Birds in 2001

Ydhyn yn Kernow

Cornwall -Watching and Preservation Society CORNWALL BIRD-WATCHING & PRESERVATION SOCIETY

SEVENTY-FIRST

ANNUAL REPORT

2001

Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) The emblem of The Cornwall Bird-watching & Preservation Society HONORARY OFFICERS AND COMMITTEE 2002/03

President Steve Madge, Seawinds, Lower Trerieve, Downderry, , PL15 3LZ Chairman Stuart Hutchings, 24 Kernick Road, Penryn, TRIO 8NT Vice-Chairman Graham Sutton, Harcombe, West Park Road, , EX23 8PB

General Secretary Steve Rogers, Roseland, Cyril Road, , TR1 3TA

Treasurer Colin Boyd, 4 Henliston Drive, , TR13 8BW

Membership Secretary Sara McMahon, 72 Underwood Road, Plympton, PL7 1SZ

Conservation Officer Brian Craven, 15 Compass West, Tregadillett, Launceston, PL 15 7EA

Assistant Conservation Officer Adrian Brown, 31 Alexandra Road, Illogan, , TR16 50G

Newsletter Editor Darrell Clegg, 55 Lower Fore Street, , PL12 6JQ

Field Meetings Officer Vacancy

Public Relations Officer Tony Langford, Miango, Trewirgie Road, Redruth, TR15 2SX

Honorary Solicitor Greg Adams, 2 Street, Helston, TR13 8PS

Committee Members: Francis Couch (), Pete Fraser Truro), Andy Pay (Helston) Clare Mucklow (Exeter), Mark Tunmore (The Lizard).

The Society is a Charity registered with the Charity Commission for and Number 255899

The Trustees are the Honorary Officers and other Members of the Executive Committee shown above

County Recorder Kester Wilson, 1 Tol-Pedn House, School Hill Road, St Levan, TR19 6LP [email protected]

Editor " in Cornwall" Ian Wilson, 3 Hunters Close, Husbands Bosworth, Leicestershire, LEI7 6LG

Records Committee: Mashuq Ahmad, Greg Conway, Pete Fraser, Steve Madge, Graham Sutton & Laurie Williams

Photographs Front Page: Baird's Sandpiper, Long Rock Beach, September 2001 - Gary Cockill Back Page: Rosy Starling, , June 2001 - Gary Cockill

2 CONTENTS Page

Review of the Year 2001 Kester & Ian Wilson 4

Editorial Ian Wilson 12

Acknowledgements 12

Submission of Records 13

Submission of Rarity Reports 15

Systematic List for 2001 Kester & Ian Wilson 17

Records for which details are still required 153

First and Last Dates of Summer Migrants 154

Contributors 154

Photographers 156

Gazetteer 156

Ringing Report 2001 Greg Conway 163

Chairman's Report Stuart Hutchings 171

Conservation Officer's Report Brian Craven 172

Obituary: David Barker Stuart Hutchings 175

2001 Balance Sheet and Accounts 176

The Society's Rules 180

Printed by B. J. Press Ltd., Unit 29 Threemilestone Ind Estate, Truro, Cornwall, TR4 9LD Copyright Cornwall Bird-watching & Preservation Society 2002

3 REVIEW OF THE YEAR 2001

Reports were received from two hundred and fifty observers covering two hundred and seventy-six species, three less than the average of the previous ten years. No new species were recorded on the county mainland this year, the first time since 1994 and only the second time since 1957. The more new species we see the less there are to see, and blank years are likely to happen more frequently in future years. However, the year did see the second records of Paddyfield Warbler and Hume's Leaf Warbler.

The major event affecting bird watching was the confirmation of a case of foot and mouth disease in the north of England on 20th February. The disease quickly spread across much of the country, and the only things moving more quickly were the restrictions on movement in the countryside that resulted in most of the county being placed out of bounds to bird watchers. This reduced the number of reports received for the next six to seven months and will undoubtedly have resulted in some distortion of data.

Happily, the restrictions were lifted in early autumn, and the pleasure of being able to again get out and about undoubtedly helped to offset the disappointment of largely unfavourable weather conditions in August and September. It is often said that nature evens things out over the longer term, and the normally quiet months of November and December saw the arrival of a number of interesting birds.

JANUARY Several rarities remained in the county since last year including American Black Ducks at Colliford Reservoir and Stithians Reservoir, and Green-winged Teals at Loe Pool, on the Estuary and at Maer Lake. Great Bitterns were still in residence at Loe Pool and Marsh.

On 1st there was a Black Guillemot and fifty Great Cormorants in Carbis Bay, one hundred Shags were in Falmouth Bay, and St John's Lake had two thousand Dunlins and one hundred and ten Grey Plovers. Two Spoonbills appeared at Maer Lake and three Greater Scaups were at St John's Lake on 5th. Three hundred and forty Skylarks were on Reskajeage Downs on 6th together with four Lapland Buntings, and a Rosy Starling was found at Torpoint. The following day there were thirty- one Black-necked Grebes in the Carrick Roads. A Pied-billed Grebe was on Upper Tamar Lake on 8th when a Great Bittern was seen on Bude Marshes. Twenty-two Red-throated Divers were in Harlyn Bay on 9th and an early Barn Swallow was seen at .

Twenty Eurasian Woodcock were reported at Sheviock on 13th and there were four Wood Larks at Trebah and a Black Guillemot was in Mount's Bay. There were two hundred and thirty Shags off Swanpool Beach on 14th and eight Goosanders on Lower Tamar Lake on 15th. Three hundred and ten Common Gulls visited the Camel Estuary on 18th, and one hundred and eighty-four Common Shelducks were at the same site on 19th. Eighty Reed Buntings were on on 21st, four Water Pipits were at Walmsley Sanctuary on 22nd and seven Nuthatches were at Lanhydrock on 24th.

Thirty-three Moorhens were seen on Bude Marshes on 25th and there was a Chough at Pendower Beach the following day. On 27th there were one hundred Grey Plovers on the Camel Estuary, and eighty-five Black-tailed Godwits on Tresillian River. Kingsmill Lake was the site of one hundred and ninety Avocets and three hundred and twenty-nine Common Redshanks on 28th. What was presumably last year's returning Green-winged Teal reappeared on the last day of the month at Colliford Reservoir, together with thirty Northern Shovellers on the Camel Estuary and six Grey Partridges at Little Halveor.

4 FEBRUARY A large gathering of one hundred and sixteen Magpies was seen at Marazion Marsh on the first day of the month. A third Ring-billed Gull arrived at the Hayle Estuary on 2nd, the trio remaining in the area for a few weeks. On 3rd there were forty Yellowhammers at Duloe, a high number for the county in the twenty-first century. Three thousand seven hundred European Golden Plovers were on the Camel Estuary on 4th, there were two thousand two hundred Northern Lapwings at Crowdy Reservoir and a Great Bittern appeared at Ruan Lanihorne. The gull roost on the Hayle Estuary contained six Western Yellow-legged Gulls on 8th, there was a Black Guillemot off St Anthony Head and the first Garganey of the year was at Land's End on 9th, and forty-three Lesser Redpolls were at Bodmin on 10th. The earliest House Martin of the last twenty-five years was seen at Newlyn on 11th and seventy Red-breasted Mergansers were in the Carrick Roads on 17th.

Numbers of Black-throated Divers were at their highest on 18th when there were fifty-five off Hemmick Beach and forty-three off Pendower Beach, and the latter site also held twenty-one Slavonian Grebes. What was presumably last year's Spoonbill returned to the Lynher Estuary on 21st, and the following day there were thirty-five Red-throated Divers near the Jubilee Pool in Penzance and six hundred and fourteen Great Black-backed Gulls on the Camel Estuary. On 23rd there were two Glaucous Gulls on the Hayle Estuary. A Great Grey Shrike appeared at Kilkhampton on 26th, probably a bird previously seen in Devon, and there were two thousand and ninety-two Lesser Black-backed Gulls on the Camel Estuary on 27th.

MARCH The earliest reported Willow Warbler for the last twenty-five years was at Wheal Kitty on 2nd and a Green-winged Teal was at Marazion Marsh on 7th. The wind was blowing from the southeast, there was some movement of Chiffchaffs and Meadow Pipits, the first Sand Martin of the year was at Maer Lake on 8th and the first Sandwich Tern of the year passed Hannafore on 9th when the first Northern Wheatear appeared at Godrevy Point. One thousand four hundred and twelve Lesser Black-backed Gulls were on the Camel Estuary on 10th and there was an Iceland Gull at Loe Pool, one of five seen in the county during the month. Ninety-six House Sparrows were seen at Caerhays on 11th, a high number for this species by today's standards.

Light easterly winds on 16th brought a White Stork to Copperhouse Creek on its way to Devon, and the first Alba Wagtail of the year was at Trevose Head. There was a movement of Goldcrests and Firecrests on 20th and a Kumlien's Gull was identified on Hayle Estuary. A Black Guillemot was on the on 21st. A Chough was in the Land's End area on 24th. On 25th a Great Spotted Cuckoo appeared at Land's End amongst a good arrival of migrants on a light easterly wind, fortunately visiting one of the few sites still open to birdwatchers during the foot and mouth disease restrictions. Forty-eight Great Northern Divers were in Bay, and the first Hoopoe of the year was at Tresmeer, on 30th.

APRIL One hundred and fifty-six Whimbrels were at Drift Reservoir on 1st, Hoopoe was found at Praa Sands and there was a good movement of Sand Martins and a scattering of Barn Swallows. A Hawfinch was a nice find on a Lizard Village bird table on 5th, the same day that the first Common Swift was seen at Trevose Head. The highest count of Northern Fulmars for the year was six hundred and twenty at Towan Head on 6th and there was a Hoopoe at Carnworthy Water. The first Yellow Wagtail of the year was at St Just on 7th. There were fifty-six Purple Sandpipers at the Jubilee Pool, an Alpine Swift at St Ives and a Hoopoe at Duckpool on 8th.

5 The first of the year was at Colliford Reservoir on 11th, an adult Night Heron was seen to come in off the sea at Church Cove on a light northerly wind, and thirty-two Common Buzzards were seen from Crean. There was a large arrival of migrants on 12th after a still night. On 13th there were eleven Garganeys at Marazion Marsh, and on 14th a Subalpine Warbler came in to Nanjizal on a southeast wind. The first Sedge Warbler of the year was reported at Marazion Marsh on 15th and the earliest Common Whitethroat was at Adams Hill on 16th. The earliest Reed Warbler was at Marazion Marsh on 19th, and White Wagtails were seen in numbers with twenty-five in Mount's Bay. The following day a Marsh Harrier visited Marazion Marsh and a Glaucous Gull was at Land's End, one of six in the county during the month.

The first Common Cuckoos of the year were heard at Boscundle and Trevose Head on 21st after the wind had dropped the previous night, and on 22nd seven Little Terns passed Hannafore. A Hobby, the first of the year, was seen at on 24th and the first Pied Flycatcher was at Kennack Sands. There was then a good passage of Whimbrels with three hundred passing through Mount's Bay on 26th, one hundred and fifty-eight at Hannafore on 27th (when there was also a Serin at Nanjizal) and one hundred and twenty at Sancreed on 28th. A second calendar year Night Heron was at Croft Pascoe on 29th. This was also the day of the highest count of Corn Buntings of the year, thirty-one at Trevose Head. The month ended with a visit by a Bonaparte's Gull that showed itself briefly to some birdwatchers waiting to board the Scillonian in Penzance Harbour.

MAY There were two Little Ringed Plovers at Maer Lake, one hundred Northern Wheatears were at Land's End and the first Spotted Flycatcher was seen at Lizard Point on 2nd. The next day three Choughs were found on a south coast headland where they remained for the rest of the year. Seventy- five Great Cormorants were at Hannafore on 5th, there was a Marsh Harrier on Goonhilly Downs, a Blue-headed Wagtail at Nanjizal and a European Dotterel at Arden-Sawah. What turned out to be the final sighting of Glaucous Gull for the year took place at Hayle on 6th when a Blue-headed Wagtail was at Trevilley. A European Dotterel was on St Just Airfield on 7th, and there were two Blue-headed Wagtails at Nanjizal and one at Maer Lake. The first of a good influx of Turtle Doves were reported at Arden-Sawah and Nanjizal on 8th, and the latter site also had a bird showing characteristics of Spanish Wagtail. Good numbers of Sedge Warblers, Blackcaps and Common Whitethroats were arriving.

A surprise find was a male King Eider at Newquay on 10th, the third record for the county. Easterly winds from the continent commenced on 11th, and on 12th an adult female Montagu's Harrier was at Nanjizal. The easterly wind strengthened on 13th which was a busy day with a Marsh Harrier visiting Nanjizal and Land's End, a Red-rumped Swallow was at Nanjizal, a Shore Lark was at Land's End, and adult male Montagu's Harrier was at Nanjizal, fifteen Pomerine Skuas were in Mount's Bay, seven Turtle Doves were at Kelynack and eight at Land's End, four Bee-eaters at Kelynack and two Golden Orioles were at Nanjizal.

The high pressure weakened on 14th, to be superseded by a low pressure from Spain on 15th when a Yellow-browed Warbler and a Citrine Wagtail visited Land's End, and a Wryneck was at Drift Reservoir. Twenty-one European Reed Warblers were at Par Beach Pool on 16th. A high count of one hundred and thirty-two Collared Doves took place at Yellow-browed Warbler (Kester Wilson)

6 Polgigga on 18th, and a Red-throated Pipit was at Nanjizal on 22nd in the continuing easterly winds. Possibly the same wing-tagged Red Kite was seen at Nanjizal and on 23rd when a Red- backed Shrike was at Land's End. A Squacco Heron was found sitting on the cliffs at Lamorna Cove on 25th, Common Quails were at Rame Head and Tollgate on 26th and a Woodchat Shrike was at Marazion Marsh on 30th.

JUNE The weather was generally settled and warm, most of the migrants had settled down to breed and the first young of the resident species were fledging. A Red Kite was seen over Bodmin Moor on 3rd and a second calendar year female Red-footed Falcon was at Croft Pascoe, the first of two found by the same observer in the same area during the month. Rosy Starlings appeared at Kynance Cove on 9th and on 10th. A Common Quail visited Porthgwarra on 13th, and a Rosy Starling was at Newquay on 19th. A Great White Egret appeared at Stithians Reservoir on 21st, a period of warm weather was in place and non-breeding Sand Martins were much in evidence. On 24th a Marsh Harrier was at Marazion Marsh and a second calendar male Red-footed Falcon was on Goonhilly Downs. Another Marsh Harrier was reported at the Camel Estuary on 27th.

JULY The month commenced with high pressure in control of the weather and returning waders starting to move through the county. Eight Common Greenshanks were on Hayle Estuary and seven Green Sandpipers at Nanjizal on 5th. Common Quails were reported at Rame Head on 7th and at Idless on 9th. A low-pressure system moved in from the west on 8th and a period of unsettled weather saw the commencement of a period of good sea watching. Pendeen Watch had a passage of fifteen Cory's Shearwaters, twelve Sooty Shearwaters, five Balearic Shearwaters and fifty Storm Petrels on 11th. That day also saw the highest ever count of one thousand two hundred and forty-two Canada Geese at Colliford Reservoir. Four hundred Common Swifts were over the Camel Estuary on 14th and a Kentish Plover was at on 15th.

There were one hundred and seventeen Common Scoters and thousands of Manx Shearwaters off on 16th, part of a large number of seen feeding off Gwennap Head (presumably on good shoals of mackerel and/or sand eels) for several days. On 17th a Marsh Harrier was at Boswednack and a Roseate Tern was at St John's Lake. Sixteen Sooty Shearwaters were seen at Porthgwarra on 20th and eighty-five Balearic Shearwaters the following day. That was also the date of a high count of twenty-seven Mistle Thrushes at Mt Edgecumbe. A Chough appeared at Hemmick Beach on 23rd, and seven European Tree Sparrows were at Nanjizal on 24th. St Buryan saw a Marsh Harrier on 26th, and a Honey Buzzard was at Croft Pascoe and eight Green Sandpipers were at Drift Reservoir on 28th. Many of the breeding birds appeared to be having a good season and good numbers of Common Whitethroats were having second broods.

Tree Sparrows (Kester Wilson)

7 AUGUST Settled weather saw the usual mixture of waders and other early migrants passing through the county. Thirty-five Common Sandpipers were on the Upper Tamar Estuary on 1 st. Porthgwarra had a good day on 4th, following the arrival of a low pressure system, with thirty-one Cory's Shearwaters, thirty-nine Great Shearwaters, thirty-five Balearic Shearwaters, thirteen Sooty Shearwaters, one hundred and ninety-four European Storm Petrels, two Pomarine Skuas, an Arctic Skua and eleven Great Skuas. The 5th saw sixty-six Mute Swans on the Camel Estuary. There were seven Whooper Swans on Hayle Estuary on 7th, one hundred and twenty-seven Oystercatchers at Maer Lake and three hundred House Martins on the Gannel Estuary. What was presumably last year's American Black Duck appeared on Loe pool on 8th, and there were one hundred and fifty-six Oystercatchers in Mount's Bay and two Little Ringed Plovers at Walmsley Sanctuary on 10th.

On 13th one thousand three hundred and fifteen European Storm Petrels passed Porthgwarra and fifteen Arctic Skuas were seen from Pendeen Watch. The following day there was a Eurasian Spoonbill at Calstock, a Northern Goshawk over Rame Head, and the first of six sightings of two or three Aquatic Warblers at Marazion Marsh. A King Eider, assumed to be the bird seen in May, appeared at New Polzeath on 17th. One hundred and twenty Greater Ringed Plovers were on the Hayle Estuary on 18th following strong southeast winds and rain the previous evening, a Temminck's Stint paid a short visit to Nanjizal, thirty-three Common Greenshanks were on the Devoran River and there were nine Wood Sandpipers at Stithians Reservoir. A count of eighty Little Egrets was made on the Camel Estuary on 19th, and there was a European Dotterel at Porthgwarra and a Rosy Starling at Helston.

There was a European Dotterel at Nanjizal and a Pectoral Sandpiper on Landulph Marsh on 22nd. On 24th there were thirty-eight Common Terns at the Hayle Estuary and a Woodchat Shrike was at Nanquidno, probably the result of light southeast winds the previous day. Four hundred and sixty-five Oystercatchers were on the Camel Estuary, a Hoopoe was at Porthgwarra and a Wryneck was at Nanquidno on 25th. On 26th Marazion had a European Dotterel and Porthgwarra had thirty-five Spotted Flycatchers, and on 27th there were twenty-seven Red Knots on the Hayle Estuary. A Spoonbill visited Loe Pool on 28th, the last Common Cuckoo of the year was seen at Nanjizal on 29th, there was a Lesser Yellowlegs on the Devoran River on 30th, and a Spotted Crake was seen at Marazion Marsh on the last day of the month.

SEPTEMBER September was a relatively disappointing month as there were long periods of northwest winds coming from far out in the Atlantic. Wrynecks were found at Newlyn and Trembath on 1st and there was a Melodious Warbler at Porthgwarra. On 3rd there was a Wryneck and a Pectoral Sandpiper at Tolgus, a Pectoral Sandpiper at Upper Tamar Lake and an Aquatic Warbler at Porthcurnick Beach. The last Common Swift of the year was reported at Maer Lake on 4th. Seventeen Tree Pipits passed through Nanjizal on 5th, one hundred and sixty-seven Oystercatchers were on Par Beach on 6th and a Spotted Crake was on Marazion Marsh on 7th. On 8th there were two hundred and seventy- eight and thirty-four Moorhens on Loe Pool, and three hundred and four Great Black- backed Gulls at Hannafore. Six Little Stints were at Siblyback Reservoir on 9th and a Lesser Yellowlegs commenced a thirteen-day stay at Walmsley Sanctuary. On 11th the last Garganey of the year was on the Hayle Estuary. A Spotted Crake was at Marazion Marsh on 12th and forty Bar-tailed Godwits were on the Camel Estuary.

A windy day at Pendeen Watch on 13th produced one hundred and forty Sooty Shearwaters, thirty- five thousand Manx Shearwaters, thirty-five Balearic Shearwaters, forty Great Skuas, a Long- tailed Skua and a Sabine's Gull. Forty-two thousand Manx Shearwaters were also reported from 8 Bosigran. Five hundred Goldfinches were at Colliford Reservoir on 14th, and the 16th produced nine Leach's Petrels at St Ives Island, a Baird's Sandpiper on Long Rock Beach and twenty-one Curlew Sandpipers at Upper Tamar Lake. On 17th a Pectoral Sandpiper was found on Landulph Marsh, and on 18th thirty Little Grebes were at Loe Pool and an American Golden Plover on The Lizard.

Four Little Stints were at Drift Reservoir on 19th, and what was presumably the Newquay King Eider was seen briefly in Mount's Bay. Stithians Reservoir had thirty-two Little Grebes and one hundred and fifty-six Common Coots on 20th. A further seven Little Stints were at Upper Tamar Lake on 21st, there were three thousand and nine Herring Gulls at Hannafore, and an Ortolan Bunting and the first Lapland Longspur of the autumn was at Nanjizal. One hundred and two Shags were off Rame Head on 22nd and there were four Ruddy Ducks on Par Beach Pool. On 23rd there were four Little Stints at Loe Pool, Red-breasted Flycatchers at Morwenstow and Polly Joke and the first of the autumn's Yellow-browed Warblers was located at Nanquidno. There was a count of thirty-two Grey Herons on the Camel Estuary and Spotted Crakes were at Marazion Marsh and Nanjizal on 24th. Another autumnal sign was the sight of two Short-eared at Nanjizal. A European Dotterel was at Arden-Sawah on 25th and a Common Rosefinch was at Nanquidno. On 28th a Pectoral Sandpiper visited Nanjizal, and on 29th there were nine Little Stints at Stithians Reservoir and a small influx of Wrynecks with sightings at Kenidjack, Nanjizal, Porthgwarra and Trevose Head.

OCTOBER A count of forty-two Great Crested Grebes on the Lynher Estuary on 1 st was the best of the year, and there were fifty-six Great Cormorants at Upper Tamar Lake. Stithians Reservoir had eight Little Stints and a Pectoral Sandpiper, Kingsmill Lake had ninety-eight Black-tailed Godwits, Hayle Estuary had a Roseate Tern and there was a Wryneck at Nanquidno. Another Wryneck was in Kynance Cove on 2nd, and a Long-eared was seen at Porthgwarra. Pectoral Sandpipers were seen at Upper Tamar Lake on 3rd and at Crowdy Reservoir on 4th, and there were also two Choughs at Cape Cornwall on the latter date. Another Chough was found at Rame Head on 6th, and Predannack had a Red-footed Falcon and Porthgwarra a Red-eyed Vireo on 7th when westerly winds predominated.

The 8th was an interesting day with a Pectoral Sandpiper at Maer Lake, six hundred and eleven on the Camel Estuary, forty-five Grey Phalaropes passed Cape Cornwall and seventy-five passed Pendeen Watch (and several were seen at other sites), one hundred and fifty Sandwich Terns passed Pendeen Watch and there was a Barred Warbler at Porthgwarra that remained well into November. Another busy day followed on 9th when the last Sand Martins of the year were reported at Forder, Rame Head and St Levan. Six Little Stints and nine hundred and eighty-four Canada Geese were reported from Upper Tamar Lake, a Wryneck was at Nanjizal, and five hundred Meadow Pipits and one thousand Linnets were at Rame Head.

On 11th a Red-breasted Flycatcher appeared in Sennen Cove, and on 12th southeast winds set in and a Corn Crake was seen at Nanjizal. A male and a female Ring-necked Duck were found on Drift Reservoir on 13th (the female remained until the end of the year) a Honey Buzzard passed Roskestal and a Red-backed Shrike was at Cam Brea. Sennen Cove held a Black Guillemot on 14th, and Porthgwarra a Hoopoe on 15th. The following day a Pectoral Sandpiper was at Drift Reservoir and five Ruffs at Crowdy Reservior, and six Black Terns passed through the Hayle Estuary. Winds had been from the southwest but they moved to the southeast on 17th when a Corn Crake was seen at Pentire Point West, a Hoopoe at Porthcurno and one hundred Siskins at Nanjizal.

Three Spoonbills visited Walmsley sanctuary for half an hour on 18th before they flew south to the

9 Hayle Estuary. A Black Guillemot was in Carbis Bay on 19th, the latest Sedge Warbler of the year was at Porthgwarra and there were twenty-four Stonechats at Porthgwarra and a Red-breasted Flycatcher at Nanquidno. Nanquidno also had eighty European Robins the next day, one hundred and fifty Common Shelducks were counted at Ruan Lanihorne and five hundred and fifty-eight Greenfinches at Porthgwarra, and there was a Wryneck at Trewellard, a Chough at Mullion and a Dusky Warbler at St Levan. The last sightings of both Hobby and Yellow Wagtail took place at Nanjizal on 20th. A first calendar male Ring-necked Duck was at Loe Pool on 21st, the third of this species during the month. On 22nd there were eighty-five European Robins at Porthgwarra and twenty-two Black Redstarts at Sennen.

A third Corn Crake of the year was seen at Rame Head on 23rd, a Barred Warbler was at Nanquidno and the last Common Whitethroat of the year was at St Levan. On 24th an American Golden Plover was found at Men-an-Tol, eleven hundred were counted passing Pendeen Watch, the last Pied Flycatchers of the year were in Cot Valley and at Drift Reservoir, and the last Alba Wagtail of the year was reported at Pendeen. The final sighting of a Spotted Flycatcher was at Drift Reservoir on 25th. Nanquidno had an Arctic Warbler on 26th, and on 27th Porthgwarra had a Spoonbill and a count of one thousand two hundred and seventy-eight Chaffinches. There were forty-two Blackbirds at Porthgwarra on 28th, and a Rosy Starling at Tregadillet. On 29th a Quail was found at Soap Cove and a Rosy Starling at Land's End, and the last Osprey of the year passed over Nanjizal.

NOVEMBER Good numbers of late migrants arrived in the county during the month when there were periods of settled weather. An American Golden Plover was found at Crowdy Reservoir on the first day of the month and there were one hundred Little Egrets on the Lynher Estuary, one hundred and forty-two Avocets on the Upper Tamar Estuary, three thousand five hundred European Golden Plovers at Crowdy Reservoir, three thousand nine hundred and forty-one Black-headed Gulls at Millbrook Lake, one hundred Song Thrushes at Nanjizal, forty-two Common Crossbills at Crowdy Reservoir and the last Reed Warbler of the year at Marazion Marsh. There was a Barred Warbler at Polgigga on 2nd and the autumnal feel continued with reports of one thousand four hundred and eighty-eight Stock Doves, eleven thousand five hundred and thirty-two Wood Pigeons and sixty-four Bramblings at Porthgwarra. Seven Water Rails were at Nanjizal on 4th and forty Long-tailed Tits at Chyuerton. On 6th a Long-eared Owl flew over Nanjizal, on 7th fifteen thousand Kittiwakes flew past Cape Cornwall and on 8th thirty-four Little Auks flew past St Ives Island on strong winds. Eleven Little Gulls passed Gwennap Head on 9th and there was also a Serin at Porthgwarra.

A Barred Warbler was found at Sennen on 10th, and three Richard's Pipits were found at St Levan. Four Short-eared Owls were at Men-an Tol on 11th, two Dartford Warblers at Porthgwarra and two Serins at Arden-Sawah. The final sighting of Northern Wheatear was in Sennen Cove on 13th. There were one thousand Fieldfares at Holmbush on 14th. On 15th there were twenty Spotted Redshanks at Tresillian River and Cornwall's second Paddyfield Warbler was found in Cot Valley, and on 16th six hundred Redwings were at Holmbush and a Dusky Warbler arrived at Brew for a long stay. A Barred Warbler was at Carnyorth, this year's fifth late record of this infrequent visitor to Cornwall, and two hundred thousand Common Starlings were at Crowdy Reservoir on 17th, the last House Martin of the year was at Lamorna Cove on 18th and a Green-winged Teal was found at Marazion Marsh on 19th. A count of seven thousand Black-headed Gulls was made on the Camel Estuary on 21st and twenty-two Brent Geese were on the Camel Estuary on 22nd. An American Wigeon appeared on the Hayle Estuary on 23rd, and a Richard's Pipit joined the very elusive Dusky Warbler at Brew. A large count of fifty-three Common Ravens was made at Park Clay Pits on 24th,

10 and there was a Great Bittern at Par Beach Pool and forty Common Greenshanks at Kingsmill Lake. The last Sandwich Tern of the year was at Porthpean on 27th

DECEMBER Winds were predominately from the east or southeast, with cold snaps, and there were good arrivals of birds escaping the cold weather to the east. Chiffchaffs were in short supply. On 1st a Great Bittern was at Drift Reservoir, four hundred and fifty-eight Canada Geese at Siblyback Reservoir, one hundred and forty-four Common Shelducks on the Upper Tamar Estuary and two hundred and eighty-two on St Johns Lake, fourteen Northern Pintails on the Lynher Estuary and a female Ring- necked Duck joined the male at Loe Pool where there were also one hundred and forty-seven Tufted Ducks and two hundred and thirty-four Common Coots. Last year's returning Great Bitterns were relocated at Loe Pool and Marazion Marsh on 2nd. Two thousand one hundred and ninety-two Northern Lapwings were counted on the Camel Estuary on 8th, and on 9th one hundred and fifty- five Common Shelducks were on the Lynher Estuary.

On 10th a Hawfinch was found at Trengwainton, and on 11th four Cattle Egrets began a long stay on The Lizard. That day saw the only four-figure count of Eurasian Wigeons when there were one thousand on the Hayle Estuary, and a Red Kite also flew over Hayle. Thirteen Common Eiders were at Porthluney on 12th, there was a Surf Scoter in Par Bay and forty-two Ruddy Turnstones on Marazion Beach. The latest report of Willow Warbler during the year was at Par Beach Pool on 13th when there were one hundred and twenty five Common Pochards on Loe Pool. The following day four Bean Geese were found at Colliford Reservoir, eighteen Common Goldeneye at Turnaware Point and three hundred Pied Wagtails at Par. A Rough-legged Buzzard was also located at Cot Valley at the start of a long stay in West Cornwall.

Three Bean Geese were found at Colliford Lake on 15th. The Carrick Roads contained thirty-three Black-necked Grebes and six Velvet Scoters on 16th when there was a count of four hundred and twenty-eight Common Snipe at Maer Lake, and there were six Jack Snipes at Nanjizal where a Black Kite flew over. Twenty-four Coal Tits were at Crowdy Reservoir on 17th and a late Barn Swallow was at St Austell Sewage Works. A Bonaparte's Gull commenced a long stay at Millbrook Lake on 19th and six hundred and five Common Teals were at Maer Lake on 21st. In a poor year for the species a maximum count of fourteen Gadwalls was made at Loe Pool on 22nd, and there were five Hen Harriers at Men-an-Tol. A Great Bittern appeared at Labour-in-Vain on 23rd, there were two thousand seven hundred and eighty European Golden Plovers at Maer Lake, a Hume's Leaf Warbler was at Porthgwarra and seventy-six Reed Buntings were at Colliford Reservoir. One hundred and fourteen Sanderlings were on Long Rock Beach on 27th, and thirty-eight Northern Shovellers at Maer Lake. The year ended with one thousand Common Teals on the Hayle Estuary and fifty-four Great Cormorants at Loe Pool.

11 EDITORIAL

I will start with the most important part of this editorial, which is to thank everyone who helped with the production of this report.

Thank you also to everyone who submitted reports and records. Whilst we are delighted to receive them all, we are not able to respond in writing and make specific comments on them for the simple reason of time. The collation of records and the production of the report have grown into a huge task over the years and the Recorder and I hope that this is an acceptable way to say 'thank you' to all who submitted information.

We received reports on most of the more rare species, although some chasing was necessary and the list of "Reports for which details are still required" remains too long. Please keep submitting those records, and please remember that the Records Committee have to base their decisions on the information submitted. If important identification features are not mentioned, the Committee are not able to assume that they have been seen.

Please ensure that Ordnance Survey map grid references are provided for less well-known sites (e.g. farm names, and 'local' names for sites or parts of larger sites) if they are not already included in the Gazetteer.

The number of tables, headed 'Approximate monthly totals' and showing the maximum number of birds recorded on the county mainland during each month, was increased last year and has continued at a similar level this year. The purpose is to illustrate the spread of records throughout the year and, whilst coverage will vary, the basis of recording the information will remain fairly constant and the tables should provide an indication of changes in numbers over the years.

Please split distinctive races of species (e.g. Brent Geese and White-fronted Geese) when submitting records.

Finally, I would like to end with the annual editor's plea. Please ensure that your records for the year 2002 are sent to the Recorder on or before the 31st January 2003.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS To: Everyone who submitted records to the County Recorder. To: Graham Hobin for WeBS count data. To: Steve Madge for providing details of Field & Natural History Club records. To: Mashuq Ahmad and Pete Fraser for providing details of sightings reported to Birding South West. To: Paul McCartney who provided a summary of the information received for the Cornish Bird Atlas, and to the people who provided him with that information. To: Mashuq Ahmad, Greg Conway, Pete Fraser, Steve Madge, Graham Sutton and Laurie Williams for their assessment of county rarity reports. To: All ringers who have provided details of their ringing activities. To: The photographers and video cameramen who allowed their pictures to be used in this report. To: Laurie Williams for proofreading the report. To: Pete Fraser for his assistance with the computer

12 SUBMISSION OF RECORDS

All records for the year 2002, including descriptions where appropriate, should, be submitted to the County Recorder by 31st January 2003 to guarantee inclusion in "Birds in Cornwall 2002".

The entry of records into the database is a huge task and needs to be spread over the whole year. If the submission of reports is left until the year-end, the result is late completion of the annual report. If you submit more than just a few records please submit them on a quarterly basis.

Please ensure that your name and address, together with the year to which the records apply, are shown clearly on the front page.

All records are of use. Whilst not every report is included in 'Birds of Cornwall', they are all entered in the Society's database where they are available for research. They will also be used to assist with the compilation of a Cornish Bird Atlas, a long-term project for which data will be required over several years.

Information required for county and national rarities is shown under "Rarities". All other records, to be of greatest value, should contain as much of the following information as possible:

Species - English name, new or old Date - 5.10, 5/10, or 5 Oct are all acceptable Location - as accurate as possible, using names appearing on the current 1:50,000 Ordnance Survey maps. Please include grid references for less well-known sites (if not already in Gazetteer) Number - individuals, pairs, singing males, etc. Age - adult, first cal (calendar year), second cal, etc. Sex - male or female Direction • (flying) N, S, E, W, NW, NE, etc.

All records are worthwhile, but those included in the following categories are particularly useful: <> First and last dates for summer migrants <> Scarce and rare species <> Counts of migrants (e.g. finches, wildfowl, gulls, thrushes, waders, seabirds, etc.) <> Breeding records (April to August, with six figure grid references e.g. SX123456) of singing males, or pairs, or nests, for the following species: Common Kestrel Green Woodpecker Cetti's Warbler Peregrine L. S. Woodpecker Sedge Warbler Grey Partridge Wood Lark Reed Warbler Common Quail Skylark Dartford Warbler Moorhen Sand Martin Lesser Whitethroat Oystercatcher Tree Pipit Spotted Flycatcher Northern Lapwing Meadow Pipit Pied Flycatcher Common Snipe Grey Wagtail Willow Tit Common Curlew Dipper House Sparrow 'colonial' Seabirds Common Redstart Linnet Stock Dove Whinchat Common Redpoll Turtle Dove Common Stonechat Bullfinch

13 Barn Owl Northern Wheatear Yellowhammer Little Owl Song Thrush Cirl Bunting European Nightjar Mistle Thrush Reed Bunting Common Kingfisher Grasshopper Warbler Corn Bunting

Winter records (November to February including a six figure grid reference) of flocks of the following species: European Golden Plover Fieldfare Yellowhammer Northern Lapwing Redwing Cirl Bunting Barn Owl (individuals) House Sparrow Reed Bunting Woodlark Goldfinch Corn Bunting Skylark (flocks over 50) Linnet

Roost Records (all year including a six figure grid reference) for the species and groups listed below: Great Cormorant All Gulls (200 + birds) All Corvids All Terns Common Starling Hen Harrier Sand Martin All Finches Merlin Barn Swallow All Buntings All Waders Pied Wagtail

Guidelines for submission of computer generated records Records should ideally be submitted to the Recorder on a 'comma-separated variable' (.CSV) file which can easily be made using most proprietary spreadsheet packages. Files with the same format, with the text (.TXT) suffix, can also be made using the same packages (e.g. MS Works, Excel). Word processed files are seldom any more use than hand written notes, although sometimes easier to read! Please send your file to the Recorder by post or (better) by email to: [email protected] Please do not: - forget to include a header record with the names of each column (e.g. species, site, etc.) - save your spreadsheet in its own format. The Recorder may not have the same spreadsheet as you, or may not have the same version. That is why the .CSV/.TXT format is so useful - it is easily read by other software. - include more than one year's records in one file.

Sample submission style: SPECIES,SITE,DATE,NO,AGE,AGENO,SEX,SEXNO,NOTES Purple Heron, Marazion Marsh,25/04/99,l,AD,l„,flew in from W at 1400 Whooper Swan, Long Rock Pool,02/03/99,4„„,1430 and 1530 Brent Goose, Marazion Beach,30/01/99,1,,,,,

WILDFOWL and WADER COUNTS The organising and collating of these important counts has, since November 2001, been the responsibility of Graham Hobin, Lower Drift Farmhouse, Drift, Buryas Bridge, Penzance, Cornwall, TR19 6AA: tel. no. 01736 362206. County volunteers are always required and anyone interested is asked to contact Dave at the above address.

14 SUBMISSION OF RARITY REPORTS

National Rarities Descriptions of national rarities should be sent to the County Recorder who will then forward them to the British Birds Rarities Committee (BBRC) for appraisal. These descriptions should follow the criteria listed below or can be submitted on special BBRC forms that are available from the County Recorder or the Secretary of the BBRC, Mr. M. J. Rogers, 2 Churchtown Cottages, Towednack, St Ives, Cornwall, TR26 3AZ. Please enclose copies of field notes and photographs, where possible.

County Rarities The identification of the majority of county rarities is quite easy for experienced observers and, consequently, the following list of 'Group A' species requiring a full description is relatively small. Many of the species requiring a full description in the past are now included in 'Group B'.

Descriptions are not required for sightings of 'Group B' species unless specifically requested by the County Recorder, and provided the bird or birds have been seen by three, experienced observers who are known to the Rarities Committee - the names of the observers should be included when details of sightings are submitted.

These arrangements have been introduced to eliminate the need for unnecessary descriptions of 'easy' rarities, without compromising the integrity of the county records.

Group A - Species requiring a full description Bean Goose Rough-legged Buzzard Richard's Pipit Surf Scoter Long-tailed Skua Tawny Pipit European Honey Buzzard Caspian Gull Twite Montagu's Harrier Kumlein's Gull Mealy Redpoll Northern Goshawk Roseate Tern Any unusual subspecies

Group R - Species not normally requiring a description, provided the bird(s) has been seen by at least three experienced observers who are known to the Rarities Committee - please submit names of observers with the record details. Purple Heron Ring-billed Gull Aquatic Warbler White Stork Western Yellow-legged Barred Warbler Pink-footed Goose Gull Icterine Warbler Snow Goose Sabine's Gull Melodious Warbler Green-winged Teal Long-eared Owl European Serin Ring-necked Duck European Bee-eater Red-breasted Flycatcher Corn Crake Short-toed Lark Woodchat Shrike Common Crane Horned Lark Red-billed Chough Kentish Plover Bluethroat L. S. Woodpecker Stone Curlew 'Scandinavian' Rock Pipit Common Rosefmch Temminck's Stint Water Pipit (away from Ortolan Bunting Pectoral Sandpiper Maer Lake and Walmsley Cirl Bunting Buff-breasted Sandpiper Sanctuary) Plus any uncommon races Red-necked Phalarope Rufous Nightingale

15 Criteria for national and county rarity descriptions All descriptions, no matter how brief, are of great value so do not be put off by the list below. This list is for guidance to show what information should ideally be included in a description. Always include as much information as possible; even the smallest or obvious features should be included as these are often invaluable when records are assessed. Make notes and sketches in the field, and before you refer to any textbooks.

Information to be included in a description * Species * Previous experience of species * Location * Experience of similar species * Date(s) (first and last if known) * Weather conditions * Time(s) * A brief summary of how the bird * Number was found and/or identified * Age and sex * Full details of plumage and bare parts * The finder and/or identifier * Calls * Duration of observation * Distinctive behaviour (whilst feeding, * Distance from bird(s) flying, etc.) * Optical aids used * Any other distinctive features * Species nearby for comparison

16 SYSTEMATIC LIST FOR 2001

Sightings are mainly listed in the alphabetical order of localities to facilitate easier reading of the report. All the records included in this report, together with many other sightings, are included in the Society's computerised records from which data can be extracted in alternative formats with relative ease.

The tables headed 'Approximate monthly totals' illustrate the maximum number of birds recorded on the county mainland during each month, after (as far as possible, and where possible) allowing for the movement of birds during the month.

A review of historical data has been undertaken for many species and, from this, the 'Approximate monthly totals (historic)' have been calculated. Whenever possible the figures have been adjusted to take account of birds wandering from site to site. In respect of BBRC rarities, only birds that have been reported to and accepted by the Rarities Committee have been included.

The 'Regular reports and maximum numbers' tables give maximum day counts at selected sites for each month.

The term ' first cal' is used as a shortened version of 'first calendar year' (i.e. a bird hatched in June of year one will enter its second calendar year on the following 1 st January) and the same use is made of 'second year' etc.

Abbreviations used within the report include the following:

BBRC - British Birds Rarities Committee BTO - British Trust for CP - Country Park Est. - Estuary Res. - Reservoir RSPB - Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sanc. - Sanctuary Tetrad - 2km x 2km grid square

The symbol ' - ' in various tables indicates that either no birds were present or that no count was received for that particular period.

References Penhallurick, R.D. The Birds of the Cornish Coast, Truro, 1969. Penhallurick, R.D. The Birds of Cornwall and the , Penzance, 1978. Cornwall Bird -watching and Preservation Society Reports 1931-2000 Caradon Field and Natural History Club Report 2001. British Birds Vol. 94. Birding World Vol. 14.

17 RED-THROATED DIVER - Gavia stellata Winter visitor and passage migrant. Distributed along the entire coastline but with concentrations of spring migrants regularly occurring along the north coast off headlands between Perranporth and Port Isaac, and off the south coast between Seaton and Downderry. Reports indicate a significant increase in the average size of flocks seen in the Trevose Head to Harlyn Bay area since 1987 (by comparison with the previous ten years), and a similar situation has occurred off Seaton since 1989. Numbers during the first quarter of the year were significantly higher than last year, but similar during the rest of the year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 71 82 19 6 1 2 1 - - 3 12 12 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Carrick Roads ------1 1 Gerrans Bay 1 ------1 - Hannafore - - 2 3 1 - - - - 1 - 1 Land's End/Sennen ------Mount's Bay 3 11 - - - - 1 - - - 1 - Newquay/Holywell - 5 1 ------Porthgwarra - - 1 1 - 1 - - - 1 1 - St Austell Bay 3 3 3 1 - 1 - - - - 1 2 St Ives Bay 4 2 ------1 - Trevose/Padstow 22 35 10 1 ------1 Whitsand Bay 34 14 1 ------1 6 Other reports include: Pendeen: One on 23rd Oct: One on 7th Nov. Pentewan: One on 11th Mar. Perranporth: Three on 29th Jan. Porthcurno: One on 2nd Jan. Portholland: One on 7th Jan. Portscatho: One on 7th Jan. Portwrinkle: Eleven on 22nd Feb. Rame: Singles on 17th Feb and 2nd and 17th Nov. Sennen Cove: One on 3rd Jan: Two on 5th Nov. St John's Lake: One on 20th Nov. Torpoint: One on 5th Dec.

BLACK-THROATED DIVER - Gavia arctica Winter visitor and passage migrant. Mainly a bird of the more sheltered south coast, with large gatherings regularly seen in Veryan Bay and Gerrans Bay. The latter form a significant proportion of the UK population. Larger flocks also occur in St. Austell Bay and Mount's Bay. The spring passage was not as high as last year when two hundred and seventy-eight were reported in March but were about average for the last ten years. They appear to be returning to Cornish Waters a little later in the winter - average numbers in the final quarters of the last five years have been much lower than during the previous five years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 48 129 72 27 13 2 1 - - - 20 27

18 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Falmouth Bay 10 1 - - - - - _ _ Gerrans Bay 19 43 28 7 - - - _ 11 Mount's Bay 12 12 2 1 - 1 1 _ Porthgwarra - 17 - 1 - _ 8 Rame 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 St. Austell Bay - - 5 14 5 1 2 2 St. Ives Bay 1 ------1 _ Veryan Bay 5 55 32 - 6 - - 11 4 Whitsand Bay - - 2 1 - - - - 1 The high counts in Gerrans and Veryan Bays were both on 18th Feb. Other reports include: Carrick Roads: Four on 7th Jan were possibly the Falmouth Bay birds. Kennack Sands: Two on 12th Apr. Land's End: One on 7th May: Two on 5th Nov. Newquay: One on 18th Nov. Pendeen: One on 5th Nov. Porthgwarra: Seventeen on 24th Feb: One on 20th Apr: Eight on 9th Dec. Portwrinkle: Two on 18th Mar. St John's Lake: One on 22nd Nov. Trevose Head: One on 13th May.

