Sensors in Iot Systems (Sense, Control and Actuate)
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Wide Band Gap Materials and Devices for Nox, H2 and O2 Gas Sensing Applications
Wide band gap materials and devices for NOx, H2 and O2 gas sensing applications Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor-Ingenieur (Dr.-Ing.) vorgelegt der Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik der Technischen Universität Ilmenau von Dipl.-Ing Majdeddin Ali geboren am 08.09.1976 in Homs, Syrien 1. Gutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. nat. habil. Oliver Ambacher, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Freiburg 2. Gutachter: PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Frank Schwierz, TU Ilmenau 3. Gutachter: Dr. Martin Eickhoff, Walter Schottky Institut, TU München Tag der Einreichung: 28.06.2007 Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 22.01.2008 urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2007000323 Abstract III Abstract In this thesis, field effect gas sensors (Schottky diodes, MOS capacitors, and MOSFET transistors) based on wide band gap semiconductors like silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), as well as resistive gas sensors based on indium oxide (In2O3), have been developed for the detection of reducing gases (H2, D2) and oxidising gases (NOx, O2). The development of the sensors has been performed at the Institute for Micro- and Nanoelectronic, Technical University Ilmenau in co- operation with (GE) General Electric Global Research (USA) and Umwelt-Sensor- Technik GmbH (Geschwenda). Chapter 1: serves as an introduction into the scientific fields related to this work. The theoretical fundamentals of solid-state gas sensors are provided and the relevant properties of wide band gap materials (SiC and GaN) are summarized. In chapter 2: The performance of Pt/GaN Schottky diodes with different thickness of the catalytic metal were investigated as hydrogen gas detectors. The area as well as the thickness of the Pt were varied between 250 × 250 µm2 and 1000 × 1000 µm2, 8 and 40 nm, respectively. -
Diploma Thesis
CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA THESIS Modeling and state estimation of automotive SCR catalyst JiˇríFigura Praha, 2016 Supervisor: Ing. Jaroslav Pekaˇr, Ph.D. Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Control Engineering DIPLOMA THESIS ASSIGNMENT Student: Bc. Jiří Figura Study programme: Cybernetics and Robotics Specialisation: Systems and Control Title of Diploma Thesis: Modeling and state estimation of automotive SCR catalyst Guidelines: 1. Get introduced to automotive SCR and combined SCR/DPF systems 2. Provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in SCR state estimation and SCR modeling 3. Develop a model of automotive SCR catalyst for online estimation 4. Design an SCR estimator/observer of NH3 storage and analyze its performance Bibliography/Sources: [1] I. Nova and E. Tronconi, Eds., Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014 [2] C. Ericson, B. Westerberg, and I. Odenbrand, A state-space simplified SCR catalyst model for real time applications, SAE Technical Paper, 2008 [3] H. S. Surenahalli, G. Parker, and J. H. Johnson, Extended Kalman Filter Estimator for NH3 Storage, NO, NO2 and NH3 Estimation in a SCR, SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 2013-01-1581, Apr. 2013 [4] H. Zhang, J. Wang, and Y.-Y. Wang, Robust Filtering for Ammonia Coverage Estimation in Diesel Engine Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, vol. 135, no. 6, pp. 064504-064504, Aug. 2013 Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Ing. Jaroslav Pekař, Ph.D. Valid until the summer semester 2016/2017 L.S. -
Highly Sensitive and Selective Chemiresistor Gas/Vapor Sensors Based on Polyaniline Nanocomposite: a Comprehensive Review
Accepted Manuscript Highly Sensitive and Selective Chemiresistor Gas/Vapor Sensors based on Polyaniline Nanocomposite: A comprehensive review Sadanand Pandey PII: S2468-2179(16)30163-0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.10.005 Reference: JSAMD 67 To appear in: Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices Received Date: 17 September 2016 Revised Date: 11 October 2016 Accepted Date: 12 October 2016 Please cite this article as: S. Pandey, Highly Sensitive and Selective Chemiresistor Gas/Vapor Sensors based on Polyaniline Nanocomposite: A comprehensive review, Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices (2016), doi: 10.1016/j.jsamd.2016.10.005. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Highly Sensitive and Selective Chemiresistor Gas/Vapor Sensors based on Polyaniline Nanocomposite: A comprehensive review Sadanand Pandey a,b * aDepartment of Applied chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontien 2028, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA) bCentre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa (RSA) ABSTRACT This current review pays particular attention to some current breakthrough develop in the area of gas sensors based on polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite. Conducting polymers symbolize a paramount class of organic materials with boost the resistivity towards external stimuli. -
Modeling of Vapor Sorption in Nanoparticle Chemiresistors Alexandra Oliveira [email protected]
