalogs listing tools and plant Washington, D.C. 20036 protection devices; and the specialty of the business. The Directory sells for $12.95 in the Organic, Biodynamic, and Conventional U.S.; add $1 for Canadian delivery, and $3 for Cropping Systems: A Long Term postage to other countries. Comparison Available from: B.D. Pettersson and E.V. Wistinghausen Northwind Farm Publications RR 2, Box 246 Contains research results of a two-decade Shevlin, MN 56676 study in Sweden comparing conventional, organic, and biodynamic production systems The New Organic Grower which incorporated crop rotations and fertilizer Eliot Coleman 1989 variables. Includes discussion of techniques and use of biological testing methods such as A good basic manual for both the begin- shelf-life, enzyme activity, and respiration ning market gardener and the home gardener. quotients to examine quality differences among Contains practical advice and information on the different production systems. Differences such subjects as rotations, planning, use of soil in crop nutrient content, storage quality, and blocks for transplanting, garden tools, row energy yields of the different systems are covers and season extenders, and transplanting reported. $10.50 information. While it is designed primarily for Available from: gardeners, much information applicable to Woods End Research Laboratory commercial-scale farming is included. $19.95. Old Rome Road, Box 1850 Publisher: Mt. Vemon, ME 04532 Chelsea Green Publishers (207) 293-2457 P.O. Box 130, Route 113 Post Mills, VT 05058-0130 Our Sustainable Table (802) 333-9073 Robert Clark, Editor 1990

Frances Moore Lappe, Alice Waters, Wendall Berry and many others re-examine farmers, restaurants, and consumers as they persuade us to take notice of the role of agriculture in the food we eat through a collection of essays. $10.95. 34 General Books and Handbooks

Publisher: frequency, timing, rejuvenation, and bloom North Point Press improvement are discussed. $9.95. 850 Talbot Avenue Publisher: Berkeley, CA 94706 Simon & Schuster, Inc. (510) 527-6260 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Permaculture, A Practical Guide for a (800) 223-2348 Sustainable Future BillMollison 1990 Recouple: Natural Resource Strategies for Rural Economic Development First published in 1988, this new printing Midwest Research Institute 1990 of Mollison's book includes a forward by naturalist Gary Nabhan and an appendix listing Use of forest, agricultural, tourism, and permaculture groups worldwide. Aspects of wildlife-based recreation resources in rural design, site considerations, water management, economic development are discussed. Also climate, plant-animal forage assemblies, urban contains sections with bibliographies on planning, report-writing for clients, and technical assistance material useful in develop- financial and legal strategies for community ing these strategies. $25. groups are included. $34.95. Available from: Publisher: Midwest Research Institute Island Press 425 Volker Blvd. P.O. Box 7 Kansas City, MO 64110 Covelo, CA 95482 (816) 753-7600 (800) 828-1302 Reshaping the Bottom Line: On Farm Plowing the Urban Fringe: An Assessment Strategies for a Sustainable Agriculture of Alternative Approaches to Farmland David Granatstein 1988 Preservation Hal Hiemstra and Nancy Bush 1989 A collection of ideas from working farms in the upper-midwest on economic and environ- Eight examples of farmland preservation mental sustainability. Chapters cover topics programs from state and counties across the such as soil fertility and manure, weeds, country are described. Also includes informa- insects, pasture management, and alternative tion about issues and techniques for working crops. $9. with farmland preservation projects. $15. Available from: Available from: The Land Stewardship Project agaccess 512 West Elm Street P.O. Box 2008 Stillwater, MN 55082 Davis, CA 95617 (612) 443-2770 (916) 756-7177 Saving America's Countryside Pruning Samuel Stokes and Elizabeth Watson Christopher Brickell 1979 1989

Includes general pruning information for Offers a comprehensive guide for protec- such species as roses, shrubs, eucalyptus, tion of natural, historic, scenic, and agricul- climbing plants, indoor vines, fruit and berry tural resources of rural communities. Case vines, and ornamental trees. Pruning studies of successful conservation efforts are A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 35

presented. Also included are guidelines to help Small Farm Bookkeeping System organize conservation efforts, pass legislation, Small Farmers Journal set up land trusts, influence public attitudes, and to use federal programs. $16.95 A valuable tool for beginning and experi- Publisher: enced small-scale farmers on comprehensive Johns Hopkins University Press record-keeping. $8.95. 701 West 40th Street Available from: Suite 275 Small Farmers Journal Baltimore, MD 21211 P.O. Box 2805 (301) 338-6900 Eugene, OR 97402 (503) 683-6486 Saving the Farm: A Handbook for Conserving Agricultural Land Small Farm Energy Primer American Farmland Trust 1990 Small Farm Energy Project 1980

Procedures for implementing land conser- A collection of reports on energy alterna- vation programs by networking with local tives and conservation techniques to help lower government agencies are described. Private the high costs of energy inputs on small farms. options are also included. A good reference for Some of the projects described include the local governments, land-owners, and private Kaiser wind electric system, solar vertical wall organizations to help locate resource informa- collectors, and the Fish solar greenhouse. tion and organizations. The 150-page docu- Available from: ment comes in a 3-ring binder and sells for Small Farm Energy Project $25. Center for Rural Affairs Available from: P.O. Box 736 agAccess Hartington, NE 68739 P.O. Box 2008 (402) 254-6893 Davis, CA 95617 (916) 756-7177 Sustainable Agriculture for California: A Guide to Information Secrets of the Soil Steve Mitchell and David Bainbridge Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird 1991 1989 The guide lists diverse sources of informa- The book details what some farmers and tion to help farmers, extension agents, re- researchers have been doing over the last fifty searchers, librarians, poly makers and others years to enhance the soil. The practices and locate sources of information on sustainable beliefs of Rudolf Steiner, Louis Kervran, agriculture. A particular emphasis of the guide Patrick Flanagan, Albert Schatz, and others are is technical references and reports of scientific included. $24.95. studies. $12. Publisher: Available from: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc. Publications 10 East 53rd Street University of California New York, NY 10022 Agriculture and Natural Resources (800) 242-7737 6701 San Pablo Avenue Oakland, CA 94608-1239 (510) 642-2431 36 General Books and Handbooks

Sustainable Agricultural Systems economics of sustainable low-input farming C. Edwards, R. Lai, P. Madden, R. Miller, systems, and policy issues are discussed. and G. House, Editors 1990 $69.95. Publisher: Many aspects of sustainable agriculture John Wiley & Sons, Inc. are covered including: history and social 605 Third Avenue issues; components of sustainable systems; New York, NY 10158-0012 integration in sustainable farming systems; (212) 850-6000 sustainable agricultural systems in the tropics; policy development for low-input sustainable Sustainable Development and Sustainable agricultural programs; and ecological impacts Agriculture - With Emphasis on Economics of sustainable agriculture. $40. Elliot Rosenberg and M. Eisgruber 1992 Available from: Soil and Water Conservation Society A partially annotated bibliography on 7515 NEAnkeny Road sustainable development and sustainable Ankeny, IA 50021-9764 agriculture. The primary emphasis of the (515) 289-2331 bibliography is economics and contains nearly 800 references. Subject, country, and author Sustainable Agriculture in the Northern indices facilitate location of references of Rockies and Plains interest. Printed copies of the bibliography are Nancy Matheson, Editor 1989 $5 each; $6 for an address outside the United States. Diskette copies are $3 for address Compiled by Alternative Energy Resources within the United States; $4 for an address Organization (AERO), this guide contains brief outside the United States. Checks or money summaries of farms in the Northern Rockies orders must be in U.S. dollars and made and Plains. Addresses and phone numbers of payable to Oregon State University. farmers and ranchers from seven states and Available from: two Canadian provinces are included as Economic Information Office networking sources. Other chapters discuss Department of Agricultural & farm management goals and practices being Resource Economics most widely and successfully used to meet the Ballard Extension Hall 213 challenges of farming in these dryland areas. Oregon State University $7. Corvallis, OR 97331 Available from: (503)737-1443 office AERO (503)737-2563 FAX 44 North Last Chance Gulch, #9 Internet: Helena, Montana 59601 [email protected] (406) 443-7272 Switching to a Sustainable System: Sustainable Agriculture in Temperate Zones Strategies for Converting from C.A. Francis, C.B. Flora, and L.D. King, Conventional/Chemical to Sustainable/ Editors 1990 Organic Farming Systems Frederick Kirschenmann 1988 Presents agricultural technology alterna- tives and options for sustainable farming in Kirschenmann gives farmers the perspec- temperate zones. Subjects such as integrated tive and background information to assist them pest management, hybrid breeding, weed in switching to a "sustainable" system. management, soil fertility practices, the Although the focus is on the Northern Plains, A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 37 topics such as advantages, common misconcep- Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture tions, the conversion process, and model crop J.R. Smith 1987 rotations can be applied to many situations. $5. This classic work on tree crops first Available from: published in 1929 still offers challenges as it agAccess discusses such subjects as erosion control, P.O. Box 2008 increasing food supplies, and diversifying Davis, CA 95617 ecosystems. $19.95. (916) 756-7177 Publisher: Island Press Toward a Sustainable Agriculture: A P.O. Box 7 Teacher's Guide Covelo, CA 95482 Wisconsin Rural Development Center 1991 (800) 828-1302

A high school sustainable agriculture Tree Maintenance curriculum prepared by the Sustainable P.P. Pirone 1978 Agriculture Curriculum Project. The guide has three major sections: a teacher's reference Planting, transplanting, pruning and wound guide, an instructional unit, and a collection of treatment, and storm damage repair are learning activities. $10. discussed. Special chapters deal with abnor- Available from: malities and their treatment, and assess the Center for Integrated Agricultural suitability of different trees to various locations Systems across the country. A chapter on disease and University of Wisconsin pests is also included. $49.95. 240 Ag Hall Available from: Madison, WI 53572 Oxford University Press 200 Madison Avenue The Transition Document: Toward and New York, NY 10016 Environmentally Sound Agriculture (212) 679-7300 Harry MacCormack and Alan Kapuler 1989 What Farmers Need to Know About Environmental Law A discussion of the transition from conven- Drake University 1991 tional farming practices to organic production is included in this handbook. Information A 190-page book that outlines what about pest management, farming practices, farmers need to know about environmental pesticide residues, and soil amendments are laws and how they may affect farming included. $10 plus $2.50 shipping and practices. $20. handling. Available from: Available from: Drake University Oregon Tilth Research & Education Agricultural Law Center Office Environmental Law Book 31615 Fern Road 2507 University Avenue Philomath, OR 97370 Des Moines, IA 50311-4505 (503) 929-6742 38 General Books and Handbooks

NOTES

"Don't be afraid to make mistakes. To make it in farming all it takes is good judgement, but good judgement comes from experience, and experience comes from poor judgement." A Montana farmer A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 39 UNIVERSITY RESOURCES Libraries Oregon State University Washington State University Pacific Northwest Publications University of California Publications

Universities provide a variety of information on numerous topics related to sustainable agriculture. The following sections list resources in Oregon and Washington including libraries, Extension and Experiment station locations, and information about ordering publications. Because parts of California have similar growing conditions, information about ordering University of California publications is also included.

LIBRARIES Kerr Library The majority of the publications listed in Oregon State University this guide can be found in libraries. If your Corvallis, OR 97331 local library or the university libraries do not (503) 737-3331 own the publication you want to borrow, it can Operating hours at the library vary with usually be obtained through the Interlibrary the school terms. Check with a librarian to Loan Service. obtain more information or call the phone number listed above to obtain recorded infor- Holland Public Library mation about operating hours. Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-5610 Sustainable and Organic Farming Lending (509) 335-2691 Library WSU has several libraries, including the Sandpoint Research & Extension Center Fisher Agriculture Sciences Branch Library. 2105 North Boyer The telephone number for the agriculture Sandpoint, ID 83864 sciences library is (509) 335-2266. Operating (208) 263-2323 hours at the library vary with the school terms, The University of Idaho Sandpoint check with a librarian to obtain more Research and Extension Center has books and information. videotapes pertaining to sustainable and organic farming available for check-out to University of Idaho employees and Idaho residents. The purpose of the library is to disseminate information on environmentally sound farming practices. 40 University Resources

Oregon State University Clatsop County Extension 2050 Marine Drive OSU Extension Service P.O. Box 208 Astoria, OR 97103 The OSU Extension Service is the off- (503) 325-8573 campus educational arm of OSU in Corvallis. Hours: 8:00 - Noon The Extension Service is jointly funded by 1:00-5:00 local, state, and federal monies. Through the county extension staff, access to the resources Columbia County Extension of the University can be obtained. Extension Courthouse offers educational programs through county St. Helens, OR 97051 agents, volunteers, and publications. Agricul- (503) 397-3462 Office ture, home economics, 4-H, home gardening, (503) 397-2760 FAX forestry, energy, and marine programs are Hours: 8:00-5:30 offered by Extension. Oregon has 36 Exten- sion offices throughout the state, one in each Coos County Extension county. The main office is located at the Coos County Cbquille Annex Oregon State University main campus in 290 North Central Corvallis. For more information about Exten- Coquille, OR 97423 sion services, contact the office in your area. (503) 396-3121 Ext. 246 Hours: 8:00-Noon O.E. Smith, Director 1:00-5:00 Extension Service Ballard Extension Hall, Room 101 Crook County Extension Oregon State University Courthouse Corvallis, OR 97331 Prineville, OR 97754 (503) 737-2713 (503) 447-6228 Oreeon County Extension Office Locations Hours: 8:00-5:00

Baker County Extension Curry County Extension 2610 Grove Street Courthouse Baker, OR 97814 P.O. Box 488 (503) 523-6418 Ext. 230 Gold Beach, OR 97444 Hours: 8:00-Noon (503) 247-6672 Office 1:00-5:00 (503) 247-2312 FAX Hours: 8:30-Noon Benton County Extension 1:00-5:00 1849 NW 9th Street, Suite 8 Corvallis, OR 97330 Deschutes County Extension (503) 757-6750 1421 South Highway 97 Hours: 8:00-5:00 P.O. Box 756 Redmond, OR 97756 Clackamas County Extension (503) 548-6088 200 Warner-Milne Road Hours: 8:00-Noon Oregon City, OR 97045 1:00-5:00 (503) 655-8631 Hours: 8:00 - Noon 1:00-4:30 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 41

Douglas County Extension Jefferson County Extension 1134 SE Douglas Avenue Madras Office P.O. Box 1165 34 SE "D" Street Roseburg, OR 97470 Madras, OR 97741 (503) 672-4461 (503) 475-3808 Office Hours: 8:00-5:00 (503)475-6063 FAX Hours: 8:00 - Noon Gilliam County Extension 1:00-5:00 Courthouse P.O. Box 707 Warm Springs Indian Reservation Office Condon, OR 97823 1134 Paiute Street (503) 384-2271 P.O. Box 430 Hours: 8:00 - Noon Warm Springs, OR 97761 1:00-4:30 (503) 553-3238 Office (503)553-1924 FAX Grant County Extension Hours: 8:00 - Noon Courthouse 1:00-5:00 P.O. Box 69 Canyon City, OR 97820 Josephine County Extension (503) 575-1911 215 Ringuette Street Hours: 8:00-Noon Grants Pass, OR 97527 1:00-5:00 (503) 476-6613 Hours: 10:00-4:00 Hamey County Extension Courthouse Klamath County Extension 450 North Buena Vista 3328 Vandenberg Road Bums, OR 97720 Klamath Falls, OR 97603 (503) 573-2506 (503) 883-7131 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00-5:00 1:00-5:00 Lake County Extension Hood River County Extension Courthouse 2990 Experiment Station Drive Lakeview, OR 97630 Hood River, OR 97031 (503) 947-6054 (503) 386-3343 • Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00 - Noon 1:00-5:00 1:00-5:00 Lane County Extension Jackson County Extension 950 West 13th Avenue 1301 Maple Grove Drive Eugene, OR 97402 Medford, OR 97501 (503) 687-4243 (503) 776-7371 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00-5:00 1:00-5:00 42 University Resources

Lincoln County Extension Polk County Extension 29 SE Second Street 182 SW Academy, Suite 202 Newport, OR 97365 P.O. Box 640 (503) 265-6611 Ext. 207 Dallas, OR 97338 Hours: 8:00-5:00 (503) 623-8395 Hours: 8:00 - Noon Linn County Extension 1:00-5:00 Fourth and Lyons P.O Box 765 Sherman County Extension Albany, OR 97321 Courthouse (503) 967-3871 P.O. Box 385 Hours: 8:00-Noon Moro, OR 97039 1:00-5:00 (503) 565-3230 Hours: 8:00-12:00 Malheur County Extension 12:30- 4:30 710 SW Fifth Avenue Ontario, OR 97914 TiUamook County Extension (503) 881-1417 Office 2204 Fourth Street (800) 872-8980 Office Tillamook, OR 97141 (503) 687-3614 FAX (503) 842-3433 Hours: 8:00 - Noon Hours: 8:00-Noon 1:00-5:00 1:00-5:00

Marion County Extension Umatilla County Extension 3180 Center Street NE, Room 160 721 SE Third Street, Suite 3 Salem, OR 97301 Pendleton, OR 97801 (503) 588-5301 (503) 276-7111, Extension 235 Hours: 8:00-5:00 Hours: 8:00-Noon 1:00-5:00 Morrow County Extension Pettyjohn Building Union County Extension 430 Heppner-Lexington Highway Route 1, Box 1705 P.O. Box 397 10507 North McAlister Road Heppner, OR 97836 La Grande, OR 97850 (503) 676-9642 (503) 963-1010 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00-5:00 1:00-5:00 Wallowa County Extension Multnomah County Extension Courthouse 211 SE 80th P.O. Box 280 Portland, OR 97215-1523 Enterprise, OR 97828 (503) 254-1500 Office (503) 426-3143 (503) 257-1047 FAX Hours: 8:00 - Noon Hours: 8:00-Noon 1:00-5:00 1:00-5:00 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 43

Wasco County Extension Station locations are listed below; they are 207 Courthouse Annex A open to the public during regular business 400 East Fifth hours. Call or visit the Station nearest you, or The Dalles, OR 97058 contact the Director's office for more (503) 296-5494 information. Hours: 8:00 - Noon 1:00-5:00 Thayne Dutson, Director Agricultural Experiment Station Washington County Extension Strand Agriculture Hall Courthouse Oregon State University 2448 SE Tualatin Valley Highway Corvallis, OR 97331 Hillsboro, OR 97124 (503)737-4251 Office (503) 681-7009 (503)737-3178 FAX Hours: 8:00-4:00 Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Wheeler County Extension Locations Courthouse P.O. Box 407 Central Oregon Agricultural Experiment Fossil, OR 97830 Station (503) 763-4115 850 NW Dogwood Lane Hours: 8:00 - Noon Madras, OR 97741 1:00-5:00 (503) 475-7107 Yamhill County Extension Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Courthouse Center 2050 Lafayette Street Highway ll/Crawford Hollow Road McMinnville, OR 97128 P.O. Box 370 (503) 434-7517 Pendleton, OR 97801 Hours: 8:00-5:00 (503) 278-4186

Oregon Agricultural Experiment Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Station (AES) Center The Experiment Station has been Oregon's Star Route 1, 4.51 Highway 205 research center for agriculture since 1888. The Bums, OR 97720 Station, in partnership with teaching, Exten- (503) 573-2064 sion, and international divisions, is part of the College of Agricultural Sciences. From Hermiston Agricultural Research & campus headquarters in Corvallis, the Station Extension Center directs nine branch stations across the state, Hinkel Road each dedicated to the agricultural needs of its P.O. Box 105 own community. Information about research Hermiston, OR 97838 conducted by the AES is disseminated through (503) 567-6337 teaching, the Extension Service, meetings, the news media, and publications. Money for Klamath Agricultural Experiment Station research comes from several sources including 6941 Washbum Way the State of Oregon's general fund, private Klamath Falls, OR 97603 foundations, industry, grants, the federal (503) 883-4590 government, product sales, and service fees. 44 University Resources

Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station Ordering information: OSU Extension 595 Onion Avenue Service publications are available for no Route 1, Box 620 charge or for sale. Prices are computed based Ontario, OR 97914 on the production cost, and may change as (503) 889-2174 publications are revised and reprinted. The Educational Materials catalog will list new, Mid-Columbia Research & Extension revised, and reprinted publications as they Center become available. Check with your county 3005 Experiment Station Drive Extension office to obtain a copy, or contact Hood River, OR 97031 the Agricultural Communications office. (503) 386-2030 Mail and phone orders: Publications Orders North Willamette Research & Extension Agricultural Communications Center Oregon State University 15210 Northeast Miley Road Administrative Services A422 Aurora, OR 97002 Corvallis, OR 97331-2119 (503) 678-1264 (503) 737-2513 Office (503) 737- FAX Southern Oregon Agricultural Experiment Office hours: Monday to Friday, Station 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon, and 569 Hanley Road 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Medford, OR 97502 (503) 772-5165 Washington State OSU Agricultural Communication University Publications On July 13,1992 the Industrial Building WSU Extension Service on the OSU campus burned, including the Larry James, Director mailing services and printing offices. The Cooperative Extension Service building also served as a storage area and 411-BHulbertHall distribution point for all OSU Agricultural Washington State University Communication publications. Many publica- Pullman, WA 99164 tions are in the process of being reprinted, but (509)335-2933 Office many others will need to be revised. Many of (509) 335-2959 FAX the older publications will not be reprinted. We chose to leave the listings of OSU publica- Washington County Extension Office tions in this guide because there is valuable Locations information in them, but they may be some- what difficult to locate. Check with your local Adams County Extension county Extension office or the OSU Kerr Courthouse Library to try and borrow or copy the publica- 210 West Broadway tion you are interested in. New publications Ritzville, WA 99169 should be available in the near future. The (509) 659-0090 Agricultural Communications office may be Hours: 8:30-Noon able to help you locate copies of publications 1:00-4:30 should you have difficulty locating them. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 45

Asotin County Extension Cowlitz County Extension Courthouse Annex 207 Fourth Avenue North Box 9 Kelso, WA 98626 Asotin, WA 99402 (206) 577-3014 (509)243-4118 Hours: 8:30-5:00 Hours: 9:00-Noon 1:00 - 5:00 Douglas County Extension Courthouse Benton County Extension Box 550 1121 Dudley Avenue Waterville, WA 98858 Prosser, WA 99350 (509) 745-8531 (509) 786-5609 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00 - Noon 1:00-5:00 1:00 - 4:00 Ferry County Extension Chelan County Extension Courthouse 400 Washington Street Box 345 Wenatchee, WA 98801 Republic, WA 99166 (509) 664-5540 (509) 775-3161 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:00-5:00 1:00 - 5:00 Franklin County Extension Clallam County Extension Courthouse Courthouse Pasco, WA 99301 223 East Fourth Street (509)545-3511 Port Angeles, WA 98362 Hours: 8:30-5:00 (206)452-7831 Office (206) 452-0470 FAX Garfield County Extension Hours: 8:30 - Noon Courthouse 1:00-5:00 Pomeroy, WA 99347 (509) 843-3701 Clark County Extension Hours: 8:30 - Noon 11104 NE 149th Street 1:00 - 5:00 Bldg. C, Suite 100 Brush Prairie, WA 98606 Grant County Extension (206)254-8436 Office Courthouse (206)260-6161 FAX Box 37 Hours: 8:00-5:00 Ephrata, WA 98823 (509) 754-2011 Columbia County Extension Hours: 8:00-5:00 Federal Building 202 South Second Street Grays Harbor County Extension Dayton, WA 99328 Courthouse (509) 382-4741 Box 552 Hours: 9:00 - Noon Montesano, WA 98563 1:00-5:00 (206) 249-4332 Hours: 8:00-4:30 46 University Resources

Island County Extension Lewis County Extension Courthouse Courthouse Annex Coupeville, WA 98239 Box 708 (206) 679-7327 Chehalis, WA 98532-0708 Hours: 8:00-Noon (206) 748-9121 Ext. 212 1:00-4:30 Hours: 8:00-5:00

Jefferson County Extension Lincoln County Extension Federal Building 303 Sixth Box 572 Box 399 Port Townsend, WA 98368 Davenport, WA 99122 (206) 385-3581 (509) 725-4171 Hours: 8:30 - Noon Hours: 9:00-Noon 1:00-4:30 1:00-5:00

King County Extension Mason County Extension 612 Smith Tower 9 Federal Building 506 Second Avenue Shelton, WA 98584 Seattle, WA 98104 (206) 427-9670 (206) 296-3900 Hours: 8:00-Noon Hours: 8:30-4:30 1:00-5:00

Kitsap County Extension Okanogan County Extension Courthouse Annex, MS-16 Courthouse Box 146 Okanogan, WA 98840 Port Orchard, WA 98366 (509) 422-3670 (206) 876-7157 Hours: 8:30-Noon Hours: 8:00-4:30 1:00-5:00

Kittitas County Extension Pacific County Extension Courthouse Courthouse 5th and Main Box 88 Ellensburg, WA 98926 South Bend, WA 98586 (509) 962-6811 (206) 875-9331 Hours: 9:00-5:00 Hours: 9:00 - Noon 1:00-5:00 Klickitat County Extension Courthouse Annex Pend Oreille County Extension Room 210 Federal Building 228 West Main Box 5000 Goldendale, WA 98620 Newport, WA 99156-5045 (509) 773-5817 (509) 447-3325 Hours: Monday 1:00 - 5:00 Hours: 8:00 - Noon Tuesday - Friday 9:00 Noon, 1:00-4:30 1:00-5:00 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 47

Pierce County Extension Thurston County Extension 2401 South 35th County Plaza Building, Suite 216 Tacoma, WA 98409 921 Lakeridge Drive SW (206) 591-7180, or Olympia, WA 98502 (800) 992-2435 (206) 786-5445 Hours: 8:30-4:30 Hours: 10:00-5:00

San Juan County Extension Wahkjaknm County Extension Box 609 Courthouse Friday Harbor, WA 98250 Box 278 (206) 378-4414 Cathlamet, WA 98612 Hours: 8:30-4:30 (206) 795-3278 Hours: 8:00-Noon Skagit County Extension 1:00-4:00 220 East College Way, Suite 180 Mt. Vemon, WA 98273 Walla Walla County Extension (206) 428-4270 314 West Main Street Hours: 8:30-4:30 Walla Walla, WA 99362 (509) 527-3260 Skamania County Extension Hours: 9:00-Noon Courthouse 1:00-5:00 Box 790 Stevenson, WA 98648 Whatcom County Extension (509) 427-5141 Courthouse Annex Hours: 8:30-5:00 1000 North Forest Street BeUingham, WA 98225 Snohomish County Extension (206) 676-6736 600 - 128th Street SE Hours: 10:00-11:30 Everett, WA 98208 12:30- 3:00 (206) 338-2400 Hours: 8:30-4:30 Whitman County Extension Public Service Building Spokane County Extension 310 North Main North 222 Havana ColFAX,WA 99111 Spokane, WA 99202 (509) 397-3401 (509) 456-3651 Hours: 8:00-5:00 Hours: 8:00 - Noon 1:00-4:30 Yakima County Extension 233 Courthouse Stevens County Extension Yakima, WA 98901 230 Williams Lake Road (509) 575-4218 Colville, WA 99114-9638 Hours: 8:30-5:00 (509) 684-2588 Hours: 8:00-4:30 48 University Resources

Washington Agricultural WSU Puyallup Research & Extension Research & Extension Unit and Center 7612 Pioneer Way Center Locations Puyallup, WA 98371-4998 (206)840-4500 Office Agricultural Research Center (206) 840-4669 FAX James J. Zuiches, Director 411-BHulbertHall WSU Publications Washington State University Many WSU publications that are available Pullman, WA 99164 are not listed in this Resource Guide. For a (509)335-4563 Office complete listing of publications request the (509) 335-2959 FAX current Educational Materials Bulletin, WSU Publication No. C 0506, from your local WSU Long Beach Research & Extension county Extension Office or from the Bulletin Unit Office at WSU. The Educational Material Route 1, Box 570 Bulletin is available free. Long Beach, WA 98631 Extension publications are written in a (206) 642-2031 popular style, and contain largely how-to information. They are coded EB, EC, EM, WSU Prosser Irrigated Agricultural FG, MCP, PNW, and WREP. They are all Research & Extension Center available for sale or at no charge. P.O. Box 30 ARC publications materials report Prosser, WA 99350 research and are intended for people who want (509) 786-2226 Office technical information. The publications are (509) 786-3454 FAX coded XB, XC, and XT. These are free, with a few exceptions which are noted when listed. WSU Mount Vemon Research & Extension Ordering information: WSU publica- Unit tions are available at no charge, or for sale. 1468 Memorial Highway Prices are computed based on the production Mount Vemon, WA 98273-9788 cost and may change as publications are (206)424-6121 Office revised and reprinted. (206)428-1331 FAX County Extension offices of the WSU Extension Service stock a variety of currently WSU Vancouver Research & Extension Unit available publications; if not available at the 1919 NE 78th Street office, the county staff can order a copy for Vancouver, WA 98665 you. All 39 WSU county Extension Office (206)696-6763 Office locations and phone numbers are listed above. (206)690-4611 FAX Pullman: If you are in Pullman, materials may be purchased from the WSU campus WSU Wenatchee Tree Fruit Research & Bulletin Office (see address below). Extension Center Agricultural Research Center 1100 North Western Avenue publications: Washington residents may Wenatchee, WA 98801 request one free copy of up to 10 different titles (509)663-8181 Office per month. Residents of other states may (509) 662-8714 FAX request one free copy of up to 5 different titles per month. A few of the ARC publications are available for a fee. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 49

Mail and phone orders: Publications Mail and phone orders: Publications may also be ordered by mail or telephone from: may also be ordered by mail or telephone from: Bulletin Office ANR Publications Cooperative Extension University of California Cooper Publications Building 6701 San Pablo Avenue Washington State University Oakland, CA 94608-1239 Pullman, WA 99164-5912 (510) 642-2431 Office Telephone orders and price quotes: (510) 643-5470 FAX (509) 335-2857 Discounts: Discounts are available to Discounts: A 25% discount is given on individuals or groups ordering 10 or more orders of 100 copies or more of a single title, copies of the same title sent to one address. or on orders of $100 or more of a single title. 10-49 copies of one title: 20% discount; 50 to There are no discounts on SP or MCP Series 99 copies of one title: 25% discount. Special publications. discounts may be available on orders of 100 or Payment: Make checks, purchase orders, more copies of a single title. or money orders payable to "Cooperative Payment: Minimum order is $1; $10 if Extension Publications." Firms and institu- charged to VISA or MasterCard; or $25 if paid tions may send purchase orders for orders of by purchase order. Make checks payable to $10 or more. UC Regents; prices include postage and handling. Pacific Northwest Publications Pacific Northwest (PNW) Extension publications are jointly produced by Washing- ton, Oregon, and Idaho with tri-state recom- mendations. PNW publications can be ordered through either OSU, WSU, or the University of Idaho Extension or publication offices. University of California0 Publications The University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources (ANR) produces a number of agricultural publications. The latest edition of the UC Agricultural Publications catalog is available free, contact the UC office listed below to receive a copy. Ordering Information: All sales are final. No publication may be returned for cash or credit. 50 University Resources

NOTES

"If we don't change our direction we'll end up where we're headed."

A Chinese Proverb A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 51 DATABASES AND COMPUTER SOFTWARE Databases Computer Bulletin Boards Software Computer Classes and Workshops

Uatabases are computerized listings of sources of information. For example, users may search by title, author, subject, or topic to locate articles, books, and other materials. Bulletin boards contain a variety of types of information that is frequently updated.

Databases Available from: agAccess P.O. Box 2008 agAccess Book and Software Database Davis, CA 95617 agAccess, a comprehensive agricultural (916)756-7177 Office information resource, sells a wide variety of (916) 756-7188 FAX books, software, databases and other reference materials. They maintain two fully indexed Agricola computerized databases. The Agricola database provides a compre- Book Database: Includes comprehensive hensive bibliographic index to basic and access to all agricultural books available from applied agriculture literature. A range of agAccess. These can be searched by subject. subjects including agricultural administration The subject index contains over 450 categories and legislation, soil and water resources, food and is available free upon request. The index and fiber products, extension and training contains information including title, author, programs, and all aspects of plant and animal type of cover, number of pages, ISBN, and the production are covered. Included are refer- price of each book. ences to books, reports, journal articles, Software Database: Contains listings for patents, audio-visual materials, software, and over 1,900 agricultural software products. other materials. Agricola is available on-line in Printouts include the manufacturer's address, the U.S. through the commercial vendors price, information on types of computers DIALOG and BRS and may also be accessed supported, and a brief review of each program. in many university libraries. Printouts can be sorted by type of computer or by specific agricultural application. The subject guide used to select the printout categories is available free. 52 Databases and Computer Software

Searching Agricola for... Low Input/ do raising one or more commodities from a Sustainable Agriculture STS-02 by Karl R. broad array of possibilities. Schneider and Maria Stransky. The booklet is For more information contact: designed to help users access Agricola infor- Yao-Chi Lu mation more efficiently. It can be obtained by USDA-ARS Systems Research sending a self-addressed, gummed label to the Laboratory National Agriculture Library address listed BARC-West below. Beltsville, MD 20705 For more information contact: (301) 344-1821 Alternative Farming Systems Information Center IMPACT Room 11 The University of California's Division of National Agricultural Library Agriculture and Natural Resources and the Beltsville, MD 20705 Statewide IPM Project maintains a pest (301) 344-3724 management database. Known as "IMPACT," the database includes pest and plant models, a Alternative Agricultural Opportunities degree-day program, meteorological informa- Database tion, and an electronic mail service. Access to A database developed by the Center for the public is before 8:00 a.m. and after 5:00 Alternative Plant and Animal Products. The p.m. on weekdays. A user's manual is avail- Center is sponsored by the Agricultural able for $13. Utilization Research Institute, the Minnesota For more information contact: Extension Service and the University of IPM Implementation Group Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. A 2101 Wickson Hall quarterly newsletter, BioOptions, is also University of California available (see the Periodical section for more Davis, CA 95616 information). The database contains informa- (916) 752-7826 tion on alternative cropping systems for the U.S. and is available only on diskette or as a Living Mulch Database computer print out. Many sources of information on living Available from: mulches including technical, scientific publica- Center for Alternative Plant and tions and general books are part of the data- Animal Products base collection. The database is housed at the 305 Alderman Hall Integrated Plant Protection Center (IPPQ on 1970 Folwell Avenue the main Oregon State University campus in University of Minnesota both hard copy files and on an IBM-compatible St. Paul, MN 55108 computer. There is no charge to access the (612) 625-5747 database. For more information contact: Agricultural Planning Expert (APEX) Alan Cooper Computer Program IPPC The APEX computer program was Cordley Hall designed by the Agricultural Research Service Oregon State University and the University of Maryland Cooperative Corvallis, OR 97331 Extension Service to assist farmers in making (503) 737-3541 production, economic, and other critical decisions. The system enables extension agents to show individual farmers how well they might A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 53

The National CD-ROM Sampler: An requested information. The first two searches Extension Reference Library are free. Copies up to 5 pages long are free, The CD-ROM sampler program is an after which copying and postage charges are agricultural reference library on compact disc applied. and contains about 50,000 pages of informa- For more information contact: tion from the USD A, state extension services, AERO and land grant universities. The program was 44 North Last Chance Gulch #9 originally designed to help extension agents Helena, MT 59601 answer common questions, and is a joint (406) 443-7272 venture of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU), the National Pesticide Alternatives Database Agricultural Library, and the University of The Division of Agriculture and Natural Minnesota. Minimum hardware requirements Resources (DANR) compiled this database are a CD-Rom player attached to an IBM PC- from surveys sent to farmers about pesticides XT compatible computer. Price: $99 for and alternative pesticides used on farms. The nonprofit groups, $199 for other groups and database contains information regarding individuals. currently available information including: Available from: biological alternatives to pesticides; chemical Interactive Design and Development alternatives that meet the Organic industry VPI&SU regulations; synthetic organic chemicals; Plaza I, Building D cultural alternatives; and genetic and plant Blacksburg, VA 24061-0524 improvements. The database is available on a 3.5-inch disk for IBM compatible microcom- National Herbicide Use Database puters for $20 plus $2.50 shipping and han- The database contains estimates of use for dling. Printed copies of information on an 96 herbicides on 84 crops in the late 1980s. individual crop are also available (inquire The database is available on national, state, about prices for individual crops). A printout and local levels. Prices vary. of the entire database is $80. For more information contact: Available from: Resources for the Future Statewide IPM Project 1616 P Street NW IPM/IG, University of California Washington D.C. 20036 Davis, CA 95616 (202) 328-5025 (916) 752-8350

Northern Rockies Sustainable Agriculture PlantMaster Network Database PlantMaster is a computerized database The database includes information on how containing information on over 1000 native successful certain sustainable farming prac- California and other low-water-use plants. tices in the Northern Rockies were in achieving Available from Acacia Software Company, the one or more of 15 designated farm goals. The database contains about 600 plants that require database is a compilation of results from a no more than one watering every two weeks in survey of farmers using alternative practices in the summer, and about 300 requiring no more the Northern Rockies and prairie provinces of than one watering per month (assuming Canada. The database is not available average weather conditions in southern "online", but information can be obtained by California). Hundreds of characteristics such contacting the Alternative Energy Resources as growth habit, height, flower color, and soil Organization (AERO) office. AERO will do needs are provided for each plant in the data- the search and send a printed copy of the base, and users can generate lists of plants with 54 Databases and Computer Software particular groups of characteristics. The USDA Pesticide Database PlantMaster software package costs about The USDA has developed a computerized $550. database of over 100 common pesticides. For more information contact: Information includes the physical and chemical Acacia Software properties of pesticides. Work is underway to P.O. Box 90525 expand the list. The database will be available Santa Barbara, CA 93190 on floppy disks. Price: to be announced. For more information contact: Sustainable Dryland Cereal/Legume USDA Agricultural Research Service Database for the Northwest U.S. BARC, Building 011 A, Room 165B The database contains information on Beltsville, MD 20705 sustainable farming systems of the Northwest region, concentrating primarily on dryland Weed Management Database cereal and legume production. This database is The Weed Science Society of America not available "online." The information is (WSSA) has developed a computerized listing stored on a shareware database program (PC of all extension service weed publications File 5). PC File 5 is an easy to use database available in the U.S. and Canada. The data- that can be accessed with an IBM compatible base lists weed management guides, software personal computer or on Macintosh computers programs, videos, and slide sets useful to with ability to convert to IBM data programs. farmers. $20. The database software may be purchased at Available from: computer software stores that handle share- WSSA ware for approximately $100. The information 309 West Clark Street files only, not the software, are available from Champaign, IL 61820 Washington State University for a nominal (217) 356-3182 price. For more information contact: Bulletin Office Computer Bulletin Boards Cooperative Extension Agricultural Library Forum (ALF) Washington State University ALF is the National Agricultural Library's Pullman, WA 99164-5912 (NAL) computer bulletin board. Information (509) 335-2857 available includes bulletins, download-able data, publications, and messages. The "bulle- Traditional Agriculture and Plant Pathology tins" section contains the NAL's hours and Database policies, a calendar of events describing NAL The TAPP computerized database contains workshops, and a listing of job announcements. references to published materials on traditional ALF can be accessed 24 hours a day, 7 days a methods of managing plant diseases. Available week with a compatible microcomputer and in several file formats. A donation of $35 is modem. Cost: phone call. suggested. For more information contact: For more information contact: National Agricultural Library H. Dale Thurston Public Services Division Room 100 Department of Plant Pathology Attn: ALF 344 Plant Sciences Building 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Cornell University Beltsville, MD 20705 Ithaca, NY 14853 (301) 344-8510 - bulletin board (301) 344-2113-voice A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 55

ATI-NET through a computer equipped with a modem or ATI-NET contains information on by requesting a printed copy. Listings are $1 California agriculture, electronic mail, telecon- per day with a twenty day minimum charge. ferencing, extensive job listings, and free Printouts of the board information are $5. communications software. To access, set There is no charge for reading the board other modem at 300 or 1200 baud when calling than long-distance phone charges. (209) 278-4265, or set modem at 1200 or 2400 For more information contact: when calling (209) 278-4615. Must use lower Garth Bare or Tim Walters case, echo off. No restrictions, sign on as P.O. Box 9547 "public." For problems call (209) 294-2361. Kansas City, MO 64133 Cost: phone call. (816) 737-0064 California State University, Fresno ATI-NET, 209-278-4265 (300/1200), National Biological Impact Assessment 209-278-4615 (2400) (voice 209-278-4872). Program (NBIAP) No access restrictions (sign on as "public"); NBIAP is a computerized bulletin board must use lower case, echo off; cost: telephone program sponsored by the Virginia Polytechnic call. USDA news, extensive job listings, Institute. Designed to facilitate safe evaluation electronic mail, teleconferencing, weather of genetically modified organisms in the reports. environment. Contains a bulletin board and For more information contact: databases. No access restrictions, use modem California Agricultural Technology set at 300/1200/2400. Cost: 30 minutes toll- Institute free per 24 hours. (800) 624-2723. California State University Virginia Polytechnic Institute National Fresno, CA 93740-0079 Biological Impact Assessment Program (209) 278-4872 (NBAIP), 800-624-2723. No access restric- tions; 300/1200/2400; cost: 30 minutes toll- The Good Earth Forum of CompuServe firee per 24 hours. Designed to facilitate safe Information Service evaluation of genetically modified organisms in A pay-as-you-go computer bulletin board the environment; bulletin board, databases. that offers information on homesteading, vegetable gardening, herbs, pests and fertiliza- The list below is derived from information tion. Also included are data libraries and posted on the National Agricultural Library computer programs available for downloading Forum BBS. to home computers. A microcomputer and a modem are needed to access CompuServe. University of Missouri-Columbia Trial subscriptions of the service are available Extension AGEBB, 314-882-8289 (voice at many computer stores. 314-882-4827). No access restrictions; For more information contact: 300/1200/2400; cost: telephone call. CompuServe Message system, bulletins, public domain P.O. Box 20212 software. Columbus, OH 43220 (800) 848-8199 National Agricultural Library Forum (ALF), 301-344-8510 (voice 301-344- Organic Producers Computer Commodity 2113). No access restrictions; cost: Board telephone call. Bulletins, downloadable Contains lists of currently available data and publications. organic crops. Growers may send their listings by mail or phone; information may be accessed 56 Databases and Computer Software

University of Kentucky EXTENSION- Monday; 2400; cost: toll-free. Deals with NET (voice 502-425-4482, Scott Wells). wastewater technology and management No access restrictions; cost: telephone for small communities. call. Extension information, message system. Cornell University CENET (voice 607-255-8127). Extension and University Alberta Agriculture COMPUT-FARM faculty accounts free, New York private RBBS, 403-556-4240 (voice 403-556- users pay $50 annually, out-of-state users 4104). No access restrictions; 300/1200/ pay $200 annually, not counting phone 2400; cost: telephone call. Downloadable charges. Used mainly to disseminate programs, commercial agricultural soft- information on vegetable and firuit crops, ware directory. especially pest management and disease control; electronic mail; downloadable University of Arizona College of Macintosh software. Agriculture Computer Applications Group BBS, 602-621-2997 (voice 602- South Dakota State University 621-2134). First-time users can leave ACCESS, 605-688-4710 (voice messages only to SYSOP, but can down- 605-688-4411). All users must register, load files immediately; 300/1200/2400; otherwise no access restrictions; 300/1200/ cost: telephone call. 20 megabytes of 2400; cost: telephone call. Bulletins, downloadable programs. extension information, downloadable software. University of Nebraska IANR BBS, 402-472-6615 (voice 402-472-6708). No Rutgers University Cooperative access restrictions; 300/1200; cost: Extension BBS, 800-722-0335 (New telephone call. Bulletin board, download- Jersey only), 201-383-8041. No access able files. restrictions; 300/1200/2400; cost: telephone call (toll-free in New Jersey). University of Wisconsin UWEX-IPM, Electronic mail, bulletin system, extension 608-262-3656 (voice 608-262-0170). No information. access restrictions; 300/1200/2400/4800/ 9600; cost: telephone call. Dedicated to North Central Computer Institute BBS, integrated pest management and sustain- 608-262-6224 (voice 608-263-4791). $25 able agriculture. annual fee plus phone charges; 1200/2400. Many downloadable programs, message North Dakota State University NDSU service, conferences, bulletins. BBS, 701-237-8661 (voice 701-237- 8627). Enter 20 when asked for class; National Weather Service Climate Dial- 300/1200; cost: telephone call. Down- Up Service (voice 301-763-4670). loadable files for many kinds of computers, Annual fee ranges from $48 for very including Amiga, Apple, Commodore, limited use to $600 for unlimited use. IBM, and Macintosh. Daily, weekly, monthly, and annual weather summaries; short- and long-term National Small Flows Clearinghouse forecasts; Degree Day and Growing Wastewater Treatment Information Degree Day summaries. Exchange, 800-544-1936 (voice 800-624-8301). Weekdays 12 noon to 9 a.m. and weekends Friday noon to 9 a.m. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon, and Washington 57

