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A Journal of the California Native Plant Society

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A Journal of the California Native Plant Society $5.00 (Free to Members) Vol. 30, No. 2 April 2002 FREMONTIA A JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY IN THIS ISSUE: UPCOMING CHANGES IN FLOWERING PLANT FAMILY NAMES: THOSE PESKY TAXONOMISTS ARE AT IT AGAIN! by Ellen Dean / 3 • WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THE SCROPHULARIACEAE? by Richard G. Olmstead / 13 • CONSIDER THE LILIES by Dean G. Kelch / 23 • GROWING NATIVES IN THE GARDEN: MAPLES by Glenn Keator / 30 • VOLUME 30:2, APRIL 2002 FREMONTIA 1 NOTES AND COMMENTS / 32 • BOOK REVIEWS / 33 • BOOKS RECEIVED / 35 CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY FREMONTIA www.cnps.org MEMBERSHIP VOL. 30, NO. 2, APRIL 2002 Dues include subscriptions to Fremontiaand the Bulletin. Distributed Jan. 2003 Life . $1,000 Supporting . $75 Copyright © 2002 Benefactor . $500 Family, Group, International . $45 California Native Plant Society Patron . $250 Individual or Library . $35 Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income $20 Linda Ann Vorobik, Editor Ellen Dean, Convening Editor ADDRESSES CHAPTER COUNCIL Bob Hass, Copy Editor Memberships; Address Changes; Of- Alta Peak (Tulare) . Joan Stewart Beth Hansen-Winter, Designer ficers; General Society Inquiries; Bristlecone (Inyo-Mono) . CALIFORNIA NATIVE FremontiaAdvertising: CNPS, 1722 J Stephen Ingram Street, Suite 17, Sacramento, CA PLANT SOCIETY Channel Islands . Lynne Kada 95814. Tel: (916) 447-CNPS (2677); Dorothy King Young (Gualala) . Fax: (916) 447-2727 Lori Hubbart Dedicated to the Preservation of Executive Director: Pamela C. Muick, East Bay . Tony Morosco the California Native Flora PhD, [email protected] El Dorado . Amy Hoffman Fremontia: L.A. Vorobik, PhD, Edi- The California Native Plant Society Kern County . Laura Stockton tor, c/o University and Jepson Her- (CNPS) is an organization of lay- Los Angeles/Santa Monica Mountains persons and professionals united by an baria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. Halli Mason interest in the native plants of Cali- #2465, UC, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465. fornia, open to all. Its principal aims (510) 642-2465, vo ro bik@ro c kisland.c o m Marin County . Bob Soost are to preserve the native flora and to Bulletin: Steve Tyron, Editor, Bulletin Milo Baker (Sonoma County) . add to the knowledge of members and [email protected] or US Mail to Lynn Houser the public at large by monitoring rare CNPS Office (listed above) Mojave Desert . Tim Thomas and endangered plants throughout the Rare Plant Botanist: David Tibor, Monterey Bay . Rosemary Donlon state; by acting to save endangered 1722 J St., Suite 17, Sacramento, CA Mount Lassen . Jim Bishop areas through publicity, persuasion, 95814. (916) 324-3816, dtibor@cnps. Napa Valley . Marcie Danner and on occasion, legal action; by pro- org North Coast . Larry Levine viding expert testimony to government Vegetation Ecologist: Julie Evens, Orange County . Daniel Songster bodies; and by supporting financially CNPS, 1722 J Street, Suite 17, Sacra- Redbud (Grass Valley/Auburn) . and otherwise the establishment of mento, CA 95814. (916) 327-0714, Richard Hanes native plant preserves. Much of this [email protected] Riverside/San Bernardino counties . work is done by volunteers through Earth Share Liaison: Halli Mason, CNPS Chapters throughout the state. 4728 Rosita Place, Tarzana, CA 91356. Katie Barrows The Society’s educational work in- (818) 345-6749 Sacramento Valley . Jennifer Hogan cludes: publication of a quarterly jour- Legal Advisor: Sandy McCoy. (510) San Diego . Sara Steinhoffer nal, Fremontia, and a quarterly Bulletin 644-2900 x107; wbmccoy@earthlink. net San Gabriel Mountains . Lyn McAfee which gives news and announcements San Luis Obispo . Dirk Walters of Society events and conservation BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sanhedrin (Ukiah) . Chuck Williams issues. Chapters hold meetings, field Officers: Santa Clara Valley . Mary Simpson trips, and plant and poster sales. Non- President . Sue Britting members are welcome to attend. Santa Cruz County . Janell Hillman Vice President . Sandy McCoy Money is provided through member Sequoia (Fresno) . Jeanne Larson Secretary . Lori Hubbart dues and funds raised by chapter plant Shasta . Dave DuBose and poster sales. Additional donations, Treasurer . Steve Hartman Sierra Foothills (Tuolumne, Cala- Chapter Council Chair . bequests, and memorial gifts from veras, Mariposa) . Patrick Stone Lynne Kada friends of the Society can assist greatly South Coast (Palos Verdes) . in carrying forward the work of the Chapter Council Vice-Chair . Lori Hubbart Ellen Brubaker Society. Dues and donations are tax- Tahoe . Michael Hogan deductible. Directors: Carol Baird, Charli Danielsen, Greg Willis L. Jepson (Solano) . Fremontia logo( by L.A. Vorobik) reprinted Jirak, Lynne Kada, Betsey Landis, Mary Shaw from The Jepson Manual, J. Hic kman, David L. Magney, Patt McDaniel, Yerba Buena (San Francisco) . Ed., 1993, with permissio n fro m the Jepso n Carol Witham Randy Zebell Herbarium, UC. © Regents of the Uni- versity o f Califo rnia. MATERIALS FOR PUBLICATION Members and others are invited