GREAT NORTHERN DIVER • Gavia immer Winter visitor and passage migrant This species is the most widespread of the divers, but they tend to be more solitary and rarely form more than small "rafts". Concerted survey work in the past has confirmed the significance of the stretch of coast from St. Austell Bay to the Helford River where, although thinly distributed, internationally important numbers have been located and large flocks pass through in spring. The forty-eight birds in St Austell Bay on 30th March is the highest number at that site to date and the highest in Cornwall. Numbers this year were a little below the average of recent years, particularly during the final quarter. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 107 73 94 66 69 13 4 1 2 15 35 28 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 3 2 2 _ 1 ______Carrick Roads 8 8 6 ______1 3 Gerran's Bay 8 8 2 13 ______5 Hannafore 6 1 10 2 2 1 _ _ 1 _ 3 Hayle Est. 4 3 _ 1 ______Mount's Bay 8 5 3 15 6 1 1 _ _ 3 2 Porthgwarra 1 6 2 1 2 2 _ _ 1 _ Rame Head 4 4 4 _ 7 _ _ 3 _ Sennen Cove 2 _ _ 2 1 1 1 St. Austell Bay 14 10 48 16 34 8 3 1 2 6 14 2 St Ives Bay 21 8 2 _ _ _ _ _ 2 5 2 St John's/Millbrook 6 2 2 4 2 1 _ Trevose Head - _ _ 3 1 1 3 Veryan Bay 2 - 5 _ _ 1 Whitsand Bay 6 6 4 8 9 1 _ - - 4

19 Other reports include: Carne Beach: Four on 27th Jan. Drift Res: Two on 18th Jan. Portwrinkle: Three on 22nd Feb.

PIED-BILLED GREBE - Podilymbus podiceps Rare vagrant. Upper Tamar Lake: One 8th Jan - 24th Feb SMC, BMP, DIJ. The county mainland total increases to c. 6 since 1992. Previous records have been at Argal Reservoir in 1992, Hayle Estuary and Loe Pool in 1996, Crowdy Reservoir and Nanjizal in 1998. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - 1 ------3 1

LITTLE GREBE - Tachybaptus ruficollis Scarce resident that occasionally breeds. Passage migrant and winter visitor. The number of birds recorded is always low in April to July but, whilst this will in part be due to some migration of birds out of the county, it probably also reflects the skulking nature of this species during the breeding season when other than single birds are rarely seen. Recorded numbers increased steadily in the 1990's and, whilst there has perhaps been some reduction in 2000 and 2001, numbers are still higher than during the early 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 135 112 80 12 14 9 24 72 111 98 119 115 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 13 9 8 4 8 - 8 8 9 3 '8 10 Colliford Res. - - 1 - 1 4 4 4 3 - - 1 Drift Res. 12 10 9 1 - 1 1 2 3 10 11 9 Harlyn Pools 5 1 5 - - - - - 1 - 3 1 Hayle Est. 14 11 6 ------4 8 6 Loe Pool 3 6 - - - - 2 10 30 18 4 12 Lynher Est. 3 2 4 ------1 2 Marazion Marsh 1 1 2 2 2 2 _ _ - 2 4 5 Millbrook 12 12 6 _ 1 _ 1 2 4 7 11 13 Par Beach Pool 3 3 3 1 _ _ 1 1 4 3 3 4 St. John's Lake 12 7 5 _ _ _ _ 1 3 2 7 8 Siblyback Res. 2 4 _ _ _ _ 1 6 8 8 10 6 Stithians Res. 13 26 10 4 _ - 22 32 22 20 18 Swanpool 3 3 7 _ _ 1 _ _ 5 _ 7 7 Tresillian River 7 8 - - - - - 4 6 6 8 _ Breeding was reported at Colliford Res, Stithians Res, Walmsley Sane, China Fleet Club Skinham, Chy Pond, and Loe Pool. Other reports include: Percuil: Eight on 10th Mar. Tresemple Pool: Seven on 14th Jan: Eight on 26th Oct.

20 GREAT CRESTED GREBE - Podiceps cristatus o Rare breeding resident, scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. There has been an increase in wintering birds during the latter part of the last decade, particularly on the Lynher Estuary where there have been flocks of forty plus during the last four years. This has resulted in average numbers for the last four years being significantly higher than during the previous five years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 61 56 40 26 26 26 27 25 43 52 62 63 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 2 2 7 1 ------Colliford Res. - 2 1 7 12 12 4 3 1 - - - Crowdy Res. - - 3 - - 3 7 9 - 1 1 - Loe Pool 1 1 - - - 2 1 1 1 - - - Lower Tamar Lake 2 2 - - - - - 1 2 - 3 4 Lynher Est. 14 9 10 4 - 4 2 1 35 42 33 32 St. Austell Bay 6 8 4 3 - - 3 - - 1 4 8 St. John's Lake 10 4 4 2 2 - - - - 3 13 11 Stithians Res. 2 6 8 6 12 4 8 6 1 1 - - Tamar Est. 9 4 1 3 - - - 1 1 3 5 4 Upper Tamar Lake 5 11 - - - - - 1 - 1 3 - Breeding reported at Crowdy Res and Upper Tamar Res. Other reports include: Colliford Res: Two nests built but no young. Tamar Est: Thirty-two from a boat trip around the estuary on 1 st Dec.

RED-NECKED GREBE - Podiceps grisegena Scarce winter visitor and passage migrant. The majority of wintering birds are seen on the south coast between St. Austell Bay and the Helford River. Although they are regularly encountered on the north coast at St Ives and Hayle, few birds were reported from that area this year. This is now the most rare of the grebes in Cornwall. There was some increase in numbers in the latter half of the 1990's, but lower levels have been seen since and 2001 saw the lowest numbers since 1985. Approximate monthlv totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8 4 2 1 - 1 - - - 2 2 1 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes _ _ _ _ _ 1 ______Carrick Roads 1 _ Gerrans Bay 1 1 ______1 _ Hayle Est 1 ______1 _ _ Helford River 1 _ Mount's Bay 1 Polhawn Cove 1 _ St. Austell Bay _ _ 1 1 _ _ St. Ives Bay 1 1 _ _ _ Veryan Bay 2 2 2 ______1 1

21 SLAVONIAN GREBE - Podiceps auritus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Largest parties occur along the south coast in Gerrans, Whitesand and St. Austell Bays, with smaller numbers regularly frequenting the Camel Estuary on the north coast. First quarter numbers during the last six years have been appreciably higher than during the earlier part of the 1990's. There has been a significant increase in the average size of flocks in St Austell Bay since 1997 and, although numbers were at a lower level this year they were still higher than during the earlier 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 36 61 45 12 - - - - - 2 11 28 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 7 6 8 ------1 2 Carrick Roads 3 1 ------4 Gerrans Bay 4 21 4 ------2 5 Helford River 3 - 1 ------Lynher Est 2 1 3 ------2 1 Mount's Bay 2 1 3 ------2 2 St. Austell Bay 3 9 14 7 - - - - - 3 4 St Ives Bay 1 2 ------1 - - Whitsand Bay 6 14 10 5 ------6 Veryan Bay ------1 4

BLACK-NECKED GREBE - Podiceps nigricollis Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. This species occurs mainly off the south coast between St. Austell Bay and Falmouth, but is more likely to be encountered on freshwater sites than the Slavonian Grebe. Numbers increased appreciably from 1995 onwards, doubtless reflecting a doubling of the UK breeding population over the last two decades of the 1900's. It used to be described as the most rare of the grebes in Cornwall, but numbers now far exceed the Red-necked Grebe population. The numbers recorded in February and December were the highest ever, but overall numbers were about average for the last few years. Approximate monthly totals Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 48 41 14 1 - - - 2 5 8 4 55 Reports include: Carrick Roads: The wintering flock peaked at thirty-one on 7th Jan, stood at twenty-five on 9th Feb and had reduced to five on 11th Mar. The first returning birds were six on 10th Oct and a maximum of thirty-three were reported on 9th and 16th Dec. Colliford Res: One on 8th Sep. Crowdy Res: One on 23rd Aug. Gerrans Bay: One on 13th and 27th Jan: Two on 16th Feb: One on 1st Dec and sixteen on 21st Dec. Hayle Estuary: One on 26th Aug to 6th Sep. Helford Passage: One on 23rd Dec. Loe Pool: One on 14th Jan: One on 14th Sep to 8th Dec, with two 21st Sep to 9th Oct. Lynher Estuary: Two at Antony on 4th Feb. One on 31st Mar. Millbrook Lake: Present 1st Jan to 14th Feb, with a maximum of five on 17th Jan: One on 1st and

22 25th Dec. Mount's Bay: Two on 15th Feb: One on 16th - 18th Mar: One on 24th Mar: One off Battery Rocks on 2nd Apr. Nanjizal: One on 30th Nov. Siblyback Res: One on 8th Sep. St Johns Lake: Present 5th Jan to 21st Mar with a maximum of ten on 9th Feb. One present 14th Nov to the year end but two on 30th Dec. Torpoint: Two on 27th Jan: One on 5th Dec.

NORTHERN FULMAR - Fulmarus glacialis Breeding resident and passage migrant. Most adults leave British waters to moult during September and October. This species first bred in Cornwall in 1944 and has subsequently colonised the entire coastline in significant and ever increasing numbers. Reports include: Constantine: 409 on 25th Mar. Newquay: 123 on 10th Jul and 306 on 11th Jul. Porthgwarra: 138 on 6th Jun and 360 on 13th Aug. Porthpean: 100 on 4th Feb. Stives: 156 on 7th Nov. Towan Head: 120 on 5th Apr and 620 on 6th Apr. Trevose Head: 168 on 20th Apr, 105 on 4th May, 132 on 17th May, 249 on 13th Sep, 102 on 15th Sep and 147 on 5th Dec.

CORY'S SHEARWATER - Calonectris diomedea Scarce pelagic visitor, mainly in mid-June to early September but with occasional years when large numbers are seen. Mainland records commenced in 1961 when the Rare Birds Committee accepted a record off Land's End. Small numbers of up to five in any one year were then seen, with several blank years, until 1980 when two thousand seven hundred and thirty-two were reported. Records have been annual since with regular reports from the main sea-watching points in the west of the county. Large numbers were recorded in 1993 (2,084), 1998 (4,910) and 1999 (4,116). However, years occur when few birds are reported and this was one of those years with only seventy-eight recorded. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 33 40 3 Cape Cornwall: Five on 11th Jul MTE: One on 18th Jul MTE: Three on 3rd Aug MTE: One on 5th Aug MTE. Carbis Bay: One close in sitting on sea 13th Sep. JDJ Pendeen Watch: Fifteen on 11th Jul PAF, DSF, KAW, BD: One on 14th Jul MWa: One on 19th Jul BSW: One on 6th Aug MWa: Two on 3rd Sep BSW. Porthgwarra: One on 15th Jun JL: One on 16th Jun JL: One on 8th Jul MWa: One on 10th Jul MWa, KAW, BKM: One on 15th Jul BSW: One on 16th Jul MWa, KAW: Five on 18th Jul MWa, KAW: Thirty-one on 4th Aug BD, KAW, BKM: Two on 6th Aug SMC, MWa: One on 14th Aug SML, MCH: One on 21st Aug MWa. Rame Head: One on 28th Jul EJW. The county mainland total is now c. 19,523 since 1964.

23 Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 4 6 287 2,533 9,979 6,698 10 3 2

GREAT SHEARWATER - Puffinus gravis Scarce pelagic visitor, mainly seen in mid-July to early September but with occasional years when large numbers are seen. The first mainland record was reported in 1958, with only occasional sightings in the following years to 1975 when one hundred and twenty-eight were reported. The first very large count was in 1991 when two thousand three hundred and twenty-six were reported, and the best ever year was in 1999 when two thousand eight hundred and twenty-five were reported. If one excludes the exceptional years of 1991 and 1999, the average number of birds seen between 1972 and 2000 is eighty-seven per annum. Thus, although comparing very unfavourably with 1999, numbers recorded in 2001 were only a little below average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 64 4 1 Cape Cornwall: One on 11th Jul MTE: Two on 2nd Jul MTE. Newquay: One on 6th Aug SMC. Pendeen Watch: Three on 13th Sep MWa, PAF, KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 9th Jul PAF, KAW: One on 10th Jul KAW: Thirty-nine on 4th Aug KAW, BKM: Five on 5th Aug BSW: Six on 6th Aug SMC, MWa: Five on 7th Aug MWa, BKM: Two on 8th Aug TSH: One on 13th Aug SML, MCH: One on 20th Aug SML, MCH: One on 23rd Aug SML, MCH: One on 1st Oct MWa. St Ives Island: One on 31st Aug SMC. Trevose Head: One on 6th Sep SMC. The county mainland total is now c.7,202 since 1948. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3 4 106 3,233 3,816 37 3

SOOTY SHEARWATER - Puffinus griseus Pelagic visitor, seen mainly mid- August to mid-September. There have been reports of a global decline of this widespread , and we are perhaps starting to see a reflection of this in the number of records seen in recent years. Average numbers since 1994 are significantly lower than were reported in the early 1990's and the 1980's, with this year's numbers being about the average for recent years.

Sooty & Balearic Shearwaters (Kester Wilson)

24 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - 1 - 8 112 82 226 19 3 _ Reports include: Cape Cornwall: Fourteen on 8th Sep. Pendeen Watch: 140 on 13th Sep. Porthgwarra: Sixteen on 20th Jul. St Ives Island: Fourteen on 31st Aug.

MANX SHEARWATER - Puffinus puffinus Summer visitor, mainly from late March to October. Numbers are increased by non-breeders in late summer. Feeding parties are seen offshore in summer, and a few are seen during winter months. Breeding at the last known mainland colony, at Kellan Head, is believed to have ceased in 1936. Numerous corpses have subsequently been recovered on a regular basis from north coast headlands where there are numerous rabbit burrows and an apparently suitable breeding habitat. Particularly high counts were recorded on a windy 13th September this year when forty-two thousand passed Bosigran, thirty-five thousand passed Pendeen Watch and twenty thousand passed St Ives Island, only just surpassing 11th July when thirty-two thousand passed Pendeen Watch and twenty thousand passed Cape Cornwall. Reports include: Bosigran: 42,000 on 13th Sep. Cape Cornwall: 20,000 on 11th Jul: 18,000 on 18th Jul. Pendeen Watch: 32,000 on 11th Jul: 20,000 on 14th Jul: 35,000 on 13th Sep. Pentire Point East: 4,000 on 13th Sep. Porthgwarra: 20,000 on 16th Jul: 16,000 on 20th Jul: 8,000 on 21st Jul. St Ives Island: 20,000 on 13th Sep. Trevose Head: 5,293 on 17th May: 14,097 on 16th Jul.

BALEARIC SHEARWATER - Puffinus yelkouan

Passage migrant, seen mainly in late July to late October. The number of records increased appreciably from 1993 onwards, but it is likely that this may result from increased observer awareness rather than an identifiable increase in birds off our shores. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4 - - - - 9 321 176 213 147 34 _ Reports include: Bass Point: Thirteen on 21st Jul. Cape Cornwall: Fourteen on 31st Oct. Pendeen Watch: Eleven on 7th Sep: Fourteen on 8th Sep: Thirty-five on 13th Sep: Fourteen on 3rd Oct: Fourteen on 9th Oct: Eighteen on 31st Oct. Porthgwarra: Twenty on 16th Jul: Eighty-five on 21st Jul: Fourteen on 22nd Jul: Eleven on 23rd Jul: Thirty-five on 4th Aug: Three on 7th Aug: Fourteen on 13th Aug: Thirteen on 14th Aug. Rame Head: Fifteen on 27th Jul. St Ives: Seventeen on 13th Sep. Trevose Head: Ten on 31 st Oct. There were an estimated 904 birds during the year, taking the county mainland total to c. 8,144 since 1971. 25 Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 38 5 6 6 33 153 987 2,788 2,491 1,366 206 65

EUROPEAN STORM-PETREL - Hydrobates pelagicus Common summer visitor, seen mainly May to September. This species normally remains well out to sea during daylight hours unless driven inshore by storms and, consequently, occasional sightings from the shore do not give an accurate indication of the number of birds present offshore. Evidence of breeding was last found in 1997 when two old eggs were discovered on The Brisons. Inland sightings are exceptionally rare. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 26th March 1986 at Porthgwarra, and the latest at Newquay on 23rd December 1989. This year the earliest was on 9th April at Land's End and the latest at Porthgwarra on 12th September. Whilst the record of one thousand three hundred and fifteen at Porthgwarra is a good count for recent years, it falls well short of the numbers seen following the severe south-west gales of 2nd September 1983 that resulted in ten thousand birds being reported at St Ives Island and eight thousand eight hundred at Pendeen Watch the following day. Reports include: Cape Cornwall: Thirty-five on 18th Jul Pendeen Watch: Fifty on 11th Jul. Pentire Point: Seventy-one ringed on 26th Jul: 112 ringed on 27th Jul. Porthgwarra: Forty-five on 9th Jul: Forty on 10th Jul: Seventy-nine on 11th Jul: Twenty-one on 20th Jul: Fifty on 21st Jul: 194 on 4th Aug: 130 on 5th Aug: 180 on 6th Aug: 300 on 7th Aug: 1,315 in 9 ? hours on 13th Aug: 120 on 14th Aug: 130 on 21st Aug.

LEACH'S STORM-PETREL - Oceanodroma leucorhoa Scarce passage migrant, mainly early September to early November. Rarely seen inland. A large number of birds were seen in 1974 when 510 were reported, 400 of which were off St Ives on 24th September. The next highest year was in 1952 when the species suffered heavily in severe gales ' - two hundred and ten were recorded, of which twenty-seven were dead birds. The average number of birds seen during the thirty years up to and including 2000 was seventy-one per annum, but six years of high numbers have a significant impact on that average. If those six years are excluded the average reduces to thirty-two, leaving this year's total of forty-seven in the mid- range of expectations. Cape Cornwall: One on 8th Oct MTE. Gribbin Head: One on 6th Oct SMC. Hannafore: One on 7th Oct DCg, SCM. Mousehole: Two on 7th Oct BSW. Pendeen Watch: One on 4th Sep BSW: One on 9th Sep BSW: Seven on 13th Sep PAF, MWa, KAW: Six on 14th Sep MWa: Seven on 15th Sep MWa: One on 16th Sep SFE: Two on 8th Oct TSH: One on 24th Oct SML, MCH. Penlee Point, Rame Head: One on 8th Oct KP. St Ives Island: Four on 13th Sep DCg, CM, EG, JHH: Nine on 16th Sep SGR: One on 8th Nov PAF. Trevose Head: One on 7th Sep SMC. The county mainland total advances to c. 2,676 since 1948. St Ives has had the largest number of reports. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 65 • 1 3 2 6 1 184 1,289 716 248 161

26 - Morus bassanus Present offshore throughout the year. Large numbers winter around our shores. Bred on Gulland Island, Padstow until 1478 but the nearest colony is now on Grassholm Island, Pembrokeshire. High winds resulted in large counts on 13th September at St Ives Island where ten thousand birds were reported, and at Porthgwarra where three thousand seven hundred and thirty were seen. Reports include: Carbis Bay: 1,000 on 2nd Jan. Pendeen Watch: 1,503 on 24th Oct: 1,209 on 26th Oct: 1,350 on 31st Oct: 1,550 on 7th Nov. Porthgwarra: 1,000 on 17th Jul: 1,110 on 13th Aug: 1,167 on 14th Aug: 2,052 on 16th Aug: 2,122 on 17th Aug: 3,730 on 13th Sep: 1,053 on 23rd Oct: 1,518 on 24th Oct: 1,362 on 6th Nov. St Ives Island: 10,000 on 13th Sep.

GREAT CORMORANT - Phalacrocorax carbo Resident. Breeds in low numbers on all coasts. Migrant and winter visitor. Occurs inland on reservoirs and other freshwater localities. This species is quite mobile during the non-breeding season, appearing anywhere where food is in good supply. Overall, numbers during the year were about average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 133 119 130 155 132 102 76 134 278 217 142 201 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argal Res. 2 ------1 Camel Est. 17 14 7 11 9 7 11 22 34 13 13 10 Carrick Roads 2 - 2 - - - - 3 12 - - 1 - Colliford Res. 6 4 11 4 6 8 9 8 8 - 7 14 Crowdy Res. - 1 1 - - - 5 5 1 4 4 4 Drift Res. 4 14 2 9 3 2 4 8 6 4 2 2 Hayle Est. 10 22 10 3 5 4 4 10 13 19 1 5 Loe Pool 16 18 - - - - - 23 16 53 - 54 Est. - - 54 62 75 37 - - 29 - - 33 Lynher Est. 13 1 2 4 2 9 2 5 15 3 5 8 Millbrook Lake 5 2 6 1 1 5 3 6 11 - 10 4 Mount's Bay 4 12 9 11 3 1 2 7 2 - 6 Par 5 6 1 4 - _ - - 1 - - - Porth Res. _ _ _ _ 3 _ 8 _ _ _ 7 2 Rame Head 7 4 _ _ 5 4 11 3 2 _ 6 1 Siblyback Res. 4 2 10 _ _ 3 10 13 11 11 5 4 Stithians Res. 5 3 4 _ 1 _ _ 5 6 3 2 4 Tamar Est. - Lower 10 _ _ _ _ _ 8 _ 26 39 15 18 Tamar Est. - Upper 2 3 3 1 1 _ _ _ 36 56 55 19 Tamar Lakes 8 7 _ _ _ _ _ 6 9 8 5 9 Trevose Head - _ _ 33 4 _ 12 15 - - Other reports include: Camel Est: An adult on 6th Nov had a blue darvic ring marked "HLI" on the right leg and a BTO ring on the left leg. Carbis Bay: Fifty on 1st Jan. College Res: Five on 1st Jan. Hell's Mouth: Twenty on 1st Jun. : Eleven on 1st Apr.

27 SHAG - Phalacrocorax aristotelis Widespread resident. Breeds in small colonies on all coasts. First year birds disperse widely. Large "rafts" are seen at favoured feeding sites in winter. Rarely seen inland. An unexceptional year. Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est 7 7 4 5 - - 3 61 5 11 26 2 Hannafore 70 - 60 39 36 18 - _ 149 _ _ 80 Mount's Bay - 10 3 3 17 - - _ 8 9 _ _ Rame Head 20 48 - - 28 41 41 23 102 68 16 St Austell Bay 4 7 3 2 - - - _ 3 . . 1 St Ives Bay 15 ------24 53 20 73 Trevose Head - - - 9 35 24 68 73 93 1 6 8 Other reports include: Falmouth Bay: One hundred on 1st Jan. Gribbin Head: Sixty on 6th Oct. Killigerran Head: Ninety-three on 17th Oct. Maenporth: 150 on 16th Feb. Newquay: Eighty on 10th Feb: Thirty-nine on 8th Oct. Pendeen Watch: Twenty-three on 26th Oct. Picklecombe: Forty-five on 7th Jan. Porthgwarra: Thirty-five on 5th Aug: Thirty-two on 10th Oct. Seaton: Fifty on 1st Feb. Sennen Cove: Forty-five on 12th Apr. Swanpool: 230 on 14th Jan. Towan Head: Twenty-two on 9th Feb.

GREAT BITTERN - Botaurus stellaris Occasional passage migrant and winter visitor, occurring mainly between late October and early March. Bude Marshes: One on 8th Jan SMC, BMP. Drift Res: One on 1st and 31st Dec GH. Labour-in-Vain: One flew west at 09.17 on 23rd Dec MJH. Loe Pool: One on 2nd Jan, 17th Feb, 24th Feb and 28th Feb was presumably last year's bird DE, RCL, RK, SFE, BKM. Marazion Marsh and Long Rock Pool: One on 5th, 7th and 30th Jan, 1st and 21st Feb, and 7th Mar was presumably last year's bird DSF, JDS, SFE. Par Beach Pool: One on 26th Nov to 23rd Dec RL, SMC. Ruan Lanihorne: One on 7th Feb DH. 2000: Walmsley Sane: One on 15th Nov SMC. The county mainland total is now c. 145 since 1930. Most records are at Marazion, and Par has also good numbers with several before 1980. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 48 31 9 1 - _ 1 1 5 4 18 26 *One undated.

28 NIGHT HERON - Nyticorax nyticorax Vagrant - mainly spring overshoots from continental Europe in spring. Church Cove, Lizard: An adult on 11th Apr MT. Croft Pascoe: A second cal on 29th Apr SFE. The mainland total is now c. 23 since 1946. Records are well spread around the county. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - 7 11 2 - 1 _ 1 - - _ *one undated

SQUACCO HERON - Ardeola ralloides Rare vagrant. Lamorna Cove: An adult on 25th May. In the absence of a description from the finder a videograb, taken by JC, was submitted to obtain acceptance of the record. The bird was surprisingly found sitting on rocks in the Cove, presumably resting after its arrival in Cornwall. It disappeared that evening. The mainland total is now c. 5 since 1981. Previous records were at Polbathic on 20th April - 27th May 1981, Bude on 10th April - 23rd May 1985, Towednack on 13th - 19th May 1992 and Drift Reservoir on 11th - 29th May 1994. Squacco Heron (Kester Wilson) Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ 2 3 ______

CATTLE EGRET - Bubulcus ibis Very rare vagrant. Gweek: Four on 11th Dec remained to the end of the year KH et al. This is the first multiple record for the county, presumably pushed west by continuous easterly winds. The county mainland record increases to c. 12 since 1980. Previous records were at Polgigga on 10th December 1980, Saltash on 13th December 1980, the Camel Estuary on 7th - 15th December 1981 but found dead on 27th December at St Mabyn, Looe on 5th - 8th December 1985, a dead bird at Luxulyan on 22nd November 1986, Sennen Cove on 29th December 1996, Kynance Cove on 13th - 15th June 1999 and at Mawgan Porth on 26th April 1999. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ _ 1 _ 1 _ _ _ _ 2 8

LITTLE EGRET - Egretta garzetta Scarce resident. Bred for the first time in 1997, and annually since 1999. Passage migrant and winter visitor. The level of winter records appears to be tapering off after the rapid expansion in the last half of the

29 1990's but late summer/autumn numbers continue to increase. The number of breeding pairs has increased dramatically during the last few years, with pairs now at more than one site. Nineteen chicks hatched at one site. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 96 144 110 73 42 49 242 291 417 364 273 129 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 34 27 34 19 7 2 71 80 79 71 35 7 Carrick Roads 4 4 4 1 - 1 3 10 42 21 7 4 Drift Res. 2 3 3 - 4 - 5 7 8 11 2 1 Fowey Est. - 3 2 - - - 6 - - 1 - - Gannel Est. 6 6 6 7 2 - 8 8 8 11 7 4 Hayle Est. 6 14 11 9 4 25 15 25 25 25 16 8 Helford River 1 1 - - - 4 29 - - 22 1 - Kingsmill Lake 2 8 6 3 2 - 7 43 49 32 25 13 Loe Pool ------6 - 1 17 - - Looe Est. 7 6 6 1 1 - 2 17 16 12 - 11 Lynher Est. 15 28 17 17 2 - 28 8 44 29 100 19 Marazion Marsh 1 3 2 3 4 - 1 5 17 6 6 2 Millbrook Lake 3 2 3 1 - - 7 43 49 32 25 13 Par - 1 1 1 - - 1 2 2 3 1 2 Rame Head - 1 1 3 4 - - - 17 - 5 6 St John's Lake 4 4 4 3 2 - 14 14 32 38 28 15 Tresillian River 1 1 - - - - - 1 5 8 1 - 5 28 3 4 8 16 23 10 18 9 - - Approximate monthly totals since the first 'modern' report in 1943: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1943 ------1 1 1944 1 1 ------1945 - 1948 none 1949 - - - - 1 ------1950- 1951 none 1952 - - 1 ------1953 - 1954 none 1955 - - - 5 - - - - - _ 1956- 1957 none 1958 _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ 1959 ______1 1 _ 1960- 1962 none 1963 ______1 _ _ _ _ _ 1964 none 1965 _ _ _ 1 ______1966- 1971 none 1972 _ _ _ 1 ______1973 - 1974 none 1975 _ _ 1 _ _ 1976 _ _ 2 1977- 1979 none 1980 _ _ 1 1 1 1981 1 1 1 1 1 1982 _ 1 1 1 1983 _ _ - 1 1 1984 - - - 1 _ _ 1 1 _ _ 30 1985 - - - 3 1 2 1 1 1 - _ 1986 - - - - - 1 - 1 2 - _ _ 1987 - - - 1 3 1 - 2 1 - _ _ 1988 - - - 4 4 - 1 1 - - _ _ 1989 - - - - - 1 2 31 13 6 4 7 1990 10 7 12 7 2 - 8 11 8 10 7 10 1991 11 11 7 5 2 - 2 34 25 24 17 24 1992 26 27 25 18 7 3 11 28 34 27 30 40 1993 46 48 33 23 11 5 19 146 159 140 99 65 1994 77 53 93 49 31 14 51 95 172 168 146 127 1995 88 144 97 98 27 21 56 179 252 264 222 131 1996 118 108 86 101 35 32 75 130 165 180 120 136 1997 107 80 121 91 13 34 116 173 155 136 78 107 1998 140 151 122 73 8 9 106 206 311 247 162 159 1999 124 150 182 52 35 19 151 217 291 206 118 125 2000 89 66 107 84 39 69 218 324 309 155 80 91 2001 96 144 110 73 42 49 242 291 417 364 273 129

GREAT WHITE EGRET - Egretta Alba Very rare vagrant. Stithians Res: An adult on 21st Jun SK. (Videograb in centre pages) The mainland total is now c. 11 since 1948. Previous records were at Loe Pool on 28th September - 3rd November 1948, at Godrevy Marsh on 29th May 1951, on the Fal Estuary on 23rd Jun - 24th July 1989, the Lynher Estuary on 30th March 1991, Argal Reservoir on 22nd October 1996, and individuals atNanjizal on 15th May 1998 and at Penberth on 21st October 1998, two at Hayle on 23rd September 2000 and one at Drift Reservoir on 2nd - 5th April 2000. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 1 2 2 - - 3 2 _ _

GREY HERON - Ardea cinerea Breeding resident, dispersing widely after breeding, and is also a passage migrant. Breeding was reported from the following heronries during 2001; figures represent number of occupied nests. Unfortunately, the foot and mouth disease restrictions meant that it was not possible to carry out the usual census of heronries.

2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 Bear Wood ? 3 2 - - 5 5 6 7 ? Borlase Wood, Philleigh - 4 4 5 3 3 7 6 Kea Wood, Malpas 7 8 7 9 9 6 7 5 9 Marazion Marsh 1 3 3 5 3 2 4 3 3 Newbridge, Callington ? 1 - - 1 1 6 3 5 7 Place Wood, Percuil River 2 1 2 1 7 6 7 5 Penpoll Creek, Fowey Est. ? - 4 - 4 2 4 2 1 7 Pill Farm, Feock 7 7 3 5 4 6 1 5 ? Pinkson Creek, Camel Est. 15 17 14 20 12 13 12 13 7 Polwheveral Creek, Helford 10 12 12 11 11 11 11 12 Restronguet Creek 7 5 5 7 4 5 4 2 1 7 Shillingham Creek, Lynher Est. 16 16 11 15 13 15 18 23 Trenant Wood, Looe 10 12 10 _8 _9 _8 _9 _7 _8 7 TOTAL 82 88 75 87 79 93 84 98

31 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 10 16 3 2 6 6 24 31 32 18 11 10 Colliford Res. 1 - - - - 1 1 1 1 - 1 3 Crowdy Res. ------2 8 1 2 - 1 Drift Res. 2 5 2 1 3 5 9 9 8 5 4 3 Gannel Est. ------2 5 4 5 _ 4 Hayle Est. 8 6 2 - 6 7 12 8 5 2 3 7 Loe Pool 9 7 ------_ 2 _ 7 Looe Est. 4 14 20 18 13 - - _ 4 6 _ 3 Lynher Est. 5 2 2 2 5 6 7 1 12 4 8 3 Marazion Marsh 5 9 5 11 2 12 - 10 12 2 3 4 Rame Head - - 1 2 1 - 1 _ 1 _ _ 5 Stithians Res. - - - - 1 - - 2 10 3 10 3 Tamar Est. - Lower 2 - - - 1 1 2 1 14 15 14 8 Tamar Est. - Upper 1 3 5 3 4 - - - 10 12 9 13 Tresillian/Truro River 6 10 - 17 17 - - 6 2 3 1 _

WHITE STORK - Ciconia ciconia Vagrant and espcapee. Copperhouse Creek, Hayle: One on 16 Mar PAR. The county mainland total advances to c. 22 since 1952. The Camel Estuary has had four records of five birds, and Marazion Marsh and St Mawgan have two records each. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 4 4 5 2 - 2 4 1 _

EURASIAN SPOONBILL - Platalea leucorodia Rare passage migrant that occasionally over-winters. Calstock: One on 14th Aug JH. Carnsew Pool, Hayle Estuary: Three first cal on 2nd Nov, presumably the Walmsley birds LPW, DSF. Loe Pool: One on 28th Aug SFE. Lynher Estuary: Last year's bird to 21st Feb and presumably the same returning bird from 12th Oct until the year end EJW. Maer Lake: Two second cal on 5th Jan GPS. Porthgwarra: A first cal on 27th Oct SMC. Thanckes Lake, Torpoint: One on 5th Feb presumed to be the Lynher bird. Walmsley Sanctuary: Three on 18th Oct for half an hour before they flew south AKA. The county mainland total is now c. 176 since 1935. Spoonbills have been reported in the county during every year since 1978, and increasingly so during that time. The Camel Estuary/Walmsley Sanctuary has had thirty-two records including ten at once in 1997. Hayle Estuary has had twenty- one records, Ruan Lanihorne has had twenty-five records (but none since 1993) and the Tamar/Lynher Estuaries have had twenty-five. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 5 11 11 16 14 6 3 17 48 19 15 *one undated

32 MUTE SWAN - Cygnus olor Breeding resident and winter visitor. Moulting herds in autumn After a period of decline in overall numbers during the 1970's and 1980's, there was a distinct improvement in the 1990's that peaked in 1996. Death by lead poisoning (through the ingestion of discarded lead fishing weights) is considered to have been a major factor in the decline, and the increase in numbers coincided with the use of alternative materials for the manufacture these items. However, the improvement then tailed-off and numbers were at lower levels by 2000. The trend appears to have reversed this year when overall numbers have been better than the previous two years. Numbers on the Camel Estuary increased appreciably from the 1980's into the 1990's but, conversely, numbers on St John's Lake were much higher in the late 1970's and early 1980's than in the 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 224 196 155 127 150 185 132 166 157 185 190 234 Regular reports & maximum numbers Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes 8 4 6 6 2 7 6 - 8 - 10 11 Camel Est. 47 25 27 30 52 60 60 66 25 37 39 43 Carrick Roads 15 27 15 - - 4 - 2 - 3 2 - Drift Res. 20 25 27 9 7 10 10 15 19 21 24 29 Fowey Est. - 20 ------15 - - Harlyn Bay/Pools 3 - 2 5 2 6 - 6 - - 6 8 Hayle Est. 27 20 27 32 25 23 10 12 6 15 27 24 Helford River - - - 4 - - 2 - - 2 - - Helston Boat Lake 4 4 - - 2 8 8 8 - 10 8 - Loe Pool ------18 25 17 5 5 Looe Est. 16 11 9 6 7 ------11 Lynher Est. 6 2 2 5 1 1 - - 6 11 8 6 Marazion Marsh 5 3 2 2 6 10 9 11 8 7 6 2 Millbrook Lake 5 4 8 8 14 17 14 8 11 13 13 8 Par 12 4 2 2 15 17 9 12 6 10 8 18 St John's Lake 8 5 2 2 - 3 4 4 16 4 5 7 Swanpool 13 - 2 - 4 5 - - 12 - 14 18 Tamar Est. - Upper - *------12 18 10 6 Torpoint/Saltash 25 26 17 ------32 Breeding was reported at Bake Lakes, Camel Estuary, Egoshayle, Froe Creek, Harlyn Ponds, Helston, Marazion Marsh, Millbrook Pond, Par Beach Pool, Polbrock, Polperro, Ruan Lanihorne, St Germans, Tresillian River, Wadebridge, Walmsley Sanctuary and Wilcove.

TUNDRA SWAN - Cygnus columbianus Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Annual from 1959 to 1999, but none in 2000 and 2001. None reported. There is no pattern to the records, with none in the last two years and numbers varying between twenty-three and one during the previous twenty-two years.

WHOOPER SWAN - Cygnus cygnus Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Annual between 1971 and 1999. There is no real pattern to the records since 1968, with numbers varying between none and thirty-two per annum and with no increasing or decreasing trends.

33 Camel Est: One on 26th - 27th May and 14th and 18th June. College Res: One on 1st - 28th Jan and 11th Feb was presumably last year's bird. Colliford Res: One on 10th Nov. Drift Res: Three on 4th Jan and two on 18th Jan: One on 21 st - 24th Mar was presumably the Hayle bird: One on 9th Nov. Hayle Est: Up to four on 3rd Jan - 8th Apr. An adult, a second cal and a four third cal on 1st Nov. Leedstown: Two on 25th Jan: Four on 17th and 22nd - 27th Feb were presumably the Hayle birds. Loe Pool: One on 11th Nov. St Just: Two flew over on 5th Feb, presumably some of the Hayle birds. Trewey Pond: Two on 7th Jan were presumably some of the Hayle birds. Wadebridge: One on 7th Jan. The county mainland total advances to c. 554 since 1930. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 113 22 14 2 1 - - - 2 91 188 121

PINK-FOOTED GOOSE - Anser brachyrhynchus Rare passage migrant and winter visitor. None reported. The county mainland total remains at c. 77 since 1930. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3 2 1 - 1 - - - 28 29 4 9

BEAN GOOSE - Anser fabalis Very rare vagrant. Colliford Res: Five of the race A. f. fabalis on 15th - 17th December SMC, DIJ, TSH. The county mainland total increases to c. 27 since 1931. The last record was of two birds at Sennen on 31st December 1991 - 8th January 1992. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 13 1 ------5 7 * one undated

WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE - Anser albifrons Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Cornwall receives visits from both the Eurasian race A. a. albifrons and the Greenland race A. a. flavirostris. Numbers fluctuate from year to year and this was one of the poor years. Approximate monthly totals - Eurasian albifrons race: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------3 Land's End: One on 16th - 18 Dec. Loe Pool: One on 18th Dec. Upper Tamar Lake: A first year on 30th Dec. Approximate monthly totals - Greenland flavirostris race: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 ------1 11

34 Bude Marshes: One on 20th - 31 Dec. Colliford Res: An adult on 31st Jan - 4th Mar, presumably the Siblyback bird. Dozmary Pond: An adult on 13th - 14th Jan, presumably the Siblyback bird. Maer Lake: A first cal on 1st - 16th Dec. Retallack: An adult on 17th Mar - 2nd Apr, presumably the Siblyback bird. Sconner Creek: One on 7th Jan. Siblyback Res: An adult on 6th and 18th Jan, presumably the bird reported on 20th Dec 2000. One on 17th Nov. Upper Tamar Lake: A first year on 2nd - 8th Dec: Nine on 16th Dec. Winnard's Perch: One on 20th May, presumably the Siblyback bird.

GREYLAG GOOSE - Anser Anser Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Many records undoubtedly relate to feral escapes. Annual since 1973. Whilst feral birds are breeding widely and in increasing numbers in many parts of England, this has not yet happened in the county. Many old records relate to a small number of feral birds moving around the county, making it difficult to identify genuinely wild birds, and the same situation continues today. Colliford Res: One on 5th Jun - 15th Jul. Drift Res: One on 12th - 13th May. Nanjizal: Two on 30th Apr - 5th May with one to 13th May. Sancreed: Two on 29th Apr. Siblyback Res: One on 6th - 18th Jan, with five on 13th Jan: One on 30th Jul: One on 1st Nov - 23rd Dec. Two apparently leucistic birds on 17th Dec. Upper Tamar Lake: One on 7th - 24th Feb: One on 4th - 9th Oct: One on 2nd - 8th Dec.

CANADA GOOSE - Branta canadensis Breeding resident. Some dispersal in winter. This species has undergone and is continuing to undergo a population explosion, with numbers trebling in the UK in the 20 years from 1976. County numbers have steadily increased although few are recorded in the western part of the county. At the present rate of increase it may not be long before numbers reach problem proportions (if they have not already done so in some areas of the county), as in some other parts of the country. In 1982 Mr. A. Hutchings advised that forty-two free-flying birds at Tredown Farm, Saltash (on the north side of the Lynher Estuary) came from four chicks he raised in 1964. Forty-two birds were reported in the Lyner Estuary flock in 1983, and the records show a steady increase to a peak of three hundred and nine birds in August 1997. It would seem, therefore, that today's Lynher flock most probably originated from four birds in 1964. The growth continues today with record numbers in all but one month in 2001, and record flock sizes at Colliford Reservoir, Tamar Lakes and Siblyback Reservoir. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,442 1,016 443 193 535 1,503 1,817 1,411 1,516 1,882 1.770 2.264 Regular reports & maximum numbers Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes - 23 24 7 20 26 - 5 2 _ _ 14 Camel Est. - 25 26 24 40 13 41 420 416 73 10 _ Colliford /Dozmary 630 606 269 33 379 1,209 1,242 509 89 _ 490 637

35 Crowdy Res. 17 34 - 11 - 37 283 219 25 230 212 158 Drift Res. - - 10 10 7 9 ------Lynher Est. 128 100 6 3 4 2 - - 202 38 110 120 Maer Lake/Bude 105 - - 4 - - - - - 2 87 354 Millbrook Lake 12 10 4 2 14 17 17 17 - 16 16 16 Siblyback Res. 350 67 33 - - 85 148 163 5 350 430 458 Stithians Res. 5 5 5 - 6 - - 5 5 - 2 - Tamar Est. - Upper ------13 60 - 60 Tamar Lakes 166 132 - - - - 65 9 727 984 413 447 Winnard's Perch - - 2 10 23 57 - 39 32 - - -

CANADA GOOSE X GREYLAG GOOSE HYBRID Bake Lake: One on 9th Mar and 22nd Apr: Three on 28th Dec. Camel Est: One on 29th Sep. Colliford Lake: One 31st Jan - 25th Feb: Three on 5th - 10th Jun, the Siblyback birds: Five on 16th Jun - 31st Jul: One on 1st, 15th and 29th Dec. Lynher Est: Five on 17th Jan were the Siblyback birds. Siblyback Res: Five on 6th and 8th Jan and two on 5th Jun: Three on 3rd Oct, one on 30th Oct and 1st Nov, two on 4th Nov, and four on 15th - 24th Nov and 9th - 23rd Dec. Winnard's Perch: One on 3rd Jun.

CANADA GOOSE X BARNACLE GOOSE HYBRID Colliford Res: One on 10th Jun - 21st Jul: One on 21st Dec. Dozmary Pool: One on 14th Jan and 8th Aug. Siblyback Res: One on 6th and 18th Jan, 5th Jun and 3rd Oct - 23rd Dec: A second bird on 24th Nov - 6th Dec.

CANADA GOOSE X BAR-HEADED GOOSE HYBRID Colliford Res: One on 17th Jan - 9th Feb.

BARNACLE GOOSE - Branta leucopsis Uncommon drift migrant. Winter visitor. Feral escapee. Many old records relate to a small number of feral birds moving around the county, making it difficult to identify genuinely wild birds, and the same situation continues today. Reports include: Camel Est: One on 26th Sep. Crowdy Res: One on 12th - 30th Jul. Colliford Res: Last year's bird recorded intermittently all year: Six on 6th and 21st Dec were presumably the Siblyback birds. Siblyback Res: One on 13th Jan and 3rd Oct was presumably the Colliford bird: Six on 24th Nov and 6th-31st Dec. Winnard's Perch: One on 3rd Jun.

BRENT GOOSE - Branta bernicla Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Both dark-bellied B.b.bernicla (Western Siberia) and pale-bellied B.b.hrota (Arctic Canada and Greenland) races occur. No regular wintering flocks exist despite increasing numbers of both races in recent years.