Iowa Cooperative Extension Service identification. The program is designed for use EXNET, 515-294-8354 (voice 515-294- on IBM-compatible computers. Requires DOS 8658). No access restrictions; cost: $25 3.0,384K RAM; a hard disk is recommended. per year plus phone call. Extension Specify disk size you prefer when ordering information, weather reports, download- (3.5-inch or 5.25-inch). Cost: $79.99 retail; able software, state and regional news- $59.99 educational; for either price include $5 letters, on-line question-and-answer for shipping and handling. Make checks sessions, electronic mail. payable to: Weed Diagnostic Lab. Available from: Computer Software Weed Diagnostic Lab Department of Plant, Soil & Entomological Sciences AGSTATS is a statistical analysis University of Idaho software program for IBM-PC compatible Moscow, ID 83843-4196 computers. The program allows growers to (208) 885-7831 analyze information from field trials with up to 15 treatments and as many as 6 replications AGASSISTANT software helps build a from completely randomized or complete block "knowledge base" of definitions and rules for design experiments. The program generates a making decisions in a given area of agricultural standard analysis of variance table with expertise. For example, WEEDER a significance tested at the .05 level. DOS knowledge base for identifying grass and weed version 2.1 or higher and at least 256KB of species commonly found in lawns, was built memory are required; a hard disk drive is not using AGASSISTANT. Knowledge bases necessary, and no graphics capability is could be constructed to aide in pest identifica- required. To receive a copy send either a tion, disease problem diagnosis, marketing formatted 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch disk and a self- decisions, and cultivar choices. The program addressed stamped diskette mailer or a check requires an IBM PC compatible computer with or money order for $5 made payable to Oregon a hard disk. Cost is $30 postpaid. State University. For more information contact: Available from: AGASSISTANT Extension Crop Science Dr. T.W. Fermanian Crop Science Building, Room 131 University of Illinois Oregon State University 1201 South Domer Drive Corvallis, OR 97331 Urbana, IL 61801 (503) 737-5854 PC-BEEPOP is a computer program for W.E.E.D.S. - Western Expert beekeepers and is designed to predict the Educational Diagnostic Systems is a random effects on honey bees of various management access software package that allows users to decisions. The program helps estimate losses identify any of the 320 species illustrated in due to disease, weather, aging and pesticides Weeds of the West (see Vegetation Manage- (the program provides information on the ment section of this guide for more information toxicology of various pesticides). To operate, about the book). Developed by Richard R. the program requires an IBM-AT compatible Old, Robert T. Dobbins, Patricia J. Hine, and computer with a hard disk and color graphics. Robert H. Callihan of the University of Idaho. Available free; send a blank, formatted 5.25- The program is accompanied by an extensive inch, 1.2 mb floppy disk and an addressed illustrated manual explaining how to quickly mailing label to the address below. recognize the characteristics used in plant 5* Databases and Computer Software

Available from: MCP0007 Grain 89: Lotus Spreadsheet Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffinan for Analyzing Farm Program USDA Agricultural Research Service Participation (IBM-PC Carly Hayden Bee Research Center compatible) $15 2000 East Allen Road MCP0008 Hop Mildew Program $25 Tucson, AZ 85719 Oregon State University a few agricul- Cornucopia, The Small Farm Planner is tural software programs available for $25 a software program designed to help farmers (each program) plus $3 shipping and handling. and ranchers make quick decisions about crop/ All programs listed are designed for use on livestock combinations and cost efficient IBM-compatible computers. For more infor- strategies. The program contains enterprise mation about a specific program call budgets for small grains, livestock, berries, (503) 737-2513 and ask for the computer vegetables, Christmas trees, Shiitake software descriptive brochure. For ordering mushrooms, herbs and pick-your-own fruit. information see the publications listing in the The program runs on IBM PC compatible University Resources section of this guide. computers. A demonstration disk is available for $15. EM 8464 ACE For more information contact: Allows the user to select alfalfa Amber Waves Software cultivars that meet user-defined 202-D Central Manor Road criteria from a database of about Mountville, PA 17554 450 cultivars. Information on (717) 285-3734 brand, year of release, winter hardiness, and disease and insect Washington State University has the resistance is included following agricultural software programs EM8308 PLANTEMP available. For ordering information see the Predicts wheat plant development publications ordering information in the and ground cover by wheat plants University Resources section of this guide. in their vegetative stage EM 8310 WOOLPRO MCP0001 Finance: Analyzing Simplifies record keeping Agricultural Investments associated with the operation of a (IBM-PC compatible) $10 wool pool MCP0003 Buyorlea Farm Machinery EM 8396 HAYVAL Microcomputer Program and Evaluates the winter feeding needs User Guide (IBM-PC of cattle, sheep, and horses compatible) $10 MCP0003D Economics of Alternative The University of Minnesota produces Methods of Financing Farm several horticultural software programs. The Machinery (User Guide) following programs are designed for use on MCP0005 Potato Contract I: A Potato IBM PC compatibles, with DOS 2.1 or above. Contract Evaluation Program Forecaster: Predicting Biological (IBM-PC compatible) $50 Phenomena Based on Daily Temperatures MCP0006 WIF: Washington Irrigation #AG-CS-3029. Predicts timing of certain Forecaster biological events in plants and cold-blooded animals, such as egg hatching, presence of first adult insects, seed germination, and flower bloom, based on starting data of development, A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 59 lower developmental threshold temperature, county with 10 farms or more in each state, and cumulative degree days required for an and for the entire United States. The diskettes event. Records of local temperatures are also include other information such as: farm necessary. Requires 256KB RAM, one or two size, land use practices, machinery, livestock, disk drives; hard disk recommended, printer and major crops harvested. Geographic Area optional. $69 Series, Subject Series, Related Surveys and Pesticide Mix Calculator #AG-CS-2500. Horticultural Specialties are all available on Provides five different ways to calculate computer tape. The Subject Series, Horti- pesticide mixes: product per acre, product per cultural Specialties and Related Surveys are gallon, actual chemical per acre, water to dilute also available online. wettable powder, and dilution of concentrate to For more information contact: recommended percentage. Compares costs of Census of Agriculture applications of different pesticides. Can keep Superintendent of Documents operation records. Requires 128KB RAM, two Government Printing Office disk drives; printer optional. $39 Washington, D.C. 20402-9325 Turfgrass #AG-CS-2539. Assists (301) 763-4100 homeowners and grounds maintenance personnel in selecting proper grass seed Farm General Ledger is an accounting mixtures to establish lawns, and in selecting shareware program available from Computer- appropriate fertilizers for new or established ized Farm Information Systems (CFIS). CFIS lawns. Recommendations are based on site markets software specifically for farmers. properties and desired lawn characteristics. Sample program diskettes (5.25 inch or 3.5 Also performs cost and suitability analyses of inch) of the Farm General Ledger program are fertilizers, based on label information. available for $25. If a farmer decides to Requires 128KB RAM, one disk drive; printer continue using the software program they are optional. $30 encouraged to order a registered version by WEEDIR #AG-CS-2163. Recommends sending an additional $75. User manuals and herbicides for most common weeds found in training materials are included in the price of Minnesota crops. Requires 256KB RAM, two the registered version. Oftentimes authors will disk drives, hard disk; printer optional. $50. offer support, and program updates as well. Available from: Check with CFIS regarding other programs Distribution Center available. University of Minnesota Cooperative For more information contact: Extension Service Computerized Farm Information 3 Coffey Hall Systems 1420 Eckles Avenue 1710 Oldridge Avenue North St. Paul, MN 55108 P.O. Box 302 Stillwater, MN 55082 Advance Reports of the Census of (612) 436-6196 Agriculture are available in diskette form, on computer tape, and online via the AgriData Computerized Advisory Service for Network and CENDATA. CENDATA, the Horticulture (CASH) is a software program Census Bureau's online information service, is from Ohio State University that aides in farm available through two vendors: DIALOG and management. The program assists fruit and CompuServe. For the diskette, the file vegetable growers in monitoring to improve the structure is Dbase III compatible (a 1.2 MB profitability of their farms and markets. The disk drive is required). Advance Reports program does not require specific grower data. highlight basic agricultural statistics for each CASH has its own database with more than 30 60 Databases and Computer Software enterprises ranging from tree fruit crops to For more information contact your local processed vegetables. SCS office or: For more information contact: Douglas Christianson Franklin Hall SCS Midwest National Technical Department of Entomology Center Ohio State University, OARDC 100 Centennial Mall North 1680 Madison Avenue Lincoln, NE 68508 Wooster, OH 44691 (402) 437-5384 (216) 263-3726 Grazing Land Applications (GLA) is North Central Computer Institute another software program developed by the (NCCI) offers public domain agricultural SCS. It helps record, organize, analyze, and software. NCQ has a computerized bulletin transfer information needed to determine board, software catalogs and publishes a grazing management practices. The GLA can quarterly newsletter (available for $10 a year). be used for any size operation anywhere in the The programs are for IBM-compatible micro- United States. computers and sell for moderate prices. For more information contact your local For more information contact: SCS office or: North Central Computer Institute Soil Conservation Service 667 WARF Office Building P.O. Box 2890 610 Walnut Street Washington, D.C. 20013 Madison, WI 53705 (608) 263-6224 A Survey of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a compilation of survey The Cost and Return Estimator (CARE) information regarding the GIS software software package was developed by the Soil package information. GIS is used by local Conservation Service (SCS) to simplify governments and other planning agencies to planning for sustainable agricultural systems. assist them in making land use decisions. The The program helps users compare and contrast survey reported in this publication outlines alternative farming practices. It generates cost some of the attributes of GIS software pack- and returns for practices currently employed ages which can be used to formulate farmland and uses a variety of scenarios that might conservation policies. $10. affect usage, crop yields, and ultimately farm Available from: profits. Calculations are made beginning with American Farmland Trust a base budget put together by SCS personnel Publications Department and farmers. The base budget is the founda- 1920 N Street NW, Suite 400 tion for customizing all other costs and for Washington, D.C. 20036 developing a picture of an individual farming (202) 659-5170 system. The SCS has released CARE to all automated field offices in the U.S. It is The Pioneer DollarWise Farm available free of charge. Accounting Program is a single-entry accounting program designed to help farmers become familiar with computerized record- keeping while providing detailed reports of their current financial situation. Information such as production costs per head or acre, general and enterprise income, cash flow, net worth, and Schedule F, C, and A tax require- A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 61 ments and listings of vendors, transactions and Agricultural Computing is a monthly accounts are included. newsletter published by Doane Information For more information contact: Services. Subscription rate is $88 a year. Pioneer Hi-Bred International For more information about the four (800) 838-5878 programs listed above contact: Doane Information Services Doane has a variety of agricultural 11701 Borman Drive, Suite 100 software programs available including bulletin St. Louis, MO 63146 boards, electronic mail, market information, (800) 422-2434 and accounting and management programs. Some programs such as "agLine" require a Home Office Computing Magazine computer with a modem. Doane also publishes The monthly computing magazine is not a monthly newsletter, Agricultural Computing. designed specifically for agricultural opera- tions, but is a good resource for those who use 1989 Agricultural Computing Software microcomputers in their business. The maga- Directory: A comprehensive reference to farm zine is published by Scholastic, Inc. and computer software. Included are 650 commer- contains information on software, buyer's cial programs available for on-farm use. A guides, business management and answers to description of each program, equipment common computer problems. $19.97 per year. requirements, demonstration availability, For more information contact: producer's address and prices are provided. Home Office Computing $19.95. P.O. Box 51344 Boulder, CO 80321-1344 Computerize Your Farm Accounting: A clear, non-technical reference that aids farmers Hacker Freeway in developing effective record-keeping systems. Hacker Freeway is a board game devel- Information includes choosing a computer oped by the College of Agriculture at Southern system, developing a chart of accounts, Illinois University-Carbondale to teach managing cash flow, budgeting, how to prepare computer literacy. The game is designed to an Income Tax Return, and more. Sample teach computer technology and basic computer record-keeping forms are provided. $19.95. principles. The game consists of 460 question cards, a playing board, and playing pieces. The Farmer's Complete Guide to Ag $30. Computing: This guide includes practical tips Available from: for making computer work easier and more AgResources efficient. In-depth information on computer- Department of Agricultural Education ized accounting systems, spreadsheets, hard- & Mechanization ware, software programs, and services is Southern Illinois University provided. $27.95. Carbondale, IL 62901 (618) 536-7733

Mi-Tor A predator-prey simulation model that was designed to teach the concepts of arthropod population dynamics, but it is used more as a computer game. The playing field is a donut shaped plant consisting of 1250 spaces. Predators and prey move one random space per 62 Databases and Computer Software chronon until the predators feed on the prey. Predators are capable of learning and must eat to reproduce. Players may change variables such as diapause, dispersal, learning, starva- tion and reproduction. Mi-Tor is available on a 5.25 floppy disk for IBM compatible micro- computers, free of charge while supplies last. Available from: D.J. Horn Department of Entomology Ohio State University 1735 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210 (614) 292-8209 Classes and Workshops

Community Colleges that have Farm Business Management courses generally provide courses on the use of computers in farm management. Check your local community college for computer and family business management classes in Washington, Idaho and Oregon.

"To err is human but to really foul things up requires a computer."

1978 Farmers Almanac A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 63 VIDEO TAPES AND OTHER MEDIA OFFERINGS Pacific Northwest Focus National Focus Catalogs

A growing number of companies and organizations are producing video tapes, slide sets, and other visual media offerings with information about sustainable agriculture. In addition to the list provided below check the "resources" sections of newsletters and journals for listings of new releases and how to obtain them.

Pacific Northwest Focus A copy of the publication "Grafting Fruit Trees" is included with the tape. Available for $40 postpaid from OSU Agricultural Commu- Easy Steps to Fruit Tree Pruning nications (address listed below). The hour-long video was produced by commerical orchardists. Descriptions of tools, A Grower's Guide to Pruning Highbush tree-training systems, and rejuvenation of Blueberries The tape covers identification of neglected trees are included. $32.50 post-paid, growth stages, choosing pruning tools, efficient Washington residents add $2.24 sales tax. pruning techniques, and pruning for machine Available from: harvest. The tape is useful for both commer- Cedardale Orchards cial and novice blueberry growers. VHS only, P.O. Box 594 publication #VTP 002. $30 postpaid. Conway, WA 98238 Available from: OSU Agricultural Communications, Fruit Production Video Tapes from Oregon see the University Resources section of State University this guide for ordering information

Budding and Grafting Fruit Trees Produced 1988 Apple Variety Trial Video-Taped by the OSU Extension Service, the tape Progress Report A one-hour VHS video tape features tree fruit specialists Robert Stebbins showing 73 apple varieties both on and off the and Harold Bjornstad describing budding and tree, indexed for quick reference. Included are grafting information including: reasons for such new varieties as Royal Gala, Red budding or grafting, terminology, tool Jonagold, Braeburn, Fuji, Liberty, and more. selection, and step-by-step procedures for the A written copy of the progress report helps most common budding and grafting methods. viewers follow the information relayed in the 64 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings video tape. Previous years tapes may also be Noxious Weeds of Oregon: A Growing available. $25 (post-paid) for the written and Concern video tape reports, or $2 (post-paid) for a copy A video tape produced in 1988 that of the written report alone. Make checks discusses the impact of noxious weeds on payable to OSU Extension Service. agriculture, recreation, and Oregon's economy Available from: in general. The need for early detection and Robert L. Stebbins control efforts is emphasized. Four noxious Department of Horticulture weeds are highlighted: leafy spurge, Italian Oregon State University thistle, tansy ragwort, and gorse. 17 minutes Corvallis, OR 97331 long, in color. (503) 737-3464 Available from: Oregon Department of Agriculture Irrigation Management Efficiency and Weed Control Irrigation System Efficiency Two video 635 Capitol Street NE tapes produced by the OSU Extension Energy Salem, OR 97310 Program. Available from: Sustainable Agriculture Video Series Extension Energy Program The video on Cover Crops is $30 Canadian Oregon State University for non-REAP members, $15 for members + Batcheller Hall 344 7% GST (see the Organizations section of this Corvallis, OR 97331-2405 guide for more information). Check with (503) 737-3004 REAP for information about U.S. prices and other video tapes in the series. Video Tapes available from Washington For more information contact: State University REAP-CANADA Box 125, Glenaladale House Pruning Apple Trees: Basic Concepts Ste. Anne de Bellevue Available in both English and Spanish. VHS, Quebec H9X ICO 24-minutes each. English version: order publication #VT0001; Spanish: #VT0001S. Watershed Enhancement: Building $10 each. Oregon's Future A 14-minute video tape explaining Pocket Gopher Management The 17-minute Oregon's program for improving watersheds video tape includes information about biologi- and streams. The tape is designed for agency, cal, mechanical, and chemical methods of landowners and managers, or the general controlling pocket gophers. VHS. Publication public. First distributed in 1989, the tape #VT0007. $28. provides information on Oregon's Watershed Enhancement pro-gram during its first two Orchard Airblast Spraying VHS. In years. Copies may be borrowed or purchased English, 12 minutes, publication #VT0013; in for $12. Spanish, 16 minutes, publication #VT0014. Available from: $30 each. The Governor's Watershed All three available from: Enhancement Board WSU Publications, see the University 3850 Portland Road NE Resources section of this guide for Salem, Oregon 97310 ordering information A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 65

NATIONAL FOCUS Alternative Agriculture Oral History Video Tapes In 1988, the Alternative Farming Systems Agri-Balance Information Center at the National Agricultural A slide show made into a video, Agri- Library began videotaping a series of inter- Balance portrays the assets of organic farming. views with individuals who have made signifi- The company also produces six other video cant contributions to sustainable agriculture. tapes. Currently, four tapes are available for loan to For more information contact: individuals and organizations. To borrow any John Hughes of the tapes listed below, contact your state Shoestring Productions land-grant university or local public library and 9559 State Route #28 ask the librarian to request an interlibrary loan. New Vienna, OH 45159 For additional information, contact Jayne T. MacLean, Coordinator, Alternative Farming Alive and Well: Sustainable Soil Systems Information Center, National Agricul- Management tural Library, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., The video provides a technical introduction Beltsville, MD 20705; phone (301) 344-3719. to sustainable agriculture and features five different farming operations in which sustain- Oral History Interview with Dr. James A. able practices have been successfully imple- Duke. Videocassette no. 629. Beltsville, MD, mented. Practices shown in this 30-minute USDA, 1988. Dr. Duke is an economic tape include: soil aeration; soil amendments; botanist with the USDA Agricultural Research using biological diversity; reducing off-farm Service, and an internationally recognized inputs; and market diversification. $40, make authority on herbs. checks payable to UC Regents. Available from: Oral History Interview with Mr. Robert Visual Media Rodale. Videocassette no. 670. Beltsville, University of California MD, USDA, 1989. Mr. Rodale, who died in Davis, CA 95616 an automobile accident in 1990, headed Rodale (916) 757-3278 Press, publishers of Organic Gardening and The New Farm (see the Periodical section of Alternative Agriculture: Growing Concerns this guide for more information). A documentary originally shown on national television as a five-part series. The Oral History Interview with Dr. Wes series investigates the benefits and drawbacks Jackson. Videocassette no. 731. Beltsville, of low-input sustainable agriculture. $15, MD, USDA, 1990. Dr. Jackson is the director order number: VT005. of The Land Institute near Salina, Kansas. Available from: The Institute is a nonprofit educational and ERS-NASS research organization promoting sustainable P.O. Box 1608 farming techniques. Rockville, MD 20849-1608 (800) 999-6779 8:30 - 5:00 EST 66 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings

Oral History Interview with Dr. Paul F. Available from: O'Connell. Videocassette no. 732. Beltsville, VEP MD, USDA, 1990. Dr. O'Connell is deputy Cal Poly administrator of the USDA Cooperative State San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 Research Service; he directs several special (800) 235-4146 Office programs on aquaculture, industrial crops, (800)756-5550 FAX small-scale farming, and the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) Common Sense Pest Control for Home and program. Garden. A good overview of pest control techniques Commercial Vegetable Production (13 on a small scale. May be rented for $25. A minutes) was also produced from the same $25 refundable deposit and a $2 shipping fee joint venture as the aforementioned video tapes. are charged in addition to the rental fee. Available for $10 postpaid; make checks Available from: payable to Fort Valley State College CEP. BIRC Available from: P.O. Box 7414 John M. Bentley, Head Berkeley, CA 94707 Extension Communications (510) 524-2567 P.O. Box 4061 Fort Valley, GA 31030 Composting for Farms Discusses how to make compost on a California Polytechnic State University commercial scale as a business for farmers. Agricultural Videos Request tape #8004. $15. The Vocational Education Productions Available from: (VEP) produces many instructional videos and NOFA Video Project other materials for agricultural educators. To RFD#2 obtain a complete catalog contact VEP at the Barre, MA 01005 address below. Some of the videos available (508) 355-2853 are listed here. Conservation on Your Own Pest I.D. Kit SUde Sets: Over 105 pest slides A joint project of the USDA Soil Conser- illustrate insects, vertebrate pests and benefi- vation Service and the National Association of cial insects. Information on life cycles, insect, Conservation Districts, this video tape is a spider and mite morphology, and scientific user's guide for the following conservation names are included. The complete kit practices: measuring and managing crop ($149.95) includes the slide set, a pest identifi- residue; laying out contour lines and field cation manual, and a guide for students. borders; laying out contour buffer strips; Additional manuals and guides are available. laying out wind strips; using grass to control A supplemental pest identification slide set small gullies; planting and maintaining field includes 44 additional pests and sells for $70. breaks; terrace maintenance; and maintaining Tractor Safety - It's Not Gonna Happen to contour strip-cropping. $7.50 plus shipping. Me: The 24-minute video discusses heavy Available from: equipment safety, including pre-operation National Association of Soil checks, transporting tractors, operation check, Conservation Districts accident prevention, and emergency response Box 855 procedures. Available in VHS format in League City, TX 77574-0855 English (#6-084-100P) or Spanish (#6-084- (713) 332-3402 200P). $95. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 67

Erosion Control Video Tape videotape sells for $29.95, or the entire set may Farmer built, low-cost gully erosion be purchased for $149.95. control structures are described in this 8- Available from: minute video tape produced by Indiana's T-by- Farm Videos 2000 Educational Project, Purdue University, Rooy Media and the Soil Conservation Service. Directed 7407 Hilltop Drive toward a farmer audience, the video explains Frederick, MD 21702 the advantages and construction skills needed to build controlled drops, rock or cement block Growing Concerns: The Future of chutes, and stabilized vegetative overfall America's Farmland chutes. Information about residue management The American Farmland Trust (AFT) and other mechanical and cultural practices to produced this 15-minute video to introduce the help prevent soil erosion are also discussed. critical issues confronting America's farmland. $15. Produced in 1987, the video examines some of Available from: the effective conservation strategies in use by Media Distribution Center farmers, local governments, and organizations Purdue University like AFT, and is designed to serve as an 301 South Second introduction for a discussion of farmland Lafayette, IN 47905-1092 conservation. $10 plus $2.50 for shipping and handling; specify VHS or Beta. Equipping for Maximum Net Forage Available from: A 33-minute video about Voisin grazing American Farmland Trust management from the University of Vermont. Publications Department Information discussed includes fencing and 1920 N Street NW, Suite 400 drinking water equipment, and pasture mass Washington, D.C. 20036 relationships that influence the amount of (202) 659-5170 forage harvested by grazing livestock. $15 postpaid; make checks payable to the Univer- Georgia Cooperative Extension Service sity of Vermont. Video Tapes Available from: The Cooperative Extension Service Bill Murphy Programs at Georgia's Fort Valley State Dept. of Plant and Soil Science College and North Carolina A&T State Hills Building University have jointly produced several how- University of Vermont to videotapes on "Ways to Grow: Money- Burlington, VT 05405 Making Ideas for Small Farmers." Two titles currently available videos are: "Growing Farmer-To-Farmer: Strategies for Shiitake Mushrooms" (13 minutes) and Sustainable Agriculture "Woodlot Management" (15 minutes). Each A six-segment series discussing: field tape costs $10 postpaid; make checks payable crops; rotational grazing; vegetables; IPM for to North Carolina A&T University CEP. vegetables and small fruit; IPM for apples; and Available from: high-value marketing. The videotapes are Valerie F. McAlpin, Director produced by Rooy Media and Rodale Institute, Extension/Research Communications with support from the USD A LISA program. North Carolina A&T University The six-part series is designed to be a resource P.O. Box 21928 for educators and farmers looking for practical Greensboro, NC 27402 and sustainable agriculture methods. Each 68 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings

Integrated Pest Management The Land Stewardship Project also loans A video tape produced by BIRC. Purchase video tapes. Include $5 for postage. The LSP price: $39.95. requests that borrowers return the tape prompt- Available from: ly and in good condition. The following tapes Bio-Integral Resource Center are available: P.O. Box 7414 Berkeley, CA 94707 TheAmLsh: Not to be Modern A PBS (510) 524-2567 documentary on Amish Farming Commu- nities. 59 minutes. The Key to Effective Irrigation The Irrigation Association (LA) prepared a Common Ground WTBS Atlanta Documen- 13-minute video demonstrating five essential tary that surveys the state of commercial steps to save water through irrigation in both organic agriculture in the United States. 58 urban and rural landscapes. Design, equip- minutes. ment, installation, maintenance and water management are discussed. Programs and Ending the Silence A powerful look at the projects currently undertaken by LA to conserve farm crisis and its effect on northeast-em Iowa water are also outlined. The video is available in the early 1980s. 40 minutes. for $25 to members of the LA, and $35 for non- members. Fragfle Harvest An examination of how our Available from: abundant agriculture systems affect the land. Irrigation Association 49 minutes. 1911 North Fort Meyer Drive, Suite 1009 The Living Soil An intricate look at the Arlington, VA 22209-1630 miracles of soil. 59 minutes. (703) 524-1200 Nova: The Goddess of the Earth Explores The Land Stewardship Project Video Tapes the scientific evidence for the theory that the A four-part sustainable farming practices Earth is a living, self-regulating organism, and video tape series produced by the Land Stew- the debate that this radical hypothesis has ardship Project (LSP), Blue Moon Produc- stirred in the scientific community. 58 tions, and the Sustainable Farming Association minutes. of Minnesota is available. Tapes on 'Nitrogen Management', 'Rotational Grazing', and On American Soil An historical overview of 'Cover Crops' will be available for sale or American soil conservation efforts and some of rental in the Spring of 1991. The 17-minute the failures associated with the efforts. 30 'Rotary Hoe' tape is available for $25 for the minutes. first copy, and $20 for each additional copy. Each video features midwestem farmers The Promise of the Land A PBS sharing their experience with environmentally "Smithsonian World" documentary on the sound and economically profitable farming fundamental importance of soil and farmland. methods. Extensive interviews with Wendell Berry, West For more information contact: Jackson, and various farmers. 58 minutes. The Land Stewardship Project P.O. Box 815 Voisin Controlled Grazing Management, A Lewiston, MN 55952 Better Way to Farm 34 minutes. (507) 523-3366 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 69

Water PoDution: Where Does it Come or purchased: $55 for a 10-day rental of the From? 18 minutes video tape; purchase price is $150 (rental cost may be applied toward the total purchase Wildlife and Agriculture Produced by price). Both prices include shipping and Kansas State University. handling charges. Available from: Wrath of Grapes Produced by the United Regenerative Agriculture Association Farm Workers of America. 15 minutes. 222 Main Street For more information contact: Emmaus, PA 18098 The Land Stewardship Project 14758 Ostlund Trail North Perspectives on Solarization Marine, MN 55047 A 20-mmute audio cassette made specifi- (612) 433-2770 cally for California farmers unfamiliar with soil solarization techniques and processes for Licking Creek Bend Farm Video controlling pests and diseases. The tape A 12-minute program designed for city features interviews with University of children on questions about food and farms. California farm advisors, growers, and others. Children in a classroom are shown asking $5. Make checks payable to 'UC Regents.' question, and footage of the Licking Creek Available from: Bend organic farm is used as a background for The Small Farm Center the answers. $17.50. University of California Available from: Davis, CA 95616-8699 Mike Tabor (916) 757-8910 706 Erie Avenue Takoma Park, MD 20912 Pest Management in the Vegetable Garden Purchase $25. The Model 100 Moisture Meter Available from: A short video tape explaining the Model Colorado State University 100 Moisture Meter is available for a small Bulletin Room handling charge. The meter is designed as a 171 Aylesworth SW portable field instrument that instantly Fort Collins, CO 80523 measures soil moisture to help operators determine the most appropriate time to irrigate. Roots and Herbs Video For more information contact: A VHS video tape shows where to look for Aquaterr Instruments several high-value wild plants such as ginseng, Tim Weems, Product Manager goldenseal, and bloodroot. Also included is P.O. Box 459 information about responsible collection Freemont, CA 94538 techniques, how to identify these plants, and (415)657-1201 Office information about preparing them for whole- (415)657-1203 FAX sale buyers. $29.95 postpaid. Available from: Nature's Ag School Roots & Herbs The 40-minute video tape details many P.O. Box 110 aspects of Dick and Sharon Thompson's 300- Lebanon, MO 65536 acre hog and beef operation in Iowa. Included with the VHS video tape is a transcript of the narration, and three copies of a book about the Thompson farm. The video tape can be rented 70 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings

Soil Management: The Key to Sustained Trapping and Removing Nuisance Wildlife Fertility A videotape that describes information A technical introduction to sustainable such as equipment, bait selection, animal agriculture. Taped on location in northern behavior, and live trapping of skunks, California, the program features five different raccoons, squirrels, groundhogs, and other farming operations where sustainable practices animals. $42. have been successfully implemented. Available from: For more information contact: Pest Wildlife Removal Services Sustainable Agriculture Research and P.O. Box 5628 Harrisburg, PA 17110 Education Program University of California The Wealth in Wetlands Davis, CA 95616 Advantages of wetlands on farms is the (916) 752-7556 focus of this 23-minute video produced by the Attention: Video USDA's Soil Conservation Service. The video features interviews with farmers in California, San Luis Video Publishing Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota and New York. San Luis Video produces three IPM video Wetland restoration techniques and sources of tapes: Integrated Pest Management in help for wetland restoration and conservation Agriculture (#B025), Integrated Pest Manage- are discussed. Sponsors of the production are: ment in the Greenhouse (#B026), and SCS, the National Association of Conservation Integrated Pest Management: An Introduction Districts, Successful Farming magazine, Ducks (#B027). The first two are available for $75 Unlimited Inc., and the U.S. Department of each, the introductory tape is available for Interior's Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Each $39.95. Include $3 shipping and handling per Soil and Water Conservation District has a tape ordered. San Luis Video also publishes a copy of the 1/2-inch VHS tape for local use. catalog of all the video tapes they produce; Copies may be purchased for $10, or may be catalogs are available free. rented for $5 from the national office. Available from: Available from: San Luis Video Publishing The National Association of P.O. Box 4604 Conservation Districts San Luis Obispo, CA 93493 P.O. Box 855 (805) 545-5426 office League City, TX 77574-0855 (805) 545-5423 FAX (800) 825-5547

The Science and Necessity of Organic Windbreaks: Planning, Planting and Care Residues in the Soil The 17-minute video details growing and Robert Pames speaks about plant nutrients maintaining a windbreak from the planning and organic matter in this 60-minute video stages to the mature windbreak. Includes tape. Copies are available for $29.95. information on tree selection, planting, protect- Available from: ing, and pruning. The video is available for Peter Griesinger loan from local conservation districts in most Griesinger Films of the Great Plains states, or may be ordered. 7300 Old Mill Road For more information contact: Gates Mills, OH 44040 Gary Schwen (213) 423-1601 U.S. Soil Conservation Service 655 Parfait Denver, CO 80201 (303) 236-2886 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 71

CATALOGS Visual Media University of California Several companies distribute video tapes, Davis, CA 95616 audio cassettes and slide sets on agriculture. (916) 757-8980 The following companies have catalogs or The Visual Media Center at the University listings of a variety of media offerings. of California, Davis has produced over 1,000 video tapes and slide sets on many topics American Nurseryman Publishing Company including sustainable agriculture. A catalog on Horticulture Books and Videos Catalog a 5.25-inch or 8-inch computer disk is avail- Book Department able free on request. 111 North Canal Street, Suite 545 Chicago, IL 60606-7276 (800) 621-5727 office (312) 782-3232 FAX

Bio-Integral Resource Center P.O. Box 7414 Berkeley, CA 94707 (510) 524-2567

Vocational Education Productions Catalog California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 (800) 235-4146 office (805) 756-5550 FAX

San Luis Video Publishing P.O. Box 4604 San Luis Obispo, CA 93493 (805) 545-5426 office (805) 545-5423 FAX

Natural Organic Farmers Association (NOFA) RFD#2 Barre, MA 01005 (508) 355-2853 Send a self-addressed stamped, legal-size envelope for a catalog. The catalog lists over 50 video tapes available from NOFA 72 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings

NOTES

"About one-fifth of the people are against everything all the time."

Robert F. Kennedy A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 73 EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES General References Directories of Information International Educational Work Opportunities

Information about a variety of educational opportunities in sustainable agriculture are listed in this section. We chose not to include information about colleges and universities as this information has been compiled by other sources (see the Directories subheading below).

General References Bear Tribe Medicine Society Box 9167 Spokane, WA 99209 Abundant Life Seed Foundation (509) 326-6561 P.O. Box 772 Educational courses including two-week Port Townsend, WA 98368 permaculture design workshops and various Contact: Forest Shomer, Director gardening apprenticeships are offered during (206) 385-5660 the growing season. Native American tradi- Seed Garden Apprenticeships lasting one tions play an integral part in the activities. to four months are available. The focus of the apprenticeship program is organic horticulture. Earth Cyclers Route 1, Box 9C Aprovecho Institute Edwall, WA 99008 80574 Hazelton Road (509) 236-2265 Cottage Grove, OR 97424 Earth Cyclers is a nonprofit corporation (503) 942-9434 located on 80 acres of farm and pasture land Aprovecho offers a number of workshops 40 miles west of Spokane. It was established and apprenticeships in Oregon and in several in 1972 as a developing ecological demonstra- Latin American countries. Emphasis is on tion farm utilizing: crop rotations; "keyline" permaculture and sustainable lifestyles. Some landscaping; multispecies rotational grazing; partial work trades are available. selective logging; holistic planning; surface mulch tillage; tree planting; and direct local marketing. The farm is operated by a collec- tive of six adults and offers internships which may include room and board. 74 Educational Opportunities

Medicinal Herb Wildcrafting The Center for Well Being Island Herbs 82644 Howe Lane Waldron Island, WA 98297 Creswell, OR 97426 Three, six, and ten-week apprenticeships Contact: Barbara Hurwich are offered March through November. (503) 895-2953 Study tours and instructional courses are Oregon Tilth offered. 31615 Fern Road PhUomath, OR 97370 Friends of the Trees Society (503) 929-6742 P.O. Box 185 Oregon Tilth is a participant in the national Port Townsend, WA 98368 Tilth Placement Service Network, which Contact: Michael Pilarsld provides opportunities on certified organic (206) 385-9288 farms. Seminars and courses on permaculture and tree subjects, publications on world reforesta- Washington Tilth Producers' Cooperative tion, sustainable agriculture, kiwi fruits, and P.O. Box 465 net working service for international travelers. Olympia, WA 98507-0465 (206) 632-5534 Home Orchard Society Information about internships and appren- P.O. Box 776 ticeships throughout the Pacific Northwest may Clackamas, OR 97015 also be found in the monthly Tilth publications (503) 630-3392 of Oregon and Washington. This organization is designed to educate novice as well as more experienced growers of Cooperative Extension Service Educational fruit-bearing trees, shrubs, and plants in the Programs home garden. An annual Fall Fruit Show County Extension offices offer many includes lectures and demonstrations on many classes, seminars, and workshops throughout aspects of fruit growing while allowing partici- the year. For more information contact your pants to see and taste hundreds of varieties. local Extension office; see the Extension The spring Scion Exchange allows members to section of this guide for addresses and phone share and exchange cuttings. The HOS numbers. Arboretum which is located at Clackamas Community College in Oregon City, has open- Campbell Farm house workdays on the first and third Satur- Box 3106, Route 3 days and second and fourth Sundays during the Wapato, WA 98951 growing season. A quarterly publication, (509) 877-6413 "Pome News" is mailed to members and This farm/school run by the Presbyterian contains information on fruit-growing and Church focuses on small-scale, sustainable upcoming HOS workshops and programs. It agriculture, especially for development workers also contains lists of fruit varieties displayed at in the Third World. the fall shows and of the scions and rootstocks available at the spring Scion Exchange. Center for Urban Horticulture Elisabeth C. Miller Library University of Washington, GF-15 Seattle, WA 98816 Many classes and courses are offered at this educational center for horticulture. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 75

Northwoods Nursery Birdsfoot Farm 28696 South Cramer Road Natural Farmer Cooperative Apprenticeship Molalla, OR 97038 Program (503) 651-3737 Star Route, Box 138 Annual classes such as grafting, pruning, Canton, NY 13617 edible landscaping, and orchard management Contact: Doug Jones are offered. (315) 386-4852 Apprenticeships are offered from March to The Agricultural Training Course Group November at this organic vegetable farm. Camphill Village, Kimberton Hills P.O. Box 155 California Action Network Kimberton, PA 19442 P.O. Box 464 This small community manages a 350-acre Davis, CA 95617 biodynamic farm. The On-Farm Training Contact: AndyFaletti Program offers a variety of apprenticeships. (916) 756-8518 One, two, and three year programs are also Offers information on networking within available. organic industry, political action, public education tours, and legislative internships. Alcyone Light Center Route 1, Box 532 California Certified Organic Farmers Colestin Road (CCOF) Hombrook, CA 96044 State Office Contact: John McComb, Public Relations P.O. Box 8136 (916) 475-3310 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 Apprenticeships and internships in environ- (408) 423-2263 mental studies and organic gardening are There are ten local chapters and certifica- conducted at this spiritual center. tion offices are located throughout California. Information is provided about working farm American Association of Botanical Gardens stays throughout the state by CCOF's main and Arboreta (AABGA) office. P.O. Box 206 Swarthmore, PA 19081 Camp Joy The AABGA compiles a guide listing 131 Camp Joy Road summer jobs and internships at 88 botanical Boulder Creek, CA 95006 gardens, arboreta, and other horticultural (408) 338-3651 institutions. There is a $2 charge for the guide. Classes on sustainable agriculture and organic farming are available on this 2.5 acre Ananda Village mixed fruit and vegetable farm. The farm also 14618 Tyler Foote Road offers subscription farming which allows Nevada City, CA 95959 people to harvest a crop they have requested (916) 292-3656 Camp Joy to grow. Apprentices work for a six Ananda Community offers apprenticeships month period and perform a variety of duties in organic gardening and other rural skills. including planting, pruning, and harvesting. Room and board are provided. 76 Educational Opportunities

Carolina Farm Stewardship Association Common Ground Organic Supplies P.O. Box 511 2225 El Camino Real Pittsboro, NC 27312 Palo Alto, CA 94306 (919) 742-4672 (415) 328-6752 Contact: Kate Havel Common Ground is a retail garden supply Sponsors apprenticeships on farms in store that offers a reference library and classes North Carolina. on organic, bio-intensive, raised-bed gardening. Classes cover such techniques as double- Cedar Hollow digging beds, composting, intensive planting, P.O. Box 649 and companion planting cover crops. Fee. Columbia, KY 42728 (502) 378-6588 Community Environmental Council This community hosts educational courses 930 Miramonte Drive on permaculture and sustainable Santa Barbara, CA 93109 agriculture. Contact: Tony Dominski (805) 963-0538 Center for Rural Affairs Internships are available. P.O. Box 405 Walthill, NE 68067 Conservation Gardening and Farming Contact: Chuck Hassebrook International Consultancy (402) 846-5428 9049 COvina Street A six month to one year internship position San Diego, CA 92126 is available which includes experience in (619) 566-8994 analyzing case studies, videotaping on-farm Contact: Bargyla Rateaver research, and organizing workshops on sustain- Courses, lectures, public demonstrations, able agriculture. Contact: publications and free international consulta- tions are available. Committee for Sustainable Agriculture P.O. Box 1300 Demeter Education Foundation ColFAX, CA 95713 4214 National Avenue Contact: OtisWollan Burbank, CA 91505 (916) 346-2777 Contact: Maria Linder Offers conferences, farm field days, (818) 843-5521 networking activities, and newsletter. Tours, newsletters, advising for farmers, and conferences are offered. Common Ground Mini-farm 5798 Ridgewood Road Down Home Project Willits, CA 95490 625 Phillips Street (707) 459-0150 Missoula, MT 59802 An apprenticeship program is offered in (406) 728-4549 the biodynamic/French intensive method of This is a nonprofit educational center small-scale farming on 20 acres of rural land. which offers talks, workshops, and events Research is oriented towards finding the most which mainly focus on gardening, farming, sustainable way to grow food crops on the least orcharding, composting, seeds, permaculture, amount of land possible. Yield, time, and and herbs. They also run Garden City Nursery water use are among the factors considered. A which sells plants, seeds, and organic garden- one-year commitment is required by appren- ing supplies. tices. There is a fee for the program. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 77

Ecology Action Green Gulch Farm 5798 Ridgewood Road Star Route Willits, CA 95490 Sausalito, CA 94965 Contact: Robin Jeavons Contact: Peter Rudnick (707) 459-0150 (415) 383-3134 Long-term apprenticeships are available Green Gulch Farm is a Zen temple and for organic and bio-intensive farming tech- training center which offers apprenticeships on niques and research. the 15-acre organic farm. Room, board, and a modest stipend are offered. Ecology Action of the Mid-Peninsula 2225 El Camino Real Hawthorne Valley Farm Store Palo Alto, CA 94306 Road 2, Box 225A Classes are offered, a newsletter is Ghent, NY 12075 published, and a seed company is run by this Contact: Christopher Meier group who have been teaching bio-intensive (518) 672-7500 gardening which is a combination of French- Apprenticeships are offered on this 400- Intensive and Biodynamic methods. acre biodynamic farm and include: care of livestock, feeding and milking; vegetable FarmHands growing; haying and field crops; biodynamic P.O. Box 1606 management; and logging/woodlot manage- New York, NY 10013 ment. A commitment of at least one year is Wendy Dubit required. (212) 431-6078 The FarmHands apprenticeship program The Kerr Center for Sustainable provides placement for farm stays of various Agriculture types and lengths. P.O. Box 588 Poteau, OK 74953 Farallones Institute Rural Center Contact: Ken Williams, Education 15290 Coleman Valley Road Coordinator Occidental, CA 95465 (918) 647-9123 Farallones has offered numerous work- The Kerr Center is a private non-profit shops, classes, seminars, conferences and research ranch and farm with 4,150 acres of programs of study for college credit since its pastures, woodlands, and waterways. Educa- inception in 1974. Some offerings include tional programs include classes, internships, organic gardening, edible landscape design, and seminars. Internship programs run from whole systems planning, and appropriate three months to one year and provide practical technology. ecological farming experience. Interns also contribute to a newsletter and help develop Frank P. Graham Experimental Farm and educational materials. Training Center Route 1, Box 95 Wadesboro, NC 28170 A free training program is riin for disad- vantaged rural people on this 650-acre farm. Sustainable farming methods for small families are emphasized. 78 Educational Opportunities

The Land Institute Maple Farm 2440 East Water Well Road Old Hardwick Road Salina, KS 67401 Barre, MA 01005 Contact: Dana Jackson Contact: Peter Wartiainen, Jr. (913) 823-5376 (617) 355-4092 Internship positions last ten months and Apprenticeships are offered year-round on begin in February. Applications should be this organic homestead which raises roosters, received by December 1 for the following year. hens, pigs, bees, vegetables, apples, straw- Curriculum includes discussions on assigned berries, blueberries, and raspberries. readings, agricultural research, and mainte- nance of the facilities and equipment. Topics Meadowcreek Project include plains ecology and genetics related to 1 Meadowcreek Road sustainable agriculture. Applicants should Fox, AR 72051 have, or be close to finishing, a Bachelor's (501) 363-4500 degree. A small stipend is provided for living Interns are provided with both classroom expenses. and field experience in sustainable agriculture, alternative energy, and agroforestry. Living Resources Company P.O. Box 76 Michigan Land Trustees Citrus Heights, CA 95611-0076 R.R. 2, Box 316 Contact: Steven M. Zien Bangor, MI 49013 (916) 726-5377 Contact: Maynard Kaufman Courses in ecological horticulture, lectures, Workshops and apprenticeships are and consultations are available. available in ecological agriculture.