to submit material for publication in Fremontia. Instructions for contributors can be found on the CNPS website, www.cnps.o rg, THE COVER: The genus Phacelia (P. distans shown here) will now be or can be requested from FremontiaEditor, Linda Ann Vorobik, vo ro b ik@ro c k placed in the Boraginaceae rather island.co m, or c/o University and Jepson Herbaria, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Bldg. than the Hydrophyllaceae. Photo- #2465, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465. graph by L.C. Wheeler. Prepress by ScanArt / Printed by Craftsman Trade Press 2 FREMONTIA VOLUME 30:2, APRIL 2002 In the new classification system, the milkweed family, Asclepiadaceae, will be placed in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. The prostrate milkweed ( Asclepias solanoana) from Sonoma County is shown here. Photograph by J. Game. UPCOMING CHANGES IN FLOWERING PLANT FAMILY NAMES: THOSE PESKY TAXONOMISTS ARE AT IT AGAIN! by Ellen Dean e had a sense that be- low herb) and relatives. The name If one examines the name Wloved plant names were Epilo bium canum was used for Cali- change section of The Jepson Manual at risk when the scien- fornia fuchsia in The Jepson Manual (Appendix III), one finds hundreds tific name of one of our favorite of Higher Plants of California, which of name changes that were incor- species, Zauschneria californica(Cali- was published in 1993, and that name porated in the 1993 publication. fornia fuchsia), became Epilo bium change had plenty of company. For (See Skinner and Ertter, 1993, for a canum. That change was suggested example, the generic names of many discussion of this topic with regard more than 25 years ago in the mid- of the species of Orthocarpus (owl’s to rare plants.) Nearly 10 years af- 1970s when Peter Raven, the cur- clover) morphed into Castilleja or ter the arrival of The Jepson Manual, rent director of the Missouri Bo- Triphysaria, while all of our Stipa some of us are still reeling from the tanical Garden, reexamined the species (needle grass) took on other loss of Matric aria matric ario ides,the relationships among Epilo bium (wil- generic names, such as Nassella. old name for pineapple weed. (What VOLUME 30:2, APRIL 2002 FREMONTIA 3 a wonderful name; somehow Chamomilla suaveolens will never CLADISTICS, CLASSIFICATION, AND NAME quite do.) I imagine there are Cali- CHANGES OR TREES THAT HAVE PLANT fornia botanists who don’t want to NAMES AT THE ENDS OF THEIR BRANCHES see more name changes any time soon, am I right? Unfortunately, when it comes Classification is a basic hu- When put together, these two to plant taxonomy and classification, man endeavor; people clas- words are called the species name more changes are imminent, and sify tools, food, and telephone (ex. Quercus alba). For convenience, these are far reaching, often affect- numbers. Our classifications are Linnaeus placed the species he de- ing the families we have all known often hierarchical, that is, they scribed into classes based on sta- and loved for centuries. In a paper are nested subsets which may men type, arrangement, and num- titled “An ordinal classification for be visualized as venn diagrams ber, which meant that his classes the families of flowering plants,” (Figure 1) or written out as a often consisted of unrelated genera which was published in the fall of hierarchical list (Table 1). Plant and species. His revolutionary in- 1998 by the Angiosperm (flowering classifications using common novation was that he provided a ru- plant) Phylogeny Group (APG), a names are mainly made up of dimentary identification key to the group of 28 authors proposed a new folk genera such as “oak” or correct class—a huge help in orga- classification system for flowering “maple,” and folk species such nizing the increasing number of plants. The APG system is now be- as “coast live oak” or “big leaf plants that were being collected ing taught in college taxonomy maple,” although other catego- around the world. courses, thanks to the publication ries like “live oak,” “shrub,” or Linnaeus’s classification system of Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic “tree,” may also be used. was replaced by plant classifications Approach, an excellent new plant sys- By the 16th century, Euro- that were based on presumed rela- tematics textbook by Walter Judd peans had begun the task of clas- tionships between species. At first et al. (2002). This text incorporates sifying every plant and animal in these classifications—which were much of the classification put forth the world by giving them a based on as many characteristics of in the APG paper, although it has a unique Latin description. In his the species as possible—were at- few surprises of its own. 18th century works, Carolus tempts to understand the order of For those of us who learned Linnaeus was the first to popu- nature or the plan of a creator. How- the flowering plant classifications larize a Latin description con- ever, by the end of the 19th cen- of Arthur Cronquist, Armand sisting of only two words, which tury, scientists began to incorpo- Takhtajan, or Robert Thorne when have become known as the ge- rate the notion of evolution into we took plant taxonomy in the 1970s nus name (e.g., Quercus, the Latin classification systems.
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