36 Birds of Pale - bellied B. b. hrota race - reports include: Camel Est: Twenty-two on 22nd Nov: Two on 4th Dec. Godrevy Point: Twenty on 20th Oct. Hayle Est: Nine on 2nd and 18th Jan: Eleven on 21st Jan: Singles on 22nd - 27th Jan: Seven on 8th Feb: Singles on 15th Feb, 11th and 25th Oct. Maer Lake: One on 1st Jan. Mount's Bay: Two on 7th - 10th Jan: One on 12th Jan: One on 31st Oct. St Austell Bay: One on 15th May: Two on 27th Sep. Sennen: One on 14th and 29th Oct. St John's Lake: Four on 18th - 20th Sep and one on 25th Sep. An adult on 11th - 14th Nov. Approximate monthly totals of Pale-bellied: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 14 7 - - 1 - - 6 23 23 2 Birds of Dark-bellied B. b. bernicla race - reports include: Calenick Creek: One on 22nd Jan was presumably the Malpas bird. Camel Est: Present intermittently on 3rd Jan - 9th Mar with maximum twelve on 19th Jan: One on 29th Oct and 15th- 19th Nov. Chy-an-Mor: One on 9th Jan was presumably the St Just Airfield bird. Downderry: One on 31st Jul. Drift Res: Two on 21st Jan. Godrevy Point: One on 15th Jan may have been one of the Hayle birds. Hannafore: One on 8th - 11th Dec with two on last day. Hayle Est: Present intermittently 1st Jan - 8th Feb with maximum eleven in Jan and four in Feb: Present intermittently 18th Oct - 11th Nov, with maximum six in Oct and two in Nov. Kynance Downs: Two flew over on 13th Dec. Land's End: One 15th - 31st Dec. Maer Lake: One on 10th Feb. Malpas: One on 17th Jan. Mount's Bay: One on 10th Jan, six on 12th Jan and one on 18th Jan: An adult on 22nd Oct and one on 9th Nov. These were presumably the wandering Hayle birds. Porth Res: One on 16th Jan. Rame Head: One on 10th Nov. St Austell Bay: One on 4th - 11th Jan with four on 12th Jan: Two on 20th Dec. St John's Lake: Two on 5th - 11th Jan with one on 17th Jan: One on 25th Sep: Two on 17th Nov and 15th Dec and one on 19th - 30th Dec. St Just Airfield: One on 5th Jan. Stithians Res: Two on 16th Jan. Torpoint: One on 11th Jan and two on 17th Nov. Truro: One on 20th and 24th Jan was presumably the Calenick Creek bird. Approximate monthly totals of Dark-bellied: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 44 11 1 - - - 1 - 1 7 8 9

EGYPTIAN GOOSE - Alopochen aegyptiacus Feral wanderer and escapee. This category "C" species occurs as a feral species in the UK, mainly in East Anglia, but with small populations elsewhere including East Devon. Camel Estuary: The bird first noted in 1987 was present throughout the year. The county mainland total remains at c. 13 since 1987.

37 Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ _ - - 1 1 2 5 1 2 1

COMMON SHELDUCK - Tadorna tadorna Resident. Breeds in low numbers on most of the main estuaries. Passage migrant. Winter visitor. This species is a common sight on most estuaries, with numbers normally increasing around the start of the year. After the breeding season the majority of birds move to regular moulting grounds, returning at the end of October. The nearest moulting site is Bridgwater Bay. Although 2001 saw an increase in the number of birds reported in January and February, by comparison with last year, numbers continue to run well below the levels seen in the 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,135 985 691 265 305 237 96 56 43 269 419 764 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 184 136 88 57 135 108 18 2 2 16 62 90 Hayle Est. 79 120 96 61 29 42 47 18 4 9 19 53 Lynher Est. 122 108 127 69 88 50 6 6 32 121 155 Millbrook Lake 62 31 27 4 4 24 13 1 - 15 4 Ruan Lanihorne 96 25 - - - - - 4 150 - 15 St John's Lake 300 140 141 40 - 2 4 1 10 94 282 Tamar Est - Upper 58 46 24 27 3 - - 16 32 78 144 Tresillian River 81 84 - - - - - 9 5 10 21 - Truro River 120 132 120 - 19 - 5 18 10 4 -

MANDARIN DUCK - Aix galericulata Rare visitor. Feral wanderer and escapee. A category "C" species. Most records are likely to be of escapes. Drift Res: One on 19th - 31st Aug and 9th - 10th Sep. East Looe River: Last year's male was present for another year, having first appeared in Jan 1999. Helston Boating Lake: Last year's male on 1st Jan - 16th Feb. Millbrook Lake: A male on 10th Mar. Seaton: A male at Seaton on 7th Jul and 13th Oct was presumably the East Looe River bird. The county mainland total is now c. 67 since 1973. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 2 9 5 5 - - 7 4 5 18 6 *one undated

EURASIAN WIGEON - Anas penelope Winter visitor. Passage migrant. Occurs in very large numbers in cold weather. Although flocks of between two and five thousand birds were seen on the Lynher Estuary between 1977 and 1982, the average size of the largest flocks in the 1990's was only seven hundred and fifty- seven. There was also a reduction on the Camel Estuary but, conversely, there was an increase in the average size of the largest flocks on the Hayle Estuary. This was a poor year with peak flock sizes at most sites at levels well below those seen in the 1990's, and considerably below the levels seen in the 1980's. One has to assume that this is the effect of mild winters with no long periods of severe weather to push wintering birds into the county.

38 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,924 1,484 574 10 - - - 25 385 1,142 1,598 2,322 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 210 120 72 9 - - 31 109 194 163 Colliford /Dozmary 15 8 8 - - _ _ 5 14 6 Drift Res. ------_ _ 11 5 35 28 Gannel Est. 30 - - - - - _ - 6 36 47 Hayle Est. 750 690 352 - - - 19 161 750 830 1,000 Kingsmill Lake 99 44 4 - - - _ 4 24 32 69 Lynher Est. 195 140 87 - - - _ _ 34 136 76 Maer Lake 74 38 3 - - _ _ 2 3 12 86 198 Ruan Lanihorne 130 180 - - - - _ _ 10 80 250 Siblyback Res. ------_ 1 _ 12 18 Stithians Res. 60 7 - - - - - 17 15 22 44 St Ives Bay - 200 ------10 35 _ 12 St John's Lake 150 50 ------100 60 102 300

AMERICAN WIGEON - Anas americana Rare vagrant. Hayle Estuary: A male on 23rd Nov - 31st Dec LPW et al. Although there was a wintering male that stayed at Hayle until 23rd March 2000, it did not reappear the following winter and it is assumed that this year's record is of a new bird. The county mainland total increases to c. 18, all since 1981. There have now been ten records at Hayle, four of them in 1981 when this species was first recorded in the county. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 1 - - - 6 4 5 1

GADWALL - Anas strepera

Winter visitor. Passage migrant. Although numbers fluctuate from year to year depending on the severity of winter weather, the species has become more regular since 1980. Numbers this year were well below the average for the previous ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 29 4 6 6 2 - 2 2 1 _ 11 32 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 7 1 - - - - _ _ _ 1 1 Colliford Res. 2 2 2 _ - - - _ _ _ 3 2 Loe Pool 10 - - - - - _ 1 _ 3 14 Marazion Marsh - _ - 2 2 - - 2 _ _ 1 2 Par Beach Pool 5 1 2 _ - _ _ _ _ 2 Siblyback Res. 2 - - - - - 1 - - 3 2 Other reports include: Kingsmill Lake: Seven on 20th Jan.

39 EURASIAN TEAL - Anas crecca

Abundant winter visitor. Passage migrant. Breeding has been confirmed only sporadically since 1975. Although better than last year, numbers this year were below average by comparison with the last ten years. The average size of the largest flocks has increased at most sites during the last twenty years, particularly at Maer Lake where they are now three/four times bigger than during the early 1980's. This year, Maer Lake had its largest ever flock when six hundred and five birds were seen on 21st December. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2,031 857 358 133 13 2 50 231 490 866 1,283 3,639 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 345 70 35 16 - - - 18 65 90 190 500 Colliford /Dozmary 250 137 27 15 10 2 22 31 82 - 231 477 Crowdy Res. 79 4 - 20 - - 4 14 22 15 79 98 Drift Res. 25 35 - - - - 20 21 40 145 36 34 Hayle Est. 300 87 14 - - - - 28 43 250 75 700 Kingsmill Lake 34 8 9 ------20 70 Loe Pool 26 4 - - - - - 47 124 122 - 201 Lynher Est. 230 176 26 ------13 122 284 Maer Lake 190 152 112 51 1 - 2 44 64 128 210 605 Marazion Marsh 42 20 21 6 2 - - 5 16 8 52 117 Mawgan Porth 45 72 39 ------Millbrook Lake 18 17 8 ------8 25 Par Beach Pool ------1 4 6 1 18 Siblyback Res. 5 - - - - 2 3 - 5 7 65 Skewjack - - 35 - - - - 3 3 - 40 180 Stithians Res. 240 - - - - 8 27 23 140 128 Tamar Lakes 10 - 25 - - - 5 - - 45 12 Truro River 60 36

GREEN-WINGED TEAL - Anas carolinensis Regular vagrant. Colliford Res: One on 31st Jan - 1st Mar and presumably the same bird on 10th Jun, 12th Jul and 29th Dec. Hayle Estuary: Last year's bird on 2nd Jan, and presumably the same returning bird on 9th Nov - 31st Dec. Loe Pool: Last year's bird on 1st Jan - 18th Feb: Presumably the same returning bird on 16th Oct - 31st Dec. Maer Lake: Last year's bird on 1st Jan - 3rd Apr. Marazion Marsh: One on 7th - 29th Mar DSF, DE, SK, SFE, SMC. One on 19th Nov and 14th Dec DSF. The county mainland total is c. 41 since 1962. There have been six records on Hayle Estuary, three on Marazion Marsh and four each on Lynher Estuary, Stithians Reservoir and Colliford Reservoir. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8 4 5 2 1 - - - - 4 9 8

40 - Anas platyrhynchos Abundant resident. Breeds. Passage migrant and winter visitor. Release for wildfowling purposes at many sites. Numbers during the last two years have been below the average for the 1990's. There has been a steady decline in maximum flock numbers on the Lynher and Tamar Estuaries, and on Crowdy and Colliford Reservoirs, since the mid-1980's. Conversely, November this year saw the largest numbers at Par during that same period. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,088 386 273 191 185 537 717 770 1,171 857 1,157 1,156 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes 10 4 5 11 11 3 6 1 13 - 7 5 Camel Est. 125 18 17 13 13 39 44 95 126 114 148 144 Colliford /Dozmary 70 39 23 10 31 45 113 65 44 34 40 Crowdy Res. 37 21 - - - - 11 36 15 32 57 40 Drift Res. 10 12 10 9 13 24 20 25 26 15 10 11 Hayle Est. 11 10 2 - - 2 17 26 22 41 3 4 Helston Boat Lake 41 17 - - 24 9 _ 1 _ 1 _ _ Loe Pool 57 10 - - - 123 193 168 278 101 104 54 Looe Est. 42 16 40 30 30 20 25 25 46 26 43 Lynher Est. 84 29 13 14 7 22 - - 100 123 81 85 Maer Lake 42 6 - - - 45 9 54 1 16 13 Marazion Marsh 21 5 10 20 4 20 6 - 15 12 27 36 Millbrook Lake 36 29 22 16 28 29 40 33 46 51 42 41 Par 35 45 62 25 - - - - 47 10 180 _ Porth Res. - - - - 1 - 158 _ _ _ _ 112 Seaton 30 ------60 90 _ _ 60 Siblyback Res. 27 17 - - - 24 71 72 96 36 38 45 Stithians Res - - 8 - 2 - - 37 32 42 46 54 St John's Lake 35 - - 6 - - - - 38 25 15 20 Tamar Est. - Upper 86 19 6 10 6 - - - 103 106 95 213 Tamar Lakes 12 15 - - - - - 11 11 9 46 40 Tresillian River 47 25 - - - - - 8 4 116 70 -

AMERICAN BLACK DUCK - Anas rubripes Rare vagrant Colliford Res: Last year's male (first seen on 17th Jan 1999) on 1st - 18th Jan and 28th Jan: A male on 5th - 10th Jun, 12th - 21st Jul and 1st - 5th Nov. Loe Pool: A male intermittently 8th Aug - 23rd Nov was presumably last year's bird. Stithians Res: Last year's male intermittently all year. 1999: Crowdy Reservoir: An imm/female on 24th - 30th Sep, possibly the Colliford bird JFB, PHA et al. The mainland total remains at c. 8 since 1984. Previous records are of one at Crowdy Reservoir in 1984, two at Walmsley Sanctuary and one at Stithians Reservoir in 1998, two at Colliford Reservoir and one at Hannafore in 1999, and one at Loe Pool in 2000. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 2 1 2

41 AMERICAN BLACK DUCK X MALLARD HYBRID Colliford Res: A male on 6th Jan, 1 st Mar and 1 Oth Nov -17th Dec, with two on 3rd and 17th Dec SMC. Par Beach Pool: A possible male on 23rd Jan and 27th May, and 30th Sep - 31st Dec SMC, RL.

NORTHERN PINTAIL - Anas acuta Scarce winter visitor and passage migrant Although higher numbers were recorded in 1996 and 1997 there has been an overall decline in numbers over the last ten years and there was a further drop in numbers this year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 16 3 7 1 1 - - - 7 12 12 25 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Hayle Est. 2 ------1 1 1 1 Lynher Est. 11 - 3 ------4 14

NORTHERN PINTAIL X MALLARD HYBRID Tresemple Pool: One on 14th Jan DE.

GARGANEY - Anas querquedula Scarce passage migrant (mainly spring) with numbers fluctuating from year to year. Has bred on at last six occasions including three successive years 1981-83. Numbers have fluctuated between two and forty-nine since 1968, but with no particular pattern to be seen in the records. The earliest bird during the past twenty-five years was at Hayle Kimbro Pool on 7th March 1982, and the latest at Mawgan Porth on 16th December 1994, but there was a later pair at Clowance Pool on 28th December 1973. This year the earliest bird was at Land's End on 9th April, and the latest on 11th September on the Hayle Estuary. Camel Estuary: A female on 28th Jun DIJ: A male on 18th Aug SMC. Croft Pascoe: A male and a female on 3rd May MT. Drift Reservoir: A male on 12th May BD, SK. Hayle Est: A male and a female on 16th - 17th May DSF, BD, SK. A male on 11th Sep LPW. Land's End: A male on 9th, 13th and 14th April KAW. Loe Pool: A male on 15th - 25th Sep SFE, SK, SMC. Maer Lake: A male on 10th - 22nd Apr GPS: Three males on 8th May GPS. Marazion Marsh: A group of nine on 12th Apr increased to eleven (seven males and four females) on 13th Apr, with the last being seen on 23rd Apr DSF, SMC, MWa, PAF, DE, BD, FHCK, FJH, DIJ: A male on 4th May DSF: Two on 26th May with one remaining to 5th Jun DSF. Nanjizal: A male on 14th - 16th Apr was different from the Land's End and Skewjack birds KAW: Five males on 18th Aug KAW. Par Beach Pool: Two on 23rd - 24th Apr with one remaining to 25th Apr BTC, SGR. Skewjack: A male on 14th - 16th Apr KAW. Stithians Res: A male on 10th May DCg: One on 10th Sep BSW. Walmsley Sane: A male on 5th - 7th Sep SMC. 2000: Skewjack: One on 4th - 7th Sep MDW. The county mainland total is now c. 889 since 1930.

42 Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 2 281 215 110 15 41 137 59 24 1 3

NORTHERN SHOVELER - Anas clypeata Winter visitor. Scarce passage migrant. Bred in 2000. Numbers were at a high level during the winters of 1995/6 and 1996/7, but had reduced by as much as seventy per cent by the year 2000. However, records of flock sizes at some of the regular sites indicate that this is not an abnormal situation as numbers have fluctuated significantly in the past. This year saw some improvement during the first part of the year, and numbers in December were the highest since 1996. Maer Lake had its largest ever flock on 28th December. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 51 34 31 17 - - 3 12 16 11 53 138 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 30 28 27 10 - - 1 2 2 7 18 25 Colliford Res. - - - _ _ 1 1 2 _ 3 1 Drift Res - - - _ _ _ 1 9 Hayle Est 9 - - - - _ _ 3 Loe Pool 3 - - - - - _ 9 10 4 20 18 Lynher Est ------_ 1 _ _ 9 Maer Lake 2 5 - - _ _ _ _ 2 38 Marazion Marsh 3 - - - _ _ _ _ _ 10 Par Beach Pool - - - 2 - - - - - 6 1

COMMON POCHARD - Aythya ferina Winter visitor and passage migrant. Numbers were better than last year, but still well below the average for the 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 249 205 49 9 1 - 1 2 10 52 187 240 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argal Res 4 - - - - _ _ 9 Bake Lakes 2 - 2 1 _ 5 1 14 Colliford/Dozmary 50 37 18 8 1 ,1 - 1 14 32 25 Drift Res. 2 2 3 - 1 17 1 _ Loe Pool 98 97 - - 7 14 105 125 Millbrook Pond 6 1 1 - _ _ _ 3 Par 7 7 - _ 1 _ 5 7 Siblyback Res. 45 25 4 _ - 1 33 39 St Andrews Pool 10 - - - _ _ 2 6 Stithians Res. 18 28 21 - 2 - 5 4

COMMON POCHARD X TUFTED DUCK HYBRID Dozmary Pool: A male on 1ST Jan - 8th Mar and 10th Nov - 29th Dec.

AYTHYA HYBRID Loe Pool: A Common Pochard type on 16th Feb, but with extensive white on head and a much browner body.

43 RING-NECKED DUCK - Aythya collaris Rare vagrant Drift Res: A male and a female on 13th Oct, with the female remaining until the end of the year DRu, REW et al. (photograph in centre pages) Loe Pool: A first cal male on 21st Oct was joined by a female on 1st Dec, with both remaining to the end of the year RCL et al. The mainland total is now c. 47 since 1979. This was the sixth record at Loe Pool, and the fifth at Drift Reservoir. Stithians Reservoir has had most records with twelve, six of which were present on 15th October 1979. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 1 2 7 - 1 - 2 4 13 3 3

TUFTED DUCK - Aythya fuligula Winter visitor and passage migrant. Occasionally breeds. Overall numbers were a little below average by comparison with the 1990's, but Loe Pool had its largest flock of the last twenty-five years and Stithians Reservoir had its second largest flock. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 318 335 177 68 35 24 72 86 175 111 310 413 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argal Res. 34 ------10 Colliford/Dozmary 33 30 35 14 14 12 41 47 62 - 50 42 Crowdy Res - 2 - - - - 1 2 2 3 9 2 Drift Res. 25 26 24 15 - 1 3 4 3 10 22 51 Helston Boat Lake 19 27 - - 2 3 7 4 9 8 7 10 Loe Pool 27 30 ------63 52 92 147 Marazion Marsh - - - 2 2 - - - - - 5 5 Millbrook Pond 1 2 2 2 ------1 4 Par 12 13 6 9 - 1 - - - 2 - 3 Siblyback Res. 60 37 18 - - 2 12 3 8 5 54 45 St Andrew's Pool 3 8 12 8 ------5 6 St Austell Bay 6 12 2 ------2 Stithians Res. 53 95 58 18 12 1 7 26 20 1 17 24 Swanpool 40 47 20 - - 1 - - - - 42 35 Trenance Lake 2 5 ------2 3 7

GREATER SCAUP - Aythya marlla Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Records over the past twenty-five years indicate that numbers follow no particular pattern, fluctuating from year to year with occasional large numbers being seen e.g. one hundred and one in January 1985 and sixty-one in January 1997. Overall numbers this year were about average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 9 1 1 7 3 1 1 1 3 6 6 Camel Est: A male 1st Jan - 3rd Feb: A female 9th Jan - 4th Feb: Four (two males) 16th May: A female on 17th Nov: A female on 19th Nov - 31st Dec. Carrick Roads: Two on 7th Jan. Dozmary Pool: A male on 31st Jan: A male and a female on 30th May - 2nd Jun with the male remaining to 3rd Jun. Kingsmill Lake: One 11th - 13th Jan: One on 28th Jan: One on 25th Feb. Loe Pool: A second cal male on 13th Jan - 24th Feb: A female on 23rd Nov 1st and 1st Dec, and two females on 14th Dec. Lynher Est: One on 1 st - 22nd Nov. Millbrook Lake: The female, first recorded in 1990, was present all year. Par Bay: A fern or first cal on 12th Dec. St John's Lake: Three females on 5th Jan - 16th Feb with two to 21st Feb: One on 11th Nov - 31st Dec. Stithians Res: A second cal female on 18th - 25th Feb: Two on 13th Oct.

COMMON EIDER - Somateria mollissima Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. A few summer. There are only eight documented reports pre-1900, and only eight records between 1931 and 1951, but the species has been annual since 1952. Records over the past twenty-five years indicate that numbers follow no particular pattern. Numbers fluctuate from year to year with occasional large increases being seen e.g. sixty-eight in January 1996 and fifty-four in January 1989. Numbers this year were better than for the previous four years, but well below the numbers seen in 1994 and 1996. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 4 8 2 17 14 3 - 5 9 13 30 Camel Est: A female on 22nd Feb: Two females on 22nd Oct: Three on 4th Nov: A male on 11th Nov. Carrick Roads: Two males on 7th Jan and one on 16th Jan and 7th Feb: Five males on 11th Mar: Seven on 16th Dec and nine on 22nd Dec. Looe/Seaton/Downderry: A second cal male intermittently from 9th Feb - 29th Jun: Four males and two females on 22nd May Mount's Bay: A male on 22nd Oct. Newquay: A male on 27th Dec. Porthluney: Thirteen on 12th Dec. Rame Head: Six males on 25th May, four on 30th Jun and one on 27th Jul: Three males on 18th Dec with one to the end of the year. St Austell Bay: Two males on 6th - 23rd Jan with one to 15th Apr: A female on 6th - 24th Mar: Five on 18th - 21st May and presumably the same five again on 15th and 29th Jun: Two males on 21st Jul: Five on 21st Sep and 4th - 26th Oct: Eight on 2nd Nov: A female on 23rd - 27th Nov: Three males on 16th Dec. St Ives Bay: A male on 3rd - 11th Oct: A male on 18th Nov. St John's Lake: Four males on 30th Jun. West Pentire: A male on 20th Nov and 10th Dec.

KING EIDER - Somateria spectabilis Very rare vagrant. Mount's Bay: A second cal male on 19th Sep DSF, CCB et al. New Polzeath/ Pentire Point/Rumps Point: A second cal male on 17th Aug - 12th Sep AMJD, FHCK, JP, SMC, BTC, AF, TSH, DIJ. (Videograb in centre pages) Newquay: A second cal male on 10th May SMC: A second cal male on 27th Aug BTC.

45 All records were assumed to be of the same bird, so the county mainland total increases to c. 3 since 1986. The first record was a female at Portscatho on 17th January to 16th March 1986, and the second was a second calendar female in Mount's Bay on 3rd January to 6th April 2000. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 ------1 - - - -

LONG-TAILED DUCK - Clangula hyemalis Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Occasionally encountered on freshwater sites. Drift Res: Last year's bird remained until 27th Feb: Two on 17th Nov - 13th Dec. Hayle Est: One on 9th - 15th Nov. Loe Pool: One on 17th Nov - 31st Dec. Mount's Bay: One on 2nd Nov. Par Bay: One on 20th Nov and 12th Dec. Pentire Point: One on 3rd Nov. Sennen Cove: One on 31st May- 9th Jun. St Ives: Two on 8th Nov. Trevorrian Pool: Two on 16th - 18th Dec with one until the year end. 2000: Trevose Head: One on 30th Sep. The county mainland total is c. 489 since 1930. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 55 40 78 17 5 3 1 1 2 57 116 114

COMMON SCOTER - Melanitta nigra Winter visitor. Passage migrant (mainly late June to mid-October). Some summer. There have been significant fluctuations in historic numbers caused by periodic visits of large flocks to our shores e.g. three hundred and sixty-seven were seen off Rame in July 1994, and four hundred and ten off Pendeen in November 1998. Overall numbers were a little below average this year, with only one largish flock of one hundred and seventeen at Porthgwarra in July. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 68 17 39 24 45 38 327 87 67 212 196 184 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Cape Cornwall ------14 - 2 88 - - Gerrans Bay 5 ------16 36 Mount's Bay 16 8 12 12 14 - 15 - - 1 13 25 Pendeen ------30 3 8 6 - 2 Porthgwarra - - - - - 15 117 26 - 12 - _ Rame Head 3 2 - - 14 - 35 3 2 2 21 3 St. Austell Bay 30 3 15 10 8 20 55 30 24 35 50 60 St. Ives Bay ------3 20 13 70 - Very an Bay 1 - 5 ------2 - Whitesand Bay 2 1 4 2 9 3 - 6 7 - - 14

46 Other reports include: Downderry: Thirty-five on 22nd Dec. Land's End: Thirty-six on 26th Jul. Newquay: Thirty on 8th Oct.

SURF SCOTER - Melanitta perspicillata Rare vagrant. Par Bay: A first cal on 12th - 14th Dec RL, SMC, BMP. The county mainland total increases to c. 10 since 1980. This is the third record for St Austell Bay, there having been an adult male at Porthpean in 1997 and a first calendar bird in 1998. All other sites have only one record, with the exception of St Ives Bay where there have been two records. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 2 1 - - - - 4 1 1

VELVET SCOTER - Melanitta fusca Rare passage migrant and winter visitor (mainly November to February). There were records every year between 1968 and 2000. Annual records fluctuated between one and twenty-seven, with an average of under ten per annum. Cape Cornwall: One on 9th Nov MTE. Carrick Roads: Two on 2nd Dec, with six on 16th Dec until the end of the year RL, DE, SMC, DE, GSG. Gerrans Bay: One on 20th Jan GSG: Two on 21st Dec GSG. Mount's Bay: One on 20th Nov - 15th Dec and then two on 16th - 31st Dec DSF, BD, JL, TSH, SGR. Pentewan: One on 22nd and 24th Dec SMC, DE. Rame Head: One on 3rd Nov EJW. St Austell Bay: Present from 4th Nov - 22nd Dec with maximum seven on 13th Dec RL, SMC. The county mainland total advances to c. 481 since 1930. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 60 91 27 16 2 - - 1 2 48 118 116

COMMON GOLDENEYE - Bucephala clangula Winter visitor and passage migrant. Numbers have been relatively stable during the last ten years, but records of maximum flock sizes on the Carrick Roads show that larger numbers were seen at that site during the late 1970's. Numbers this year were about average during the first quarter, but less than average during the last quarter when birds appeared to return a little later than usual. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 76 53 22 13 2 - 1 - - - 11 26 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argal Res. 11 3 ______1 Camel Est. 7 2 2 ______Carrick Roads 18 3 2 _ _ - - - - 8

47 Colliford /Dozmary 13 15 11 8 2 - - - - - 3 3 Drift Res. 1 4 1 - - - 1 - - - - 11 Loe Pool 2 3 ------1 5 Stithians Res. 10 16 6 4 ------4 4

SMEW - Mergellus albellus Scarce winter visitor and passage migrant. The records for the last twenty-five years show no particular pattern with numbers as high as twenty- eight in 1985 but with none during several years. Colliford Res: One on 9th Dec, presumably the Dozmary Pool bird SMC, BMP. Crowdy Res: One on 13th - 23rd Dec GDL, SMC, DIJ. Dozmary Pool: One on 6th Dec SMC. Siblyback Res: One on 13th Jan GDL. The county mainland total is c. 342 since 1947. This was a normal year, unlike 1991 when there were twenty and 1997 when there were twenty-seven records. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 165 95 21 2 1 1 - - - 2 13 42

RED-BREASTED MERGANSER - Mergus serrator Winter visitor and uncommon passage migrant. Rarely seen inland. The majority of birds occurring in the county are found in the Carrick Roads where they gather to roost off Turnaware Point. The maximum flock size in the Carrick Roads was eighty-two in the late 1970's but then reduced to lower levels: The flock size increased again in the 1990's and was in excess of eighty from 1997 to 2000. The county as a whole has also seen a steady increase in numbers during the 1990's. Numbers were low at the end of 2000 and this was reflected in well below average numbers in the first quarter of this year. However, although not in the main returning until November, numbers in the last quarter were better than last year but still below the levels seen in the late 1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 95 84 19 10 2 - - - 3 1 73 86 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 6 1 2 - - - - - 1 1 - - Carrick Roads 60 70 6 2 ------52 65 Hayle Est 1 1 1 - - - - - 2 - - 1 Kingsmill Lake 2 3 2 ------4 Lynher Est. 12 9 4 4 ------14 1 Millbrook Lake 5 ------3 6 Ruan Lanihorne 6 9 ------1 St. Johns Lake 2 - 2 ------3

GOOSANDER - Mergus merganser Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant, often found on reservoirs. Probably breeds annually on the Cornwall/Devon border. Numbers vary widely from year to year, January numbers between 1984 and 2000 fluctuating between four and three hundred and sixty-five.

48 This year numbers were below average in both the first and last quarters, the largest flock consisting of only eight birds. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 24 24 7 2 - - - - 2 10 11 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Argal Res. 2 2 - - ______Camel Est - - - _ _ 3 Colliford Res. - - 2 2 _ _ _ Crowdy Res. - - - - ______Drift Res: 4 4 2 - _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 Hayle Est - 1 - - _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ Loe Pool - 2 - ______2 Porth Res. - - ______4 Siblyback Res. 4 3 3 ------_ _ 1 Stithians Res. 5 3 - - ______Tamar Lakes 8 8 ------_ 6

RUDDY DUCK - Oxyura jamaicensis Scarce winter visitor. The first county record was at Stithians Reservoir where a female was present from 16th to 29th January 1977. Birds have been seen every year since with the exception of 1993. Bake Lakes: One on 30th Nov and 24th - 28th Dec EJW. Colliford Res: Two on 23rd Nov GRW, MW. Drift Res: A female on 21st Feb - 26th Mar BD, SMC, JL, DIJ, DSF. Loe Pool: A female on 2nd - 20th Feb BD, SMC, DIJ, RCL, RK, GRW, MW, SGR: A male and three females on 15th - 16th Sep with one to 25th Sep GRW, MW, SK, SFE, SMC. Par Beach Pool: Four on 22nd Sep RL. Siblyback Res: One on 3rd - 31st Dec SMC, EJW, RSn, GRW, MW, SGR. 2000: Crowdy Res: Two on 6th Oct SMC. The county mainland total is now c. 146 since 1977. This is the first report of this species at Bake Lakes, whereas there have been forty at Loe Pool. There have been eleven records at Siblyback Reservoir, ten at Drift Reservoir and at Par, eight at Colliford Reservoir and five at Crowdy Reservoir. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 45 18 2 - 1 - 2 - 24 22 22 10

EUROPEAN HONEY-BUZZARD - Pernis apivorus Rare passage migrant. Croft Pascoe: An adult male on 28th Jul SFE. Roskestal: An adult on 13th Oct MDW. The county mainland total advances to c. 107 since 1972. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 6 19 6 7 9 33 27 - _

49 BLACK KITE - Milvus migrans Rare vagrant - mainly spring overshoots. Brew, Sennen: An adult on 17th Dec, the same as Nanjizal MWa. Nanjizal: An adult on 16th Dec KAW. It is thought that this bird was first seen on the Isles of Scilly, visited the mainland and then returned to the Isles. An unusual record of an adult, leading to doubts concerning its origin. It is probable that only c. 14 birds have visited the county mainland. Singles were at Porthgwarra in 1975, Porthgwarra and Hayle in 1983, and one moved widely around the west of the county in 1989. One was at Buryas Bridge in 1990, a bird visited St Columb Minor in 1991, and another was at Marazion in 1991. Others were at Porthgwarra in 1993, Catchall near St Buryan in 1994, Land's End in 1995, Trevose Head and near Newbridge in 1996 and the Sancreed/Land's End/Nanjizal area in 1998. Last year there were reports at Nanjizal and Skewjack/Treen/Trethewey. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 8 - 1 - 2 1 - 1

RED KITE - Milvus milvus Rare passage migrant and winter visitor. Increasing records from reintroduction schemes. The possibility of successful breeding should not be discounted, especially in view of the success of the national reintroduction scheme and increasing numbers in the UK. Congdon's Shop, Bodmin Moor: One on 3rd Jun BTC. Fowey: A wing tagged bird on 23rd May DIJ. Hayle: One on 11th and 13th Dec DSF. Land's End: One on 25th May was presumably the Nanjizal bird BSW. : One on 23rd May SMC. Nanjizal: A second cal on 23rd May had a red wing tag bearing white numbers KAW: A first cal on 12th Dec KAW. Polgigga: One on 24th May was presumably the Nanjizal bird BKM. Sancreed: One on 4th Jun was presumably the Nanjizal bird JDS. St Buryan: One on 24th May was presumably the Nanjizal bird JL. 2000: Trebehor: One on 15th Oct MDW. The county mainland total is now c. 129 since 1966. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 6 19 8 15 6 5 2 9 25 14 10

BOOTED EAGLE - Hieraaetus pennatus 1999: The pale morph bird, which ranged widely around the Drift Reservoir area between 24th October and 11th November, was assigned to Category D on the British List.

EURASIAN MARSH HARRIER - Circus aeruginosus Rare passage migrant and winter visitor. Boswednack: A male on 17th Jul EGG. Camel Est: A female on 27th Jun DIJ.

50 Goonhilly Downs: A female on 5th and 12th May SFE. Land's End: One on 13th May was presumably the Nanjizal bird JDS, BKM. Marazion Marsh: A male on 20th - 21st Apr DSF: One on 24th and 26th Jun DSF. Nanjizal: A second cal on 13th May KAW: And adult male on 24th May KAW. St Buryan: A second cal on 20th Apr KAW: An immature/male on 24th May and one on 26th Jul JL. St Just to Pendeen: A female on 13th May BKM. 2000: Sennen: One on 29th Sep MDW. The county mainland total advances to c. 217 since 1930. Numbers have increased in recent years with an average of thirteen during the last seven years, whereas there was an average of less than five during the previous twenty years with no year having more than nine reports. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 3 16 32 53 8 6 22 35 26 4 6

HEN HARRIER - Circus cyaneus Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Forms communal roosts in winter. Most reports are received from West where there is a concentration of observers. There had been a significant reduction in records in recent years, emphasised by the decline in numbers at the old Tregonetha roost where nine birds were seen on 4th January 1991 but only one bird was seen in January 1999 and 2000. However, an increase in the number of reports appears to indicate an increase this year. The report of numbers at Men-an-Tol is encouraging. Last year members were invited to work out how many birds were involved in the sightings and to compare answers to see if any two agreed. If a consensus was reached, and if those involved can reach similar agreement this year, the editor would be interested to hear your conclusions! Bodmin Moor Colliford Res: One on 17th Nov. Crowdy Res: A female on 19th Jan: A male on 25th Oct: A female on 3rd Nov: A first cal male and a first cal female on 14th Nov: An adult male and an adult female on 17th Nov: An adult male on 8th Dec: One on 26th Dec. Siblyback Res: One on 13th Jan. Temple: A male on 3rd Apr: One on 8th Apr. Mid-Cornwall Moors Goss Moor: One on 6th Jan. Tregonetha Downs: Singles on 2nd Jan, 6th Jan, 12th Jan, 4th Feb and 18th Nov. Lizard Peninsula Croft Pascoe Pool: One on 6th, 7th and 9th May. Goonhilly Downs: A male on 6th, 7th and 12th May: A male on 9th Oct: Two males on 27th, Oct: A male on 10th Nov: A male on 30th Dec. Kynance Downs: A male on 29th May. Lizard Downs: A male on 8th Sep. Predannack Airfield: A male on 3rd Oct. Soap Cove: A female on 23rd Sep. West Penwith Bartinney Downs: Two on 15th Feb: One on 15th Nov. Boswarva Cam - West Lanyon Quoit: Two females on 11th Nov. Bosporthennis: A male on 18th Nov.

51 Bosullow Common: A male on 21st Jan: A male on 18th Nov: Two males on 14th Dec. Bosvenning Common: A female on 8th Dec. Boswens Common: Two females on 19th Dec. Boswednack: A male on 30th Jun. Cam Brea: Two males on 15th Feb. Catchall: An adult male on 23rd Dec: An adult female on 30th Dec. Crean: A male on 24th Dec. Crows-an-Wra: A female on 14th Dec. Drift Res: One on 12th Jul: Two on 1st Nov: Two on 1st Dec, 16th Dec and 31st Dec. Great Bosullow: A male on 20th Nov. Land's End: One on 17th Nov: One on 18th Dec. Lanyon Quoit: One on 9th Nov: Two males on 14th Nov: Male on 2nd Dec. Men-an-Tol: An adult male on 3rd Jun: Present 2nd Nov - 22nd Dec, with maximum five on 22nd Dec including three males. Nanjizal: Males on 9th, 26th and 27th Mar: One on 29th Apr: An adult male on 29th Oct and 2nd Nov: A male on 16th Dec: A first cal on 18th Dec. Porthgwarra: Single birds intermittently 25th Oct - 2nd Dec. Porthmeor Cove: One on 23rd Feb. Rospannel: A male on 19th Feb. Sancreed: A male on 14th Jan: Females on 11th and 18th Nov and 25th Dec. Sennen: Single birds intermittently 13th Nov - 9th Dec. Sheffield: One on 9th Dec. Skewjack: A first cal on 30th Dec. St Buryan: One on 20th Apr: One on 11th and 16th Dec. St Just Airfield: One on 24th Oct: Two on 26th Oct. St Levan: One on 21st and 22nd Oct. Trevilley, Sennen: A male on 23rd Feb. Trewey Common: Two on 4th Feb. Other reports Bursdon Moor: One on 27th Dec. Harlyn Bay: Three on 4th Feb. Upper Tamar Lake: A female on 2nd Feb.

MONTAGU'S HARRIER - Circus pygargus Rare passage migrant. Formerly a breeding species - last confirmed in 1979. As with all rare raptors it is important that plumage details are noted, the primary spacing on the open wing being an essential detail. A report that relies solely on the fact that a bird looked long winged and slim bodied is unlikely to be considered as proven. Land's End: An adult male on 13th May, the Nanjizal bird JDS et al. Nanjizal: An adult female on 12th May MDW: An adult male on 13th May was seen to fly towards Land's End KAW. The county mainland total is now c. 63 since 1979 when the last confirmed breeding took place. Montagu's Harrier (Kester Wilson) Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 11 34 5 1 4 6 1 _ _

52 HARRIER Sp. Newlyn Coombe: One on 14th May Triffle: One on 30th Apr. Winnard's Perch: One on 3rd Jun.

NORTHERN GOSHAWK - Accipter nisus Very rare visitor. Rame Head: A first cal female on 14th Aug RWG. Goshawk records, like records of all the rare British breeding birds, are very important from a conservation point of view. For that reason the Records Committee have to vet new records of this species very carefully. It has been suggested that they may breed in the county but, as adult Goshawks are largely sedentary, breeding sites would have been discovered before now if that were the case. There are breeding pairs in Devon, but numbers have not increased in that county in recent years (and only went up by a few pairs in the eighties) and they are not spreading in Devon. The species is not a long distance migrant, even in northern Europe where they have an extreme climate. Although first calendar year birds do not stay in the area of the nest past September, they do not seem to be appearing in Cornwall owing to the lack of reports of such birds over the years. Only small numbers of mainly first calendar year birds are seen at migration points in southern Sweden in late October and early November, and dispersing first year birds from British bred stock are the most likely origin of Cornish records. In the more southerly part of their range, including the UK, first year birds rarely disperse more than fifty kilometres. It seems reasonable to expect that most Cornish records will reflect this pattern in respect of both timing and age.

EURASIAN SPARROWHAWK - Accipter nisus Common and widespread breeding resident. Passage migrant. The number of reports received fluctuates greatly and it is assumed that most observers do not submit records of single sightings of this common raptor. There is an increase in numbers in autumn as a result of dispersal and migration. There were reports of birds from 119 localities, forty-nine more than last year. However, the number of birds reported did not increase proportionately with the number of localities where birds were seen. Reports include: Nanjizal: Four on 21st Oct.

COMMON BUZZARD - Buteo buteo Abundant breeding resident. Some dispersal. There were reports of birds at ninety-eight localities, ten more than last year. The number of birds. reported showed a larger increase than the number of localities from which birds were reported. Reports include: Crean: Thirty-two on 11th Apr. Crowdy Res: Eight on 17th Nov. Drift Res: Twelve on 5th Feb. Kerley Downs: Ten on 11th Mar. Lamelgate: Seven pairs on 1st Jun. Marazion: Fifteen on 29th Jan. Nanjizal: Eight on 24th Mar. 53 Porthgwarra: Ten on 22nd Sep. St Agnes: Eight on 22nd Sep. Trago Mills: Eight on 28th Sep.

ROUGH-LEGGED BUZZARD - Buteo lagopus Very rare vagrant. West Penwith: A first cal on 15th Dec to the end of the year MPS et al. (Videograb in centre pages) A first calendar year bird appeared in Cot Valley on 15th December, eventually settling down in the Catchall area where it remained to the year's end. Those who have maintained a Cornish list for many years consider this to be a long overdue bird as, although seen regularly on the east coast of the UK, it is a very rare visitor to the far southwest. Some of the records contained in early reports are inconclusive, and the Records Committee are carrying out a review of historic records to reassess them in the light of present-day knowledge.

OSPREY - Pandion haliaetus Scarce passage migrant. Caer Bran: One on 19th Oct BSW. Camel Est: Regular sightings of an adult on 1st - 25th Aug SMC: A first cal on 5th Aug BSW. Colliford Res: One on 11th Apr BSW One on 28th Aug RSN. Hayle Est: One on 16th Apr BSW: One on 2nd May DSF, LPW: An adult on 4th Sep LPW, DSF, SMC, JDJ: One on 24th - 25th Sep LPW: One on 18th Oct - 27th Oct FHCK, GSB, JDB, KC, SMC, WF, JNW, MKW, LPW. Kingsmill Lake: An adult on 2nd - 3rd Sep DCG, MB. Loe Pool: One on 4th Sep SK. Lynher Est: One on 28th Aug APR. Marazion Marsh: One on 16th Apr SFE. Millbrook Lake: One on 26th Sep AECA. Nanjizal: An adult on 4th Sep KAW: A first cal on 29th Oct KAW. North Cliffs, Reskajeage Downs: One on 6th May BSW. Rosecraddock: One on 26th May RMF. Rostowrack Downs: One on 22nd Aug DIJ. Ruan Lanihorne: One on 17th Oct GSG. Sennen: One on 12th May, presumably the Skewjack bird DE. Skewjack: One on 12th May flew towards Sennen SK. Treverven: One on 20th Apr KAW. 2000: St Levan: One on 20th Oct MDW. The number of records has increased substantially during the last fifty years, as shown by the summary of reports shown below. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1950 - 1959 - - - 1 1 1 - - 5 1 _ _ 1960- 1969 - - - 1 - - 2 6 8 _ _ 1970 - 1979 - - 1 4 5 - 3 13 16 3 _ _ 1980- 1989 - - 2 12 11 7 1 13 10 4 1 _ 1990 - 1999 - - 3 15 27 8 10 29 51 22 6 _ 2000 - - - 1 3 4 1 9 16 3 _ _ 2001 - - - 4 4 - - 5 6 4 _

54 Even allowing for the increase in the number of observers during the period, the impact of the burgeoning breeding population to the north is having a significant impact on the number of migrants passing through the county. Numbers seen this year were less than last year's exceptional total, but were near the average for the late 1990's. The county mainland total is now c. 366 since 1945. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 6 38 51 20 17 75 116 36 7 -

COMMON KESTREL - Falco tinnunculus Breeding resident and migrant. Reports were received of birds at one hundred and three localities, still substantially below the number of localities in 1997 when there were one hundred and fifty-nine. The increase in the number of birds reported was proportionately higher than the increase in the number of localities. No reports were of more than three birds, apart from the following: Nanquidno: Six on 24th Sep. New Polzeath: Six on 6th Sep. Porthgwarra: Four on 19th Oct.

RED-FOOTED FALCON - Falco vespertinus Rare vagrant Croft Pascoe: A second cal female on 3rd - 11th Jun SFE et al. (Videograb in centre pages) Goonhilly Downs: A second cal male on 24th Jun SFE. Predannack: A first cal on 8th Oct A&CDA, ASP. The mainland total is now c. 17 since 1970. There have now been six records at Croft Pascoe, and three have been seen elsewhere on The Lizard, the remaining eight being spread around the county. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 7 7 - - 1 2 _ _

MERLIN - Falco columbarius Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Records of this species are normally only of single birds, and it is important that details of all sightings are reported. Records for the past twenty years show no great variation in the number of reports, apart from there appearing to be a temporary increase in the number of migrants passing through the county in the mid-1990's. The overall number of wintering birds reported in the first quarter was about average for recent years, but the passage in October and November was higher than in recent times. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 11 7 6 1 - 1 - 10 31 28 13 All reports were of single birds apart from the following: Colliford Res: Two on 13th Jan DIJ. Goonhilly Downs: Two on 3rd Nov SFE. Lizard Point: Two on 13th Oct DRu. Nanjizal: Two on 12th and 19th Oct KAW.

55 Nanquidno: Two on 18th Oct IK. Porthgwarra: Two on 12th Oct and 2nd Nov SMC. Sennen: Two on 13th Nov MWa. Siblyback Res: Two on 18th Jan SMC.