Maine Organic Farmers & Gardeners Middle Atlantic Workers on Organic Farms Association 1601 Lakeside Avenue, Apt. 6 P.O. Box 2176, Department H Richmond, VA 23228 Augusta, ME 04338 Contact: Jeanne Nye Contact: Jay Adams (804) 798-8107 (207) 622-3118 Information is provided about working The apprenticeship program places indi- farm stays for periods from one day to several viduals on working organic farms throughout months in the mid-Atlantic states. Maine. Natural Organic Farmers Association Malachite School and Small Farm (NOFA) A.S.R. 21 Pass Creek Road P.O. Box 454 Gardner, CO 81040 Ithaca, NY 14851 Contact: Alan Mace, Director Contact: Patricia Kane (719) 746-2412 (607)648-5557 Apprenticeships and internships are offered Information and a list of working farm in organic gardening, experimental crop stays in New York is provided. Additionally, production, beekeeping, kitchen arts, farming NOFA offers workshops, demonstrations, and with horses, barnyard animals, and wood winter and summer conferences. working. There are also five-week "Farm Introduction Courses" offered two times each summer. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 79

New Alchemy Institute Internship Program Old Mill Farm School of Country Living 237 Hatchville Road P.O. Box 463 East Falmouth, MA 02536 Mendocino, CA 95460 (508) 564-6301 Contact: Chuck Hinsch Two to six month internships are available (707) 937-0244 throughout the year specializing in areas such A nonprofit organization offering an as: resource-efficient housing and landscape alternative form of education to individuals or design; organic market gardening; greenhouse families who want to experience farm life. horticulture; composting; permaculture design; Located on 320 acres surrounded by Jackson and integrated pest management. The State (Redwood) Forest, this working farm and internships combine hands-on experience and educational center emphasizes alternative classroom work and are designed for third-year energy, biodynamic intensive raised bed college students or non-students with equiva- gardening, grains, herbs, fruit trees, sheep, lent experience. goats, fowl, bees, and sustainable forestry practices. Opportunities include short stays, New England Small Farm Institute apprenticeships, and internships. P.O. Box 937 Belchertown, MA 01007 Organic Gardening Apprenticeship Contact: Kathryn Ruhf Program (413) 323-4531 Rodale Institute Apprenticeship training is available on 33 East Minor Street organic farms in the New England area. Emmaus,PA 18049 Information is provided on working farm New England Workers on Organic Farms stays. c/o New England Small Farm Institute P.O. Box 937 Ozark Small Farm Viability Project Belchertown, MA 01007 HCR72,Box35 ' Contact: Judith Gillan Parthenon, AR 72666 (413) 323-4531 (501) 446-5783 A list of NOFA-certified farmers with The project helps sponsor a limited number internships available is provided. of apprentices on Ozark farms. Preference is given to area residents or those who wish to New York Workers On Farms farm in the area. 4 Lake Lacoma Drive Pittsford,NY 14535 People, Food, and Land Foundation Information is available regarding working 35751 Oak Springs Drive farm stays in New York. Sun Mountain Land Trust Tollhouse, CA 93667 Ohio Ecological Food and Farm Association Contact: George Ballis Farm Apprenticeship Program (209) 855-3710 65 Plymouth Street Workshops on low-input, low-water, and Plymouth, OH 44865 organic farming are offered. There is also a (419) 687-7665 demonstrational organic farm and a newsletter Information is provided regarding working published. farm stays. 80 Educational Opportunities

Permaculture Society for Agricultural Training Through P.O. Box 16683 Integrated Volunteer Activities Wichita, KS 67216 Route 2, Box 242W Contact: Dan Hemenway, Founder Viola, WI 54664 Lectures, workshops, and permaculture Contact: Steven Freer design courses are offered. Internship posi- (608) 625-2217 tions are available to people enrolled in the The society will provide information on Advanced Permaculture Training programs. work exchange opportunities in ecological The internships provide training in writing for farming throughout the Midwest. Farm stays publications, teaching, marketing, fund raising, may range from a weekend to several weeks and other organizational functions. with food and lodging supplied in return for labor. The Putney School Elm Lea Farm Sonnewald Educational Homestead Putney, VT 05346 R.D. #1, Box 1508 Contact: Julia Chickering Spring Grove, PA 17362 (802) 387-5566 Contact: Grace Lefever The Summer Program on this 500-acre (717) 225-3456 organic farm offers internships and weekend This 60-acre, family-operated organic organic gardening workshops. homestead offers apprenticeships and informa- tion on food preparation and nutrition. The Resources for the Future homestead also includes a natural food store. Office of the Vice President BoxS Southern Organic Apprenticeship Program 1616 P Street NW P.O. Box 54 Washington, D.C. 20036 Utopia, TX 78884 (202) 328-5022 Contact: Mark Hall, Director Summer interns help staff with projects (512) 966-3724 ranging from technical studies to applied policy A newsletter provides information for analyses. apprenticeship positions throughout the Southern United States. Rodale Research Center 611 Siegfriedale Road Stoneybrook-Millstone Watershed Kutztown.PA 19530 Association Contact: Dennis Scholl Route 2, Box 263A (215) 683-6383 Titus Mill Road Internships are offered in farming systems, Pennington, NJ 08534 new crops, horticulture/entomology, corporate Contact: Helen Atthowe, Farm Director visitor, and computer modeling programs. (609) 737-9183 Apprentices are trained in vegetable, egg, Shelbume Farms Resources honey, herb, flower, strawberry, and sheep Shelbume, VT 05842 production. Internships are also offered and run Contact: David Barash, Director of Education from April until October. Practical and Apprenticeships, internships, and volunteer classroom experience is provided in such areas training are provided in their Brown Swiss as soil analysis and basic soil chemistry, green dairy and cheese plant, bakery, market garden, manures, organic fertilizer preparation and managed woodlots, portable sawmill, and application, planting design, intercropping, furniture shop. companion planting, insect and disease A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 81 identification and life cycles, IPM techniques, Directories of Information and basic ecology. Housing is provided on this nature preserve. Alternative Farming Systems Information Sunny Valley Foundation Center 4 Sunny Valley Lane National Agricultural Library, Room 111 New Milford, CT 06776 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Contact: Steven Kafka BeltsviUe, MD 20705 (203) 355-3715 (301) 344-3704 Internships are offered in research and The AFSIC offers two directories of farm activities in conjunction with a small- information on sustainable agriculture scale dairy production system. Housing and a opportunities: Educational and Training small stipend is also provided. Opportunities in Sustainable Agriculture (April 1991) and List of Organizations Sunshower Concerned with Organic Farming, Garden- 48548 - 60th Avenue ing, and Horticulture (September 1989) are Lawrence, MI 49064 available free; send a self-addressed adhesive Contact: Paul Schultz, Owner label to the address listed above. (616) 674-3103 Apprenticeships at this 80-acre fruit and Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural vegetable farm are offered. Areas (ATTRA) P.O. Box 3657 Tillers Small Farm Program Fayetteville, AR 72702 7000 North Westridge Avenue (800) 346-9140 Kalamazoo, MI 49007 ATTRA has four resource lists to aid (616) 381-0727 networking in sustainable agriculture. For Ten-week summer and fall internships are copies, contact ATTRA and request the offered through the Tillers Small Farm following titles: 1. Internships, Apprentice- Program. Emphasis is on farming with animal ships, and Curricula in Sustainable Agricul- power, including oxen and draft horses. ture, 2. Sustainable Agriculture Organizations and Publications, 3. University Programs and Windstar Foundation Contacts in Sustainable Agriculture, 4. Videos, P.O. Box 286 Slides, and Tapes on Sustainable Agriculture. Snowmass, CO 91654 There is no charge for these publications. Contact: Mary Trahan (303) 927-4778 Bio-Dynamic Farming and Gardening Summer internships, apprenticeships, and Association workshops are offered. Practical experience is P.O. Box 550 complemented by readings, lectures, and Kimberton,PA 19442 discussions on all aspects of sustainable (215) 327-2420 agriculture. The Bio-Dynamic Magazine, a quarterly magazine, regularly prints information regard- ing educational opportunities in Bio-Dynamic farming. 82 Educational Opportunities

International Educational France Nature Et Progres, Liste Des Stages and Work Opportunities 55 Rue de Vaugirord F-75006 Paris Australia Willing Workers on Organic Farms HoUand (WWOOF) De Kleine Aarde Munsel 17 7 Duncan Avenue Postbus 151 Boronia, Victoria 3155 5280 AD Boxtel c/o G. van den Berg Australia The Netherlands WWOOF Mt. Murrindal Co-op Hungary Buchan, Victoria 3885 1056 Budapest, Molnar u.9. c/o Lionel Pollard c/o F. Fruhwald, Magyar Biokertmuvelok Orszagos Kluba, Belvarosi Ifjusagi Haz Australia WWOOF Hygenic Community Network P.O. Box 789 1231-A Oxford Street Fremantle, 6160, WA Berkeley, CA 94709 Has information on listings in the U.S., Belgium Canada, Central and South America. WEEBIO Chaupregeid 64 International Farm Placement Service B-4081, Cherron St. John's College c/o Dellisse Adophe Annapolis, MD 21404 c/o Bruce Dempster Canada This organization helps to arrange work- Willing Workers on Organic Farms - WWOOF stays among members of WWOOF's in Maritimes England, Australia, and the U.S. Information is Paradise Lake Farm RR also available on how to establish a regional Bridgetown, Nova Scotia BOS 100 apprenticeship program. c/o J. Vanden Henvez Ireland Denmark Carrigleigh, Shanballymore VHH Nr. Mallow, County Cork Garsdalsveg 30 c/o Gill Wenlock 8800 Viborg c/o Inna Busck-Petersen Ireland WWOOF EIRE England Ballymore, Tuambraney, Co. Qare WWOOF c/o Annie Sampson 19 Bradford Road Lewes, E. Sussex BN7 1RB Israel The England office also publishes and sells 12 Devora Street the "Directory of Organizations & Training in Beer Shera the U.K. Organic Movement - and other c/o J. Bar-Or Relevant Bodies." A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 83

Japan Kibbutz Akan Shin Shizen Juku Nakasetsuri, Akan Gun Hokkaido 085-12 c/o Mose Matsuba

New Zealand WWOOF 188 Collingwood Street Nelson c/o Tony West

Norway Norwegian Alternative Farming Society Altemativ Jordbruk 9, 5000 Bergen c/o Herman Fossgt

Spain INTEGRAL Paseo Maragall 371 Barcelona 32

United Kingdom Inter-WWOOF Waungron, Cefn-y-Pant Login, Whitland, Dyfed Wales SA34 OTS c/o Jean and John Myers and Jinny Thomas

West Germany WWOOF Stittinger Str. 3 D-6301 Pohleim 84 Educational Opportunities

NOTES

"Training is everything. The peach was once a bitter almond; cauliflower is nothing but cabbage with a college education." Mark Twain A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 85 PEST MANAGEMENT General References Vegetation Management Plant Disease Management Wy' Insect Management Nematode Management WV'l x &■■ ^^"^,' im^^^ A

1 he Pest Management section of this guide is divided into five sections: General References, Vegeta- tion, Plant Disease, Insect, and Nematode Management. The first section lists sources of pest manage- ment strategies with a combination of disease, weed, insect or nematode management approaches. Each of the next four sections also contains a "general references" section that features broad-based information sources for the specified type of pests, followed by specific types of pest management approaches. The Table of Contents provides a complete description of the contents of each section.

Biometeorology in Integrated Pest General References Management - Conference Proceedings J.L. Hatfield and I.J. Thomason, Editors Biological Control by Natural Enemies 1982 PaulDeBach 1974 The proceedings of a 1982 conference DeBach traces the historical background of contain contributions from entomologists, plant biological control and examines some well- pathologists, and weed scientists. One of the known examples in the USA. Discusses on goals of this conference was to introduce the how some pesticides disrupt natural enemy topic of microclimates in agricultural systems populations is included. in order to describe what is known about the Publisher: environment in which pests live. Chapters are Cambridge University Press included on the management of plant patho- 32 East 57th Street gens, radiation quality and plant diseases, and New York, NY 10022 plant canopy modification impacts on plant (800) 872-7423 disease incidence. $81. Published by: Academic Press 1250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101 (800)321-5068 86 Pest Management

Common-Sense Pest Control Gardening at a Glance: The Organic William Olkowski, Sheila Daar, and Gardener's Handbook on Vegetables, Helga Olkowski 1991 Fruits, Nuts, and Herbs Tanya Denckla 1991 The book offers information on integrated pest management (IPM) in a variety of situa- The handbook consists of listings of tions including indoor plantings, non-horticul- vegetables, fruits, and herbs including impor- tural pests, and landscape IPM. Also offered tant cultivars, cultural recommendations, is some basic taxonomy and ecology informa- significant pests and diseases, harvesting tion, direct vs. indirect pest suppression of instructions, storage requirements, and mis- pests, and information about various pesti- cellaneous notes. The chapter on organic cides, including organic and inorganic options. remedies provides an up-to-date list of non- $39.95. chemical methods of control. Comprehensive Published by: charts showing characteristics of fruit tree Tauton Press rootstocks are also included. $22.95. 63 South Main Street, Box 5506 Published by: Newtown, CT 06740-5506 Wooden Angel Publishing P.O. Box 869 Encyclopedia of Natural Insect Control and Franklin, WV 26807 Disease Control (304) 358-2046 Roger Yepson, Editor 1984 Insect-Plant Interactions A reference book which details manage- E.A. Bemays, Editor 1989 ment of many insect and disease problems on a large variety of horticultural crops, flowers, The whole spectrum of research including trees and lawns with low chemical input. molecular and chemical aspects, and behavior, Tables on resistant varieties are included. physiology, and ecology are discussed in this $24.95. textbook. $65. Published by: Published by: Rodale Press Inc. CRC Press 33 Minor Street 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W. Emmaus, PA 18098 Boca Raton, FL 33431 (215) 967-5171 (800) 272-7737

Fruit, Berry, and Nut Inventory Knott's Handbook for Vegetable Growers - Kent Whealy, Editor 1989 Third Edition O.A. Lorenz and D.N. Maynard 1988 A complete listing of mail-order nursery A comprehensive reference book providing catalogs which sell fruit, nut, and berry variet- information on the production, storage, and ies. A good reference for locating varieties marketing of vegetables. Information on which are adapted for a specific climate or are integrated pest management, soil solarization, resistant to specific diseases or pests. $19. row covers, polyethylene mulches is also Available from: included. $37.50. Seed Saver Publishers Publisher: Route 3, Box 239 John Wiley & Sons Inc. Decorah, LA 52101 605 Third Avenue (319) 382-5990 New York, NY 10158-0012 (800) 879-4539 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 87

Multiple Cropping Pests of the Garden and Small Farm: A American Society of Agronomy 1976 Grower's Guide to Using Less Pesticide Mary Louise Hint 1990 Reviews multiple cropping and inter- cropping patterns in various regions of the A good general reference book which world. Papers include information on soil includes guidelines on the identification, fertility management, radiation and micro- biology, and management of almost 100 climate, adapted varieties, machinery adapta- insects, mites, diseases, nematodes, and weeds. tions, integrated pest management, and strip The introductory section on pest management intercropping for wind protection. $12. also includes useful information on solariza- Available from: tion, row covers, pest barriers, and intercrop- American Society of Agronomy ping. While the title mentions the book is for 677 South Segoe Road "gardens and small farms" the information Madison, WI 53711-1086 provided offers much for larger-scale opera- (608) 273-8080 tions. $30.

Multiple Cropping Systems Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Charles A. Francis, Editor 1986 Crops - Second edition Adel A. Kader, Editor 1992 Reviews multiple cropping from a world- wide perspective. Includes discussions on A guide to the most effective measures to ecological, physical, and agronomic principles; protect produce from injury and spoilage on the research methods; management practices; way to market. The book focuses on most food economic and socio-cultural considerations; crops and ornamentals, and describes specific specific crops and future research objectives. pests, storage techniques, and methods of $44.95. quick-cooling produce to prevent damage. The Available from: book is an excellent resource. Publication agAccess #3311 sells for $45. P.O. Box 2008 Both available from: Davis, CA 95617 Publications (916) 756-7177 University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources The Orchard Almanac, A Spraysaver Guide 6701 San Pablo Avenue Steve Page and Joe Smillie 1986 Oakland, CA 94608-1239 (510) 642-2431 Alternative management techniques are presented in an almanac format allowing Rodale's Garden Insect, Disease, and Weed growers to easily determine what should be Identification Guide done at a given time of year. $10.95. Miranda Smith and Anna Carr 1988 Available from: Spraysaver Publishers Includes descriptions and illustrations of RRl,Box945 many different insects, diseases, weeds, and Morrill, ME 04952 their resulting damage. $16.95. (207) 342-5471 Published by: Rodale Press, Inc. 33 East Minor Street Emmaus, PA 18092 (800) 527-8200 88 Pest Management

Small Fruit Pests: Biology, Diagnosis, and Published by: Management AVI Publishing Company Washington State University 1991 115 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 1003-1004 A 20-page booklet with excellent color (212) 254-3232 illustrations of pests and damage symptoms. Publication number WAEB 1388 sells for $3. Western Fruits, Berries, and Nuts Available from: Lance Walheim and Robert L. Stebbins Washington State University publica- 1981 tions department. See the University Resources section of this guide for Includes information on pruning, fertiliza- ordering information. tion, cultural and climatic requirements of trees. Also contains very extensive and Small Fruit Crop Management thorough varietal descriptions such as growing G.J. Galletta and D.G. Himelrick, Editors zones, maturity dates, and disease resistance. 1990 A section on tropical and unusual species is included. $14.95. Presents up-to-date recommendations for Published by: growing strawberries, raspberries, black- Price Stem Sloan, Inc. berries, currants and gooseberries, blueberries, 360 North La Cienega Blvd. cranberries, grapes, kiwi fruits, elderberries, Los Angeles, CA 90048 highbush cranberries, and serviceberries. (800) 421-0892 Included are current cultivars, training tech- niques, and pest and disease management Extension Publications techniques. $50. See the University Resources section of Published by: this guide for ordering information. Prentice Hall 15 Columbus Circle Oregon State University New York, NY 10023 (800) 223-2348 Grape Cultivars For Your Home Garden EC 1309 Tree Fruit Production Growing Hazelnuts in Oregon EC 1219 B.J.E. Teskey and J.S. Shoemaker 1972 Growing Rhubarb in Oregon EC 797 Presents growing techniques for the Growing Tree Fruits and Nuts in the Home principal deciduous tree fruit crops including Orchard EC 819 apples, pears, peaches, cherries, plums, apricots, and nectarines. Propagation methods, Oregon Potato Variety Trials CI 678 cultivars, site selection, orchard establishment, Raspberry Cultivars For Oregon EC 1310 orchard floor management, pruning, pest control, pollination, fertilization, thinning, Selecting Peach Varieties for the Willamette harvesting, packing, storage, and shipping are Valley EC 1181 discussed. A separate chapter discusses dwarf Sweet Cherry Varieties and Pollenizers for pome fruits, emphasizing some of the unique Oregon FS57 problems and cultural practices relevant to dwarf trees. $37.95. Using Leaf Analysis to Diagnose Nutrient Disorders in Tree Fruits and Small Fruits FS118 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 89

Washington State University Pacific Northwest Extension Publications

Apple Cultivars for Puget Sound EB 1436 Choosing Pear Rootstocks for the Pacific $8 Northwest PNW 341 25e Cranberry Insect and Disease Control Commercial Red Raspberry Production Program EB0845 $1.50 PNW 176 $1 Evaluation of Selected Vineyard Sites in Cranberry Production in the Pacific North- Washington State XB 0908 Free west PNW 247 $7.50 Golden Delicious Apples for High Quality Gala: A New Early-Maturing Apple and Maximum Storage Life EM 3496 25<5 Variety PNW 319 25e Granny Smith: An Important Apple for the Growing Walnuts in the Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest EB0814 25c PNW 235 50e High Quality Red Delicious Apples for Late Highbush Blueberry Production PNW 125 Season Marketing EM 3033 50e $1 Organic Gardening EB0648 750 Nutrient Disorders in Tree Fruits PNW 121 25c Pear Production AH 0526 25«: Rootstocks for Apple in the Pacific North- Rootstocks for Sweet Cherries EB 1150 west PNW 208 25c 25e Small Fruits and Berries: Insect and University of California Publications Disease Control for Home Gardens EB 1015 25e Cling Peach Production 1968 No. 2455 Various methods of cultivation, fertilization, Small Fruit Pests: Biology, Diagnosis and cover crop use, and propping. 50c Management EB 1388 $3 Commercial Apple Growing in California Sweet Com Varieties for Western 1983 No. 2456 How to establish and manage Washington EB 0908 25* an apple orchard: planning, varieties and Survey of Literature on Red Strains of rootstocks, pruning, thinning, irrigation, 'Delicious' EB 1515 50

Growing Boysenberries and Olallie Black- Soil Solarization: A Nonchemical Method berries 1982 No. 2441 Aspects of commer- for Controlling Diseases and Pests 1984 cial production: establishment costs, disease No. 21377 $1 and insect control, and harvesting problems. Strawberry Production in California 1989 $1.25 No. 2959 Describes growth and management Growing Shipping Peaches and Nectarines requirements. $1.75 in California 1983 No. 2851 Varieties, site Vegetable Varieties for Home Gardeners preparation, cultural practices, pest and disease 1988 No. 21444 Includes specific disease control, and postharvest handling. $2 resistant varieties along with tips on their Growing Zucchini and Other Summer growth habits. $1 Squashes 1985 No. 2641 Varieties, climatic Walnut Orchard Management 1985 No. needs, pest control, pollination, and harvest. 21410 Offers practical considerations of $1 culture, disease and pest management, harvest- Insect and Disease Management in the Home ing, and handling. $21.50 Orchard 1981 No. 21262 Identification, damage, and control in deciduous fruit and nut trees. $2.25 Integrated Pest Management for Cole Crops and Lettuce 1985 No. 3307 Covers lettuce, broccoli, cabbage, brussel sprouts, and cauli- flower. Exceptional sections on diseases and physiological disorders. $17 Integrated Pest Management for Potatoes in the Western United States 1986 No. 3316 Guides diagnosis and treatment of many pests and disorders. Exceptional sections on diseases and physiological disorders. $17 Integrated Pest Management for Tomatoes "Farming always has the greatest 1990 No. 3274 $17 capacity for exposing one's Integrated Pest Management for Walnuts ignorance." 1987 No. 3270 Identification, life cycles, and Fred Kirschenmann control of vertebrate, insect, and other arthro- pod, disease, nematode, and weed pests. $17 Peaches, Plums, and Nectarines: Growing and Handling for Fresh Market 1989 No. 3331 Practical information is offered on production from orchard selection site to distribution. $42.50 Pest and Disease Control Guide for Vegetable Seed Crops 1976 No. 2798 $1 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 91

Common Weeds of the United States Vegetation USDA 1970 A useful, hands-on identification guide and Management source of information on weeds of the continen- General References tal United States. Included are drawings of Cover Crops, Green Manures, plant flowers, fruit, seeds, and capsules. Additional information is provided on botany, and Living Mulches habitat, area, peculiarities.and origin. $8.95. Herbicide Resistance in Weeds Publisher: Allelopathy Dover Publications, Inc. 180 Varick Street Biological Control of Weeds New York, NY 10014 Animals (800) 223-3130 Flaming Non-Living Mulches Growers Weed Management Guide H.M. Kempen 1989

A comprehensive, integrated weed manage- ment guide for major irrigated crops such as An integrated management system field crops, vegetables, orchards, grapes and considers all options available for vegetation non-crop sites. There are special sections management and weed control including which cover weed management, herbicide mechanical, cultural, biological, and chemical carryover, effects of soil and irrigation, and methods. The following sections include herbicide safety usage. $25. information on the above, excluding chemical Publisher: options since there is extensive information Thomson Publications already available on this subject. Another P.O. Box 9335 component which enhances an integrated weed Fresno, CA 93791 management system is proper identification; (209) 435-2163 resources on weed identification are listed in the General References section below. Northwest Weeds R.J.Taylor 1990 General References The most common weeds of the northwest- Biological Methods of Weed Control ern U.S. and Canada are included in this K. Brunetti, D.M. Maddox, and publication. Each weed is represented by a S.S. Rosenthal 1984 full-color photograph and description which includes origin, range, aggressiveness, and Monograph No. 1, from the California edibility. $12.95. Weed Conference held in 1984. Publisher: Available from: Mountain Press Publishing Company California Weed Conference P.O. Box 2399 6650 Belleau Wood Lane, Suite 209 Missoula, MT 59806 Sacramento, CA 95822 (800) 234-2054 92 Pest Management

Principles of Plant and Animal Pest Control: Weeds: Control Without Poisons Weed Control Charles Walter, Jr. 1991 Volume 2 1968 Available from: Information regarding alternatives to National Academy of Sciences chemical weed control and descriptions of 2101 Constitution Avenue NW weeds are included. Other topics include using Washington, D.C. 20418 weeds as indicators of soil health, fertility, and (202) 334-3180 organic matter content. $17 plus $2 shipping. Available from: Principles of Weed Control in California In Good Tilth Bookstore Edward Kurtz, Editor 1985 Oregon Tilth 31615 Fern Road A comprehensive collection of weed Philomath, OR 97370 management strategies including cultural, (503)929-6742 office mechanical, biological, and chemical methods. (503)929-6743 FAX Weed control in agronomic crops, horticultural crops, ornamentals, turfgrass, forests, range- Weed-Crop Competition: A Review lands, Christmas trees, non-cropland, and R.L. Zimdahl 1980 aquatic areas are discussed. $36.95. Publisher: Discusses the different aspects of light, Thomson Publications water, and nutrient competition; effects of P.O. Box 9335 weed densities; influences of plant arrangement Fresno, CA 93791 in the community; and influence of seeding (209) 435-2163 rate, tillage, and crop sequence. For more information: Survey of Weed Problems and Management IPPC Technologies in Organic Agriculture Cordley Hall Edwin McLeod and Sean Swezey Oregon State University Available from: Corvallis, OR 97331-3904 Organic Agriculture Research Institute (503) 737-3541 P.O. Box 475 Graton, CA 95444 Weed-Crop Ecology: Principles in Weed Management Weed Control RJ.Aldrich 1984 A.S. Crafts 1975 Available from: The ecological principles of weed manage- University of California Press ment are outlined. Information on weed 2120 Berkeley Way biology and ecology with an emphasis on Berkeley, CA 94720 prevention and use of "threshold values" for (800) 226-6657 establishing weed suppression goals is in- cluded. $46. Publisher: Breton Publishers North Scituate, MA A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 93

Weeds of the West Biological Control of Tansy Ragwort Western Society of Weed Science 1991 Oregon Department of Agriculture 1977

More than 900 color photographs of more A short bulletin describing biological than 350 species of weeds for the twelve control measures to control tansy ragwort. Western states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Weed Control Bulletin No. 1, 1977. Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New All three available from: Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Oregon Department of Agriculture Wyoming) are included in this book. Early Weed Control growth stages, mature plants, habitat, and 635 Capitol Street NE important identification features are described. Salem, OR 97310 The book has a 6-by-9 inch format with a waterproof, paperback cover. $19.50. A Integrated Plant Protection Center (IPPQ computer program designed to assist readers Papers identify species illustrated in Weeds of the West is available; see the Databases and A collection of original papers, presenta- Computer Software section of this guide for tions, and reprints related to pest and pesticide more information. management, and international agricultural Available from: development are available. Additions to the Local bookstores and the WSU collection are on-going. Single copies are Bulletin Office, see the University available free, send a self-addressed stamped Resources section for ordering envelope; for quantity orders contact IPPC information regarding cost.

A Guide to Selected Weeds of Oregon No. l-B-1976 Approaches to weed control La Rea J. Dennis, R.B. Hawkes, and in cropping systems D.L. Plucknett, et. al. T.D.Whitson 1985 Reprinted from: 1976 Cropping Systems Symposium of the International Rice Research A loose-leaf manual designed to be put in a Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines binder, of color photographs and text describ- ing 96 different weeds that present problems to No. 8-B-1979 Aquatic plants and their agriculture and other activities. Price (includes control R.C. Hiltibran. Reprinted from: shipping): $15 in Oregon, $16 out-of-state. Weeds Today, Vol. 10, No. 1, Winter 1979

A Guide to Selected Weeds of Oregon - No. ll-B-1980 The next revolution in weed Supplement I control R.U. Whedon. Reprinted from: L. Burrill, La Rea J. Dennis, and Agrichemical Age, July-August, 1976 R.B. Hawkes 1989 No. 12-B-1980 Controlling scrubweeds with A loose-leaf supplement to A Guide to goats G.J. Batten. Reprinted from: NZ Selected Weeds of Oregon. Contains color Journal of Agriculture, October 1979 photographs of 48 additional weeds posing a threat to Oregon's agriculture and economy. No. 15-B-1981 Perspectives and priorities in Price (includes shipping): $10 in Oregon; $11 weed research and control S.L. Everist. for out-of-state orders. Reprinted from: Australian Weeds, Vol. 1, No. 1 94 Pest Management

No. 16-B-1982 Weed control in integrated Com Cockle FS 36 crop protection W.H. Vanden Born. Re- Matchweed FS 43 printed from: Agriculture and Forestry Bulle- tin, Vol. 5, No. 3,1982 Narrow-leaved Milkweed FS 44

No. 19-B-1980 The biology, control, and Purple Filaree FS 45 utilization of aquatic weeds L. Holm and R. Purple Mustard FS 46 Yeo. Reprinted from: Weeds Today, various issues, 1980-81 Scouring Rush FS 47 Shoestring Weed FS 48 Technical Assistance Bulletin #1 Simple Device Helps Small Farmers Improve Weed Wild Oats FS 51 Control and Gain More Crops. A U.S. Canada Thistle FS 205 Agency for International Development (USAID) supported project has developed a Com Gromwell FS 206 simple device consisting of a shield attached to Transfer of Cinnabar Moth Larvae FS 252 the nozzle of a knapsack sprayer for directing sprays in small areas. Spray shields improve Weed Control in Alfalfa FS 267 cost efficiency, effectiveness, and safety. The Complete Set of Weed Fact Sheets bulletin describes how to make the spray FS WEEDS shield. Available from: Biological Control of Insects and Weeds in IPPC Oregon TB 90 Cordley Hall Distribution, Growth Habits, and Control of Oregon State University German Velvetgrass in Western Oregon TB Corvallis, OR 97331 107 (503) 737-3541 Ecology and Plant Communities of the Weed Management in Agroecosystems Riparian Area Associated with Catherine M.A. Altieri and M. Uebman 1988 Creek in Northeastern Oregon TB 147 Published by: CRC Press Washington State University Extension 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W. Publications: Boca Raton, FL 33431 (800) 272-7737 Dodder and its Control F 2267 25(5 Extension Publications Canada Thistle Control EB 0780 25e See the University Resources section of Control of Aquatic Weeds EB 0928 75e this guide for ordering information. Quackgrass Control in Croplands EB 1060 Oregon State University Extension 25

Control of Volunteer Crop Plants EB 1523 Nightshade Biology and Control in the 25

Video Tapes Adopt-A-Lake Rehabilitation Program See the Video Tapes and Other Media The Adopt-A-Lake program started in Offerings section of this guide for ordering 1985 when the Fly Fishing Qub, working in information. conjunction with the Weed Board, Okanogen County, and the Washington Sate Department Noxious Weeds of Oregon: A Growing of Wildlife "adopted" Round, Ell, and Long Concern Lakes. These areas were initially treated with herbicides purchased by the Fly Fishing Qub Washington State Resources for the control of diffuse knapweed. Since then, this group has annually raised money and Washington State Noxious Weed Control "adopted" additional areas which include the Board areas around Aeneas, Chopaka, Green, and The Board serves in an advisory capacity Conconully Lakes. Long-range management to the Department of Agriculture on matters plans strive towards the rehabilitation of these concerning noxious weed control in the state of areas which includes practices such as the Washington. In Washington, noxious weed application of a nitrogen-sulfur based fertilizer, control is a shared responsibility among the hand pulling, seeding plants, and spot treat- Noxious Weed Control Board, the Washington ment herbicide applications. The benefits from State Department of Agriculture, 41 county this program include the cooperative work noxious weed control boards and weed dis- efforts from county, state, and private citizens, tricts, and the landowner. One of the major as well as the long-term benefits derived by responsibilities is to compile and publish a people visiting these areas and future State Noxious Weed List at least every year. generations. The weeds on this list are classed into A, B, and C categories depending on the seriousness Biological Control Program of the threat they pose to the area. Biological control has been practiced since 1974 in Okanogan County with the release of Information and services available from the the knapweed seed fly, Urophora affinis. Washington State Weed Board include: Since that time there have been other host- 4* Weed identification expertise specific bioagents released for control of 4» Field demonstrations and public seminars diffuse and spotted Knapweed, goatweed, musk 4» Individual weed control consultation thistle, Russian knapweed, and puncturevine. 4» Integrated pest management information The objective of this project is to continue 4* Free weed identification, control, and related introduction of biocontrol agents over larger information geographic areas with emphasis on higher •i* Posters and displays for public use elevation and more inaccessible areas. Specific 4* Extensive weed herbarium areas will also be established for the coloniza- 4* Public Education Program tion of biological agents for future distribution For more information contact: and may also be used for educational and Washington State Noxious Weed training facilities. Control Board 1313 West Meeker Street, Suite 111 Kent, WA 98032 Executive Secretary: Catherine Hovanic (206) 872-6480 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 97

Cover Crops, Green Manures The Clover Project and Living Mulches The project began in 1979 to gather information on natural farming techniques for the Northwest. Six reports were originally General References published in the Tilth journal, but reprints can be obtained from Washington Tilth. Informa- An Assessment of Current Activities on the tion in the articles includes: the role of grass Use of Legumes for Soil Improvement in and clover in agriculture; Masanobu World Cropping Systems Fukuoka's visit to North America; seed Marianne Sarrantonio 1989 pelleting; intercropping grains and clover; and natural farming tools and techniques. $10 Major findings of an assessment under- (plus tax for Washington residents). taken to identify key programs and technolo- Available from: gies worldwide that utilize legumes in order to Washington Tilth improve physical, chemical, and biological P.O. Box 10813 properties of the soil are presented. Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Available from: (206) 842-5612 Rodale Research Center & Institute 222 Main Street Cover Crops for California Agriculture Emmaus,PA 18099-0015 P.R. Miller, W.L. Graves, W.A. Williams, (215) 967-5171 and B.A. Madson 1989

Basics of Green Manuring and-Crop Contains topics on using cover crops for Rotation Bulletin #4 EricSideman soil improvement, selecting cover crops, Available from: growing and working in cover crops, biological Maine Organic Farmers and Gardeners interactions, and an appendix on cover crop Association management systems. $3.50 (publication P.O. Box 2176 #21471). Also available in Spanish Augusta, ME 04330 (Agronomy Progress Report #219). English version available from: Crop Residue Management for ANR Publications Conservation University of California Soil and Water Conservation Society 6701 San Pablo Avenue (SWCS) 1992 Oakland, CA 94608-1238 (510) 642-1239 Discusses crop residue management technology. Information on the conservation Spanish version available from: compliance implementation challenges included Agronomy and Range Science in the 1985 and 1990 Farm Bills is presented. Extension 49 pages. $10 postpaid. University of California Available from: Davis, CA 95616 SWCS 7515 NE Ankeny Road Ankeny, IA 50021-9764 (800) 843-7645 98 Pest Management

Cover Crop Guide Food and Feed Crops of the United States Bob Hofstetter January 1988 J.R. Magness, G.M. Markle, and C.C. Cbmpton 1971 Information on use of grasses, legumes, and legume-grass mixes as cover crops. Contains a list and description of legume Available from: forage and pasture crops. The New Farm Available from: Box 14 Communications Center Emmaus.PA 18099-0014 New Jersey Agricultural Experiment (215) 967-5171 Station College of Agriculture and Cover Crop Hotline Environmental Science Subscription to the Hotline includes Rutgers University personal telephone consulting with staff New Brunswick, NJ 08903 agronomists, research reports, the quarterly newsletter, a copy of the cover crop guide, and Forage Legume Conference, Proceedings access to a 24-hour hotline. Membership is R.L. Dalrymple, Editor $150 per year. For more information: Contains a chapter on the use and adapta- Cover Crop Hotline tion of legume varieties. The New Farm For more information contact: 222 Main Street Agricultural Division Emmaus,PA 18098 Noble Foundation Route 1 Feed the Soil Ardmore, OK 73401 Edwin McLeod 1982 A Gardener's Guide to Fava Beans Describes many cover crop species both DeniseAckert 1989 common and uncommon. Also discusses subjects which would affect the choice and A comprehensive pamphlet which cultivation of a cover crop such as moisture describes the history, types of favas, cultiva- relations, soil nutrient composition, and pests. tion, sowing, harvesting, saving of seed, A non-technical coverage of green manure storage, seed selection, and nutritional and crops for farmers and gardeners is included. - culinary information. Available for $2. (Free $12.95. with purchase of 2 or more pounds of Available from: AproSelect fava beans). Organic Agriculture Research Institute Available from: P.O. Box 475 Aprovecho Institute Graton, CA 95444 80574 Hazelton Road (707) 823-5106 Cottage Grove, OR 97424 (503) 942-9434 A Sustainable AgricuUure Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 99

Green Manuring: Principles and Practice Guide to Sustainable Agriculture in the Otto Schmidt and Ruedi Klay 1981 Northern Rockies and Plains Farmers in the inland Northwest who have The publication highlights reports on the experience with using green manure crops are benefits and uses of cover crops in Switzer- listed in this guide. land, but many of the cultural practices are Available from: applicable to farming systems in the United Alternative Energy Resources States. Includes growth characteristics, Organization seeding rates, yields, and nutrient contents of 44 North Last Chance Gulch both legume and non-legume green manures. Helena, MT 59601 $8.50. (406) 443-7272 Available from: Woods End Agricultural Institute An International Directory of Personnel and Old Rome Road, Box 4050 Organizations Involved in Activities Related Mt. Vemon, ME 04984 to the Use of Legumes for Soil Improvement (207) 293-2457- Marianne Sarrantonio 1989

Green Manures Includes personnel and organizations Lawrence Woodward and Pat Burge, involved in the use of legumes for soil improve- Editors 1982 ment, agroforestry, nitrogen fixation/rhizo- bium, and legume germplasm. Includes information on under-sowing Available from: green manures in com and specialized uses of Rodale Research Center & Institute green manures in vegetable plantings and 222 Main Street greenhouses. Lists and describes varieties and Emmaus,PA 18099-0015 uses of green manures in Great Britain. (215) 967-5171 For more information contact: Elm Farm Research Center Legume Cover Crops for Northern Hamstead Marshall California Near Newbury Rick Miller 1988 Berkshire RG15 0488 582927 A newsletter article that briefly describes Green Manures and Cover Crops the most commonly used legumes including Provides general information on green various types of winter annuals, summer manures and cover crops, legumes and nitro- annuals, and orchard cover crops. gen, types of green manures, and sources of Available from: information. No charge. Small Farm News Available from: Small Farm Center Appropriate Technology Transfer for Cooperative Extension - UC Davis Rural Areas Davis, CA 95616 P.O. Box 3657 (916) 752-6609 Fayetteville, AR 72702 (800) 346-9140 100 Pest Management

Legume Seed Source Directory Methodologies for Screening Soil-Improving Rodale Institute Research Center 1991 Legumes Marianne Sarrantonio 1991 The 14-page directory includes listings of common and latin names of legumes, seed Information about selecting the right company lists, and a cross-reference of legume for different locations, assessing legumes and seed companies. nitrogen contributions, and fine-tuning the Available from: system are outlined in this 310 page book. Rodale Institute for Research Center $24.95. 611 Siegfriedale Road Available from: Kutztown,PA 19530 The New Farm Library (215)683-6383 office 222 Main Street (215) 683-8548 FAX Emmaus,PA 18098 (215) 967-8946 Living Mulch Database A broadly-based technical literature Organic Farming Fact Sheet: Green review. Contact Alan Cooper at IPPC for Manure Crops more information. For more information contact: For more information: William K. Kruesi IPPC County Agricultural Agent Cbrdley Hall University of Vermont Extension Oregon State University Service Corvallis, OR 97331 31 The Green (503) 737-3541 Woodstock, VT 05091

Melrose Austrian Winter Pea Resource List: Green Manure/Cover Crops D.L. Auld, G.A. Murray, and Lists periodicals, extension publications, L.E. O'Keefe 1979 USDA farmers' bulletins, agriculture experi- ment station publications, journal articles, The short publication contains the results Rodale Research Center Reports, books, of five years of field trials on the "Melrose" bibliographies, seed sources and more. Free. variety of Austrian winter pea, developed by Available from: the University of Idaho. Request Current Appropriate Technology Transfer for Information Series No. 497. Rural Areas (ATTRA) Available from: P.O. Box 3657 Agricultural Publications Building FayetteviUe, AR 72702 Building J40, Idaho Street (800) 346-9140 University of Idaho Moscow, ID 83843 (208) 885-7982 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 101

Rodale Research Center Reports Crotelaria Culture and Utilization No. 1980 At the Rodale Research Center a machine R. McKee, G.E. Ritchey, J.L. Stephens, and has been developed to plant legume seed into H. W.Johnson 1946 standing crops, for example, com. The Green Manuring No. 1250 C.V. Piper and cultivator/planter utilizes two machines in the A.J. Pieters 1922 building process: a Pittsburgh two-row, three- point hitch cultivator, and an 8-foot "John Growing Crimson Clover No. 1142 L.W. Deere Van Brunt" grain drill with end-wheel Kephart 1929 drive. Research reports are also provided on a Growing Rye No. 2145 L.W. Briggle 1959 number of projects. Listed below are several of the currently available reports. Growing Summer Cover Crops No. 2182 R. McKee Rev. 1967 Overseeding Cover Crops on Com and Soybean No. 82-29 R. Hofstetter 1984 Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring No. 278 C.V. Piper 1907 Overseeding Legume Cover Crops on Com and Soybeans No. 81-29 M.C. Palada, et al. Leguminous Plants for Green Manuring and 1981 Feeding No. 16 E.W. Allen 1894 Overseeding Research Results: 1982-1984 Red-Clover Culture No. 1339 A.J. Pieters No. 84-29 R. Hofstetter 1984 and W.R. Walton Progress Report - Overseeding 1982 Soybean Production for Hay and Beans No. 83-29 R. Hofstetter 1983 No. 2024 W.J. Morse, J.L. Carter, and E.E. Hartwig 1950 Vegetable Production in a Living Sod No. 80-9 S. Ganser 1980 Sweet Clover: Growing the Crop No. 797 For more information: H.S. Coe 1917 Rodale Institute Research Center The Velvetbean No. 1276 C.V. Piper and 222 Main Street A.J. Pieters 1922 Emmaus, PA 18049 (215) 967-8946 Vetch Culture and Uses No. 1740 PR. Henson and J.A. Schoth 1961 USDA Farmers' Bulletins Vetches of the United States - Native, The USDA produces many information Naturalized, and Cultivated Agriculture bulletins. Some older titles with information Handbook No. 168 F.J. Hermann March about cover crops are listed below. 1960

ALsike Clover No. 1151 A.J. Pieters 1920 Winter Annual Legumes for the South No. 2146 P.R. Henson and E.A. Hollowell Buckwheat Culture No. 2095 W.J. Sando 1960 1956 Available from: Bur-Clover Cultivation and Utilization Government Printing Office No. 1741 R. McKee Rev. 1949 Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Cover Crops for Soil Conservation No. Washington, D.C. 20402 1758 W.V. Kell 1936 (202) 783-3238 8:00 - 4:00 EST Cowpeas: Culture and Varieties No. 1148 W.J. Morse Rev. 1924 102 Pest Management

Bibliographies University of Idaho See the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricul- Winter Pea/Winter Cereal Mixtures as tural Library in the Organizations section of Potential Forage Crops in Northern Idaho this guide for ordering information. Bulletin No. 638 1985 Available from: Double Cropping and Interplanting Agricultural Publications Building QB 89-97 Building J40, Idaho Street University of Idaho Green Manures and Cover Crops QB 89-58 Moscow, ID 83843 Legumes in Crop Rotations QB 90-02 (208) 885-7982

Extension Publications Seed Source List See the University Resources section of Local seed dealerships may be the best this guide for ordering OSU, WSU, and PNW place to purchase seed, however, they do not publications. always carry a wide variety of cover crop seed. The seed sources listed below carry numerous Oregon State University varieties of cover crop seeds. Most of the companies listed have catalogs describing what Cover Crop and Residue Management for they sell. Wind Erosion Control on Sandy Soils During Potato Planting CI 671 Adams-Briscoe Seed Company P.O. Box 18 Cover Crops for Home Gardens FS 304 325 East Second Street Forage Varieties for Oregon - Circular of Jackson, GA 30233 Information 617 by W.S. McGuire, R.V. (404) 775-7826 Frakes, N.R. Goetze, and W.H. Billings 1970. Provides general information on variety Bountiful Gardens descriptions for the Oregon Coast, Willamette Ecology Action Valley, Southern Oregon, Columbia Basin and 5798 Ridgewood Road Blue Mountains, Central Oregon, and the Willits, CA 95490 Snake River Valley. Ernst Crownvetch Farms Living Mulch Options for Precision R.D. #5, Box 806 Management of Horticultural Crops Meadville, PA 16335 EC 1258 (814) 425-7276

Washington State University Hale Dean Seed Company P.O. Box 1458 Green Manure and Cover Crops for Winter Gardens, FL 34787 Irrigated Land EB 0489 25c (407) 877-3333

PNW Extension Publications Harmony Farm Supply P.O. Box 451 Managing Orchard Floor Vegetation in the Graton, CA 95444 Pacific Northwest PNW 313 750 (707) 823-9125 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 103

Johnny's Selected Seeds Quick Bibliography Series Foss Hill Road Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems Albion, ME 04910 Information Center of the National Agricul- tural Library in the Organizations Section of Johnston Seed Company this guide for ordering information. Box 1392 Enid, OK 73702 Herbicides: Ecological Effects February (405) 233-5800 1989 QB 89-34

Kester's Wild Game Food Nurseries Herbicide Resistance April 1989 QB 89-51 P.O. Box V-NF Omro, WI 5463 Allelopathy (414) 685-2929 The term allelopathy includes all biochem- ical interactions among plants. It is most often Necessary Trading Company associated with harmful effects or interactions. New Castle, VI 24127 When chemicals produced by one plant inhibit (703) 864-5103 growth or development in another plant, it may be possible to use the plant to inhibit weeds. CM. Payne & Sons Seed Co. Allelochemicals may form as a result of plant 9410 Payne Road decomposition or may be produced directly by Sebring, FL 33870 plants. Recent research has included work on (813)38504642 weed suppression in orchards and in large- seeded vegetable crops with cereal mulches Peaceful Valley such as rye and wheat. The isolation of P.O. Box 2209 allelopathic toxins from plants for use as Grass Valley, CA 95945 natural herbicides is also being studied. (916) 272-4769 Allelopathy Herbicide Resistance in Weeds E.L.Rice 1984 The first case of weed resistance to an herbicide was documented in 1970. At present, Historical accounts of allelopathic herbicide resistance is known to exist in at least research, roles of allelopathic compounds in 54 weed species. This figure is an increase vegetation establishment, allelopathy and from twelve instances reported in 1980. These prevention of seed decay before germination, figures have important ramifications since and the impact of allelopathy on horticultural weeds are reported to cause annual crop losses and agronomic crops are included. The book of over $15 billion in the United States. also discusses the chemical nature of inhibitors, plant parts that contain the inhibitors, and factors affecting the quantity of inhibitors produced by plants. Publisher: Academic Press, Inc. 1250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101 (800) 321-5068 104 Pest Management

The Chemistry of Allelopathy: Biochemical Publisher: Interactions Among Plants CRC Press, Inc. A.C. Thompson, Editor 1985 2000 Corporate Blvd. NW Boca Raton, FL 33432 Chapters on allelopathic research in (800) 272-7737 agriculture, economics of weed control in crops, chemistry and biology of allelopathic Quick Bibliography Series compounds, and the effects of allelopathy on Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems mineral uptake and plant-water relations are Information Center of the National Agricul- included. $79.95. tural Library in the Organizations Section of Publisher: this guide for ordering information. American Chemical Society 1155-16th Street NW Allelopathy: The Effects of Chemicals Washington, D.C. 20036 Produced April 1990 QB 90-46 (800) 227-5558 Biological Control of Weeds Allelopathic Chemicals: Nature's Biological control of weeds involves the Herbicides in Action use of both herbivorous (plant-eating) insects A.R. Putnam 1983 and plant pathogens (diseases) which are used to attack a specific plant species. Biological Chemical and Engineering News Special control agents are used to reduce the Report. abundance of a weed below the level which Available from: causes economic loss. This method of control Distribution Room 210 is primarily used against non-native species American Chemical Society found within an area. 1155-16th Street Washington D.C. 20036 Biological Control of Weeds - A World Catalogue of Agents and their Target Weeds Weed Physiology M.H. Julien, Editor 1987 (Second Edition) S.O. Duke, Editor 1985 Publisher: Wallingford A two volume set of books. Volume I is Oxon 0X10 8DE entitled "Reproduction and Ecophysiology" United Kingdom and contains summaries of research findings on Tel: Wallingford (0491) 32111 mechanisms and constraints of weed reproduc- tion. A chapter entitled "Weed Allelopathy" Biological Control of Weeds with Plant contains a list of natural substances identified Pathogens as allelopathic agents. Mode of action and R. Charudattan and H.L. Walker, Editors impact on natural and agroecosystems is 1982 discussed. The second volume, "Herbicide Physiology", explains methods by which Plant pathogens which are used for weed herbicides affect plants. Volume I: $57, control are termed "biological herbicides." Volume II: $86. They are commercially produced indigenous weed pathogens which are normally applied annually and integrated into an overall pest management program. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 105

Publisher: Biocontrol of Weeds John Wiley and Sons 1140 Cherry Drive Distribution Center Bozeman, MT 59715 One Wiley Drive (406)586-5111 Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 This company sells insects as weed (800) 879-4539 biocontrol agents for Canada thistle, musk thistle, and St. Johnswort on range and pasture Microbial Control of Weeds Symposium lands. D.L. Klingman, Editor 1986

This supplement contains 13 papers presented at a symposium on microbial control of weeds and the major focus is on use of fungi to achieve biological control of certain weeds. Weed Science, Vol. 34, Supplement 1. Available from: Weed Science Society of America 309 West Clark Street Champaign, IL 61820

Quick Bibliography Series Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricul- tural Library in the Organizations Section of this guide for ordering information.

