DOCSLIB.ORG

TO EVALUATE the MARTIAN ENVIRONMENT Prepared For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TO EVALUATE the MARTIAN ENVIRONMENT Prepared For STUDY OF UNMANNED SYSTEMS TO EVALUATE THE MARTIAN ENVIRONMENT Volume I. Sensitivity Analyeie .r . Contract NAS 2- 247 8 Prepared for: National Aeronautics and Space Administration AMES RESEARCH CENTER Moffett Field, California 23 September 1965 Study Director .. -- Systems Research Laboratory TRW Systems One Space Park Redondo Beach, California I ! . \ . 5303-60U-TU000 The present report i6 comprised of four volumes: Volume I Sensitivity Analysis Volume If Experiment: Requirements Volume III Unmanned Spacecraft Design Volume IV Summary . The following pereonnel. have contributed to the present report: J, Alper S. Altshuler L, I. Dimmick R. W, %redricks A. A. Jensen R. H. Johns W. G. Koerner H. G. Myer L. D, Simmons R. L. Sohn I. I iS353-5f13-RU2 TAB- OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMkRY e.. .I.............*....... 1-1 2. lNTRODUCTION. 0 e e m 0 e 2-1 2.1 Studyobjectives . .I . 2-1 2.2 StudyApproach. e . 2-1 ee.-*ao*.oo.* m . 1 13-1 4 - REFERENCE EJLANNED MARS,SYST * 4-1 4.1 Genera1 Mission Characteristics . e . e 4-1 4.2 VehicleDesign . 4-5 . 4.3 Navigation . .. e . 4-15 5. ENVIRONMENTALFACTORS . 5-1 5.1 Mission - Environment Interactions .' . 5-2 5.2 Discussion of Environmental Factors . 5-4 6. AEROENTRY SkSTEMANALYSIS . 6-1 6.1 CorridorAnalysis . ,, . 6-1 .2 ry of Corridor Capabilities . .,. 6-30 6.3 Heat Shield Analysis 6-33 t . 6.4 Effect of Corridor Performance on Vehicle Weight 6-43 .I . s 7. MARS LANDER SYSTEM ANALYSIS . 7-1 7-1 Descentphase . 7-2 7.2 LandingDynarnics, . .... 7-15 7.3 Ascentphase a ..7-24 7.4 Communications Blackout During Entry . -7-27 .. 7.5 Power Breakdown of Antennas in Martian Atmosphere. 4 7-44 a. SURFACE RJIOBILITY . .e..eee..ee...e.*8-1 8.1 Typical Surface Rover Design e e e 8-1 8.2 Environmental Factors - . 8-1 8.3 General Mobility Analysis. .I 0 8 8-4 8.4 TypicalSoilProperties - 8 8-12 8,s Vehicle Performance 0 e e'. -.a 8-13 I 8.6 Rocket Boost Glide Vehicles for Surface Efcploration 8-25 e 8.7 Surface Range Requirements I . 8-33 5303-601 3-TUOdd TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Pwe 9. NUCLEAR AND METEOROID RADIATION EFFECTS - 9-1 9.1 Nuclear Radiation . .-9-1 9.2 MeteoroidFlux . 9-6 10. POTE“MALC0NTAMINATIO”AZARD . 10-1 10.1 Introduction . 10-1 10.2 ThePossibilityof Life onMars . 10-1 10.3 The Possibility of Potentially Harmful Organisms onMars. 0 a 0 10-5 10.4 The Study of Martian Organisms by Unmanned Probes . 10-8 .. 10.5 Prevention of Back Contamination . 10-10 11. SYSTEMANALYSIS 11-1 11.1 MissionModes. 11-1 11.2 Mission Sensitivity Factors 11-2 11.3 Systemweightsensitivity . 11-12 11.4 System Weight Sensitivity Summary . 11-15 12. PRIORITPRATZNGS 0 0 0 s 0 0 0 0 12-1 12-1 EvaluationFactorr . * 12-1 12.2 Experiment Prioritien . 12-3 13. CONCLUSIONS 0 U-1 14- REFERENCES 14-1 APPENDICES a 1. SUMMARY A study of the sensitivity of the Manned Mars Mission to the Martian and Cismartian environment has been performed under Phase I of Contract No. NAS 2-2478. The primary objective of the Phase I activity was to: . identify those environmental factors that can influence the planning and design of the Manned Mars Wssion, and to establish the qualitative and quantitative relation- ships between uncertainties in the environmental factors and the design of the mission. Results obtained from the analyses reported herein are summarized below. The priorities for the experiments in the order of their importance are: solar cosmic radiation environment, meteoroid environment, and atmospheric properties. The atmosphere models assumed include the Schilling 11 Upper Limit (132 mb), the NASA Model 2 (25 mb) and the NASA Model 3 (10 mb) versions. Recent data tend to favor the lower density models. The NASA Model 2 (25 mb) version was selected for the nominal case. A review of available data on the Martian atmos- a phere was made, and probable limits established for the various factors. Analyses were made to support the review where required. Effects of Atmomhere Uncertainties The uncertainties in the Martian environment, as bounded by, the Schilling I1 Upper Limit Model (132 mb) and the NASA Engineering Model 3 (10 mb) can reduce the entry corridor in the worst case from 74.5 km to 21.9 km for a spacecraft having a lift-to-drag ratio capability of 0.3. Corridor reductions due to roll requirements are negligible, but uncertainties in diurnal effects on atmosphere scale height and density )r which were not calculated directly for the Martian atmosphere, could reduce the corridor by an additional 10 km, based on earth reentry analyses. The corridor accuracies attainable with state-of-the- art navigation systems is estimated to be 5.4 km (3 u), which is within the capabilities of the L/D = 0.3 aero entry system, unless the diurnal effects are greater than 10-15 krn. An increase in L/D to 0.4 increases the corridor (for the worst combination of atmosphere properties) to 46 km which is adequate to cover the above uncertainties. 