EURASIAN HOBBY - Falco subbuteo Scarce passage migrant. Rare breeding species in east Cornwall. This species has occurred with increasing regularity throughout the county since 1975 (there was an average of less than six birds per annum during the 1970's) and this trend looks set to continue given the steady increase of the UK breeding population. This year saw the highest numbers reported to date. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 10th April 1988 at Dunmere, and the latest at Marazion Marsh on 15th November 2000. This year the earliest report was on 24th April at Callington and the latest at Nanjizal on 20th October. Reports were received from forty-three localities, five more than last year and mainly relating to birds on passage. Reports were, with only three exceptions, of single birds. There was one report of breeding in the county. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 3 21 17 10 11 7 6 _ _

PEREGRINE FALCON - Falco peregrinus Breeding resident and winter visitor. Records were received from one hundred and one localities, sixteen more than last year but still below the average for the 1990's. The number of birds reported increased proportionately Breeding reports:

2001 2000 Site 1 Two eggs failed. One young. Site 2 Male and female young. One male young. Site 3 No activity at site. Three young. Site 4 Two young. A male and a female. Site 5 Two male young. A male and a female. Site 6 Three young. One young. Site 7 One young. Two males and a female. Site 8 No activity at site. One male and two females. Site 9 Two male young. Two males and a female. Site 10 Two young. Did not breed. Site 11 Two young. - Site 12 Three young. - Site 13 Two young. - Site 14 Bred. - Site 15 One young. - Site 16 Two males and a female. -

56 RED-LEGGED PARTRIDGE - Alectoris rufa Uncommon breeding resident. Many hundreds of hand-reared birds were released for shooting purposes in the 1970's and 1980's, particularly in mid and east Cornwall. However, the breeding success of these feral birds was poor, doubtless owing to the impact of modern intensive farming practices - the 1983 report states that a former gamekeeper on the Tregothnan Estate advised that approximately three hundred birds were released in 1982 but that only two were found twelve months later - it is assumed that not all were shot! There has been an increase in the number of records this year with reports from twenty-eight sites including several from the Wadebridge area. This compares with only twelve reports last year, but the unknown factor is whether there was also an increase in the number of reared birds released during the year. Caerhays: One on 22nd Dec. Camel Est: Twenty-three at Tregenna Hill on 11th Nov: Three on the Camel Trail on 11th Dec. Carnanton: One on 28th Aug: One dead on road on 20th Sep. Cross Putty: One dead on road on 28th Aug. Deviock One on 21st Sep. Edmonton, Wadebridge: Two on 13th and 27th Apr: One on 19th Nov. Hal's Grave: One dead on road 22nd Nov. Halveor, St Columb: Fifteen on 31st Jan: Nineteen on 3rd Feb. Hellandbridge: One on 8th Jun. Hendra, Newquay: Two on 15th Sep. Little Halvear: Fifteen on 31st Jan. Nankelly: Two on 16th Jun. Narkurs: One on 20th Sep. Pawton Manor: Ten on 19th Jan: Thirty on 28th Sep. Pennard: Two on 5th May. Pentire Point: Nine including eight young on 20th Aug: Three on 3rd Nov. Redmoor: One on 6th Apr. Roseannon Two on 31 st May. St Columb: One on 27th Jan: Two on 11th Jul. St. Newlyn East: Two on 20th May: One on 4th Jun: One on 20th Dec. Tollgate, Wadebridge: One on 14th Mar and 1st Apr. Tregaswith: One on 25th Mar: Two on 9th May: One on 12th Nov. Tregunna: One on 8th Oct: Seven on 15th Nov. Trekenning: One dead on road on 28th Aug. Trewince St, Issey: Two on 23rd Feb. Trewirgie: Two on 16th Apr. Wadebridge: Eight on 15th Oct: One on 16th Oct: Eighteen on 3rd Dec. Whitecross, Wadebridge: Two on 8th Aug. 2000: Metherell: One on 13th Mar.

GREY PARTRIDGE - Perdix perdix Rare breeding resident. In 1944 there were "several coveys at St Eval", and they were "very plentiful at Tregorden" in 1946 when they were a common bird in many parts of the county. However, the Grey Partridge has been declining nationally for many years, this decrease accelerating since the 1980's owing to the impact of modern intensive farming practices. Figures produced by the Game Conservancy Trust indicate that the UK

57 population was over one million pairs before the First World War, had reduced to one hundred and forty- five thousand pairs at the start of the 1990's, and was only half that number by the end of the century. Reports were received of birds at twenty-seven sites in 1987, and at twenty-nine sites in 1991, but at only eight sites in 2000. There is certainly no pattern in the timing of sightings - they were seen in six months this year, but in five different months last year. Sightings of this species are now quite rare, and all should be reported. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 11 5 - - - 2 3 _ _ 3 _ Little Halveor, St Columb: Six on 31st Jan: Five on 3rd Feb DIJ, SMC. Herodsfoot: Five on 24th Mar SAP, AJP. Landulph Marsh: Three on 22nd Aug GDL. Lizard Village: Five on 3rd Feb PLS. Pentire Point One on 8th Jul PJMcV. Trekenning: One on 24th Feb DE. Trerulefoot: One on 2nd Jul SMC. Walmsley Sane: Three on 6th Nov SMC.

COMMON QUAIL - Coturnix coturnix Scarce passage migrant and summer visitor. Occasionally breeds and has over-wintered. Idless: One on 9th Jul DE. Penlee Point, Rame Head: One on 26th May GDL. Porthgwarra: One flew in from the sea and landed on the cliffs on 13th Jun JL. Tollgate, Wadebridge: One on 26th - 29th May DIJ, SMC. There is no pattern to annual numbers. The last blank year was 1974, following blank years in 1972 and 1969. Numbers since then have ranged between singles in 1985 and 1986 and fifty-nine in 1989. This was another quiet year with only four records. The county total is now c. 329 (plus 37 young) since 1931. The last confirmed breeding was in 1982. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - 1 5 95 119 56 26 19 4 2 _ * one undated

COMMON PHEASANT - Phasianus colchicus Breeding resident. Thousands released annually for sporting purposes.

WATER RAIL - Rallus aquaticus Resident that breeds in small numbers, passage migrant and winter visitor. It is difficult to estimate numbers of this secretive species, particularly during migration when there is a regular turnover of birds. The number of birds reported was below average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 22 18 8 1 - - 1 10 20 25 51 32 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bude Marshes 2 4 - - - - _ 2 _ 4 Harlyn Bay 2 ------3

58 Loe Pool 1 - - - - _ _ 3 7 5 4 2 Maer Lake 3 - - 1 - _ _ 3 3 2 2 2 Marazion Marsh 3 4 4 - _ _ 1 3 5 6 4 Nanjizal - - 1 - _ 1 3 7 Par Beach Pool 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 3 Walmsley Sane. 3 1 - - - - 2 1

SPOTTED CRAKE - Porzana porzana Rare passage migrant (mainly mid-August to late September) and rare winter visitor. Bred in 1860, 1862 and 1874. Marazion Marsh: Singles on 31st Aug and 7th and 12th Sep DSF, MWa. Nanjizal: One on 24th Sep KAW. The county mainland total advances to c. 149 since 1947. There have now been eighty-three records at Marazion Marsh. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 3 3 2 1 - 3 69 52 16 _ _

CORN CRAKE - Crex crex Rare migrant. Last bred in 1967 and has over-wintered. Nanjizal: A first cal on 12th Oct KAW. Penlee Point, Rame Head: One on 23rd Oct AECA. Pentire Point West: A first cal on 17th Oct SGR The mainland total is now c. 157 since 1932. This species was described as a common species in 1715, and was still breeding annually in the early 1900's, but there were only thirteen sightings in the 1990's and none Corn Crake (Kester Wilson) last year. However, it is understood that conservation work in the Western Isles has met with some success in recent years, and this may perhaps result in more frequent sightings in future. Certainly, there was a better number of records this autumn, all described as first calendar year birds and presumably heading south from northwest or . Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: .Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - 11 28 27 8 18 18 18 3 *twenty-five undated

MOORHEN - Gallinula chloropus Breeding resident, scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. After a period of apparent decline during the 1970's and 1980's, due mainly to habitat loss, a more enlightened attitude toward habitat conservation and creation in the 1990's enabled the Moorhen to regain some lost ground. However, numbers have been below average during the last two years, particularly during the first quarter.

59 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 109 113 98 52 43 48 37 145 132 107 149 102 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes 2 3 6 2 - 3 - 1 7 _ 4 6 Bude Marshes 33 22 - - - - - _ _ _ 22 - Camel Est. 11 11 - 3 6 5 2 13 16 27 6 4 Colliford Res. - - 1 3 5 4 14 1 _ _ - 3 College Res. ------_ _ _ _ _ Drift Res. 6 7 3 1 2 8 6 9 9 7 9 7 Harlyn Pool 1 - - 5 2 - - 17 - _ - - Helston Boat Lake 5 3 ------_ 6 - - Loe Pool - 2 - - - - - 31 34 12 27 - Maer Lake/Bude 33 33 26 27 9 10 14 20 20 24 27 28 Marazion Marsh 8 1 9 7 2 8 - 17 15 15 35 10 Mawgan Porth - 16 15 ------_ - - Millbrook Lake 6 7 4 1 2 - 1 3 3 4 5 6 Par Beach Pool 5 9 4 - - - - - 21 4 25 Porth Res. - - - - 10 - - - _ _ - - Stithians Res. - - - - 1 - - 5 _ _ - - Swanpool 9 - 13 ------Trenance Lake - 12 5 ------_ - 18 Tresillian River - 5 - - - - - 5 2 4 5 - Other reports include:

Trevella Pond: Twenty on 2nd Jan and 19th Dec.

COMMON COOT - Fulica atra Breeding resident, passage migrant and common winter visitor. Numbers were below average during the first seven months, but about average for the rest of the year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 462 308 166 42 57 109 206 395 532 254 455 475 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes 40 21 25 10 10 17 - 19 21 - 40 45 Camel Est. 24 11 - 7 9 4 - 3 1 2 6 12 College Res. 18 ------8 7 Colliford/Dozm 16 16 15 12 14 31 15 32 38 - 50 42 Drift Res. 10 9 8 1 - - 4 2 - 1 - 3 Helston Boat Lake 49 33 - - 8 6 - 9 13 22 28 38 Loe Pool 13 24 2 1 - - 48 113 189 215 229 234 Marazion Marsh 3 5 8 4 4 5 - - - 2 3 5 Par Beach Pool 27 14 12 7 - - 10 28 4 12 10 Porth Res. - _ - _ 2 - - - - - 4 7 Siblyback Res. 71 58 1 - - 4 36 69 80 6 5 29 Stithians Res. 103 61 27 9 102 129 156 2 1 Swanpool 58 38 62 - - 36 - - - _ 38 33 Trenance Lake 16 11 6 _ - - - - _ _ _ 7 Upper Tamar Lake 2 1 ------1 2

60 EURASIAN OYSTERCATCHER - Haematopus ostralegus

Resident, common passage migrant and winter visitor. Breeds in low numbers, mainly on the north coast. Although there are fluctuations from year to year, numbers appear to be reasonably stable. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 804 785 486 375 270 215 361 1,046 1,109 1,144 710 840 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 264 227 181 205 164 138 154 465 425 433 278 182 Carrick Roads 5 13 - - - - 42 _ 10 1 _ Downderry 12 20 30 10 - _ 14 17 12 _ _ _ Gannel Est. - - 1 - - - 2 _ 11 17 _ 6 Hayle Est. 55 42 21 16 17 5 43 51 58 55 40 42 Helford River 3 - 10 14 - - - _ 47 _ _ _ Lynher Est. 84 79 57 44 1 36 5 9 24 20 25 140 Maer Lake/Bude 46 33 - - - _ 127 _ _ Millbrook Lake 6 4 6 - 5 12 1 18 23 _ 4 3 Mount's Bay - 23 5 - 4 - - 156 9 20 _ _ Rame Head 26 27 - - - 5 12 _ 38 _ 42 9 Ruan Lanihorne 51 30 - - - - - _ 60 120 _ 30 St Austell Bay 60 70 40 12 15 - 30 _ 167 150 120 40 St John's Lake 40 40 - 30 - - 100 - 103 73 73 30 Tamar Est. - Upper ------14 47 21 25 136 Trevose Head - - - 20 26 - - 21 _ 42 _ _ Truro River 52 - 13 - - - 40 _ 60 _ Whitsand Bay 77 60 60 24 34 13 - 60 38 90 6 50 Other reports include: Newquay: Forty-four on 10th Feb. Trevellas Point: Thirty-nine on 30th Nov.

AVOCET - Recurvirostra avosetta Rare passage migrant and winter visitor. Records mainly involve the same birds moving around the Lynher and Tamar Estuaries. There were only three reports of birds in Cornwall prior to 1948, the year when there was a first sighting of the species (two birds) on the Tamar Estuary. Numbers gradually rose in the area until the latter part of 1986 when a count of one hundred was obtained, and then more than doubled by early 1991 when there was a maximum count of two hundred and fifty five. Numbers (judged by maximum flock sizes on the Tamar) have exceeded two hundred every year since, with maximum counts of three hundred and forty six in January 1996 and five hundred and ninety three in December 1997, until this year. Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Lynher Est. 105 94 - - - - _ _ _ _ 19 45 Tamar Est. - Upper 190 6 - - - - - 3 _ 142 134 Other reports include: Lynher Est: One was taken by a Peregrine at Wacker Quay on 6th Jan. St Clement: Three on 14th Jan. Tresemple Pool: One on 14th Nov.

61 Tresillian River: Up to three regularly 5th Jan - 21st Feb: One 11th - 15th Nov. 1999: Hannafore: One on 27th May (incorrectly included in 2000 report).

LITTLE RINGED PLOVER - Charadrius dubius Uncommon passage migrant. Annual numbers have fluctuated between three and twenty-seven since 1980, with an average of just over ten per annum. However, numbers have exceeded that average in six of the last seven years. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 12th March 2000 at Maer Lake, and the latest at Stithians Reservoir on 28th October 1983. This year the earliest was at Maer Lake on 9th April and the latest on 11th Sep at Upper Tamar Lake. Dozmary Pool: One on 23rd Jun KP. Little Ringed Plover Hayle Est: A first cal on 29th Jul MWa. (Kester Wilson) Maer Lake: One on 9th Apr GPS: Two on 2nd May GPS: A first cal on 2nd - 4th Aug GPS, SMC: A first cal on 4th - 5th Sep GPS, SMC, BMP. Nanjizal: One on 9th May KAW: One on 11th Jun KAW: A first cal on 29th Jul KAW. Siblyback Res: A first cal on 26th Jul GRW, MW: A first cal on 4th - 9th Aug GDL, MO, APR, AJ, GRW, MW. Trevose Head: One on 1st Sep SMC, LW. Upper Tamar Lake: One on 11th Sep GPS: A first cal on 21st Sep SMC, JDB. Walmsley Sane: Two first cal on 10th Aug GRW, MW, SMC, BMP. The county total is now c. 305. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 10 70 54 8 31 76 51 4 1 _

GREAT RINGED PLOVER - Charadrius hiaticula Passage migrant and winter visitor. Formerly a scarce breeding species, but none recorded since 1972. Breeding now appears to be unlikely as even the most remote potential breeding sites are subject to disturbance. Reported numbers were a little below average during the first quarter, but about average overall during the last five months of the year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 151 93 24 138 49 3 55 583 637 169 138 109 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 27 20 8 10 6 1 31 55 29 4 18 19 Colliford Res. - - - - _ _ 12 11 Crowdy/Davidstow 4 - - - - - 14 17 21 Gannel Est. - - - 30 - - 1 1 27 Hannafore - - - 1 - - - 5 2 1 Hayle/Copperhouse 47 49 9 23 4 - 12 120 80 42 47 44 Maer Lake 3 6 - 5 5 - _ 3 1 2 2 3 Mount's Bay 42 - 2 32 9 1 - 40 76 12 40

62 Predannack ------9 17 Siblyback Res. ------25 3 4 _ St Austell Bay 24 18 5 2 4 - - 34 35 15 30 9 St Ives Bay ------4 70 4 - _ _ St John's Lake ------1 8 6 5 - 16 Stithians Res. ------9 30 2 _ _ Trevose Head - - - 21 2 - - - 5 1 1 _ Upper Tamar Lake ------5 22 4 - -

KENTISH PLOVER - Charadrius alexandrinus Rare drift migrant. Padstow: One on 15th Jul DIJ. The county mainland total is now c. 55 since 1946. This is the fourth record on the Camel and the first since 1975 when there was also one at Padstow. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 4 11 22 2 1 5 9 1 - -

EURASIAN DOTTEREL - Charadrius morinellus Scarce passage migrant. This species has been an annual visitor since 1968. There are variations in the numbers seen from year to year, but there appears to be no particular trend during the period. Arden Sawah: One on 5th May MDW: One on 25th Sep MDW. Marazion: One on 26th Aug BSW. Nanjizal: A first cal on 20th and 22nd Aug KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 19th Aug MDW. St Just Airfield: One on 7th May MWa. The county mainland total now moves to c. 269 since 1931. Porthgwarra has most records with seventy-five, Davidstow Airfield has had twenty-nine and St Just Airfield twenty-two. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1 14 32 18 - - 32 116 44 9 2

AMERICAN GOLDEN PLOVER - Pluvialis dominica Rare vagrant. Bosullow/Men-an-Tol: A first cal on 24th - 27th Oct ACr, HN. Crowdy Res: A first cal on 1st Nov SMC. The Lizard: A first cal on 18th Sep - 1st Oct ARP. The county mainland total is now c. 52 since 1969. This is the twelfth record at Crowdy Reservoir/ Davidstow Airfield. Stithians Reservoir has also had twelve records and Sennen has had nine. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 1 - 2 - - - 2 17 24 6 -

EUROPEAN GOLDEN PLOVER - Pluvialis apricaria Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Breeding has never been proven in Cornwall, although a few pairs breed on Dartmoor and single birds

63 are occasionally seen in suitable nesting habitat on Bodmin Moor. Numbers fluctuate considerably from year to year, doubtless reflecting the severity of winters to the north. Numbers this year were about average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 15,245 14,887 1,608 142 41 - - 10 1 2,486 8,902 8,791 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Bake Lakes 63 41 3 - ______Camel Est. 3,200 3,700 40 - 2 - _ 3 312 1,000 2,600 Colliford /Dozmary 600 - 65 66 31 - - 3 _ 600 450 Crowdy/Davidstow 1,900 4,100 - 44 - - - - - 630 3,500 700 Hayle Est. 900 900 ------50 550 1,000 Maer Lake 2,240 2,780 1,235 1 - - - 2,010 2,780 Predannack Airfield 2,000 650 - - _ _ _ 332 Ruan Lanihorne 1,000 2,500 - ______Sennen ------96 400 280 Siblyback Res. 70 - - - - - _ _ _ 120 _ Trevose Head - - 18 13 1 - - - 1 120 _ _ Other reports include: Cargreen: 700 on 1st Dec. Harlyn Bay: 600 on 9th Jan. Roche: 900 on 4th Jan. Stone: 600 on 13th Jan.

GREY PLOVER - Pluvialis squatarola Passage migrant and winter visitor. Whilst numbers in January were about the average of the last ten years, they were very much lower than average for the rest of the year. Birds have been slow to return to the county in November and December during both of the last two years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 399 97 76 2 2 1 1 3 14 27 43 88 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 100 48 - 1 - - 1 1 10 11 8 26 Hayle Est. 46 47 27 - 1 - _ 1 9 18 18 Lynher Est. 45 - - - - - _ _ _ 6 Mount's Bay 45 ------_ 3 5 Ruan Lanihorne 11 1 ------_ 1 St. Johns Lake 110 - 22 - - - - _ _ 10 37 Trevose/Constantine 25 - 12 - - - - 1 1 - 1

NORTHERN LAPWING - Vanellus vanellus Scarce resident and winter visitor. Breeds in low numbers. There are significant variations in the numbers seen from year to year, doubtless reflecting the severity of winters to the north. Although numbers in January were only a little below the norm for the last ten years, they were well below average for the rest of the year.

64 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 14,180 5,504 1,096 2 7 30 29 17 41 825 5,700 6,121 Regular reports <& maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 1,804 560 44 - 2 10 9 13 129 740 2,192 Colliford Res. 300 107 - 2 5 10 2 - 13 120 106 Crowdy/Davids'1 2,200 - - - - - 1 - - 110 360 550 Drift Res. 1,060 500 ------1 1 100 65 Harlyn Bay 1,600 1,200 - - - - 1 1 _ 170 800 _ Hayle Est. 1,100 800 - - - - - 1 1 50 500 400 Kingsmill Lake 120 - - - - - 6 12 7 13 299 220 Lynher Est. 186 200 - - - - - _ _ 34 2 Maer Lake 1,850 1,770 1,050 - - 8 1 _ _ 122 1,062 1,489 Ruan Lanihorne 1,400 200 - - - - _ _ 200 Sennen ------_ 40 320 225 Stithians Res. 200 - - - - 1 2 3 5 6 95 Other reports include: Chyuerton: 250 on 4th Nov. Gannel Est: 800 on 11th Nov. : 400 on 6th Jan. Predannack Airfield: 400 on 6th Jan. Trevellas: 285 on 13th Jan.

RED KNOT - Calidris canutus Scarce passage migrant and uncommon winter visitor. Flock sizes on St. Johns and Millbrook Lakes, formerly the stronghold of this species, have reduced significantly. There were regularly two hundred or more prior to 1988, with six hundred in January 1978 and five hundred the following year, but the high count since 1988 is only sixty-two. Numbers in the county as a whole have declined during the last ten years, and were at a low level this year Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 4 5 - 11 1 2 68 28 5 6 1 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 5 1 1 5 1 1 8 3 2 2 - Hayle Est. - - 27 8 1 - 1 Lynher Est. - 3 1 - - 5 Maer Lake 1 - 2 1 1 Mount's Bay - - 2 2 2 St John's Lake 4 3 - 2 - - -

SANDERLING - Calidris alba Passage migrant and scarce winter visitor. Mounts Bay is the main site for this species, supporting the main wintering flock and also the largest numbers of migrants. Whilst numbers for most of the year were about average, there was a poor autumn passage. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 51 19 46 4 114 21 61 36 69 - 2 114

65 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 5 3 1 - 6 - 11 9 13 - - - Hayle Est. 6 2 1 - 3 - 2 1 20 - 2 2 Mount's Bay 40 14 44 4 63 18 16 13 16 - - 114 St Austell Bay - - - - 4 3 - 5 2 - - -

LITTLE STINT - Calidris minuta Scarce passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Numbers are normally around forty to fifty per annum, but approximately one hundred and eight were reported in September 1993 and an exceptional nine hundred in September 1996. This year's passage of birds in autumn was above the historic average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 2 1 - - 7 71 30 3 _ Camel Est: One on 28th - 29th Aug. Crowdy Res: Three on 21st Sep: One on 14th Nov: One on 18th Nov. Davidstow: One on 26th Sep. Drift Res: One on 16th Sep increasing to four by 19th Sep and reducing to one on 2nd Oct.Hayle Est: One on 24th - 31st Aug: One at Carnsew Pool on 6th Sep: Two at Copperhouse Creek on 17th Sep: Three on 23rd Sep reducing to two on 25th Sep: One at Copperhouse Creek on 5th - 8th Nov. Kingsmill Lake: One on 27th Sep - 8th Oct. Loe Pool: One on 20th Sep, increasing to four on 23rd Sep and reducing to one on 30th Sep: Two on 4th Oct. Maer Lake: Singles on 14th and 28th Apr: One on 3rd - 7th May: One on 21st and 24th - 31st Aug: Singles on 11th and 18th Sep: One on 30th Sep - 13th Oct: Two on 14th - 19th Oct. Marazion Beach: One on 18th Sep increasing to three on 22nd Sep. Nanjizal: One on 26th - 27th Aug: Singles on 11th and 17th Sep: One on 20th - 22nd Oct: One on 3rd - 4th Nov. Par Beach: One on 28th Sep - 1st Oct. Predannack Airfield: One on 27th Sep increasing to three on 28th Sep. Ruan Lanihorne: One on 8th Oct. Siblyback Res: Six on 9th Sep: One on 22nd - 25th Sep: Three on 3rd Oct. St Clement: One on 26th Oct. St John's Lake: One on 22nd Oct. Stithians Res: One on 27th Aug: One on 14th Sep increasing to nine on 29th Sep. Only two seen on 30th Sep, but eight on 1st Oct. Upper Tamar Lake: Singles on 19th Aug and 11th Sep: Two on 15th Sep reducing to one on 16th Sep: Six on 18th - 24th Sep, but seven on 21st Sep: Three on 4th Oct and four on 5th Oct: Six on 9th Oct with one staying to 10th Oct. Walmsley Sane: Singles on 11th, 17th and 19th - 20th Sep: One on 23rd - 24th Sep: Two on 26th Sep: One on 29th Sep - 4th Oct 2000: Trevose Head: One on 10th Sep SMC.

66 TEMMINCK'S STINT - Calidris temminckii Rare drift migrant. Nanjizal: A first cal on 18th Aug KAW. The mainland total is now c. 25 since 1955. Stithians Reservoir and the Hayle Estuary have the highest number of records with four each, the remainder being well spread. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 2 5 2 - 5 10 - - -

BAIRD'S SANDPIPER - Calidris bairdii Rare vagrant Long Rock Beach: A first cal on 16th Sep - 17th Oct PAF et al. (Photograph on front cover) The mainland total is now c. 23 since 1965. This is the fourth record from Mount's Bay, only surpassed by Davidstow Airfield where five have been seen. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------4 16 3 - -

PECTORAL SANDPIPER - Calidris melanotos Regular vagrant. This species is the most frequent American wader to visit the county with only four blank years since 1960, the most recent being in 1997. The highest number reported was twenty-five in 1984 when there were six at Colliford Reservoir between 5th and 8th September. Crowdy Res: A first cal on 4th - 9th Oct SMC, BMP. Drift Res: A first cal on 16th - 19th Sep GRW, MW. Landulph Marsh: A first cal on 22nd Aug GDL: A first cal on 17th - 24th Sep MB, DCg. Maer Lake: A first cal on 8th Oct GPS. Nanjizal: A first cal on 28th Sep KAW. Stithians Res: A first cal on 1st Oct PAF. Upper Tamar Lake: A first cal on 3rd - 13th Sep GPS, SMC, FHCK: A first cal on 3rd - 5th Oct GPS, SMC. 1997: Crowdy Res: One on 11th Aug DIJ. 2000: Camel Est: One on 10th Sep SMC. Crowdy Res/ Davidstow Airfield: Singles on 10th, 12th and 22nd Sep SMC. Stithians Res: One on 29th Sep SMC. The mainland total is now c. 238 since 1948. Stithians Reservoir has had forty-two records; Drift Reservoir thirty-two, Crowdy Res/Davidstow Airfield twenty-two, Tamar Lakes ten and Maer Lake nine. Approximate monthly totals (historic) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 2 2 - 35 150 44 4 -

CURLEW SANDPIPER - Calidris ferruginea Uncommon passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Usually seen in small numbers but with occasional exceptional years, as in 1999 when seventy-eight were reported on the Camel Estuary in September and thirty-five on the Hayle Estuary in August.

67 This was a good year, but not one of the exceptional years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 2 - 1 4 119 39 1 1 Reports include: Calenick Creek: Singles on 3rd and 17th Sep. Camel Est: Singles on 26th May and 20th Jul: Five on 29th Sep: Three on 16th Oct: Two on 21st Oct: One on 3rd Nov. Crowdy Res: One on 16th - 21st Sep. Davidstow Airfield: One on 30th Sep - 9th Oct, but with two on 7th Oct. Drift Res: One on 21st Sep. Gwithian: Two on 18th Sep. Hayle Est: One on 28th - 30th Aug, then two on 31st Aug - 2nd Sep and three on 3rd Sep: One on 7th Sep: One on 12th - 13th Sep: One on 18th Sep: One on 25th Sep: Six on 7th Oct: One on 14th Oct. Kingsmill: One on 18th Sep - 25th Oct, but with four on 22nd - 25th Sep and two on 27th Sep. Loe Pool: One on 13th Sep: Two on 16th Sep: Three on 23rd Sep: Two on 29th Sep. Mount's Bay: Singles on 13th May, 14th Sep and 19th Sep: Two on 20th Sep. Maer Lake: Six on 11th Sep and one on 10th Oct. Nanjizal: One on 10th Sep. Par Harbour: Two on 30th Sep and one on 7th Oct. Pendower Beach: One on 21st Dec. Porth Kidney Beach: One on 18th Aug and two on 19th Aug. Predannack Airfield: Three on 19th - 20th Sep: Singles on 27th - 28th Sep and 2nd Oct: Ten on 5th Oct. Stithians Res: Three on 9th Sep: Seven on 14th Sep: Five on 22nd Sep: Four on 26th Sep: Two on 29th Sep. Tresillian River: Three on 16th Sep. Upper Tamar Lake: Two on 3rd and 7th Sep: Twelve on 11th Sep and fifteen on 12th Sep: Twenty- one on 16th Sep: Five on 21st Sep: Three on 4th and 9th Oct. Walmsley Sane: One on 21st Sep: Two on 23rd Sep: One on 26th Sep: Seven on 4th Oct.

PURPLE SANDPIPER - Calidris maritima Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Mount's Bay is the main site for this species, with an average flock size of forty-seven since 1977 and a maximum flock of seventy-five in 1996. However, there has been a reduction in overall numbers during the last ten years as a result of the disappearance (or non-reporting) of the flock at Godrevy Point. Numbers during the first quarter were about average for recent years, but well below average in the last quarter. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 74 32 55 86 26 - - - - 20 52 39 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 4 6 - - - - - _ _ _ _ Constantine Bay 9 - 4 10 - - ______Mount's Bay 53 25 42 56 26 - - _ _ _ 37 28 Sennen/Land's End 8 - 5 20 - - - - _ 15 _ 6

68 DUNLIN - Calidris alpina Passage migrant and winter visitor. Small numbers have occasionally bred on Bodmin Moor, and are the most southerly breeding Dunlin in the world. Numbers continue to be much lower than were seen in the 1990's. There was some increase in the maximum flock size on the Hayle Estuary, but it is still less than half the size of 1998 and before. Smaller than usual flocks were reported from the Lynher and Camel Estuaries. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4,236 2,813 650 138 486 6 499 1,451 1,027 251 2,504 3,040 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 600 310 37 17 52 1 65 478 109 37 480 716 Colliford/Downderry - 1 - 1 3 - - 16 6 - 2 1 Crowdy/Davidstow 2 - - - - - 10 12 24 10 12 10 Devoran River 250 320 2 16 - - - - - . _ _ Drift Res. - - - - 1 - 2 9 13 9 1 _ Gannel Est. - - - 11 7 - 4 9 12 2 _ _ Hayle Est. 550 330 189 14 57 120 221 200 45 380 385 Kingsmill/Salter 48 - - - - - 39 - 44 24 17 33 Loe Pool ------7 19 - _ 1 Lynher Est. 112 58 - - - - 3 - 10 36 3 35 Maer Lake 49 38 - 15 122 1 3 12 23 - 56 78 Mount's Bay 200 - 2 4 55 4 52 50 50 8 _ 15 Nanjizal - - - - 17 - 2 14 1 - - 2 Predannack Airfield 50 4 ------1 4 _ _ Ruan Lanihome 65 350 ------6 - _ 50 Siblyback Res. ------29 35 1 _ 1 St Austell Bay 50 25 - 2 10 - - 16 10 20 50 60 St. Johns Lake 2,000 1,200 40 - 1 - - 18 50 10 1,500 1,000 Stithians Res ------20 37 12 _ Trevose Head - - - 2 9 - - 4 2 3 1 . Truro River - 155 160 - - - - 33 - - _ 350 Upper Tamar Lake ------8 28 2 _ Whitsand Bay - - - 16 40 - 1 1 4 -

BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER - Tryngites subruficollis Regular vagrant. None reported this year. The county mainland total remains at 102 since 1968. Crowdy Reservoir/Davidstow Airfield have most records with twenty-four. Predannack Airfield has had twenty, Stithians Reservoir eleven, St Just Airfield seven and Sennen six. Approximate monthly totals (historic) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - - 1 - 4 85 11 1 -

RUFF - Philomachus pugnax Passage migrant and scarce winter visitor. This was a very poor year, with only small numbers seen and a maximum flock size of only five birds. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 3 1 - 4 7 19 18 1

69 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. ------1 _ _ - Colliford Res. - - - - - 1 - - _ _ Crowdy/Davidstow ------3 5 _ Hannafore - - 2 - - _ - - _ _ Hayle Est. - 1 - - - 1 - 3 1 _ Kingsmill Lake - - - - - _ 1 _ 1 _ Loe Pool - - - - - 1 _ _ _ _ Maer Lake - - - 1 - 1 1 1 1 _ Mount's Bay - - 1 - - _ _ _ _ _ Nanjizal ------2 1 1 _ Polly Joke ------_ _ _ 1 Stithians Res. ------1 2 _ _ Upper Tamar Lake ------1 3 3

JACK SNIPE - Lymnocryptes minimus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Relatively few records are received every year, but this species is reportedly often shot on Bodmin Moor in the winter months and is probably commoner than the records would suggest. The lack of records undoubtedly results from the effectiveness of this bird's camouflage and the fact that they normally do not flush until they are virtually under someone's foot. The number of birds reported in the 1990's was higher than during the 1980's. Numbers this year returned to average levels after a fall last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 12 9 ------4 9 13 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Drift Res. - 2 - - - - _ _ _ _ 2 Hayle Est. 5 4 - - - - _ _ _ _ 1 Maer Lake 2 2 - - - _ _ _ _ _ 1 Nanjizal ------2 2 6

COMMON SNIPE - Gallinago gallinago Resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Breeds in low numbers on Bodmin Moor. Maer Lake holds the largest concentrations of wintering birds. Numbers at that site increased substantially between the 1980's and 1990's, doubtless reflecting the improvement in the habitat. Elsewhere, numbers can vary appreciably from year to year and are undoubtedly affected by the severity of winter weather. Numbers in the first quarter this year were at even lower levels than last year. They were a little higher in the last quarter but still well below the average of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 611 325 170 4 - 1 10 58 91 190 419 582 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 3 3 - - - - - 14 5 4 47 _ Colliford Res. 28 _ _ _ _ _ 6 3 15 Crowdy Res 12 - - - - - 1 1 1 30 10

70 Drift Res. 6 2 4 - - - - 13 9 3 13 14 Hayle Est. 100 89 3 - - - - 1 - _ _ 18 Loe Pool ------14 12 13 _ Maer Lake 280 212 158 3 - - 4 16 41 95 208 428 Marazion Marsh 4 2 4 - - - 5 2 4 8 3 Nanj izal/Skewj ack - - 1 1 - 1 5 3 4 4 15 8 Par Beach Pool 10 ------_ _ 10 3 Porthgwarra ------2 _ 10 6 _ Stithians Res. 31 ------2 5 _ _ Other reports include: Harlyn Bay: Eighty-three on 9th Jan. Kerley Downs: Twenty on 31st Dec. Ruan Lanihorne: Forty on 16th Oct. Sancreed: Thirty-five on 10th Nov.

EURASIAN WOODCOCK - Scolopax rusticola Passage migrant and winter visitor. Has not bred since the 1960's. Few reports are received for this skulking species, most large counts being reported from shoots. This year was much better than last year with numbers a little above the average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 50 13 2 ------3 14 32 Reports include: Sheviock: Twenty on 13th Jan. Skewjack: Fifteen on 20th Dec.

BLACK-TAILED GODWIT - Limosa llmosa Passage migrant and winter visitor. Flock numbers at the various main sites over the last twenty-five years show considerable variation but no particular trend. Numbers this year were below the recent average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 203 86 85 3 11 3 19 75 80 145 112 162 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 2 - 4 2 10 - 5 16 20 13 1 2 Devoran River 14 32 6 - - - _ 1 10 Hayle Est. 2 4 28 1 - - 1 2 3 1 2- 1 Kingsmill Lake 21 29 26 - - - 3 _ 10 98 80 80 Lynher Est. 4 - - - - - 1 _ 2 3 1 3 Maer Lake - - - - 1 3 _ 12 1 4 Millbrook Lake 7 1 1 - - - - _ _ _ 14 24 Ruan Lanihorne 8 10 - - - - _ 10 Stithians - - _ - _ 1 2 1 5 Tresillian River 85 - - - - 5 1 Truro River 60 9 20 - - - 5 3 14 13 13 48

71 BAR-TAILED GODWIT - Limosa lapponica Passage migrant and winter visitor. Flock numbers at the main sites over the last twenty-five years show considerable variation but no particular trend. Although numbers were a little better than last year, they were still below the average of recent years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 66 35 19 24 38 2 7 37 149 65 42 53 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 15 10 5 8 14 2 6 9 40 10 3 4 Gannel Est. ------1 6 3 _ _ Hayle Est. 12 12 11 2 4 - 1 5 26 18 10 5 Kingsmill Lake - - - - 3 - - 3 3 _ Lynher Est. - - - - - 2 - - _ _ _ 19 Maer Lake - - - 1 4 - _ _ 2 _ _ _ Mount's Bay 7 - 3 8 2 - - 3 _ 1 1 _ Par ------1 2 _ _ _ St. Johns Lake 13 11 - - - - - 11 20 4 24 25

WHIMBREL - Numenius phaeopus Passage migrant. A few have over-wintered. Numbers vary appreciably from year to year, without any particular trend, with occasional large day counts e.g. approximately one thousand seen at Mount's Bay in April 1990 and in May 1992. Birds pass through quickly in spring, with lower numbers seen in autumn. The spring passage was high this year, but the autumn passage was about average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 2 4 2,046 1,019 22 162 294 52 29 1 3 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. - - - 35 81 4 9 22 3 4 _ _ Drift Res. - - - 156 17 1 7 1 _ _ Gannel Est. - - - 90 25 2 3 4 9 _ _ _ Hayle Est. - - - 30 44 - 6 20 10 1 _ Kingsmill Lake - - - 8 74 1 _ 2 _ Land's End - - - 28 10 _ 6 _ _ Maer Lake - - - 66 42 3 2 _ 1 Mount's Bay - - - 300 37 - - 30 _ _ _ Nanjizal - - - 16 38 - 3 18 _ _ _ _ Porthgwarra - - - 65 7 - 1 6 2 _ Sancreed - - - 120 44 - - 3 _ _ St Austell Bay - - - 55 23 8 2 2 _ 5 St. Johns Lake - - - 8 30 - 40 12 1 i Trevose Head - - - 54 7 - - 13 1 _ Whitsand Bay - - - 158 20 - - 1 - _ _ _ Other reports include: Empacombe: One on 26th Jan. Gerrans Bay: Ninety on 29th Apr. Millbrook Lake: One on 20th Jan.

72 EURASIAN CURLEW - Numenius arquata Scarce breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. There has been a reduction in flock sizes at the main sites during the last twenty-five years, and this must reflect a reduction in the winter population. Numbers this year were better than last year during the first quarter, and the converse was the case in the last quarter when this year's totals in November and December were well below the average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2,186 2,286 533 37 34 267 1,886 1,499 1,704 2,109 1,232 1,578 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 265 208 114 16 20 24 533 610 568 611 263 252 Devoran River 135 94 15 - _ 377 _ _ _ Drift Res. 13 77 73 _ 21 67 25 4 1 2 1 Gannel Est. 350 361 2 - - 12 250 - 69 85 360 415 Hayle Est. 244 335 110 - 7 88 209 166 98 177 20 4 Kingsmill Lake 33 77 6 3 1 _ _ 25 137 _ _ Looe Est. 26 2 24 6 3 6 3 _ 26 _ 24 57 Lynher Est. 108 100 57 4 1 89 291 264 229 132 126 111 Maer Lake 182 222 - 1 - - 2 24 16 52 102 193 Millbrook Lake 10 1 - _ _ _ _ 1 _ 2 8 Mount's Bay 3 17 - - - - _ 2 50 40 Ruan Lanihorne 174 100 - - - - - 250 250 _ 200 St Austell Bay - 16 23 - - 12 35 30 7 100 _ 13 St. Johns Lake 60 60 - - - - 12 _ 86 57 81 162 Stithians Res. 39 ------73 6 _ 17 25 Tamar Est. - Upper ------25 137 177 124 88 Tresillian River 187 182 100 - - - _ 177 11 200 57 _ Trevose Head - - - 2 - - _ 5 6 5 1 _ Truro River 200 132 - - 1 - 4 26 50 150 _ _ Elsewhere: Percuil River: 212 on 16th Feb.

SPOTTED REDSHANK - Tringa erythropus Passage migrant and scarce winter visitor. Whilst numbers of this species are usually small, there appears to have been an appreciable reduction in recent years. Unusually, there were no reports of birds between March (often quite a busy month) and July this year. Numbers were below average this year, with the exception of November when the high count on the Tresillian River resulted in the highest numbers of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 18 10 - - - - - 6 16 15 40 15 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. - - 3 3 1 _ Kingsmill Lake 5 3 2 5 9 9 4 Lynher Est. 2 1 1 _ 3 6 Millbrook Lake 2 1 - _ _ 1 Ruan Lanihorne 3 2 _ 6 1 Tresillian River 4 3 4 3 20 _ Truro River 2 _ _ - 1 3

73 COMMON REDSHANK - Tringa totanus Passage migrant and winter visitor. Records indicate that there has been a considerable reduction in maximum flock sizes at the majority of sites over the last twenty-five years. Numbers were below average for a second successive year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 891 864 337 13 3 32 313 475 624 879 759 429 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 89 89 34 4 1 - 29 122 64 101 124 75 Devoran River 52 83 5 - - - 48 57 _ _ _ _ Gannel Est. 1 2 1 - - 1 2 2 2 _ _ 2 Hayle Est. 61 55 21 3 1 2 20 28 37 81 74 17 Kingsmill Lake 329 243 50 - - - 100 56 80 318 270 141 Looe Est. 8 5 3 3 - - - 5 14 _ 10 Lynher Est. 26 71 32 - 25 15 51 62 139 73 36 Maer Lake 3 - 2 - 1 _ _ 2 _ 1 2 _ Millbrook Lake 38 38 55 - - 4 51 66 70 57 40 43 Mount's Bay 20 - - - - - _ _ 1 1 _ _ Par 5 5 3 - - - 1 _ 1 2 3 4 Ruan Lanihorne 68 60 - - - - _ _ 12 35 55 46 St Austell Bay 5 5 3 - - - 1 _ 1 3 3 4 St. Johns Lake 15 60 - - - - 4 70 45 50 50 Tresillian River 129 42 60 - - - 40 36 114 45 64 _ Truro River 40 106 65 - - - - 33 94 40 _ _

COMMON GREENSHANK - Tringa nebularia Passage migrant. Winter visitor. Overall numbers during the first quarter were about average, but were exceptionally low in April and May. They were also below average during the last four months of the year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 60 64 50 17 5 6 56 182 161 111 85 42 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 2 6 4 1 - - 6 15 10 9 3 5 Devoran River 5 6 9 - - - 16 33 _ 20 _ Drift Res. - - - - - 1 - 9 11 2 _ _ Hayle Est. 2 3 3 2 1 2 8 6 6 5 2 2 Kingsmill Lake 15 16 14 - - - 6 21 33 18 40 15 Lynher Est. 3 3 6 - - - 2 - 3 6 2 6 Maer Lake - - - - 1 1 2 10 3 1 _ _ Millbrook Lake 11 7 7 5 - - 9 13 13 14 11 9 Nanjizal - - - - 1 - 1 5 1 _ _ _ Ruan Lanihorne 7 4 ------4 3 _ 2 St. Johns Lake 2 2 2 - - - 1 _ 6 3 1 1 Stithians ------4 4 3 1 Tresillian River 6 2 - - - - - 5 16 6 25 _ Truro River 6 10 4 - - - - 10 5 1 Elsewhere: Percuil River: Fourteen on 16th Feb. LESSER YELLOWLEGS - Tringa flavipes Rare Vagrant. Tresemple Pool/Devoran River: One on 30th Aug - 5th Sep. In the absence of a description by the original finder, a videograb taken by JC was used to obtain acceptance. Walmsley Sane: An adult on 9th - 21st Sep SMC. The county mainland total is now c. 29 since 1936. The Walmsley Sanctuary record is the seventl from the Camel Estuary, but there have been no previous records at either Crowdy Reservoir or the Devoran River. Drift Reservoir has had five records, there have been four at Stithians Reservoir anc the rest are well spread. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------6 14 7 2

GREEN SANDPIPER - Tringa ochropus Passage migrant. A few over-winter. Annual numbers, and numbers at individual sites, fluctuate from year to year with no obvious trends. The number of wintering birds in the first quarter was below average, but the autumn passage was the highest of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 3 2 1 - 3 70 101 45 26 15 5 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 2 1 - - - _ 1 2 2 2 _ _ Colliford Res - - - - _ 3 1 _ _ _ _ Drift Res. 1 2 - - - 1 8 7 6 5 4 _ Hayle Est. ------1 1 1 1 - Hayle Kimbro ------1 - - 1 _ Loe Pool ------1 3 4 _ _ Looe Est. ------_ _ _ Maer Lake - - - - - 1 - 5 _ _ _ _ Nanjizal - - 1 1 - - 7 10 3 1 1 1 Siblyback Res. ------2 1 - - - Stithians Res. ------3 11 14 2 1 _ Upper Tamar Lake ------3 5 - 1 - -

WOOD SANDPIPER - Tringa glareola Uncommon passage migrant. There were fifty-six reports in 1996 but only seven in 1984, and there was an average of just over twenty-eight per annum during the last quarter century. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 2nd April 1977 at Mitchell, and the latest at Marazion on 6th November 1981. The earliest report this year was on 20th May at Marazion Marsh, and the latest at Drift Reservoir on 9th Sep. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - _ _ 1 _ 7 35 5 _ _ _ Camel Est: One on 13th Aug DIJ

75 Colliford Res: One on 30th Jul - 2nd Aug SMC. Croft Pascoe: One on 25th and 28th Jul SFE. Crowdy Res: Three on 14th Sep PAF. Drift Res: One on 22nd, 24th and 28th Jul BD: One on 2nd, 4th, 5th and 9th Sep JDJ. Maer Lake: Two on 27th Jul SMC: One on 2nd - 6th Aug GPS: One on 21 st Aug, four on 24th Aug, three on 26th Aug and four on 27th Aug GPS, SMC. Marazion Marsh: One on 20th May SGR. Nanjizal: One on 1 st - 2nd Aug KAW: Singles on 18th and 25th Aug KAW: One on 30th Aug - 2nd Sep KAW. Sennen: One on 18th Aug MWa. Siblyback Res: One on 22nd Aug AJ, SAP, MO. Stithians Res: One on 5th Aug BSW: Nine on 18th Aug, reducing to eight the following day SFE, DE, DIJ, TSH: Present 24th - 28th Aug with maximum six on 26th Aug DE, AHs, DCg, GRW, MW, SFE, WS, PAF, TSH. (photograph in centre pages) Upper Tamar Res: One on 28th Jul GRW, MW: Three on 20th Aug, four on 22nd and 24th Aug GPS, SMC. Walmsley Sane: Two on 10th Aug GRW, WM, SMC.