IPM and Biological Control of Weeds August 1990 QB 90-51

Commercial Sources of Biocontrol Agents for Weed Control

BioCollect 5841 Crittendon Street Oakland, CA 94601 (415) 436-8052 or 524-6137 BioCollect will custom-collect insects for control of thistles, Klamath weed (St. Johnswort), tansy ragwort, purslane, puncturevine, Mediterranean sage, Scotch broom, and gorse. 106 Pest Management

Table 1. Current Status of Biological Weed Control Agents Released1 in Orego n, Washing!ton, and Idaho

Distribution Infestation Control Availability Weed Agent OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID

Brown knapweed Urophora quadrifasciata L L U L M U U U U L M 0 Bull thistle Urophora stylata L L - S M - u F - 0 L - Canada thistle Ceutorhynchus litura L U L S U M u U u 0 0 L Urophora cardui L L U S M U p U u M L 0 Rhinocyllus conicus L - L S - L F - F L - L Orellia ruficauda W W - L M - U F - L L - Dalmatian toadflax Calophasia lunula F L U - M U - F u - L 0 Diffuse knapweed Urophora affinis W W w M M M F F F M M M Urophora quadrifasciata W W w H H M M M F M M Sphenoptera jugoslavica L L L H H M F F U M M L Pterolonche inspersa F U u - U U - U u - 0 0 Bangasternus fausti U - - U - - U - - 0 - - Gorse Exapion ulicis W L - H H - G G - M L - Agonopterix nervosa w W - M M - U U - M M - Halogeton Coleophora parthenica - - F ------Italian thistle Rhinocyllus conicus w - L H - H G - u M - L

(continued) 707

Distribution Infestation Control Availability Weed Agent OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID

Leafy surge Hyles euphoribae F F U - - U - - U - - 0 Oberea erythrocephala F - F ------Chamaesphecia tenthredinigormis - F ------Aphthona nigriscuds L L U S L u U U u 0 0 0 Aphthona flava L L u s L u u u u 0 0 0 Aphthona cyparissiae L L - s L - u u - 0 0 - Spurgia esulae U - - u - - u - - 0 - - Meadow knapweed Urophora quadrifasciata L L - L M - u u - L M - Mediterranean sage Phrydiuchus tau W - L H - H p - u M - M Phrydiuchus spilmani F ------Milk thistle Rhinocyllus conicus W - - H - - G - - M - - Musk thistle Rhinocyllus conicus W W W H H H G E G M M M Plumeless thistle Rhinocyllus conicus - W L - H H - E G - M M Poison hemlock Agonopterix alstroemeriana w w W M H M G E G M M M Puncturevine Microlarinus lareynii L F u L - U G - U L - 0 Microlarinus lypriformis L F u L - U F - u L - 0 Rush skeletonweed Cystiphora schmidd L W w L H H U E G 0 M M Eriophyes chondrillae L W w L H H U E E 0 M M Puccinia chondrillina L W w L H H U G U 0 M M Russian knapweed Subanguina picridis U u - U U - U U - 0 0 - (continued) 108 Pest Management

Distribution Infestation Control Availability Weed Agent • OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID

Russian thistle Coleophora parthenica - F F ------Coleophora klimeschiella - L L - U L - U U - 0 L St. Johnswort Chrysolina quadrigemina W W W H H H E E E M M M Chrysolina hyperici W W L H H M G E U M M L Agrilus hyperici L L W M H M F E U L L L Zeuxidiplosis giardi F F F ------Aplocera plagiata U L U U S S U U u 0 L 0 Scotch broom Leucoptera spartifoliella W L - F M - U U - L L - Apion fuscirostre 0 L U - L U - F u - M 0 - Agonopterix nervosa W W - M M - U u - M M - Slenderflower thislte Rhinocyllus conicus W - - H - - G - - M - - Spotted knapweed Urophora affinis W W W M H M G G F M M M Urophora quadrifasciata W W w H H M G G F M M M Metzneria pauciunctella L W L H M S G G U M M L Agapeta zoegana u u U U U U U U U 0 0 0 Squarrose knapweed Urophora quadrifasciata L - - M - - U - - L - - Tansy ragwort Tyria jacobaeae W w - H H - E E - M M - Pegohylemyia seneciella W w - H H - F G - M M - Longitarsus jacobaeae W w - H H - E E - M M -

(continued) A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washineton 109

Distribution Infestation Control Availability Weed Agent OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID OR WA ID

Yellow starthistle Urophora sirunaseva L U U S U U U U U L 0 0 Bangasternus orlentalis L L L M M S P F U L M 0 Chaetorellia australis U U U U U u u U u 0 0 0 Eustenopus villosus U L U U S u u U u 0 0 0 Yellow toadflax Calophasia lunula F - L - - M - - F - - L Gymnaetron antirrhini L L U M H U u G u L L 0 Brachypterolus pulicarius L L L M M M F F F L L L

Distribution within host range: W = widespread; L = limited sites; F = failed to establish; U = unknown status; - = not released.

Infestation of hosts: H = heavy (>70%); M = medium (>30%); L = light (>10%); S = slight (<10%); 0 = nondetected; U = unknown status.

Control ability on seeds and/or plant density: E = excellent; G = good; F = fair; P = poor; U = undetermined.

Availability for redistribution: M = mass collections; *L = limited; O = not collectable at present.

*Limited availability indicates agent populations are slow in building or are recently introduced. Work on these species should be coordinated through biological control specialists at the state department of agriculture or state university. Collection and/or transportation of biological control agents may require special permits and procedures.

Reprinted with permission from the 1991 PNW Weed Control Handbook. no Pest Management

Table 2. Biological Agents and their Roles. The biological agents introduced into the Pacific North- west for the biological control of weeds, and the general role of each agent. Other names by which the agents are known are in parentheses. (C = classical introduction; A = accidental introduction)

SPECIES ROLE

Agapeta zoegana root boring moth C Agonopterix alstroemeriana defoliating moth A Agonopterix nervosa shoot tip moth A Agrilus hyperici root boring beetle C Aplocera plagiata (Anaitis) defoliating moth C Aphthona cyparissiae root/defoliating flea beetle C Aphthona flava root/defoliating flea beetle C Aphthona nigriscutis root/defoliating flea beetle C Apion Juscirostre seed weevil C Bangasternus fausti seed head weevil C Bangasternus orientalis seed head weevil C Brachypterolus pulicarius flower beetle A Calophasia lunula defoliating moth C Ceutorhynchus litura crown/root weevil C Chaetorellia australis seed head fly C Chamaesphecia tenthrediniformis root boring moth C Chrysolina hyperici defoliating beetle C Chrysolina quadrigemina defoliating beetle C Cystiphora schmidti stem/leaf gall midge C Eriophyes chondrillae (Aceria) bud gall mite C Eustenopus villosus seed head weevil C Exapion ulicis (Apion) seed weevil C Gymnaetron antirrhini seed head weevil A Hyles euphorbiae defoliating moth C Leucoptera spartifoliella twig mining moth A Longitarsus jacobaeae root/defoliating flea beetle C Metzneria paucipunctella seed head moth C Microlarinus lareynii seed weevil C Microlarinus lypriformis stem boring weevil C Oberea erythrociphala stem/root boring beetle C Orellia ruficauda seed head fly A Pegohylemyia seneciella (Hylemyia) seed head fly C Phrydiuchus spilmani crown/root weevil C Phrydiuchus tau crown/root weevil C Pterolonche inspersa root boring moth C Puccinia chondrellina rust fungus C Rhinocyllus conicus seed head weevil C Sphenoptera jugoslavica root boring beetle C Spurgia esulae (Bayeria capitigena) shoot tip gall midge C Tyria jacobaeae defoliating moth C Urophora affinis seed head gall fly C Urophora cardui stem gall fly C Urophora quadrifasciata seed head gall fly A Urophora sirunaseva seed head gall flu C Urophora stylata seed head hall fly C Zeuxidiplosis giardi leaf gall midge C

Reprinted with permission from the 1991 PNW Weed Control Handbook. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 111

Table 3. Selected Microbial Herbicides Now Available and Under Development

Trade name Microbial Agent Target Weed Used since Producer

1. Devine Phytophthora milkweed vine 1981 Abbott Laboratories The target area for this microbial has been citrus groves in Florida. 2. Cbllego Colletotrichum Northern 1982 Ecogen Inc. gloeosporioides jointvetch Langhome, PA aeschynomene The target area for this microbial has been rice and soybean fields in Arkansas. 3. Lu-bao Colletotrichum Dodder 1960's Chinese Govt. No. 1 gloeosporioides The target area for this microbial has been soybean fields in China. 4. Unnamed Chondrostereum Black cherry to come Koppert Co. purpureum The Netherlands The target area for this microbial has been replanted forests in the Netherlands. 5. Unnamed Acremonium persimmon Late 1960's Noble Foundation diospyri Ardmore, OK The target area for this microbial has been pasture land in Oklahoma. 6. BioMal Colletotrichum round-leaved to come Philom Bios gloeosporioides mallow . Saskatoon, Sask. malve The target area for this microbial has been lentil, wheat, and other crops on the Canadian prairies. 7. Casst Alternaria sicklepod to come Mycogen Corp. cassiae San Diego, CA The target area for this microbial has been peanut and soybean in southeastern United States. 8. (MYX-1200) Fusarium velvetleaf to come Mycogen Corp. lateritium The target area for this microbial has been soybean in the United States. 9. (MYX-1621) Colletotrichum Florida to come Mycogen Corp. truncatum beggarweed The target area for this microbial has been soybean and peanut in the United States. 10. Unnamed Colletotrichum spiny to come Agrichemical firm orbiculare cocklebur requests anonymity The target area for this microbial has been sheep grazing lands, cotton, and soybean fields in Australia.

Reprinted with permission horn Agrichemical Age. 112 Pest Management

Animals Sources of Weeder Geese Weed control using various species of grazing animals has been practiced and experi- Feather Creek Farm, Incorporated mented with for years. Animals such as goats, P.O. Box 70 chickens, sheep, and hogs are sometimes used Grants Pass, OR 97526 to control weeds, and they may feed on both (503) 474-1526 crop residues and herbaceous growth while also fertilizing soil. Both chickens and geese Holderread's Waterfowl Farm & Preservation have been successfully used to control weedy Center growth in orchards. Geese have also been used P.O. Box 492 for weed control in crops such as strawberries, Corvallis, OR 97339 onions, garlic, carrots, and raspberries, and (503) 929-5338 they are especially useful in the reduction of certain grasses. Morris Farms & Hatcheries, Incorporated 18370 SW323nd Street The Book of Geese Goulds, FL 33170 Dave Holderread (305) 248-5589 or (305) 247-1070

A valuable reference for waterfowl raisers Pina and containing information on the usefulness of 644 Maxwelton Road geese, their limitations, characteristics, behav- Clinton, WA 98236 ior, breeds, getting started, incubation, rearing (206) 221-3976 goslings, managing adult geese, diagnosing diseases, sexing and butchering, and more. Webfoot Farm & Hatchery Limited $7.95. Flora, Ontario NOB ISO (519) 846-9885 The Home Duck Flock Dave Holderread 1979 Flaming The first flame weeder was developed and A complete guide to raising ducks and patented in the United States in 1856. Flaming includes information on starting and mainte- uses a controlled flame to kill both grasses and nance of the flock. $7.95 paperback; $10.95 broadleaf weeds, although it is not as effective hardbound. on grasses as it is on broadleaf weeds. Gas Both available from: pressure and ground speed are used to control Holderread's Waterfowl Farm & the heat. Flaming units are sold by several Preservation Center different companies and are mountable on P.O. Box 492 various cultivators. Corvallis, OR 97339 (503) 929-5338 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 113

Sources of Flame Weeders Sources of Weed Mats and Sunlight Barriers Ben Meadows Company P.O. Box 80549 Blunk's Wholesale Supply Inc. Atlanta, GA 30366 8923 South Octavia (800) 547-8813 Bridgeview, IL 60453 (312) 430-2025 Flame Engineering, Inc. P.O. Box 577 El duPont de Nemours & Company LaCrosse, KS 67548 Textile Fibers Department (800) 255-2468 Wilmington, DE 19898 (800) 448-9835 Forestry Suppliers, Inc. 205 West Rankin Street Phillips Fibers Corporation Jackson, MS P.O. Box 66 Mailing address: Greenville, SC 29602 P.O. Box 8397 (803) 242-6600 Jackson, MS 39204-0397 (800) 647-5368 or (800) 682-5397 Aquashade, Inc. P.O. Box 198 Thermal Weed Control Systems Inc. Eldred,NY 12732 3403 Highway 93 (914) 557-8077 Eau Claire, WI 54701 Aquashade is a non-phytotoxic product for (715) 839-7242 use in control of weeds and algae in ponds and lakes. Photosynthesis of weeds or algae is Turf-Tec International prevented by dyes which absorb the orange and 2210 North 124th Street yellow wavelengths of light. North Miami, FL 33181 Non-Living Mulches There are many types of mulching materi- als and weed barriers available to commercial growers. Mulching films can be made of clear or black materials. Clear plastic mulches pass infrared radiation (heat) through them and are often used for early warming in the spring and for soil solarization. Black plastic mulches do not allow visible radiation to pass through and are often used to suppress weed growth. Plastic mulches are available which are photo- degradable; the degradation rate varies and depends on the type of plastic used. There are also biodegradable mulches comprised of a variety of materials such as peat. 114 Pest Management

Compendium Plant Disease Series PLANT DISEASE The guides within the Compendium Plant Disease Series provide useful information about MANAGEMENT diagnostic tools and assist in explaining various methods of disease control. Technical informa- General References tion on plant pathology is included along with a special section of color photos. $26 each. Alternative Pesticides Postharvest Diseases and Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases Control Herbert Aldwinckle and Alan Jones, Editors ^ 1990 Compendium of Corn Diseases General References M.C. Shurtleff, Editor 1980 Compendium of Grape Diseases R. Pearson and A. Hoheen, Editors 1988 Biocontrol of Plant Diseases - Volumes 1 & 2 Compendium of Pea Diseases K.G. Mukerji and K.L. Garg, Editors D.J. Hagedom, Editor 1984 1988 Compendium of Potato Diseases W.J. Hooker, Editor 1981 A comprehensive book on plant disease Compendium of Strawberry Diseases biocontrol containing chapters on: concepts J.L. Maas, Editor 1984 and practices; uses and practical constraints; Compendium of Sweet Potato Diseases application of biocontrol agents; diseases of C.A. Clark and J.W. Moyer 1988 fruit; plant breeding strategies; fungi as agents of biocontrol; and storage mold diseases of Available from: seed. Each volume sells for $155. American Phytopathological Society Published by: 3340 Pilot Knob Road CRC Press St. Paul, MN 55121 2000 Corporate Blvd. NW (800) 328-7560 Boca Raton, FL 33431 (800) 272-7737 Cultural Practices and Infectious Crop Diseases Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of J. Palti 1981 Plant Diseases American Phytopathological Society - The book examines cultural practices and Published annually their effects on crop disease incidence, with a brief look at the principal agroclimates of the A compilation of research reports of world. Emphasis is on what growers can do, biological and cultural tests in such areas as either alone or in cooperation with others in the fruits and nuts, vegetables, ornamentals, and farming community. Some of the cultural small grains. $20. practices discussed include sanitation, crop Available from: sequence, soil amendments and mulches, tillage, American Phytopathological Society nutrition, plant density, harvesting dates and Press methods, moisture relationships, pruning, and 3340 Pilot Knob Road physical barriers. $85. St. Paul, MN 55121 (800) 328-7560 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 115

Published by: Published by: Springer Verlag New York, Inc. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 175 Fifth Avenue Distribution Center New York, NY 10010 One Wiley Drive (800) 777-4643 Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (800) 526-5368 Cucurbit Diseases: A Practical Guide for Seedsmen, Growers, and Agricultural Identifying Diseases of Vegetables Advisors A.A. MacNab, A.F. Sherf, and J.K. Bemhardt, Dodson, and Watterson 1985 Springer 1983

Includes color photographs of many Contains information on observed diseases showing plants and fruit, including symptoms and color photographs of common stems and root pictures when relevant. Also diseases attacking 18 different vegetable crops. included are sections on nutrient deficiencies, Abiotic diseases, nutrient related disorders, and resistant varieties, and environmental disorders. herbicide injury information are included for $10. some crops. $13. Available from: Available from: agAccess agAccess P.O. Box 2008 P.O. Box 2008 Davis, CA 95617 Davis, CA 95617 (916) 756-7177 (916) 756-7177

Disease Resistant Apple Cultivars Devel- Pathogens, Vectors, and Plant Diseases oped from the Apple Breeding Program at K.F. Harris and Karl Maramorsosch, The University of Illinois Editors 1982 University of Illinois Illustrates how knowledge of pathogen- Provides descriptions of nine scab-immune vector-host interactions, vector ecology, and apple cultivars released by Purdue University, disease epidemiology is applied to disease Rutgers University and University of Illinois prevention and control. Discussions on less breeders. Publication number PRI-B790. $1. well-known strategies such as non-pesticidal Available from: control of vector-borne diseases, use of oil Office of Agricultural Communications sprays and reflective surfaces for control of University of Illinois insect-transmitted viruses, and biocontrol of 69-BB Mumford Hall mycoplasmas are included. $55. 1301 West Gregory Drive Published by: Urbana, IL 61801 Academic Press 1250 Sixth Avenue Diseases of Greenhouse Plants San Diego, CA 92101 J.T. Fletcher 1984 (800) 321-5068

A standard reference book for information on disease control in greenhouses. Also included are chapters on tomato, cucumber, lettuce, mushroom, pepper, and ornamental diseases. $44.95. 116 Pest Management

Plant Pathogens and Their Control in Potato Diseases Horticulture A.E.Rich 1983 G. R. Dixon 1984 Potato diseases are thoroughly described Fungal, viral, and bacterial pathogens are including information on causes and controls. described including information on transmis- $59. sion, survival, spread, and classification. Both published by: There is also a section on control which Academic Press includes details on host resistance, spray 1250 Sixth Avenue application, plant health regulations, and San Diego, CA 02101 cultural and biological methods. (800) 321-5068 Published by: MacMillan Publishing Company Principles of Seed Pathology - 866 Third Avenue Volumes 1 & 2 New York, NY 10022 V.K. Agarwal and J.B. Sinclair 1987 (800) 257-5755 A general book which discusses the Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook significance of seedbome pathogens, location Commonwealth Mycological Institute of seedbome inoculum, mechanism of infec- 1983 tion, factors affecting infection, factors affect- ing seed transmission, detection of seedbome Chapters are included on mycoplasmas, air pathogens, and the control of seedbome pollution, forecasting, crop loss assessment, pathogens. Biological, chemical, mechanical, postharvest loss, nematodes, plant quarantine, and physical control of seedbome pathogens is regional and country disease lists, weeds, also included. $259.90. media and fixatives, and seed health tests. Published by: $15.95. CRC Press Published by: 2000 Corporate Blvd. NW Lubrecht & Cramer, Ltd. Boca Raton, FL 33431 RD 1, Box 244 (800) 272-7737 Route 42 Forestburgh, NY 12777 The Production of New Potato Varieties (914) 794-8539 G. Ellis and D. Richardson, Editors 1987

Plant Pathology Contains a variety of papers on breeding George N. Agrios 1986 new varieties, germplasm sources, input uses, drought, pest, and disease factors. $49.50. A good, general book which discusses the Published by: ways pathogens attack, their effects on the Cambridge University Press physiological functions of plants, defense 40 West 20th Street mechanisms of plants, effect of the environ- New York, NY 10011 ment on development of infections, and control (800) 221-4512 of plant diseases. Chapters on plant diseases specifically caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and protozoa are included. $49.50. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 117

Raspberries and Blackberries: Their Raintree Nursery Breeding, Diseases, and Growth 391 Butts Road D.L. Jennings 1988 Morton, WA 98233 (206) 496-5410 An academic text covering research, history, and breeding progress of raspberries Sakuma Brothers Farms, Inc. and blackberries and their derivatives. The P.O. Box 427 disease section and reference lists are particu- Burlington, WA 98233 larly useful. $43.95. (206)757-6611 Published by: Academic Press Week's Berry Nursery 1250 Sixth Avenue 6494 Windsor Island Road, North San Diego, CA 92101 Salem, OR 97303 (800) 321-5068 (503)393-8112

SmaD Fruit Varieties and Disease Resistance Tomato Diseases: A Practical Guide for Two new berry varieties have been Seedsmen, Growers, and Agricultural released by the Oregon State University Advisors Agricultural Experiment Station and the Jon C. Watterson 1985 Washington State University Agricultural Research Center. "Waldo" is a new blackberry Includes color pictures of many diseases of featuring thomless canes and is resistant to plants, fruit, stems and roots. Also included cane and leaf spot. It is similar to Evergreen are sections on nutrient deficiencies, resistant variety blackberries in its growth characteris- varieties, and environmental disorders. $10. tics. "Summit" is a new red raspberry variety Available from: with strong resistance to foliage and root agAccess diseases and appears to survive well in heavy P.O. Box 2008 soils. Davis, CA 95617 For more information about these (916) 756-7177 varieties contact: F.J. Lawrence Vegetable Diseases and Their Control USDA-ARS C. Chupp and A.F. Sherf 1960 National Qonal Germplasm Repository 33447 Peoria Road Contents are organized by crop and contain Corvallis, OR 97333 detailed descriptions of vegetable diseases and their control. Many cultural and physical The nurseries listed below may have disease management techniques are included. supplies of "Waldo" and "Summit" berries: $47.50. Published by: Cedar Valley Nursery John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3833 McElfresh Road, SW Distribution Center Centralia, WA 98531 One Wiley Drive (206) 736-7490 Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (800) 879-4539 Ken Spooner Farms 10816 Orting Highway East Puyallup, WA 98373 (206) 845-5519 118 Pest Management

Virus Diseases of Small Fruits Extension Publications R.H. Converse, Editor 1987 See the University Resources section of this guide for information about ordering OSU, Includes discussions on the history, WSU, PNW, and University of California geographic distribution, importance, symp- publications. toms, transmission, cause, detection, and control for strawberry, blueberry, cranberry, Oregon State University currant, gooseberry, blackberry, and raspberry virus and virus-like diseases. Publication Bean Necrosis Disease FS 212 number: Agriculture Handbook 631. Available from: Bean Rust FS 83 Superintendent of Documents Bibliography of Nematode Interactions with U.S. Government Printing Office Other Organisms in Plant Disease Com- Washington, D.C. 20402 plexes SB 623 Free

Virus and Viruslike Diseases of Pome Fruits Blossom-End Rot of Tomatoes FS 139 Washington State University - SP0003 Blueberry CuKivars for Oregon EC 1308

Describes and illustrates the symptoms Controlling Bacterial Soft Rot and Blackleg produced by all known viruses of apples and Potatoes EC 954 pears, worldwide. Other disorders which are Controlling Diseases and Insects in Home sometimes mistaken for viral infections are also Orchards EC 631 included. $37.50. Available from: Control of Walnut Blight in Oregon EC 646 Washington State University Detecting and Controlling Eastern Filbert See the University Resources Section Blight EC 1287 of this guide for ordering information Discourage Plant Diseases in Your Home Bibliographies Garden FS 242 Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems Dutch Elm Disease EB836 Information Center of the National Agriculture Library in the Organizations section of this Halo Blight of Beans FS82 guide for ordering information. Management of Aphid-Borne Legume Viruses SB 615 IPM and Biological Control of Plant Pests: Horticultural Crops QB 90-47 Onion White Rot FS 235 Preparation of Tank-Mix Bordeaux Mixture DFFS185 Relation of Environment and Nutrition to Plant Susceptibility to Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Aphid Transmission TB 106 Scab-Immune Apple Varieties for New Orchards EC 1334 Stony Pit of Pear in Oregon TB 93 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 119

Tobacco Rattle Virus in Oregon Potatoes Fire Blight EB 1352 25c EC 844 Gray Mold (Botrytis Blight) EB 1045 25c White Mold and Grey Mold of Snap Beans Incidence and Yield and Eutypa Dieback of FS222 Grapevine in Washington State XB0993 Free Washington State University Late Blight of Potato and Tomato EB 0958 Apple Anthracnose EB0940 25«; 75c Apple Scab EB 1044 50«; New Disorder of Sweet Cherry in the Yakima Valley EB 1152 25c Bark Disorders of Apple EB 1421 50e Peach Leaf Curl EB 1046 25c Black Leaf of Grapes in Washington EB 0745 25e Pea Wilt and Pea Root Rots in the Home Garden EB 1262 25c Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grape EB 1370 25c Perennial Canker and Bull's Eye Rot of Botrytis Neck Rot of Onion EB 1359 25c Apples EB 1517 25c Brown Rot of Stone Fruits EB 1047 75c Plant Diseases EB 1239 $1.25 Cherry Leaf Mottle EB0981 25c Potato Leaf Roll EM 2704 25c Club Root of Cabbage and Other Crucifers Potato Scab EB 1243 25c EB 1049 25c Powdery Mildew of Cherry EB 1539 75c Collar Rot of Pome and Stone Fruits EB 1497 75c Powdery Mildew of Grapes in Washington EB 1202 25c Coryneum Blight of Stone Fruits EB 1266 25c Purple Spot and Stemphylium Leaf Spot of Asparagus EB 1418 25c Crown Gall EB 0923 25c Raspberry and Strawberry Root Rots in Crown Gall of Grapes EB0742 25c Home Gardens EB 1082 25c Curly Top of Tomato EB 1255 25c Reducing Sweet Cherry Surface Pitting Cytospora Canker of Stone Fruits EB 1448 EB 1219 50c 50c Sclerotinia Disease (White Mold) of Bean Dead Spur on Delicious Apples EB 1322 EB 1178 25c 25c Sclerotinia Stem Rot on Potato EM 2936 Downy Mildew of Onion EB 1310 50c 25c Economics of Culture Methods to Suppress Symptoms of Grape Disorders in Green Peach Aphid as a Virus Vector Washington EB0722 $3.50 XB 0900 Free Strawberry Aphids and Strawberry Viruses Effect of Two Tomato Growth Methods on EB 1012 25c Curly Top Virus XC0600 Free Vertkillium Wilt EB 1407 50c Field Guide to Sweet Cherry Diseases in Virus Diseases of Squash in Washington Washington EB 1323 $2.50 EB 1508 50c 120 Pest Management

Walnut Blight EB 1276 25c Controlling Damping-Off Diseases in the Garden 1982 No. 21299 Identification and WSU Official Bacterial Ring Spot Report on non-chemical control. $1 Commercial Potatoes EM 2506 Free Diseases of Temperate Zone Tree Fruit and Pacific Northwest Extension Publications Nut Crops 1991 No. 3345 $55 Edible-Pod Pea Production in California Identifying Diseases of Vegetables PENN 1983 No. 21328 Varieties and cultivation; $8 disease, pest, and weed control; harvesting and Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Control marketing. $1 Handbook (revised annually) PLANT $15 European Canker of Apple in California 1972 No. 2612 50

Ag Bio Chem Inc. Postharvest Diseases and 3 Fleetwood Court Control Orinda, CA 94563 (415) 254-0798 General References IPM Laboratories Locke, NY 13092-0099 The Commercial Storage of Fruits, (315) 497-3129 Vegetables, and Florist Nursery Stocks USDA 1968 Peaceful Valley Farm Supply 11173 Peaceful Valley Road A classic handbook on postharvest Nevada City, CA 95959 handling of horticultural crops. Presents brief (916) 265-3276 summaries of the essential average storage requirements of horticultural crops. Includes F-Stop discussion of the factors involved in cold F-Stop is a biological fungicide developed storage, ranging from pre-cooling and air by the Eastman Kodak Company; it is expected circulation to controlled atmospheres and to be on the market by late 1991. The product freezing injury. Publication number AH0066. contains spores of a beneficial fungus, $2.75. Trichoderma harzianum, which reportedly Available from: effectively controls Pythium infestations and Washington State University some other fungal diseases. It may be applied Bulletin Office directly to the seed or added to the seed coating See the University Resources section or pelleting material. of this guide for ordering information

Mycoshield Fire Blight Control Controlled Atmospheres For Storage and Mycoshield is a naturally occurring Transport of Perishable Agricultural antibiotic and provides protection against Commodities fireblight on pears and Bacterial Spot on D.G. Richardson, Editor 1982 peaches. This is a low toxic material which is applied at 10% bloom and is available from Contains information on controlled atmo- Peaceful Valley Farm Supply (address given sphere storage structure, energy use, relative above). humidity, automated control systems, and modified-atmosphere packaging. Studies on controlled atmosphere effects are presented for cherries, peaches, nectarines, strawberries, kiwi-fruits, tomatoes, cabbage, and many other horticultural commodities. $39.95. Publisher: Timber Press 9999 SW Wilshire Portland, OR 97225 (800) 327-5680 722 Pest Management

Refrigeration and Controlled Atmosphere Extension Publications Storage for Horticultural Crops See the University Resources section of J.A. Bartsch and David Blanpied 1990 this guide information about ordering OSU, WSU, PNW, and University of California A Cornell University extension publication publications. which addresses construction of cold rooms, different types of refrigeration systems, and Washington State University Extension controlled atmosphere storage. $5.25. Publications Available from: Northwest Regional Agricultural Designing Bulk Potato Structures Engineering Service PNW 0236 500 152 Riley-Robb Hall Cooperative Extension Effect of Some Potato Harvester Operating Cornell University Variables on Tuber Injury XC0583 Free Ithaca, NY 14853 Potato Storage and Ventilation EM 2799 (607) 255-7654 50^

Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Reducing Potato Damage During Harvest Crops Second Edition EB0646 500 A.A. Kader, Editor 1992 Reducing Potato Harvesting Bruise EB 1080 250 The book reviews information on post- harvest handling of crops including: pre- Refrigerated Storage for Horticultural harvest factors affecting postharvest quality; Crops NRAES22 $4.75 cooling, packaging and storage concepts; Vacuum Cooling Vegetables NY/IB186 500 pathology and disease control; transport; standards and quality evaluation; and gives an Pacific Northwest Extension Publications overviews of postharvest handling procedures for vegetables, fruits, nuts, and ornamental Insulation and Vapor Barriers in Potato commodities. Included are numerous flow Storage Buildings PNW 0295 750 diagrams, charts, tables, and color plates for disease identification. Publication #3311. $45 Onion Storage: Guidelines for Commercial Available from: Growers PNW 0277 750 University of California. See the Potato Storage and Quality Maintenance in University Resources section of this the Pacific Northwest PNW 0257 750 guide for ordering information University of California Publications

Handling Strawberries for Fresh Market 1964 No. 2442 Information on how to preserve quality. $1 Harvesting and Handling California Table Grapes for Market 1985 No. 1913 How to market high-quality grapes over long periods and in large distribution areas. $10 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 123

Postharvest Treatment of Pear Trees for Postharvest Cooling of Horticultural Crops Control of Pear Decline 1974 No. 2614 No. 83/130 Covers cooling terms, cooling 50e methods, and factors affecting cooling effi- ciency. Eighty 2x2 color slides, script, audio Potato Storage Diseases 1981 No. 2596 $1 cassette. $52 Small-Scale Cold Rooms for Perishable Commodities 1987 No. 21449 $1 Walnut Harvesting and Handling in California 1978 No. 21036 500

Color Slide Sets from the University of California:

Ethylene in Postharvest Biology and Tech- nology of Horticultural Crops No. 84/115 Presents beneficial and detrimental effects of ethylene treatment. Eighty 2x2 color slides, script, audio cassette. $52 Maintaining Transit Temperatures in Truckloads of Perishables No. 86/132 Describes conditions influencing perishable product temperatures in transit and practices for maintaining desired temperatures. Details effects of lead size and tightness, leading practices and patterns, ambient weather en route, and length of transit period. Sixty-nine 2x2 color slides, script, audio cassette. $44.90 Modified Atmospheres During Transport and Storage of Horticultural Crops No. 84/ 118 Summarizes the beneficial and harmful effects of modified atmospheres on fresh produce. Illustrates methods for establishing, maintaining, and monitoring controlled atmospheres. Eighty 2x2 color slides, script, audio cassette. $52 Postharvest Biology of Horticultural Crops: An Overview No. 84/117 Offers an overview of currently available postharvest handling procedures to maintain quality. Outlines biological and environmental factors that contribute to postharvest deterioration and losses. Eighty 2x2 color slides, script, audio cassette. $52 124 Pest Management

Insect Identification Insect Management Insect Identification General References Insect Pest Management The Audubon Society Field Guide to North Alternative Pesticides American Insects and Spiders Beneficial Organisms Audubon Society 1980

The book has a flexible binding and a lightweight plastic cover making it suitable for 1 here are many pest control options to field use. Color photographs are included. choose from in pursuit of insect pest manage- $14.95. ment. In an integrated pest management (IPM) Published by: system, decisions are made after considering Alfred A. Knopf cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical 400 Hahn Road options. Other components of an IPM system Westminster, MD 21157 that enhance its success include prevention of (800) 733-3000 the pest problems, proper problem identifica- tion, and good monitoring skills. These A Field Guide to the Insects of America components are covered in this section. How- North of Mexico ever, conventional chemical options have been Donald J. Borror and Richard E. White excluded from this guide as there is a wealth of 1974 information already available to growers on this subject. A Peterson Field Guide Series handbook. Your local county Extension Agent can The book contains extensive photographs and answer many pest management questions. It is descriptions of insects found in the U.S. and best to call ahead to make an appointment; Canada. Paperback $12.95; hardbound when speaking with the agent, be as specific as $17.95. possible about the pest problem. See the Published by: University Resources section of this guide for Houghton Mifflin Company information about office locations and phone Wayside Road numbers of Extension offices in Washington Burlington, MA 01803 and Oregon. Two other good sources of (800) 225-3362 information about insect management are the Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural The Field Scouting Manual Areas (ATTRA) and the Bio-Integral 1990 $25 Resources Center (BIRQ; see the Organiza- tions section of this guide for more informa- Published by: tion. Books on pest management that include University of Nebraska information on insect identification can also be Field Scouting found under the Beneficial Organisms section 104 Agricultural Communications in this chapter. Lincoln, NE 68583-0918 (402)472-7211 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 125

A Guide for Integrated Pest Management in Keys to Damaging Stages of Insects Western Snap Beans Commonly Attacking Field Crops in the Rick Weinzierl, Paul Koepsell, Glenn Pacific Northwest Fisher, and Ray William 1983 Robert L. Stoltz 1987

A short article detailing an IPM program A University of Idaho Extension field in snap beans. identification guide. Written in a non-technical Available from: style, it describes many common pests of Glenn Fisher specific crops grown in the Pacific Northwest. Entomology Department Color plates are included. $15. Oregon State University Available from: Corvallis, OR 97331 Cooperative Extension Services (503) 737-3151 University of Idaho Agricultural Science Building Insects and Mites of Economic Importance Moscow, ID 83843 in the Northwest (208) 885-6639 Ralph E. Berry 1978 Published by and available from: Pest Control for Organic Vegetable Oregon State Bookstores, Inc. Growers P.O. Box 489 Published by the New Hampshire Coopera- CorvaUis, OR 97331 tive Extension Service with the assistance of (503) 737-4323 the Natural Organic Farmers Association of $11.95 New Hampshire. No charge. Available from: Insect Pests of Farm, Garden, and Orchard Richard Dick Eighth Edition Department of Crop and Soil Science Ralph Davidson, Howard and Leonard Ag & Life Sciences Building 3017 Marion Peairs Oregon State University Published by: Corvallis, OR 97331 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (503) 737-5718 Distribution Center One Wiley Drive Extension Publications on Insect Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 Indentification and Monitoring (800) 879-4539 See the University Resources section of $42.50 this guide for OSU, WSU, PNW, and Univer- sity of California publications ordering infor- Japanese Beetle: A Major Pest of Plants mation. Be sure to include the publication Available from: number when ordering. Oregon Department of Agriculture 635 Capitol Street NE Oregon State University Extension Salem, OR 97310-0110 Publications (503) 378-6458 No Charge Bees of Northwestern America: HALICTUS TB 126 Biological Control Agents and Where to Find Them EC 1328 126 Pest Management

Biology and Control of the Garden Integrated Pest Management of Insects and Symphylan EC 845 Mites Attacking Pears in Southern Oregon SB 634 Free Bionomics and Control of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite on Pear in Southern Oregon Beneficial Organisms Associated with Pacific TB101 Northwest Crops PNW 343 $1 Detecting and Controlling Honey Bee Brood Mites (Varroajacobsoni Oudemans) Private Labs and Consultants EC 1272 A few private consultants and laboratories that specialize in identifying pest problems are Detecting and Controlling the Com listed below. Earworm in the Willamette Valley EC 1180 Oregon Sampling for Soil Insect Pests EC 1079 Selecting and Monitoring Pheromone Traps Collins Ag. Consultants, Inc. in Insect Pest Management EC 1207 Ron Collins, Greg Collins, Paul Kloft Route 2, Box 344 Small Fruit Pests: Biology, Diagnosis and Hillsboro, OR 97123 Management WAEB 1388 (503) 628-2180

The Strawberry Crown Moth EC 1175 Marvin D. Kauffman Soil Scientist Washington State University Extension 4520 SE Balboa Place Publications Albany, OR 97321 (503) 926-8973 Insect Publications and Extension Entomolo- gists CO 921 Free. A complete listing of all Northwest IPM the entomological extension publications Dan Stein available from Washington State University P.O. Box 11445 Eugene, OR 97440 Grape Phylloxera EB 1566 50$ (503) 344-2487 1991 Pest Control Guide for Commercial Washington Small Fruits EB 1491 Agrimanagement, Inc. PNW Extension Publications 1001 South Third Street P.O. Box 583 How to Recognize Cut Worms, Army Yakima, WA 98907 Worms, Loopers PNW 130 250 (509) 453-4851 Insects of Peas PNW 150 50e Ron Britt & Associates Mint Root Borer in the Pacific Northwest 107 - 68th Place North PNW 322 $1.25 Yakima, WA 98908 (509) 966-9681 Insects on Mint PNW 182 $1.50 A Sampling Plan for the Two-spotted Spider Microbiotica International, Inc. Mites in Mint PNW 251 25e Olaf K. Ribeiro 10744 Manitou Beach Drive NE Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 (206)842-1157 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 127

Organic Pest Management BioQuip Products David C. Mirogon P.O. Box 61 P.O. Box 55267 Santa Monica, CA 90406 Seattle, WA 98155 (213) 324-0620 (206) 367-0707 A biological supply company selling equipment for entomological storage, lab and Peninsu-Lab West field equipment, supplies and books P.O. Box 3000 Kingston, WA 98346 Bio-Integral Resource Center (BIRQ (206) 297-3295 or P.O. Box 7414 1-800-635-6866 Berkeley, CA 94707 Send samples to: (510) 524-2567 5796 NE Minder Common Sense Pest Control Products and Poulsbo, WA 98370 Services Directory

Soil & Plant Lab, Inc. Peaceful Valley Farm Supply 1347 - 27th Place SE, Suite 3-B P.O. Box 2209 P.O. Box 4 Grass Valley, CA 95945 Bellevue, WA 98009 (916) 272-4769 (206) 746-6665 Pocket microscopes and hand lenses, sweep nets, thermographs and thermometers, Idaho and D-Vacs.