1-1 Recent Mariner IV occulation experiments and results obtwned by recent earth-based spectroscopic analysis by Mkch and others, indicate that the band Ii of uncertainties on the Martian environment probably are covered by the Model 2 I 1 and Mudel 3 atmospheres (25 to 10 mb), in which case the corridors attainable I j with LID = 0.3 are more than adequate. quireme I I PPFC~E~of the S~SC~C~&weight at t&tis zotry) addo not vary g+eirtly -5th I I L/D, up to about L/D = 0.3 to 0.4. About 4000 lbs additional shielding is re- I quired if LID is increased from 0 .I to 0.3. The greatest effect on shielding is dire to uncertainties in scale height, which determine the length of time the II ~ shield is retained after entry until a safe jettisoning altitude is reached. Un- I certairties in composition are not important, except for the effect of composi- tion on density variation with altitude. Radiative heating effects are reduced to 2 minimum by sharply pointing the forebody of the spacecraft. Atmosphere ,I surface density can affect the design of the Mars Excursion Module in the areas of decelerator sizes and weights, and in ascent trajectory shaping and propellant requirements - Decelerator [parachute plus retro) weights can be increased by 1.8 percent in the worst case, leading to 0.1 percent increase in spacecraft gross :.weight. Ascent trzjectory losses are affected appreciably because of parking I orhit altitude variztion with atmosphere density. Increases of 2.3 percent in spzcecra.ft gross weight are incurred in the worst case. R zdiation Envir onm en%s Nuclear radiation dosages appear to be within limits prescribed for the 2 Ap01l0 mission, assuming a shield of 22 gmlcm . Recovery effectivenessr if realizable, could reduce the shield to 10 gm/cm2, resulting in a 4.8 percent in spacecraft gross weight. Mars atmosphere contrihhesl some- what to shielding against nuclear radi and does not cause peaking of total secondary radiations. Uncertainties in the solar radiation environment &I 2 shielding effectiveness could increase shield thickness from 22 gm/cm to 2 35 gm/cm resulting in an, additional spacecraft gross weight penalty of 3 5 , percent. The overall effects of uncertainties in recovery factor, and flux and jhisfding effectiveness could increase gross weight by 8.3 percent. 1-2 Winds Winds can have a substantial effeet on landing operations, due to reduced vision because of dust, excessive drift rates, which must be nulled before i and propulsion requirements to null drift velocity and drift range. In the worst case spacecraft gross wei Drift meters must be inst ascent are small Possible contamination of the lander crews by pathogens on the Martian surface cannot be predicted in advance of the manned missions based on the results of precursor missions. Decontamination procedures have been devised tQ reduce the possibilities of contamination to acceptable levels; tFSs effect should not pose a strong hazard to the crews, but may constrain surface early missions. adopted which minimize these effects with little increase in weight. Surface rover performance could be seriously affected by unusually weak or sticky Ionization at Surface 0 The presence oi a strong ionization belt at the surface of Mars has been predicted. This belt could dect the proper functioning of electrical equipment and communication radiators. It also interjects an uncertainty in Mariner 4 measurements of the atmosphere by radio occultation techniques. Experiment Priorities A summary of the sensitivity analysis is given in Figure 1.1. A recom- mended list of experiment priorities is given in the foiiowing tabie. ATMM1HEUC THBMO f'RESSME 2 2 1 t TEMPERATURE CHEMICAL COW ELfCTRlCAl ?Urn I - 2 - - IONOSSlHMIE . 2 2 - SliilfACE tONIUTtON t I I t DMMLAND SUSONAI IEIFFKTS 1 2 I . a METEOROLOGY WINE P i 2 c Cl OlJOS I m Wsr 5tTStMS I I i CLtMATE I I 1 SUIIFACL CONDITIONS WPACf COMP 2 I 2 1 sot1 Ro?€mlEs 1 I 2 1 25% TO)OGUMY I I. 2 I MDimcTNw I - I t SEISMIC ACT I - - AREOLOOY (SEE SMFAAtf CONMTlOFlf) iiaoGy 2 I 2 2 umnm EW~RONMEW cmtcMb UIRMCL 2 I 9 COJMK MD- WMN 3 3 3 W UOAt MIM I 1 30 3 I --e- I ???? I pc "5 I .... I V ii' :?- t V C a orn0.---A- J F Z e -Z 3 0 V 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Green Diamond Forest Habitat Conservation Plan Appendix B
