Chapter-3 Review of Literature 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Review of Literature Done with the Help of Reference Books. 3.3 Review
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Chapter-3 Review of Literature 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Review of Literature Done with the Help of Reference Books. 3.3 Review of Literature Done with the Help of Reports Published By Government Sector and Private Enterprises. 3.4 Review of Literature Done by Reffering the Economic Surveys of Maharashtra,Published By Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department,Government of Maharashtra,Mumbai. 3.5 Review of Literature Done With the Help of Research Papers and Articles Published in Journals. 3.6 Review of Literature Done with the Help of Internet Websites. 3.7 Summary of the Chapter. 60 Chapter-3 Review of Literature 3.1 Introduction The present study is undertaken with many objectives related to population explosion in Maharashtra,especially in Thane district of Maharashtra. It is very important tool in the hands of researchers to take the review of literature of past conducted research. The past studies on the particular topic always provide vital information and give some clues to conduct further research studies. The past research work creates a path for the future research work. It always provides some important data and guidelines to conduct further research. The conclusions and findings of the past research always help the researcher to make certain generalizations. The review of literature helps to find the gape in the past research studies and to fill up those gaps in the past research study .so the review of literature cannot be avoided in conducting any research study. It is a platform which stands to the research. It plays a role of pathfinder research and guides for further research. It helps to find out the correct path to conduct research. The relevant information which is collected with the help of review of literature is evaluated below : 3.2 Review of Literature Done with Help of Reference Books: The review of literature which is done with help of reference books is explained below: 3.2.1 H.G.Mannur in his book International Economics (1995) Revised Edition):It is mentioned that poor countries contain a bulk of world population suffering from proverty and starvation. This indicates that in poor countries bulky population pressure is responsible for socio-economic problems like poverty and starvation. Socio-economic problems are more common in poor countries because in poor countries the size of population is oftenly large.1 61 3.2.2 N. Kumar and R. Mittal in their book ‘Public Finance-Theory and Practice (2002’: It is mentioned that the “ rising population adversely affects the taxable capacity of the individuals, by bringing their living standard to a still lower level”. In other words population explosion lowers the purchasing power of the people in a country.Large number of people fall below the poverty line and consequently, paying tax becomes unaffordable for them.This shows that the growing population in country is extremely harmful to the community as well as to the economy of the nation. 2 3.2.3 K.V. Sivayya and V.B.M Das in their book “Indian Industrial Economy (2004”, it is mentioned that “most of the underdeveloped are characterized by a high growth rate of population . All the efforts to raise the standard of living in underdeveloped countries have nullified by the population pressure.A higher growth rate of population than the rate of growth of output creates excess demand for consumption goods and reduces the savings rate and investment,which in turn adversely affect employment level and National Income”. It means that if the size of population will be large in a country, then in such a country it will be very difficult to improve the standard of living of people. Finally we can conclude that population explosion in a county leads to more demand for consumption goods and decreases the saving rate and investment in an economy.This has a very dangerous impact on the level of employment and National Income.Thus gowing population leads to destruction of an economy. 3 3.2.4 Mario Dias in his book Development Issues of Indian Economy (2005):It is mentioned that due to high population ,there may be shortages of food items in the country.Therefore,the government may have to import certain food items such as edibles oils.The imports result in outflow of foreign exchange,and as such the economic development of the country gets affected . This indicates that rising population adversely affects the economy of nation by creating shortage of food items. Thus rising population is harmful to the economy of the nation.4 3.2.5.MacroEconomics (2006)-a book written by Dornbusch,Stanley Fischger and Richard Startz:In this book it is mentioned that population growth works against the achievement of high incomes.However,over the wide range of incomes,population growth itself depends on income.Extremely poor countries in modern times have high birth rates 62 and very high death rates,resulting in moderately high population growth.As income rise,death rate falls and population growth rises.At very high income,birth rates fall, indeed many of the wealthier countries in the world are approaching zero population growth.In other words,higher income group prefer to have small size family,where as lower income group prefer to have large size family.Similarly,in wealthier countries birth rate is always low and therefore size of population is also very small in such countries.In backward countries or poor countries,birth rate is always high and therefore the size of population is also large in such countries.In many rich countries of the world,the size of population is going on decreasing,whereas in many poor countires of the world,the size of population is going on increasing.This proves that the population growth definitely works against the achievement of high income. 5 3.2.6 R.Sthanumoorthy (Editor) in his book, “Maharashtra Economy –Performance and Challenges” (2006), It is mentioned that Maharashtra is the most industrialised state in India and has made considerable progress in the industrial development continuously.The state occupies significant position in the manufacturing sector of the country.With considerable good telecom infrastructure,large pool of skilled manpower,material resource base and growing domestic volume of the state has potential to remain at forefront in the countrys industrial scenario. It means that the economy of Maharashtra is highly developed and advanced.Availability of good infrastructure facility has boosted the economic development in Maharashtra. 6 3.2.7. Ruddar Dutt in his book “Indian Economy”(2008) ,It is mentioned that rapidly growing population retards the process economic development.Rising population is accompanied by a rise in the labour force of the community.Hence,it makes the solution of the problem of unemployment more difficult.Rising population increases the number of children and hence demands higher expenditure on education.In other words, due to rising population,the problem of unemployment goes on increasing. At the same time it becomes very difficult for government to provide educational facility to all children due to growing population.Thus the growing population creates a very problematic situation in an economy.7 63 3.2.8 K.K. Dewett, J.D Verma ,M.L. Sharma in their book Elementary Indian Economic (2008) : It is mentioned that India is not only the over-populated,but there is also a strong tendency towards further accentuation of over-population. Over population in India is highly responsible for problems like poverty and unemployment.After analyzing these statements we come to know that,population explosion leads to socio- economics problems in society. 8 3.2.9 Prof- JohnSon in his book “Indian Economy” (2008):It is mentioned that poverty is India is a major cause of growing population in India.Population of India is very large in size and also it is increasing very rapidly.Thus suitable population policy in India is required to control the growing population in India.9 3.2.10 V.G. Amrite, Dr Malini Johri and prof (Mrs)Chandana Chakraborti in their book, “Environmental Studies” (2009): It is mentioned that “high population growth in developing countries has created many people viz,unemployment due to many people and less jobs ; malnutrition and hunger due to food shortage.”This shows that developing countries are suffering from many social and economic problems due to rapid population growth. The socio-economic problems which are created by the population explosion in developing countries are very difficult to solve. 10 3.2.11 Dr. Anand S. Bal in his book, “Environmental Management”(2009):It is mentioned that “growing population leads to a greater polarization of habitat to urban areas in search of employment,comforts and facilities”.In other words we can say that if the population of any country increases,then in such country majority of people will prefer to migrate in urban areas for employment opportunities and good standard of living.and consequently the urban population in a country will increase.As a result,urban areas will suffer from social problems like scarcity of water ,air pollution etc.Finally we can conclude that the population explosion in a country leads to expansion of the size of urban population and socio-economic problem in urban areas of acountry. 11 3.2.12 Uma Kapila in her book “Indian Economy : Performance and Policies” (2009-10)”: It is mentioned that rapidly growing population have led to land,water and 64 fuelwood shortages in rural areas and to urban health crises resulting from lack of sanitation and clean water.In many of the poorest region of the globe,it is poorest regions of the globe, it is clear that increasing population density has contributed to severe degradation of the very resources that these growing populations depend on for survival .