Agri-Test Pest Management Supply Company Dave Argyle P.O. Box 938 2043 Kimberly Road Amheist, MA 01004 P.O. Box 4 (413) 253-3747 Twin Falls, ID 83304 Carries a large line of pest management (208) 734-2303 supplies including physical barriers, phero- mone traps, recording equipment etc. Free Stukenholtz Laboratory, Inc. telephone consultation and referral. Dr. Dale Stukenholtz Addison Avenue East Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc. Box 353 Biology Catalog Twin Falls, ID 83301 11850 East Florence Avenue (208) 734-3050 P.O. Box 2567 Santa Fe Springs, CA 90670-0567 Monitoring Equipment Suppliers (213) 946-2439 A science materials supplier. Ward's Automata carries a large array of insect collecting, 19393 Redberry Road rearing and displaying materials, including Grass Valley, CA 95945-9615 instructional media. (916) 273-0380 "Bug Counters" and Data Lynx Telemetry Equipment 128 Pest Management

Insect Pest Management Natural Resistance of Plants to Pests: Roles of Allelochemicab Maurice B. Green and Paul A. Hedin, General References Editors 1986 $49.95 Published by: Handbook of Plants with Pest Control American Chemical Society Properties 1155-16th Street NW Michael Grainge and Saleem Ahmed 1988 Washington, D.C. 20036 (800) 227-5558 Prepared by staff at the East West Center in Hawaii, the handbook provides information Video Tapes on Pest Management on plant species that have pest control proper- ties. Plant scientific, family, and common Biological Control of Vegetable Pests 2 hour names along with information about each plant #8009 Pest and beneficial insect identification. are listed, life cycle and the ecological How to manage insects with biological conditions that best suit growth are outlined. resources. The active ingredients for each plant are given along with the types of activity, plant parts Organic Strawberry Production #8012 used, and methods of preparation and applica- Covers site selection, site preparation, variet- tion. $54.95. ies, planting systems as well as pest and weed control. Aimed at the small commercial Plant Resistance to Insects: A Fundamental grower. Approach Michael Smith 1989 Growing Raspberries #9014 Covers variet- ies, site selection, bed preparation, planting and Contains information about how scientists care of the crop through harvesting and identify and develop plant materials resistant to marketing. Pest and disease management are insects, including discussions of terminology included. and categories of resistance. Techniques for studying plant resistance are explained. The Organic Pest and Weed Control 30 minutes book also includes descriptions of crop pest #8002 A general explanation of organic management systems that utilize insect resis- methods of controlling insects and diseases. tant varieties. $37.50. Specific examples of pest and weed control are given. Plant Stress-Insect Interactions All four available from: E.A. Heinrichs, Editor 1988 Natural Organic Farmers Association (NOFA), see the Video tapes and The physiological, chemical, and morpho- Other Media Offerings section of this logical responses that result from plant stresses guide for more information and alter the plants' susceptibility to insects. All three of the above listed published by: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Distribution Center One Wiley Drive Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (800) 879-4539 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 129

Common Sense Pest Control for Home and Computer Population Models (Pest Garden Loss Models) $25 rental fee, plus a $2 shipping fee. A refundable deposit of $25 is required. Codling Moth Management Using Degree Days Integrated Pest Management C. Pickel, R.S. Bethell and W.W. Coates Purchase price: $39.95 1986 Both available from: Bio-Integral Resource Center A computer program designed to assist in P.O. Box 7414 determining potential losses from codling Berkeley, CA 94707 moths based on temperature. Request UC IPM (510) 524-2567 Publication number 4. No charge.

Pest Management in the Vegetable Garden Manual for Research Version of the Gener- Purchase price: $25 alized Population Model Available from: J.G. Morse and A. Strawn 1987 Colorado State University Bulletin Room A model developed for the UC IPM 171 Aylesworth SW Computer System. Request UC IPM Publica- Fort Collins, CO 80523 tion number 2. No charge.

Periodicals User's Manual for Degree-Day Utility The resources listed below often print J.G. Morse and A. Strawn 1987 articles about beneficial insects, insect pests and pest management. See the Periodicals A program on the Statewide UC IPM section of this guide for more information. computer system. Request UC IPM Publica- tion number 3. No charge. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture For more information about all three Common Sense Quarterly models contact: Hortldeas IPM Education and Publications IPM Laboratories Quarterly University of California IPM Practitioner Davis, CA 95616 Journal of Pesticide Reform Journal of Sustainable Agriculture Codling Moth Control: A New Tool for The New Farm Timing Sprays PNW Sustainable Agriculture Washington State University Publication number EB 1072 25e See the University Resources section of this guide for ordering information. 130 Pest Management

Pests and Pest-Loss Models tion to all updates and new material for one Agrotechnology Transfer No. 8 October year. $35 for subsequent annual update 1988 subscriptions. Publication No. 3339. Reprinted and distributed by: IPPC Grape Pest Management Publication No. Cordley Hall 3343. $68 Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-3904 The following IPM Manuals sell for $17 each, (503) 737-3541 including tax and postage: Integrated Pest Management for Almonds University of California Integrated Pest Publication No. 3308 Management Program The University of California has a State- Integrated Pest Management for Cole Crops wide Integrated Pest Management Program and Lettuce Publication No. 3307 that has been in existence for over ten years. Integrated Pest Management for Potatoes The project's prime goals are: to reduce the Publication No. 3316 pesticide loan in the environment; increase the predictability and thereby the effectiveness of Integrated Pest Management for Tomatoes pest control techniques; develop pest control Publication No. 3274 programs that are economically, environmen- Integrated Pest Management for Walnuts tally, and socially acceptable; assist agencies Publication No. 3270 with integrated pest management programs; All available from: increase the utilization of natural pest controls. ANR Publications The project has about two dozen perma- University of California nent staff members. The implementation staff 6701 San Pablo Avenue includes eight area farm advisors situated in Oakland, CA 94608-1239 regional offices. The computer network (510) 642-2431 produces and runs an integrated pest manage- ment database called IMPACT (see the General Sources of Information on Computer Programs and Databases section of IPM this guide for more information). The educa- tion and publications group has a director, Libraries and literature collections three senior writers, a pesticide training University and Public Libraries (see the coordinator, a farmworker safety coordinator, University Resources section of this guide for and support staff. more information) Pest Management Guidelines Alternative Farming Systems Information Also available from California farm Center (see the Organizations section of this advisors offices and the IMPACT computer. guide) The Guidelines are the official California guidelines for monitoring techniques, pesticide Databases use, and alternatives to pesticides in agricul- For more information refer to the tural crops for the following crops: almonds, Databases and Computer Software section of apples, apricots, cherries, dry beans, figs, this guide. grapes, lettuce, peaches, pears, pecans, pota- Agricola toes, prunes and plums, tomatoes, walnuts. CompuServe $80 for the first set; guidelines will be updated IMPACT yearly; the initial fee includes a free subscrip- A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 131

Organizations Traps, Pheromones, and Vacuums See the Organizations section of this guide Many different types of physical traps and for more information barriers are commercially available to aid in insect management. Pheromones have been Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural described as chemical signals produced by Areas (ATTRA) insects that have a specific effect on members Bio-Integral Resource Center ((BIRC) of their own species. These substances can County Extension Offices evoke many responses from other insects Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to including aggregation, alarm, trail following, Pesticides defense, feeding and reproduction. Phero- mones can be utilized in pest management Trap Crops, Intercropping and Crop systems in the following manners: Rotations Plants can function as decoys by luring 1. Trapping for detection, monitoring and pests away from valuable crop plants or by surveying insect populations. repelling them. These "trap plants" can be 2. Monitoring for levels of insecticide resis- placed around the crop, either between or tance using pheromones as attractants. within rows. By altering plant texture, color, 3. Luring insects to areas treated with insecti- or other characteristics, the insect pests can be cides or biological agents of destruction confused and dispersed. Crops can be followed such as pathogens or protozoa which are by other crops which have detrimental effects spread to the remaining pest population by on target pests. Although there are few printed the treated individuals. resources devoted solely to this topic, the 4. Mass trapping for population suppression. following are sources of information on the 5. Disrupting communication within the subjects. For further information see the chart insect population by permeating of the on pages 420-421 in the Encyclopedia of atmosphere with a pheromone. When sex Natural Insect and Disease Control book pheromones are used, mating disruption listed in the General References Section of the should result in population suppression. Pest Management section at the beginning of this chapter. For a thorough discussion of pheromones see "Pheromones: Their Potential Role in Control Bibliographies of Agricultural Insect Pests," by Phillip Kirsch Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems in the American Journal of Alternative Agri- Information Center of the National Agricul- culture, 1988. Vol. 3, Nos. 2 & 3, pp. 83-97. tural Library in the Organizations Section of this guide for "QB" ordering information. General References

Complimentary Interactions Between Insect Pheromones in Plant Protection Weeds, Weed Control Practices and Pests in A.R. Jutsum and R.F.S. Gordon 1988 Horticultural Cropping Systems R.D. Published by: William HortScience 16:0 1981 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Distribution Center Double Cropping and Interplanting Quick One Wiley Drive Bibliography Series No. 89-97 1/87-5/89 Somerset, NJ 08875-1272 Breeding and Selecting Crops for Insect Pest (800) 879-4539 Resistance 1/83-6/88 Quick Bibliography $109 Series No. 89-75 132 Pest Management

Extension Publications A few examples of other types of traps that See the University Resources section of are not associated with pheromone use are this guide for OSU, WSU, PNW, and Univer- given below. sity of California publications ordering infor- mation. Be sure to include the publication • Copper strips—barriers against slugs and number when ordering. snails • Peat paper plant collars—barriers against Washington State University Extension cabbage root maggot and other pests Publications • Spiral tree guards-protects plants against small vertebrate pests, mechanical damage, Codling Moth Control - A New Tool for and sun scald Tuning Sprays EB 1072 1982 25e • Tanglefoot—a non-toxic sticky barrier

Insect Publications and Extension Developers, Manufacturers, and Entomologists CO 921 No Charge Distributors of Insect Attractants, Oregon State University Extension Traps and Related Supplies Publications Adapted, with permission, from a table in Alternatives in Insect Management, Insect The Strawberry Crown Moth: A Pest of Attractants and Traps, University of Illinois at Strawberries and Caneberries 1984 Urbana-Champaign. Additional companies EC 1175 produce attractants and traps; no endorsement or discrimination is intended by the listing Managing Leafrollers on Caneberries in presented here. Oregon 1988 EC 1263 Selecting and Monitoring Pheromones Traps Companies specializing in pheromone in Insect Pest Management December 1984 identification and formulation EC 1207 Bedoukian Research, Inc. Extension Publications from other Universities Finance Drive Danbury, CT 06810 Insect Attractants and Traps February 1990. University of Illinois EC 1297. From Bend Research, Inc. the "Alternatives in Insect Management" 64550 Research Road series. $2. Bend, OR 97701 Available from: Office of Agricultural Frank Enterprises, Inc. Communications and Education 700 Rose Avenue 69-04 Mumford Hall Columbus, OH 43219 1301 West Gregory Drive Urbana, IL 61801 Provesta Corporation 14 C4 Phillips Bldg. Bartlesville, OK 74004 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 133

Distributors (retailers') of attractants, traps, Iselin and Associates and supplies 4520 S Juniper Tempe, AZ 85282 Aeroxon Products, Inc. P.O. Box 249 Kenco Chemical Mfg. Corp. 3 Cottage Place P.O. Box 6246 New Rochelle, NY 10802 Jacksonville, FL 32236 (904) 359-3005 Beneficial Biosystems 1603 - 63rd St. Mellinger's Emeryville, CA 94608 2310 W South Range Road (415) 655-3928 North Lima, OH 44452 (216) 549-9861 Dewill, Inc. 61 S Herbert Road Natural Gardening Research Center Riverside, IL 60546 P.O. Box 300 Sunman,IN 47041 Down to Earth (812) 623-3800 P.O. Box 494 Eugene, OR 97440 Nature's Way Products (503) 342-6820 Earlee, Inc. 726 Spring St. Farmer Seed & Nursery Co. JeffersonviUe, IN 47130 818 NW 4th St. (812) 289-9134 Faribault, MN 55021 (507) 334-1623 The Necessary Trading Co. 602 Main St. Great Lakes IPM New Castle, VA 24127 10220 Church Rd. NE (703) 864-5103 Vestaburg, MI 48891 (517) 268-5693 Oregon Organics 7566 Perrydale Loop Growing Crazy Amity, OR 97101 P.O. Box 8 (800) 227-8979 TawasCity.MI 48764-0008 (517) 362-4201 Peaceful Valley Farm Supply P.O. Box 2209 Gurney Seed & Nursery Co. Nevada City, CA 95959 3916 Page St. (916) 272-4769 Yankton, SD 59079 Pest Management Supply Co. Harmony Farm Supply P.O. Box 938 P.O. Box 451 Amherst, MA 01004 Graton, CA 95444 (707) 823-9125 Pest-Select International P.O. Box 11646 Insects Limited, Inc. Phoenix, AZ 85017 Jessup Blvd. (800) 343-1164 Indianapolis, IN 46280 (602) 233-1772 134 Pest Management

J. L. Price Products, Inc. Health Chem Corp. P.O. Box 9 1107 Broadway South Milwaukee, WI 53172 New York, NY 10010 (414) 764-4670 (212) 691-7550

W. A. Rapp & Son, Inc. Heron Environment Co. 2031 S Eastwood St. Aberdeen Road Santa Ana, CA 92705 Emigsville, PA 17318 (714) 540-5805 (212) 691-7550

Santa Cruz Horticultural Supply Ladd Research Industries 220 Chestnut St. P.O. Box 1005 Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Burlington, VT 05402 (408) 423-8896 Olson Products Sterling International P.O. Box 1043 15916 Sprauge Ave. Medina, OH 44258 Veradale, WA 99037 (509) 926-6766 Pherotech, Inc. 1140 Clark Drive Manufacturers of attractants and traps Vancouver, B.C. Canada V5L3K3 AgriSense Reuter Laboratories 4230 W Swift, Suite 106 8450 Natural Way Fresno, CA 93722 Manassas Park, VA 22111 (209) 276-7037 Scentry, Inc. Almac Plastics, Inc. P.O. Box 426 6311 Erdman Ave. Buckeye, AZ 85326 Baltimore, MD 21205 (602) 233-1772 (301) 485-9100 Summit Chemical Co. Biocontrol Ltd. 117 W 24th St. 538 "I" Street Baltimore, MD 21218 Davis, CA 95616 (301) 467-1233 Consep Membranes, Inc. Trece, Inc. (formerly Zoecon Corp.) P.O. Box 6059 635 S Sanbom Road, Suite 17 Bend, OR 97708 Salinas, CA 93901 (800) 367-8727 outside Oregon (408) 758-0205 (503) 388-3688 in Oregon Wood Stream Corp. Grain Guard Front & Locust Sts. 205 Legion St. Lititz, PA 17543 Verona, WI 53593 (717) 626-2125 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 135

Table 1. Guklelines for using pheromone traps to monitor insect pests in Oregon. Reprinted with permission from Selecting and Monitoring Pheromone Traps in Insect Pest Management, Oregon State University publication number EC 1208.

Manufactur., trap style, Trapping Trap number, lure replacement Monitoring Interpretation Pest period placement interval frequency comments

Alfalfa looper, Apr 1-Aug 30 1 trap per 5 acres, Bend Research 1/wk Follow trap captures by Autographa californica minimum of 2 per field. Biolure: 20 wk sampling for eggs and/or (Speyer) Hang from stake at level Trece larvae. even with top of crop. Pherocon 1C: 4 wk

Beet armyworm, Apr 1-Aug 30 1 trap per 5 acres, Trece 1/wk Sample for larvae, Spodoptera exigua minimum of 2 per field. Pherocon 1C: 4 wk beginning 7-14 days after (Hubner) Hang from stake at level first moths are trapped. even with top of crop.

Black cutworm, Apr 1-harvest 1 trap per 5 acres, Trece 1/wk Sample for larvae, Agrotis ipsilon minimum of 2 per field. Pherocon 1C: 4 wk beginning 7-14 days after (Hufnagel) Hang from stake at level first moths are trapped. even with top of crop.

Cabbage looper, Apr 15-Aug 30 1 trap per 5 acres, Pest-Select 1 or 2/wk Sample for eggs as soon Trichoplusia ni minimum of 2 per field. Scentry Wing: 9 wk as moths are captured, or (Hubner) Hang from stake at level Bend Research begin larval sampling 2 even with top of crop. Biolure: 16 wk weeks after moths are Trece trapped. Pherocon 1C: 4 wk

Diamondback moth, May 1-Sept 15 1 trap per 5 acres, Trece 1/wk Sample for eggs and Plutella xylostella (L.) minimum of 2 per field. Pherocon 1C: 4 wk larvae beginning 2 Hang from stake at level weeks after first moths even with top of crop. are trapped. (continued) 136 Pest Management

Manufactur., trap style, Trapping Trap number, lure replacement Monitoring Interpretation Pest period placement interval frequency comments

Com earworm, May 1-Sept 15 2 traps per field. Attach Pest-Select 2/wk If any moths are captured, Heliothis zea (presilking to tall stake so that Scentry Heliothis: 7-10 sample silks for eggs (Boddie) though harvest bottom opening is level days (beginning at 10% silk). in corn) with top of crop canopy. Bend Research Repeated insecticide Biolure: 16 wk applications are needed Trece when eggs are present.

Variegated cutworm, May 1-Sept 15 1 trap per 5 acres, Trece 1/wk Sample for eggs and Peridroma saucia minimum of 2 traps per Pherocon 1C: 4 wk larvae beginning 1 Hubn. field. Hang from stake at week after first moths level even with top of crop. are trapped.

Cranberry girdler June 10-June 20 Grass seed fields: 1 trap Trece Check and move Grass seed fields: webworm), per 20 acres; minimum of Pherocon 1C: lure traps daily (also Varieties differ greatly Chrysoteuchia topiaria 2 traps per field. Stake at replacement replace sticky in cranberry girdler (Zeller) level even with top of crop unnecessary trap bottoms) susceptibility; an canopy. Place where average o£ 40-50 damage usually occurs moths per trap per day first (well-drained ridges, for 5 or more days etc.); rotate to new sites (JunelO-June 20) daily. usually indicates a damaging population. Apply insecticides for adult control, usually June 15-June 20. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 137

Bug Vacs hoppers. There are three different models, one Strawberry, lettuce and grape growers are pulled and two that are pushed. on the leading edge of one mechanical option in In Massachusetts a "Beetle Eater" has pest management, pest-vacuuming. The been developed. This four row vacuum was concept is derived from the backpack insect originally designed to target the Colorado vacuum developed in the early 1960's for potato beetle on potatoes and can be used on sampling insects. Pest vacuums range from the peas, peppers, and various beans. This same hand held "dust buster" types which sell for company has also developed a one row version about $25-$40, to the massive "Salad Vac" of this vacuum for use in strawberries. which costs about $80,000. Although the technology does not work on all crops or pests, Suppliers of insect vacuuming numerous successes have been documented on devices specific pests of certain crops. The Bug Vac was introduced on straw- Hand-held and backpack varieties: berry farms primarily in the Watsonville, BioQuip Products Salinas, and Santa Maria, California areas for 17803 South La Salle Avenue lygus bug (Lygus spp.) management. The Gardena, CA 90248 machine is a tractor with a number of front (213) 324-0620 mounted vacuums that hover over the tops of strawberry plants. This "Bug Vac" spans four D-Vac Company rows of strawberries. Substituting the vacu- P.O. Box 2506 uming for chemical control has allowed Ventura, CA 93002 strawberry fanners to introduce integrated (805) 643-2325 forms of pest management for the western flower thrip and two-spotted spider mite. "Houdini" Hand-held Insect Vacuums: Unlike the Bug Vac, the more powerful and Bilou, Inc. costly Salad Vac spans eight rows of lettuce. P.O. Box 7 The machine consists of eight hydraulically- Farmington, WA 99128 driven vacuum fans mounted on the tractor (509) 287-2000 front. The Salad Vac is not specific, sucking Designed for greenhouses, uses disposable up whatever lies in its path, including benefi- cartridges (cost: about $1 each). Sells for cial insects, pests, soil, lettuce leaves and even about $36 worms. Presently, the Salad Vac has been more successful on the more open-leaf lettuce Peaceful Valley Farm Supply varieties. Lettuce farmers hope the vacuums P.O. Box 2209 will prove an economically practical manage- Nevada City, CA 94607 ment technique for whiteflys, aphids and other (916) 272-4769 lettuce pests. Less expensive and more versatile vacu- Bug Vacs: ums are being designed all over the country. McCluney Manufacturing, Inc. Grape growers in California are using vacuum 28 Morehouse Drive technology to aide in leafhopper management. La Selva, CA 95076 These machines, called "Vac U's", surround (408) 722-2194 two vine rows with a system of six vacuum heads, two on top and four on the sides. The vacuums are calibrated to suck up only leaf- 138 Pest Management

Beetle Eaters: General References Thomas Equipment LTD P.O. Box 130 Botanical Insecticides and Insecticidal Soaps Centreville, New Brunswick University of Illinois at Urbana- Canada EOJ 1HO Champaign 1989 (506) 276-4308 An Extension Circular (No. EC 1296) Periodicals that contain information on Bug from the "Alternatives in Insect Management" Vacs series. $2. The periodicals listed below sometimes Available from: print articles about bug vacs. See the Office of Agricultural Periodical section of this guide for more Communications and Education information. 69-04 Mumford Hall 1301 West Gregory Drive American Journal of Alternative Agriculture Urbana, IL 61801 IPM Practitioner (217) 333-1000 Journal of Pesticide Reform The Growers Edge Bt for Biocontrol A Quick Bibliography from The New Farm the National Agriculture Library. QB 90-92. For more information see the Alternative Alternative Pesticides Farming Systems Information Center in the Alternative pesticides encompass a wide Organizations Section of this guide. range of compounds. Nomenclature for these compounds is as varied as the materials Microbial Insecticides An Extension Circular themselves. This is not intended to be a user's from the University of Illinois at Urbana- guide to pesticides. Substances included here Champaign EC 1296 from the Alternatives in are microbial pesticides such as Bacillus Insect Management series, September 1989. thuringiensus, whose active components are $2 (see address listed above) microbes such as bacteria, fungi or viruses that are directly applied to the soil or plants. Some Grub Attack (milky spore disease) The products that have been newly marketed in the bacteria is applied as a powder to soil. Target United States have been included, such as pests are the grubs of the Japanese beetle, rose beneficial nematodes. Because ample informa- chafer, oriental beetle, and certain May and tion is available on traditional agrichemicals June Beetles. such as organo-phosphates, carbamates, Manufactured by: phenoxys, chlorinated hydrocarbons and Ringer Corporation (see address botanicals that have been used in the United above) States for over a decade these have been excluded here. Nolo Grasshopper Bait A bait of made from wheat bran containing a grasshopper-parasite (Nosema locustae). Manufactured by: Evans Biocontrol Inc. 895 Interlocken Parkway Broomfield, CO 80020 (303) 460-1780 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 139

BioSafe N A formulation containing Javelin var. kurstaki A more efficacious strain Steinernema carpocapsae, a beneficial nema- of var. kurstaki targets armyworms as well as tode, as the active ingredient to control imma- other Lepidopterous larvae. Registered for ture stages of black vine weevil and strawberry more than 50 crops including jojoba, peanuts, root weevil in cranberry fields. The nematodes soybeans, sunflower, tobacco, and grapes. are placed on a non-toxic polymer and packed Manufactured by the Sandoz Crop Protection inside a mesh bag. Formulated to be applied Corporation. through conventional irrigation systems as well as back pack sprayers. M-One var. san diego Target pests are the Manufactured by: larvae of Colorado potato beetles and the elm Biosys leaf beetle. Manufactured by Mycogen. 1057 East Meadow Circle Trident, also registered for the Colorado potato Palo Alto, CA 94303 beetle, is manufactured by Sandoz Crop (415) 856-9500 Protection Corporation.

Microbials Sod Webworm Attack WP This formulation is Below is a list of some new, improved or effective against sod webworm in lawns. different formulations and strains of Bacillus Manufactured by the Ringer Corporation. thuringiensis Berliner products. This list is not intended to be a complete list of Bt Soilserv Bacillus Pellets A bait composed of products. com, cottonseed meals and sweeteners. Target pests are cutworms and other Lepidopterous Certan var. aizawai A water dispensable larvae. Manufactured by Soilserv Inc. liquid concentrate to be used for wax moth management in beehives. Produced by the Microbial Insecticide Manufacturers' Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation. Addresses

Condor var. kurstaki Target pests include Abbott Laboratories larvae of the gypsy moth and spruce budworm. Western Regional Offices Manufactured by Ecogen. 1540 East Shaw, Suite 123 Fresno, CA 93701 Dipel 2X WP var. kurstaki Registered for (209) 277-2926 forage crops, berries, bulbs, vegetables, ornamentals, fruit crops, and tropical fruits. Ecogen Inc. Target pests are the larvae (caterpillars/worms) 2005 Cabot Blvd. West of many lepidopterous insects including the Langhorne,PA 19047 imported cabbage worm. Manufactured by (215) 757-1590 Abbott Laboratories. Mycogen Corporation Gnatrol var. israelensis Target pests are the 1413 Lone Tree Lane larvae of mosquitos, blackfly and fungus gnats. Roseville, CA 95661 Manufactured by Abbott Laboratories. Other (916) 773-0621 formulations of var. israelensis are Bactimos Briquets manufactured by PBI/Gordon Corpo- Novo Laboratory Inc. ration; and Mosquito Attack and Attack Rings 33 Turner Road manufactured by the Ringer Corporation. Danbury, CT 06810 (800) 252-6686 140 Pest Management

PBI Gordon Corporation Published by: 1217 West 12th Street John Wiley and Sons Inc. Kansas City, MO 64101 Distribution Center (816) 421-4070 One Wiley Drive Somerset, NJ 08873 Ringer Corporation (800) 879-4539 9959 Valley View Road Minneapolis, MN 55344 Biological Control by Natural Enemies (612) 941-4180 PaulDebach 1974

Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation The book traces the history of biological 1300 East Touhey Avenue control. Pesticide roles in the ecology of pest Des Plaines, IL 60018 management are discussed. The text is gener- (312) 699-1616 ously illustrated and contains a bibliography. $15.95 Softcover; $52.50 Hardbound. Soil Serve Published by: 1427 Abbot Street Cambridge University Press Salinas, CA 93901 32 East 57th Street (408) 422-6473 New York, NY 10022

Beneficial Organisms Biological Pest Control: The Glasshouse Beneficial organisms are a valuable tool in Experience pest management. Insect identification, N.W. Hussey and Nigel Scopes, Editors monitoring, and a dependable source of 1985 beneficials are vital components when employ- ing beneficial organisms in pest management. The primary focus of the book is green- Beneficial organisms can include parasitic house systems of Europe, but the profiles of insects, predator mites, spiders, and pathogenic common greenhouse pests and beneficials used bacteria, fungi as well as other organisms. in pest management may be applied to many Knowledge of the biology and ecology of these greenhouse operations. This book can be used organisms and the pests they attack can as a guide to design site-specific management enhance the success of pest management programs. Color and black and white photo- systems. graphs are included. $25. Published by: General References Cornell University Press P.O. Box 6525 Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Ithaca, NY 14851 Pesticides Brian A. Croft 1990

Written in textbook form, the book con- tains detailed technical information on the effects of combining pesticides and beneficial organisms in pest management systems. Chemical, physiological, genetic, environmen- tal, and managerial aspects are discussed. $89.95. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 141

Biological Pest Management for Interior Principles of Biological Pest Controls Plantscapes A videotape with information about the M.Y. Steiner and D.P. Elliot history of classical biological controls and advances underway prior to the use of DDT. Detailed information on the biological Practical applications are discussed. Video control of many greenhouse pests. Information tape no. 8017. $15. on the biology of the pests and beneficials and Published by: color pictures may be helpful in designing pest Natural Organic Farmers Association management systems. No Charge. Video Project Published by: RFD#2 The Entomology Section Barre, MA 01005 Alberta Environmental Centre (508) 355-2853 Vegreville AB TOB 4L0 Canada Shepherd's Purse: Organic Pest Control (403) 632-6761 Handbook for Home and Garden Designed for field identification and Complete Guide to Pest Control, With and organic management of pests this handbook Without Chemicals includes detailed colored drawings and descrip- George W. Ware 1980 tions of pest life-cycles. 1987. $5.95. Published by: How-to information about pest control in a Book Publishing Company simple, non-technical style. Information about P.O. Box 99 chemical and non-chemical tools, and ecology Summertown, TN 38483 of common pests are included. Sources of pests controls, a directory of State Cooperative Pacific Northwest Suppliers of Extension Services and a U.S./Metric conver- Beneficial Organisms sion chart are included. $22.50. Published by: Down to Earth Thomson Publications 500 Olive Street P.O. Box 9335 Eugene, OR 97401 Fresno, CA 93791 (503) 344-6357 (209) 435-2163 Hellide of Oregon Handling Beneficial Organisms on the Farm 9220 SE Stark Kenneth Hagen, John Plain, and Bob Wise Portland, OR 97216 (503) 256-2400 Available in English and Spanish, the videotape informs farmers about handling Hydro Tech shipments of live beneficial insects, making it 10929 NE Sandy Blvd. easier for them to use these management Portland, OR 97220 techniques on the farm. $23, includes tax, (503) 253-4097 shipping, and handling. Published by: Light Manufacturing Videowise 1634 SE Brookland 2156 North Fine Portland, OR 97202 Fresno, CA 93727 (503) 231-1582 (209) 251-8668 142 Pest Management

Nature's Control Resources for Organic Pest Control P.O. Box 35 Published by: Medford, OR 97501 Organic Gardening Magazine (503) 899-8318 Rodale Press 33 East Minor Street Northwest Garden Center Emmaus, PA 18098 9915 SE Foster (215) 957-5171 Portland, OR 97266 $1 (503) 771-6404 Suppliers of Beneficial Organisms in North Organic Pest Management America P.O. Box 55267 California Department of Food and Seattle, WA 98155 Agriculture 1992 (second edition) (206) 367-0707 A listing of beneficial organism suppliers Rain or Shine including ladybugs, lacewings, mosquito fish, 886 West Sixth Street parasitic nematodes and more. The booklet is Eugene, OR 97402 indexed to help match suppliers with specific (503) 484-7467 natural enemies they sell. Single copies are available free. Territorial Seeds Available from: P.O. Box 27 Department of Pesticide Regulation, 80030 Territorial Road Environmental Monitoring, & Pest Lorane, OR 97451 Management Branch (503) 942-9547 Attn: Beneficial Organisms Booklet 1220 N Street Directories of Suppliers of Beneficial P.O. Box 942871 Organisms Sacramento, CA 94271-0001 (916) 654-1141 Biological Control Agents and Where to Find Them A. Dreves and G.C. Fisher. 1989. Extension Publications OSU Extension Circular 1328. 750. Seethe See the University Resources section of University Resources section of this guide for this guide for ordering information. Be sure to ordering information. include the publication number when ordering.

Directory of Producers of Natural Enemies Oregon State University Extension of Common Pests Publications Published annually in the IPM Practitioner. For more information contact: Biological Control of Insects and Weeds in BIRC Publications Oregon TB 90 Box 7414 Introduction to Biological Pest Control in Berkeley, CA 94707 Greenhouses EC 1376. July 1991 (510) 524-2567 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 143

Washington State University Extension Publications

Beneficial Predators and Parasites Found on Washington Crops EB0640 250 Insect Publications and Entomologists EC 0921 No charge Organic Gardening EC 0648 Lady Beetles EB 1146 25e Minute Pirate Bug EM 3702 25<5 Big-Eyed Bugs EM 3703 25c Hover or Syrphid Flies EM 3704 259 Green Lacewing EM 3706 25e Black Blister Beetle EM 3813 25e

Pacific Northwest Extension Publications

Beneficial Organisms Associated with Pacific Northwest Crops PNW 343 January 1990 $1.

University of California Publications

Natural Enemies are Your Allies Poster The colorful, 17 by 24-inch poster shows close-ups of 20 beneficials. Produced by the UC Integrated Pest Management Project. $5.

University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana

Beneficial Insects and Mites Extension Circular 1298. Part of the "Alternatives in Insect Management" series. March 1990. $2. Available from: Agricultural Communications and Education 69-04 Mumford Hall 1301 Gregory Drive Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-1000 144 Pest Management

NOTES

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it is the only thing that ever has." Margaret Mead A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 145

Plant and Insect Nematodes Nematode William R. Nickle, Editor 1984 A general reference book organized into Management chapters by crops rather than by nematode General References types. Each chapter contains detailed discus- sions on the important nematode pathogens for Biological Options the listed crop. $185. Extension Publications Publisher: Periodicals Marcel Decker, Inc. Press 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 General References (800)228-1160 Principles and Practice of Nematode Control Bibliography of Nematode Ecology, in Crops Volumes I and 11 R.H.Brown and B.R. Kerry, Editors 1987 Ecology Committee, Society of Nematologists A general reference book on nematodes. The bibliographies include information The book includes practical information on regarding technical research on nematode analysis and prediction of nematode problems ecology from 1960 through 1980 (Volume I) to assist in management decisions, biological and 1981 through 1986 (Volume II). They are control, and crop resistance and tolerance to provided to members of the Society of Nema- nematodes. Principles of nematode control and tologists. They may be reviewed or purchased. chemical control measures are also discussed. For more information contact: Publisher: Dr. Russ Ingham Academic Press Inc. Botany and Plant Pathology 1250 Sixth Avenue Department San Diego, CA 92112 Oregon State University (714) 459-1743 CorvaUis, OR 97331 (503) 737-3451 Nematodes Deborah Wechsler 1988 Introduction to Plant Nematology (Second Edition) An introductory article about nematodes Victor H. Dropkin 1989 was published in the September 1988 issue of National Gardening. Identification of nema- The book describes the structure and tode problems, nematode biology, and alterna- physiology of nematode parasites of plants. tive methods of controlling nematodes are Detailed information on soils, diseases induced discussed. by nematodes, ecology and plant resistance is Publisher: included. $44.95. National Gardening Association Publisher: 180 Flynn Avenue John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Burlington, VT 05401 Distribution Center One Wiley Drive Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (800) 879-4539 146 Pest Management

Biological Options New Bt-Produced Biotoxins Mycogen Corporation announced in the February 1991 issue of the Fruit Grower that The addition of organic amendments and they have discovered novel strains of Bacillus soil solarization are two biological control thuringensis (Bt) that are toxic to plant methods that have been employed in nematode parasitic nematodes. The biotoxins will most management. Little research has been done to likely reach commercial markets in plants reveal how and why these methods work or do genetically engineered to be resistant to not work. The use of cover crops and crop nematodes. rotations for nematode management have been Developed by: widely employed. Unfortunately, little Mycogen Corporation information regarding biological control of 1413 Lone Tree Lane nematodes has been consistently documented or Roseville, CA 95661 published, as the following list attests. (916) 773-0621 ClandoSan 618 The active ingredient in this nematicide is Extension Publications chitin. Inactive ingredients include an organic buffer, minerals and urea which may exclude See the University Resources section of this its use by certified organic farmers. Qandosan guide for information regarding ordering OSU, 618 acts to stimulate growth of soil micro- WSU, PNW, and University of California organisms, such as fungus-like actinomycetes, publications. bacteria, and fungi. These microorganisms produce chitinase and other enzymes that Oregon State University Extension breakdown the chitin in the eggshells of plant Publications pathogenic nematodes. This pesticide is registered for most agricultural crops, orna- Bibliography of Nematode Interactions with mentals and lawns. See the product label for Other Organisms in Plant Disease complete information. Complexes SB 623 Producers: Indexed Bibliography of Nematode- Igene Biotechnology, Inc. Resistance in Plants SB 639 9110 Red Branch Road Columbia, MD 21045 Small Fruit Pests: Biology, Diagnosis and (301) 997-2599 Management WAEB 1388

Nematrol Washington State University Extension A nematicide that consists of ground and Publications pelletized sesame stalks. It is produced by a California farmer who noticed a significant Root Knot in Potatoes EM 2938 250 reduction in nematode problems in fields being Sampling for Nematodes in the Soil EB grown following sesame in rotation. It has 1379 25c been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency. Pacific Northwest Extension Publications Contact: Bob McBrayer Root-Knot Nematodes of the Pacific 4350 East Acampo Road Northwest PNW 190 25c Acampo, CA 95220 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 147

University of California Agricultural Publications

General Recommendations for Nematode Sampling 1981 How to sample population density. Publication No. 21234 $1 Nematodes 1981 Damage, symptoms, distribution, detection, sampling, and control of cyst, root-knot, and other nematodes. Publica- tion No. 3272 $3 Phytonematology Study Guide 1985 A manual of practical nematology in California, featuring host lists, nematode life cycle, damage, sampling, and control. Publication No. 4045 $5 Periodicals

The following periodicals occasionally feature articles on management practices for plant parasitic nematodes. More information on these references can be found in the Periodical section of this guide.

The Common Sense Quarterly Hortldeas The IPM Practitioner National Gardening The New Farm 148 Pest Management

NOTES

"God in His wisdom made the fly And then forgot to tell us why."

Ogden Nash A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 149 SOILS

General References Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, and Soil Amendments Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Soil Conservation and Erosion Management Windbreaks

Long-term productivity of soils is of paramount importance to agriculture. With the cultivation of virgin soils in the U.S. over the last 100 to 200 years there have been measurable losses in soil organic matter, erosion of top soil, salinization, and increased compaction. These problems are not universal, nor are they found to the same degree in every agricultural region or cropping system. With the exception of severely eroded land, crop productivity has thus far been maintained by use of inorganic fertilizers in spite of the other negative impacts on soil chemical and physical properties. Nonetheless, there is agreement that addition of organic amendments such as animal manures, crop residues and crop rotations to build organic matter is a goal the agricultural community should strive to meet.

To develop cropping systems that are more dependent on the internal resources of the farm and less dependent on external inputs, improved management of soils is critical. This section of the guide provides sources of information on managing soils toward these goals. Information includes efficient use of commercial fertilizers and organic soil amendments, and soil conservation. The resources listed in the "General References" section provide an excellent background on the role of soils in maintaining the natural resource base. Information about cover crops and crop rotations is included in the Vegeta- tion Management section of this guide.

Published by: General References Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc. P.O. Box 882, Madison Square Biological Interactions in Soil Station C.A. Edwards, B.R. Stinner, D. Stinner, New York, NY 10159 and S. Rabatin 1988 (212) 633-3650

Biology of soil-inhabiting invertebrates and microorganisms in relation to plant growth addressing is reviewed. Both basic and applied approaches are addressed. $134.25. 150 Soils

Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relation- The Role of Microorganisms in a Sustain- ships with Soils and Land Use able Agriculture Kenneth E. Lee 1985 J.M. Lopez-Real and R.D. Hodges, Editors 1986 Discusses earthworms' physical and chemical environment; phenology; predators, A variety of authors discuss the influence parasites, and pathogens; physical and chemi- of microbes such as actinomycetes, decay cal effects on the soil; land use practices; use fungi, mycorrhizal fungi, and antagonist for waste disposal; and use as an animal feed bacteria on soil structure; organic waste protein source. $82. recycling; nitrogen inputs; and biological Published by: control of microorganisms. $44. Academic Press Available from: 1250 Sixth Avenue agAccess San Diego, CA 92101 Box 2008 (619) 231-0926 Davis, CA 95616 (916) 756-7177 The Nature and Properties of Soils N.C. Brady 1984 The Role of Organic Matter in Modem Agriculture This classic soils text book includes a Y. Chen and Y. Avnimelech 1986 broad-perspective introduction followed by discussions of physical and chemical properties A technical book detailing the many ways of soils; water behavior in soils; soil organ- soil organic matter affects physical, chemical isms; nutrient and fertilizer relationships; and biological properties of soil. Suppression erosion; and chemical pollution of soils. of disease organisms, promotion of beneficial $61.95. microorganisms, and plant nutrients are discussed. $79.50. Out of the Earth: Civilization and the Life Published by: of the Soil Kluwer Academic Publishers Daniel J. Hillel 1990 101 Philip Drive Assimippi Park Norwell, MA 02061 Hillel, a world-renowned soil scientist, (617) 871-6600 provides a historical perspective on human's relationship with the soil and implications of Soil-Building Cropping Systems Conference mismanagement of soils on civilizations. Proceedings Articulates the perspectives on the present AERO 1988 crisis of long-term sustainability of the natural resource base in a readable and easily under- Proceedings from a farmer/scientist stood style. $22.50 (hardbound). workshop held by the Alternative Energy Both published by: Resources Organization (AERO). Information Macmillan Publishing Company on cover crops and crop rotations applicable to 866 Third Avenue the rain-fed cereal production areas of the New York, NY 10022 northwestern U.S., including information on (800) 257-5755 management strategies to increase soil organic matter. $9.95. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 151

Available from: Published by: AERO Sierra Club Books 44 North Last Chance Gulch 730 Polk Street Helena, MT 59601 San Francisco, CA 94109 (406) 443-7272 (415) 923-5603

Soil Management for Sustainability Soils for Management of Organic Wastes Robert Lai and F.J. Pierce, Editors 1991 and Waste Waters L.F. Elliott and F.J. Stevenson, Editors Papers from a workshop held in Edmonton, 1977 Alberta in August of 1989. $15. Published by: Topics included: properties of wastes and Soil and Water Conservation Society wastewaters; chemical, physical, and biological 7515 NE Ankeny Road properties of soils; effects of waste application Ankeny, IA 50021-9764 on nutrient cycles; site selection, design, and (515) 289-2331 transportation; special utilization and disposal problems; and environmental considerations. Soil Organic Matter: Biological and $23. Ecological Effects Available from: Robert Tate 1987 American Society of Agronomy 677 South Segoe Road A technical overview of the function and Madison, WI 53711-1086 behavior of soil organic matter in the eco- (608) 273-8080 system. The book outlines the nature and source of soil organic matter as well as organic matters effects on nutrient cycling, soil Soils and Soil Management structure, trace metal mobility. Current C. Sopher and J. Baird 1982 environmental pollution and management is also discussed. $44.95. A good introductory soil science text which Published by: describes the physical and chemical nature of John Wiley and Sons, Inc. soils; soil nutrients; and classification and Distribution Center conservation. Soil use is discussed in the One Wiley Drive context of agricultural, engineering, urban, and Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 recreational use. $42. (800) 879-4539 Published by: Prentice Hall Soil and Survival Route 9W Nancy Paddock, Jo Paddock and Carol Bly Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07362 1986 (800) 922-0579

The links of soil to civilization, history, culture and the earth are discussed. A major contention of the authors is that protection of soil and water is not solely an engineering problem. Land stewardship is discussed in Native American, Jewish, and Christian cultures. A variety of perspectives are presented. $19.95. 152 Soils

Soul of Soil: A Guide to Ecological Soil Washington State University Management Grace Gershuny and Joseph Smile 1986 Exchange Cations, Cation Exchange Capacity and Base Saturation, Soil Iron A guide to ecological soil management EM 2894 250 with explanations of the science of soil fertility. Soil Management in Yards and Gardens $8.50. EB 1102 500 Available from: Gaia Services Soil Treatment Procedures for the Home Box 84 RFD 3 Gardener EB 1158 25e St. Johnsbury, VT 05819 (802) 633-4152 Stalking the Hidden Horizon: The Making of a Soil Survey EB 1274 250 Extension Publications University of California Extension Publications See the University Resources section of this guide for information regarding ordering Compaction of Soil by Agricultural Equip- OSU, WSU, PNW, and University of ment No. 1881. Causes of and solutions for California publications. soil compaction problems. No charge. Oregon State University Extension Diagnosing Soil Physical Problems No. 2664 Publications 500

Agricultural Productivity Ratings for Soils How to Appraise Soil Physical Factors for of the Willamette Valley EC 1105 Irrigated Vineyards No. 2946. Soil depth, texture, structure; how to compensate for soil Agronomic Zones for the Dryland Pacific physical property differences. $1 Northwest PNW 354 Managing Compacted and Layered Soils Capillary Flow in Agricultural Drainage No.2635. Prevention and control of SB 629 compaction. $1 Effect of Dispersion Techniques on Mechani- Managing and Modifying Problem Soils No. cal Analysis of Oregon Soils TB 104 2791 How to compensate for surface compac- Model for Uptake of Organic Chemicals by tion, subsoil clay layers, and hardpan. $1.25 Plants SB 677 Soil Physical Environment and How it Sandy Soil and Soil Compaction CI 687 Affects Plant Growth No. 2280 $1 Soil Evaluation for Subsurface Sewage Storie Index SoH Rating No. 3203 500 Disposal EB835 A SoO-Geomorphic Study in the Oregon Coast Range TB 89 Soil and Water Management for Home Gardens EC 824 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 153

Soil Fertility, Fertilizers, Composting Fish By-Products William F. Brinton Jr. and Milton D. and Soil Amendments Seekins 1988

