Re-Assessing Women's Relationship with the Eritrean Liberation Front
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Female Genital Cutting
DHS Comparative Reports 7 Female Genital Cutting in the Demographic and Health Surveys: A Critical and Comparative Analysis MEASURE DHS+ assists countries worldwide in the collection and use of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. Funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), MEASURE DHS+ is implemented by ORC Macro in Calverton, Maryland. The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS+ project are: 1) to provide decisionmakers in survey countries with information useful for informed policy choices, 2) to expand the international population and health database, 3) to advance survey methodology, and 4) to develop in participating countries the skills and resources necessary to conduct high-quality demographic and health surveys. Information about the MEASURE DHS+ project or the status of MEASURE DHS+ surveys is available on the Internet at http://www.measuredhs.com or by contacting: ORC Macro 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Calverton, MD 20705 USA Telephone: 301-572-0200 Fax: 301-572-0999 E-mail: [email protected] DHS Comparative Reports No. 7 Female Genital Cutting in the Demographic and Health Surveys: A Critical and Comparative Analysis P. Stanley Yoder Noureddine Abderrahim Arlinda Zhuzhuni ORC Macro Calverton, Maryland, USA September 2004 This publication was made possible through support provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of Contract No. HRN-C-00-97-00019- 00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Editor: Sidney Moore Series design: Katherine Senzee Document production: Justine Faulkenburg Recommended citation: Yoder, P. -
Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 15 June 2021
United Nations E/ICEF/2021/P/L.19 Economic and Social Council Distr.: Limited 15 June 2021 Original: English United Nations Children’s Fund Executive Board Second regular session 2021 7–10 September 2021 Item 6 (a) of the provisional agenda* ** Draft country programme document Eritrea Summary The draft country programme document (CPD) for Eritrea is presented to the Executive Board for discussion and comment. The draft CPD includes a proposed aggregate indicative budget of $13,552,000 from regular resources, subject to the availability of funds, and $65,000,000 in other resources, subject to the availability of specific-purpose contributions, for the period 2022 to 2026. * E/ICEF/2021/23. ** In accordance with Executive Board decision 2014/1, country programme documents (CPDs) are considered and approved in one session, on a no-objection basis. This draft CPD, and a costed evaluation plan, will be presented to the Executive Board for review from 16 June to 6 July 2021. The final CPD will be posted to the Executive Board web page in English six weeks in advance of the 2021 second regular session and in the other designated languages four weeks in advance. E/ICEF/2021/P/L.19 Programme rationale 1. Eritrea is home to an estimated 3.5 million people,1 with just over half (51.7 per cent) aged 0 to 19 years.2 Since official independence in 1993, life expectancy at birth has risen from 50 to 66 years (63 for men and 67 for women). 3 Among the vulnerable populations are an estimated 225,000 persons with disabilities – of whom 13 per cent are children – almost 100,000 orphaned children and 300,000 women-headed households (44.4 per cent of all households).4 2. -
Culture, Context and Mental Health of Somali Refugees
Culture, context and mental health of Somali refugees A primer for staff working in mental health and psychosocial support programmes I © UNHCR, 2016. All rights reserved Reproduction and dissemination for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, or translation for any purpose, is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Public Health Section of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) at [email protected] This document is commissioned by UNHCR and posted on the UNHCR website. However, the views expressed in this document are those of the authors and not necessarily those of UNHCR or other institutions that the authors serve. The editors and authors have taken all reasonable precautions to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees be liable for damages arising from its use. Suggested citation: Cavallera, V, Reggi, M., Abdi, S., Jinnah, Z., Kivelenge, J., Warsame, A.M., Yusuf, A.M., Ventevogel, P. (2016). Culture, context and mental health of Somali refugees: a primer for staff working in mental health and psychosocial support programmes. Geneva, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Cover photo: Dollo Ado, South East Ethiopia / Refugees are waiting for non-food items like plastic sheets and jerry cans. -
Female Genital Mutilation in Africa: an Analysis of Current Abandonment Approaches