    B-1 Appendix B. Profile of the Covered Species TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX B. PROFILE OF THE COVERED SPECIES ................................................... B-1 B.1 NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL (STRIX OCCIDENTALIS CAURINA) .......................................... B-3 B.2 LISTING STATUS ......................................................................................................... B-3 B.2.1 Range and Distribution .......................................................................................... B-3 B.2.2 Life History ............................................................................................................ B-4 B.2.3 Habitat Requirements ............................................................................................ B-5 B.3 FISHER (PEKANIA PENNANTI) ....................................................................................... B-5 B.3.1 Listing Status ......................................................................................................... B-5 B.3.2 Range and Distribution .......................................................................................... B-6 B.3.3 Life History ............................................................................................................ B-8 B.3.4 Habitat Requirements ............................................................................................ B-9 B.3.5 Resting and Denning Habitat ............................................................................... B-10 B.3.6 Foraging Habitat .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d.
    [Show full text]
  • Planet Mars III 28 March- 2 April 2010 POSTERS: ABSTRACT BOOK
    Planet Mars III 28 March- 2 April 2010 POSTERS: ABSTRACT BOOK Recent Science Results from VMC on Mars Express Jonathan Schulster1, Hannes Griebel2, Thomas Ormston2 & Michel Denis3 1 VCS Space Engineering GmbH (Scisys), R.Bosch-Str.7, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany 2 Vega Deutschland Gmbh & Co. KG, Europaplatz 5, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany 3 Mars Express Spacecraft Operations Manager, OPS-OPM, ESA-ESOC, R.Bosch-Str 5, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany. Mars Express carries a small Visual Monitoring Camera (VMC), originally to provide visual telemetry of the Beagle-2 probe deployment, successfully release on 19-December-2003. The VMC comprises a small CMOS optical camera, fitted with a Bayer pattern filter for colour imaging. The camera produces a 640x480 pixel array of 8-bit intensity samples which are recoded on ground to a standard digital image format. The camera has a basic command interface with almost all operations being performed at a hardware level, not featuring advanced features such as patchable software or full data bus integration as found on other instruments. In 2007 a test campaign was initiated to study the possibility of using VMC to produce full disc images of Mars for outreach purposes. An extensive test campaign to verify the camera’s capabilities in-flight was followed by tuning of optimal parameters for Mars imaging. Several thousand images of both full- and partial disc have been taken and made immediately publicly available via a web blog. Due to restrictive operational constraints the camera cannot be used when any other instrument is on. Most imaging opportunities are therefore restricted to a 1 hour period following each spacecraft maintenance window, shortly after orbit apocenter.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
    APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudomonas Stutzeri Biology Of
    Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri Jorge Lalucat, Antoni Bennasar, Rafael Bosch, Elena García-Valdés and Norberto J. Palleroni Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2006, 70(2):510. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00047-05. Downloaded from Updated information and services can be found at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/70/2/510 These include: http://mmbr.asm.org/ REFERENCES This article cites 395 articles, 145 of which can be accessed free at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/70/2/510#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» on January 28, 2014 by Red de Bibliotecas del CSIC Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, June 2006, p. 510–547 Vol. 70, No. 2 1092-2172/06/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/MMBR.00047-05 Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri Jorge Lalucat,1,2* Antoni Bennasar,1 Rafael Bosch,1 Elena Garcı´a-Valde´s,1,2 and Norberto J. Palleroni3 Departament de Biologia, Microbiologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain1; Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc¸ats (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain2; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Cook Campus, 3 New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520 Downloaded from INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................511