Maintaining or increasing soil organic Information about on-farm composting of matter is important to the long-term productiv- fish by-products is detailed in this book. $15 ity of soils. Soil organic matter: acts as a plus $2 shipping. storehouse for nutrients, increases anion and cation exchange capacity, i.e. improves the Fertile Soil - A Grower's Guide to Organic ability of soil to hold inorganic nutrients such and Inorganic Fertilizers as ammonium, potassium, phosphate, calcium Robert Pames 1990 and sulfate for plant uptake; provides energy for microorganisms; increases water-holding Pames' book discusses relationships capacity; stabilizes soil structure and tilth; and among organic residues, nutrients, soil, and helps reduce soil compaction. Use of organic plants. The controversy between organic and amendments such as animal manures, crop synthetic fertilizers is outlined. Information on residues, cover crops and crop rotations can be nutrients and crop nutrient requirements are methods to increase soil organic matter. Also, provided. $29.95. reduced tillage systems can have a positive effect on soil organic matter levels. Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers There are numerous alternative soil Woods End Laboratory 1989 amendments on the market today. In this section we list resources to aid growers in Organic and inorganic fertilizers are selecting appropriate soil amendments and compared. Major emphasis is placed on the information about application methods. importance of biological techniques and management of organic residues. $15 plus $2 General References shipping and handling. All three of the above listed available Biofertilizers in Agriculture from: N.S. SubbaRao 1985 Woods End Agricultural Institute Old Rome Road, Box 1850 The book details applications and interna- Mt. Vemon, ME 04352 tional research on biofertilizers. Biofertilizers (207) 293-2457 are microbial inoculants of live or latent cells of nitrogen-fixing, phosphate solubilizing Composting Observations in the Rodale microorganisms that may enhance fertility. Research Garden $34. Rodale Research Center 1988 Published by: Grower Publishers Co. A practical guide for composting without Old Post Road manure. Although the book is written prima- Brookfield, VT 05036 rily for gardeners, techniques may be adapted (802) 276- 3162 for use on small farms. 154 Soils

Composting of Poultry Litter, Leaves and A Practical Guide to Novel Soil Newspaper Amendments Rodale Research Center 1990 Janet McAlister

A research report of work done at the A guide for farmers and consumers. The Rodale Research Center. $5. guide provides details on various amendments available for use on farms. $6.95. Feasibility of On-Farm Composting Both available from: Rodale Research Center 1990 Rodale Research Center and Institute 222 Main Street A research report from the Rodale Emmaus, PA 18099-0015 Research Center. $5. (215) 967-5171 All three of the above listed available from: Fertilizers and Manures The New Farm Library Ken Simpson 1991 Attn. Christopher Klipple 222 Main Street The book includes information on using Emmaus, PA 18098 fertilizers and manures. It also includes an (215) 967-5171 extensive bibliography with citations of other sources of information. $39.95. Efficient Land Use of Sludge and Manure Published by: A. D. Kofoed, J.H. Williams and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. P.L'Hermite 1986 Distribution Center One Wiley Drive A seminar proceedings containing chapters Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 on use of nitrification inhibitors as additives in (800) 879-4539 liquid wastes to improve efficiency of nitrogen utilization; anaerobic digestion of farm manure Guide to Soil Suitability and Site Selection and food industry waste; alternative methods of for Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge sludge and manure applications; nutrient Manual 8 leaching losses following application of sewage J.H. Huddleston and M.P. Ronayne 1990 sludge; and rapid methods for assessing nutrient composition of farm slurries and other The guide emphasizes the effects on soil of wastes. $52.25. land applications of sewage sludge. Interac- Published by: tions among sludge, soil, crop and farm Elsevier Science Publishing Co. management are also discussed. Principles and P.O. Box 882 practical applications are stressed. First six Madison Square Station copies available at no cost, call for a price New York, NY 10159 quote if more than six copies are needed. (212) 989-5800 Available from: OSU Agricultural Communications - The Farmer's Fertilizer Handbook See the University Resources section New Farm Editors of this guide for ordering information

A practical guide to assist fanners in determining fertilizer rates. $17.95. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 155

Let It Rot Using Manure Resources Wisely Stu Campbell 1975 New Farm Editors

Details various methods of composting for A short, practical, how-to guide written for use on small farms and gardens. $5.95. farmers. Available from: Available from: Storey Communications, Inc. The New Farm Schoolhouse Road Rodale Press Pownal, VT 05261 222 Main Street (800) 827-8673 Emmaus, PA 18098 (800) 527-8200 Natural Systems for Waste Management and Treatment Nitrogen Efficiency in Agricultural Soils Sherwood C. Reed, EJ. Middlebrooks, and D.S. Jenkinson and K.A. Smith, Editors R.W. Crites 1988 1988

Natural treatment methods which rely on Proceedings from a seminar on nitrogen the use of plants, soils, aquatic, and terrestrial efficiency in agricultural soils and the efficient organisms are discussed. The book provides use of fertilizer nitrogen. The main topics of complete design information plus useful the seminar included: efficient use of fertilizers information on planning, concept evaluation, in agriculture; pathways for nitrogen loss from and site selection. Wetland systems, aquacul- crop and soil systems; and biological transfor- ture, sludge management, and land treatment mations of nitrogen and uptake by plants. systems are described. $42. $88.25. Published by: Available from: McGraw Hill Publishing Company Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc. 1221 Avenue of the Americas P.O. Box 882 New York, NY 10020 Madison Square Station (800) 262-4729 New York, NY 10159 (212) 633-3650 Organic Waste Recycling Chongrak Polprasert 1989 Soil Acidity and Liming Fred Adams, Editor 1984 A guide to the principles and practices of the recycling of organic waste materials. Discusses the chemistry of soil acidity; Covers topics such as the characteristics of physical effects of hydrogen, aluminum, and organic wastes, composting, bio-gas produc- manganese toxicities in acid soils; physical tion, algae production, aquatic weeds and their aspects of calcium, magnesium, and molybde- utilization, land treatment of wastewater, num deficiencies in plants; liming materials and planning, and institutional development. practices; and regional crop responses through- $72.50. out the U.S., including the Pacific Northwest. Published by: $33. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Available from: Distribution Center American Society of Agronomy One Wiley Drive Book Order Department Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 677 South Segoe Road (800) 879-4539 Madison, WI 53711-1086 (608) 273-8080 156 Soils

Soil Fertility and Fertilizers Both published by: Tisdale, Nelson, and Beaton 1985 Interstate Printer and Publishers P.O. Box 50 A classic soils textbook. Includes descrip- Danville, IL 61834-0050 tions of the occurrence, forms, soil behavior, (800) 843-4774 and plant uptake of each nutrient. Information on liming soils in humid regions, conservation The Effect of Soils and Fertilizers on Human tillage, and organic waste management is also and Animal Nutrition included. $57.95. W.H. Allaway 1975 Agricultural Bulletin Published by: No. 378. Macmillan Publishers 866 Third Avenue Available from: New York, NY 10022 Government Printing Office (800) 257-5755 Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Soil Fertility and Organic Matter as Critical Washington D.C. 20402 Components of Production Systems (202) 783-3238 Soil Science Society of America 1987 8:00 - 4:00 EST

The book provides technical descriptions Extension Publications of nutrient cycling and organic matter dynam- See the University Resources section of ics as they relate to agricultural production this guide for information regarding ordering systems. Information about simulated OSU, WSU, PNW, and University of computer models and their applications, California publications. conservation methods, and climatic influence on productivity are included. $32. Oregon State University Extension Available from: Publications Soil Science Society of America Book Order Department Calculating the Fertilizer Value of Manure 677 Segoe Road from Livestock Operations EC 1094 Madison, WI 53711 (608) 273-8080 Fertilizing Home Fruit, Vegetable and Ornamental Gardens FG 66 Western Fertilizer Handbook (7th Edition) Fertilizing with Sewage Sludge FG 64 and the Horticulture Edition of the Western Fertilizer Handbook (1st Edition) Gardening with Composts, Mulches, and California Fertilizer Association 1990 Row Covers EC 1247 Guide to Soil Suitability and Site Selection Two fertilizer handbooks for growers, for Beneficial Use of Sewage Sludge students, and consultants. Details on the Manual 8 sampling of plant parts for tissue analysis, nutrient formulations for hydroponics, govern- How to Calculate Manure Application Rates ment regulations, formulation, application, and in the Pacific Northwest PNW 239 storage methods of fertilizers are given. Both Land Application of Sewage Sludge FS 249 books also contains extensive conversion tables and useful information to calculate rates. A List of Analytical Laboratories Serving Color photographs show many common Oregon FG74 nutrient deficiency symptoms. $14.95 each. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 157

Manure Management Practices to Reduce TITLE AREA DATE FG# Water Pollution FS 281 Com, Field W.O. Apr 1983 10 Current Nutrient Status of Soils in Idaho, Cranberries S.O.* Sept 1989 75 Oregon, and Washington PNW276 Fertilizer & Lime Jun 1990 52 Effect of Temperature on Nutritional Materials Requirements of Plants TB 142 Fertilizing Home Jul 1990 66 Effects of Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Fruit, Vegetable & Ornamental Gardens Potatoes in the Willamette Valley TB 129 Fertilizing Home Feb 1989 EC 1278 Effects of Long-Term Fertilizer and Lawns -47 Management Practices on Growth and Yield Soil & Water of Pears Grown in a Clay Adobe Soil TB 82 Management for Effects of Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Home Gardens - 66 Jun 1985 EC 824 Fertilizer on Pole Beans TB97 Rural Domestic Water Supply-76 Feb 1991 EC 1374 Fertilizer and Lime Materials FG 52 Filberts Apr 1982 34 Fertilizing Shade and Ornamental Trees Grains, Spring W.O. Apr 1983 8 FS103 Grains, Irrig. TJming for Filbert Production in Western Spring-Planted E.O. May 1985 37 Oregon CI 650 Grains, Irrig. Spring-Planted Oreson Fertilizer Guides (Peat & Muck) Mar 1983 70 TITLE AREA DATE FG# Grass, Orchard W.O. Mar 1982 45 Alfalfa E.G.* July 1983 20 Grass, Tall Fescue W.O. Apr 1983 36 Alfalfa w.o: Mar 1983 18 Grass, Fine Fescue W.O. Mar 1982 6 Apples May 1989 - 23 Grass, Bluegrass N.E.* Mar 1985 31 Beets, Table w.o. Nov 1984 13 Grass, Bluegrass W.O. Mar 1982 44 Blueberries w.o. Dec 1991 78 Grass, Bentgrass W.O. Mar 1985 7 Caneberries w.o. Jan 1992 51 Grass, Turf Jun 1979 47 Beans, Bush w.o. Apr 1983 28 Grass, Perennial Carrots w.o. Apr 1983 29 Ryegrass w.o. Apr 1982 46 Cherries, Sweet July 1983 25 Grass, Annual Christinas Trees w.o. Mar 1983 73 Ryegrass w.o. Feb 1982 5 Clover, Red w.o. Apr 1983 17 Meadows, Native E.O. May 1985 22 Clover, Crimson, w.o. Apr 1983 30 Onions, Mineral Vetch, Field Peas Soils E.O. Apr 1983 65 Com, Sweet E.O. Aug 1979 62 Onions, Muck Soils w.o. Jun 1984 67 Com, Sweet w.o. June 1983. 11 Com, Field E.O. June 1983 71 158 Soils

TITLE AREA DATE FG# TITLE AREA DATE FG# Pasture, Sub- Walnuts Sept 1976 35 clover-Grass W.O. Apr 1983 4 Water Quality, Pasture, Sub- Irrigation Jan 1990 76 clover-Grass s.w. Jul1983 63 Wheat N.E. May 1962 FR 33 Pasture, Perennial Wheat, non-irrig. Grass (Columbia Plateau) Sept 1980 54 (non-irrigated) W.O. Aug1984 16 Wheat, Winter W.O. May 1989 9 Pasture, Irrig. Clover-Grass E.O. May 1983 21 Wheat, Irrigated E.O. July 1983 40

Pasture, Irrig. 'E.O. = Eastern Oregon; W.O. = Western Oregon; Clover-Grass S.W. Jul 1984 58 S.O. = Southern Oregon; N.E. = Northeastern Oregon Pasture, Irrig. Clover-Grass W.O. Octl984 1 Pastures, Irrigated CO. Mar 1963 FR38 Washington State University Extension Publications Peaches Apr 1982 53 Pears (Hood River) May 1985 59 Anhydrous Ammonia EM 3776 50e Peas E.O. Jul1983 72 Blackspot and Potato Fertilization in Peas W.O. Nov 1984 55 Washington's Columbia Basin XB 0862 Peppermint CO Apr 1963 FR41 Free Peppermint W.O. Apr 1983 15 Blueberry Fertilization EB 1235 25«; Peppermint and Current Nutrient Status of Soils PNW 276 Spearmint E.O. May 1983 69 50

How Much Fertilizer: Conversion Guide for Irrigated Melons, Squash, and Cucumber Gardeners EB 1123 250 FG 0014 250 Limestone, Magnesium, Trace Elements: Irrigated Peas for Central Washington Effect on Strawberry Plant and Yield XB FG0033 250 0776 Free Irrigated Strawberries for Central Nitrogen, Phosphorus Fertilizers for Head Washington FG 0015 250 Lettuce in Western Washington XB 0883 Irrigated Sweet Com, Central Washington Free FG0035 250 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Requirements for Irrigated Vineyards for Entire State Sweet Com in Western Washington XB FG0013 250 0950 Free Nutrient Content-Fruit Trees FG 0028F Phosphorus Fertilization, Broadcast Band- 250 ing and Starter EM 3295 25«: Orchard Cover Crops and Sod FG 0028B Residual Availability of Boron Applied to an 250 Irrigated Alkaline Soil XB 0829 Free Soil Samples/Orchards FG 0028C 250 Sewage Sludge Guidelines: Part 1-- Application to Farmlands EB 1430 500 Special Orchard Soil Tests FG0028D 250 Sewage Sludge Guidelines: Part 2--Site Vegetable and Flower Gardens, Except Selection and Management EB 1431 $1 Irrigated Central Washington FG0050 250 Sewage Sludge Guidelines: Part 3--Work- University of California Extension Publications sheet for Application Rate EB 1432 750 Guidelines for Fertilizing Vegetables - Soil Acidity in Central Washington Family Farm Series February 1983 Orchanfe EB 1334 25$ Gypsum and Other Chemical Amendments Soil Fertility and Nutrition Management of for Soil Improvement No. 2149 $1 Washington Vineyards EB 0874 250 Nitrate Losses from Irrigated Cropland No. Washington Fertilizer Guides 21136 $1.25 Causes and remedies. Soil Fertility Research No. 21376 $1 Cabbage, Broccoli, Cauliflower, and Brussel Directory to soil fertility and plant nutrition Sprouts FG0047 250 experiments conducted by the UC Cooperative Fertility Program/Tree Fruit FG 0028F 250 Extension and Agricultural Experiment Station Fruit Trees for Washington FG 0028A 250 Soil and Tissue Testing in California No. 1879 $4 Provides good information about Instructions for Tree Fruit Leaf Nutrient interpreting test results. Revised in 1983, Analysis FG0028E 250 56 pages Interpretation of Leaf Analyses-Tree Fruits in Washington FG0028G 250 Irrigated Asparagus FG0012 250 Irrigated Lima Beans for Central Washington FG 0042 250 160 Soils

Bibliographies Suppliers of Alternative Soil See the Alternative Farming Systems Amendments Information Center of the National Agricul- tural Library in the Organizations Section of this guide for ordering information. Pacific Northwest

Liming for Soil Enrichment QB 87-25 Charley's Greenhouse Supply 1569 Memorial Highway Climate, FertUizers, and Soil Fertility Mt. Vemon, WA 98273 QB 91-101 Composting equipment, organic soil Composts and Composting of Organic amendments Wastes QB 91-27 City of Portland Conservation Tillage, Including Minimum Maintenance Bureau and No-Tillage QB 90-15 2929 North Kerby Portland, OR 97227 Earthworms in Agriculture QB 90-63 (503) 248-5509 Legumes in Crop Rotations QB 90-02 Composted leaves Manures: Uses, Costs and Benefits Down to Earth Distributors QB 90-71 850 West Second Street Sewage Sludge in Agriculture QB 91-78 Eugene, OR 97402 (503) 342-6820 SoU Organic Matter: Impacts on Productiv- Organic soil amendments ity QB 91-24 Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Gamble Farms Recommendations QB 91-103 26142 Cory Road Junction City, OR 97448 Videotapes (503) 998-6976 See the Video Tapes and Other Media Composted chicken manure Offerings section of this guide for ordering information. Green Earth Organics 9422 - 144th Street East Composting for Farms Puyallup, WA 98373 (206) 845-2321 Composting equipment, organic soil amendments

Inland Pacific Fisheries Box 719 Ontario, OR 97914 (503) 889-2277 Fish fertilizer, fish meal, oil, bone meal A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 161

Integrated Fertility Management NATIONAL 333 Ohme Gardens Road Wenatchee, WA 98801 Agri-Mart, Inc. (509) 662-3179 9302 Denton Avenue Organic soil amendments, fertilizers Hudson, FL 34667 (800) 367-1963 MR Smith Incorporated Organic soil amendments, refractometers 157 McCleary-Elma Road and pH testers McCleary, WA 98557 (206) 495-4224 Bountiful Gardens Liquid fish fertilizer 5798 Ridgewood Road Willits, CA 95490 Northwoods Nursery Organic soil amendments 28696 South Cramer Road Molalla, OR 97038 Full Circle Garden Products (503) 651-3737 P.O. Box 6 Organic soil amendments Redway, CA 95560 Organic soil amendments Oregon Organic Perrydale Feed Co. Harmony Farm Supply 7566 Perrydale Loop P.O. Box 460 Amity, OR 97101 Warehouse: 4050 Ross Road (800) 227-8979 Graton, CA 95444 Organic fertilizers, compost, mulches (707) 823-9125 Organic soil amendments, fertilizers, Organic Pest Management biodynamic compost P.O. Box 55267 Seattle, WA 98155 Jean Jones Organic soil amendments Gardening Consultant, Schultz Co. P.O. Box 173 Oregon Soil Corporation St. Louis, MO 63043 17810 SW Bunker Oak Road Sells "Mixerator" - a device which at- Beaverton, OR 97006 taches to a garden hose-end and can hold mixes (503) 629-5933 which can be sprayed. (503) 658-8342 Earthworms, soil amendments, and related Midwestern Bio-Ag publications Highway ID Box 126 Blue Mounds, WI 53517 (800) 327-6012 Natural base non-toxic fertilizers, on-farm consulting, soil- and feed-analysis.

Moody Hill Farms Box 171 Amenia,NY 12501 (518) 789-3252 Organic soil amendments, consulting services 162 Soils

Natural Gardening Company Trickle Soak Systems 27 Rutherford Avenue P.O. Box 38 San Anselmo, CA 94960 Santee, CA 92071 Composting equipment, organic soil Organic soil amendments amendments The Urban Farmer Necessary Trading Company 2833 Vicente Street P.O. Box 305 San Francisco, CA 94116 New Castle, VA 24127 Organic soil amendments (800) 447-5354 Organic soil amendments, fertilizers, U.S. Soil composting equipment Drawer 926 Salida, CO 81202 Peaceful Valley Farm Supply (719) 539-3535 11173 Peaceful Valley Road Trace mineral fertilizers Nevada City, CA 95959 (916) 272-4769 Soil Testing and Plant Composting equipment, organic soil amendments, natural fertilizers, planting and Analysis potting mixes Biological and Soil Quality Testing: There is growing interest in "soil quality" tests. REOTEMP Instrument Corporation What is often implied is that there should be a 11568 Sorrento Valley Road biological index that measures the "health" of a Suite 10 given soil. Certainly there are biological San Diego, CA 92121 parameters that soil scientists have developed (800) 648-7737 for research purposes such as microbial Sells a variety of hand-held, stainless steel biomass, enzyme activities, and microbial compost thermometers with pointer stems up to counts that can be biological indexes. How- 72 inches long. The "standard model" with a ever, these tests are not typically done by 36 inch stem (temperature range from 0-200oF) commercial labs and, even if available, they are sells for around $80. expensive. Interpretation of results obtained from these tests is difficult. A major problem Saris Corporation with interpreting a biological index is that soils 1258 First Avenue South naturally vary widely in terms of native levels Suite 406, Box 315 of biological activity and soil organic matter. Seattle, WA 98134 Furthermore, there is no direct correlation of (206) 340-1835 these biological indexes with crop productivity. Seaweed based fertilizers and soil More research is needed before a meaningful amendments test can be used in routine soil testing. For those concerned about soil health perhaps the D. Taylor best advice is to measure soil organic matter 264 East Hemley Street (as total N or C) at five or ten year intervals to Bayou La Batre, AL 36509 determine whether the soil management (205) 824-4068 program being employed is increasing or Seafood meal decreasing soil organic matter. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 163

Chemical Soil Tests: Soil tests that use amount of that nutrient available to the plant chemical extracts of nutrients can be useful from the soil. Uses of such tests include being tools in determining nutrient requirements for able to make in-season corrections of fertility future crops and can improve fertilizer levels or to predict the nutrient requirements efficiency if soil samples are collected and for the next season's crops. results interpreted correctly. Plant tissue tests do not have the wide- Nearly all routine soil tests involve a rapid ranging applications that soil tests do. chemical test that measures a part of the total Although these tests can be useful, their value nutrient pool, which presumably relates to is often limited because there is a lack of availability of a given nutrient to the plant. research for many cropping situations, which is The amount of a given nutrient that is extracted required to properly calibrate plant tests. Plant is only meaningful if there has been extensive nutrient analysis tests are most often used with calibration relating extraction rates with plant high cash value crops and most notably with growth and yield under field conditions. Not perennial woody species. To use such a test, it all crops and/or regions have the necessary is imperative that the correct plant parts are field calibration data. Consequently it is collected and the recommended time of preferable to use local laboratories to run sampling be followed. analyses and local fertilizer recommendations. As a general rule, row crop plants are Your local Extension service office can provide sampled early in the growing season whereas you with information based on local research. woody perennial crops are sampled when Soil tests are useful but in order to fully leaves in July or August. Leaf analysis can be utilize their benefits you need to know the used on an annual basis. For perennial woody limitations of the particular testing procedure crops, collect fully expanded leaves from the and how to use the information it provides current season shoots. Specifics of how to correctly. It should be stressed that a soil test collect samples and how to interpret results can is only one source of information you can use be found in some of the fertilizer guides listed to determine fertility management practices. in the soil testing section of this chapter. You must take into account factors such as: field history (e.g. previous crops, past fertilizer applications), realistic yield goals, and your own personal experience. Plant Analysis: Plant tissue nutrient analysis is a diagnostic tool that determines the nutritional status of a crop by analyzing a plant part such as a leaf. Plant analysis tests are not a substitute for soil tests as each estimates different needs. While soil tests generally analyze for phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, and zinc; plant analysis can be used to determine nitrogen, magnesium, copper, boron, iron, and manganese deficiencies. There are two general types of plant nutrient analyses that can be used on fresh plant tissue: in the field, or in the lab. Tests run in the lab are more precise, but it takes longer to get the results. Plant nutrient tests presume that the amount of a given nutrient present in the sample is an indication of the 164 Soils

Soil sampling, analysis, and interpretation guidelines.

Procedure Comments

1. Obtain a fertilizer guide for the next Each state has guides (sometimes by region) crop and future crops you intend to for many of the crops grown. grown in a given field

2. Determine which nutrient(s) you need The fertilizer guides will tell you which nutrients tests run for are potentially deficient.

3. Using the guide, determine if a lime test Every crop has an optimal soil pH for optimum is necessary growth. A soil pH test can tell you whether you need to lime, but the results do not tell you how much lime to apply to correct achieve the optimum pH; a lime test (one type is the SMP buffer test) will tell you how lime much is needed.

4. Take soil samples correctly If a soil sample is taken without getting a sample that is representative of the field, or is contaminated, you've wasted your time and money. OSU guide #EC 628 contains informa tion about how to collect soil samples properly (see the University Resources section for ordering information).

5. Choose reputable lab to have soil There are many reputable testing labs in analyzed operation. For a list of labs see the next few pages. The OSU Extension service updates this list of labs on an annual basis.

6. Interpret results of soil test Do not solely depend on lab recommendations to make your fertilizer decision. Take into account your fertilizer use history and use common sense before making a final decision.

7. Keep records Keep your soil test results, and record the amount of fertilizer applied to each field. Over time such information becomes more valuable because you can check fertilizer recommen dations in relation to management practices and yields.

8. Test soils every 3-5 years A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 165

A List of ANALYTICAL LABORATORIES SERVING THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST This guide adapted from Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service publication, Fertilizer Guide 74, A List of Analytical Laboratories Serving Oregon. Used by permission.

Area ^ Analyses Served * JO e e 3 s s 1 S > a * "8 to m 1 Laboratory o -3 X ■3 Comments

A & L WESTERN AG. LAB Certified professional agrono- 1311 Woodland Ave., Suite 1 X X X X X X X X X X X mist on staff. Technical Modesto, CA 95351-4732 support for agronomy, horticul- (1) ture, nursery, golf course, and 209/529-4080 (2) landscape. California DHS certified for drinking water and environ, analysis. Certi- fied by Nat'l. Forage Testing Assn. Manure and sludge analysis. Fertilizer Analysis.

AGRI-CHECK, INC. Certified by: Nat'l. Forage 323 Sixth Street X X X X X X X X X X X Testing Assn., Washington State Univ., Soil Conservation P.O. Box 705 (1) Service. Industrial wastes, Umatilla, OR 97882 (2) sludge, manure. Environmental 503/922-4894 testing, wetland mitigation, 1-800-537-1129 nursery, forestry. Irrigation scheduling.

AGRI-TEST, INC. Industrial and animal wastes, 2043 Kimberly Road X X X X X X X X X X X sludges, plant toxins, fertilizer P.O. Box 4 (1) analysis; general chemistry, Twin Falls, ID 83303 plant tissue, feeds, water, soil, irrigation scheduling. 208/734-2303

ANTECH Commodities testing, micro- 501 NE Thompson Mill Ed. X X X X X X X X X X X biology, nutrient analysis, Corbett, OR 97019 pesticide residues, and soil (1) analysis. 503/695-2135 (2)

WILLIAM F. BLACK Chemical and physical soil SOIL TESTING X X X X X X tests. Fertilizer recommenda- E E tions for all field crops, land- 503 N. Gardner, P.O. Box 317 W W (1) scaping, nursery, greenhouse. Burlington, WA 98233 Fertilizer and lime analysis. 206/757-6112 Specific gravity, dry matter, moisture content, etc.

BRAUN INTERTEC On-site sampling, hazardous NORTHWEST, INC. waste assessment, total X X X X X X X X X petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), 5405 N. Lagoon (1) volatile/semi-volatile organics; P.O. Box 17126 (2) GC-MS, environmental and Portland, OR 97217-0126 hazardous waste testing, 503/289-1778 Fax: 289-1918 sludges and industrial effluents, PCB's. 166 Soils

Area + Served Analyses s B a 3 CA u f 4? 1* s i a > = at Laboratory 4* CA Comments 1 1 1 1 1 X

BROOKSIDE FARMS LAB Manures; Nat'l Alfalfa Hay Testing Assn. certified, 308 S. Main Street X X E X X X X X X X environmental and New KnoxviUe, OH 45871 (1) hazardous waste analysis; 419/753-2448 complete soil physical (2) testing (USGA procedures) for golf courses.

CASCADE ANALYTICAL, INC. Sludge and hazardous 3019 G.S. Center Road X X X X X X X X X X waste analysis; lime material analysis; Wenatchee, WA 98801 (1) contract research. DOE 509/662-1888 (2) accredited, waste water. Certified by Dept. of Health.

Environmental, CENTURY TESTING hazardous waste, and drinking water analysis LABORATORIES, INC. x X X X X X X X X X lab. Multi-state P.O. Box 1174 (1) accreditations, certified Bend, OR 97709 (2) under USEPA CLP Iflb 503/382-6432 Program, and by Nat'l Alfalfa Hay Testing Assn.

CH2MHILL Environmental and Redding Environmental Laboratory X X X X X X X X X hazardous waste 5090 Caterpillar Road (2) analysis. Redding, CA 96003 916/244-5227

Comprehensive envi- COFFEY LABORATORIES, INC. ronmental lab offering X X X X X X X X X X soil, plant tissue and 12423 NE Whitaker Way W hay testing; fertilizer Portland, OR 97230 (1) analysis; sewage sludge, 503/254-1794 (2) pesticide and env. Fax: 503/254-1452 waste testing; organic, inorganic, micro- biological and micro- scopic analysis and radiological services.

Comprehensive COLUMBIA LABORATORIES pesticide/herbicide P.O. Box 40 X X X X X X X X X X residue analysis of Corbett, OR 97019 (1) crops, water and soil; 503/695-2?,87 (2) environmental, microbiological and nutritional analysis.

DATACHKM LABORATORIES, Environmental and INC. X X X X X X X X X hazardous waste testing and IH analysis. EPA Sorenson Research Park Contract Lab, AIHA, 960 West LeVoy Drive CDC accredited. Salt T,ake City, UT 84123-2547 NIOSH primary contract 800/356-9135 lab. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 167

Area ^ Analyses Served

a S 3 e CA f 3 s > ° a m V 1 Laboratory 1 £ 1 S r 6 Comments DATA LAB Analysis of drinking water Route 1, Box 129 (certified by State of E N E X X X X X X X Washington), waste and Colfax, WA 99111 (1) irrigation water, soils, plant 509/397-3478 (2) tissue, and feeds.

Accredited by California DELLAVALLE LABORATORY, Dept. of Health Services INC. X X X X X X X X X X X for inorganic drinking water and waste water 1910 W. McKinley, Suite 110 (1) analyses. Irrigation Fresno, CA 93728-1298 (2) scheduling, soil reclama- 209/233-6129 tion, fertilizer mgmt. and related services available.

FPL, ENVIRONMENTAL Pesticides, herbicides, chlorophenoxy herbicides, FOOD PRODUCTS LAB, INC. X X X X X X X X X X N-methyl carbamate, 4110 NE 122nd, #130 (1) HPLC, GC, AA, drinking Portland, OR 97230 (2) water, hazardous wastes. 503/253-9136

HARRIS LABORATORIES X X X X X X X X X X X Full service laboratory, microbiology, fertilizer, P.O. Box 80837 (1) 624 Peach Street manure, and sludge (2) analysis. Lincoln, NE 68501 402/476-2811

HARVEY LABORATORIES Systems analysis program P.O. Box 686 X X X X X X X X for soils, plant tissue, water, manure. Patterson, CA 95363 (1) 209/892-9661 or 209/531-6184

Complete environmental LAUCKS TESTING analyses including X X X X X X X hazardous waste and LABORATORY X X X sewage sludge. Certifica- 940 South Hamey Street (1) tions/accreditations include Seattle, WA 98108 (2) Wa. Dept. of Ecology, Wa. 206/767-5060 Fax: 767-5063 DSHS, USDA, Wa. Dept. of Agriculture. USEPA contract lab program analyses.

NEBLSON RESEARCH CORP. Specialize in complete 245 S. Grape Street X X X X X X X X X X X environmental, hazardous Medford, OR 97501-3123 waste, and sewage sludge (1) testing. Certified by EPA 503/770-5678 (2) and State of Oregon.

NORTHWEST AGRICULTURAL Soil and plant analysis. CONSULTANTS X X X X X X X X X Fertilizer recommendation. Water analysis, nematode 2545 West Falls (1) bioassay. Certified WA Dept Kennewick, WA 99336 (2) of Health USD soil and plant 509/783-7450 exchange program. 168 Soils

Area * Analyses Served s se 3 'I 2 I(fl •a 3 > Laboratory i 9 a 1 Comments 1 3 1 1 X £ Formerly Soil Testing OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY Laboratory and Central Analytical Laboratory E X X X Horticulture Plant Analysis Laboratory. Ag & Life Sciences Bldg., Rm. 3079 W (1) Corvallis, OR 97331 Located in new Agriculture and Life 503/737-2187 Soil samples Science Building. Plant 503/737-5716 Plant samples samples accepted July - Sept. Soil samples accepted throughout the year.

PENINSU-LAB Field/lab pest and 5795 NE Minder X X X X X disease evaluation, contract research. Soil Poulsbo, WA 98370 microorganism 206/297-3295 or 1-800-635-6866 • evaluation. Orchard replant tests.

SOIL & PLANT LABORATORY, On-site field calls. Manure analysis. Lab INC. X X X X X X X X at P.O. Box 153 (352 P.O. Box 1648 (1) Mathew St.) Santa Bellevue.WA 98009-1648 Clara, CA 95052-0153 206/746-6665 Fax: 562-9531 408/727-0330

Certified by Nat'l. SOILTEST FARM Alfalfa Hay Testing X X X X X X X X X X Assoc., Washington State CONSULTANTS, INC. Univ.; Montana and 2925 Wapato Drive (1) Western States soil Moses Lake, WA 98837 exchange program, 509/765-1622 irrigation scheduling, effluent and environ- mental testing, manure and sewage sludge analysis.

SOUTHERN OREGON Tissue analysis; aerial ANALYTICAL SW X X X X X X photography, nematode sampling and mapping, 22109 Stateline Road E hay testing; irrigation P.O. Box R scheduling, fertilizer Merrill, OR 97633 analysis. Also serve N. 503/798-5112 California.

STUKENHOLTZ LABORATORY Irrigation scheduling. Addison Avenue East X X X X X X X X X X X Manure and sludge Box 353 analysis. Fertilizer and (1) plant tissue analysis. Twin Falls, ID 83303-0353 (2) Research. 208/734-3050 or 1-800-759-3050 FAX 208/734-3919

UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO Irrigation and drinking water analysis. Tissue Analytical Laboratory X X X X X X X X X analysis, fertilizer Holm Research Center (1) analysis and pesticide Moscow, ID 83843 (2) and herbicide analysis. 208/885-7081 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 169

Area „, Served Analyses s e 3 £ s U I 2. S u > Laboratory 1 9 I 2 U 1 Comments o 1 £ 1 S3

USAg ANALYTICAL SERVICES Contract Research. 1320A E. Spokane Street X N X X X X X X X Fertilizer analysis. Pasco, WA 99301 Irrigation and drinking (1) water analysis. Quality 509/547-3838 (2) Assurance. All Western States.

WATER ANALYTICAL Certified in Oregon, LABORATORY AND X X X X X X X X X X Washington, and Idaho" for drinking water CONSULTANTS (1) analysis. We also 361 W 5th Ave. (2) analyze irrigation water. Eugene, OR 97401 503/485-8404 1-800-262-5973

WESTERN LABORATORIES, Certified by National INC. X X X X X X X X x X Alfalfa Hay Testing Association. P.O. Box 1020 (1) Parma, ID 83660 208/722-6564

WOODS SOIL ANALYSIS LAB Rt. 3, Box 134B E E X X X Tum-a-Lum Road (1) Milton-Freewater, OR 97862 503/938-7446

* E, W, S or N indicate portion of a state. (1) indicates testing of irrigation water; (2) indicates testing of drinking water.

A listing of laboratories approved by the Oregon Health Division for drinking water analysis can be obtained by contacting the Oregon Health Division, Drinking Water Systems, P.O. Box 231, Portland, OR 97207-0231, or call 503/229-6310 or 503/229-6307.

Prepared by John Hart, Extension Soil Scientist, and Lois Lessert, Office Specialist, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 170 Soils

General References pi I Kits Separate pH kits are available for Western Critical Nutrient Ranges in Northwest Oregon and for Eastern Oregon. Each kit Crops contains three 40 ml. bottles of dye, three color A. Irving 1980 cards, a spot plate, and instructions. The Western Oregon kit covers the pH range from Provides information about how and when 3.8 to 7.6 and the Eastern Oregon kit covers to take plant tissue samples, and how to the pH range from 6.0 to 9.6. Each kit sells for interpret plant analysis results. Includes $11 references for studies that were used as the Available from: basis for each recommendation. Publication Oregon State University Soils Club number WREP 43. 50e. Department of Crop and Soil Science Available from: Ag & Life Sciences Building 3017 OSU and WSU~see the University Corvallis, OR 97331-7306 Resources section of this guide for (503) 737-5712 ordering information In-Field Nitrate and pH Testing Equipment How to Take a Soil Sample A "portable laboratory" which allows Na-Churs Plant Food Co. rapid in-field testing of soil, water, plant tissue, and plant sap for nitrate concentration and pH, A brochure that outlines the step-by-step using special electrodes and a digital-readout process of taking a soil sample. meter has been developed by the Hach Available from: Company. Conservation Technology Information For more information contact: Center Hach Company 1220 Potter Drive, Room 170 P.O. Box 389 Purdue Research Park Loveland, CO 80539 West Lafayette, IN 47906-1334 (317) 494-9 pH Meter Pike Laboratory has developed a "pHep Soil Testing and Plant Analysis Meter", a glass-electrode pH meter accurate R.L. Westerman, Editor 1990 within plus or minus 0.2 pH units. The meter is battery powered and should test hundreds of A technical book that summarizes soil samples before the electrode gives out. $51 testing and plant analysis as a diagnostic tool postpaid. for use in assessing nutritional requirements of Available from: crops, efficient fertilizer use, saline-sodic Pike Lab Supply, Inc. conditions, and toxicity of metals. Discussions RFD 2, Box 92 are included on analytical instrumentation used Strong, ME 04983-9607 in soil testing, plant analysis, and data process- (207) 684-5131 ing. $38. Available from: Soil Science Society of America Book Order Department 677 South Segoe Road Madison, WI 53711-1086 (608) 273-8080 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 171

Extension Publications Soil Conservation and See the University Resources section of this guide for information regarding ordering Erosion Management OSU, WSU, PNW, and University of California publications. General References

Oregon State University Extension Conservation Farming Publications Harold Huges 1980

How to Take a Soil Samplc.and Why The guide provides information on energy EC 628 expenditures, water, soil, fertilizers, pesticides, and efficiency of farm implements other than A List of Analytical Laboratories Serving tractors. $19. Oregon FG74 Available from: Washington State University Extension Deere and Company Publications Department 333, John Deere Road Moline, IL 61265 Intensive Soil Sampling XB0781 Free (309) 765-4516 Lab Test for Predicting Lime Requirement Conservation Technology Information for Acid Mineral Soils XT 0088 Free Center (CTIC) Orchard Soil Sampling EM 4429 25«! CTIC publishes a newsletter, Conservation Impact, eleven times per year which focuses on Principles of Soil Sampling for Northwest soil conservation, water conservation, and Agriculture WREP 0009 25e water quality. They also sponsor a program called PACT, or Profitable Agriculture through Source, Degree of Soil Variability in Field Conservation Technology. Awards are given Problem of Sampling for Tests, Fertility annually for outstanding writing by North XB0749 Free American journalists who have featured the environmental and economic aspects of conser- PNW Extension Publications vation technology. A booklet containing Current Nutrient Status of Soils in Idaho, reprints of the winning PACT articles is Oregon, and Washington PNW 276 $.050 available free. Other products and services available from CTIC are listed below. Mem- Fertilizer Band Location for Cereal Root bership to CTIC is $15 per year. Access PNW 283 50(5. A slide/cassette-tape For more information contact: series with the same title as PNW 275 provides National Assoc. of Conservation Districts a summary of the bulletin. It is also available Conservation Tech. Information Center on 1/2 inch, VHS videocassette. The slide/ 1220 Potter Drive, Room 170 cassette set costs $8 plus shipping. West Lafayette, IN 47906-1334 (317) 494-9555 Bibliographies

Soil Testing and Plant Analysis for Fertilizer Recommendations QB 89-52, April 1989 Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricul- tural Library in the Organizations Section of this guide for ordering information. 172 Soils

A Directory of Audio/Visual Materials from Benefits of Conservation Tillage CTIC is also available; some of the titles are Conservation Tillage: Does it Pay? listed below. For information contact: Cultivators for Conservation Tillage Conservation Film Service Drills Box 776 League City, TX 77574-0776 Equipment for Ridge Planting (713) 332-3402 Estimating Percent Residue Cover using Directory of Conservation Tillage Clubs and the Line-Transect Method Associations How to Form a Conservation Tillage Qub Directory of Conservation Tillage Pamphlets Management Considerations in a Ridge and Brochures Plant System

Grower Network - A computerized data base Managing Crop Residues to Minimize of experienced conservation farmers through- Detrimental Effects on Crop Growth out the country who are willing to share their No-Till Planters-Equipment and knowledge and expertise with others. Adjustments National Survey, Conservation Tillage No-Till Weed Control Strategies Practices 1983-1989-National regional, state, Planning a Conservation Field Day county information available in hard copy, magnetic tape or diskette formats. A user- Plant Nutrient and Soil Acidity friendly software, CEDAR is also available on Management for Conservation Tillage diskette. Residue Management to Control Soil No-Till Farming - Contains explanations of Erosion by Water budget items, definitions of tillage terms, and The Fundamentals of No-Till Farming crop budgets for corn and soybeans. Available through CTIC for $4.95 a copy. Deserts on the March Resource Specialist File - A computer data Paul B. Sears 1935 (Reprinted: 1988) base of experts in soil conservation, water A description of desertification that blends conservation, and water quality. history, geography, ecology and philosophy. Learning Materials - Some products include $14.95. activity posters, activity books, teacher's Available from: guides, text book covers, and puppets with University of Oklahoma Press 1005 Asp Avenue scripts. Computer programs may also be used Norman, OK 73019-0445 to enhance classroom activities. (800) 627-7377 Conservation Tillage Fact Sheets - Printed on recycled paper, these fact sheets are available for 30 each. There is a minimum charge of $3 per order. Titles are listed below. Request an order form from the CTIC office (address listed above). A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 173

The Economics of Soil Erosion: A Hand- Foundation Seed book for Calculating the Cost of Off- Site The OSU Agricultural Experiment Station Damage and the WSU Agricultural Research Center, in American Farmland Trust 1986 cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture have released various willow The handbook outlines methods to assist cultivars selected for erosion control in moist local officials to assess the extent and cost of places, restoration of streambanks, and stabili- damage from soil erosion upon outlying areas. zation of streambanks. Limited foundation Two case studies from Minnesota are pre- stock is available to commercial nurseries, sented. $5. researchers, and arboretums. Sales to the general public are expected in the future. Eroding Choices, Emerging Issues: The For more information contact: Condition of California's Ag Land Foundation Seed Project Resources Crop Science Building, Room 023 American Farmland Trust 1986 Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 An extensive inventory of California's (503) 737-4032 farmland including statistics on the rate and extent of farmland conversion, soil erosion, Green Fields Forever salinization, and water supply. Policy options Charles E. Little 1987 to conserve agricultural resources are presented. $10. Provides a look at the costs and benefits of Both available from: conservation tillage. Several variations of American Farmland Trust conservation tillage are discussed, including Publications Department case studies of farmers who have used the 1920 N Street NW, Suite 400 various conservation techniques. $14.95. Washington, D.C. 20036 Published by: (312) 427-2943 Island Press Box 7 Eroding Soils: The Off-Farm Impacts Covelo, CA 95428 E.H. Clark II, J.A. Haverkamp and (800) 828-1302 W. Chapman 1985 No-Tillage Agriculture: Principles and An analysis of how soil erosion affects Practices water quality and causes off-site problems. Ronald E. Phillips 1984 Chemical, physical, hydrological, and ecologi- cal impacts of soil erosion are included. The The effects of climate, soil adaptability for effectiveness of current techniques is discussed. no-tillage, soil moisture and fertility, energy $15. requirements, response of weeds and herbi- Available from: cides, other pests and their control, changes in Conservation Foundation soil properties, multiple cropping, and equip- Affiliate of the World Wildlife Fund ment are discussed. $40.95. 1250 - 24th Street NW Published by: Washington D.C. 20037 Van Nostrand Reinhold (202) 293-4800 115 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10003 (800) 926-2665 174 Soils

No-Tillage and Surface-Tillage Agriculture: Role of Legumes in Conservation Tillage The Tillage Revolution Systems M.A. Sprague and G.B. Triplett, Editors J.F. Power, Editor 1987 1986 Proceedings from a national conference Detailed information on management of held in 1987. Contains information on legumes soil, crop management systems for a variety of as a nitrogen source, germplasm resources, geographic locations and crops, pest manage- cropping practices, economics, erosion and ment, and economic evaluation is provided. productivity, and weed, insect, and disease $52. control agents. $13. Published by: Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Soil Conservation Society of America Distribution Center 7515 NEAnkeny Road One Wiley Drive Ankeny, LA 50021-9764 Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (608) 273-8080 (800) 879-4539 Soil and Water Conservation for Productiv- Plowman's Folly and A Second Look ity and Environmental Protection Edward H. Faulkner 1943 and 1987 R.L. Donahue, J.A. Hobbs, and F.R.Troeh 1980 The blame for the Dust Bowl is placed on the moldboard plow in this book by Edward History of soil erosion; predicting soil loss; Faulkner. The reprinted edition (1987) soil surveys and land planning; cropping includes the sequel. $19.95. systems; tillage practices for conservation; Published by: conservation structures; vegetating other areas Island Press of high erosion hazard; economics of soil Division of Center for Resource conservation; and soil and water conservation Economics agencies are included in this book. 1718 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 300 Published by: Washington D.C. 20009 Prentice Hall (202) 232-7933 Route 9W Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 Ridge TiD Hotline (800) 722-0579 A monthly publication offering readers information on developments in ridge-tillage. Soil Conservation: Assessing the National Features include farmer experiences, research Resources Inventory, Volume 1 and Extension information, machinery and National Academy of Sciences 1986 chemical supplier data, government programs, and other topics related to ridge tillage. Ridge A national inventory including information Till Hotline is published by Lessiter Publica- on methods of improving federal resource tions which also produces No-Till Farmer assessment efforts, measures of soil erosion, Newsletter. Write for a sample issue. consequences of soil erosion, assessment of For more information contact: conservation practices, and land classification Ridge Till Hotline schemes. $15. P.O. Box 624 Brookfield, WI 53008-0624 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 175