Female genital mutilation in Africa An analysis of current abandonment approaches December 2005 A.C.S. Plaza, 4th Floor, Lenana Road P.O. Box 76634, Nairobi, 00508 Tel: 254.20.3877177 Fax: 254.20.3877172 email: [email protected] www.path.org Suggested citation: Muteshi J, Sass J. Female Genital Mutilation in Africa: An Analysis of Current Abandonment Approaches. Nairobi: PATH; 2005. Copyright © 2006, Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH). All rights reserved. The material in this document may be freely used for education or noncommercial purposes, provided the material is accompanied by an acknowledgement line. Table of contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 3 Executive summary ............................................................................................................ 4 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 2 FGM prevalence.......................................................................................................... 7 FGM prevalence by residence ..................................................................................... 8 FGM prevalence by ethnicity ...................................................................................... 9 FGM prevalence by education..................................................................................... 9 FGM prevalence by religion.......................................................................................10 -
Child Marriage: a Mapping of Programmes and Partners in Twelve Countries in East and Southern Africa
CHILD MARRIAGE A MAPPING OF PROGRAMMES AND PARTNERS IN TWELVE COUNTRIES IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA i Acknowledgements Special thanks to Carina Hickling (international consultant) for her technical expertise, skills and dedication in completing this mapping; to Maja Hansen (Regional Programme Specialist, Adolescent and Youth, UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office) and Jonna Karlsson (Child Protection Specialist, UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office) for the guidance on the design and implementation of the study; and to Maria Bakaroudis, Celine Mazars and Renata Tallarico from the UNFPA East and Southern Africa Regional Office for their review of the drafts. The final report was edited by Lois Jensen and designed by Paprika Graphics and Communications. We also wish to express our appreciation to the global and regional partners that participated as informants in the study, including the African Union Commission, Secretariat for the African Union Campaign to End Child Marriage; Girls Not Brides; Population Council; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency – Zambia regional office; World YWCA; Commonwealth Secretariat; Rozaria Memorial Trust; Plan International; Inter-Africa Committee on Traditional Practices; Save the Children; Voluntary Service Overseas; International Planned Parenthood Federation Africa Regional Office; and the Southern African Development Community Parliamentary Forum. Special thanks to the UNFPA and UNICEF child marriage focal points in the 12 country offices in East and Southern Africa (Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, South Sudan, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and the governmental and non-governmental partners that provided additional details on initiatives in the region. The information contained in this report is drawn from multiple sources, including interviews and a review of materials available online and provided by organizations. -
From Warriors to Wives: Contradictions of Liberation and Development in Eritrea Victoria Bernal University of California, Irvine
NEAS_V8#3_wasV8#2_revised_2-26-06.qxd 2/28/06 8:58 PM Page 129 From Warriors to Wives: Contradictions of Liberation and Development in Eritrea Victoria Bernal University of California, Irvine Any “peace” involves a reworking of power relations, not just between nations or parts of nations, but between women and men. Liz Kelly1 During nearly three decades of struggle, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) appeared to represent a model of a new kind of national- ism that was built from the bottom up by women and men together. EPLF was exemplary in terms of breaking down gender barriers in a number of key respects. For one thing, while women in many other social movements participated as supporters, auxiliaries, or irregulars, in EPLF, women were integrated into the ranks as bona fide fighters in their own right. Thus, Eritrean women, perhaps as none others before them, participated extensively and intensively in the armed struggle alongside Eritrean men. EPLF fighters appeared to transcend gender, as men and women performed the same tasks and lived communally as comrades in mixed units. EPLF, moreover, was far more than simply a military organization; it was an incipient state, organized into various departments that carried out numerous functions aside from that of waging war.2 The extent of women’s integration into EPLF thus seemed to prefigure a new kind of national integration for women once Eritrea gained independence and EPLF assumed control of the state.3 EPLF was successful in liberating Eritrea from Ethiopian rule, and women fighters contributed significantly to that achievement. -