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Honors Scholar Theses Honors Scholar Program Spring 5-16-2019 Modeling of Vapor Sorption in Nanoparticle Chemiresistors Alexandra Oliveira [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses Part of the Other Chemical Engineering Commons, and the Semiconductor and Optical Materials Commons Recommended Citation Oliveira, Alexandra, "Modeling of Vapor Sorption in Nanoparticle Chemiresistors" (2019). Honors Scholar Theses. 610. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/srhonors_theses/610 Modeling of Vapor Sorption in Nanoparticle Chemiresistors Alexandra Oliveira, Dr. Brian G. Willis Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Connecticut Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Objective .................................................................................................................................... 4 3. Theory ........................................................................................................................................ 6 A. AuNP Sensor Fabrication ..................................................................................................................... 6 B. Volumetric Expansion of Organic Ligands -
A Chemiresistor Sensor Array for Insect Infestation Detection By
A Chemiresistor Sensor Array for Insect Infestation Detection by Kanchana Anuruddika Kumari Weerakoon A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 7th , 2012 Key words: Polythiophene sensor Polyaniline sensor, Polymer/carbon composite sensor, Sensor array, insect infestation, Thin film sensor array Copyright 2012 by Kanchana Anuruddika Kumari Weerakoon Approved by Bryan A. Chin, Chair, Professor of Materials Engineering Minseo Park, Associate Professor of Physics Dong Joo (Daniel) Kim, Associate Professor of Materials Engineering Zhong Yang Cheng, Associate Professor of Materials Engineering Abstract Plants emit volatile organic compounds as a defensive mechanism to protect themselves from insects and pathogens. These volatile organic chemicals, also known as phytochemicals, are given off during the early stages of insect infestation and may be detected using a chemical sensor array. The chemiresistor sensor array, investigated in this study, consists of a silicon substrate, electroactive polymer based active layer and microelectronically fabricated interdigitated electrodes. The sensor array is inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and could be used for onsite detection of insect infestation. Compared to traditional methods of detecting insect infestation such as leaf inspection and insect traps, this method is quick, inexpensive and would not require trained personal. The sensor array investigated in this dissertation uses three types of polymers as active sensing layers; polythiophene, carbon/polymer and polyaniline. The polymer coatings were deposited onto the sensor platforms via drop casting and spin coating methods. The sensor array was exposed and found to be sensitive to a variety of phytochemicals including γ-terpinene, α- pinene, p-cymene, farnesene, limonene, and cis-hexenyl acetate. -
Highly Sensitive and Selective Chemiresistor Gas/Vapor Sensors Based on Polyaniline Nanocomposite: a Comprehensive Review
Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 1 (2016) 431e453 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsamd Review Article Highly sensitive and selective chemiresistor gas/vapor sensors based on polyaniline nanocomposite: A comprehensive review * Sadanand Pandey a, b, a Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontien 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa b Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, South Africa article info abstract Article history: This review article directs particular attention to some current breakthrough developments in the area of Received 17 September 2016 gas sensors based on polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite. Conducting polymers symbolize a paramount Received in revised form class of organic materials that boost the resistivity towards external stimuli. Nevertheless, PANI-based 11 October 2016 sensor experiences some disadvantages of relatively low reproducibility, selectivity, and stability. In Accepted 12 October 2016 order to overcome these restrictions, PANI was functionalised or incorporated with nanoparticles (NPs) Available online 18 October 2016 (metallic or bimetallic NPs, metal oxide NPs), carbon compounds (like CNT or graphene, chalcogenides, polymers), showing improved gas sensing characteristics. It has been suggested that hosteguest Keywords: Gas sensors chemistry combined with the utilization of organic and inorganic analog in nanocomposite may allow for Polyaniline improvement of the sensor performance due to synergetic/complementary effects. Herein, we summa- Sensitivity rize recent advantages in PANI nanocomposite preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties Chemiresistive response of various PANI nanocomposite-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH3,H2, HCl, NO2,H2S, CO, CO2,SO2, Metal oxide nanoparticles LPG, vapor of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as chemical warfare agents (CWAs). -
Two-Dimensional Chemiresistive Covalent Organic Framework with 8 High Intrinsic Conductivity 9 10 Zheng Meng,1 Robert M