Soil Conservation: Assessing the National Solutions to Environmental and Economic Resources Inventory, Volume 2 Problems (STEEP) National Academy of Sciences 1986 STEEP is a comprehensive research and extension program in Idaho, Washington, and A collection of reports which expand and Oregon working toward the development of support Volume 1, Volume 2 details three management technologies for productive aspects of the National Research Institute: (1) farming systems which conserve soil and water analytical results and methods of soil erosion, resources. This regional network began 15 (2) applications of the data to ephemeral gully years ago and includes the USD A, universities, erosion, wind erosion, erosion control prac- agricultural business firms, and wheat produc- tices, and off-site erosion damage, and (3) ers in the Pacific Northwest. Research projects resource policy specifically as it relates to new include experiment station and on-farm re- cropland conversions, conservation programs, search on plant pathology, weed science, soil and NRI's role in state and local decision fertility and agricultural engineering. Some of making. $30. the notable outcomes of STEEP research have Both volumes available from: included erosion control, erosion prediction, National Academic Press machinery technology, bio-control of diseases Division of National Academy of and weeds, and water conservation. The Science STEEP Extension Program was initiated was 2101 Constitution Avenue NW initiated to provide information thorough Washington D.C. 20418 County extension agents, Conservation Dis- (202) 334-3180 tricts, USDA-SCS personnel, wheat grower associations, crop improvement associations Soil Erosion: Crisis in America's and private agricultural service industries. The Croplands? STEEP Extension Farming Update is pub- Sandra S. Batie 1983 lished quarterly and contains articles on research findings. A discussion of the history, causes, and For more information contact: possible solutions of soil erosion problems. Agricultural Research Service, USDA Details current conservation programs, tech- Director, Pacific West Area niques for reducing soil erosion. Barriers to 800 Buchanan Street adoption of techniques including economic and Albany, CA 94710 philosophical obstacles to their adoption are (510) 559-6060 discussed. Strategies for developing more effective soil preservation policies are outlined. Director, Idaho Agricultural $9.50. Experiment Station Available from: University of Idaho Conservation Foundation Agricultural Science Building 1250-24th Street NW Moscow, ID 83843 Washington D.C. 20037 (208) 885-7173 (202) 293-4800 Director, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University 138 Strand Agricultural Hall Corvallis, OR 97331-2201 (503) 754-4251 176 Soils

Director, Washington Agricultural Extension Publications Research Center See the University Resources section of Washington State University this guide for information about ordering OSU, 403 Hulbert Hall WSU, PNW, and University of California Pullman, WA 99164-6240 publications. (509) 335-4563 Oregon State University Extension Steep - Conservation Concepts and Publications Accomplishments 10-Year Symposium Proceedings 1987 Costs of Alternative Tillage Practices in the Western Region of the Willamette Valley Summarizes technological developments in EM 8250 soil erosion and conservation farming research achieved over the past decade. An up-to-date Marginal Analysis of Soil Loss Control on bibliography on research in the Northwest is the Mission-Lapwai Watershed, Idaho SB included. 667 Available from: Uniform Combine Residue Distribution for Conferences and Institutes Successful No-TOI and Minimum Tillage 208 Van Duren Systems PNW 297 Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-5222 Erosion, Sediment, and Water Quality in the High Winter Rainfall Zone of the North- Tillage Options for Conservation Farmers western United States Agricultural Experi- USDA 1989 ment Station 1980 Examines erosion and runoff, relationships of physical parameters to Focuses on different types of conservation erosion and sediments, water quality, and some tillage systems and some of the agencies who cooperative studies. assist growers. Subsurface Drainage: An Erosion Control Available from: Practice for Western Oregon? J.D. Istok, Your local SCS Office L. Boersma, and G.F. Kling 1985. This is the or from: results of two experiments which were con- United States Department of ducted to determine the effectiveness of sub- Agriculture surface drainage as an erosion control practice Soil Conservation Service on western Oregon lands. P.O. Box 2890 Washington, D.C. 20013-2890 Use of Minimum Tillage in Oregon: Special Report 807 L. Boersma, R.G. Mason, and Video Tapes D. Faulkenberry 1987. This report is con- See the Video Tapes and Other Media cerned with aspects of minimum tillage in Offerings section of this guide for ordering Oregon such as frequency of use, practices information. used with minimum tillage, and the sources of information used by minimum tillage growers. Conservation on Your Own The use of minimum tillage by wheat growers is also examined. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 177

Washington State University Extension Government Resources Publications Conservation Reserve Program Absentee Landowners Influence on Palouse Under this program, managed by United Erosion Control Practices XC0607 Free States Department of Agriculture, farmers are Conservation Terminology EM 4553 25

The SCS has area offices located in several objectives, and tree and shrub species for arid, locations throughout Oregon, Idaho, and semi-arid, temperate, and tropical areas. $221. Washington. See the Federal Government Published by: Listings in your local phone book to locate the Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc. SCS office nearest you, or contact the office P.O. Box 882, Madison Square listed below under "nonpoint source pollution." Station New York, NY 10159 Nonpoint Source Pollution (212) 633-3650 "Nonpoint source pollution" is pollution which arises from many diffuse sources and is Windbreaks, Shelterbelts, and Living Fences caused by the movement of water through QB 90-49 rainfall or snowmelt. The water may pick up Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems natural or manmade pollutants along the way Information Center of the National Agricul- such as: excess fertilizers, herbicides, or tural Library in the Organizations Section of insecticides from agricultural or residential this guide for ordering information. areas; sediment from improperly managed crop and forest lands, improperly managed Videotapes construction sites, and eroding stream banks; See the Video Tapes and Other Media salt from irrigation practices; and bacteria and Offerings section of this guide for ordering nutrients from livestock, pet wastes, and faulty information. septic systems. The SCS may be contacted for more information on how to prevent such Windbreaks: Planning, Planting and Care pollution. See the Federal Government Listings in your local phone book to locate the Extension Publications SCS office nearest you. See the University Resources section of For more information contact- this guide for ordering OSU and WSU USD A Soil Conservation Service publications. State Office 1220 SW 3rd Avenue, Room 1640 Pacific North West Publications Portland, OR 97204 (503) 326-2751 Trees Against the Wind PNW0005 Windbreaks Washington State University General References Trees of Washington EB0440 $1.25 Where to Get Trees to Plant: Forest, Windbreak Technology Windbreak, and Christmas Trees EB 0790 J.R. Brandle, D.L. Hintz, and 25e J.W. Sturrock 1988

A selection of papers presented at the first International Symposium on Windbreak Technology and summarizes the available worldwide literature, now available in a book. Information is presented on general design criteria, principles of planting and establish- ment for a wide range of conditions and A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 179 WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Directories Irrigation Management Techniques Water Quality Extension Publications Periodicals Videos Organizations

JVlanaging water resources is becoming increasingly more important for a variety of reasons includ- ing: drought, water quality concerns, an increasing need for water in urban areas, and the rising costs associated with irrigation, to name a few. This section highlights: directories that provide information about where to find expertise on water-related questions; irrigation management information; and water quality publications and testing labs.

A Guide to Water Management Agencies in Directories Oregon Water Resources Commission November Directory Of Water Resources Expertise in 1990 Oregon Water Resources Research Institute 1991 The guide is designed as a cross reference of agency responsibilities in water resource A listings of universities, colleges, agencies management. State, federal, local, and regional and organizations in Oregon with water related agencies and organizations are included. interests in Oregon. Also included are lists of Names of agencies only are included; no water testing laboratories in Oregon and addresses or telephone numbers are listed. Washington. The publication is revised every Free. few years. $5. Available from: Available from: Water Resources Commission Water Resources Research Institute 3850 Portland Road NE Oregon State University Portland, OR 97310 Corvallis, OR 97331 (503) 378-3739 (503) 737-4022 180 Water Resource Management

A Guide to Water Research Information farm operations, the plans explain how to build Sources in the State of Washington a filter in a few hours with less than $50 worth P. Lambert, Editor 1973 of materials. Available from: For more information contact: The State of Washington Water B.W. Roberts Research Center Wes Watkins Agricultural Research & Allbrook Laboratory Building Extension Center Washington State University Oklahoma State University Pullman, WA 99164-3002 P.O. Box 128 (509) 335-5531 Lane, OK 74555

Publications List: Idaho Water Resources Economic Optimization of Irrigation Research Institute (WRRI) M.J. English, A.G. Nelson, B.C. Nakamura, K.C. Nielsen, G.S. Nuss 1983 A comprehensive listing of publications produced by the Idaho's WRRI office. The problems of scheduling, risk assess- Available from: ment, and system design for deficit irrigation Idaho Water Resources Research (deliberately under irrigating a crop) are Institute discussed. Economics of optimum irrigation Morrill Hall 106 practices are also outlined. Publication University of Idaho number: WRRI-80 sells for $4. Moscow, ID 83843 (208) 885-6429 Efficiency Performance Criteria for Irrigation Systems The California Resource Guide to H.J. Hansen and M.M. Shearer 1983 Agricultural Irrigation Services 1989 A report of a study done in Oregon's This guide lists incentives, special loans, Willamette Valley to determine the efficiency technical assistance sources, irrigation services performance levels of existing irrigation by organization, and includes complete direc- pumping plants. Pump efficiencies are also tory of contacts. discussed. $4 Available from: agAccess Simulating Farm Irrigation System Energy P.O. Box 2998 R.B. Wensink, J.W. Wolfe and M.A. Kizer Davis, CA 95617 1976 (916) 756-7177 The book reports the results of an Oregon Irrigation Management State University study conducted to evaluate the total amount of non-renewable energy Small-Scale, Low-Cost Filters for Drip resources that are consumed in the irrigation Irrigation Systems process. Five portable and permanent sprinkler B.W. Roberts and C.W. O'Hem 1990 system types, plus trickle and gravity irrigation systems were stadied. An evaluation of energy Researchers at the Watkins Agricultural required to manufacture, install, operate and Research Center in Oklahoma have designed a transport the equipment for the entire irrigation "home made" filter as an alternative to the season was included in the analysis. The study more expensive, commercially available was conducted in a variety of operating systems. Designed primarily for small-scale situations with varying acreage, consumptive A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 181 use rates, and total irrigation requirements. All three published by: Request publication number WRRI-44. $4. Inform 381 Park Avenue South Subsurface Heating and Irrigation of Soils: New York, NY 10016 Its Effect on Temperature and Water (212) 689-4040 Content and on Plant Growth E.W.R. Barlow, A.R. Sepaskhah and L.L. Irrigation: Design & Practice Boersma 1974 B. Withers and S. Vipond 1980

The practice, effectiveness, and efficiency Irrigation practices including system of heating and irrigating the soil below the design, drainage, flow measurements, land surface is outlined in this paper. Request preparation, feasibility studies, irrigation publication number WRRI-23. $4. practices, soil moisture, crop water use and All four publications available from: saline soil conditions are described in detail. Water Resources Research Institute $17.95. 210 Strand Agriculture Hall Available from: Oregon State University Cornell University Press Corvallis, OR 97331 124 Roberts Place (503) 737-4022 P.O. Box 250 Ithaca, NY 14850 Irrigation (800)666-2211 C.H. Pair, Editor 1983 Simplified Irrigation Design PeteMelby 1988 A technical reference for the design, installation and operation of sprinkler irrigation A practical, clearly written manual on systems. Details of equipment, soil conditions, irrigation design for beginners. Sprinkler and plant requirements, water supply and efficient drip irrigation design, use and installation are water use are included. The appendix contains described. Assembly of irrigation systems and charts and data for sizing systems, determining equipment is detailed. Charts and appendices capacities of structures, measuring flow, and for calculating pipe sizes, flow water require- conversions. $29. ments and application rates are included. $29.95. Winning With Water: Soil Moisture Published by: Monitoring for Efficient Irrigation PDA Publishers Corporation G. Richardson and P. Mueller-Beilschmidt 115 Fifth Avenue 1988 New York, NY 10003 (212) 254-9292 Using gypsum blocks to monitor soil moisture levels is described in detail. $29.95. Tips on Irrigating Vegetables Family Farm Series April 1986 Managing Irrigation with Gypsum Blocks G. Richardson and P. Mueller-Beilschmidt A 16-page publication comparing 1989 sprinkler, furrow, and drip irrigation systems for small farms. Irrigation efficiency is A step-by-step guide to measuring soil discussed in detail. Charts and appendices on moisture with gypsum blocks. Water and cost application rates, pipe and furrow size, flow conserving methods of irrigation are detailed. calculations and equipment are provided. No $10 hardbound; $4.50 paperback. charge. 182 Water Resource Management

Available from: agriculture to direct run-off in fields; and, to Small Farm Center assist managing areas with poor drainage. ABS Extension For more information contact- University of California Water Structures Unlimited Davis, CA 95616 Dave Doolaege (916) 757-8910 P.O. Box 206 Carlotta, CA 95528 Quick Bibliography Series (707) 768-3439

Drip and Trickle Irrigation for Water Water-Efficient Demonstration Garden Conservation QB 91-23 The Seattle Water Department is sponsor- ing a water-conserving demonstration garden at Water-Conserving Irrigation QB 89-35 the South Seattle Community College Arbore- Wastewater Irrigation QB 90-64 tum. Many plants native to the Pacific North- west as well as drought-tolerant ornamentals Nonpomt Source Pollution, an Agricultural are displayed. Some water conserving tech- Concern QB 89-77 niques such as drip irrigation, soaker hoses, Ground Water Contamination QB 90-62 moisture sensitive probes,soil amendments, Available from: mulch and cultural practices are displayed. Alternative Farming Systems Informa- For more information contact: tion Center, see the Organizations South Seattle Community College section for ordering information 6000 - 16th Avenue SW Seattle, WA 98106 Management Techniques (206) 764-5336 Water Quality Permanent Raised Beds John Sundquist Effects of Conservation Tillage on Ground- A one-page informational handout on water Quality permanent raised beds by a Pacific Northwest T.J. Logan, J.M. Davidson, J.L. Baker and farmer. Details on how to create raised beds M.R. Overcash 1987 and retrofitting equipment is included. No charge; send a self addressed stamped Potential contamination of groundwater envelope. and surface water by nitrates and pesticides as Available from: a result of widespread shifts from inversion John Sundquist tillage to conservation tillage are the focus of River's Turn Farm this book. The effects of conservation tillage 31139 Lane's Turn Road on physical, chemical, and biological processes Eugene, OR 97401 in soil and on surface and groundwater hydrol- (503) 683-1905 ogy are included.

Water Walls Water walls are designed to help contain flooding, sedimentation, and to store water. They can be used: as temporary dams; to make viable aquaculture-rearing units; as portable water storage units; experimentally A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 183

Environmental Impacts of Agricultural Pesticides and Groundwater: A Guide for Production Practices the Pesticide User L.W. Canter 1986 The 17-page guide discusses groundwater movement and factors that increase the risk of Both published by: contamination. Written for pesticide users and Lewis Publishers, Inc. rural residents concerned about groundwater 121 South Main Street contamination, the guide outlines pesticide P.O. Drawer 519 properties, soil properties and site factors are Chelsea, MI 48118 all discussed. Publication No. NRAES-34; (800) 525-7894 $3.25. Available from: Health Guidance Levels for Agricultural Northeast Regional Agricultural Chemicals in Groundwater Engineering Service National Agricultural Chemicals 152 Riley Robb Hall Association 1985 Cornell University Cooperative Extension Available from: Ithaca, NY 14853 National Agricultural Chemicals (607) 255-7654 Association 1155 -15th Street NW Pesticides in Soil and Water Washington, D.C. 20005 W.D. Guenzi, Editor

Killing the Hidden Waters A comprehensive review of the principles C.Bowden 1985 of environmental effects of pesticide-soil-water interactions. Pesticide movement in soil and An engaging account of the depletion of surface water, adsorption, volatilization, groundwater in the Southwest. The author degradation and persistence, plant uptake, contrasts modem, highly consumptive desert detoxification, and sampling are detailed. The lifestyles with those of aboriginal inhabitants influence of pesticides on micro-organisms in and suggests trying to construct a sustainable soil and water on non-target invertebrates in society. $7.95. fresh water is also discussed. $20. Available from: Available from: University of Texas Press Soil Science Society of America P.O. Box 7819 677 South Segoe Road Austin, TX 78713-7233 Madison, WI 53711 (800) 252-3206 (608) 273-8080

Managing Nitrogen for Groundwater Pesticides: Surface Runoff, Leaching, and Quality and Farm Profitability Exposure Concerns R.L. Becker, D. Herzfeld, K.R. Ostlie, and A 378-page booklet published by the Soil E.J. Stamm-Katovich Science Society of America (SSSA). $36. Available from: Information is provided on physical SSA Headquarters Office properties of commonly used pesticides. Book Order Department Movement off-site through leaching or surface 677 South Segoe Road run-off and potential to adversely affect water Madison, WI 53711-1086 quality are described. Tables on toxicology of 184 Water Resource Management pesticides, restricted use pesticides, and extension agents, conservationists, and pesti- pesticide properties in the soil are included. cide applicators. $4 single copy; $3 each for 5 $2. or more copies. Available from: Available from: Minnesota Extension Service AERO University of Minnesota 44 North Last Chance Gulch St. Paul, MN 55108 Helena, MT 59601 (612) 625-8173 (406) 443-7272

Planning for Groundwater Protection Pump Test Requirements for Groundwater William Page, Editor 1987 Right Holders Water Resources Department of Oregon The book provides information about: January 1990 contamination processes; groundwater systems; and options to protect from and respond to The booklet outlines pump requirements contamination. Program development and and specifications, and how to test pumps management procedures are outlined. $49.95. including listings of testing operators. Free. Published by: Available from: Academic Press Water Resources Department 1250 Sixth Avenue 3850 Portland Road NE San Diego, CA 92101 Salem, OR 97310 (619) 231-0926 (503) 378-3739

Private Drinking Water Supplies: Quality, Rural Clean Water Program (RCWP) Testing, and Options for Problem Waters Environmental Protection Agency 1990 Northeast Regional Agricultural Engineer- ing Service (NRAES) 1991 RCWP projects implemented by the EPA and existing local and state agencies in various A 60-page bulletin outlining drinking water states to control agriculturally generated quality and testing information. $6. nonpoint source pollution are described. Available from: Lessons learned from these programs are NRAES discussed. The program in Tillamook Bay 152 Riley-Robb Hall employing BMP to lessen fecal coliform Cornell Cooperative Extension bacteria counts in the Bay is detailed. Ithaca, NY 14853-5701 Available from: (607) 255-7654 EPA Headquarters 401 Main SW Protecting Groundwater from Agricultural Washington, D.C. 20460 Chemicals: Alternative Strategies for (202) 382-5043 Northwest Producers Christine Kaufmann and Nancy Matheson 1990

Reducing threats to groundwater quality requires an understanding of the interactions among the physical, chemical, and biological resources of production systems. The guide was written for farmers, ranchers, researchers, A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 185

Soils for Management of Organic Wastes Available from: and Waste Waters American Farm Bureau Federation L.F. Elliott and F.J. Stevenson, Editors Natural and Environmental Resources Division Chapters on properties of wastes and 225 Touhey Avenue wastewaters; effects of waste application on Park Ridge, IL 60068 nutrient cycles, special utilization and disposal (312) 399-5700 problems, and special environments consider- ations are included. $23. Extension Publications Available from: American Society of Agronomy 677 South Segoe Road See the Extension section of this guide for Madison, WI 53711 information about ordering OSU, WSU, PNW (608) 273-8080 and University of California Publications. Be sure to include the publication number when Water Resources: Issues and Strategies ordering. Adrian McDonald and David Kay 1989 WSU Extension Publications Management problems and strategies for more equitable and efficient resource control in Simple Irrigation Schedule Using Pan developed and developing countries is outlined. Evaporation EB 1304 25e Water quality, water supply, flooding, and Sprinkler Irrigation: Application Rates and hydropower are discussed in detail. Appropri- Depths EB 1305 25«; ateness and sustainability of systems are also discussed. $36.95. Optimal Irrigation Management Under Published by: Conditions of Limited Water Supply John Wiley & Sons Inc. EB 1498 75c 605 Third Avenue Irrigation Requirements for Washington: New York, NY 10158-0012 Estimates and Methodology EB 1513 $1.50 (800) 879-4539 Clean Water for Trickle Irrigation Water for Every Farm - Using the Keyline EM 4052 25« Plan Clean Water for Washington EB 1634 25«! P.A.Yeomans 1981 Comparing the Costs of Leasing or Buying a Published by: Sprinkler Irrigation System EM 4106 Second Back Row Press Pty. Limited Application of Herbicides Through Gevett Street Irrigation Systems MISC0091 25c Katoomba 2780 Australia WSU Drought Advisory: Sweet Corn EM 4815 Free Water Quality Self-Help Checklist WSU Drought Advisory: Hop Management American Farm Bureau in Water-Short Periods EM 4816 Free A detailed checklist to aide users in WSU Drought Advisory: Business Strate- analyzing the domestic and farm water quality. gies for Controlling Drought Risk EM 4818 How to take water samples and suggested local Free and individual actions are outlined. $1. 186 Water Resource Management

WSU Drought Advisory: Pastures and OSU Extension Publications Grass Hay EM 4819 Free Consumptive Use and Net Irrigation WSU Drought Advisory: Tree Fruits Requirements for Oregon CI 628 EM 4820 Free Irrigation Water Quality FG76 WSU Drought Advisory: Visual Crop Moisture Stress Symptoms EM 4821 Free Rural Domestic Water Supply EC 1374 WSU Drought Advisory: Irrigation System Understanding Your Right to Irrigation Evaluation EM 4822 Free Water EC 1274 WSU Drought Advisory: Asparagus Irrigation in a Water-Short Year EM 4823 PNW Publications Free Pumping Plant Efficiencies PNW 285 25e WSU Drought Advisory: Alfalfa Irrigation with Reduced Water Supplies EM 4824 Offsets for Stationary Sprinkler Systems Free PNW 286 25<£ WSU Drought Advisory: Scientific Irrigation Runoff Control Strategies Irrigation Scheduling EM 4825 Free PNW 287 25

University of California Publications Periodicals Determining Daily Reference Evapo- The periodicals listed below often print transpiration #21426 $1 articles about water resources, irrigation, and conservation methods. See the Periodicals Does Drip (and other low-flow) Irrigation section of this guide for more information. Save Water? #21380 500 Conservation Impact Farmer-Stockman Drip Irrigation #2740 50

Area Extension Agents for Water Quality Northwest Area Operators Association, Inc. The Association is composed of irrigation Jefferson County: districts throughout the Pacific Northwest. WSU Cooperative Extension They hold an annual three day conference. P.O. Box 572 Every other year there is a tour of one of their Port Townsend, WA 98368 facilities. The organization is designed to share (206) 385-9158 new ideas and educate imgators throughout the districts. Topics or areas covered are: water Kitsap County: rights, pump and system efficiency, pipe lines University of Washington Sea Grant and canal lines. Program For more information contact: Courthouse Annex Northwest Area Operators Box 146 Association, Inc. Port Orchard, WA 98366 c/o U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (206) 876-7157 Boise, ID 83724 (208)334-1175 Mason County: WSU Cooperative Extension Northwest Renewable Resources Center University of Washington Sea Grant (NRRC) Program NRRC is a nonprofit organization provid- 9 Federal Building ing professional mediation services in complex Shelton, WA 98584 multi-party conflicts arising over the manage- (206) 427-9670 ment and use of natural resources, including water, land, timber, fish, and hydroelectric Thurston County: power. Governed by a board of industry, tribe, WSU Cooperative Extension environmental organization, and government 921 Lakeridge Drive SW agency representatives, NRRC acts as a Olympia, WA 98502 neutral mediation party. NRRC mediated the (206) 786-5445 Timber/Fish/Wildlife Project in Washington and the Water Antidegradation Policy Negotia- Idaho Citizens Network tions in Idaho. A nonprofit, statewide, citizens' action For more information contact: organization that deals with a broad range of Northwest Renewable Resources social justice and economic issues. They are Center (NRRC) assisting in the development of the state's 1133 Dexter Horton Building groundwater protection policy. They publish a 710 Second Avenue quarterly newsletter, the Citizen's Networker. Seattle, WA 98104 For more information contact: (206) 623-7361 Idaho Citizens Network Contact: Amy C. Solomon, Executive 1024 West Hays Director Boise, ID 83702 (208) 336-0997 Association of Conservation Districts (ACD) ACD is a national, voluntary, nonprofit association of soil and water conservation districts and water control districts, providing a unified voice for conservation. Primary activities of the districts include soil erosion control; conservation and development of water A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 189 resources; control of water pollution from conservation and protection of groundwater; to agricultural nonpoint sources; and protection, improve the standards and methods of drilling; conservation, development and enhancement of to prevent pollution and conserve supplies; to the quality and productive potentials of land keep members informed on industry matters; and water resources. There are state offices in and, to improve the public image of the both Oregon and Washington. groundwater industry. For more information contact: For more information contact: Oregon Association of Conservation Oregon Water Well Association Districts (OWWA) Harold Lampi, President 12170 West Stark Street Hamlet Route, Box 523 Portland, OR 97229 Seaside, OR 97138 (503) 644-4039 (503) 738-5998 Palouse-Clearwater Environmental Institute Washington Association of An environmental education organization Conservation Districts organized to involve citizens in public, environ- J. Read Smith, President mental decisions. The group works with Route 1, Box 69 agricultural, water quality, energy and waste St. John, WA 99171 issues. They conduct "adopt a stream" (509) 648-3922 programs in the area and publish a quarterly newsletter. OSU Extension Energy Program For more information contact: The Extension Energy Program publishes a Palouse-Clearwater Environmental number of video tapes and bulletins on irriga- Institute tion. A catalog of publications is available at P.O. Box 8582 no charge from the OSU campus office. Some Moscow, ID 83843 of the publications related specifically to (208) 882-1444 agriculture are also available at no charge including: Irrigation Pump Efficiency Test Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation (#A303), Maintaining Impact Sprinklers Service (ASCS) (#A304), Electric Motor Load Test (#A305). Administer federal cost-share programs The Montana Irrigators Pocket Guide is which provide financial assistance to farmers available from $3. Video tapes available are for conserving irrigation water and reducing listed in the Video section of this guide. nonpoint source pollution to improve water For more information contact: quality. Extension Energy Program For more information contact: Oregon State University Agricultural Stabilization and Batcheller Hall 344 Conservation Service Corvallis, OR 97331-2405 U.S. Department of Agriculture (503) 737-3004 Oregon State Office Room 1524, Federal Building Oregon Water Well Association (OWWA) 1220 SW Third Avenue OWWA organized as a trade association in Portland, OR 97204 November 1949. An affiliate member of the (503) 326-2733 National Water Well Association, the objec- tives of the Oregon association are: to assist and support the groundwater industry; to promote research and education of drilling, 190 Water Resource Management

Agricultural Stabilization and Oregon Operations Office Conservation Service 811SW Sixth Avenue U.S. Department of Agriculture Portland, OR 97204 Washington State Office (503) 221-3250 818 East Fifth Street Olympia, WA Water Resources Research Institutes (206) 753-9448 (WRRI) The WRRI centers are sponsored by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) U.S. Geological Survey to foster, encourage The SCS implements technical and finan- and facilitate research and education related to cial assistance programs relating to soil and all factors that affect the quantity and quality water resources through local Soil and Water of water resources in their respective areas. Conservation Districts. Additionally they Multi-disciplinary efforts required for solving establish and maintain a data base and issue critical water problems are coordinated and Water Supply Outlook and Forecast reports. technology is transferred through seminars, The USDA-SCS is represented in Oregon and research projects and publication dissemina- Washington through state offices, with area tion. offices (four in Washington; three in Oregon) For more information contact: and field offices (48 in Washington; 33 in WRRI Oregon) located throughout each state. University of Idaho For more information contact: Morrill Hall 106 Soil Conservation Service Moscow, ID 83843 U.S. Department of Agriculture (208) 885-6429 Oregon State Office Room 1640, Federal Building WRRI 1220 SW Third Avenue Oregon State University Portland, OR 97204 Strand Agriculture Hall (503) 221-2751 Corvallis, OR 97331-2410 (503) 737-2410 Soil Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Water Research Center Washington State Office Washington State University Rock Pointe Tower No. 2, Suite 450 Albrook Lab Building West 316 Boone Avenue Pullman, WA 99164-3002 Spokane, WA 99201-2348 (509) 335-5531 (509) 353-2337

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Agency Water-Related Activities include: management of drinking water programs; management of water quality programs; issue water permits and monitor compliance; and implement policy programs. For more information contact- Region 10 Regional Office 1200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, WA 98101 (206) 442-1200 A Sustainable AericuUure Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 191

Table 1. A list of water testing laboratories in Washington and Oregon. Laboratories that are not available for public use are not included.

------/"T^MTAA/ffMAMT /"'DnTT'D - LABORATORY ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER MICRO INORGANIC ORGANIC TTHM's RADS voc's

AM Test, Inc. 14603 NE 87th (206) 885-1664 ... Yes — ... Redmond, WA 98052 Applied Science Lab P.O. Box 195 (503) 842-5366 Yes — — — — — Netarts, OR 97143 Aquatic Analysis 11650 SW Pacific Hwy. (503) 620-5908 — * — — Portland, OR 97223 BWR Associates P.O. Box 4577 (503) 779-2646 Yes — — — — — Medford, OR 97501 Century Testing Labs P.O. Box 1174 (503) 382-6432 Yes Yes Yes Yes — — Bend, OR 97709 CH2M/Hill Environ. Labs P.O. Box 428 (503) 752-4271 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Corvallis, OR 97339 CH2M/Hill Environ. Sci. Lab 2218 Railroad Avenue (916)243-5831 — Yes Yes Yes Yes — Redding, CA 96001 Coffey Laboratories, Inc. 4914 NE 122nd Avenue (503) 254-1794 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Portland, OR 97230 Coffey Laboratories, Inc. 20 SW Emigrant (503) 276-0385 Yes — — — Pendleton, OR 97801 Columbia Laboratories, Inc. P.O. Box 40 (503) 695-2287 Yes Yes Corbett, OR 97019 D. H. McCowan Laboratory 178 W Commercial St. (503) 267-7853 Yes — — — Coos Bay, OR 97420 Douglas County Water Lab 621 W Madrone (503) 440-3571 Yes — — — Roseburg, OR 97470 Food Products Laboratory 4110 NE 122nd Ave. Suite 1 (503) 253-9136 Yes — — — Portland, OR 97230 Food Quality Analysis, Inc. 6400 SW Canyon Court #80 (503) 297-3636 Yes — — — Portland, OR 97225 Continued 192 Water Resource Management

CONTAMINANT GROUP LABORATORY ADDRESS PHONE NUMBER MICRO I NORGAI*

Grants Pass Water Lab 5577 Jerome Prairie Rd. (503) 476-0733 Yes Yes Grants Pass, OR 97543 Hermiston, City of 2205 N First Place (503) 567-5272 Yes Yes WTR/WST Lab Hermiston, OR 97838 Klamath Environ. Service 200 E Main Street (503) 882-8677 Yes * Klamath Falls, OR 97601 Lane County Water Lab 135 E Sixth Avenue (503) 687-4180 Yes Yes Eugene, OR 97401 Medford Water Lab 4007 Crater Lake Avenue (503) 772-3148 Yes — Medford, OR 97504 MEI-Charlton, Inc. 2233 SW Canyon Road (503) 228-9663 — Yes Yes Portland, OR 97201 Neilson Research Crop. 446 Highland Drive (503) 770-5678 Yes Yes Medford, OR 97504 Northwestern Aquatic Sci. P.O. Box 1437 (503) 265-7225 Yes ... Newport, OR 97365 OR Analytical Lab-PGE 14655 SW Old Scholls Fwy. (503) 644-5300 — Yes Portland, OR 97225 Umpqua Research Company 626 NE Division Street (503) 863-5201 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Myrtle Creek, OR 97457 United States Testing Co., Inc. 2800 George Washington St. (509)375-3131 — — Yes — Richland, WA 99352 Water Analysis and Consulting 304 Blair Blvd. (503) 485-8404 Yes Yes Yes Yes Eugene, OR 97402 Water, Food and Research Lab 13035 SW Pacific Hwy. (503)639-9311 Yes Yes Portland, OR 97223 Waterlab 2609 - 12th Street SE (503) 363-0473 Yes Yes Salem, OR 97477

Contaminant Group Names: MICRO = Microbiological, TTHM's = Total Trihalomethanes, RADS = Radiological, VOC's = Volatile Organic Chemicals, * = Nitrate Testing Only A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 193 ON-FARM EXPERIMENTATION

General Resources Organizations and Projects

On-farm experimentation plays a unique role in the research of sustainable agriculture. Recommended methods or practices farmers wish to test on their own farm may be researched in various ways. Trials may be completely farmer initiated and run, or projects may be a joint effort of researchers, farmers, and extension agents. Examples of various types of trials can be found in the organizations listed below.

The following is not a complete list of resources or organizations that participate in on-farm experimen- tation: the number of organizations and universities participating in on-farm research is growing rapidly. However, this list is included to provide an overview of the various types of projects in exist- ence and some of the resources available.

General References A Farmer's Approach to On-Farm Design Dick and Sharon Thompson

Farmer Participation in Research for A detailed summary of how to set up Sustainable Agriculture simple on-farm experimental plots. Details on A report of a conference held in October how to collect, record, and analyze data are 1989, in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Thirty-five provided. $4.50. farmers and scientists addressed many aspects Available from: of on-farm research including project planning, Thompson's On-Farm Research choosing appropriate topics of study, finding Dick and Sharon Thompson funding and project cooperators. Case studies RR 2 Box 132 of on-farm research sites are included. $5.75. Boone, IA 50036 Available from: (515) 432-1560 Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas P.O. Box 3657 Fayetteville, AR 72702 (800) 346-9140 194 On-Farm Experimentation

A Fanner's Guide to On-Farm Research Available from: Rhonda Janke, Dick Thompos, Ken Midwest Regional Office McNamara, and Craig Cramer 1990 American Farmland Trust 407 South Dearborn, Suite 1550 A straight-forward, practical guide written Chicago, IL 60605 for farmers. The handbook includes informa- tion on statistically validity, planning experi- On-Farm Research 1988 ments, data collection, analysis, and plot A report on low-input systems using design. $4.95 plus $1.50 shipping. rotation on demonstration farms in southwest Available from: Ontario. Rodale Institute Available from: 222 Main Street Resource Efficient Agricultural Emmaus, PA 18098 Production-Canada (215) 967-5171 Box 125 MacDonald College Farming Systems Research St. Anne de Bellevue JayneMacLean 1989 Quebec H9X ICO, Canada A "Quick Bibliography" from the Alterna- On-Farm Testing: A Grower's Guide tive Farming Systems Information Center. For Baird Miller, Ed Adams, Paul Peterson ordering information see the National Agricul- and Russ Karow 1992 tural Library listing in the Organizations section of this guide. The guide is intended to provide growers already conducting on-farm testing with a tool How To Do On-Farm Research- to refine their testing system. It also provides The Easy Way growers considering on-farm testing for the Ross Penhallegon 1991 first time a basic background in testing theory A compilation of information from a and procedures. The guide is narrowly focused variety of sources collected by an Oregon on one type of test: replicated strips. This Extension Agent. $5. type of test is similar to research done by Available from: university researchers and is the easiest to Ross Penhallegon statistically analyze and interpret. Details on Lane County Extension Office field layout, record keeping, and data analysis 950 West Thirteenth Street are given. $1. Eugene, OR 97402 Available from: (503) 687-4243 WSU Bulletin Office-see the Univer- sity Resources section of this guide for Illinois On-Farm Demonstration Project ordering information A compilation of project results of the Illinois On-Farm Demonstration Project. This project is a cooperative effort of the Illinois Sustainable Agriculture Society, the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, and the American Farmland Trust. No agro- nomic interpretation is given but comments of the participants are often included. Contact the American Farmland Trust for the most recent edition. Free. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 195

On-Farm Research Techniques Resource Audit and Planning Guide for W. Lockeretz and M. Anderson 1991 Integrated Farm Management Small Farm Resources Project 1987 The issues surrounding on-farm research, what it can and cannot accomplish, when it is Complied to assist farm families in analyz- appropriate, and how to conduct on-farm trials ing their farm enterprises, resources, and the is the topic of this handbook from the Institute interrelationships that exist among them. The for Alternative Agriculture (IAA). $6. guide offers an alternative to the Enterprise Available from: Record Keeping System and outlines an IAA approach to farm management that includes 9200 Edmonston Road, #117 family goals and interests. $5 plus $1.50 Green Belt, MD 20770 shipping. (301) 441-8777 Resourceful Farming: A Primer for Family Outline and Notes for Reporting the Results Farmers of an On-Farm Experiment Small Farm Resources Project and Steven Franzel and Ann Stroud Twenty-Three Cooperating Farm Families 1987 The paper discusses a suggested format for reporting on-farm experiments, with informa- A report of on-farm experiments coordi- tion about planning trials. The information is nated by the Small Farms Research Project based on Farming Systems Research done in (SFRP) and initiated and conducted by farm- developing countries. Free. ers. Some of the research topics include: Available from: composting manures; alternative crops and IPPC legumes; time-controlled grazing; and biologi- Cordley Hall cal weed management. Included are various Oregon State University definitions of sustainable practices and philoso- Corvallis, OR 97331 phies held by participants. $7 plus $1.50 (503) 737-3541 shipping. For more information about the SFRP see the listing below. Reshaping the Bottom Lane: On-Farm Both handbooks available from: Strategies for a Sustainable Agriculture Center for Rural Affairs David Granatstein 1988 P.O. Box 405 Walthill, Nebraska 68067 This publication is intended to provide (402) 846-5428 conservation-minded farmers with a collection of ideas on sustainable practices being used on ORGANIZATIONS AND PROJECTS farms in the Midwest. On-farm experimenta- tion, soil fertility, managing weeds and pests, Western Oregon On-Farm Research and pastures, alternative crops and other innova- Education Project tions are discussed. $9. The project offers small grants (up to Available from: several hundred dollars per farm) to farmers in Land Stewardship Project western Oregon to manage and conduct trials 512 West Elm Street on their own farms. A coordinator is available Stillwater, MN 55082 to help farmers in western Oregon with (612) 430-2166 questions about trial design, analysis, and interpretation of results. The project also helps to facilitate farmer-to-farmer information 196 On-Farm Experimentation exchange through meetings, field tours, and on integrated pest management or alternative other activities. pesticide sprays to test on their own farms. For more information contact: Videotapes and publication will be produced. John Luna The Kerr Center's on-farm experimentation is Department of Horticulture an on-going project; see the Organizations Ag & Life Sciences Building 4017 section of this guide for more information. Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331-7304 Land Stewardship Project (503) 737-5430 The Land Stewardship Project helps coordinates on-farm experimentation programs Alternative Energy Resources Organization from four different offices in Minnesota. Some (AERO) of the projects are randomized, replicated AERO offers small grants to local trials, others sites are designated as demonstra- producer groups in Montana to organize on- tion plots. Farmers submit their own proposals farm research or demonstration projects that or choose to collaborate on existing experi- "facilitate farmer-to-farmer networking and ments on the following topics: controlled foster local efforts to develop environmental grazing, nitrogen management, composting and sound, sustainable production." See the mechanical weed control. Information is Organizations section of this guide for more disseminated by newsletters, booklets, reports, information. videos, field days, winter meetings and work- shops; see the Organizations section of this Small Farm Resources Project (SFRP) guide for more information. SFRP began as the Small Farm Energy Project in 1976, and has expanded to work Middle Border On-Farm Research with conservation-minded farmers in 1983. Consortium SFRP and cooperating farm families advocate This consortium is led by three nonprofit farming that is sustainable economically, organizations: the Land Stewardship Project socially and environmentally. They have of Minnesota; the Kansas Rural Center; and designed on-farm experimentation that aims to the Nebraska Sustainable Agriculture Society. optimize farm and family resources. The Their purpose is to exchange information and SFRP is managed by the Center for Rural ideas and to conduct on-farm research. Work- Affairs in Walthill, Nebraska; see the shops, meetings and field days are held. Organizations section of this guide for more Videotapes are also made and are available to information. the public. For more information contact: Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Patrick Moore Inc. Land Stewardship Project The Kerr Center, Oklahoma State 103 West Nichols University, Texas Department of Agriculture, Montevideo, MN 56265 Texas A&M Extension, University of Arkan- (612) 269-2105 sas Research and Extension, and cooperating farmers have been conducting on-farm experi- Practical Farmers of Iowa mentation and demonstration projects on pest A nonprofit organization whose voting management. This unique program began with members must reside in Iowa and gain a cooperating farmers meeting with researchers significant part of their income from farming. and implementing preliminary field station Their two primary goals are to provide farmers research on various pest management topics. access to information and experience about The following year farmers chose experiments environmentally sound, lower cost, profitable A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 197 farming techniques and to encourage and guide Rodale Research Center and Institute research aimed at producing more such infor- The Rodale Institute collaborates with mation. On-farm research is conducted farmer to conduct on-farm research and throughout Iowa with assistance from Iowa demonstration trials based on reducing State University. A cooperative effort of purchased inputs. Trials are designed by researchers, extension, and farmers is being farmers with technical assistance from Rodale utilized to plan experiments, collect and staff. Plot sizes are determined by farmer evaluate data and transfer information. Winter equipment and size of field. Some trials that workshops and summer field days help to have been initiated include various nitrogen, disseminate information to the agricultural phosphorous, and potassium rates coupled with community. Some techniques researched manure applications, legumes as green manure include: ridge till with reduced or zero herbi- crops, rotational grazing systems and various cide applications; nitrogen applied with planter vegetable production systems. and cultivator only; leaf tissue tests to deter- For more information contact: mine plant nutrient levels; and fall cover crops Rodale Research Center and Institute as ground cover, weed control, nitrogen 222 Main Street production and soil tilth enhancers. All tests Emmaus, PA 18099-0015 have six replicated, randomized strips for each (215) 967-5171 treatment so that statistical analysis may be made. Practical Farmers of Iowa have another program, Sustainable Projects, that allows citizen of Iowa to carry out activities that focus on sustainable agriculture. These programs can include on-farm trials, school or FFA programs, or community education and out- reach. Grants of up to several hundred dollars are given. The projects selected for 1990 represent initiatives in row cropping and horticulture by researchers and farmers. For more information contact: Practical Farmers of Iowa RR 2, Box 132 Boone, IA 50036 (515) 432-1560

Progressive Farmers Inland Northwest A grower organization whose primary goal is to conduct farmer initiated on-farm research. They work in cooperation with Washington State University. Projects were initiated in 1990. For more information contact: Progressive Farmers Inland Northwest Route 4, Box 236 Walla Walla, WA 99362 (509) 525-2494 198 On-Farm Experimentation NOTES

"Do what you can, with what you have, where you are."

Theodore Roosevelt A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 199 MARKETING General References Extension Publications Bibliographies Organizations Periodicals Organic Marketing References Farm-Direct Market Guides Farmers' Markets Commodity Commissions

JVlarketing is a critical factor in any farming operation. Each farm searches for their niche in the marketplace. This section provides a diversity of information about several marketing approaches.