Eri-News Issue 30.Pub
Eritrea: Land of National Service: A tool Can-Do People! for Economic ERI-NEWS Development, National (Yikealo! kikewn eyu Cohesion and the kemey zeykewn! ) Defence of Sovereignty Bi-Weekly Newsletter Permanent Mission of the State of Eritrea to AU and UNECA Press Section th Eritrea Participated in the 18 COMESA Summit Vol 2. Issue 30 The 18 th Summit of the Heads of State The Summit noted that annual intra- 03 April 2015 and Government of the Common Mar- COMESA trade which stood at USD ket for Eastern and Southern Africa 3.1 billion in 2000, when the CO- Inside this issue: (COMESA) was convened in Addis MESA Free Trade Area was launched, Ababa, Ethiopia, on 30 and 31 March grew seven-fold by 2014 to USD 22.4 Ministry of Foreign 2015. The Summit was held under the billion. Affairs of the State theme “ Inclusive and Sustainable of Eritrea 2 Industrialization .” Press Statement on Eritrea’s Stance on the Situation in Yemen Eritrea’s Achieve- ments on Gender 3 Equality Applauded at a UN Side Event The Summit was preceded by the The Summit endorsed the COMESA meetings of COMESA Policy Organs Industrialization Policy, considered at the level of experts, senior officials the reports of the COMESA Organs and Ministers which took place from and autonomous institutions and gave 18-29 March. directions on the way forward. The Summit also reviewed the state of peace and security in the COMESA region, and appointed new Judges of Contact Addresses: the COMESA Court of Justice, Com- Tel: +251-116620052 missioners of the COMESA Competi- Fax:+251-116620011 Email:eritreanaumission@ tion Commission, and members of the gmail.com Committee of Elders. -
Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Ethiopia
ETHIOPIA TREND REPORT Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Ethiopia Further analysis of the 2000 and 2005 Demographic and Health Surveys Data Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Ethiopia Further analysis of the 2000 and 2005 Demographic and Health Surveys Data Macro International Inc. Calverton, Maryland USA January 2007 This report presents the findings from a trend analysis undertaken as part of the follow-up to the 2005 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Funding was provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development through the MEASURE DHS project. Macro International provided technical assistance. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. The Demographic and Health Surveys program is designed to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS. Additional information about the MEASURE DHS project can be obtained from Macro International Inc., DHR Division, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705 (telephone: 301-572- 0200; fax: 301-572-0999; email: [email protected]; internet: www.measuredhs.com). Suggested citation: Macro International Inc. 2007. Trends in Demographic and Reproductive Health Indicators in Ethiopia. Calverton, Maryland, USA: Macro International Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................1 -
Women's Employment and Microenterprise Development in Eritrea
Women’s Employment and Microenterprise Development in Eritrea A project funded by the Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research, U.S. Agency for International Development under contract number FAO-0100-C-00-6005-00 with Development Alternatives, Inc. December 2001 TECH 1717 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Suite 302, Washington, DC 20036 USA Tel.: 202-332-2853 FAX: 202-332-8257 Internet: [email protected] A Women in Development Technical Assistance Project Development Alternatives, Inc. ! International Center for Research on Women Academy for Educational Development ! Development Associates, Inc. This report was made possible through support provided by the Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Research, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Contract No. FAO-0100-C-00-6005-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development or the Government of the State of Eritrea. Women’s Employment and Microenterprise Development in Eritrea by Gerde Heyde, Consultant Development Alternatives, Inc. December 2001 TECH A Women in Development A project funded by the Office of Women in Development, Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support and Technical Assistance Project Research, U.S. Agency for International Development under contract number FAO –0100-C-00-6005-00 i TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTEXT OF THE MISSION v PART I WOMEN’S PARTICIPATION IN THE ERITREAN ECONOMY -
Violence Against Girls in Eritrea a Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child