COMMON SANDPIPER - Actitis hypoleucos Passage migrant and scarce winter visitor. Bred in 1910 and 1989. Reports of this species show a good deal of variation but indicate no particular trend. The spring passage was above average and the autumn passage was about average. Winter numbers at both the start and the end of the year were below the average of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 7 7 4 66 23 4 89 168 49 10 4 6 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 1 - - _ _ 13 4 1 _ 1 Colliford Res. - - _ _ _ 2 2 1 Crowdy Res. - - - - - _ 2 3 1 _ _ _ Drift Res. - - 1 6 1 1 5 5 5 1 _ Gannel Est. - - - 3 2 2 7 5 1 _ Hayle Est. - - - 2 3 - 5 10 5 1 1 _ Loe Pool - - - _ _ _ 1 5 1 1 Looe Est. 1 1 1 2 _ _ 3 3 _ Lynher Est. - - - 5 - _ _ _ 2 1 1 Maer Lake - - 1 1 4 _ 1 1 1 1 Mount's Bay - - - 5 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ Nanjizal - - - 2 1 _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ Siblyback Res. ------4 9 5 _ _ _ St Austell Bay - - - 8 1 _ 4 2 1 _ _ Stithians Res. - - - 2 _ _ 2 8 2 _ _ Tamar Est. - Upper - 1 - - - - - 35 10 _ 2 2 Tresillian River 1 1 _ _ _ _ 2 _ Truro River - - _ 2 _ _ 1 _ _ 2 Upper Tamar Lake - - - 1 - - 3 10 2 _ _

RUDDY TURNSTONE - Arenaria interpres Passage migrant, winter visitor and a few summer. Rare inland. Numbers of this species have reduced steadily during the last ten years, and there has been a significant reduction in the number of birds recorded at Looe.

76 This year saw a continuation of that trend with overall numbers more than fifty per cent down on those for 1992. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 162 146 102 45 23 6 49 65 25 99 117 128 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 18 37 21 5 - - 1 9 4 8 12 8 Constantine/Trevose 4 - 5 16 _ _ _ 2 1 1 14 Hayle Est. 15 12 - - 3 - - 4 2 6 6 _ Looe 27 25 21 2 - - 14 _ _ 6 18 36 Mount's Bay 15 15 25 16 19 3 20 23 1 35 _ 42 St Austell Bay 20 30 30 4 - 3 _ 8 10 20 20 20 St John's Lake 27 25 - - - - 14 - - 6 3 16 Other reports include: Porthcurnick Beach: Thirty on 10th Nov.

GREY PHALAROPE - Phalaropus fulicarius Uncommon passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Although usually uncommon there are days following favourable weather conditions when large numbers have been seen e.g. St. Ives on 23rd September 1984 when one hundred were reported and on 7th October 1988 when seventy-four birds were seen, and at Pendeen Watch this year on 8th October when seventy-five were seen. Cape Cornwall: Forty-five on 8th Oct MTE: Three on 26th Oct MTE: Four on 31st Oct MTE: One on 4th Nov MTE. Cot Valley: One on 16th - 19th Jan MTE. Crowdy Res: One on 4th Oct SMC: One on 12th Oct DIJ. Drift Res: Six on 7th Oct and one on 8th Oct PHA. ICilligerran Head: One on 17th Oct SMC. Long Rock: One on 1 st Jan BSW. Newquay: Two on 8th Oct SMC. Pendeen Watch: One on 16th Sep SFE: Two on 1st Oct BSW: Seventy-five on 8th Oct TSH, PHA: Twenty-one on 9th Oct DRu: One on 16th Oct BSW: Nine on 24th Oct GSB, JDB, KC, WF, SMC, JNW, MKW, SML, MCH: nine on 25th Oct BSW: Ten on 26th Oct GSB, JDB, WF, SMC, JNW, MKW, ACr, HN. Pendower: One on 7th Jan GSG. Porth Res: Two on 11th Nov APH. Porthcurno: Three on 11th Oct DRu. Porthgwarra: One on 10th Oct BSW: Three on 24th Oct DE: Three on 25th Oct GSB, JDB, KC, WF, SMC, JNW, MKW: Sennen Cove: four on 26th Oct BSW. Trevose Head: One on 18th Sep SMC: Three on 8th Oct SMC: One on 31st Oct SMC. Upper Tamar Lake: One on 9th Oct SMC. Walmsley Sane: One on 30th Sep SMC, LW: One on 8th Oct AKA. This years total of two hundred and nineteen is the second highest ever, but fell well short of the five hundred and fourteen reported in 1984. The county mainland total advances to c. 4,376 since 1930. Approximate monthly breakdown (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 49 14 3 1 - - 1 65 1,189 2,325 585 144

77 POMARINE SKUA - Stercorarius pomarinus Uncommon passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Usually only seen in small numbers, but high counts during the last twenty-five years have beer ninety-eight at St. Ives on 7th October 1988, seventy-five at Pendeen Watch on the same date, anc sixty-two at Cape Cornwall on 17th October 1991. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - - 1 3 16 10 8 33 4 - Botallack: One on 7th Sep BSW. Cape Cornwall: One on 5th Aug MTE: One on 8th Sep MTE: One on 2nd Oct MTE: Three on 8th Oct MTE: Two on 31st Oct MTE: One on 8th Nov MTE. Chapel Point: An adult on 6th Oct RL. Charlestown: An adult on 5th Oct RL. Killigerran Head: One on 17th Oct SMC. Mount's Bay: Fifteen on 13th May BKM, PAF. Pendeen Watch: One on 31st Jul BSW: A second cal on 9th Aug MWa: Two on 20th Aug SML, MCH: A first cal on 8th Sep MWa: A first cal on 13th Sep MWa, PAF, KAW: A second cal on 14th Sep MWa: One on 3rd Oct BSW: One on 9th Oct DRu: Two adults on 23rd Oct SML, MCH: Six on 24th Oct GSB, JDB, KC, SMC, WF, JNW, MKW, SML, MCH: five on 31st Oct DJC, MWa. Porthgwarra: A second cal on 15th Jun KAW: Two on 27th Jun JL: Two adults on 9th Jul PAF, KAW: An adult on 10th Jul MWa, KAW: An adult on 17th Jul MWa, KAW: Two adults on 18th Jul MWa, KAW: An adult on 20th Jul KAW: Four adults on 21st Jul MWa,KAW: Two on 22nd Jul KAW: One on 23rd Jul BKM: Two on 4th Aug KAW: One on 5th Aug BSW: One on 19th Sep BSW: One on 10th Oct SMC: One on 19th Oct GSB, JDB, KC, WF, SMC, JNW, MKW: Two on 25th Oct SML, MCH. Rame Head: A second cal on 14th Jul EJW. Sennen Cove: One on 9th Oct BSW. St Ives Island/Bay: A second cal on 1st Jan BB, FHCK: One on 31st Aug SMC, BMP: One on 9th Sep JDJ: One on 13th Sep JDJ: An adult on 1st Oct HN, JDJ: One on 8th Oct JDJ: Three second cal on 8th Nov MWa. Trevose Head: Singles on 4th Aug, 25th Aug, 8th Oct and 31st Oct SMC. 2000: Trevose Head: Singles on 2nd, 10th and 30th Oct SMC. The county mainland total is now c. 2,991. Approximate monthly breakdown (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 11 10 2 58 390 74 164 246 443 1,053 474 66

ARCTIC SKUA - Stercorarius parasiticus Passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Reports from St. Ives and Pendeen Watch appear to indicate that numbers have reduced in recent years by comparison with the 1980's. Numbers this year were a little above those of last year, but both years were well below the average of the previous eight years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 3 2 14 31 19 65 69 2 _

78 Bass Point: Three on 17th Jul. Cape Cornwall: Singles on 5th Aug, 16th Sep, 2nd and 25th Oct: Eleven on 31st Oct. Chapel Point: One on 5th Oct and two on 6th Oct. Charlestown: Singles on 1st Jul, 18th - 19th Jul and 1st Oct. Hannafore: Seven on 29th Jun: One on 7th Oct. Killigerran Head: Two on 17th Oct. Land's End: Singles on 12th April, 9th and 23rd Aug: Five on 13th Sep: Two on 26th Sep. Mounts Bay: One on 7th Oct. Par Bay: One on 14th Jun. Pendeen Watch: Five on 11th Jul: One on 9th Aug and two on 24th Aug: Singles 30th Aug and 7th Sep: Seven on 8th Sep: Four on 10th Sep: Fifteen on 13th Sep: Two on 14th Sep and five on 15th Sep: Two on 1st Oct: Four on 8th Oct: Eleven on 9th Oct: One on 23rd Oct: Five on 24th Oct: Seven on 31st Oct. Pentire Point: One on 13th Sep. Porthgwarra: One on 27th Apr: Two on 27th May: One on 13th Jun: Five on 15th Jun: Two on 16th Jun: Singles on 27th and 28th Jun: Two on 29th Jun: Two on 9th Jul: Singles on 10th, 11th and 16th Jul: Two on 17th Jul: One on 19th Jul: Five on 20th Jul: Eight on 21st Jul: Singles on 22nd and 23rd Jul and 4th Aug: Two on 17th Aug: One on 24th Aug: Two on 19th Sep: Singles on 29th and 30th Sep: Two on 10th Oct: Singles on 16th and 17th Oct: Three on 23rd Oct: Two on 24th Oct. Sennen Cove: Singles on 9th, 11th and 12th Oct. St Ives Island/Bay: One on 19th Aug: Two on 31st Aug and 4th and 6th Sep: Nine on 13th Sep: Two on 16th Sep: One on 2nd Oct: Two on 9th Oct: Singles on 16th Oct and 8th Nov. St Levan: One on 12th Oct. Summerleaze Beach: One on 8th Nov. Towan Head: Two on 13th Sep. Trevose Head: One on 26th Apr: Two on 4th Aug: Three on 19th Aug: One on 26th Aug: Four on 13th Sep: One on 8th Oct.

LONG-TAILED SKUA - Stercorarius longicaudus Rare passage migrant. Hannafore: An adult on 5th May EJW. Killigerran Head: A first cal light phase on 17th Oct SMC. Pendeen Watch: A first cal on 13th Sep PAF, KAW: A first cal light phase on 23rd Oct SMC, JNW, MKW, SML, MCH, GSB, JDB, KC, WF: A first year light phase on 24th Oct SMC. Seaton: An adult on 7th Oct DCg, SMC. Trevose Head: A first year light phase on 8th Oct SMC. The county mainland total increases to c. 189 since 1961. Most reports have come from St Ives Island with sixty-five, and Pendeen Watch with sixty-four. The record at Hannafore is only the fifth for May. Approximate monthly breakdown (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 5 4 2 20 100 52 6 _

GREAT SKUA - Catharacta skua Passage migrant, and seen in winter during westerly gales. Numbers fluctuate greatly from year to year, but with no apparent trend. There have been occasional exceptional days as on 12th November 1977 when four hundred and eighty-eight were reported at St. Ives, and following severe gales four hundred and fifty were seen at St. Ives and four hundred at Pendeen Watch on 3rd September 1983.

79 This year numbers were very similar to the previous two years, but all three years were about twenty per cent below the average of the previous seven years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug bep Oct Nov Dec 4 - 2 3 1 7 24 69 191 128 21 - Regular reports & monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Cape Cornwall ------3 4 1 16 17 - Pendeen Watch ------5 4 77 51 2 - Porthgwarra - - - 2 1 6 15 42 35 7 - - St. Ives Island 1 - 1 - - - - 1 39 36 2 -

MEDITERRANEAN GULL - Larus melanocephalus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Birds are constantly passing through and it is difficult to calculate total numbers - observers at the main sites have to use differences in plumage and colour rings to identify individuals. It is helpful when observers estimate and advise the numbers of different birds involved in sightings at regularly watched sites on a monthly basis. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 47 40 24 6 1 3 42 49 43 45 55 45 Regular reports & monthly numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 3 1 2 - - - 11 10 9 2 9 7 Downderry 3 1 - - - - 2 - - - - 1 Drift Res. 3 3 1 - - - - - 2 5 3 2 Gannel Est. 3 4 2 - - - 3 - - 2 3 - Hayle Est. 6 6 3 - - 1 5 5 5 5 3 7 Loe Pool 1 1 ------2 2 3 2 Maer Lake 1 2 ------1 2 - Mount's Bay 5 2 2 - - 1 5 4 5 3 1 - Newquay 1 1 1 - - - 1 2 - - 4 1 Par 1 1 1 - - - - 2 1 2 - - Rame Head 2 1 - - - - 1 - - - 1 - St Johns/Millbrook - Adult 6 6 3 3 - - 6 16 12 10 2 7 - Second cal 2 1 1 1 - - 2 2 2 4 1 2 - First cal 1 2 2 2 - - 1 2 2 1 1 1 Stithians Res. 2 ------1 1 2 1 1 The approximate number of birds seen each month, and set out below, indicates a steady increase in the number of birds identified since 1984. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1984 4 9 10 4 4 - - 6 4 6 6 7 1985 7 12 7 - - - 2 8 13 12 11 5 1986 6 12 9 2 - - 3 5 9 13 12 7 1987 8 10 10 - 2 2 4 4 8 9 2 6 1988 7 5 2 - - - 1 6 18 18 10 13 1989 20 10 2 1 1 1 1 8 6 17 8 6 1990 15 13 13 - 2 2 10 12 17 21 14 16 1991 22 20 12 - 1 - 4 11 19 19 15 19 1992 29 24 20 4 1 8 14 18 13 18 15 26 1993 27 21 12 - 1 1 9 12 15 15 13 12

80 Choughs on a Cornish headland Great White Egret May 2001 - Ian Wilson Stithians Reservoir, June 2001 - John Chappie

Ring-necked Duck King Eide Drift Reservoir, November 2001 New Polzeath, August 2001 Gary Cockill John Chappie • Rough-legged Buzzard • Red-footed Falcon Catchall, December 2001 Croft Pascoejune 2001 Pete Walsh John Chappie

A Wood Sandpiper, Stithians Reservoir, August 2001 - Gary Cockill Western Yellow-legged Gull, Polgigga, April 2001 - Ian Wilson

Great Spotted Cuckoo Land's End March 2001 European Bee-eaters Terry George Kelynack May 2001 John Chappie k Arctic Warbler Nanquidno October 2001 Andy Brett

Yellow-browed Warbler Helston, March 2001 - Gary Cockill

Ortolan Bunting, Nanjizal September 2001 - Kester Wilson 1994 _ _ 10 15 6 2 13 25 21 30 45 48 1995 39 38 11 1 - 3 23 30 13 32 24 32 1996 31 14 17 8 - 1 10 25 11 28 24 23 1997 29 29 13 2 5 3 16 37 42 42 40 30 1998 49 54 27 32 1 3 23 62 68 47 34 42 1999 36 34 29 3 2 1 44 41 27 45 39 29 2000 51 43 16 4 2 6 61 49 37 57 34 63 2001 47 40 24 6 1 3 42 49 43 45 55 45

HYBRID MEDITERRANEAN GULL x BLACK-HEADED GULL Eastern Green Beach: One on 18th Sep BSW. Millbrook Lake: An adult on 27th Nov, not the St John's Lake Bird RWG: An adult on 29th Dec BSW Porthpean: One on 25th Jan RL. St John's Lake: One on 21st Jan: One on 3rd Feb SCM.

LITTLE GULL - Larus minutus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers during the year were average or slightly above average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 7 6 1 2 - 2 2 4 3 21 2 Bake Lakes: A second cal on 14th Jan. Camel Est: A first cal on 26th Aug. Cape Cornwall: An adult and a first cal on 14th Nov. Carrick Roads/Penarrow Point: Second cal birds on 1st and 15th Jan. Constantine Bay: A second cal on 2nd Apr. Drift Res: A second cal on 5th Jan. Durgan: An adult on 16th Dec. Hayle Est: A second cal on 8th Feb: An adult on 12th Feb: An adult on 20th Mar: A first cal on 26th and 27th Jul: A first cal on 26th Aug: One on 7th Sep: A first cal on 9th Sep. Helston Boating Lake: A second cal on 24th Feb. Land's End: An adult on 3rd May. Loe Pool: Second cal birds on 18th, 19th and 24th Feb: A first cal on 2nd Sep. Lower Tamar Lake: One on 13th Oct. Maer Lake: A second cal on 7th - 8th Feb, 24th Feb and 5th Mar: A first cal on 26th Oct. Marazion Marsh: One on 7th Mar. Newquay: A second cal on 4th Jan. Par Beach Pool: Adults on 8th, 11th and 17th Mar: A first cal on 27th Nov. Pendeen Watch: A first cal on 13th Sep. Porthgwarra: Ten adults and a first cal on 9th Nov: An adult on 13th Nov. Reskajeage Downs: An adult on 6th Jan. Siblyback Res: An adult on 13th Jan. St Ives Bay/ Carbis Bay: An adult on 6th Jan: An adult on 6th Jul: A first cal on 24th Oct: An adult and a first cal on 8th Nov. St John's Lake: A second cal on 26th Jan. Towan Head: A second cal on 2nd Jan. Trevose Head: One on 7th May: Two adults and a first cal on 11th Nov: A first cal on 13th Nov. Upper Tamar Lake: A first cal on 30th Dec.

81 SABINE'S GULL - Larus sabini Scarce passage migrant. Past records show fluctuations from year to year but with no obvious trend. Severe gales on 2nd September 1983 resulted in an exceptional one hundred birds being reported at St. Ives the following day. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ - - 1 1 1 23 15 - - Botallack Head: A first cal on 7th Sep BSW: A first cal on 13th Sep NRP. Gurnard's Head: One on 2nd Oct EGG. Killigerran Head: A first cal on 5th Oct SMC. Pendeen Watch: Two on 4th Sep BSW: A first cal on 8th Sep KAW: Seven adults and two first cal on 13th Sep KAW: Two first cal on 15th Sep MWa: One on 16th Sep BSW: Two first cal on 3rd Oct BSW: One first cal on 9th Oct DRu: A first cal on 15th Oct BSW: An adult on 21st Oct SML, MCH: A first cal on 24th Oct SML, MCH: One on 25th Oct JL: A first cal on 31st Oct LPW. Porthgwarra: A second cal on 24th Jun BSW: A second cal on 9th Jul PAF, KAW: A first year on 10th Oct SMC: A first cal on 24th Oct DE. St Ives Island: An adult on 13th Sep BSW: Four first cal on 16th Sep SGR, BKM. St Anthony Head: One on 8th Oct GSG. Trevose Head: An adult on 15th Aug SMC: One on 7th Sep SMC: Two on 8th Oct SMC. The county mainland total is now c. 1,247 since 1951.

BONAPARTE'S GULL - Larus Philadelphia Rare vagrant. Millbrook Lake: An adult on 19th - 31st Dec RWG, AECA. Penzance Harbour: An adult on 30th April DSF. The county mainland total is now c. 30 since 1967. Mount's Bay has now had ten records, some of which also visited Drift Reservoir where there have been nine records. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 3 9 3 1 _ - - 1 3 4

BLACK-HEADED GULL - Larus ridibundus Abundant passage migrant and winter visitor. Breeds in relatively small numbers at some reservoirs. Large numbers of this species pass through the county, making it very difficult to calculate total numbers. Reports show considerable fluctuations with no discernable trend. Bred at Colliford Reservoir but foot and mouth disease restrictions prevented a count. This was a poor year with numbers considerably below the average of the last ten years. The reduction is reflected in the maximum size of flocks at most sites. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,897 6,783 1,210 469 405 525 3,558 3,861 6,494 5,211 14,515 6,867

82 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 3 ,550 600 180 45 4 19 951 1,517 1,551 1,162 7,000 1,378 Colliford /Butt.Tor 45 - - 364 376 189 10 - - - 110 8 Crowdy Res. 5 47 - - - - - 2 • - - 120 - Drift Res. 382 656 170 7 1 2 60 15 29 114 383 364 Gannel Est. - - 19 - - 54 38 29 260 55 - 64 Gerrans Bay 500 165 ------Hayle Est. 750 400 3 - - 2 190 70 156 153 113 82 Helston Boat Lake 125 21 - - - - - 1 - 1 - - FCingsmill Lake 111 279 16 - 2 ------Loe Pool 137 ------100 - - Looe Est. - - 126 20 1 - - - 27 - 96 233 Lynher Est. 472 195 235 - 5 176 755 507 620 906 411 218 Maer Lake 450 958 24 - - - 7 2 28 80 249 1,482 Millbrook Lake 518 341 314 21 4 70 258 456 1,756 317 3,941 300 Mounts Bay 250 750 120 - 2 1 50 1 22 20 30 200 Siblyback Res. 217 ------64 Stithians Res. 43 ------7 11 103 - 96 St Austell Bay 780 2,000 3 12 - 6 50 150 139 100 - 1 St John's Lake - - - - 5 - 750 - 700 500 1,000 447 Tamar Est. - Upper ------1,153 1,040 751 1,589 Tresillian River - 141 - - - - - 549 39 - 191 - Truro River - - - - 1 6 50 485 - 5 - - Other reports include: Ruan Lanihorne: 550 on 8th Oct.

RING-BILLED GULL - Larus delawarensis Vagrant. Some birds return annually to over-winter. This species has been seen in increasing numbers since it was first recorded in mainland Cornwall in 1979, with several birds having returned annually. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 9 9 5 3 2 1 1 1 2 5 7 Camel Estuary: A first cal at Wadebridge on 8th Dec DIJ. Cot Valley: A second cal on 27th Feb - 18th Mar MTE, GRW, MW. Drift Res: A second cal on 6th Feb GH: A second cal on 2nd Mar GH: A second cal on 15th - 18th Mar GH: A second cal on 29th Mar GH: A second cal on 21st Jun GH: A second cal on 10th Oct GH: A second cal on 27th Oct GH: One third cal and one second cal on 24th Nov MWa, GH: An adult on 2nd Dec GH. Hayle Estuary/Copperhouse Creek: An adult on 1st Jan - 31st Mar DSF, LPW: A third cal on 25th Jan - 9th Apr DSF, LPW. A second adult on 29th Jan SMC: A second cal on 6th Feb - 14th May DSF, LPW: An additional second cal on 9th Apr DSF, LPW. Helston Boating Lake: Last year's bird (now second cal) was present all year. Loe Pool: A second cal on 14th Jul, 11th Aug, 4th Sep and 18th Sep was presumably the Helston bird SFE, SK: A first cal on 17th and 24th Nov SFE: An adult on 19th Nov BD. Maenporth: A second cal on 13th Jan PAF. Maer Lake: A third cal on 9th - 10th Jan GPS: A second cal on 15th - 17th Jan GPS. Mount's Bay: A second cal on 18th and 28th Feb and 23rd - 24th Apr was perhaps the bird seen intermittently at Drift GH, PAF. Millbrook Lake: A second cal on 16th - 31st Dec GSG. Nanjizal/Skewjack: A second cal on 21st Apr was perhaps the bird seen intermittently at Drift KAW. Neal Point: An adult on 1 st Dec DCg. Par: Last year's adult remained into the new year and was joined by a second adult on 24th Jan, both appearing intermittently until 10th Mar and one seen on 11th Mar RL, SMC, DIJ, DCg: A second cal on 19th - 23rd Feb RL: An adult, presumably the returning bird, on 10th - 31st Dec SMC, RL. South Boderwennack: One on 4th Mar was presumably the Helston bird SK. St John's Lake/Torpoint: A second cal on 18th Mar - 5th May VRT, SCM, EG, DC: A second cal on 27th Dec RWG. St Levan: An adult on 14th Jan MDW. Truro River: A second cal on 22nd Jan - 19th Mar PAF, SMC. 2000: Gannel Est: A first cal on 25th Dec SMC. The approximate number of birds seen each month, since this species was first recorded in 1979, is set out below. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1979 - 2 2 1 ------1980 ------_ - _ 1981 3 3 6 4 5 - - 1 1 1 _ 1982 2 7 6 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1983 3 4 2 2 - - - - _ - 4 1984 2 6 8 4 2 - - - _ 4 1985 7 9 6 2 1 - - - - 1 3 4 1986 1 2 2 2 1 - - - - - 4 4 1987 2 3 7 2 - - 1 1 2 1 2 2 1988 4 5 5 5 2 - - 1 1 1 2 6 1989 5 6 7 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 1990 11 9 13 13 6 3 2 4 4 3 7 8 1991 16 15 15 4 2 - - - 1 2 2 9 1992 11 11 15 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 1993 8 7 6 3 2 - - - - - 4 4 1994 3 3 4 2 1 - - - - - 1 5 1995 6 7 5 1 1 1 - - - - 3 3 1996 6 4 3 3 ------6 3 1997 3 5 4 3 1 1 - - - 1 5 6 1998 7 10 6 4 1 - - - - 1 2 8 1999 4 5 2 ------2 2 2000 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 _ 11 2001 10 9 9 5 3 2 1 1 1 2 5 7

COMMON GULL - Larus canus Passage migrant and winter visitor. A few summer. Reports show considerable fluctuations with no discernable trend during the last ten years, a situation reflected by maximum day totals at sites over the last twenty-five years. This year's numbers were higher than last year, but still below the average of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 837 897 118 2 1 - 5 10 14 63 370 261 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 310 119 5 1 - 5 9 7 20 230 9

84 Drift Res. 37 72 10 1 8 12 Hayle Est. 110 85 30 6 6 4 Loe Pool 45 47 - _ - 18 85 Lynher Est. 60 - 20 10 29 5 Millbrook Lake 50 95 36 - 11 17 Rame Head 15 63 - - 19 19 St Austell Bay 39 370 4 1 - 30 60 St John's Lake 120 - - 1 5 20 10 10

LESSER BLACK-BACKED GULL - Larus fuscus Common passage migrant and winter visitor. Breeds in low numbers. Site totals for the past twenty-five years show significant variations in numbers from year to year but with no particular trend. Overall numbers during both of the last two years were well below the average of the last ten years, although numbers in February and March this year were back to more normal levels. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,576 4,733 3,270 186 30 91 126 709 607 1,116 1,342 928 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 684 1,525 1,412 47 4 1 10 41 46 22 110 96 Colliford Res. 112 - - 7 4 7 23 125 13 - 381 200 Crowdy Res. - 7 - - - - - 86 30 900 591 215 Drift Res. 18 37 45 45 18 14 22 38 28 39 15 28 Gannel Est. 133 416 143 - - 9 2 11 - - - 5 Hayle Est. 391 2,092 1,200 - - 20 - 360 195 42 22 51 Lynher Est. 15 7 84 - - - - 12 49 4 1 Maer Lake 42 82 105 ------Mount's Bay 6 3 35 14 1 - 2 1 - - - 2 Siblyback Res. 52 - - - - - 46 37 274 54 218 320 St Austell Bay 27 500 36 3 - 38 - - - 5 - - St John's Lake 6 25 20 6 - - 20 - 6 5 - - Other reports include: Winnard's Perch: 254 on 4th Feb: 162 on 17th Mar.

HERRING GULL - Larus argentatus Common breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Site totals for the past twenty-five years show significant variations in numbers from year to year but with no particular trend. Numbers were generally below average, but September saw the highest numbers of the last ten years owing to the high numbers reported around the Looe Estuary Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6,361 5,205 4,931 2,645 2,166 1,762 1,256 3,408 7,204 4,119 3,421 4,206 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 1,127 289 1,084 231 168 29 31 301 712 568 381 156 Crowdy/Davidstow - 14 - - - - - 59 41 784 290 - Drift Res. 434 164 265 480 960 536 268 432 451 985 560 1,068 Gannel Est. - 1,000 126 - 71 83 103 190 411 950 300 330 Hayle Est. 500 1,000 1,500 2 67 150 4 546 657 213 270 253

85 Helston Boat Lake 19 9 - - 36 53 - - - 1 - - Looe Est. - - 1,340 1,263 365 150 - 1,500 3,009 - 260 1,563 Lynher Est. 43 40 158 98 63 53 5 36 113 101 205 96 Millbrook Lake 70 37 45 79 48 34 33 92 563 227 79 66 Mount's Bay 70 10 85 64 180 15 1 176 10 40 43 Rame Head 537 1,382 - - 82 104 544 72 650 - 402 438 St Austell Bay 81 1,000 137 187 - 534 - - 122 100 - - St John's Lake 175 - - - - - 175 - 120 150 150 50 Stithians Res. 6 - 54 - 90 - - 171 - 5 - 41 Tamar Est. - Upper ------168 20 31 102 Other reports include: Freathy: 600 on 1 st Jun. Newquay: 1,200 on 4th Jan and 2,500 on 22nd Jan. Birds showing characteristics of the Scandinavian form L. a. argentatus were noted as follows: Hayle Est: Adults or an adult bird on 29th Jan, 11th, 18th, 20th, 22nd and 27th Feb, and 12th Mar LPW, SMC, KAW: An adult on 28th Nov LPW. Maer Lake: An adult on 25th Jan SMC: An adult on 25th Feb GPS. Par Beach Pool: An adult on 28th Feb SMC.

WESTERN YELLOW-LEGGED GULL - Larus michahellis Scarce visitor. All records have been since 1983, although there were reports of birds with bright yellow legs in 1944 and 1950 when the identification criteria were less well known. Increased observer awareness has increased sightings of this species in Cornwall. However, the identification of this species is not straightforward, and the assessment of submitted records is one of the Records Committee's most difficult tasks. Birds from the western part of the range of this species are smaller and darker than those found to the east and, consequently, are more difficult to separate from Lesser Black-backed Gull. It is the smaller, darker birds that are most likely to be found in Cornwall, and it is necessary to consider summer plumage L. a. argentatus, hybrid Lesser Black-backed/Herring Gull and light coloured Lesser Black- backed Gull when looking at a gull with yellow legs. Consequently, only records accompanied by acceptable descriptions, or of birds seen by three experienced observers known to the committee, will be included in the report. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 11 8 2 - 1 2 2 7 3 5 6 Camel Est: Adults on 22nd Jan, 11th and 22nd Feb SMC, DIJ: Two adults on 26th - 28th Feb SMC, DIJ: Third cal birds on 28th Feb and 4th Mar SMC, DIJ: An adult and a second cal on 10th Mar SMC: An adult on 11th Apr DIJ, SMC. Colliford Res: Adults on 30th Jul and 24th Nov SMC: A second cal on 24th Nov SMC: Two adults on 29th Dec IK. Crowdy Res: An adult on 7th Sep SMC. Davidstow Airfield: An adult on 7th Oct SMC. Eastern Green Beach: A fourth cal on 31st Jan MKA. Hayle Est: Adults on 14th and 16th Jan LPW, SMC: Two adults on 18th Jan DSF, LPW: One adult onl9th and 23rd Jan DSF, LPW: Two adults on 24th Jan DSF: A third cal on 30th Jan DSF, LPW: An adult on 31st Jan - 1st Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: A third cal on 4th - 7th Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: An adult on 7th Feb LPW: Four adults and two third cal on 8th Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: A second cal on 12th Feb KAW: An adult and a third cal on 15th Feb DSF, 86 LPW, SMC: An adult on 16th Feb DIJ: Three on 19th Feb KAW, LPW: An adult on 20th Feb DSF: An adult and a second year on 23rd Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: An adult on 26th and 27th Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: A third cal on 28th Feb DSF, LPW, SMC: An adult and a second cal on 3rd Mar DSF, LPW, KAW: An adult on 6th Mar LPW: A second cal on 8th Mar DSF: An adult and a third cal on 12th Mar LPW, TSH: An adult on 17th Mar LPW: An adult and a second cal on 20th Mar DSF: A second cal on 22nd - 23rd Mar LPW, KAW: An adult on 28th and 29th Mar SMC, LPW: A second cal on 29th Mar KAW: Adults on 7th Jun, 6th - 10th Sep, 24th - 25th Sep and 3rd Nov DSF, LPW, DJC: A third cal on 7th Nov LPW: Adults on 17th Nov and 14th and 21st Dec LPW. Loe Pool: An adult on 24th Oct SK. Nanjizal/Polgigga/ Trethewey: Adults on 22nd and 29th Apr KAW (Photographs in centre pages): A first cal on 16th Sep KAW: A second cal on 24th Sep KAW: First cal birds on 26th Oct and 8th and 12th Dec KAW. Par: A fourth cal on 8th Mar SMC: A second cal on 26th Mar RL. Porthcurnick Beach: One on 30th Dec GSG. Sennen: A third cal and a first cal on 4th Sep MTE. Siblyback Res: Adults on 12th Jul SMC, 27th Aug GRW, MW, 16th Sep GDL and 24th Nov and 6th Dec SMC. St John's Lake: An adult on 18th Aug RWG. Stithians Res: A fourth cal on 8th Feb SMC, BMP.

ICELAND GULL - Larus glaucoides Scarce winter visitor and rare passage migrant. Estimating the number of individual birds can be extremely difficult when they spend several weeks or months in an area, move extensively around the area and return to sites periodically. Only by making detailed notes of plumage details can observers identify individuals, keep track of their movements and calculate how many birds are involved in the sightings. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 4 5 2 1 - - - - - 1 1 Cot Valley: A first cal on 2nd Dec BSW. Drift Res: A second cal on 30th Mar BSW: A first cal on 24th Nov SGR, MWa. Gannel Est: A second cal on 25th and 27th Feb SGR, SMC. Hayle Est: A second cal on 19th Feb KAW: A third cal on 29th Mar LPW. Helston Boating Lake: One on 31st Mar BSW. Higher Tregiffian: A second cal on 12th Apr SMC. Loe Pool: A second cal on 10th Mar BKM. Nanjizal: A third cal on 29th Mar: A second cal on 11th and 15th Apr, and 5th May KAW. Polgigga: A second cal on 19th Apr, 5th and 7th May MDW. Porthcurno: A second cal on 6th May JL. Porthgwarra: A second cal on 21st Apr DSF. Sennen: A second cal on 11th Feb, 8th, 10th and 11th Mar and 16th Apr KAW, GRW, MW, JL. St Buryan: A second cal on 10th April KAW. Trethewey: A second cal on 16th Mar and 7th May KAW. It appears very likely that one bird was responsible for the spring reports from Nanjizal, Polgigga, Porthcurno, Porthgwarra, Sennen, St Buryan and Trethewey. There are periodic influxes of this species, as indicated by the historic approximate monthly totals shown below.

87 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1971 - - - 2 ------1972 - 1 3 1 ------1973 1 ------1974 1 2 2 2 1 ------1 1975 - 1 2 1 ------1 1976 - 1 ------1977 1 2 1 ------1 1978 - 6 6 6 ------1 1979 1 1 3 2 2 ------1 1980 1 - 1 - 1 ------1981 5 7 5 6 2 - - - - - 1 - 1982 2 5 5 3 2 ------3 1983 10 13 7 7 2 ------5 1984 29 35 11 2 ------1 1985 2 6 3 3 ------1 1986 1 2 1 - - 2 - - - - - 1 1987 1 1 1 ------1 - - 1988 5 6 6 1 1 ------2 1989 3 2 1 1 ------1 1990 1 - 2 2 ------3 1991 10 5 8 8 2 - 1 1 - - - 4 1992 4 5 4 2 2 2 - - - - - 1 1993 2 5 3 1 1 ------1994 2 3 3 3 2 - - - - - 2 1 1995 2 4 3 1 2 - - - - - 2 - 1996 3 6 3 2 4 - - - - 1 1 2 1997 3 2 3 4 - - - 1 - - 7 4 1998 8 11 5 9 3 2 - - - - 1 1 1999 16 19 2 13 3 4 - 1 - - - 1 2000 8 4 6 1 2 ------2001 - 4 5 2 1 - 1 1 A bird showing characteristics of the form known as Kumlien's Gull L. g. kumlienii was noted as follows: Hayle Est: A fourth cal on 20th Mar LPW et al. The county mainland record total is now c. 8 since 1979. Previous records were of adults in Mount's Bay in 1979, at Newquay in 1996, on the Hayle Estuary and the Camel Estuary in 1998, at Drift Reservoir in 1999, and at Hayle Estuary and Siblyback Reservoir in 2000. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 2 5 1 ------

GLAUCOUS GULL - Larus hyperboreus Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant. Estimating the number of individual birds can be extremely difficult when they spend several weeks or months in an area, move extensively around the area and return to sites periodically. Only by making detailed notes of plumage details can observers identify individuals, keep track of their movements and calculate how many birds are involved in the sightings. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 5 3 6 1 ------Camel Est: Two second cal on 23rd Feb DFK: A second cal on 10th Mar SMC.

88 Gannel Est: A second year on 21st Apr SGR. Hannafore: A second cal on 12th Jan RMB: A second cal on 15th Apr DCg. Hayle Est/Copperhouse Creek: A second cal on 31st Jan - 1st Feb, 15th - 16th Feb, 21st and 27th Feb, 1st and 12th Mar LPW, DSF, SMC, KAW, TSH: An adult on 12th Feb BSW: One on 6th May JDJ. Helston Boating Lake: A first cal on 10th - 11th Mar, and 3rd and 7th Apr SFE, SK, DE. Land's End: A second year on 19th - 20th and 25th Apr was presumably the Sennen bird MWa. Loe Pool: A second year on 16th - 17th and 28th Feb DIJ, RCL, RK, SFE, BKM. Looe: A second year on 15th Apr BSW. Marazion Beach: A second cal on 28th Feb PAF: A second cal on 12th, 24th and 26th Apr PAF. Sennen Cove: A second year on 18th Apr DE. As with Iceland Gull, there are periodic influxes of this species that often occur during a similar period. The historic approximate monthly totals are shown below. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1971 2 1 ------1 - 1972 1 - 2 1 ------2 1973 1 ------1974 6 6 1 1 - - - - - 1 - 3 1975 - - 1 ------1 1 1976 1 2 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 3 - 1977 5 4 3 4 ------1 1978 20 20 19 19 ------3 3 1979 11 9 10 5 5 5 - - - 1 2 2 1980 9 9 9 8 5 - - - - 1 2 2 1981 10 10 10 5 3 - - - - - 1 2 1982 1 1 1 ------3 6 1983 10 7 7 ------3 1 - 1984 7 13 8 3 1 - 1 - 1 - - 3 1985 3 6 3 2 3 1 1 - - - 2 4 1986 18 8 2 2 3 1 - - - - 1 - 1987 2 2 3 1 1 ------1988 10 4 3 2 ------1 1989 2 5 1 - 1 ------1990 - 5 1 1 - - - - 1 1 - 1 1991 6 5 5 1 2 2 - - - 2 2 1 1992 1 2 2 2 - - - 1 - - - 1 1993 2 4 - 2 - - - - - 1 - 1994 3 4 1 ------2 1 1995 4 4 4 1 - - - 1 - - 1 1 1996 9 6 5 5 - - - - 1 2 1 1 1997 2 3 3 5 3 1 - - 1 - 2 1998 13 13 8 10 4 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1999 4 9 10 8 ------1 2000 3 3 4 3 1 2 1 - - - - 1 2001

GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL - Larus marinus Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers were well below the average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 607 887 816 202 108 98 150 270 567 656 504 527

89 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 274 614 515 16 6 3 121 63 108 141 142 141 Drift Res. 12 21 10 6 6 4 8 8 13 41 30 27 Gannel Est. - 32 22 - 3 - 9 72 42 65 60 22 Hayle Est. 68 95 67 26 4 2 - 43 20 85 102 18 Looe Est. 100 - 137 125 73 72 - - 304 - 67 248 Lynher Est. 7 8 12 5 1 3 2 1 7 13 23 12 Mount's Bay 3 1 27 14 1 - 2 - 13 1 - - Rame Head 84 55 - - 9 13 - 41 41 - 66 44 St Austell Bay 11 5 19 9 - - - - - 5 - - St Ives Bay 20 - 4 ------St John's Lake 15 12 - - - - 4 - 2 4 6 1 Tamar Est. - Upp< ------11 3 8 10 Other reports include: Ruan Lanihorne: 100 on 16th Oct. Talland Bay: 280 on 6th Oct.

KITTIWAKE - Rissa tridactyla Breeding summer visitor, abundant passage migrant and winter visitor. The only large count of the year was at Cape Cornwall in November. Reports include: Cape Cornwall: 15,000 on 6th Nov. Carbis Bay: 500 on 3rd and 7th May. Hayle Est: 500 on 2nd Jan. Newquay: 504 on 11th Jul. Pendeen Watch: 734 on 26th Oct: 2,430 on 31st Oct: 556 on 7th Nov. Rame Head: 594 on 23rd Feb. St Ives Island: 576 on 7th Nov. Trevose Head: 672 on 17th May: 6,174 on 31st Oct: 752 on 5th Nov: 1,381 on 6th Nov.

SANDWICH TERN - Sterna sandvicensis Common passage migrant and rare winter visitor. There was a good passage of birds in spring with higher numbers than usual in March. There were also good numbers in July, August and October, but the passage in September was lower than usual. The earliest report during the last 25 years (excluding the over-wintering birds in 1979 and 1991) was on 4th February 1995 on the Hayle Estuary, and the latest also on the Hayle Estuary on 29th November 2000. The earliest report this year was on 9th March at Hannafore, and the latest at Porthpean on 27th November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 335 505 123 79 242 768 197 364 1 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. - - 11 6 - - 35 59 30 3 - - Hayle Est. - - 10 35 - 4 11 38 9 18 - - Mounts Bay - - 17 11 10 19 9 6 12 1 - - Pendeen Watch ------9 9 - 150 - - Porthgwarra - - - 11 - 11 8 5 - 3 - - Sennen Cove - - 11 9 - - _ _ 8 _ _

90 St Austell Bay - - 21 22 12 9 20 12 7 6 1 St. Ives Bay - - 42 6 - - 5 36 16 35 St John's Lake - - - - - 2 12 50 2 3 _ Trevose Head - - 9 31 7 - - 6 3 27 _ Whitsand Bay - - 18 28 18 3 - - - 6 - -

ROSEATE TERN • Sterna Dougallii Scarce passage migrant. Hayle Est: A first cal on 1st Oct KAW. St John's Lake/Torpoint: One on 17th Jul SCM. Trevose Head: One on 25th May SMC. The county mainland total now stands at c. 801. The number of reports has reduced steadily over the last thirty years, reflecting the reduction seen at breeding sites in the north Atlantic. Most reports have come from St Ives, although relatively few have been reported at that site during the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 32 126 36 130 151 284 41 - *one undated

COMMON TERN - Sterna hirundo Passage migrant. Numbers fluctuate greatly from year to year, 'good' years usually resulting from particularly large day counts e.g. five hundred birds were reported past St. Ives on 30th September 1978 and five hundred on 30th August 1980. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 21st March 1996 at St. Ives, and the latest was also at St. Ives on 26th November 1982. The earliest report this year was on 25th March in Sennen Cove, and the latest at St Ives on 26th October. There were no particularly large flocks and numbers were below average for the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 22 65 3 22 144 16 14 - Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est ------4 3 - - - Hayle Est. ------3 38 - 1 - - Mount's Bay - - - 3 2 1 1 9 1 1 - - Porthgwarra - - - 1 - - 2 5 2 1 - - St Austell Bay - - - 2 1 - 1 9 1 1 - - St. Ives Bay ------6 26 1 2 - - Trevose Head - - - 5 27 - - 1 1 1 - - Other reports include: St John's Lake: Ten on 16th Aug.

ARCTIC TERN - Sterna paradisaea Uncommon passage migrant. Numbers vary considerably from year to year, doubtless reflecting weather conditions during their migration. The largest day count during the past twenty-five years was two hundred past St. Ives on 2nd September 1988.

91 The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 3rd April at Killigerran Head, and the latest at St. Ives on 23rd November 1986. This year the earliest were at Hannafore, Land's End and Landulph on 22nd April, and the latest on 26th October at St Ives. Numbers this year were a little below the average of the last ten years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ - 13 12 - 1 10 19 47 - - Cape Cornwall: A first cal on 12th Sep. Cremyll: An adult on 9th Oct. Daymer Bay, Camel Est: One on 19th Oct. Downderry: Nine on 24th Apr: One on 18th Aug. Fistral Bay: Two on 12th May. Gannel Est: One on 13th Sep and three on 17th Sep. Hannafore Point: One on 22nd Apr: Two on 21st Sep: An adult on 30th Sep: One on 1st Oct: Three on 7th Oct. Land's End: One on 22nd Apr: Two on 2nd May: Three on 18th Aug. Landulph: One on 22nd Apr. Mount's Bay: One on 12th May: First cal birds on 7th, 8th and 12th Oct. Newquay: One on 1st Oct: Sixteen on 8th Oct. Pendeen Watch: Four on 13th Sep. Pentire Point East: One on 13th Sep. Porthcurno: One on 11th Oct. Porthgwarra: One on 4th Aug: Two on 13th and 19th Aug: Singles on 10th and 19th Oct. Sennen Cove: Two on 9th Oct: Two first cal on 11th Oct. St Ives: Singles on 28th Apr and 13th Sep: Two on 7th Oct: A first year on 26th Oct. St Johns Lake: One on 31st Jul and 1st Aug: Seven on 2nd Oct. Trevose Head: Six on 13th May: One on 25th May: Four on 6th Sep: One on 15th Sep: Four on 8th Oct.