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a Recovery of Ejecta Material from Confirmed, Probable
    Appendix A Recovery of Ejecta Material from Confirmed, Probable, or Possible Distal Ejecta Layers A.1 Introduction In this appendix we discuss the methods that we have used to recover and study ejecta found in various types of sediment and rock. The processes used to recover ejecta material vary with the degree of lithification. We thus discuss sample processing for unconsolidated, semiconsolidated, and consolidated material separately. The type of sediment or rock is also important as, for example, carbonate sediment or rock is processed differently from siliciclastic sediment or rock. The methods used to take and process samples will also vary according to the objectives of the study and the background of the investigator. We summarize below the methods that we have found useful in our studies of distal impact ejecta layers for those who are just beginning such studies. One of the authors (BPG) was trained as a marine geologist and the other (BMS) as a hard rock geologist. Our approaches to processing and studying impact ejecta differ accordingly. The methods used to recover ejecta from unconsolidated sediments have been successfully employed by BPG for more than 40 years. A.2 Taking and Handling Samples A.2.1 Introduction The size, number, and type of samples will depend on the objective of the study and nature of the sediment/rock, but there a few guidelines that should be followed regardless of the objective or rock type. All outcrops, especially those near industrialized areas or transportation routes (e.g., highways, train tracks) need to be cleaned off (i.e., the surface layer removed) prior to sampling.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020–21 Commencement Program
    Commencement UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER MAY 6, 2021 One Hundred Forty-Fifth Year of the University NORLIN CHARGE TO THE GRADUATES The first commencement at the University of Colorado was held for six graduates on June 8, 1882, in the chapel of Old Main. It was not until 40 years later, on September 4, 1922, that the first summer commencement was held. Since the first commencement in 1882, the University of Colorado Boulder has awarded more than 350,000 degrees. The traditional Norlin Charge to the graduates was first read by President George Norlin to the June 1935 graduating class. You are now certified to the world at large as alumni of the university. She is your kindly mother and you her cherished sons and daughters. This exercise denotes not your severance from her, but your union with her. Commencement does not mean, as many wrongly think, the breaking of ties and the beginning of life apart. Rather it marks your initiation in the fullest sense into the fellowship of the university, as bearers of her torch, as centers of her influence, as promoters of her spirit. The university is not the campus, not the buildings on campus, not the faculties, not the students of any one time—not one of these or all of them. The university consists of all who come into and go forth from her halls, who are touched by her influence, and who carry on her spirit. Wherever you go, the university goes with you. Wherever you are at work, there is the university at work.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest, Volume 22-25 (1995)
    Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest, Volume 22-25 (1995) Item Type text; Proceedings Publisher Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science Journal Hydrology and Water Resources in Arizona and the Southwest Rights Copyright ©, where appropriate, is held by the author. Download date 05/10/2021 18:20:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296471 Volumes 22 -25 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES INARIZONA AND THE SOUTHWEST Proceedings of the 1995 Meetings of the Arizona Section American Water Resource Association and the Hydrology Section Arizona -Nevada Academy of Science April 22, 1995, Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, Arizona Ordering Information This issue can be obtained in hard copy as long as supplies last from R. Sayers School of Forestry Box 15018 Northern Arizona University Flagstaff, AZ 86011 Special arrangements can be made to obtain the entire document on