Page 1 of 11 Journal of the American Chemical Society 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Two-Dimensional Chemiresistive Covalent Organic Framework with 8 High Intrinsic Conductivity 9 10 Zheng Meng,1 Robert M. Stolz,1 Katherine A. Mirica*1 11 12 1Department of Chemistry, Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755 13 14 15 16 Supporting Information Placeholder 17 18 ABSTRACT: This paper describes the synthesis of a novel intrinsically conductive two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic 19 framework (COF) through the aromatic annulation of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octa-aminophthalocyanine nickel(II) and pyrene- 20 4,5,9,10-tetraone. The intrinsic bulk conductivity of the COF material (termed COF-DC-8) reached 2.5110-3 S/m, and increased 21 by three orders of magnitude with I2 doping. Electronic calculations revealed an anisotropic band structure, with the possibility 22 for significant contribution from out-of-plane charge-transport to the intrinsic bulk conductivity. Upon integration into 23 chemiresistive devices, this conductive COF showed excellent responses to various reducing and oxidizing gases, including NH3, 24 H2S, NO, and NO2, with parts-per-billion (ppb) level of limits of detection (LOD for NH3=70 ppb, for H2S=204 ppb, for NO=5 25 ppb, and for NO2=16 ppb based on 1.5 min exposure). Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron 26 spectroscopy studies suggested that the chemiresistive response of the COF-DC-8 involves charge transfer interactions 27 between the analyte and nickelphthalocyanine component of the framework. 28 29 30 INTRODUCTION molecular solids,11 and conductive coordination polymers),5b, 31 5c, 12 the strategy for maximizing the intrinsic bulk 32 The development of chemically robust, porous, and conductivity of COFs can leverage through-bond and 33 electrically conductive nanomaterials drives progress in 1 2 3 through-space charge transport characteristics. -
Electronic Nose for Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air and Exhaled Breath
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 Electronic nose for analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and exhaled breath. Zhenzhen Xie University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Xie, Zhenzhen, "Electronic nose for analysis of volatile organic compounds in air and exhaled breath." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2707. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2707 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ELECTRONIC NOSE FOR ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR AND EXHALED BREATH By Zhenzhen Xie M.S., University of Louisville, 2013 B.S., Heilongjiang University, 2011 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the J. B. Speed School of Engineering University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Louisville, KY May 2017 ELECTRONIC NOSE FOR ANALYSIS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR AND EXHALED BREATH by Zhenzhen Xie B.S., Heilongjiang University, 2011 M.S., University of Louisville, 2013 A Dissertation Approved On 04/03/2017 by the Following Committee: ___________________________________ Dr. Xiao-An Fu, Dissertation Director ___________________________________ Dr. -
Development of a Nanocomposite Chemiresistor Sensor Based on Π
Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical 271 (2018) 353–357 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/snb Development of a nanocomposite chemiresistor sensor based on π- conjugated azo polymer and graphene blend for detection of dissolved T oxygen ⁎ André Olean-Oliveira, Marcos F.S. Teixeira Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry – School of Science and Technology, University of State of Sao Paulo (UNESP), Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, CEP 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The present paper describes the electrochemical impedance activity of a hybrid film with graphene and poly(azo- Azo conductive polymers Bismarck Brown Y) as the chemiresistor material. This nanocomposite film exhibits interesting properties based Chemiresistor on the redox properties of the azo polymer combined with the great electronic conductivity and stability of Nanocomposite graphene. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the poly(azo-BBY)-rGO electrode in solutions with dif- Oxygen sensor ferent dissolved O concentrations revealed that the resistance values are very sensitive to variations in the O Graphene 2 2 concentration. 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Chemiresistors represent a new class and emerging area of electro- All measurements were performed in a conventional electro- chemical sensors [1,2]. Their operation is based on the change in the chemical cell containing three electrodes: a saturated calomel electrode electrical resistance of the material due to chemical interaction with the (SCE) as the reference; platinum wire as the counter electrode and a analyte [3]. A variety of materials have been investigated for applica- fluoride-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode coated with a poly(azo-BBY)- tion as chemiresistors, such as semiconductor metal oxides [4], con- rGO blend as the working electrode (1.0 cm2). -