LITTLE TERN - Sterna albifrons Uncommon passage migrant. There are considerable variations in annual numbers, between two hundred and nineteen in 1986 and thirteen in 1996, with an average of fifty-four per annum since 1977. However, this year's total of thirty-two is only slightly below the average of thirty-five for the last fifteen years. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 3rd April 1983 at Mevagissey, and the latest at Clodgy Point on 23rd October 1977. The earliest this year was on 18th April at Trevose Head, and the latest over the Gannel Estuary on 19th Sep. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 14 - - 1 16 1 - - - Camel Est: One on 15th Jul: Two on 7th Aug: Six on 25th Aug: Two on 26th Aug. Gannel Est: One on 19th Sep. Gwithian: Three on 19th Apr. Hannafore: Seven on 22nd Apr. Par Bay: Two on 22nd Apr: One on 30th Aug. Porth Kidney Beach: Four on 18th Aug. St Ives Bay: One on 31st Aug. Trevose Head: Two on 18th Apr.

92 2000: Par: Two on 19th Apr.

BLACK TERN - Chlidonias niger Uncommon passage migrant.

There are considerable variations in annual numbers, between two hundred and five in 1997 and eighteen in 1991, with an average of ninety-one per annum since 1977. Only forty-five birds were reported this year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 12th April at the Upper Tamar Reservoir, and the latest at Tresillian on 3rd November 1994. The earliest report this year was on 14th May at Land's End, and the latest at Maer Lake and Pendeen Watch on 31 st Oct. Black Tern (Kester Wilson) Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 1 - - 12 4 28 - - Camel Est: One on 26th Aug: Four on 8th Oct. Colliford Res: One on 20th Aug. Dozmary Pool: One on 29th Sep. Drift Res: One on 2nd - 3rd Oct commuted between the reservoir and Nanjizal. One on 14th Oct. Hayle Est: One on 10th Oct: Six on 16th Oct: One on 18th Oct: Three on 25th Oct. Land's End: One on 14th May. Loe Pool: One on 29th Aug. Lower Tamar Lake: Two on 13th Sep. Maer Lake Two on 24th - 31st Oct. Nanjizal: One on 30th Sep - 3rd Oct. Pendeen Watch: Two on 19th Aug: Three on 20th Aug: One on 8th Oct: Two on 9th Oct: One on 31st Oct. Porthgwarra: One on 21st Aug: Two on 23rd Aug: One on 24th Oct. Sennen Cove: One on 11th Oct. St Ives Bay: Two on 20th - 22nd Oct. Stithians Res: One on 27th - 28th Aug.

COMMON GUILLEMOT - Uria aalge Breeding summer resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. No large counts were reported this year. Reports include: Carbis Bay: 100 on 3rd and 7th Jan: 200 on 13th Jan. Hell's Mouth: Eighty-two on 2nd Jun. Porthgwarra: 114 on 21st May: 100 on 25th Oct: 108 on 30th Oct. Trevelgue Head: Sixty on 4th Jul.

RAZORBILL - Alca torda Breeding summer resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers were better than last year.

93 Reports include: Carbis Bay: 500 on 3rd Jan: 800 on 5th and 7th Jan: 300 on 13th Jan. Killigerran Head: 165 on 17th Oct. Newquay: 138 on 4th Apr. Pendeen Watch: 1,100 on 24th Oct. Porthgwarra: 171 on 21st May: 178 on 23rd Oct: 110 on 24th Oct: 324 on 25th Oct: 282 on 30th Oct. Rinsey Head: 200 on 2nd Oct. 2000 Pendeen Watch: 122 on 26th Oct and 183 on 27th Oct.

AUK sp. (Common Guillemot or ) Reports include: Cape Cornwall: 20,000 on 6th Nov: 10,000 on 9th Nov. Pendeen Watch: 2,205 on 24th Oct: 8,800 on 31st Oct: 1,615 on 7th Nov. Porthgwarra: 1,100 on 10th Oct. St Ives: 2,415 on 7th Nov. Trevose Head: 1,332 on 8th Oct: 15,678 on 31st Oct: 1,854 on 5th Nov: 6,564 on 6th Nov: 1,158 on 5th Dec.

BLACK GUILLEMOT - Cepphus grylle Rare visitor, sometimes over-wintering. Carbis Bay: One on 1st Jan GH: One on 19th Oct BSW. Helford River: A second cal on 21 st Mar - 3rd May SFE et al. Mount's Bay: A second cal on 13th - 21st Jan PAD et al. Sennen Cove: One on 14th Oct BCM. St Anthony Head: One on 9th Feb DIJ. The mainland total now stands at c. 70 since 1930. St Ives Bay remains the most popular site with sixteen records. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 15 8 4 7 2 2 - - 4 10 8 10

LITTLE AUK - Alle alle Scarce passage migrant and winter visitor. Records of this species are very weather dependant. There were obviously some 'good blows' in 1979 when St. Ives recorded one hundred and thirty-two on 15th December, sixty-five on 28th December, fifty-five on 29th December and thirty-four on 31st December, and Porthgwarra had one hundred and fourteen on 11th November. This year was above average as a result of thirty-four birds passing St Ives Island on 8th November. Bissoe: One on 7th Dec BSW. Cape Cornwall: One on 31st Oct MTE: One on 14th Nov MTE. Cot Valley: One on 4th Dec BSW. Pendeen Watch: One on 31st Oct DJC: One on 5th Nov BSW: Three on 7th Nov TSH: Two on 9th Dec MWa. Porthgwarra: One on 5th Feb JL. Rame Head: one on 17th Nov EJW. St Ives Island: Two on 7th Nov SMC, BMP: Thirty-four on 8th Nov MWa, PAF, JL. 94 Towan Head: Two on 1st Dec TSH. Trevose Head: One on 31st Oct SMC: One on 5th Nov SMC: One on 6th Nov SMC. The county mainland total increases to c. 1,454 since 1943. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 117 134 39 3 - 1 - - 4 116 506 534

PUFFIN - Fratercula arctica Scarce breeding summer resident, uncommon passage migrant and unusual winter visitor. Reports include: Cape Cornwall/The Brisons: Reported 2nd Jun to 14th Jul with a maximum of nine on 14th Jul. Porthgwarra: Ten on 29th Jun: Fourteen on 10th Jul: Fifteen on 21st Jul. Rumps Point, Pentire: Ten on 30th May: Fifteen on 7th Jul. The Mouls: Nine on 9th Jul. Trevose Head: eight on 13th Jun.

FERAL PIGEON / ROCK DOVE - Columba livia Breeding resident. Pure Rock Doves are unlikely to have survived inter-breeding with feral pigeons. The numbers reported this year were higher than last year Reports include: Camel Estuary: Sixty-seven on 13th Nov: Seventy-four on 28th Nov. Colliford Res: Sixty-one on 2nd Jun. Saltash: 160 on 13th Jan. Trenance Lake: Sixty on 24th Feb: Ninety-one on 17th Mar: Ninety-three on 22nd Dec.

STOCK DOVE - Columba oenas Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers reported were low during the first ten months of the year, with the exception of May, but high numbers were reported in November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 21 21 3 13 9 23 13 43 32 58 2,698 120 Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr M ay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Camel Est. 1 3 5 3 3 27 3 2 2 - Crowdy Res - - - 2 - 4 - 1 - 38 - Drift Res. _ 4 - - - 3 2 4 - 16 5 Nanjizal _ - - _ 1 - - - 10 150 - Porthgwarra ______- 24 1,488 - Sancreed _ _ _ 6 2 - - _ _ 305 - Sennen _ _ _ _ _ 250 32 Other reports include: Catchall: Thirty on 23rd Dec. Crows-an-Wra: Twenty-two on 24th Dec. Kenidjack: 120 on 5th Nov. Land's End: 200 on 4th Nov.

95 Lizard Point: Forty on 3rd Nov. Loe Pool: Forty-two on 14th Dec. Trelion: Forty-five on 9th Nov.

WOOD PIGEON - Columba palumbus Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers were low in the first quarter, but there was a large passage in November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 84 25 5 58 111 29 6 6 28 457 34,149 187 Reports include: Camel Est: 160 on 22nd Oct. Four Lanes End: 470 on 10th Nov. Fraddon: 350 on 9th Nov. Goonhilly Downs: 1,132 on 3rd Nov. Higher Lampetho: 200 on 27th Sep. Marazion Marsh: 600 on 14th Nov. Nanjizal: 2,000 on 15th Nov. Porth Reservoir: 3,000 on 15th Nov. Porthgwarra: 11,532 on 2nd Nov. Rame Head: 6,510 on 9th Nov. Rumford: 1,400 on 11th Nov. Sancreed: 9,630 on 11th Nov. Sennen: 1,200 on 11th Nov. Trelion: 140 on 9th Dec.

COLLARED DOVE - Streptopelia decaocto Resident breeder with some dispersal in spring and autumn. The first Cornish report of this species was of a single bird at Scorrier on 12th May 1961, and there were four other reports in the year including one of a pair carrying nesting material in June. The species spread over much of the county, and continues to flourish with some quite large flocks now being seen on an annual basis. Numbers in autumn were higher than last year. Most of the following reports may relate to the same birds, at least in part, as the sites are no more than one and a half miles apart. The Rame flock was the largest report from other areas. Reports include: Nanjizal: 130 on 25th May. Polgigga: 132 on 18th May. Raftra Farm: Ninety on 1st Jun: Forty on 23rd Aug. Rame Head: Twenty-five on 11th Oct.

St Levan: Ninety-seven on 12th Aug: Seventy-three on 13th Oct.

TURTLE DOVE - Streptopelia turtur Passage migrant and occasional summer resident. Probably bred in 1981, 1978 and 1977. Figures produced by a Nature Conservancy Trust census in 2000 indicated a seventy per cent reduction in the UK population during the previous thirty years, and there have also been fewer birds in the county. Whereas twenty-two were reported at Porthcurno on 18th April 1980, and forty-one on The Lizard on 10th June of the same year, annual totals have been running at less than the number 96 seen on The Lizard on that one day. However, there was a large passage of birds in May resulting in numbers being well above average this year. The earliest report during the last 25 years (excluding birds thought to be wintering in 1985/6 and 1992/3) was on 15th March 1996 at St. Ives, and the latest at Holmbush on 11th November 1984. This year the earliest were on 8th May at Arden-Sawah and Nanjizal, and the latest at Tregeseal on 10th November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 100 8 - 3 10 13 1 - Arden-Sawah: One on 8th May. Chiverton Cross: One on 11th May. Church Cove, Lizard: Two on 19th May: Singles on 21st May and 10th Jun: Two on 17th Aug: Singles on 6th and 18th Oct. Cot Valley: One on 9th Nov. Coverack: Two on 16th May. Crows-an-Wra: One on 24th May. Gribbin Head: One on 21st Sep. Kelynack: Seven on 13th May and two on 14th May. Land's End: One on 10th May: Seven on 12th May: Eight on 13th May: One on 14th May: One on 23rd May. Lizard Point: One on 27th Sep. Marazion Marsh: One on 13th May: Three on 23rd May: Two on 30th and 31st May: One on 1st Jun. Military Road, Penlee: One on 5th Jun. Nanjizal: One on 8th May: Three on 12th May: Singles on 19th and 21st May: Three on 22nd May: Four on 23rd May: Six on 24th May: Four on 25th May: Three on 10th Jun: Singles on 16th Sep, 21st - 22nd Sep, 30th Sep and 2nd Oct. Penmillard, Rame: Two on 22nd - 27th Sep: One on 11th Oct. Polgigga: One on 18th May: One on 5th Oct: Two on 8th Oct. Porthgwarra: One on 11th May: Two on 12th May: One on 21st May: Three on 30th May: One on 28th Oct. Raftra Farm: Singles on 4th and 8th Oct. Rame Head: Singles on 13th and 31st May: Two on 22nd Sep: One on 11th Oct. Sancreed: Three on 13th May. Sennen Cove: Two on 12th May: One on 9th Jun: One on 15th Oct. Skewjack: Three on 12th May were perhaps the same birds seen at Nanjizal: Seven on 13th May. St Just: One on 4th Oct. St Just Airfield: Four on 13th May. St Levan: One on 12th May. Tollgate, Wadebridge: One on 14th May. Tregeseal: One on 10th Nov. Trengwainton Gardens: One on 17th Jun. Trethewey: Two on 29th Sep. Trevilley, Sennen: Four on 13th May: Four on 23rd May. Trevose Head: One on 13th May: Two on 25th May. Trewithian: One on 21st May. Walmsley Sane: One on 30th Aug.

97 GREAT SPOTTED CUCKOO - Clamator glandarius Very rare vagrant. Land's End: One on 25th Mar CCB et al. (Videograb in centre pages) With foot and mouth disease restrictions in force it was fortunate that the bird chose this restriction free site to land upon its arrival in Cornwall. The county mainland total is now c. 8 since 1968. Previous records were at Stithians Reservoir in 1968, at Stithians Reservoir again in 1970, at Gwithian in 1973, at Porthgwarra in 1978, at Pentire and St Just Airfield in 1979 and the Camel Estuary in 1982. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 4 1 - - 1 1 - - -

COMMON CUCKOO - Cuculus canorus Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. The first birds this year were located at Boscundle and Trevose Head on 21st April, and the last were at Nanjizal on 29th August. Twice as many birds were reported this year than were present last year, taking numbers back to the level seen or heard in 1999. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 15 60 32 2 3 - - - Reports include: Boscundle: One on 21st Apr. Croft Pascoe: Three on 3rd and 12th Jun. Land's End: Three on 19th and 23rd May. Nanjizal: Three on 8th May: Two on 29th Aug. Ninestones: Three on 7th May. Porthgwarra: Four on 29th May. Trevose Head: One on 21st Apr. Wilsey Down Plantation: Three on 3rd Jun.

BARN OWL - Tyto alba Scarce breeding resident with some dispersal. Loss of breeding sites, the destruction of habitat and increased road traffic has a detrimental effect on this vulnerable species. There were reports from one hundred locations, of which six reports were of dead birds. Breeding was reported at fourteen sites, and birds nested at two other sites where there was no proof of breeding. There was an increase of eighty-four per cent in the number of birds reported by comparison with last year. All of the reports away from breeding sites were of single birds, apart from the following: Bodrifty: Two on 17th Dec. Bosullow Common: Two on 11th Dec. Kilkhampton: Two on 7th Sep. Liskeard: Two on 14th Jan. Men-an-Tol: Three on 5th Nov. Mullion: Two on 23rd Oct.

98 Newbridge, Penzance: Two on 21st Aug. Treago Farm: Two on 8th Jun. Trewithian: Two on 1st Jan.

LITTLE OWL - Athene noctua Very scarce breeding resident. The 1937 report mentions that this species was 'black listed' by Somerset, Devon and Cornwall County Councils for up to five years on unscientific evidence (there was even a theory that they killed birds and mammals in order to later enjoy a feast of carrion beetles at the corpse) and that it had become a rare bird in Cornwall. This species remains a rare sight in the county today. There was an increase in reports in the early part of the 1990's, but numbers have reduced since. Birds were reported from eight sites, two less than last year, but the number of reports was reduced by more than half. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 3 - - 1 1 1 2 1 - 2 1 Carnmenellis: Singles reported on 17th Feb, 5th May, 12th Aug and 26th Aug SMC, SFE, WS. Cotehele: One on 26th Nov BD. Pelynt: One on 29th Jun SBE. Pentire Farm, Pentire Point: Singles on 27th Jan, 22nd Aug and 23rd Sep SMC, BMP GRW, MW. Rame Barton: Two on 15th Feb AECA. Ruan High Lanes: One on 1st Nov - 1st Dec GSG. St Cleer Downs: One on 28th Jan RMF. White Alice, Porkellis: One on 13th Jul GHT.

EURASIAN SCOPS OWL - Otus scops Extremeley rare vagrant. 1952 & 1953: The BBRC raritie committee have carried out a review of records and both these reports have been rejected. The mainland total is now c. 2 since 1974. A bird was hit by a car at Saltash on 18th May 1974 and died six days later, and one was on Henna Cliff at Morwenstow on 9th - 11th April 1995. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------1 1 - -

TAWNY OWL - Strix aluco Widespread breeding resident. Figures produced by a Nature Conservancy Trust census in 2000 indicated a thirty-three per cent increase in the UK population, following a fifteen per cent decline over the previous twenty-five years. There were reports from forty locations, one more than last year, and there was a twenty-two per cent increase in the number of reports. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20 8 9 4 10 5 2 1 4 9 8 2 Reports include: Church Cove, Lizard: Three on 8th Mar. Newlyn East: Four on 20th May. 99 Polgigga: Five on 20th Oct. Porthpean: Three on 5th Feb. St Newlyn East: Four on 20th May: One on 4th Jun. Trewithian: Present all year with a maximum of five birds.

LONG-EARED OWL - Asio otus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Occasionally breeds. Seen every year since 1975, with the exception of 1981, 1982 and 1986. Nanjizal: A pale bird on 5th Nov: A rufous bird on 6th Nov KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 2nd Oct PHA. The county mainland total is now c. 112 since 1933. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 9 10 8 7 2 5 - 10 3 21 16 18 * three undated

SHORT-EARED OWL - Asio flammeus Uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. Monthly totals since 1977 show fluctuations between years but no particular trend. There were reports from twenty-three locations, eleven more than last year and two more than in 1999. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 1 1 - - - 3 9 19 5 Adams Hill, St Bury an: One on 9th Nov. Bartinney Downs: Two on 15th Nov and one on 19th Nov. Blarrick: One on 20th Oct. Bosullow Common: Singles on 18th Nov and 14th Dec. Brew, Sennen: One on 23rd Nov. Cot Valley: One on 17th Nov. Crowdy Res: One on 17th Nov. Gear Common, Zennor: One on 15th Nov. Goonhilly Downs: One on 4th Nov. Kelsey Head: One on 27th Oct. Kynance Cove: One on 5th May. Maer Lake: One on 12th - 13th Dec. Men-an-Tol: Present 2nd Nov - 1st Dec with maximum four on 11th Nov. Morwenstow: One on 1st Nov and 6th - 10th Dec. Mullion: One on 21st Oct. Nanjizal: Two on 24th Sep. Nanquidno: One on 19th Oct. Penlee Point, Rame: One on 22nd - 29th Oct. Porthgwarra: One on 19th Oct, two on 20th Oct and one on 21 st - 22nd Oct: Singles on 10th and 18th November and 4th Dec. Sennen: Singles on 16th Oct, 23rd and 26th Nov. Tregonetha Downs: Singles on 21st Oct and 11th Nov. Trevose Head: One found dead on 16th Apr: Singles on 24th Sep and 11th Nov. Trewey Common: One on 3rd Mar.

100 NIGHTJAR - Caprimulgus europaeus Scarce breeding summer visitor and rare passage migrant. The Nightjar was formerly a more common breeding species in the county, but is now restricted to a small number of sites. There appears to have been an increase in numbers during recent years. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 28th April 1993 at Boswednack, and the latest at Nanjizal on 21st October 1996. The first report this year was on 20th May on The Lizard and the last on 28th August in West Penwith. Reports away from breeding areas were one at Polgigga on 22nd Aug and one at Porthtowan Valley on 26th Jul. Breeding season information was received from the following areas. Figures represent maximum number of 'churring' males. 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Bodmin Moor 1 3 5 4 1 3 3 Lizard - Site 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 Site 2 - 2 3 2 - - Newquay 1 2 2 - 1 - - St. Austell - Site 1 2 - 1 2 1 1 Site 2 1 Site 3 2 Site 4 1 Site 5 1 Site 6 3 West Penwith - Site 1 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 Site 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 Total *11 20 15 14 10 10 13 (*The collection of data was affected by foot and mouth disease restrictions.)

COMMON SWIFT - Apus apus Passage migrant and breeding summer visitor. The earliest bird this year was on 5th April at Trevose Head, and the latest on 4th September at Maer Lake. Numbers were higher than last year, but not as high as the previous year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 174 1,281 1,016 990 138 1 - - - Reports include: Camel Est: 400 on 14th Jul. Colliford Res: 110 on 2nd Jun. Lizard Point: 100 on 10th May. Marazion Marsh: 100 on 30th May: 200 on 6th Jun. Nanjizal: 110 on 20th May. Pentewan: 100 on 4th Jul.

ALPINE SWIFT - Apus melba Rare vagrant. Porthmeor Beach, St Ives: One on 8th Apri JCke et al.

101 The mainland total is now c. 19 since 1969. Records are well spread, but with most along the south coast. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ 1 8 3 1 2 1 1 2 - -

SWIFT Sp. Gribbin Head: One on 21st Oct. Nanquidno: One on 19th Oct.

COMMON KINGFISHER - Alcedo atthis Scarce breeding resident, migrant, some dispersal and winter visitor. Reports were received from seventy-two sites, more than the last two years but less than 1998. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 26 7 2 2 1 4 23 26 23 21 21 20 Reports include: Drift Res: Three on 1st Aug. Ruan Lanihorne: Present all year with a maximum of three birds. Sladebridge: Three on 24th Jul.

EUROPEAN BEE-EATER - Merops apiaster Vagrant. Kelynack: Four on 13th - 14th May AMJD, DIJ, SK. (Videograb in centre pages) Land's End: Four on 12th May RA, CA, KAW. Porthgwarra: Four on 15th May MWa. The same birds are presumed to be responsible for all the records. The county mainland total increases to c. 76 since 1956, but there have only been records in seventeen years as there have been a number of multiple occurrences. The largest influx was is 1985 when fifteen birds were seen at Porthgwarra on 26th May. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 41 26 7 - 1 - 1 -

HOOPOE - Upupa epops Scarce drift migrant. The average number of records in the 1970's was seven per annum, increasing to almost thirteen in the 1980's and to fourteen in the 1990's. The highest annual number was twenty-nine in 1996. This year's total of eight birds falls well below the average of the previous twenty years. Carnworthy Water: One on 6th Apr BTC. Duckpool: One on 8th Apr FHCK. Porthcurno: One on 17th - 18th Oct BSW. Porthgwarra: One on 25th - 26th Aug BD, LJP, MWa, GH: One on 15th - 17th Oct WS, MWa, TSH. Praa Sands: One on 1st Apr Mrs Hi. Tresmeer: One on 30th Mar - 3rd Apr and 8th Apr RJn, SMC, BMP: One on 6th - 9th Apr AMJD.

102 2000: Ruan Minor: One on 22nd Mar ML. The county mainland total is now c. 504 since 1932. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 7 95 220 71 16 7 15 34 25 11 - *three undated

WRYNECK - Jynx torquilla Scarce passage migrant. The average number of records in the 1970's was less than five per annum, increasing to almost twelve in the 1980's and to just over fourteen in the 1990's, catching up with and then surpassing Hoopoe. The highest annual total was twenty-eight in 1988. Drift Res: One on 16th May BSW. Kenidjack: One on 29th Sep SGR. Kynance Cove: One on 2nd Oct MT. Nanjizal: Singles on 29th Sep and 9th Oct BSW. Nanquidno: One on 25th Aug SML, MCH, MWa: One on 1st Oct BSW. Newlyn: One on 1st Sep BSW. Porthgwarra: One on 29th Sep BSW. Tolgus: One on 3rd Sep BKM. Trembath: One on 1st Sep BD. Trevose Head: One on 29th Sep SMC. Trewellard: One on 20th Oct NRP. 2000: Carnanton: This record was incorrectly entered in the report. The county mainland total is now c. 362 since 1946. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - 2 17 12 1 1 38 215 70 5 -

GREEN WOODPECKER - Picus viridus Breeding resident. Reports were received from seventy-three sites. All reports were of one or two birds apart from the following: Ponts Mill: Four on 21st Jun. Poughill, Bude: Three on 19th Feb. Stratton: Three on 19th Feb. Trembath: Four on 16th Jul: Three on 1st Sep and 18th Dec.

GREAT SPOTTED WOODPECKER - Dendrocopos major Breeding resident, with some dispersal. Reports were received from eighty-three sites. Numbers reported this year were higher than last year. No more than two birds were reported at any site other than the following: Dunmere Wood: Three on 17th Jun. Loe Pool: Four on 18th Feb and three on 1st Dec.

103 LESSER SPOTTED WOODPECKER - Dendrocopos minor Rare resident. Perran-ar-Worthal: One in spring SV. It has been reported that there has been a seventy-two per cent decline in the national population and, as Cornwall is on the fringe of its normal range, its future in the county must be in doubt

WOOD LARK - Lullula arborea Has bred. A scarce annual visitor. This species was formerly widespread in the county with breeding records from many areas until 1968. There was then a gradual contraction in range and breeding was last confirmed in 1983. However the national population has been expanding recently and, with birds breeding over the border in Devon, a re-colonisation is not impossible. Certainly, there has been an appreciable increase in the number of records during the last ten years, albeit with disappointing numbers this year. Adams Hill, St Buryan: Two on 13th Jan JL. Nanquidno: One on 28th Oct BSW. Porthgwarra: Two on 20th Oct GSB, JDB, KC, SMC, WF, JNW, MKW: One on 2nd Nov SMC. Sennen: One on 16th and 18th Oct MWa. Trebah: Four on 13th Jan JL. Trethewey: One on 5th Nov KAW. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May J un Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1977 - - - 2 - - 3 - - - 1 - 1978 - - - 3 6 5 - - - 2 - - 1979 - - - 1 5 1 1 - - 10 2 - 1980 1 - - - 1 1 - - - 2 - - 1981 - - - 2 - 2 - - - - 1 - 1982 1 3 - 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - 1983 - - 1 6 7 3 2 - - 2 5 - 1984 - 2 - - 3 1 - - - - 1 - 1985 ------5 4 - 1986 - - 4 5 2 - - - - 2 3 - 1987 - - 1 2 2 1 - - - 6 - - 1988 - 3 ------3 4 - 1989 ------3 1 - 1990 - - - 1 1 - - - 1 5 - 3 1991 1 ------10 - - 1992 - 1 ------4 - 22 1993 31 11 2 - - - - - 33 - - 18 1994 76 28 ------13 28 12 1995 1 8 ------6 78 44 1996 37 18 ------1 14 9 126 1997 11 - 4 - - - - - 2 12 32 1 1998 8 ------3 13 7 1999 - 3 ------6 18 20 - 2000 45 2 ------5 3 1 2001 6 ------4 2

SKY LARK - Alauda avensis Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. The decline of this species in Britain is well documented. Numbers were low during most months of the year. 104 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 497 6 7 18 34 25 9 37 128 1,394 1,239 130 Reports include: Crafthole: Fifty on 20th Oct. Duloe: Fifty-four on 24th Nov. Lizard Point: 150 on 13th Oct: Eighty on 25th Oct: Thirty on 3rd Nov. Mullion: 140 on 21st Oct. Nanjizal: Forty on 27th Oct: Eighty on 1st Nov: Thirty on 15th Nov. Pentire Point: 110 on 7th Jan: Ninety-five on 3rd Nov. Porthgwarra: Forty on 12th Oct: 147 on 20th Oct: 240 on 27th Oct: Ninety-two on 2nd Nov. Reskajeage Downs: 340 on 6th Jan. Sennen: Forty-three onl8thOct: 140 on 25th Oct: 160 on 2nd Nov: Ninety on 13 th Nov: 125 on 16th Dec. St Levan: Sixty-nine on 21st Oct. Trevescan: 150 on 28th Oct: Ninety-five on 23rd Nov. Trevose Head: Eighty on 29th Sep: 280 on 29th Oct: 550 on 13th Nov.

HORNED LARK - Eremophila alpestris Rare drift migrant. Land's End: One on 12th - 13th May MTE et al. The mainland total is now c. 13 since 1938. Nine of the records have been along the coast between Cape Cornwall and Porthgwarra. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 5 - 1 - - 2 - 5 - -

SAND MARTIN - Riparia riparia Passage migrant and breeding summer visitor. A typical year with the spring migration commencing in March and with the biggest movements in April - one feels sorry for these early migrants when the wind inevitably turns, comes from the north and is cold. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 1st March 1978 at Bude, and the latest at Penzance on 24th November 1983. This year the earliest was on 8th March at Maer Lake, and the latest at Forder, Rame Head and St Levan on 9th October. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1,492 21,386 1,440 676 415 193 86 19 - - Reports include: Camel Est: 130 on 5th Apr. Colliford Res: 10,000 on 21st Apr: 500 on 25th Apr. Drift Res: 152 on 1st Apr. Land's End: 552 on 12th Apr. Maer Lake: 120 on 13th Apr: 180 on 28th Apr. Marazion Marsh: 100 on 28th Mar: 150 on 29th Mar: 115 on 1st Apr: 150 on 2nd Apr: 200 on 3rd Apr: 150 on 4th Apr: 150 on 6th Apr: 100 on 12th Apr: 400 on 15th Apr: 100 on 16th Apr: 300 on 17th Apr: 450 on 19th Apr: 500 on 20th Apr: 250 on 22nd Apr: 100 on 23rd Apr: 100 on 25th Apr: 100 on 1st May.

105 Nanjizal: 400 on 1st Apr: 600 on 12th Apr: 200 on 14th Apr: 200 on 21st Apr. Penberth: 130 on 12th Apr. Stithians Res: 100 on 30th Mar. Trethurgy: 220 on 1st Jun. Trevose Head: 329 on 10thApr: 232 on 11thApr: 206 on 14thApr: 297 on 17th Apr: 922 on 21st Apr: 132 on 23rd Apr: 137 on 27th Apr: 412 on 5th May: 162 on 6th May. Walmsley Sane: 100 on 21st Apr: 120 on 4th May. Breeding season records were received for the following colonies. Figures represent number of occupied nest holes: P = present but not counted.

2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 20 ------Carluddon Clay Pits P 20 ------Gunwalloe - 50 ------Hawkstor Clay Pit P ------Kennack Sands 25 ------Lamelgate 4 9 4 6 8 - - - Loe Bar - - 20 P 20 24 10 - Park Clay Pit 90 ------Penwithick P 10 ------Perranuthnoe - 53 20 P 12 15 - - Porth Kidney Beach 8 ------Treskilling Clay Pit 60 20 30 75 46 77 40 30 Trethurgy 110 ------Trewint 8 ------Upper Fowey Valley 4 ------

BARN SWALLOW - Hirundo rustica Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Forms large roosts in early autumn. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 6th February 1989 at Portscatho, and the latest at Par on 30th December 1989, but that excludes an over-wintering bird at Penzance from 6th December 1989 until 14th January 1990 and another bird at Marazion on 14th January 1998 that was also assumed to be over-wintering. The earliest this year were on 23rd February at Rame Head, Trerulefoot and Walmsley Sanctuary (if it is again assumed that the bird at Newlyn on 9th Jan was over-wintering) and the latest at St Austell Sewage Works on 17th December. Numbers this year were higher than during recent years, but the autumn passage was low. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 4 129 4,349 9,498 169 587 1,701 2,686 1,460 42 6 Reports include: Bass Point: 100 on 5th May. Camel Est: 240 on 11th Aug. Drift Res: 300 on 28th Apr: 110 on 1st May. Lizard Point: 250 on 23rd Aug: 550 on 21st Sep: 150 on 24th Sep. Loe Pool: 300 on 20th Sep. Maer Lake: 318 on 25th Apr: 186 on 22nd Aug. Nanjizal 100 on 21st Apr: 200 on 5th May: 150 on 6th May: 100 on 25th Jul. Penlee Point, Rame: 200 on 9th Oct. Ponts Mill: 100 on 19th Apr. Porthgwarra: 256 on 20th Apr: 150 on 5th May: 200 on 27th Aug.

106 Rame Head: 1,000 on 9th Oct. Sancreed: 110 on 20th Apr. Trevose Head: 150 on 17th Apr: 109 on 23rd Apr: 136 on 25th Apr: 252 on 27th Apr: 359 on 29th Apr: 116 on 3rd May: 255 on 4th May: 5,014 on 5th May: 1,627 on 6th May: 130 on 8th May: 430 on 9th May: 175 on 13th May: 113 on 20th May: 109 on 29th Aug: 100 on 15th Sep: 198 on 18th Sep: 168 on 24th Sep. Walmsley Sane: 230 on 9th May: 400 on 5th Sep

RED-RUMPED SWALLOW - Hirundo daurica Very rare vagrant. Land's End: One on 12th May DE et al. Nanjizal: One on 12th May headed towards Land's End KAW. This record increases the mainland total to c. 28 since 1977. This was the first record for Land's End and the second for Nanjizal. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 2 5 5 - - - - 10 6 -

HOUSE MARTIN - Delichon urbica Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Overall numbers this year were about average for recent years. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 15th February 1989, and the latest at 27th December 1988, but there was also an assumed over-wintering bird at Mullion on 17th January 1990. This year saw an even earlier bird on 11th February at Newlyn, and the latest was at Lamorna Cove on 18th November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 2 28 99 1,142 159 319 992 1,456 218 10 - Reports include: Gannel Est: 300 on 7th Aug. Lizard Point: 250 on 23rd Aug: 250 on 21st Sep. Maer Lake: 110 on 1st May - 1st Aug. Pentewan: 100 on 4th Sep. Ponts Mill: 200 on 3rd Sep: 150 on 9th Sep: 100 on 16th Sep. Porthgwarra: 100 on 27th Aug. Rame Head: 100 on 9th Oct. St Austell Sewage Works: 100 on 4th Jul. Trevose Head: 160 on 11th Sep: 100 on 15th Sep: 120 on 19th Sep.

RICHARD'S PIPIT - Anthus novaseelandiae Vagrant, mainly in autumn, and possible passage migrant. There have been reports every year since 1974 with a maximum annual total of thirty-nine in 1994. There are large fluctuations in numbers from year to year. Bosistow/Polgigga: One on 10th - 11th Oct (Presumably the Nanjizal bird) MDW. Boswednack: One on 19th Sep EGG: One on 9th Dec EGG. Brew, Sennen: A first cal on 23rd - 25th Nov KAW. Nanjizal: One on 10th Oct KAW.

107 Penberth: One on 4th Nov RN. Pentire Point west: One on 8th Oct SGR. Porthgwarra: Singles on 11th Oct (presumed to be the Nanjizal bird), 13th Oct, 19th - 20th Oct, 22nd Oct, 27th 28th Oct and 30th Oct MDW, DRu, SMC, JDB, KC, WF, JNW, MKW: St Levan: One on 12th Oct was presumed to be the Nanjizal bird DRu: One on 9th Nov and three on 10th Nov MDW. 2000: Porthgwarra: A second bird on 24th Oct MDW. St Levan: One on 24th Sep MDW. The county mainland total is now c. 363 since 1947. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3 - 4 13 1 - - - 63 207 59 13

LARGE PIPIT Sp.

Lizard Point: Two on 2nd Oct PAF. Nanjizal: A first cal on 25th Sep KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 12th Oct SMC. St Levan: One on 16th Oct NRP.

OLIVE-BACKED PIPIT - Anthus hodgsoni Very rare vagrant. 2000: The bird at St Just was the fourth record for the county mainland as there was an accepted record at St Levan in 1993 in addition to the one at Polgigga. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------3 1 -

TREE PIPIT - Anthus trivialis Passage migrant in small numbers. Breeds in small numbers in east Cornwall. Numbers were low this year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 19th March 1999 at Tregoss Moor, and the latest at Loe Pool on 1st November 1996. This year the earliest was on 27th April at Trevose Head, and the latest at Military Road on 3rd November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 10 24 8 18 32 1 1 Reports include: Bass Point: Singles on 1st and 24th Sep. Bofarnel Downs: Two on 8th Jun. Caerthillian Cove: Three on 23rd Aug. Church Cove, Lizard: Two on 1st Sep. Colliford Res: One on 8th Jun: One on 30th Jul. Dunmere Wood: Two on 26th May: Two on 17th Jun. Great Grogley Downs: One on 29th May: Two on 14th Jul. Halvana Plantation: One on 10th Jun.

108 Hustyn Downs: One on 29th May. Kit Hill: Twelve on 1st Jun: One on 5th Jun: Two on 8th Jul. Lamelgate: Two on 1st Jun. Marazion Marsh: One on 19th Aug: Two on 29th Aug: One on 7th Sep. Military Road, Penlee: One on 3rd Nov. Nanjizal: One on 10th May: Six on 27th Aug: Five on 28th Aug: Eight on 29th Aug: Ten on 1st Sep: Seventeen on 5th Sep: Eight on 9th Sep: Three on 10th Sep. One on 21st Sep: One on 22nc Sep: One on 7th Oct. Newbridge Wood: One on 8th Jun. Pilsamoor, Egloskerry: Two on 14th May. Porthgwarra: Singles on 21st and 23rd Aug. Smallacombe Plantation: Singles on 8th Jun and 15th Jul. Tregoss Moor: Two on 19th Jun. Trevose Head: Singles on 27th Apr, 8th May and 10th May: Two on 11th May: One on 27th Aug. Wilsey Downs Plantation: Two on 3rd Jun.

MEADOW PIPIT - Anthus pratensis Breeding summer resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. The number of wintering birds in the first quarter was below average, but there was a good passage of birds in October. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 214 283 155 7 12 25 134 73 1,622 7,290 744 349 Reports include: Black Head, St Austell: 100 on 9th Oct. Carloggas Downs: Fifty on 17th Sep. Colliford Res: 120 on 30th Jul: Fifty-six on 3rd Nov. Crankan: Sixty on 20th Feb. Downderry: 200 on 9th Oct. Kenidjack: 200 on 10th Oct. Land's End: 210 on 22nd Sep. Lizard Point: 450 on 21st Sep: 100 on 24th and 25th Sep: 150 on 28th Sep: 500 on 13th Oct. Military Road, Penlee: 500 on 9th Oct. Mullion: 200 on 21st Oct. Nanjizal: Fifty on 18th and 21st Sep: Eighty on 9th Oct: 500 on 12th Oct: Sixty and 15th Nov. Nanquidno: Fifty on 17th Oct. Polly Joke Fifty on 9th Oct. Porthgwarra: Seventy on 22nd Sep: 130 on 10th Oct: 1,013 on 12th Oct: 130 on 13th Oct: Fifty-four on 17th Oct: 240 on 19th Oct: 155 on 20th Oct: Sixty-three on 21st Oct: Sixty on 22nd Oct: Ninety-five on 27th Oct: Seventy on 28th Oct. Rame Head: Sixty on 22nd Sep: 500 on 9th Oct: 100 on 18th Oct. Reskajeage Downs: Sixty on 6th Jan. Sennen: 450 on 9th Oct: 300 on 11th Oct: 400 on 12th Oct: Seventy on 17th Oct: 150 on 18th Oct: 100 on 21st Oct. St Agnes Beacon: Fifty-two on 17th Feb. St Austell Sewage Works: Eighty on 10th Jan: Sixty on 24th Dec. St Levan: Eighty-two on 21st Oct. Trevose Head: Eighty-five on 24th Sep: Fifty-five on 29th Sep: Sixty on 9th Oct: 220 on 13th Oct: 120 on 15th Oct: 160 on 29th Oct: Ninety on 5th Nov. Trewithian: Seventy-five on 19th Feb.

109 RED-THROATED PIPIT - Anthus cervinus Very rare vagrant. Nanjizal: One on 22nd - 23rd May KAW. The mainland total is now c. 13 since 1983. There were previous records at Nanjizal in 1996 and 1998, and the first record for the county was nearby at Skewjack in 1983. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ - - 1 2 - - - 1 9 - -

ROCK PIPIT - Anthus petrosus Breeding resident with some dispersal. Rarely seen inland. Few reports are received for this species, and there is little information concerning breeding birds. Reports include: Hayle: Ten on 2nd Jan: Twelve on 18th Jan. Little London: Sixteen on 5th Jan.

WATER PIPIT - Anthus spinoletta Uncommon winter visitor and passage migrant. Bude Marshes: One on 8th Jan SMC. Gwithian: One on 11th Nov DE. Little Gribbin: One on 15th Dec GRW, MW. Maer Lake: One on 9th Jan - 25th Feb GPS: A second bird on 7th Feb DIJ: One on 3rd Nov, 2nd Dec and 23rd Dec SMC, GPS. Ruan Lanihorne: One on 7th Jan SMC. Walmsley Sanctuary, Camel Est: Present 6th Jan - 7th Mar, with a maximum of four on 22nd Jan SMC, DIJ, GRW, MW. One on 22nd Nov and two on 30th Nov SMC. Monthly totals for the past twenty-five years show an increasing trend in the number of reports of this species. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1977 2 1 2 1 - - - - - 1 3 - 1978 2 1 3 5 - - - - - 3 3 . 2 1979 - 2 2 2 ------6 2 1980 2 4 3 2 - - - - - 1 1 3 1981 2 1 ------1 1 1 1982 3 - 1 1 ------5 3 1983 3 4 ------2 2 1 1984 - 3 3 2 ------6 2 1985 4 1 - 1 - - - - - 2 9 9 1986 8 6 6 1 ------2 1987 6 5 6 7 ------3 2 1988 4 5 7 1 - - - - - 1 2 3 1989 8 7 - 2 ------3 3 1990 5 1 16 5 - - - - - 6 8 8 1991 9 6 3 ------2 1 1992 4 2 4 6 - - - - - 1 - 2 1993 4 1 7 3 - - - - - 3 13 14 1994 19 9 3 ------2 7 8 1995 - 1 - 4 - - - - - 4 8 8 110 1996 12 3 5 - 2 - - - - 3 5 4 1997 13 12 9 4 ------2 3 1998 6 9 2 ------5 4 1999 10 6 3 ------1 4 4 2000 6 8 6 ------5 5 2001 7 4 1 ------4 2

YELLOW WAGTAIL - Motacilla flava Passage migrant, uncommon in spring, but forms roosts in autumn. Bred almost annually from 1956 to 1965 but not since. The passage of birds through the county was poor. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 13th March 1993 at Towednack, and the latest at Trevose Head on 7th November 1997. This year the earliest was on 7th April at St Just, and the latest at Nanjizal on 20th Oct. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 6 19 - - 36 29 7 - - Reports include: Gannel Est: Five on 19th Sep. Marazion Marsh: Six on 5th Sep. Nanjizal: One on 20th Oct. St Just: Two on 7th Apr. Tregantle: Twenty-three on 28th Aug. Individuals of the race M. f. flava, known as Blue-headed Wagtail, were noted as follows: Maer Lake: One on 7th May GPS. Marazion Marsh: One on 10th May DSF. Nanjizal: One on 5th May and two on 7th May KAW. Towan Head: One on 12th May SGR. Trevilley: One on 6th May (presumably the Nanjizal bird) BKM. 2000: Arden Sawah: A male on 1st May MDW. An individual showing characteristics of the race M. f. iberiae, known as Spanish Wagtail was noted as follows: Nanjizal: One on 8th - 9th May KAW.

CITRINE WAGTAIL - Motacilla citreola Rare vagrant.

Land's End: A second cal female on 15th - 16th May KAW et al. Surprisingly, Cornwall's first May Yellow- browed Warbler was also present in the same area at the same time - were they retracing their journeys of last autumn? The mainland total is now c. 10 since 1982. Apart from one at Maer Lake in 1997, all the records have been found in the west of the county. Citrine Wagtail (Kester Wilson)

111 Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ _ - - 3 - - 2 5 - - -

GREY WAGTAIL - Motacilla cinerea Breeding resident and winter visitor. Some dispersal, particularly in autumn. Present on suitable sites throughout the county, but there are normally only small numbers at any one site and the species is under-recorded as a result. Numbers reported this year were below the recent average, particularly in September and October, but better than last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 26 23 11 8 20 23 17 15 79 74 45 27 Reports include. Cawsand: Six on 7th Oct. Drift Res: Maximums of seven in Sep, five in Oct and five in Nov. Marazion Marsh: Six on 19th Sep. Nanjizal: Nine on 1st Sep. Newlyn: Five on 27th Jun: Seven on 22nd Jul: Five on 20th Aug: Nine on 21st Sep: Five on 1st Dec. Polgigga: Eight on 2nd Oct. Porth Res: Seven on 11th Nov. Respryn: Five on 10th Oct. St Austell sewage Works: Five on 21st Dec.

PIED WAGTAIL - Motacilla alba Common breeding resident and passage migrant. Forms roosts in autumn and winter. Numbers this year were a little higher than last year. Approximate monthly totals (M. a. yarrellii): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 635 416 206 36 13 19 30 122 122 466 438 696 Reports include: Davidstow Airfield: Sixty-five on 17th Aug. Goonhilly Downs: 121 on 3rd Nov. Higher Lampetho: Fifty on 24th Feb. Liskeard: 120 on 7th Feb. Par: 350 on 6th Jan: Fifty-five on 28th Feb: 250 on 28th Oct: 250 on 24th Nov: 300 on 15th and 23rd Dec. St Austell Sewage Works: 250 on 10th Jan: 150 on 9th Feb: 100 on 6th Mar: 100 on 29th Oct: 150 on 13th Dec: 250 on 16th Dec. St Clement: Fifty on 9th Dec.

Birds of the nominate continental race M. a. alba, known as White Wagtail, that occur as a regular passage migrant in the county, were noted in good numbers as follows: Camel Est: One on 15th Sep. Davidstow Airfield: Singles on 17th Aug and 6th Sep. Downderry: One on 15th Apr. : One on 16th Apr. Hannafore: One on 31st Mar. Hayle Est: Singles on 28th Apr and 17th Sep.