disk. Fax (520) 523 -1880 for more information. Table of Contents Introduction Malchus B. Baker, Jr., and Charles C. Avery vii Evaluation of Water Balance Models: An Assessment in Mixed Conifer Forests of Arizona Peter F. Ffolliott and Gerald J. Gottfried 1 Hydraulic- Conductivity Measurements of Reattachment Bars on the Colorado River William D. Petroutson, Jeffery B. Bennett, Roderic A. Parnell, and Abraham E. Springer 7 The Effect of Dewatering a Stream on its Riparian System: A Case Study from Northern Arizona Peter G. Rowlands, Heidemarie G. Johnson, Charles C. Avery and Nancy J. Brian 11 Sustainability of Fishes in Desert River: Preliminary Observations on the Roles of Streamflow and Introduced Fishes Jerome A. Stefferud and John N. Rinne 25 Interactions of Predation and Hydrology on Native Southwestern Fishes: Little Colorado Spinedace in Nutrioso Creek, Arizona John N.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel Dalegowski Dan Bosch Lindsey Gillette (Empty) Mark Dillinger
    AGENDA Citv Corrncil Mondav- Fehruarv 13 2017 7:00 n-m. _Daniel Dalegowski Dan Bosch Lindsey Gillette _ (Empty) _ Mark Dillinger 1. COLiNCIL UPDATES - MINUTES - PLANNING - MUNICIPAL COURT - SHERIFF'S OFFICE 2. APPOINTMENTS - COLINCIL POSITION #3 - JOINT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE 3. PARK USE REQUEST - ANNUAL PET PARADE, USE OF AMPLIFIED SOUND, USE OF ENTIRE PARK (SISKIYOU CLINIC)UACQUE DONEY}; 4. PARK GRANT UPDATE _ ROGER BRANDT; 5. CITIZEN REQUESTS - 20120 vrsroNING UPDATE (KATE DWYER) - CIRCUS BUSINESS LICENSE FEE V/AIVER (IV FAMILY COALITION){KAREN YANASE}; 6. LAND USE APPLICATION REVIEW - ANNEXATION AND LOT PARTITION REQUEST, PUBLIC HEARING - 39-08-15-CB TL 900 (Jesse Swift); 7. ORDINANCE 562 - AMENDTNG ZONTNG MAp (39-08-1s-CB TL 900){2ND READTNG); 8. CONTRACT REVIEV/ BOARD -223 MILLIE STREET ABATEMENT; 9. POLICY DISCUSSION _ PARK PROPERTY PURCHASE OFFERS; 10. NUISANCE DETERMINATION _ 406 S. REDV/OOD HWY, SIGN CODE VIOLATION 1 1. RESOLUTION 8I O _ NORTH FORK SMITH RIVER DESIGNATION 12. RESOLUTION 8I I _ RECREATIONAL IMMUNITY LEGISLATIVE RESTORATION 13. EXECUTIVE SESSION - ORS 192.660 (2xb,f,h) {As/If Required} 14. COMMENTS - GENERAL INFORMATION - - Resolutioî787 - Rules, Procedures, Code of Ethics - Annual Acknowledgment - - County Board Openings - COMMENTS FROM THE PUBLIC - COMMENTS FROM THE COUNCIL - COMMENTS FROM THE MAYOR 15. ADJOURNMENT CAVE JUNCTION CITY COUNCIL MEETING MINUTES JANUARY 09.2017 MEMBERS: Mayor Carl Jacobson, and Councilors Dan Bosch, Margaret Miller, Daniel Dalegowski and John Gardiner met in a regular session. Recorder Ryan Nolan was also present. Mayor Jacobson opened the meeting with the flag salute at 7:00pm. Following the opening of the meeting was a moment of silence in recognition of the fallen Orlando Officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Marshall Space Flight Center, Research and Technology Report
    Space Administration National Aeronautics and Aeronautics National REPORT 2017 219958 NASA/TM—2018— Marshall Space Center Flight RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY NASA/TM–2018–219958 Marshall Space Flight Center RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY REPORT 2017 all Space Flight Center Flight Space all National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space and Aeronautics National George C. Marsh 35812 AL Huntsville, www.nasa.gov/marshall www.nasa.gov NASA/TM — 2018–219958 Marshall Space Flight Center Research and Technology Report 2017 A.S. Keys and H.C. Morris, Compilers Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The points of contact and coordinator at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) for this Technical Memorandum (TM) are Andrew Keys (256-544-8038) and Heather Morris. The MSFC Office of Center Chief Technologist recognizes Janice Robinson, NiCarla Friend, and Kathy Jobczynski of the MSFC Scientific and Technical Information Group for assisting in the development of this report. The Former Center Chief Technologist Andrew Keys and Technologist Heather Morris provided the support, knowledge, insight, and decisions needed for the compilation of this TM. TRADEMARKS Trade names and trademarks are used in this report for identification only. This usage does not constitute an official endorsement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. For additional copies of this report contact: NASA STI Information Desk Mail Stop 148 NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681–2199, USA 757–864–9658 This report is available in electronic form at <http://www.sti.nasa.gov> ii FOREWORD Marshall Space Flight Center is essential to human space exploration and our work is a catalyst for ongoing technological development.