General References Farmer Stockman, Washington Farmer Stockman, and Idaho Farmer Stockman. ADAPT 2 Conference Proceedings Reprints are available through local county Includes a brief overview of many agricul- extension offices or by writing to the Bulletin tural diversification ideas from a conference office at WSU. held December 3-4, 1987 in Kansas City, For information about ordering from Missouri. Topics include variations on tradi- WSU: tional crops, fruits, vegetables, animal indus- See the University Resources tries, tree products, other specialty crops, section of this guide aquaculture, cottage industries, and marketing. $12.95. The Agricultural Marketing System Available from: V.J.Rhodes 1983 Successful Farming Attention: Tammy Sindergard Commodity handling, pricing, and product 1716 Locust Street merchandising are examined in a system-wide Des Moines, IA 50336 context. Emphasis is on futures markets, international and group markets, transporta- Agricultural Situation and Outlook tion, food wholesaling and retailing, coopera- A Pacific Northwest Cooperative Exten- tives, bargaining associations, and marketing sion publication reporting annual commodity orders. $37.50. situation and outlook for products such as Published by: processing vegetables, small fruits and nuts. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Also included are sections on the economy and Distribution Center international trade. Published annually as an One Wiley Drive insert in the January issue of the Oregon Somerset, NJ 08875-9976 (800) 879-4539 200 Marketing

Backyard Cash Crops: The Sourcebook for Direct Marketing Resource Notebook Growing and Marketing Specialty Crops Minnesota Extension Service CraigWallin 1989 Includes information on starting a busi- A reference book to help find a niche ness, marketing, economics, postharvest market and to locate additional information handling, insurance, personnel management, needed to maximize profit. Specific crops and other topics of interest to direct marketers. described include bulbs, flowers, tree crops, $19. bonsai, small fruit, sprouts, mushrooms, and Available from: vegetables. $15.95. Ramsey Company Extension Service Available from: 2020 White Bear Avenue Homestead Designs St. Paul, MN 55109 P.O. Box 1058 Bellingham, WA 98227 Directory of Export and Trade Assistance (206) 676-5647 National Agricultural Library (NAL) 1992

Crop and Livestock Reporting Services The addresses and telephone numbers of The State Departments of Agriculture, in key contacts in agricultural exporting and lists cooperation with the USDA Statistical Report- of selected exporting databases and publica- ing Service, offer annual reports of vegetable tions are contained in the directory. The crops and statistics including total acreage, directory is intended to assist U.S. businesses production, value, and acreage by county. To involved in exporting agricultural products. receive a report for specific areas, request a Available free; send a self-addressed mailing "Crop and Livestock Reporting Service label to the NAL at the address listed below. Release List Order Form." Available from: Available from: National Agricultural Library, USDA-SRS Room 304 Crop Reporting Board 10301 Baltimore Blvd. Publications Beltsville, MD 20705-2351 Room 5829, South Building Washington, D.C. 20250 Farming Alternatives: A Guide to Evaluat- ing the Feasibility of New Farm-Based Direct Marketing Handbook Enterprises Oregon Department of Agriculture Farming Alternatives Project Discusses: how to direct-market produce; regulations regarding direct sales; and rules A guide developed by the Farming Alterna- governing market operations. Free. tives Project at Cornell University. A step-by- Available from: step planning process complete with work- Agriculture Development and sheets and case studies is outlined. Discusses Marketing Division goal setting, family and farm inventory, Oregon Department of Agriculture identifying alternatives, analyzing markets, 635 Capitol Street NE analyzing profitability and cash flow, and final Salem, OR 97310-0110 evaluation. $5.75. (503) 229-6734 Available from: NRAES 152 Riley-Robb HaU Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 201

Food Processors Handbook Market What You Grow Oregon Department of Agriculture Ralph J. Hills 1989

Complete reference guide for packaging, A practical manual for home gardeners, licenses, and marketing assistance in Oregon. market gardeners, and small-scale farmers. Free. $9.95. Available from: Publisher: Oregon Department of Agriculture The Chicot Press Agricultural Development and Box 53198 Marketing Division Atlanta, GA 30355 121 SW Salmon Street (404) 640-9918 Portland, OR 97204 (503) 229-6734 Marketing Agricultural Products R.L. Kohls and J.N. Uhl 1985 Fruit and Vegetable CKp-Art A pamphlet containing black and white line Topics such as the futures market, govern- drawings of various fruits and vegetables, and ment price supports, and producer and market- lettering of different sizes and types. The clip- ing cooperatives are discussed. A chapter on art in this publication can be used to create fruit and vegetable marketing is also included. stationary, business cards, advertisements, $29. flyers, and more. $5. Available from: Available from: agAccess Dr. J.W. Courier P.O. Box 2008 University of Illinois Davis, CA 95617 Dixon Springs Agricultural Center (916) 756-7177 Simpson, IL 62985 Marketing for Farmers The Growers' Guide to Successful Produce G.A. Futrell 1982 Marketing Eric Gibson 1992 A guide containing information on how markets work and factors which need to be Practical, how-to information on finding: considered when setting marketing goals. marketing outlets; selecting crops for maxi- Various options and marketing alternatives are mum return; selling thorough farmers' markets, presented, including explanations on how to restaurants, roadside markets, pick-your-own analyze and take advantage of long- and short- operations, subscription farming, mail order term market trends. Various economic market- and retail outlets; added-value products; ing strategies are discussed. $21.95. customer service; merchandising; regulations For more information contact: and insurance; and promotion. $19.95 plus Doane Information Service $2.50 shipping. Queen Avenue South Available from: Bloomington, MN 55431 New World Publishing (800) 422-2434 3701 Clair Drive Carmichael, CA 95608 (916) 944-7932 202 Marketing

Oregon Marketplace Program Metro-North Coast Division (Multnomah, The Oregon Marketplace program was Washington, Clatsop, Clackamas, and established by the state legislature to help Columbia) businesses find local suppliers with competitive 4134 North Vancouver products and services. The objectives are to Portland, OR 97217 retain more dollars in Oregon and to help local (503) 249-7929 businesses expand their market potential. Program staff contact local businesses to Mid-Columbia Division (Hood River, determine purchasing trends, then circulate a Wasco, Sherman, Gilliam, and "search announcement" among potential Wheeler) suppliers via public postings, business Columbia Gorge Community Small contacts, and other outlets. Potential purchas- Business Development Center ers enter their requests in the Marketplace 212 Washington Street database, requests are bid out locally, and The Dalles, OR 97058 connections made when possible. The program (503)296-1173 has expanded to several locations across the state, including the locations listed below. Blue Mountain Division (Union, Wallowa, For more information contact: Baker, Morrow, Umatilla, Grant, and Statewide Program Administration Malheur) Organization for Economic Initiatives 8th and K Streets 618 Lincoln Street La Grande, OR 97850 Eugene, OR 97401 (503) 963-1755 (503) 343-7712 Pick-Your-Own-Farming District Offices: R.J. Wampler and J.E. Motes 1985 Southwestern Division (Lane, Coos, Many aspects of u-pick farming and Douglas, Josephine, Jackson, and marketing including growing tips for specific Curry) crops, insurance, advertising, customer 618 Lincoln Street relations, and labor are described. $17.95. Eugene, OR 97401 Available from: (503) 343-7712 University of Oklahoma Press 1005 Asp Avenue Willamette-Chemeketa Division Norman, OK 73019-8061 (Lincoln, Linn, Benton, Marion, Polk, (800) 627-7377 Yamhill, and Tillamook) Willamette Community Development Produce Availability and Merchandising Corporation Guide 201 West First Street The Packer (magazine) 1990 Albany, OR 97321 (503) 928-2381 An important reference which includes commodity information regarding availability, Salem Office varieties, care, merchandising, and nutrition. 365 Ferry Street SE Shipping charts detail monthly arrival figures Salem, OR 97301 of top producing states and countries. The (503) 399-5181 guide also includes information on ripening, temperature, display, shipping containers, merchandising sources, and organic certifica- tion. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 203

Available from: Available from: Vance Publishing Corporation WSDA 7950 CoUege Blvd. Market Development Division Overland Park, KS 66210 Natural Resources Building (913) 451-2200 1111 Washington Street SE P.O. Box 42560 Profitable Farm Marketing Strategies Olympia, WA 98504 Doane Information Service (206) 902-1915

A practical guide which explains how to Washington State Specialty Food Suppliers maximize profits from crop and livestock sales Directory through advance planning strategies. Topics Washington State Department of addressed include: factors affecting marketing Agriculture 1990 decisions; marketing fruits and vegetables; understanding the futures market; using A list of specialty food suppliers in hedging, speculation, and options trading; Washington. making use of government programs; and, the Available from: rules of cooperatives in marketing. $8.95. WSDA Market Development Available from: Division Doane Information Service See address above Queen Avenue South Bloomington, MN 55431 The Resource Center, Associated (800) 422-2434 Cooperatives A supplier of books and pamphlets on all Promotional Materials Catalog aspects of cooperatives. Free catalog. Various promotional items for small fruit For more information contact: and vegetable growers including colorful The Resource Center, Associated roadsigns, clip art for ads, stationery, custom- Cooperatives ized clothing, flyers and leaflets, public rela- 4801 Central Avenue tions packets, and customized newspaper P.O. Box 4006 layouts are available. Write for a free catalog. Richmond, CA 98404 For more information contact: JA Marketing Tasting of Summer Produce 942 Virginia Lane An annual event which brings together Elmhurst, IL 60126 organic and conventional growers, chefs, produce buyers, and other professionals to Regulation Handbook for Direct Farm taste growers' wares. Marketers For more information contact: Washington State Department of The Oakland Museum Agriculture 1989 1000 Oak Street Oakland, CA 94607 Complete reference of Washington State (510) 273-2264 regulations concerning food sales at farmer markets, on-farm sales, roadside markets, and u-pick operations. Free. 204 Marketing

Extension Publications Marketing Fresh Apples and Pears in Bulk Containers SB 606 See the University Resources section of this guide for ordering OSU, WSU, PNW, and Market News: What's Available? EC 1366 University of California publications. Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act EC 1354 Oregon State University Ocean Transportation Serving Pacific Are Farm Supply Cooperatives Meeting Northwest Agriculture SB 647 Farmer Needs? A Survey of Farmers and Orchard Economics: The Cost of Establish- Managers SB 672 ing a High Density Pear Orchard in the The Costs of Owning and Operating Farm Hood River VaUey EM 8438 Machinery in the Pacific Northwest Portfolio Analysis of Contracting Strategies PNW 346 for Farmer Marketing Cooperatives SB 655 Developing a Market Plan for Fresh Setting Farm Business Goals EC 1097 Produce PNW 241 The U.S. Processed Strawberry Market: An Developing and Managing a Farmers Analysis of Trends and Commodity Charac- Market in Oregon EC 1116 teristics as They Impact on Oregon CI 695 Direct Farm Marketing EC 945 Trends in Oregon Farmland Value FS268 Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #1: An Vineyard Economics: The Costs of Estab- Overview PNW 201 lishing and Producing Wine Gapes in the Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #2: Willamette Valley EM 8407 Production and Marketing Costs PNW 202 Washington State University Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #3: Merchandising, Pricing, and Promotional Analysis of Household Consumption of Strategies PNW 203 Fresh Sweet Cherries XC0644 Free Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #4: Place Analysis of Japanese Consumer Preference of Business and Product Quality PNW 204 for PNW and Japanese Sweet Cherries Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #5: XB0974 Free Personnel Management PNW 205 Analysis of Japanese Demand for Fresh Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #6: Sweet Cherries XB 0977 Free Financial Management PNW 206 Consumer Demand for Potatoes: At Home Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing #8: and Away from Home XB 1000 Free Oregon Regulations EC 1016 Cooperative Laws in the USA: Federal International Trade and the Oregon Legislation XB 0902 Free Economy EM 8327 Demand for Washington Fresh Sweet Intrastate/Interstate Clearance System Cherries XB 1007 Free EC 1353 Demand and Optimum Allocation for Pacific Long-Run Projections of Bartlett Pear Coast Bartlett Pears XB 0866 Free Prices and Production TB 91 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 205

Evaluation of Competitive Transportation Market Structure, Share and Potential in the Modes Moving WA Fruits and Vegetables U.S. Wine Industry XB 0792 Free XB 1012 Free Patterns of Change in East Asia and Expanding the Northwest's Share of the Marketing Agricultural Products XB 1017 U.S. Potato Market XB 0910 Free Free Factors Affecting Supply and Demand for Potential for Washington Fruit Exports in Asparagus in U.S. XB 0918 Free SE Asia, Excluding Japan XB 0911 Free Factors Influencing the FOB Shipping Point PNW Vegetable Industry: Summary of Price of Northwest Sweet Cherry XB0834 Production, Value, Cost Trends XB 0917 Free Free Factors in Major Marketing Decisions for Profile of Wine Purchasing Households and the Washington Apple Crop XB 0793 Free Market Structure in U.S. Industry XB0842 Free Farmer-to-Consumer Marketing, Part 7: Washington Regulations EB0737 25«; PNW Tree Fruit Industry: Summary of Production, Value, and Cost Trends Fresh Apple Industry Implications XT 0084 XB0916 Free Free Role of Direct Marketing in Washington Fundamental Economic Relationships in the Agriculture XB 0890 Free Washington Potato Industry XB 0853 Free Washington Apple Distribution: The Long- Grape Acreages and Prices in Washington Term Marketing Implications XC 0629 XB 1005 Free Free Household Consumption of Fresh Apples Washington Consumer Potato Demand Compared to Oranges, Bananas XC 0647 XB 1010 Free Free Washington Wine Grape Acreage, 1982 Impact of Increased Energy Costs on the XC0648 Free Washington Potato Grower XC0615 Free World Production, Trade and Consumption Japanese Economic Growth and Imports of of Major Deciduous Fruits XC0611 Free U.S. Farm Products, Especially Fruits XB0903 Free University of California Publications Impact of the Washington Wine Industry on the State's Economy XB 0995 Free Are There Ways to Earn More from Your SmaDFarm? 1976 No. 2215 50c Implications of Total Deregulation of Agricultural Transportation XC0624 Free The Board of Directors of Cooperatives 1985 No. 4060. Responsibilities, organiza- Long-Run Implications of Optimum Use for tion, and operation of a board of directors; Washington Apples XB 0785 Free issues of growth and finance; roles of delegates Marketing Strategies for Locally-Grown and members. $6 Produce in King County XC0614 Free Considerations in Enterprise Selection 1990 Market Opportunities for Minor No.POll $2 Washington Fruits and Vegetables XB 0946 Direct Marketing and Quality Control 1990 Free No. P010 $3 206 Marketing

Organic Farming Directory 1990 No. Organizations 21479 $3.50. Directory of organic organiza- tions, farm suppliers, consultants, periodicals, For more information consult the classes, and apprenticeships. Plus an overview Organizations section of this guide. of terms relating to organic production and the complete text of California's Organic Food Oregon Fresh Market Growers Association Law. Oregon Gourmet Foods Oregon Tilth Farm Leases and Rents 1990 No. P011 $2 Specialty Foods Group How to Determine Your Cost of Production Tilth Producers' Cooperative Washington Tilth 1990 No.POll $2 Western United States Agricultural Trade Marketing Cooperatives 1990 No. POlO $3 Association (WUSATA) Regulations Governing Contracts between Growers and Handlers of Agricultural Periodicals Produce: A Primer for Small-Scale For more information consult the Producers 1987 No. 21425. Explains Periodicals section of this guide. growers' rights and responsibilities in relation to state and federal regulatory agencies. $1 California Farmer Setting up a Roadside Stand 1990 No. POlO Commodity Trends $3 Direct Market News Federal-State Market News Journal of Pesticide Reform Bibliographies Market Kiosk Natural Foods Merchandiser Refer to the Alternative Farming Systems The New Farm Magazine Information Center of the National Agricul- Organic Advocate tural Library in the Organizations section of Organic Food Matters this guide for ordering information. Organic Wholesale Market Report The Packer Alternative Crops - QB 90-25 Trade Facts K. Schneider February 1990 Whole Foods Magazine Organic Certification - SRB 90-04 Organic Marketing J. Gates December 1989 References Marketing Natural or Organic Meat, Poultry and Eggs California Certified Organic Farmers A 66-page packet of information compiled (COOF) Grower's List by the Appropriate Technology Transfer for Revised Annually Rural Areas (ATTRA) staff. Free. For ordering information see the ATTRA listing in Includes the certification status of organic the Organizations section of this guide. farms participating in CCOF's certification program. Cross-referenced by commodity, location, and acreage in organic production. The directory also contains information on the number of years certified, marketing methods, and lists farms that accept apprentices. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 207

California Certified Organic Fanners National Directory of Organic Wholesalers Handbook California Action Network 1991 Includes California standards for organic production and verification, the organization's A directory of wholesalers, organic farm by-laws and materials list, and the complete suppliers, and certification agencies and other text of the Organic Foods Act of 1990. The resource organizations. Published annually, 1991 edition sells for $25. the 1991 version sells for $29.95 plus $5 shipping and handling. Both available from: Available from: California Certified Organic Farmers California Action Network State Office P.O. Box 464 P.O. Box 8136 Davis, CA 95617 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 (800) 852-3832 (408) 423-2263 Oregon Tilth Standards & Guidelines For Merchandising Organic Foods Certified Organically-Grown Food Stuart Fishman Oregon Tilth, Revised Annually

An information service to document Oregon Tilth operates an organic farming organic food claims for retailers and whole- certification program and this pamphlet out- salers who subscribe to the service. Subscrib- lines the basic methods and materials used in ers also receive a newsletter designed for organic farming and describes some of the organic food sellers. reasons for their use. $10 non-members, $5 members. Organic Information Packet For Growers Available from: Stuart Fishman 1990 Oregon Tilth P.O. Box 218 The packet includes: a description of basic Tualatin, OR 97062 organic farming methods and materials; a (503) 692-4877 national listing of organic farming consultants; a list of books and periodicals; a list of organic The Organic Foods Production Association food certification programs; and a copy of of North America (OFPANA) Publications California's Organic Food Act of 1979. The For more information about OFPANA, a packet also contains the Peaceful Valley Farm trade association, see the Organizations Supply Catalog and the agaccess catalog (a section of this guide. OFPANA marketing company selling a wide array of agricultural publications listed below are available. publications). $10. Both available from: OFPANA Publications: Stuart Fishman 5628 SW Miles Court Guide to the U.S. Organic Foods Production Portland, OR 97219 Act of 1990 $3.50 voting members, $4.50 (503) 245-2309 associate members, $7.50 non-members Certification Pamphlet (for consumers and retailers) SASE members, $1.50 non-members Chart of Organic Service Groups SASE members, $1 non-members 208 Marketing

MPPL Task Force Report (for manufac- Washington State Department of turers) $1 members, $2.50 non-members Agriculture (WSDA) WSDA conducts third party, independent OFPANA Guidelines for the Organic Foods certification for Washington organic growers. Industry $10 members, $12.50 non-members The agency also does farm inspections and Agricultural Inputs and Materials Survey residue analysis. Report SASE members, $1.50 non-members For more information: Washington State Department of IFOAM Inspection Guide $5 members, Agriculture $6.50 non-members Natural Resources Building IFOAM Inspection Guide for Wholesale, 1111 Washington Street SE Retail, Processing $8 members, $10 non- P.O. Box 42560 members Olympia, WA 98504 (206) 902-1877 IFOAM Basic Standards of Organic Agriculture $3 members, $5 non-members 1992 Washington TUth Directory of Organic and Sustainable Food Services All available from: The guide lists suppliers of organic and OFPANA sustainable foods and services in Washington. P.O. Box 1078 $7.50. Greenfield, MA 01301 Available from: (413) 774-7511 Washington Tilth P.O. Box 10813 Organic Producers Computer Commodity Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Board A computer bulletin board devoted to listings of currently available organic crops. Farm-Direct Market For more information: Guides See the Databases and Computer Software section of this guide Oregon

The State of U.S. Organic Producer Fresh Market Growers of Lane County Marketing Cooperatives A guide to Lane County fresh market A working paper from the U.S. Depart- growers is published annually. Information on ment of Agriculture's Agricultural Cooperative availability of fresh produce from roadside Service. Free. stands, u-picks, and telephone orders is Available from: included. Maps to the farms listed is also in Alan Borst the guide. USDA/ACS Available from: P.O. Box 96576 OSU Extension Office, Lane County Washington D.C. 20090-6576 950 West 13th Street (202) 245-5399 Eugene, OR 97402 (503) 687-4243 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 209

Oregon Trail Farms Direct Market Washington Association This guide is offered as an annual supple- Puget Sound Farm Markets Association ment to the Statesman-Journal (a Salem-area (PSFMA) newspaper) and provides information on Publishes a guide offering information on u-pick, ready pick, and picked-to-order farmer's markets, u-pick farms, and fresh- produce in the Marion County region. The picked produce. A map and product reference supplement is printed in early spring. guide is included. Guides are available from Available from: the PSFMA office (address listed below), at Statesman-Journal local Chamber of Commerce Offices, libraries, 280 Church Street NE or PSFMA farms. Salem, OR 97301 Available from: (503) 399-6622 Puget Sound Farm Market Association 4009 Phinney Avenue North Organically Grown in Oregon, 1991-1992 Seattle, WA 98103 Directory (206) 633-5795 The directory contains listings of organic food distributors, farmers' markets, farms and Southwest Washington Grower's product they sell, grocers which stock organic Association Fresh Market Guide produce, organizations, food processors, and The SWGA, with assistance from the restaurants serving organically grown food. Clark County Cooperative Extension office, Send a self-addressed stamped envelope with publishes a guide of farms offering fresh $0.45 postage for each directory. produce in Southwest Washington. Available from: Available from: Organically Grown in Oregon, Inc. WSU Extension Office, Clark County 1163 West Fourth Avenue 800 Franklin Street, Suite E Eugene, OR 97402 Vancouver, WA 98660 (503) 484-2561 (206)696-8411 Tri-County Farm Fresh Food Guide Farmer's Markets Association The Association publishes an annual guide Farmers Markets offer an opportunity to to farms offering fresh produce in Oregon's sell produce locally, interact directly with the Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington public, and potentially increase profit margins. counties. A map and farm directory is included If the list below doesn't name a location for a along with information on festivals, tours, and farmers market in your area, check the local special events. Copies of this guide are newspaper or call the Chamber of Commerce; available from your local OSU county exten- new farmers markets are starting to appear in sion office. See the University Resources more communities. section of this guide for information about office locations. 210 Marketing

Oregon Farmer's Markets Grants Pass Growers Market Compiled by Oregon Tilth, Inc., May 1992. P.O. Box 573 Grants Pass, OR 975267 Beaverton Farmer's Market Contact: Marty Fate P.O. Box 4 (503) 476-5375 Beaverton, OR 97075 Grants Pass: Saturdays 9:00 a.m. -1:00p.m.; Contact: Laurie McEachem on C Street between 4th and 5th Streets; from (503) 643-5345 Easter to Thanksgiving. Also on Tuesdays, Beaverton: Saturdays, 8:00 a.m. - 1:30p.m.; 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m., call manager for Farmington Road, between Hall Blvd and location of the Tuesday summer market; from Betts Street; mid-June through October 31. July 4 to Halloween. Gresham Farmers Market Blue Mountain Producers Co-Op P.O. Box 422 1207 "M" Avenue Gresham, OR 97030 LaGrande, OR 97850 Contact: Mary Patton Contact: Jenny Nicholson (503) 669-2494 (503) 963-8049 Gresham: Saturdays 8:00 a.m. -2:00p.m.; LaGrande: Saturdays 9:00 a.m. - 12:00p.m.; Gresham City Hall parking lot on the MAX on Sunflower Bookstore lawn at 1114 line, 1330 NW Eastman Parkway in Gresham; Washington Avenue; late-June through May through October 31. September 30, weather permitting.

Corvallis Farmers Market Hillsboro Farmers Market 31615 Fern Road 1618 Douglas Street Philomath, OR 97370 Forest Grove, OR 97116 Contact: Ron Spisso Contact: Merrill Ludlam (503) 929-6633 (503) 357-3518 Corvallis: Saturdays 8:00 a.m. -1:00p.m.; Hillsboro: Saturdays 8:00 a.m. -1:30p.m.; on Madison Street between First and Second East Second and Main Streets, adjacent to the Streets; May 16 through October. Courthouse; late May through mid-October.

Farmers in the Park Klamath Falls Saturday Market P.O. Box 168 215 South Rogers Odell, OR 97044 Klamath Falls, OR 97601 Contact: Kaye White Contact: Carole Orendorff (503) 386-8766 (503) 882-3888 Hood River: Saturdays 9:00 a.m. -2:00p.m.; Klamath Falls: Saturdays 10:00 a.m. - 2p.m.; in Jackson Park; June 13 through mid- on Eighth Street off Main; last Saturday in October. August through September. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 211

Lane County Farmers Market Mid-Willamette Growers Association P.O. Box 1714 26675 Starr Road Eugene, OR 97440 Monroe, OR 97456 Contact: David Amorose Contact: Jack Lawrence (503) 342-5856 (503) 847-5641 Eugene: Saturdays 9:00 a.m. - 5:00p.m.; Corvallis: Wednesdays 9:00 a.m. - 1:00p.m.; East Eighth and Oak Streets; from April Benton County Fairgrounds, 110 SW 53rd through the Saturday preceding Thanksgiving, Street; May through the Wednesday before weather permitting. Thanksgiving. Albany: Saturdays 9:00 am. -12:00 noon; Lincoln County Small Farmers Market At the corner ofBroadalbin and Water 21797 Siletz Highway Streets; May through the Saturday before Siletz, OR 97380 Thanksgiving. Contact: Sally Graves-Jennings (503) 444-2687 People's Inner City Organically Grown Newport: Saturdays 10:00 a.m. -12:00 noon; Farmers Market Lincoln County Fairgrounds; May through 3029 SE Twenty-first Street October. Portland, OR 97202 Contact: Paul Kennison McMinnviUe Farmers Market (503) 232-9051 West Valley Farmers Portland: first Sunday of each month, 2741 North 99W 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.; in the park next to McMinnviUe, OR 97128 People's store, 3029 SE 21st Street; May Contact: Sue Reschly through October, rain or shine. (503) 472-6154 McMinnviUe: Saturdays 8:00 a.m. -12:00 Portland Farmers Market noon or until all produce sold; West Valley P.O. Box 86184 Farmers Market parking lot at 2741 North Portland, OR 97286 99W; Last Saturday in August, and the first Contact: Craig Mosback three Saturdays in September. (503) 231-2889 Portland: Saturdays 8:00 a.m. -1:30p.m.; at Medford Growers and Grafters Association Albers Mill parking lot, 1200 NW Front P.O. Box 4041 Street; mid-June through October. Medford, OR 97501 Contact: Joyce Schillen Portland Saturday Market (503) 855-1326 108 West Bumside Medford: Thursdays 8:30 a.m. -1:30p.m.; Portland, OR 97209 just east of 1-5 on Almond Street between East Contact: Bill Hancock Main and Tenth Street; early April through (503) 222-6072 Thanksgiving. Portland: Saturdays 10:00 am. - 5:00p.m. Ashland: Tuesdays 8:30 a.m. - 1:30p.m.; on andSundays 11:00 a.m. - 4:30p.m.; at the Water Street under the Lithia Street/Siskiyou west end of the Burnside Bridge between Blvd overpass; early April through Burnside andAnkeny between First and Front Thanksgiving. Streets; March through Christmas Eve. Primarily arts and crafts, but produce is also available. 212 Marketing

Salem Public Market Lewis County Farmers Market 8245 72nd Avenue NE P.O. Box 272 Salem, OR 97305 ChehaUs, WA 98532 Contact: Donna Heilman Contact: Mary Lewis (503) 393-3758 (206) 785-3101 Salem: Saturdays 8:30 a.m. - noon; CentraUa: Saturday, 9:30 a.m. -1:00p.m., on 1240 Rural Street SE; indoors, all year. Pine Street between Tower and Depot Roads, mid-May through October. Chehalis: Saturdays, 9:30 a.m.-1:00p.m., on Washington Farmer's Markets North Market Street near the Depot Museum, All of the markets in Washington listed mid-May through October. below are members of the Washington State Northeast Washington Farmers Market Farmers Market Association (WSFMA). For more information contact: South 815 Boise Road Kettle Falls, WA 99141 Michael Posey, President 11910-C Meridian East, Suite 29 Contact: Alice Sullivan (509) 738-2547 Puyallup, WA 98373 Colville: Last Saturday in June through (206) 254-5280 October, 9:00 am. -12:00 noon, at Main Street and Tiger Highway. Grays Harbor Farmers Market 5705 Central Park Drive Coupeville Farmers Market Aberdeen, WA 98520 P.O. Box 102 Contact: Nancy Lachel Coupeville, WA 98239 (206) 533-3686 Contact: Irene Thomas Aberdeen: Saturdays and Wednesdays, (206) 678-6757 8:30 a.m. - 3:00p.m. at 1 State Street in the F Coupeville: Saturday, 10:00 a.m. -12:00 noon Development. Saturday markets run April at the Coupeville Courthouse parking lot on through December, Wednesday markets, June Main Street, April through October. through September. Darrington Public Market Bremerton Farmers' Market P.O. Box 472 Bremerton Main Street Association Darrington, WA 98241 245 Fourth Street, Suite 201-B Contact: Leila Dempsey Bremerton, WA 98310 (206) 436-1622 Contact: Mike Schroeder Darrington: Saturdays, 10:00 a.m. -6:00p.m. (206) 377-3185 on Railroad Avenue, July through September. Bremerton: Sundays, 11:00 a.m. -4:00p.m. Also open Sunday for special events and at the Bremerton Waterfront, May through holidays. September. Eatonville Farmers Market P.O. Box 134 Eatonville, WA 98382 Contact: Dave Schactler (206) 832-4345 Eatonville: Saturdays, 10:00 a.m. -4:00p.m., at 309 Center Street East, May through September. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 213

Forks Farmers Market Columbia Basin Farmers Market Kraft H.C. 80, Box 372 Bazaar Forks, WA 98328 P.O. Box 691 Contact: Joanne McReynolds Moses Lake, WA 98837 (206) 374-6623 Contact: Teri Pieper Forks: Saturdays, 10:00 a.m. - 2:00p.m. in (509) 766-2927 the parking lot at the Thrifty Mart Store, mid- Moses Lake: Saturdays, 8:00 a.m. -1:00 p.m. May through mid-October. at Dogwood Park at Third and Dogwood, June through October. Gig Harbor Fanners Market P.O. Box 494 Skagit Valley Fanners Market Olalla, WA 98359 P.O. Box 1007 Contact: Roy Denton Mt. Vemon, WA 98237 (206) 851-4417 Contact: Audrey Medved Gig Harbor: Fridays, 11:00 a.m. -4:00 p.m., (206) 428-8547 at corner of Wollochet andArtondale Dr., Mt. Vemon: Third Saturday in June through May through October. September, 9:00 a.m. - 1:00p.m. at First St. and Division. Kent Saturday Market 220 Fourth Avenue South Pend Oreille Valley Earth Market Kent, WA 98032-5895 205 North Craig Avenue Contact: Nancy Woo Newport, WA 99156 (206) 859-3369 Contact: Robert Karr Kent: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. - 4:00p.m., at the (509) 447-2552 corner of 2nd and Smith downtown, May Newport: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. -1:00p.m. at through mid-October. 300 North Washington, May through mid- October or first snowfall, whichever occurs Kingston Farmers Market first. Kingston, WA 98340 Contact: Mary McClure Olympia Farmers Market (206) 297-2256 P.O. Box 7094 Kingston: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. -2:00p.m., Olympia, WA 98507 on the Marina lawn area at the Port of Contact: Mike McGrath Kingston, May through October. (206) 352-9096 Olympia: Thursday through Sunday, Cowlitz Country Farmers Market 10:00 ant - 3:00p.m. at Capitol Way and 1755 Coal Creek Road Thurston, May through October. Longview, WA 98632 Contact: Jack Penner Pasco Farmers Market (206) 425-4835 P.O. Box 842 Longview: Saturdays and Tuesdays, Pasco, WA 99301 8:00 am. - 1:00p.m. at the Cowlitz County Contact: Linda Sue Williams Fairgrounds, 5th and Washington Way, May (509) 545-0738 through October. Pasco: Wednesdays and Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. to sellout, at 4th and Lewis, May through November. 214 Marketing

Port Angeles Fanners Market Spokane Marketplace 651-B Towne Road #20 Riverside Avenue Sequim, WA 98382 Spokane, WA Contact: Nash Huber Contact: Dave Wallace (206) 683-4523 (509) 623-4338 Port Angeles: Saturdays, at Seventh and Spokane: Saturdays, 10:00 am. - 6:00p.m. Chase, April through December. at #20 Riverside Avenue, July through October. Kitsap Regional Farmers Market Assoc. P.O. Box 8247 Vancouver Farmers Market Port Orchard, WA 98336 P.O. Box 61638 Contact: Nancy B. Hess Vancouver, WA 98666-1638 (206) 851-4242 Contact: Michael Posey Port Orchard: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. - (206) 254-5280 3:00 p.m. on Frederick Street, just off of Bay Vancouver: Saturdays, 10:00 am. -5:00p.m. Street, May through October. at 5th Street between Main and Broadway, Silverdale: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. -1:00p.m., mid-May through October. at Waterfront Park off Silverdale Way on Byron Street, May through September. Vashon Market Association P.O. Box 605 Puyallup Farmers Market Vashon, WA 98070 P.O. Box 1298 Contact: Jan Niemi Puyallup, WA 98273 (206) 463-3130 Contact: Carol Butler Vashon: Saturdays, 10:00 am. - 3:00p.m. on (206) 845-6755 main highway in town, open all year. Puyallup: Saturdays, 9:00 a.m. - 2:00p.m. at Pioneer Park at Meridian and Pioneer. Wenatchee Valley Farmers Market 1125McKittrick,#75 Redmond Farmers Market Wenatchee, WA 98801 14812-84th NE Contact: Mariah Comwoman Bothell, WA 98011 (509) 662-1609 Contact: Wanda Blake Wenatchee: Wednesdays and Saturdays, (206) 488-2405 8:00 am. -12:00 noon at Riverfront Park, Redmond: Saturdays, 8:00 a.m. -2:00p.m., foot of 5th Street, all year. at 7730 Leary Way, May through mid-October. Winslow Farmers Market Pike Place Market P.O. Box 10563 c/o 85 Pike Street, Room 500 Bainbridge Island Seattle, WA 98101 Winslow, WA 98110 Contact: Roy Feiring Contact: Bea Lupton (206) 682-7453 (206) 842-3328 Seattle: Monday through Saturday, 9:00 a. m.- Winslow: Saturdays, 8:30 a.m. - 2:00p.m. at 6:00 p.m. at First Avenue and Pike, all year. Winslow Green, Winslow Way and Madison, May through September. A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 215

Commodity Commission OREGON CANEBERRY COMMISSION 712 NW Fourth Street Lists CorvaUis, OR 97330 Commodity Commissions are service Administrator: Jan-Marie Schroeder organizations whose emphasis on a self-help (503) 758-4043 approach. There are three major roles commis- sions assume: (1) research, (2) education, and OREGON CRANBERRY GROWERS (3) market development through promotion or ASSOCIATION public relations. Commodity Commission P.O. Box 1633 programs are funded by assessments producers Bandon, OR 97411 make upon each commodity unit or pound at the time of marketing or first sale. Commis- CHEWINGS FESCUE & CREEPING RED sion members are either elected by producers FESCUE COMMISSION or are appointed. The scope and direction of 866 Lancaster Drive SE each commodity commission is formulated by Salem, OR 97301-5831 the producers of that product. Executive secretary: David Nelson (503)585-1157 Oregon OREGON DAIRY PRODUCTS COMMISSION OREGON ALFALFA SEED COMMISSION 10505 SW Barbur Blvd. 121 SW Salmon Street, Suite 240 Portland, OR 97219-6853 Portland, OR 97204-2987 Executive secretary: Sheldon Pratt (503) 229-6734 (503) 229-5033 OREGON BARTLETT PEAR OREGON DUNGENESS CRAB COMMISSION COMMISSION 813 SW Alder Street, Suite 601 Box 256 Portland, OR 97205-3182 Salem, OR 97308 Executive Secretary: Herb Diede Administrator: Bob McKellar (503) 223-8139 (503) 581-7258 OREGON BEEF COUNCIL OREGON FILBERT COMMISSION 1000 NE Multnomah Street Box 23126 Portland, OR 97232-2111 Tigard, OR 97223-0018 Executive secretary: Mick Scott Executive secretary: Robert Gelhar (503) 281-3811 (503)639-3118 OREGON BLUEBERRY COMMISSION OREGON FRYER COMMISSION 712 NW Fourth Street 11220 SE Stark Street, Suite 12 CorvaUis, OR 97330 Portland, OR 97216-3355 Administrator: Jan-Marie Schroeder Public relations manager: Paul Rains (503) 758-4043 (503)256-1151 216 Marketing

OREGON GRAINS COMMISSION OREGON PROCESSED VEGETABLE 1200 Front Avenue, Suite 520 COMMISSION Portland, OR 97209-2800 1270 Chemeketa Street, NE Administrator: Daren Coppock Salem, OR 97301-4145 (503) 229-6574 Business secretary: John McCulley (503) 370-7019 HIGHLAND BENTGRASS COMMISSION Box 3366 OREGON RYEGRASS GROWERS SEED Salem, OR 97302-0366 COMMISSION Executive secretary: Bryan Ostlund 4093-12th Street, SE (503) 364-3346 Salem, OR 97302-0366 Executive secretary: Wally Hunter OREGON HOP COMMISSION (503) 364-3346 14358 Dominic Road NE Mt. Angel, OR 97362-9728 OREGON SALMON COMMISSION Executive secretary: Elaine Annen Box 1033 (503) 634-2250 Newport, OR 97365-0078 Administrator: Tom Robinson OREGON MINT COMMISSION (503) 265-2437 Box 3366 Salem, OR 97302 OREGON SHEEP COMMISSION Executive secretary: Bryan Ostlund 121 SW Salmon Street, Suite 240 (503) 364-3346 Portland, OR 97204-2987 (503) 229-6734 OREGON ORCHARDGRASS SEED PRODUCERS COMMISSION OREGON STRAWBERRY COMMISSION 1270 Chemeketa Street, NE 712 NW Fourth Street Salem, OR 97301-4145 Corvallis, OR 97330 Executive secretary: John McCulley Administrator: Jan-Marie Schroeder (503) 370-7019 (503) 758-4043

OREGON POTATO COMMISSION OREGON SWEET CHERRY COMMISSION 700 NE Multnomah Street, Suite 460 Oregon Agri-Services, Box 2209 Portland, OR 97232-4104 Salem, OR 97308 Administrator: William Wise Administrator: Marshall Coba (503) 238-7500 (503) 585-7716

OREGON PROCESSED PRUNE & PLUM GROWERS COMMISSION 121 SW Salmon Street, Suite 240 Portland, OR 97204-2987 (503) 229-6734 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 217

Washington WASfflNGTON CRANBERRY COMMISSION WASfflNGTON ALFALFA SEED Star Route COMMISSION Ilwaco, WA 98624 P.O. Box 2966 Chairman: Mrs. Ardell G. McPhail Pasco, WA 99302 (206) 642-4938; FAX: (206) 648-2144 Executive secretary: Kenley Maurer (Ocean Spray) (509) 547-5538; FAX: same as phone WASfflNGTON DAIRY PRODUCTS WASHINGTON APPLE COMMISSION COMMISSION P.O. Box 18 1107 NE 45th Street, Room 205 Wenatchee, WA 98801 Seattle, WA 98105 President: Tom Hale Secretary/Treasurer: Doug Simpson (509) 663-9600; FAX: (509) 662-5824 (206) 545-6763; FAX: (206) 545-6666

WASHINGTON BARLEY COMMISSION WASfflNGTON DRY PEA & LENTIL 501 Great Western Building COMMISSION West 905 Riverside 5071 Highway 8 West Spokane, WA 99201 Moscow, ID 83843 Administrator: William N. Isgrigg Administrator: Harold Blain (509) 456-4400; Scan: 545-4400; (208) 882-3023; FAX: (208) 882-6406 FAX: (509)838-1807 WASHINGTON EGG COMMISSION WASHINGTON BEEF COMMISSION P.O. Box 1038 Denny Building, 2200 - 6th Avenue, #105 Olympia, WA 98507 Seattle, WA 98121 Manager: William J. Walkinshaw Executive Secretary: Maggie Grate (206) 754-4401; FAX: (206) 754-4414 (206) 464-7403 or 464-7420; FAX: (206) 587-5058 WASHINGTON FRUIT COMMISSION 1005 Tieton Drive WASfflNGTON BLUEBERRY Yakima, WA 98902 COMMISSION President: Ken Severn 1360 Bow Hill Road (509) 453-4387; FAX: (509) 453-4880 Bow, WA 98232 Secretary/Treasurer: Dorothy Anderson WASHINGTON FRYER COMMISSION (206) 766-6173 15403-B First Street South Seattle, WA 98148 WASHINGTON BULB COMMISSION Office Manager: Joanne Marr P.O. Box 303 (206) 242-2229 Mt. Vemon, WA 98273 Secretary/Treasurer: Richard Nowadnick WASHINGTON HOP COMMISSION (206) 424-1375 504 North Naches Avenue, #5 Yakima, WA 98901 Manager: Aim George (509) 453-4749; FAX: (509) 457-8561 218 Marketing

WASHINGTON MINT COMMISSION WASHINGTON WINE COMMISSION P.O. Box 2111 P.O. Box 61217 Pasco, WA 99302 Seattle, WA 98121 Executive Secretary: Ken Maurer Administrator: Simon Siegl (509) 547-5538; FAX: same as phone (206) 728-2252

WASHINGTON POTATO COMMISSION 108 Interlake Road Moses Lake, Washington 98837 Administrator: Henry Michael (509)765-8845; FAX: (509)765-4853

WASHINGTON RED RASPBERRY COMMISSION 1333 Lincoln Street, #182 Bellingham, WA 98226 Manager: Ann Metzger (206) 671-1437

WASHINGTON SEED POTATO COMMISSION P.O. Box 286 Lynden, WA 98264 Secretary/Treasurer: Doris Roosma (206) 354-4670

WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY COMMISSION 4430 John Luhr Road Olympia, WA 98506 Manager: Norval Johanson (206) 491-6567

WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT RESEARCH COMMISSION Route 1, Box 319-E Wapato, WA 98951 Secretary/Treasurer: David Allan (509)877-2065; FAX: (509)453-4880

WASHINGTON WHEAT COMMISSION 404 Great Western Building West 905 Riverside Spokane, WA 99201 Administrator: Tom Mick (509)456-2481; FAX: (509)838-1807 A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 219 Conversion Factors

Multiply By To Get

Acres 0.4048 Hectares Acres 43,560 Square feet Acres 4,840 Square yards Acres 1,076.4 Square feet

Bushels 4 Pecks Bushels 64 Pints Bushels 32 Quarts

Centimeters 0.3937 Inches Centimeters 0.01 Meters

Cubic feet 1,728 Cubic inches Cubic feet 0.03704 Cubic yards

Cubic yards 27 Cubic feet Cubic yards 46,656 Cubic inches

Feet 30.48 Centimeters Feet 12 Inches Feet 0.3048 Meters Feet 0.33333 (or 1/3) Yards Feet per minute 0.01136 Miles per hour

Gallons 4 Quarts, liquid Gallons of water 8.3453 Pounds of water

Grams 0.001 Kilograms Grams 1,000 Milligrams Grams 0.0353 Ounces Grams per liter 1,000 Parts per million

Hectares 2.471 Acres

Inches 2.54 Centimeters Inches 0.08333 Feet

(Continued) 220 Conversion Tables Conversion Factors

Multiply By To Get

Kilograms 1,000 Grams Kilograms 2.205 Pounds Kilograms per hectare 0.892 Pounds per acre

Kilometers 3,281 Feet Kilometers 0.6214 Miles

Liters 0.2642 Gallons Liters 1.057 Quarts, liquid

Meters 100 Centimeters Meters 3.2181 Feet Meters 39.37 Inches

Miles 5,280 Feet Miles 63,360 Inches Miles 1,760 Yards Miles per hour 88 Feet per minute Milles per hour 1.467 Feet per second Miles per minute 60 Miles per hour

Ounces, dry 0.0625 Pounds Ounces, liquid 0.0625 Pints, liquid Ounces, liquid 0.03125 Quarts, liquid

Pecks 16 Pints, dry Pecks 8 Quarts, dry

Pints, dry 0.5 Quarts, dry Pints, liquid 16 Ounces, liquid

Pounds 453.5924 Grams Pounds 16 Ounces Pounds of water 0.1198 Gallons

Quarts, liquid 0.9463 Liter Quarts, liquid 32 Ounces, liquid Quarts, liquid 2 Pints, liquid

(Continued) A Sustainable Agriculture Resource Guide for Oregon and Washington 221 Conversion Factors

Multiply By To Get

Square feet 144 Square inches Square feet 0.11111 Square yards

Square inches 0.00694 Square feet

Square miles 640 Acres Square miles 27,878,400 Square feet

Square yards 0.0002066 Acres Square yards 9 Square feet Square yards 1,296 Square inches

Tons 907.1849 Kilograms Tons 2,000 Pounds

Yards 3 Feet Yards 36 Inches Yards 0.9144 Meters COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS

Please detach or copy this page and send additions, corrections, or suggestions to:

Helene Murray I Department of Crop and Soil Science Ag & Life Sciences Bldg. 3017 Oregon State University Corvallis,OR 97331-7306

Be sure to include your name, address and phone number if you are suggesting an additional source of information. Attach additional pages if necessary. Thanks for your input.

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Contents At A Glance # 1 Agricultural Organizations # 15 Periodicals 27 General Books and Handbooks 39 University Resources 51 Databases and Computer Software 63 Video Tapes and Other Media Offerings 73 Educational Opportunities 85 Pest Management 149 Soils 179 Water Resource Management 193 On-Farm Experimentation 199 Marketing 219 Conversion Tables

• m m

@ . : Recycled ^^ Paper This publication printed on 80# Passport Cover Sandstone and 50# recycled book text ^P' : : • Extension Service, Oregon State University, Corvallis, O.E. Smith, director. This publication was produced and distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension work is a cooperative program of Oregon State University, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Oregon counties.

Oregon State University Extension Service offers educational programs, activities, and materials— without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability—as required by Title VI of the Civil A)" Rights Act of 1964, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and Section 504 of the Rehabilita- tion Act of 1973. Oregon State University Extension Service is an Equal Opportunity Employer. ^P