112 Land's End: Singles on 1st and 7th May. Lizard Point: Eight on 4th Sep. Maer Lake: Singles on 14th, 23rd and 29th Apr: Three on 4th May. Marazion Marsh: Four on 30th Apr: Four on 2nd May. Mount's Bay: One on 3rd Apr: Two on 12th Apr: Twenty-five on 19th Apr: Twenty on 1st May. Nanjizal: Two on 7th and 11th April: One on 28th Apr: Two on 30th Apr: Three on 2nd May: Five on 4th May: A pair bred in the county for the first time (possibly two broods) with the pair and four young being seen together on 18th Aug: Eight on 29th Aug: Fifteen on 1st Sep: Fifteen on 9th Sep: Seventeen on 10th Sep: Fifteen on 11th Sep: Nine on 12th Sep: Seven on 15th Sep: Four on 22nd and 24th Sep: Three on 28th Sep. Par: Five on 20th Apr: One on 28th Apr: One on 18th Sep. Pendeen: One on 24th Oct. Polgigga: Eight on 11th Sep: Twenty on 12th Sep. Porthgwarra to Nanjizal: Eighteen on 28th Aug. Sennen: Two on 1st May. St Just Airfield: Two on 23rd Sep. Trevose Head: Singles on 26th Mar, 10th Apr, 11th Apr, 21st Apr and 26th Apr. Walmsley Sane: Five on 17th Apr: Twelve on 21st Apr: Singles on 26th Apr and 9th May. 2000: Trebehor: Twenty-five in Sep. Separating alba and yarrellii in early autumn flocks can be difficult, with many flocks likely to contain some first calendar yarrellii birds. The earliest this year was on 16th March at Trevose Head, and the latest at Pendeen on 24th October. Numbers vary considerably from year to year, and this was one of the better years. Approximate monthly totals (M. a. alba): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 2 73 40 - - 33 129 1 - -

DIPPER - Cinclus cinclus Scarce breeding resident. Pairs are present on most suitable stretches of the Rivers Camel and Fowey, with the majority of breeding pairs centred on the extremities of Bodmin Moor and with small populations in the middle and west of the county. Numbers reported this year were higher than last year. Breeding was observed at two sites. All reports were of one or two birds apart from the following: Helston Boating Lake: Two adults and a first cal on 25th Aug. Kennal Vale: Three on 6th Jan. Lamorna Cove: Three on 18th Nov. St Austell Sewage Works: Three on 28th Jan. Upper Fowey Valley: Twenty-one on 12th May.

WREN - Troglodytes troglodytes Breeding resident. Populations may be severely reduced after prolonged cold winters. It is difficult to comment on this species owing to a lack of information. Comparative data showing singing males at individual sites over several years would be of particular interest. The numbers reported this year were marginally higher than last year.

113 Reports include: Chyuerton: Nine on 15th Aug. Drift Res: Fifteen on 1st Jun. Enniscaven: Fourteen on 29th Oct. Marazion Marsh: Twenty on 6th Jun. Nanquidno: Nine on 20th Oct. Porthgwarra: Ten on 19th Oct. St Austell Sewage Works: Fifteen on 10th Jan and 23rd Dec. St Levan: Nine on 22nd Oct. Terras to Melbur Pits: Twenty on 17th Jun: Eighteen on 29th Jul: Nineteen on 28th Oct. Terras to Resugga Lane: Sixteen on 27th Jul. Trelion: Twelve on 9th Nov.

HEDGE ACCENTOR - Prunella modularis Breeding resident and rare passage migrant. As with Wren, the records received do not provide much of a picture. Figures produced by a Nature Conservancy Trust census in 2000 indicated a ten per cent increase in the UK population, following a forty-four per cent decline over the previous twenty years. Numbers reported this year were appreciably higher than last year. Reports include: Drift Res: Fourteen on 1st Jun. Lamelgate: Six pairs on 1st Jun. Marazion Marsh: Eight on 6th Jun. Polly Joke: Eight on 28th Sep. Porthgwarra: Sixteen on 19th Oct: Twelve on 25th Oct: Forty on 28th Oct. St Austell Sewage Works: Fifteen on 31st Jan: Ten on 23rd Dec. St Levan: Eight on 21st Oct. Terras to Melbur Pits: Eight on 11th Nov. Trevose Head: Twenty on 19th Sep.

EUROPEAN ROBIN - Erithacus rubecula Breeding resident and passage migrant. Reports include: Duckpool: Twenty on 21st Oct. Enniscaven: Twenty-six on 29th Oct. Kenidjack: Thirty-five on 21st Sep. Nanquidno: Twenty-five on 23rd Sep: Eighty on 20th Oct: Fifteen on 21st Oct. Polgigga: Forty-one on 22nd Oct. Polhawn Fort: Twenty on 22nd Oct. Polly Joke: Twenty-nine on 28th Sep. Poltesco: Twenty on 11th Oct. Porthgwarra: Forty-five on 19th Oct: Twenty-two on 20th Oct: Eighty-five on 22nd Oct: Fourteen on 22nd Oct: Seventeen on 27th Oct: Thirty-eight on 28th Oct. St Agnes Head: Twenty on 13th Oct. St Levan: Twenty-eight on 21st Oct. Terras to Melbur Pits: Twenty-eight on 7th Feb: Fifteen on 2nd May: Eleven on 3rd Jun: Twenty-four on 29th Jul: Thirty-eight on 28th Oct: Thirty-six on 11th Nov: Twenty-two on 16th Dec.

114 Terras to Resugga: Thirteen on 28th Jul. Trelion: Eleven on 16th Jun: Twenty on 9th Nov: Twenty-five on 19th Dec. Trekelvesteps to St Luke: Twenty-six on 12th May.

BLACK REDSTART - Phoenicurus ochruros Passage migrant and winter visitor. Bred sporadically in the Perranporth area in the 1940's and 1950's. The number of wintering birds at the start of the year was about average for recent years, but there appears to have been little movement of passage birds in March. Numbers in the last quarter were about average. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 56 17 18 4 4 - - - - 150 34 38 Reports include: Chapel Porth: Fifteen on 19th Oct. Crafthole: Three on 20th Oct. Little London: Six on 9th Jan. Lizard Point: Six on 22nd Oct. Marazion Beach: Three on 13th Jan. Mill Bay: Thirteen on 30th Dec. Perranporth: Three on 19th Jan. Porthgwarra: Three on 20th Oct. Rame Head: Five on 18th Oct: Seven on 20th Oct: Three on 20th - 21st Oct. Sennen: Six on 18th Oct: Twenty-two on 22nd Oct: Five on 29th Oct: Four on 30th Oct and 1st Nov. Trethewey: Four on 26th Oct: Three on 28th Oct. Trewellard: Five on 19th Oct. Zennor: Four on 21 st Oct.

COMMON REDSTART - Phoenicurus phoenicurus Summer visitor, which breeds almost exclusively in the Bodmin Moor area, and scarce passage migrant. Found during the breeding season in most wooded valleys and farmsteads on Bodmin Moor. However, as this species is widely but thinly spread with most sightings being of single birds, it tends to be under-reported. The 1999 Bodmin Moor Breeding Birds Survey (conducted by the RSPB) recorded ninety-nine birds, a sixty-three per cent increase over the 1984 survey. Numbers in May and October were appreciably higher than last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 6th March 1984 at Truro, and the latest at on 19th November 1982. The earliest this year was on 14th April at Nanjizal and the latest was at Looe on 31 st December (and there was another at Porthpean on 18th December) far later than any previous record during the previous quarter of a century. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 4 29 8 3 4 7 19 - 1 Reports include: Bastreet: An adult and two first cal on 5th Jun. Candra/Harpur's Downs: Six on 20th May: Four on 23rd May. Lamelgate: Eight singing males. Trewortha Tor: Three on 11th Jul.

115 WHINCHAT - Saxicola rubetra Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. The 1999 Bodmin Moor Breeding Birds Survey (conducted by the RSPB) recorded ninety-seven birds, a forty-six per cent reduction on the 1984 survey. The number of birds reported was appreciably lower than in the mid-1990's, particularly in September, following the trend shown last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 29th March 1984 at Lelant, and the latest at Copperhouse on 11th December 1984. The earliest this year was on 2nd May at Lizard Point, and the latest at Siblyback Reservoir on 9th December (the second latest record during the last quarter century). Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 20 3 3 20 35 39 - 1 Reports include: Adams Hill: Three on 19th Oct. Davidstow Airfield: Six on 2nd Oct. Predannack Downs: Three on 2nd Sep. Trevose Head: Four on 28th Aug.

COMMON STONECHAT - Saxicola torquata Breeding resident with some dispersal. Suffers heavy mortality in prolonged cold weather. Numbers reported this year were appreciably higher than last year during several months. Reports include: Bedruthen Steps: Six on 28th Aug. Geevor Mine, Pendeen: Twelve on 28th May. Gribbin Head: Twenty on 20th Jul. Lamelgate: Three pairs on 1st Jun. Land's End: Seventeen on 3rd May. Lizard Point: Eight on 27th Jul. Nare Head to St Anthony Head: Fourteen pairs on 1 st May. Pendower to Porthcurnick: Seven pairs on 1 st May. Pentire Point: Ten on 22nd Aug. Porthgwarra: Twenty on 20th Aug: Twenty-four on 19th Oct: Thirteen on 22nd Oct: Fourteen on 2nd Nov. Predannack Downs: Nine on 2nd Sep. Rame Head: Six on 14th Jul. Rumps Point: Eight on 9th Jul. Tregantle to Sharow Point: Four pairs on 11th Apr. Trevose Head: Four pairs on 20th May: Twenty-five on 26th Aug.

An individual of the race S. t. maura, known as Siberian Stonechat was noted as follows: Bass Point: One on 12th - 13th Oct KR, PAF. The mainland total is now c. 8 since 1982.

Siberian Stonechat (Kester Wilson) Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------6 2 -

116 NORTHERN WHEATEAR - Oenanthe oenanthe Summer visitor and passage migrant. Breeding has occurred primarily on Bodmin Moor, but single pairs are likely to be found on any suitable habitat. Numbers during the spring passage was about average, but the main movement was later than usual. Autumn numbers were disappointing. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 22nd February 1993 on The Lizard, and the latest at Poldhu Cove on 1 st December, but there was also an apparent over-wintering bird at Kelsey Head on 23rd November 1988 through to 1st January 1989. The earliest this year was on 9th March at Godrevy Point, and the latest at Sennen Cove on 13th November. Breeding was reported at three sites, none of which were on Bodmin Moor. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 116 123 801 20 9 96 81 85 6 - Reports include: Bass Point: Twenty-six on 4th May. Bedruthan Steps: Sixteen on 17th Mar. Botallack: Six on 25th Jun - bred. Bude Breakwater: Five on 16th June included two first cal. Holman's Moors: Sixteen on 17th Mar. Land's End: Eighteen on 1st May: 100 on 2nd May: Twenty on 3rd May: Twenty-five on 6th May: Fifty on 7th May: Seventy on 8th May: Fifteen on 10th and 24th May: Ten on 22nd Sep. Lizard Point: Twenty-seven on 3rd May. Marazion Marsh: Eleven on 13th Apr. Par: Twenty on 17th Mar. Porthgwarra: Twelve on 20th Aug: Ten on 23rd Aug. Sennen: Twenty on 7th May. St Just Airfield: Eleven on 5th May: Fifty on 7th May: Twelve on 12th May. Trevose Head: Eighteen on 25th Mar: Ten on 18th Apr: Twenty-eight on 25th Apr: Twenty-six on 3rd May: Eleven on 4th May: Eighteen on 5th May: Nineteen on 6th May: Twenty-one on 7th May: Thirty- four on 8th May: Sixteen on 9th May: Thirteen on 10th May: Ten on 11th May: Twelve on 13th May. 2000: Carn-les-Boel: Seventeen on 18th Mar: Thirty-two on 12th Apr: Twenty-one on 3rd May.

DESERT WHEATEAR - Oenanthe oenanthe Very rare vagrant. 1950: The BBRC have carried out a review of records and this report has been rejected. The mainland total is now c. 5 since 1984. An adult male was a Porthgwarra on 17th - 20th November 1984, and one was at Sennen on 5th November 1988. A female was at Torpoint on 27th November - 16th December 1994, and then what was assumed to be the same bird at Hayle on 21st - 24th December 1994 and on 13th January - 20th March 1995. Finally, there were birds at Loe Bar on 28th November - 15th December 1997 and at Hannafore Point on 3rd - 12th December 1997. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------4 1

117 RING OUZEL - Turdus torquatus Scarce passage migrant and rare winter visitor. Bred in 1970 and 1996. Numbers were about average for the last few years, but well below the average of seventy seen during the 1990's. The earliest report during the last twenty-five years was on 6th March 1977 at Pendeen, and the latest at St Austell on 9th December. However, what was considered to be the same wintering bird was seen at Kingsand on 15th January and at Widegates on 22nd January 1987, another was at Mullion on 9th December 1991 until 5th April 1992, and what were considered to be five over-wintering birds were at Blackpool Clay Pit on 11th February 1996. This year the first bird was seen on 24th March at Land's End and the last in Jericho Valley on 10th Nov. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 7 3 - - - - 1 11 10 - Carlyon Bay: Two adults on 1st Nov. Cot Valley: Singles on 16th and 20th Oct. Holman's Moors: Three on 25th Mar. Jericho Valley: One on 10th Nov. Kynance Cove: One on 1st Nov. Land's End: One on 24th Mar. Morwenstow: Singles on 12th Apr and 19th Oct. Nanjizal: Two on 11th Apr: Singles on 2nd Oct, 10th Oct, 29th Oct and 2nd - 3rd Nov. Nanquidno: Singles on 21st Sep and 28th Oct: Two on 30th Oct. Porthgwarra: One on 10th Oct: Three on 28th Oct: One on 30th Oct. Towednack: Three on 25th Mar: One on 3rd Nov. Upper Tamar Res: One on 3rd Nov.

BLACKBIRD - Turdus merula Common breeding resident, and passage migrant. Although this species does not flock to the extent of some other thrushes, small numbers sometimes gather together during the winter months. Birds usually disperse by the end of February. Figures produced by a Nature Conservancy Trust census in 2000 indicated a six per cent increase in the UK population, following a twenty-three per cent decline over the previous twenty-five years. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 21 29 53 9 48 80 19 23 98 325 337 67 Reports include: Camel Est: Thirty on 12th Nov. Heligan: Twenty on 30th Jun. Kenidjack: Twenty on 12th Oct. Marazion Marsh: Twenty on 6th Jun. Nanjizal: Twenty on 20th Oct: Forty on 22nd Oct: Thirty on 27th and 29th Oct: Eighty on 14th Nov. Nanquidno: Thirty on 14th Oct: Twenty on 15th Oct. Porthgwarra: Twenty-six on 20th Oct: Twenty-four on 22nd Oct: Thirty-two on 27th Oct: Forty-two on 28th Oct: Thirty-eight on 2nd Nov: Twenty-four on 16th Nov. Trelion: Twenty-two on 9th Nov: Thirty-three on 19th Dec. Treveal: Twenty on 14th Oct. Trevose Head: Twenty-three on 18th Sep: Thirty-four on 24th Sep: Thirty-two on 29th Sep: Twenty on 29th Oct and 5th Nov: Twenty-five on 11th Nov. 118 FIELDFARE - Turdus pilaris Passage migrant and winter visitor. Summered in Upper Fowey Valley in 1987. One of the quieter years, doubtless reflecting mild winters with no long periods of severe weather. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 567 207 298 1 1 - - - - 1,400 2,151 501 Reports include: Bake 120 on 29th Dec. Crankan: 100 on 30th Oct. Crowdy Res: 520 on 14th Nov. Higher Kerrowe: 124 on 13th Jan. Holmbush: 1,000 on 14th Nov. Men-an-Tol: 100 on 22nd Dec. Music Water: 120 on 8th Mar. Nanjizal: 123 on 1st Nov. Porth Res: 150 on 11th Nov. Sancreed: 127 on 10th Nov. Siblyback Res: 100 on 26th Jan. Ventongimps: 500 on 4th Nov. Walmsley Sane: 180 on 6th Nov: 100 on 11th Nov.

SONG THRUSH - Turdus philomelos Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. The decline of this species in Britain is well documented. Figures produced by a Nature Conservancy Trust census in 2000 indicated a seventeen per cent increase in the UK population, following a fifty-four per cent decline since 1974. Numbers during the first half of the year were below average for recent years, but returned to more normal levels in October. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 36 20 13 15 24 40 18 10 9 303 327 139 Reports include: Camel Est: Ten on 17th Nov. Duckpool: Twelve on 21st Oct. Jericho Valley: Forty-five on 20th Oct. Lamelgate: Eleven pairs on 1st Jun. Mullion: Forty on 21st Oct. Nanjizal: Thirty on 20th Oct: Twenty on 22nd Oct: Thirty on 28th and 29th Oct: Fifty on 30th Oct: 100 on 1 st Nov: Forty on 2nd Nov. Pentire Point: Eleven on 3rd Nov. Polly Joke: Ten on 3rd Nov. Porth Res: Ten on 11th Nov. Porthgwarra: Fifteen on 22nd Oct: Twenty-two on 28th Oct: Twenty-eight on 2nd Nov: Twelve on 4th Nov: Eighteen on 9th Nov: Sixteen on 16th Nov. Sennen: Seventy-five on 17th Dec. Skewjack: Fifteen on 30th Dec. St Agnes: Sixty on 23rd Nov. St Levan: Sixteen on 21st Oct. Trelion: Ten on 19th Dec. 119 Treveal: Fifteen on 14th Oct. Trevose Head: Thirteen on 29th Oct: Ten on 5th Nov 2000: Sennen: Forty on 7th April.

REDWING - Turdus iliacus Passage migrant and winter visitor. Although there were more birds than last year, there were no large flocks during either winter period and numbers were well below those recorded in the mid-1990's. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 780 199 173 1 2 - - - 1,961 2,728 989 Reports include: Boswednack: 130 on 1st Nov. Colliford Res: 200 on 17th Dec. Crankan: 400 on 30th Oct. Drift Res: 120 on 1st Jan. Enniscaven: 129 on 29th Oct. Holmbush: 500 on 14th Nov and 600 on 16th Nov. Nanjizal: 150 on 29th Oct: 600 on 30th Oct and 1st Nov: 200 on 2nd Nov: 100 on 5th Nov. Rosudgeon: 100 on 1st Nov. Sennen: 120 on 16th Nov: 200 on 18th Nov. : 110 on 29th Oct. Trelion: 141 on 9th Nov. Trereife: 139 on 20th Dec. Trewidden: 104 on 1st Nov: 120 on 30th Dec. Ventongimps: 100 on 4th Nov

MISTLE THRUSH - Turdus viscivorus Breeding resident, scarce migrant and winter visitor. Reports indicate an average year.

Mistle Thrush (Kester Wilson) Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 27 13 14 16 32 43 46 31 45 17 47 23 Reports include: Caerloggas Downs: Eighteen on 7th Jun. Davidstow Airfield: Fifteen on 30th Aug. Mount Edgecumbe: Twenty-seven on 21st Jul: Fifteen on 16th Sep. Porthgwarra: Fifteen on 2nd Nov. Upper Tamar Res: Fifteen on 16th Sep.

120 CETTI'S WARBLER - Cettia cetti Scarce breeding resident, with some dispersal in autumn. This recent colonist was first noted in the UK in 1961 and reached Cornwall in 1973. Since then the population has fluctuated because the species is prone to losses during severe winters. Ringing at Nanjizal appears to indicate that birds disperse in late October and November, particularly females. Numbers were similar to last year. The following table shows numbers of singing males at regular sites (a dash = no count received) 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 Marazion Marsh 6 10 7 4 10 10 11 Gunwalloe - - 6 3 3 7 - Par Beach Pool 4 2 3 2 5 6 6 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4 3 13 10 7 6 1 2 4 10 8 5 Bude Marshes: One on 2nd - 19th Feb. Ferry Farm Calstock: One on 1st May. Kennack Sands: One on 18th Nov. Loe Pool: Singles on 28th Jul, 25th Aug, 21st Oct and 8th Dec. Mawgan Porth: One on 7th May. Nanjizal: One on 27th Oct: Two on 4th Nov and 8th Dec. Nanquidno: One on 30th Oct. Nansmellyn Marsh: One on 3rd Jun. Salter Mill: One on 8th May. Siblyback Res: One on 9th Aug. Swanpool: One on 23rd Nov.

GRASSHOPPER WARBLER - Locustella naevia Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Unobtrusive in autumn and rarely reported. This year's numbers were better than last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 3rd April 1998 at Porth Joke, and the latest at Duckpool on 27th October 1988. This year the earliest was on 8th April at Nanjizal, and the latest also at Nanjizal on 21st September. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 42 51 24 10 1 1 - - - Reports include: Bosigran: Three on 6th May. Men-an-Tol: Three on 21st Jun. Nanjizal: Six on 25th Apr: Three on 28th Apr, 30th Apr, 3rd May and 5th May. Trekelvesteps: Four on 5th May. Trevose Head: Three on 25th Apr.

AQUATIC WARBLER - Acrocephalus paludicola Rare drift migrant in autumn. Almost annual at Marazion Marsh. Marazion Marsh: Singles on 24th, 25th and 28th Sep SMC, MWa, CCB et al. Porthcurnick Beach: One on 3rd Sep GSG.

121 The county mainland total is now c 232 since 1951. Marazion is by far the best site with 177 records, many being found in the years when ringing took place at the site. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ - - - - - 135 80 16 - - * one undated

SEDGE WARBLER - Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 14th February 1998 at Bude Marshes, and the latest at Coverack on 22nd November 1996. This year the earliest was on 15th April at Marazion Marsh, and the latest at Porthgwarra on 19th October. Numbers in April were less than half last year's figure, but were only a little lower in May. Although numbers in June and particularly July were higher, numbers reported in August were lower than usual. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 87 199 73 69 65 21 2 - - Reports include: Bude Marshes: Eighteen on 25th Apr. Drift Res: Ten on 1st Jun. Marazion: Twelve on 25th Apr: Twenty on 2nd May. Nanjizal: Fifteen on 25th and 26th Apr: Thirty on 8th May and 30th Jul: Twenty on 1st Aug. Par Beach Pool: Ten on 19th May and 11th Jun. Polgreen Lake: Ten on 10th Jun. Porth Res: Eleven on 28th Jul.

PADDYFIELD WARBLER - Acrocephalus agricola Very rare vagrant. Cot Valley: One on 15th Nov MTE, KAW et al. This bird was a nice find amongst a late autumn flurry of unusual birds in Cornwall. It was found on non-native vegetation that had retained its leaves, unlike most of the native bushes. The mainland total is now c. 2 since 1996. The previous record was of a bird found at Long Rock Pool, again in November, but in that case it was ringed and stayed for six weeks.

Paddyfield Warbler (Martin Elliot)

Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

122 EURASIAN REED WARBLER - Acrocephalus scirpaceus Breeding passage migrant and summer visitor. Forty years ago this species was such a rare visitor to Cornwall that the presence of one on the Camel Estuary on 1st September 1951 warranted a special mention in the introduction to that year's bird report. At that time the species was seen only sporadically, but it has since become a regular breeder in the county's reed-beds. Numbers reported in May and June this year were significantly higher than last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 8th March 1998 at Marazion, and the latest at Porthcurno on 3rd December 1998. This year the earliest report was on 19th April at Marazion Marsh, and the latest at Land's End on 1st November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 24 73 71 9 4 8 22 1 - Reports include: Bude Marshes: Ten on 8th May and 3rd Jun. Marazion Marsh: Ten on 22nd Apr and 3rd May: Twelve on 9th May: Eighteen on 6th Jun. Nanjizal: Five on 11th Jun; Six on 22nd Jun. Par Beach Pool: Twenty-one on 16th May: Five on 19th May: Six on 11th Jun. Porthcothan: Eight on 4th Jun.

MELODIOUS WARBLER - Hippolais polyglotta Scarce drift migrant, mainly in autumn. Porthgwarra: One on 25th Aug - 2nd Sep CCB, MDW et al. The county mainland total is now c. 114 since 1931. Most records have been at Porthgwarra where forty-six have been located, and there have also been eleven at Nanquidno. Approximate monthly breakdown (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - - 2 - 1 34 58 18 1 -

DARTFORD WARBLER - Sylvia undata Rare breeding resident with some dispersal. There were thirteen reports of this species prior to 1980, including one of confirmed breeding in 1943. Breeding was again proven on the southeast coast of the county in 1980 through to 1985, but there was a subsequent decline in the area with only sporadic sightings outside the breeding season. Breeding was confirmed on the Lizard in the early 1980's but that population also disappeared. In the early 1990's a small but viable population became established in the Callington area and in 1996 birds were again discovered on the Lizard. Reports away from possible breeding sites were: Botallack: One on 21st - 22nd Oct. Chyauster: One on 4th Mar. Colliford Res: One on 23rd Dec. New Mill: One on 4th Mar. Porthgwarra: One on 18th Feb: One on 2nd Nov - 20th Dec, with two on 11th Nov. Sennen: One on 18th Nov - 31st Dec. The county total of birds away from possible breeding sites is now c. 93 since 1931. Approximate monthly totals away from breeding sites (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 10 5 13 9 6 - - 5 4 24 14 3

123 SUBALPINE WARBLER - Sylvia cantillans Rare vagrant - mainly spring overshoots. Nanjizal: A male on 14th - 17th Apr KAW. The county mainland total has now increased to c. 26 since 1975. Three birds have been recorded at Land's End, and five at Nanjizal. The first record was at Porthgwarra in 1975 and fourteen birds have now been seen in the triangle between Land's End, Porthgwarra and Treen. A further six have been located on The Lizard. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 2 7 15 - - - 1 1 - -

BARRED WARBLER - Sylvia nisoria Rare drift migrant in autumn. Carnyorth: A first cal on 17th Nov JDS. Nanquidno: A first cal on 23rd - 24th Oct JDS et al. Polgigga: A first cal on 2nd - 16th Nov MDW, KAW. Porthgwarra: A first cal on 8th Oct - 17th Nov BSW et al. Sennen: A first cal on 10th Nov MWa. Barred Warbler (Mark Wallace) The county mainland total is now c. 53 since 1963. Young Barred Warblers disperse widely before heading to their wintering grounds, and this is thought to be the reason why they are seen so regularly on the east coast of Britain. However, they are a relatively infrequent visitor to the Cornish mainland. The year 2001 saw an exceptional influx of late birds into the county. With two of the birds remaining for quite long periods. This appears to fit in with the fact that birds of this species are understood to take a mid-migration break before recommencing their journey. Approximate monthly totals (historic) : Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------2 23 23 5 -

LESSER WHITETHROAT - Sylvia curruca Scarce breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. The national population of this species crashed between 1994 and 1997 (BTO News No.218). Numbers were a little above average in spring, peaking as usual in May, but fewer birds were seen in autumn than have been recorded in recent years. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 5th April 1995 at Par, and the latest at Hayle on 19th December 1999. However, there was also an over-wintering bird at Torpoint between 5th December 1985 and 26th April 1986. This year the earliest report was on 22nd April at Trevose Head, and the latest at Land's End on 10th November. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 4 21 5 2 5 1 1 1 _ Breney Common: One on 2nd May. Camel Est: One on 10th Jul. Candra: One on 23rd May.

124 Constantine Bay: One on 13th May. Downderry: One on 6th May. Goss Moor: Two on 20th May. Halvana Plantation: One on 10th Jun. Harlyn Bay: One on 13th Jun. Hendersick: One on 9th - 11th Jun. Kenidjack: One on 27th Aug. Kingsand: One on 28th May. Kynance Cove: One on 7th May. Labour-in Vain: One on 10th and 23rd Aug. Land's End: One on 20th May and 10th Nov. Lizard Point: One on 25th Sep. Marazion Marsh: One on 25th - 27th Apr: One on 30th Apr - 5th May. Mullion Cove: One on 8th May. Nanjizal: One on 5th May: One on 9th May. Penlee Point, Rame Head: One on 13th May. Porth Res: One on 11th Aug. Rame Head: One on 11th Aug. Roskestal: One showing characteristics of a pale eastern form on 11th Oct MDW. Southdown: One on 16th Jun. St Levan: One on 5th May: One on 9th May. Tregoss Moor: One on 14th - 15th May: One on 19th Jun. Tregunna: One on 9th May - 24th Jul. Trethurgy: One on 20th May.

Trevose Head: One on 22nd Apr: One on 27th - 29th Apr: One on 10th May: One on 13th May.

COMMON WHITETHROAT - Sylvia communis Common breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Over-wintered in 1952/53. Although numbers were low in April, numbers reported in May were almost three times higher than last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 31st March 1980 at Epphaven and the latest at Church Cove, The Lizard on 9th November 1996. The earliest this year was on 16th April at Adams Hill, and the latest at St Levan on 23rd October. Reports include: Bosigran: Twelve on 6th May. Boswednack: Twelve on 2nd May. Land's End: Ten on 13th May: Fifteen on 15th May. Lizard Point: Fourteen on 2nd May. Nanjizal: Twelve on 2nd May: Thirty on 3rd May: Forty-five on 9th May: Thirty-two on 11th May: Thirty on 30th Jul. Penlee Point, Rame Head: Twenty on 7th May: Thirty-five on 25th Aug. Pentire Farm: Ten on 26th Aug. Pentire Point: Ten on 5th May: Ten on 20th Aug. Porthgwarra: Fourteen on 5th May: Twenty on 7th May: Thirty on 21st May. Rame Church: Twenty on 3rd May: Eighteen on 6th May: Thirty on 13th May: Twenty on 17th May: Twenty-five on 21 st May. St Anthony: Twelve on 6th May. Trevose Head: Ten on 9th May: Fourteen on 10th May: Twenty on 13th May.

125 GARDEN WARBLER - Sylvia borin Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Widely distributed in suitable habitat east of Truro. It was formerly scarce in the west of the county, but there are now regular breeding season reports from several areas including , Falmouth, Helston and the Land's End peninsula. Few birds were reported in March and April, but numbers in May and June were considerably higher than last year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 25th March at Siblyback Reservoir, and the latest near St. Just on 17th November. However, there was also an assumed over-wintering bird that was seen nine times at Phillack between 6th and 25th January 1994. The earliest report this year was on 3rd March at Golitha/Draynes Wood, the earliest to date, and the latest at Church Cove on 5th November. All reports were of one or two birds apart from the following: Lamelgate: Eight pairs on 1st June. Land's End: Three on 11th May. Nanquidno: Three on 23rd Sep. Stithians Res: Three on 26th Jun. Tregoss Moor: Three on 14th May Upper Fowey Valley: Four on 1 st Jul.

BLACKCAP - Sylvia atricapilla Breeding summer visitor, passage migrant and winter visitor. This species tends to be under-recorded in the summer months, but catches the attention in winter. Numbers were similar to last year during the first eight months, apart from May when reported numbers were almost three times higher, and were one hundred and sixty per cent higher overall during the last three months. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 39 25 18 82 109 45 8 12 57 161 95 55 Records include: Brew, Sennen: Five on 10th Nov. Caerthillian: Six on 19th Oct. Kenidjack: Five on 21st Sep: Six on 20th Oct. Lamelgate: Five pairs on 1st Jun. Lundy Bay: Five on 8th May. Nanjizal: Eleven on 8th May: Five on 12th May, 29th Aug and 10th Sep: Eleven on 11th Sep: Six on 24th Sep and 12th Oct: Thirteen on 19th Oct: Six on 21st Oct: Nine on 22nd Oct: Seven on 27th and 28th Oct: Sixteen on 29th Oct: Fourteen on 1st Nov: Eight on 2nd Nov: Seven on 14th Nov: Nine on 24th - 30th Nov. Nanquidno: Five on 23rd Sep. Nansmellyn Marsh: Five on 20th Dec. Pelynt: Five on 30th Jun. Penlee Point, Rame Head: Five on 7th May. Pentire Point: Five on 3rd Nov. Penzance: Six on 20th Nov. Poltesco: Six on 11th Oct. Porthgwarra: Eleven on 19th Oct, 20th Oct and 22nd Oct: Five on 27th Oct: Seven on 27th Oct: Fifteen on 28th Oct. Sennen: Six on 28th Sep.

126 Trethewey: Seven on 24th - 28th Nov. Treveal: Eight on 21st Oct

ARCTIC WARBLER - Phylloscopus borealis Very rare vagrant. Nanquidno: One on 20th - 26th Oct MWa, JDS. (Videograb in centre pages) The mainland total is now c. 7 since 1984. Previous records were at Nanquidno in 1984, at Cot Valley in 1985, at Kelynack and Porthgwarra in 1993, at Kenidjack in 1994 and at Porthgwarra in 1995. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------3 4 - -

YELLOW-BROWED WARBLER - Phylloscopus inornatus Regular vagrant, predominately in autumn, that has wintered. Church Cove: One on 21st Oct MT. Cot Valley: One on 21st - 23rd Oct JDS. One on 25th Oct ACr, HN: One on 11th Nov DBn. Helston Sewage Works: Last year's bird on 1st - 29th Mar. (Photograph in centre pages) Kenidjack: One on 13th - 19th Oct DBn. Land's End: One on 15th - 16th May KAW, DSF, RA, CA. Nanjizal: Singles on 9th Oct, 29th Oct and 2nd - 3rd Nov KAW. Nanquidno: Singles on 23rd Sep, 15th Oct and 30th Oct - 4th Nov MWa, JDS et al. Porthcurno: One on 10th - 11th Oct (possibly the St Levan bird) BSW. Porthgwarra: One on 14th - 15th Oct MWa: One on 29th - 30th Oct MDW, SMC. St Levan: One on 10th Oct MDW. Zennor: One on 21st and 26th Oct DHa. 2000: Helston Sewage Works: One on 28th Nov SMC. The county total is now c. 407 since 1950. Numbers have been below twenty during the last four years, whereas there were more than thirty per annum during the previous three years. Approximate monthly breakdown (historic) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3 - 1 - 1 - - - 22 322 47 11

HUME'S LEAF WARBLER - Phylloscopus humei Very rare vagrant. Porthgwarra: One on 23rd Dec MDW, KAW. This bird was just reward and justification for checking the valleys in the far west of the county in December. It had probably been pushed westwards by a lack of food in its previous location and strong, cold easterly winds. Unfortunately, Porthgwarra was very frosty and the bird soon flew out of the valley in search of sunlight. The mainland total is now c. 2 since 1998. The first record was of one in Church Cove, The Lizard on 22nd - 23rd November 1998.

127 Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ------1 1

DUSKY WARBLER - Phylloscopus fuscatus Rare vagrant. Brew, Sennen: One on 16th Nov - 17th Dec MWa et al. St Levan: One on 20th - 28th Oct GQA, RBr. The long staying Brew bird disappeared with the onset of hard frosts. The county mainland total is now c.12 since 1985. Previous records have been at Cot in 1985, Kenidjack and Harlyn Bay in 1992, Bude Marshes and Kenidjack in 1995, Porthgwarra in 1996, Sennen in 1998, Nanjizal in 1999, and Treen and Porthgwarra in 2000. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 ------6 4 1

WOOD WARBLER - Phylloscopus sibilatrix Rare breeding summer visitor and scarce passage migrant. The majority of breeding season records have been received from the broad-leaved woodlands around Bodmin and the valleys of the rivers Fowey, Camel, Lynher and Tamar. The number of singing males fluctuates and site fidelity is not assured from year to year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 2nd April 1978 at , and the latest at Rame Head on 29th October 1987. This year the first report was at Porthgwarra on 26th August and the last on 15th October at Church Cove. Breeding season reports, with comparative figures for previous years, are shown below. Figures represent singing males. 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 Site 1 - 1 3 - 1 1 2 1 Site 2 - - - - 1 2 1 2 Other reports: Church Cove: one on 11th and 15th Oct PAF. Kenidjack: One on 7th Sep MWa. Porthgwarra: One on 26th Aug BD et al. The approximate monthly totals for the past twenty-five years show some growth in numbers during the late 1980's and early 1990's, but then reducing back to a low level. Only three birds were reported this year, the lowest since 1981, none of which were at the historic breeding sites. Approximate monthly totals (all records): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1977 - - - 1 - 1 3 3 - - - - 1978 - - - 2 4 2 1 1 - - - 1979 - - - - 5 4 1 - 1 - - - 1980 - - - - 9 1 ------1981 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - - 1982 - - - 2 2 - - - 1 1 1 ' - 1983 - - - 1 - - 3 4 1 _ _ _ 1984 - - - 4 9 3 - 2 2 _ _ _ 1985 - - - - 3 1 - - 1 2 _ _ 1986 - - - 1 6 1 2 1 2 1 _ _ 1987 - - - 5 8 3 1 - 1 1 - - 128 1988 _ _ 6 5 1 _ _ 2 _ _ 1989 - - - 3 18 4 2 - - - - - 1990 - - - - 10 1 3 2 - _ _ _ 1991 - - - - 9 1 - 1 5 - - _ 1992 - - - 1 10 3 - 1 - 1 - 1993 - - - 3 12 - - - 1 - - - 1994 - - - 1 10 - - 1 1 - - _ 1995 - - - 2 5 - - 3 - - - _ 1996 - - - 2 5 1 1 1 3 - - _ 1997 - - - 1 3 - - 3 - - - - 1998 - - - 1 6 - - - 2 - - _ 1999 - - - 3 3 - - 1 1 - - 2000 - - - 1 5 ------2001 - - _ _ _ 1 1 1 - _ . _

COMMON CHIFFCHAFF - Phylloscopus collybita Common breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Small numbers over-winter. Numbers were similar to last year in January and February, but only half as many were reported in March and April. May to November saw higher numbers this year, but wintering birds in December were sixty per cent below last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 201 135 196 152 105 100 32 64 177 122 147 99 Reports include: Breney Common: Ten on 9th May. Cot Valley: Fifteen on 11th Sep. Drift Res: Eleven on 1st Jun. Halvana Plantation: Twelve on 10th Jun. Helston Boating Lake: Twelve on 1st Jan: Thirty-five on 14th Jan. Helston Sewage Works: Thirty on 6th Jan: Twelve on 7th Jan: Nineteen on 16th Feb: Fifteen on 2nd Mar. Jericho Valley: Fifteen on 21st Sep. Lamelgate: Eight pairs on 1st Jun. Loe Pool: Ten on 20th Sep. Nanjizal: Fifteen on 25th Mar: Ten on 3rd Sep: Fifteen on 21st Sep: Ten on 29th Sep: Fifteen on 3rd Nov. Nanquidno: Eighteen on 23rd Nov. Par: Twelve on 21st Mar. Penlee Point, Rame Head: Ten on 7th May: Twenty on 25th Aug. Polly Joke: Ten on 3rd Nov. Ponts Mill: Ten on 11th Apr. Porthgwarra: Twelve on 27th Oct. Smallacombe Plantation: Fifteen on 15th Jul. St Austell Sewage Works: Maximum counts of ninety in Jan, eighty in Feb, forty in Mar, twenty in Apr, ten in Nov and forty in Dec. Pale birds showing characteristics of the Siberian races P. c. tristis and P. c. abietinus (some clines between these two sub-species are similar in look and call, so identifying such individuals is safer when done in the hand) were reported as follows: Gwithian: Three on 6th - 7th Jan DSF. Hayle Mill Pond: One on 31st Jan GH. Helston Boating Lake: Two on 11th Mar SFE. Helston Sewage Works: Four on 7th Jan DSF: Two on 17th Feb SFE: One on 2nd Mar FJH.

129 Kenidjack: One on 30th Oct and 3rd Nov BSW. Marazion Marsh: Three on 2nd Nov DSF: Singles on 23rd Nov and 5th Dec DSF. Land's End: One on 17th Nov BSW. Nanjizal: Four ringed between 1st and 15th Nov KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 28th Oct SMC, GSB, JDB: Singles on 2nd and 12th Dec MWa. Porthmeor: Three on 15th Nov MWa. Sennen: One on 11th Oct BSW: Two on 16th Nov MWa. St Austell Sewage Works: One on 3rd Jan SMC, BMP: Singles on 12th Mar, 14th Mar and 3rd Apr RL: Two on 24th Dec RL. A good autumn for these sub-species, but most passed through quickly.

WILLOW WARBLER - Phylloscopus trochilus Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. Numbers this year were higher than last year in April, lower in May to July, and then higher for the remainder of the year. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 4th March 1996 at New Mill, and the latest at Stithians Reservoir on 2nd December. However, a bird also over-wintered at Helston Sewage Works between 12th December 1996 and 1st January 1997. This year the earliest was on 2nd March at Wheal Kitty, the earliest ever report, and the latest was at Par Beach Pool on 13th December, the latest ever report. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 31 445 332 121 21 82 36 11 2 1 Reports include: Breney Common: Twenty on 20th May. Halvana Plantation: Twenty-one on 10th Jim. Lizard point: Twenty on 24th Apr: Thirty on 2nd May.. Nanjizal: Twenty-five on 14th Apr: Twenty on 21st Apr: Thirty on 25th and 26th Apr. Ninestones: Thirty on 5th Jun. Skewjack: Twenty-five on 21st Apr. Treskilling Twenty on 10th May. Trevose Head: Twenty-two on 14th Apr: Forty on 22nd and 25th Apr. Upper Fowey Valley: Twenty on 8th Apr: Twenty-seven on 5th May: Sixty-two on 12th May.

GOLDCREST - Regulus regulus Common breeding resident and passage migrant. More birds were reported between April and July than were reported last year and, whereas the main autumn passage was in October last year, it was split between October and November this year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 162 113 112 40 21 21 26 4 23 140 206 107 Reports include: Bowood Golf Course: Twelve on 19th Jan. Chyuerton: Twenty-three on 4th Nov. Cot Valley: Ten on 16th Nov. Crowdy Res: Sixteen on 17th Dec. Helston Sewage Works: Thirteen on 5th Jan. Nanjizal: Ten on 24th Mar. Nanquidno: Twenty on 4th Nov.

130 Pencalenick: Ten on 5th Jan. Polgigga: Eleven on 22nd Oct. Ponts Mill: Ten on 12th Oct, 19th Nov and 12th Dec. Porthmeor: Twenty on 15th Nov. St Austell Sewage Works: Maximums of 100 in Jan, eighty in Feb, fifty in Mar, twenty in Nov and twenty in Dec. Trewhiddle: Thirty on 17th Dec.

FIRECREST - Regulus ignicapillus Uncommon passage migrant, mainly in autumn, and winter visitor. Whilst numbers normally reduce after January, they were maintained into March this year. Numbers were above average in the last quarter. The July bird was found inside one of the Eden Project buildings and had presumably been held captive since earlier in the year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 20 25 18 1 - - 1 - 2 108 91 37 Reports include: Brew, Sennen: Three on 18th - 20th Nov. Church Cove: Three on 22nd and 27th Oct. Cot Valley: Three on 10th Oct: Four on 3rd Nov: Three on 17th Nov. Hayle Mill Pond: Three on 6th - 13th and 27th Jan. Illogan Wood: Three on 4th - 8th Feb. Kenidjack: Three on 3rd Nov; Four on 5th Nov. Kennack Sands: Three on 11th Oct. Nanjizal: Four on 19th Mar, 17th and 20th Oct: Three on 27th and 29th Oct. Nanquidno: Three on 14th Oct. Penberth: Five on 15th Oct. Penlee Point, Rame: Ten on 22nd Oct. Polgigga: Six on 13th Oct. Three on 19th Nov. Porthcurno: Three on 3rd Nov: Five on 4th Nov: Three on 18th Nov. Porthgwarra: Six on 13th Oct: Three on 14th, 18th and 21st Oct: Eight on 22nd Oct: Three on 23rd Oct: Four on 25th, 27th and 28th Oct: Seven on 2nd Nov. Porthmeor, Zennor: Three on 9th Nov. Rame Head: Three on 21st Oct. Sennen: Three on 18th and 20th Nov. St Austell Sewage Works: Three on 10th Jan, 26th Feb and 12th Mar. The Lizard: Six on 20th Oct. Trethewey: Three on 24th Nov.

SPOTTED FLYCATCHER - Muscicapa striata Breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. There has been a significant overall decrease in the number of pairs breeding in the county since the early 1970's. The earliest report was on 2nd May at Lizard Point, and the latest birds were at Cot Valley and Drift Reservoir on 25th October. Numbers were higher than last year during every month but July.

131 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec _ _ _ 83 33 23 99 17 20 - - Reports include: Bochym: Five on 27th Aug. Golitha/Draynes Wood: Three on 23rd May and 15th Jul. Heligan: Three on 30th Jun. Lamelgate: Seven on 1st Jun. Land's End: Three on 12th May. Polgreen Lake: Four on 20th Jul and 23rd Aug. Porthgwarra: Thirty-five on 26th Aug. Rosudgeon: Five on 26th Aug. Siblyback Res: Four on 8th Jul. Trelion: Three on 16th Jun. Trevose Head: Twenty-three on 13th May: Four on 26th Aug: Three on 28th Aug. Widemouth Bay: Twelve on 27th Aug.

RED-BREASTED FLYCATCHER - Ficedula parva Scarce drift migrant/vagrant in autumn. Annual since 1980. Morwenstow: One on 23rd - 24th Sep GPS et al. Nanquidno: One on 19th - 21st Oct DIJ, IK, TSH, LPW, FHCK, GH, SML, MCH. Sennen Cove: One on 11th Oct DRu et al. The county mainland total moves to c. 126 since 1949. Nanquidno has now had seven records, but Porthgwarra has had most with thirty-four reports. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 - 2 30 86 7 - J

PIED FLYCATCHER - Ficedula hypoleuca Scarce breeding summer visitor and passage migrant. First bred at Lanhydrock in 1966. There were only six more confirmed instances in the county up to 1980. Subsequently, small populations became established at Lanhydrock and in the Camel Valley, and more recently in the Upper Fowey Valley. These populations have fluctuated markedly from year to year due to variable breeding success, but there has been a steady decline since 1993. The main passage of birds in autumn took place in August, with only a few reported in September, but with a small flurry in October. The earliest report during the last 25 years was on 10th March 1997 at Duckpool, and the latest at Porthgwarra on 6th November 1993. This year the earliest was on 24th April at Kennack Sands, and the latest in Cot Valley on 24th October. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 1 14 4 - 76 4 10 _ _ Reports include: Cot Valley: Four on 25th Aug. Housel Bay: Five on 23rd Aug. Lizard Point: Seven on 23rd Aug. Nanjizal: Six on 29th Aug.