    [Show full text]
  • Science Journals
    RESEARCH ◥ cryogenic ices are distinguishable via their RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY characteristic vibrational absorption features. RESULTS: New Horizons made its closest ap- PLANETARY SCIENCE proach to the system on 14 July 2015. Observa- tions of Pluto and Charon obtained that day reveal regionally diverse colors and compositions. Surface compositions On Pluto, the color images show nonvolatile tholins coating an ancient, heavily cratered equa- across Pluto and Charon torial belt. A smooth, thousand-kilometer plain must be able to refresh its surface rapidly enough W. M. Grundy,* R. P. Binzel, B. J. Buratti, J. C. Cook, D. P. Cruikshank, C. M. Dalle Ore, to erase all impact craters. ◥ A. M. Earle, K. Ennico, C. J. A. Howett, A. W. Lunsford, C. B. Olkin, A. H. Parker, ON OUR WEB SITE Infrared observations of S. Philippe, S. Protopapa, E. Quirico, D. C. Reuter, B. Schmitt, K. N. Singer, Read the full article this region show volatile A. J. Verbiscer, R. A. Beyer, M. W. Buie, A. F. Cheng, D. E. Jennings, at http://dx.doi. ices including N2 and CO. I. R. Linscott, J. Wm. Parker, P. M. Schenk, J. R. Spencer, J. A. Stansberry, org/10.1126/ H2O ice is not detected S. A. Stern, H. B. Throop, C. C. C. Tsang, H. A. Weaver, G. E. Weigle II, science.aad9189 there, but it does appear in .................................................. L. A. Young, and the New Horizons Science Team neighboring regions. CH4 ice appears on crater rims and mountain ridges INTRODUCTION: The Kuiper Belt hosts a over the course of time, the understanding of at low latitudes and is abundant at Pluto’s high swarm of distant, icy objects ranging in size which is a prerequisite to reconstructing the northern latitudes.
    [Show full text]
  • Pluto and Charon: Surface Colors and Compositions — a Hypothesis
    47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2016) 1696.pdf PLUTO AND CHARON: SURFACE COLORS AND COMPOSITIONS--A HYPOTHESIS D. P Cruikshank1 S. A. Stern2, W. M. Grundy3, J. M. Moore1 L. A. Young2, C. B. Olkin2, H. A. Weaver4 , K. Ennico1, J. C. Cook2, and the New Horizons Composition Theme Team 1NASA Ames Research Center ([email protected]), 2Southwest Research Institute, 3Lowell Observatory, 4Appl. Phys. Lab Johns Hopkins Univ. Introduction: The surface of Pluto displays an ence of a number of small molecules, including NH3, array of colors ranging from yellow to red to brown, plus complex macromolecular carbonaceous material. while the surface of Charon is largely gray with a north Mass spectra of organic molecules desorbed from the polar zone of red color similar to regions on Pluto[1,2]. residue show a high degree of aromatization, while UV Pluto’s surface shows layers of intensely colored mate- fluorescence imaging shows an overall high concentra- rial in tilted and transported blocks, and fractured geo- tion of organics. The yellow-to-brown colors of the graphical units. This arrangement suggests episodes of residue are consistent with the presence of conjugated formation or deposition of that material interspersed carbon-carbon chains. Material of comparable com- with episodes of emplacement of ices having little or plexity characterizes the insoluble organic matter no color. The ices identified on the surfaces of these (IOM) in carbonaceous meteorites[11]. IOM is found two bodies (N2, CH4, CO, C2H6, H2O on Pluto, and to contain small molecules and radicals trapped in the H2O and NH3 on Charon)[3,4] are colorless, as are carbonaceous complex for astronomical time scales.
    [Show full text]