Violence against Girls in Eritrea A Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child Contents 1. Preliminary Observations .............................................................................................................................. 199 2. Status of Women and Girls ...................................................................................................................... 201 3. Violence Against Girls in the Family ........................................................................................... 203 3.1 Domestic Violence ................................................................................................................................... 203 3.2 Marital Rape ..................................................................................................................................................... 205 3.3 Honour Crimes .............................................................................................................................................. 206 3.4 Cultural Practices in the Family that Violate the Human Rights of Girls .......................................................................................................... 206 3.4.1 Early Marriage ................................................................................................................................ 206 3.4.2 Dowry ............................................................................................................................................................. 207 3.4.3 Polygamy.................................................................................................................................................... -
A Qualitative Study of Nigerian Couples in The
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIAN COUPLES IN THE UNITED STATES: EXAMINING EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIATION OF SELF A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Benson Okpara December, 2013 A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIAN COUPLES IN THE UNITED STATES: EXAMINING EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AND THE CONCEPT OF DIFFERENTIATION OF SELF Benson Okpara Dissertation Approved: Accepted: Advisor Department Chair Dr. Karin Jordan Dr. Karin Jordan Committee Member Interim Dean of the College Dr. Rebecca A. Boyle Dr. Susan G. Clark Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Cynthia A. Reynolds Dr. George R. Newkome Committee Member Date Dr. Suzanne MacDonald Committee Member Dr. John Queener ii ABSTRACT The purpose of the Study is to examine emotional reactivity of Nigeria couples in US in line with the concept of differentiation of self. This is very important because some Nigerian families’ emotional reactivity in the U.S. had caused numerous divorces and separations, as well as physical, emotional, and mental abuse of spouses and children. The main research question the researcher sets out to answer in the study is (a) what role does emotional reactivity play in the marital stability within the family system of Nigerian immigrants in the U.S.? The following sub-questions helped to answer the main research question. (i) What are the difficulties and consequent stressors? (ii) What is perceived as different from life in Nigeria? (iii) What is the nature of change and adaption to life in the U.S? (iv) What is the impact on marriage and family? Five Nigerian couples that are struggling to hold on to their marital union were used for the Study. -
10 REPORTS / YEAR 2003 Violence Against Women Programme
V V iolence Against W This publication forms part of OMCT’s Violence against iolence Against W Women Programme, which focuses on integrating a gender perspective into the work of the United Nations human rights treaty monitoring bodies. It compiles ten alternative country reports on violence against 10 REPORTS/YEAR 2003 women which OMCT submitted in the year 2003 to the following five United Nations human rights treaty monitoring ViolenceViolence bodies: three country reports to the Committee against Torture on Cameroon, Colombia and Turkey; two country reports to the Human Rights Committee on Estonia and Mali; two country reports to the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on Brazil and Russia; two country reports to the Committee on the Rights of the Child on Bangladesh and Eritrea; and one country report to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on the United Kingdom. omen omen AgainstAgainst World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) P.O. Box 21 8, rue du Vieux-Billard 1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland Tel. 0041 (0) 22 809 49 39 Fax 0041 (0) 22 809 49 29 Carin Benninger Lucinda O'Hanlon WomenWomen E-mail [email protected] URL http://www.omct.org for the protection and promotion of the human rights of women The World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) -Budel wishes to thank the European Commission and the Interchurch Organisation for Development Cooperation for their support for OMCT’s 10 REPORTS / YEAR 2003 Violence against Women Programme. Carin Benninger-Budel Lucinda O'Hanlon . Created in 1986, the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT) is an interna- tional coalition of over 260 NGOs in 85 countries, the SOS-Torture network, fighting against torture, summary executions, forced disappearances, and all other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.