DTC P2200, P2202, P2203, P229E, P22A0, Or P22A1 • 2013 Chevrolet Silverado 4WD • Motologic
7/8/2020 DTC P2200, P2202, P2203, P229E, P22A0, or P22A1 • 2013 Chevrolet Silverado 4WD • MotoLogic DTC P2200, P2202, P2203, P229E, P22A0, or P22A1 Report a problem with this article Applies to: 6.6L (LGH or LML) Diagnostic Instructions Perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle prior to using this diagnostic procedure. Review Strategy Based Diagnosis for an overview of the diagnostic approach. Diagnostic Procedure Instructions provides an overview of each diagnostic category. DTC Descriptors DTC P2200 NOx Sensor 1 Circuit DTC P229E NOx Sensor 2 Circuit DTC P2202 NOx Sensor 1 Circuit Low Voltage DTC P2203 NOx Sensor 1 Circuit High Voltage DTC P22A0 NOx Sensor 2 Circuit Low Voltage DTC P22A1 NOx Sensor 2 Circuit High Voltage Diagnostic Fault Information Short to Open/High Short to Signal Circuit Ground Resistance Voltage Performance U029D, U029D, U029E, U029D, U029E, NOx Sensor Ignition Voltage — P220A, U029E P220A, P220B P220B U0074, U010E, U0074, High Speed GMLAN Serial Data (+) — P205D P205D P205D U029D, U029E, U010E, U010E, High Speed GMLAN Serial Data (−) — U010E, P205D P205D P205D https://www.motologic.com/car/2013_chevrolet_silverado_4wd_3743/article/d2ee5c9d4549f5394cc56263b77426fb?returnPath=%2Fcar%2F2013_che… 1/5 7/8/2020 DTC P2200, P2202, P2203, P229E, P22A0, or P22A1 • 2013 Chevrolet Silverado 4WD • MotoLogic Short to Open/High Short to Signal Circuit Ground Resistance Voltage Performance U029D, NOx Sensor Ground — — — U029E Circuit/System Description The reductant system uses two nitrogen oxide (NOx) sensors to monitor the amount of NOx in the engine’s exhaust gas. The first sensor is located at the outlet of the turbocharger and monitors the engine out NOx level. The second NOx sensor is located between the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and the diesel particulate filter (DPF) and monitors NOx levels downstream of the SCR. -
Nitrogen Oxides Gas Sensor Utilizing Microporous
DEVELOPMENT OF HARSH ENVIRONMENT NITROGEN OXIDES SOLID- STATE GAS SENSORS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Nicholas F. Szabo, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Prabir Dutta, Adviser Dr. Sheikh Akbar ______________________ Adviser Dr. Patrick Woodward Department of Chemistry ABSTRACT The goal of this dissertation was to study and develop high temperature solid-state sensors for combustion based gases. Specific attention was focused on NOx gases (NO and NO2) as they are of significant importance with respect to the environment and the health of living beings. This work is divided into four sections with the first chapter being an introduction into the effects of NOx gases and current regulations, followed by an introduction to the field of high temperature NOx sensors and finally where and why they will be needed in the future. Chapter 2 focuses on the development of a gas sensor for NOx capable of operation in harsh environments. The basis of the sensor is a mixed potential response at 500/600°C generated by exposure of gases to a platinum-yttria stabilized zirconia (Pt- YSZ) interface. Asymmetry between the two Pt electrodes on YSZ is generated by covering one of the electrodes with a zeolite, which helps to bring NO/NO2 towards equilibrium prior to the gases reaching the electrochemically active interface. Three sensor designs have been examined, including a planar design that is amenable to packaging for surviving automotive exhaust streams. Automotive tests indicated that the sensor is capable of detecting NO in engine exhausts. -
Review on Smart Gas Sensing Technology
sensors Review Review on Smart Gas Sensing Technology Shaobin Feng 1, Fadi Farha 1, Qingjuan Li 1, Yueliang Wan 2,3, Yang Xu 1, Tao Zhang 4,* and Huansheng Ning 1,2,* 1 School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2 Beijing Engineering Research Center for Cyberspace Data Analysis and Applications, Beijing 100083, China 3 Research Institute, Run Technologies Co., Ltd. Beijing, Beijing 100192, China 4 Key Lab of Information Network Security of Ministry of Public Security (The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security), Shanghai 201204, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (T.Z.); [email protected] (H.N.); Tel.: +86-186-2132-0315 (T.Z.); +86-010-6233-3406 (H.N.) Received: 17 July 2019; Accepted: 28 August 2019; Published: 30 August 2019 Abstract: With the development of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology, the applications of gas sensors in the fields of smart homes, wearable devices, and smart mobile terminals have developed by leaps and bounds. In such complex sensing scenarios, the gas sensor shows the defects of cross sensitivity and low selectivity. Therefore, smart gas sensing methods have been proposed to address these issues by adding sensor arrays, signal processing, and machine learning techniques to traditional gas sensing technologies. This review introduces the reader to the overall framework of smart gas sensing technology, including three key points; gas sensor arrays made of different materials, signal processing for drift compensation and feature extraction, and gas pattern recognition including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and other techniques.