132 Nanquidno: Four on 25th Aug. Porthgwarra: Five on 25th and 26th Aug 2000: Porthgwarra: A male on 23rd Apr, the earliest bird of the year.

LONG-TAILED TIT - Aegithalos caudatus Breeding resident that disperses in good breeding seasons. Numbers were less than last year during all months but January and November, and were appreciably lower in September and October. Reports include: Boscundle: Fifteen on 9th Jun. Charlestown: Fifteen on 14th Jan. Chyuerton: Forty on 4th Nov. Drift Res: Sixteen on 4th Nov. Guineaport: Fifteen on 12th Dec. Helston Sewage Works: Fifteen on 24th Jan. Nanjizal: Twenty-five on 2nd Nov. Nanquidno: Twenty-five on 22nd Oct. Par Beach Pool: Thirty on 3rd Nov. Perran Downs: Fifteen on 20th Mar. Ponts Mill: Fifteen on 25th Jul and 3rd Sep: Twenty on 10th Dec. St Austell Sewage Works: Maximums of eighty in Jan and Feb, and twenty in Mar and Dec. Terras to Melbur Pits: Twenty-one on 28th Oct. Trenarren: Twenty on 31st Oct and 5th Nov Trevella Pond: Twenty on 19th Dec.

MARSH TIT - Parus palustris Breeding resident. There were reports of birds from thirty-nine localities, increasing back to 1997/8 levels. The number of birds reported increased by seventy-three per cent by comparison with last year. Reports include: Boscundle: Six on 21st Apr. Cabilla Woods: Three on 26th Dec. Duckpool: Three on 25th Mar. Golitha/Draynes Wood: Three on 27th Jun. Goss Moor: Three on 2nd Dec. Lanhydrock: Four on 24th Jan. Terras to Melbur Pits: Three on 29th Jul. Tresillian River: Three on 9th Sep.

WILLOW TIT - Parus montanus Scarce breeding resident. The Willow Tit has a patchy distribution in Cornwall, occurring in damp and scrubby woodland to the east and north of Indian Queens, with population centres historically at Goss Moor, Redmoor, St. Austell, Upper Fowey Valley and Tamar Lakes. The species has contracted in range and observations of birds are rare in the west of the county. Reports were received from twelve localities, the same as last year. However, whilst the year commenced with higher numbers reported than last year, fewer numbers were reported in spring and summer.

133 All reports were of single birds apart from the following: Doublebois: Two on 28th Nov. Goss Moor: Two carrying food on 3rd Jun. Lower Tamar Lake: Two on 7th Feb. St Clether: Four on 13th Jan. Tregoss Moor: Two on 19th Aug. Upper Fowey Valley: Two on 18th Feb.

COAL TIT - Parus ater Breeding resident with some dispersal in good breeding seasons. Particularly common and widespread in coniferous woodland in the east of the county, and a regular visitor to garden nut feeders. Numbers have increased as conifer plantations have been expanded. Birds disperse after good breeding seasons, and these will be the birds involved in most autumn sightings. Reports include: Chyuerton: Nine on 4th Nov. Crowdy Res: Twenty-four on 17th Dec. Golitha/Draynes Wood: Eleven on 15th Jul. Maker Heights: Thirteen on 10th Oct. Ninestones: Ten on 5th Jun. Porthgwarra: Six on 13th Oct. Terras to Melbur Pits: Six on 17th Jun. Trengwainton: Six on 10th Dec.

BLUE TIT - Parus caeruleus Breeding resident and rare migrant. Reports were received from sixty-one localities, fourteen more than last year, and numbers increased more than proportionately. However, this is a species that is not always reported, and insufficient data is received to enable trends to be assessed. Reports include: Crankan: Fourteen on 3rd Oct. Enniscaven: Twenty-one on 29th Oct. Polgigga: Sixteen on 22nd Oct. Porthgwarra: Forty on 20th Oct. St Austell Sewage Works: Twenty on 13th Jan. St Levan: Fourteen on 21st Oct. Terras to Melbur Point: Thirty-three on 7th Feb: Twelve to 2nd May: Sixteen on 3rd Jun: Forty-three on 17th Jun: Nineteen on 29th Jul: Twenty-two on 28th Oct: Twenty-nine on 11th Nov: Twenty on 9th Dec. Terras to Resugga Lane: Sixteen on 28th Jul. Trelion: Twenty-two on 16th Jun: Thirty-one on 9th Nov: Thirty-six on 19th Dec. Trevose Head: Eighteen on 28th Aug.

GREAT TIT - Parus major Breeding resident and rare migrant. Reports were received from fifty-two localities, fourteen more than last year, but reported numbers did not increase proportionately. However, this is a species that is not always reported, and insufficient data is received to enable trends to be assessed. Reports include: Marazion Marsh: Fourteen on 6th Jun. Polgigga: Ten on 22nd Oct. Porthgwarra: Ten on 20th Oct: Twelve on 27th Oct. Terras to Melbur point: Ten on 9th Dec. Trelion: Ten on 9th Nov and 19th Dec.

NUTHATCH - Sitta europaea Breeding resident. The species is found in most suitable deciduous woodland. Reported from forty-four localities, sixteen more than last year, and numbers increased proportionately. Reports include: Cotehele: Six on 24th Nov. Cubic Plantation: Three on 13th Jan. Golitha/Draynes Wood: Six on 13th Jan and 23rd May. Heligan: Three on 30th Jun. Hellandbridge: Three on 9th Sep. Lanhydrock: Seven on 24th Jan. Pelynt: Three on 30th Jun. Respryn: Six on 4th Jan. Three on 24th Jan and 14th Feb. Trelion: Four on 9th Nov. Trevarno: Three on 19th May.

EURASIAN TREECREEPER - Certhia familiaris Breeding resident with some dispersal. Reported from twenty-eight localities, twelve more than last year, but numbers reported increased threefold. However, this species has undoubtedly been under-reported in the past and no conclusions can be drawn. Reports include: Cotehele: Two on 5th Jun. Crowdy Res: Two on 14th Jul. Dunmere Wood: Two on 8th May. Golitha/Draynes Wood: Four on 13th Jan and 13th May. Goss Moor: Two on 9th Dec. Heligan: Two on 30th Jun. Lamelgate: Four on 1st Jun. Loe Pool: Two on 7th and 14th Jan. Pilsamoor: Two on 14th May. Ponts Mill: Six on 21st Jun. Respryn: Two on 24th Jan. St Austell Sewage Works: Four on 31st Jan: Sixteen on 24th Dec. : Three on 3rd Jan.

GOLDEN ORIOLE - Oriolus oriolus Scarce passage migrant, mainly spring overshoots from continental Europe. Annual since 1971. Crowlas: One on 13th May BKM, RW. Drift Res: One on 1st May GH: One on 18th May BKM.

135 Nanjizal: Two on 13th May KAW: One on 23rd May KAW: One on 26th May KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 29th May MWa, BKM. Sancreed: One on 13th May DSF. Skewjack: One on 13th May was possibly one of the Nanjizal birds BSW. Stithians Res: One on 26th May BSW. The county total is now c. 201 since 1931. The average number of records in the 1970's was less than two per annum, increased to over five in the 1980's, and was almost ten in the 1990's. Most reports were received in 1984 when there were twenty-one records. Numbers fluctuate greatly from year to year, and this year's ten records equates with the 1990 average. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 28 141 19 4 3 2 3 - -

RED-BACKED SHRIKE - Lanius collurio Uncommon drift migrant, mainly in autumn. Last bred in the county in 1960. Cam Brea: A first cal on 13th Oct NRP. Land's End: A male on 23rd May MWa. Polly Joke: One on 23rd Sep SGR. The county mainland total is now c. Ill since 1940. Porthgwarra has had most records with twenty- three. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - 1 - 10 11 - 14 44 28 3 -

GREAT GREY SHRIKE - Lanius excubitor Scarce drift migrant. Occasional winter visitor. Kilkhampton: One on 26th Feb - 3rd Mar GPS et al. This was presumed to be the bird that wintered at Dunsdon Farm Nature Reserve, Devon between 18th December 2000 and 16th January 2001. The county mainland total now stands at c. 64 since 1940. Previous records include five at Porthgwarra and six on Goss Moor. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8 9 10 7 1 - - - - 11 7 10 * one undated

WOODCHAT SHRIKE - Lanius senator « Rare drift migrant. Annual since 1979. Marazion Marsh: A second cal on 30th May MWa et al. Nanquidno: A first cal on 24th - 25th Aug JDS et al. The mainland total is now c. 78 since 1949. Land's End has had six previous records, but still has some way to go before it catches up with Porthgwarra where there have been sixteen. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 9 33 8 2 12 8 5 1 _

136 EURASIAN JAY - Garrulus glandarius Breeding resident with occasional irruptions. A common but under-recorded species that is usually seen as single birds or pairs. Reported from one hundred locations, a substantial increase on recent years Reports include: Boscundle: Four on 12th Jun. Helford River: Twelve on 22nd Jul. Loe Pool: Four on 14th Dec. , Roscroggan: Four on 18th Jan. Respryn: Four on 24th Jan. Terras to Melbur Pits: Ten on 11th Nov. Upper Tamar lake: Four on 14th Nov.

MAGPIE - Pica pica Breeding resident. Forms small roosts outside the breeding season. This is a species that is increasing on a national basis. The only ongoing breeding information came from Lamelgate where four pairs bred in 1994, nine pairs in 1995, and again nine pairs after a cull in 1996. There was an eighty-six per cent increase in the number of birds reported by comparison with last year. The flock at Marazion Marsh in February is the second largest of the last twenty-five years, the largest being one of one hundred and thirty at Treesmill on 24th January 1990. Reports include: Camel Est: Twenty on 13th Feb: Eleven on 27th Jun. Chyenhal: Fourteen on 9th Feb. Colliford Res: Twenty-two on 12th Jul. Holmbush: Twelve on 22nd Nov and 23rd Dec. Kenidjack: Fifteen on 3rd Mar. Loe Pool: Thirty-nine on 24th Feb. Thirty seven on 25th Dec. Marazion Marsh: Sixty on 4th Jan: Seventy-two on 31st Jan: 116 on 1st Feb: Sixty-two on 1st Mar: Twenty on 6th Jun: Twenty-one on 2nd Nov: Forty-three on 11th Dec. Penlee Park, Penzance: Twenty-five on 1st Dec. Porth Joke: Twenty-five on 3rd Oct. Porthgwarra: Seventeen on 27th Oct. Sticker: Thirty-three on 14th Feb. Trerulefoot: Twenty-four on 27th Jul.

CHOUGH - Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Former resident, occasional visitor or escapee. There was a small influx of birds during the year, three of which established a territory on the south coast of the county. This is the first time since 17th June 1973 that this species has been established in the county, that date being the day on which the last endemic bird was last observed when it mobbed a Mr. B. N. Boothby at Stem Cove, Mawgan Porth. Two birds were in Whitesand Bay for four months at the end of 1986, but they did not become established and the last one was seen on 27th January 1987. Other than that, there have only been occasional reports of short staying birds, some of which were known to be escapes. One theory is that these normally sedentary birds had been forced to disperse when exceptionally heavy rainfall in either northwest France or Wales reduced the food supply on their previous territory.

137 Whatever the reason for the return of this species, their arrival was a very pleasant surprise and we must now hope that they can establish and maintain a lasting presence in the county. Hemmick Beach: One on 23rd Jul CBr. Land's End: One on 3rd Apr BSW. Mullion: One on 20th - 21st Oct AHs. Nanjizal: One on 24th Mar, 2nd and 7th Apr KAW. Pendower Beach: One on 26th - 27th Jan GSG. Porthgwarra: One on 27th Mar, 30th Mar and 3rd Apr JL. Rame Head: One on 6th Oct JBO-D, DA. South Coast: Three on 4th Apr - 31 st Dec. (Photograph in centre pages) Trevilley, Sennen: One on 2nd Apr MDW. The Land's End, Nanjizal, Porthgwarra and Trevilley reports are all thought to relate to the same bird.

EURASIAN JACKDAW - Corvus monedula Breeding resident. Forms roosts outside the breeding season. The numbers reported this year were higher than last year during every month, with the exception of December when relatively few birds were reported. Reports include: Camel Est: 131 on 20th Nov. Crean: 200 on 6th Nov. Heamoor: 400 on 23rd Jul. Marazion Marsh: 400 on 4th Jan: 640 on 5th Jan: 300 on 1st Mar. Menabilly: 500 on 27th Sep: 300 on 23rd Dec. Porthgwarra: 180 on 19th Oct: 170 on 2nd Nov. Ruan Lanihorne: 100 on 8th Feb. Sancreed: 223 on 3rd Nov. Trereife: 114 on 2nd May. Trethewey: 120 on 11th Jul: 200 on 14th Jul. Trewidden: 380 on 2nd Aug.

ROOK - Corvus frugilegus Breeding resident. Forms large roosts outside the breeding season. Of the common members of the family Corvus, only the Rook has been reducing in numbers on a national basis, most likely owing to changes in the way farmland is worked. Overall numbers were higher this year than in 2000. Reports include: Bosistow: 210 on 2nd Jun. Camel Est: 420 on 18th Jan. Fowey: 200 on 23rd Oct. Marazion Marsh: 200 on 5th Jan. Menabilly: 500 on 27th Sep: 200 on 23rd Dec. Nanjizal: 125 on 29th May. Nine Maidens: 500 on 24th Jul. Ruan Lanihorne: 200 on 8th Feb. Sconner Creek: 270 on 8th Sep. Tregavarrah: 163 on 18th Dec. Trethewey: 350 on 14th Jul.

138 Rookeries were reported as follows - the figures show the number of nests counted (" - " indicates no report received): 2001 2000 1999 Baldhu - 25 - Brighton Cross 32 - 52 Bude 18 - - Canonstown 45 - - Church Cove, Lizard 11 - - Cot Valley - 6 - Denzell Mill - - 44 Dinham Woods, Camel Est. 56 34 - Goldsithney - 34 - Gwinear - 33 - Harlyn Bay - 20 - Henna Hamlet 14 - - Lamelgate - 13 9 Landrake - 6 - Little Petherick - - 42 34 - - Pendeen - 15 - Penryn River - 10 - Pentewan 19 - - Polmorla 127 - - Relubbus - 8 - Sancreed - 42 - St Breock 48 - - St Cleer - 24 16 - 68 - St Issey 11 - - St Just - 32 - Swanpool - 10 - Terras 22 - - Tideford - 15 - Townshend - 6 - Tregadillet 65 - - Tregathenan Res. 20 20 - Tregavarrah 9 - - Trewidden - 11 - Wadebridge 7 - - Winnard's Perch 24 - - Few of the rookeries reported this year were reported last year, and it would be interesting to see a definitive list of rookeries in the county.

CARRION CROW - Corvus corone Breeding resident. Exceptional movements of this bird are difficult to detect in the southwest because there is a resident population that moves around in family parties. Large concentrations do occur, mainly at estuaries where there are good feeding areas. Overall numbers this year were similar to last year. Records include: Camel Est: 117 on 2nd Jun. Porthilly: Thirty on 15th Jan. St Austell Sewage Works: Seventy on 28th Nov: Ninety on 16th Dec. Trevose Head: Forty on 14th Apr. 139 HOODED CROW - Corvus cornix Rare visitor. Bartinney Downs: One on 15th Nov MWa. Cam Brea: One on 17th Nov, presumably the Bartinney Downs bird BSW. Nanquidno: One on 14th and 19th Oct IK. Porthgwarra: One on 3rd Jun DSF. Sennen: One on 29th May BKM. It seems probable that one bird was responsible for the May/June records, and another for the autumn records, but not impossible that only one bird was involved. The county mainland total now stands at c. 55 since 1941. It has been decided by the BBRC that this is now a separate species from Carrion Crow. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 7 3 9 5 2 1 3 1 5 6 7

COMMON RAVEN - Corvus corvax Breeding resident. Occasionally forms larger groups. Many sightings are of pairs calling to each other as they fly overhead, but they also gather in flocks. Reports were received from one hundred and eleven localities. Numbers this year were similar to last year, except for September and October when numbers were high last year as a result of large flocks at Park Clay Pit and at Loveny. Reports include: Boswednack: Twelve on 18th Feb. Crowdy Res: Twenty on 30th Dec. Drift Res: Nine on 1st Oct. Labour-in-Vain: Seventeen on 3rd Aug. Mullion: Ten on 21st Oct. Park Clay Pits: Thirty-two on 31st Jan: Nineteen on 5th Jun: Thirty-two on 15th Nov: Fifty-three on 24th Nov. Polgreen Lake: Twelve on 16th Sep. Porthgwarra: Eleven on 16th Feb: Nineteen on 4th Mar: Twelve on 20th Apr: Ten on 12th Oct. Stithians Res: Eleven on 18th Feb. Trevose Head: Thirteen on 22nd Sep.

COMMON STARLING - Sturnus vulgaris Breeding resident and winter visitor. Forms huge roosts in winter. Most winter visitors have left the county by the end of February. Breeding takes place across the county, but information during the summer months is very limited. This year's numbers were similar to last year. Whilst quite large flocks were seen at Crowdy Reservoir and Marazion Marsh, no really big flocks of one million birds or more have been seen since 1996. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 51,672 3,145 3,158 5 45 61 152 4 157 29,440 223,119 188,039 Reports include: King Doniert's Stone, Bodmin Moor: 250 on 3rd Nov. Cam Brea: 1,500 on 18th Nov.

140 Colliford Res: 250 on 27th Jan. Crowdy Res: 200,000 on 17th Nov. Gillhouse: 300 on 27th Jan. Godrevy Towans: 800 on 7th Nov. Kilkhampton: 3,000 on 4th Mar. Lizard Point: 4,000 on 22nd Oct. Marazion Marsh: 50,000 on 3rd Jan: 5,000 on 22nd Oct: 10,000 on 29th Oct and 15th Nov: 90,000 on 8th Dec: 96,000 on 23rd Dec. Millbrook: 800 on 28th Jan. Nanjizal: 1,000 on 21st Oct: 800 on 17th Nov: 500 on 17th Dec. Porthgwarra: 1,200 on 20th Oct: 2,200 on 2nd Nov. Sennen: 1,000 on 17th Feb: 12,000 on 30th Oct: 7,200 on 13th Nov: 800 on 17th Dec. St Levan: 250 on 21st Oct. Tresvannack: 1,500 on 9th Feb. Trevose head: 600 on 13th Oct: 450 on 29th Oct. Upper Tamar Lake: 500 on 10th Feb.

ROSY STARLING - Sturnus roseus Regular vagrant. Helston: An adult on 19th - 29th Aug EC J, VJ. Kynance Cove: An adult on 9th Jun RCL, RK. Land's End/Sennen: A first cal on 29th Oct MWa. Lizard Village: One on 13th Jun, presumably the Kynance Cove bird ML: A first cal on 25th Sep MT. Newquay: One on 19th - 23rd Jun AMJD. (Photograph on back cover) Torpoint: One on 6th Jan LACT. Tregadillet: A first cal on 28th Oct BTC. Wadebridge: An adult on 10th - 19th Jun SMC, BMP TSH, FHCK. It is assumed that the June records were of birds that overshot their intended destination on spring migration from their wintering grounds in India, and that the first calendar birds were reverse migrants. There does appear to be an increasing trend of records, perhaps an indication that the species is extending it range northwest. The county mainland total is now c. 41 since 1965. Prior to this year no more than four birds were reported during any year. Reports are well spread with only Davidstow Airfield and Porthgwarra having three records. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 - - - - 9 3 2 11 13 2 -

HOUSE SPARROW - Passer domesticus Breeding resident. This species has suffered a dramatic reduction in numbers across the UK. In view of this situation it would be interesting to receive reports of monthly numbers at individual sites so that future changes in the county population can be monitored. Overall numbers reported increased by thirty-one per cent by comparison with last year, but that possibly only reflects better reporting. Regular reports & maximum numbers: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sancreed 4 - 5 12 12 10 22 10 10 10 10 8 Terras - 9 - - 7 28 32 - 48 49 33

141 Other reports include: Arden-Sawah: Forty-two on 18th Nov. Caerhays: Ninety-six on 11th Mar. Camel Est: Forty-seven on 28th Aug: Twenty-five on 24th Sep. Cremyll: Twenty-four on 8th Dec. Crugmeer: Sixty-five on 26th Sep. Edmonton: Thirty on 11th Nov. Holmbush: Twenty on 11th Nov. Pentire: Eighty on 10th and 20th Aug. Polgigga: Twenty-five on 20th Oct Polkerris: Twenty-five on 10th Jan. Rame Barton: Thirty on 13th Jan: Forty-five on 16th Feb. Saltash: Twenty-four on 9th Aug. Trevose Head: Fifty on 13th Sep: Fifty-five on 18th Sep. Winnard's Perch: 100 on 12th Aug.

EURASIAN TREE SPARROW - Passer montanus Occasional sightings of dispersing birds. Bred at Land's End in 1990, 1999, 2000 and 2001. It is known that most sightings are likely to be of dispersing birds, with the peak in May likely to be birds searching for new nesting sites. Land's End: Six on 15th and 24th May KAW et al. Nanjizal: Seven on 24th Jul KAW. Ruan Lanihorne: One on 4th Mar DHa. Trevose Head: One on 24th Sep - 29th Oct SMC, LW. The county mainland total is now c. 222 since 1945. Porthgwarra is the most frequently visited site with seventeen reports of sixty-nine birds. Approximate monthly totals (historic)*: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 5 6 6 6 82 8 12 6 4 45 19 14 * nine undated

RED-EYED VIREO - Vireo olivaceus Rare vagrant. Porthgwarra: One on 7th - 14th Oct IMMcK et al: A second bird on 13th Oct MDW. The mainland total is now c. 24 since 1982. Porthgwarra has most records with seven, eight if one includes one on the Scillonian off Gwennap Head. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - _ - - - 9 14 1 _

CHAFFINCH - Fringella coelebs Breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. The number of wintering birds in January was much lower than last year, but the number of birds passing through in October and November and remaining in December was much higher. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 577 103 200 45 33 82 61 41 104 4,683 3,709 1,962

142 Reports include: Arden Sawah: 180 on 18th Nov. Castle Horneck: 134 on 30th Jan. Edmonton: 325 on 11th Nov. Gwithian: 250 on 6th Jan. Kenidjack: 280 on 17th Oct. Kilkhampton: 250 on 30th Dec. Lynher Est: 150 on 23rd Dec. Nanjizal: 200 on 17th Oct: 100 on 20th Oct: 160 on 28th Oct. Nanquidno: 200 on 17th Oct. Pendower: 100 on 2nd Dec. Porthgwarra 404 on 12th Oct: 1,333 on 20th Oct: 208 on 21st Oct: 104 on 22nd Oct: 1,278 on 27th Oct: 341 on 28th Oct: 2,041 on 2nd Nov: 142 on 9th Nov. Rame Barton 150 on 23rd Dec. Sennen: 110 on 18th Oct: 100 on 2nd Nov: 220 on 13th Nov: 180 on 16th Nov. Trereife: 350 on 19th Dec. Trevose Head: 210 on 29th Oct: 130 on 5th Nov: 250 on 11th Nov: 140 on 13th Nov. Wadebridge: 400 on 30th Dec.

BRAMBLING - Fringella montifringella Winter visitor and passage migrant. A poor first quarter with hardly any birds reported, but numbers were more normal in the last quarter. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 2 1 ------28 133 37 Arden-Sawah: Three on 18th Nov. Church Cove, Lizard: One on 15th Nov. Clapper Bridge: One on 19th Jan. Colliford Res: Two on 21st Dec. Cot Valley: One on 3rd Nov. Deviock: One on 7th Oct. Drift Res: One on 21st Oct. Duloe: Two on 24th Nov. Edmonton: One on 11th Nov. Goonhilly Downs: One on 10th Nov. Goss Moor: One on 2nd Dec. Gribbin Head: Two on 26th Dec. Helston: Singles on 16th Oct, 10th Nov and 14th - 24th Dec. Kenidjack: Two on 5th Nov. Land's End: Singles on 25th Mar and 21st Nov. Lower Tamar Lake: One on 17th and 19th Nov. Marazion Marsh: Eight on 15th Nov: Twenty-one on 5th Dec. Mullion: One on 21st Oct. Nanjizal;: Present intermittently 21st Oct - 17th Dec with monthly maximums of three on 29th Oct, fifteen on 2nd Nov and one on 17th Dec. Nanquidno: Singles on 14th Oct and 1st Nov. Penlee Point, Rame Head: Two on 27th Oct - 2nd Nov, with three on 29th Oct. Porthcurno: One on 3rd Nov.

143 Porthgwarra: Present intermittently 12th Oct - 18th Nov, with monthly maximums of ten on 28th Oct and sixty-four on 2nd Nov. Rosudgeon: One on 24th Oct. Sennen: Present intermittently 27th Oct - 20th Nov, with maximum three on 3rd Nov. Siblyback Res: One on 15th Dec. Skewjack: One on 9th Feb. St Levan: Singles on 12th and 21st Oct: Three on 28th Oct: Five on 2nd Nov. Talland: One on 1st Nov. Temple: One on 16th Oct. Trethewey: Three on 23rd Nov and one on 26th Nov. Trevose Head: One on 29th Oct, two on 5th Nov and one on 11th Nov. Upton Cross: One on 1st Feb. Wadebridge: Two on 30th Dec.

EUROPEAN SERIN - Serinus serinus Rare drift migrant and occasional winter visitor. Arden-Sawah: Two on 11th Nov MDW, JDS. Nanjizal: One on 27th - 28th Apr KAW. Porthgwarra: One on 9th Nov SMC. The county total now advances to c. 115 since 1967. There have now been twenty-eight records at Porthgwarra. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 9 9 16 17 1 - - 7 30 20 5

GREENFINCH - Carduelis chloris Breeding resident that disperses widely. This species wanders widely and has become well adapted to a suburban lifestyle, feeding on garden bird feeders. Many more birds were reported this year than last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 240 50 142 33 20 62 141 17 105 1,716 768 107 Reports include: Edmonton: Thirty-four on 25th Mar: Thirty-nine on 11th Nov. Hayle: Fifty on 2nd Jan: Twenty-eight on 24th Jan: Twenty on 29th Oct. Higher Lampetho Farm: 300 on 29th Oct: 300 on 20th Nov: Forty on 11th Dec. Kilkhampton: Twenty-nine on 14th Mar. Lamelgate: Twenty-two on 24th Nov. Land's End: 300 on 27th Oct. Lanhoose: Eighty on 15th Jan. Lizard Point: 100 on 27th Jul. Marazion Marsh: Twenty on 14th Nov: Thirty-five on 19th Dec. Nanjizal: 100 on 18th Oct. Par beach Pool: Forty on 21st Jan: Thirty on 2nd Feb: Twenty-eight on 30th Mar Polgigga: Thirty-one on 20th Oct. Polrudden: Fifty on 13th Oct.

144 Porthgwarra: 558 on 20th Oct: 122 on 27th Oct. Sancreed: Twenty-eight on 1st Sep. Sennen: 190 on 18th Oct. St Columb: Forty on 1st Jan - 28th Feb. Trevose Head: Fifty-five on 13th Oct: 127 on 5th Nov: 220 on 11th Nov. Walmsley: Seventy on 15th Sep.

GOLDFINCH - Carduelis carduelis Breeding resident, summer visitor, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers in January were lower than last year, but there was a substantial increase in numbers ii September. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 235 81 70 188 34 44 23 236 1,749 772 482 210 Reports include: Boslymon: 120 on 29th Aug. Camel Est: Ninety on 24th Sep. Castle Horneck: 108 on 30th Jan. Colliford Res: 500 on 14th Sep. Empacombe: 135 on 24th Sep. Lizard Point: 200 on 8th Sep. Penlee Point, Rame Head: 400 on 23rd Sep: 100 on 9th Oct. Rame Head: 250 on 9th Oct. Trevose Head: 135 on 24th Sep: 120 on 29th Sep. Trewithian: 150 on 30th Nov.

SISKIN - Carduelis spinus Scarce breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Prior to 1970, Siskins were only a rare winter visitor and passage migrant. Winter numbers increased almost annually and the species then established itself as a regular breeding species in the mid-1980's, partly owing to the increase in coniferous plantations on Bodmin Moor. Overall numbers were similar to last year, except that there was a larger passage in October. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 116 153 24 16 34 15 7 1 115 699 90 35 Reports include: Bicton Wood: Sixty-six on 6th Feb. Bodmin: Forty-six on 10th Feb. Bosigran: Forty on 2nd Oct. Liskeard: Thirty-five on 30th Oct. Nanjizal: 100 on 17th Oct. Nanquidno: Eighty on 17th Oct. Porthgwarra: Seventy-eight on 20th Oct: Thirty-four on 2nd Nov. Rame Head: Twenty-five on 9th Oct. Sennen: Forty-five on 18th Oct. Wherry Town: Thirty-four on 5th Jan.

145 LINNET - Carduelis cannabina Breeding resident, summer visitor and passage migrant. Unlike many farmland species, there has not been a dramatic reduction in the Linnet population and they can be seen on most open areas of coastal gorse during summer. Although fewer birds were seen in January this year than were seen last year, most other months saw increased numbers. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1,317 707 755 388 89 192 825 766 2,017 2,772 1,308 599 Reports include: Bass Point: 500 on 1st Sep. Carnmenellis: 150 on 29th Jun. Colliford Res: 225 on 21st Jul. Davidstow Airfield: 140 on 6th Sep. Edmonton: 165 on 11th Nov. Empacombe: 300 on 4th Mar. Kilmarth: 200 on 23rd Dec. Lizard Point: 100 on 24th Feb: 140 on 27th Jul: 200 on 26th Oct. Maker Heights: 400 on 27th Jan. Military Road, Penlee: 500 on 9th Oct. Nanjizal: 130 on 14th Aug: 150 on 4th Sep. Par Beach: 135 on 6th Feb. Pentire Point: 130 on 20th Aug: 150 on 20th Oct: 366 on 3rd Nov. Rame Head: 250 on 5th Jan: 120 on 9th Feb: 100 on 31st Mar: 1,000 on 9th Oct. Sancreed: 100 on 14th Jan. Sennen: 230 on 26th Nov: 270 on 3rd Dec. St Agnes Head: 210 on 24th Sep. The Hatts: 150 on 4th Aug. Tregantle Fort: 200 on 3rd Mar. Treskilling: 200 on 2nd Sep. Trevose Head: 300 on 25th Aug: 290 on 29th Sep: 280 on 13th Oct: 159 on 5th Nov. Yeale Farm, Fowey: 300 on 4th Jul.

LESSER REDPOLL - Carduelis cabaret Scarce resident, uncommon passage migrant and winter visitor. A better year than last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - 44 - 2 4 23 14 30 - 5 17 1 All reports were of single birds apart from the following: Bodmin: Forty-three on 10th Feb. Coads Green: Five on 13th Jun. Crowdy Res: Two on 10th Nov. Halvana Plantation: Twelve on 10th Jun: Four on 7th Jul: Five on 28th Jul. Nanjizal: Two on 3rd - 4th Nov: Three on 15th Nov. Porthgwarra: Three on 10th Nov. Porthmeor: Two on 9th Nov. Smallacombe Plantation: Four on 15th Jul.

146 Trebartha Wood: Thirty on 22nd Aug. Trewonnard: Five on 13th Jun.

COMMON CROSSBILL - Loxia curvirostra Winter visitor. An irruptive species, recorded annually since 1979. Has bred. Chyuerton/Brickmoor Plantation: Two on 29th Jul: One on 15th Aug APH. Colliford Res: Four on 24th Nov SMC. Croft Pascoe Plantation: Four on 8th Jul: Eight on 4th Aug DSF, SFE. Crowdy Res: Five on 27th Jul: Forty-two on 1st Nov SMC. Goonhilly Downs: Eight on 4th Aug BSW. Marazion Marsh: Four on 11th Jul DSF. Nanjizal: Eight on 14th Aug: Thirty-seven on 20th Aug: One on 28th Aug: Three on 18th Nov KAW. Porthcurno: Two on 3rd Nov DJC. Porthgwarra: Nineteen on 26th Aug BD: One on 11th Nov JL. Rosudgeon: Ten on 25th Jul PAD. Sancreed: Five on 14th Jul: Ten on 27th Aug DSF. Smallacombe Plantation: Four on 15th Jul SMC. St Levan: One on 19th Aug SML, MCH. Stithians Res: Two on 1st Aug DE. Numbers vary considerably from year to year, as demonstrated by the approximate monthly totals shown below. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1979 - - - - 5 - - - 3 - 1980 - - - - 3 - - - - - 1981 - - - - - 5 - - - - 1982 An undated record of a dead bird at Smallacombe 1983 - - - - 5 1 - 1 1 - 1984 - 9 2 - - 5 7 6 4 2 1985 Est. 6 10 4 7 4 39 107 10 5 71 29 16 1986 13 2 2 23 1 3 66 28 13 5 5 - 1987 - - 2 1 4 2 - 6 - 6 1 1988 - - 9 6 40 9 18 6 16 16 1989 2 13 ------1990 - - 2 1 123 35 81 83 52 48 1991 60 - 18 20 19 34 23 9 19 3 10 13 1992 6 14 7 2 14 - - - - - 1 1993 - 3 - 3 13 80 49 13 22 23 1994 - 29 30 3 1 38 5 2 1 - - 1995 5 - - 1 - - - 1 - - 1996 - - - - 2 - - 2 - 1997 3 _ 122 564 13 31 151 14 8 1998 - - 5 - - - - - 1 - 1999 _ - _ 7 7 32 9 34 36 32 2000 3 - 1 - 4 2 - 2 - - 2001 - - 36 93 - - 52 -

BULLFINCH - Pyrrhula pyrrhula Breeding resident with some dispersal. This timid species tends to move around in pairs or small family groups and, consequently, has often not been fully recorded in the past. Ringing activities indicate that there is a continuous small turnover

147 of birds after the breeding season, further increasing the difficulty of compiling accurate informatior Numbers reported were similar to last year. Reports include: Goonhilly Downs: Seven on 7th Jan. Goss Moor: Seven on 2nd Dec. Halvana Plantation: Eight on 10th Jun. Nanjizal: Six on 29th Oct. Penlee Point, Rame Head: Six on 25th Aug. Porthgwarra: Six on 20th Oct. Treveal: Ten on 14th Oct.

HAWFINCH - Coccothraustes coccothraustes Occasional visitor. Lizard Village: One on 5th Apr ML, PLS. Trengwainton: One on 10th Dec RC, KAW. The county total is now c. 92 since 1933. Records are well spread, but Porthgwarra has had six records and Nanjizal has had seven. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 6 4 8 9 3 6 7 - 4 31 7 7

LAPLAND LONGSPUR - Calcarius lapponicus Scarce drift migrant in autumn, and rare winter visitor. Very rare inland. Brew, Sennen: One on 12th Dec MWa. Cape Cornwall: One on 9th Jan MTE. Nanjizal: One on 21st Sep: One on 12th Oct: One on 18th Nov KAW. Porthgwarra: Five on 13th Oct BSW, MWa, JDS: Two on 22nd Oct SMC: One on 28th Oct SMC: One on 2nd Nov SMC: One on 11th Nov JL. Raftra Farm: One on 17th Nov MDW. Reskajeage: Four on 6th - 7th Jan DSF. Sennen: One on 12th Dec BSW. Towednack: Two on 3rd Nov BSW. Trethewey: One on 24th Nov KAW. Trevose Head: One on 29th Oct, 5th Nov and 11th Nov SMC. 2000: Arden Sawah: Two on 1st Oct, possibly the Nanjizal birds: One on 26th Oct. MDW There was considerable growth in the numbers reported between 1968 and 1993, but there appears to have been some reduction in latter years, as shown below. Approximate monthlv totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1968 ------2 3 2 - 1969 ------1 - - 1970 ------1 3 - 1971 _ _ _ - - - _ _ 2 _ _ 1972 _ _ _ _ _ - 1 1 _ _ 1973 ------_ 4 4 10 1974 ______1975 ------_ 1 4 14 -

148 1976 - 1 ------2 2 6 - 1977 ------3 7 18 - 1978 ------2 2 - - 1979 ------1 12 10 - 1980 - 5 ------4 8 1 - 1981 4 8 5 1982 ------7 2 - 1983 ------7 3 - 1984 ------6 11 2 1 1985 ------13 51 9 2 1986 ------11 27 11 - 1987 ------20 64 47 - 1988 7 38 30 1989 ------17 31 3 - 1990 ------4 89 2 - 1991 ------2 26 1 - 1992 ------15 17 - - 1993 ------39 49 16 4 1994 ------3 8 3 - 1995 ------7 20 2 1 1996 - - 2 - - - - - 3 10 4 2 1997 ------5 17 8 2 1998 ------7 19 3 - 1999 ------1 9 1 - 2000 1 ------6 31 10 - 2001 5 ------1 10 9 2

SNOW BUNTING - Plectrophenax nivalis Uncommon drift migrant (mainly in autumn) and winter visitor. Cape Cornwall: One on 6th Oct: Two on 1st and 9th Nov. Drift Res: One on 11th Nov. Godrevy Point: One on 1st Dec. Godrevy Towans: Two on 7th Nov. Gwithian: One on 11th Nov. Hayle Est: One on 11th - 12th Oct: One on 24th, 25th and 27th Oct. Helston: One on 10th Jan. Maer Lake: One on 24th Oct. Marazion Marsh: One on 5th Dec. Morwenstow: One on 21st Oct. North Cliffs: One on 15th Oct. Pendeen watch: One on 17th Oct. Porth Mear, Park Head: One on 13th Oct. Porthgwarra: Two on 27th Oct: One on 2nd Oct: One on 9th Nov. Sancreed: One on 11th Nov. Sennen: One on 2nd Nov. St A gnes Head: One on 8th Oct. St Anthony: One on 18th Nov. Towan Head: Three on 7th Nov: One on 15th Nov. Trethewey: Two on 26th Nov. Trevose Head: One on 11th Nov. The approximate monthly totals for the last twenty-five years show considerable fluctuations in numbers between years, but no particular pattern.

149 Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1977 - 2 1 ------10 10 3 1978 - - 6 ------4 2 - 1979 - - 1 ------4 1 - 1980 ------2 9 3 - 1981 - - 1 - - - - - 1 7 5 - 1982 ------5 54 9 1 1983 - - - 4 2 - - - 2 17 5 - 1984 - 1 1 ------18 4 - 1985 4 12 ------1 23 39 8 1986 1 - 3 ------6 27 21 1987 12 12 1 - - - - - 27 100 21 26 1988 120 16 12 - - - - - 6 180 43 1 1989 66 46 4 1 - - - - - 13 16 16 1990 - 2 1 - - - - - 1 19 11 - 1991 1 31 ------6 22 3 6 1992 3 4 1 - - - - - 1 13 5 2 1993 ------38 7 1 1994 ------6 8 - 1995 1 1 1 ------16 1 - 1996 1 - 3 - - - - - 47 441 137 7 1997 18 2 8 - - - - - 9 15 2 5 1998 1 ------1 7 12 - 1999 ------2 92 30 1 2000 9 - 2 ------9 4 1 2001 1 ------10 20 2

YELLOWHAMMER - Emberiza citrinella Breeding resident with some dispersal. Like all members of the Emberiza family, the Yellowhammer is becoming a less and less common sight in the British countryside. Its numbers have reduced more quickly than any other farmland species, and one wonders if it is following the same path as the Corn Bunting. Numbers reported this year were less than last year, a major factor being the number of birds seen in January. Initial work on the Cornish Bird Atlas appears to indicate that numbers are declining more quickly in the west than in the southeast of the county. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Sancreed 4 8 8 4 2 4 4 3 - - 1 6 Terras to Melbur Pits - 2 - - 1 2 1 - - 6 2 2 Reports include: Cot Valley: Twelve on 11th Sep. Duloe: Forty on 3rd Feb. Jericho Valley: Eleven on 24th Jan. St Columb Major: Fifteen on 24th Jan. Trelion: Ten on 16th Jun.

CIRL BUNTING - Emberiza cirlus Rare breeding resident up to 1999, but not recorded in 2000. There has been a protracted decline over the last twenty years of this once common and widespread farmland species. Up to 15 pairs were located in the southeast of the county in 1967 and birds were still present at fifteen sites in 1975. The UK population is almost exclusively restricted to south Devon

150 but a recent increase in that population has not been reflected in Cornwall where this species now maintains only the most tenuous of footholds. Indeed, the Cirl Bunting has become so rare in Cornwall that we wish to receive descriptions for any sightings (unless covered by the 'three observer' rule). The RSPB are very keen to receive information about sightings so that, if it is established that birds frequent a particular area, they can make efforts to introduce special land management schemes. There were no confirmed records this year.

ORTOLAN BUNTING - Emberiza hortulana Scarce drift migrant, mainly in autumn. Nanjizal: A first cal was ringed on 21st Sep KAW. (Photograph in centre pages) The county mainland total is now c.136 since 1956. This is the ninth record at Nanjizal. Most records have been at Porthgwarra where there have been twenty-one reports, and there have been thirteen at Trevose Head. Approximate monthly totals (historic): Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec - - - 2 3 - - 10 96 24 1 -

REED BUNTING - Emberiza schoeniclus Scarce breeding resident, passage migrant and winter visitor. Numbers reported this year were eighty-two per cent higher than last year. Approximate monthly totals: Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 88 18 11 22 28 27 4 30 5 68 60 98 Reports include: Colliford Res: Seventy-six on 23rd Dec. Goss Moor: Eighty on 21st Jan. Gwallon: Seven on 6th Jan. Lamelgate: Eight on 1st Jun. Laneast: Six on 6th Oct. Marazion Marsh: Six on 23rd Mar and 6th Jun. Porthgwarra: Seven on 12th Oct: Nineteen on 20th Oct: Six on 21st Oct: Eighteen on 27th Oct: Fifteen on 2nd Nov: Six on 9th Nov. Sennen: Six on 24th Nov: Seven on 18th Dec. Upper Tamar Lake: Twelve on 3rd Aug: Sixteen on 24th Aug: Ten on 10th Nov.

CORN BUNTING - Emberiza calandra Uncommon breeding resident. The main foothold of this species is along a narrow coastal strip on the north side of the county, between Rumps Point and Godrevy Point, where the prevailing weather conditions have meant that farming practices have not changed as dramatically as in many other parts of the county. This is yet another farmland species undergoing a continuing national decline. Numbers reported this year were twenty-seven per cent lower than last year. Harlyn Bay: One on 28th Aug. Military Road, Penlee: One on 5th Jun. Mother Ivy's Bay: One on 4th Jun. Nanjizal: One on 1st Apr. New Polzeath: One on 17th Oct. 151 Pendower: One on 26th May. Pentire Point: One on 27th Jan: Four on 7th Jul: One on 28th Aug. Rame Head: One on 23rd Feb: One on 15th May - 20th Nov. Reskajeage: Two on 9th Jun. Rumps Point/Pentire: Two on 8th Jul: Three on 9th Jul: Two on 20th Aug. Trebelsue: Two on 4th May: One on 11th May: One on 2nd Dec. Trevilley: One on 20th May. Trevose Head: Maximum counts of one in Jan, three in Mar, thirty-one in Apr, five in May, twelve in Aug, ten in Sep, seven in Oct and eight in Nov. Treyarnon: One on 23rd Apr. Watergate Bay: One on 31st May.

EXOTICA

BLACK SWAN Boscundle: Two on 16th Jul. Drift Res: One on 2nd - 29th Nov.

BAR-HEADED GOOSE Bude Marshes: One on 8th - 25th Jan. Camel Est: One on 9th and 12th Aug: Two on 19th Aug: One on 3rd Sep, 23rd - 25th Sep and 8th Oct. Colliford Res: One on 10th Nov - 23rd Dec. Crowdy Res: One or two birds on 12th Jul - 18th Aug, and one on 30th Aug - 12th Oct and 1 st - 3rd Nov. Upper Tamar Lake: One on 15th Jan, 7th Feb, 14th Feb and 24th Feb.

RINGED TEAL Trenance Lake: One (first seen in July 1997) on 9th and 24th Feb, 17th Mar and 22nd Dec.

MUSCOVY DUCK Colliford Res: One on 17th Aug. Dozmary Pool: One on 22nd Sep. Drift Res: One on 5th Jan - 9th Nov. Marazion Marsh: One on 20th - 21st Apr, 3rd May and 9th May. Newlyn Harbour: One on 9th May. Par Beach Pool: Eleven on 23rd Oct: Twenty on 1st - 30th Nov, with twelve remaining to 25th Dec. Porth Res: What was presumably the resident bird from last year was reported on 28th Jul. St Andrew's Pool: One on 9th Sep.

WOOD DUCK East Looe River: A male on 26th Jan and 30th Sep was presumably the Seaton bird. Helston Boating Lake: Last year's female on 1st Jan - 6th Feb. Seaton: A male was present all year and was presumably the bird that spent the previous year on East Looe River having originally appeared at that site in Jan 1999.

HARRIS HAWK Helman Tor: One (first seen on 24th May 2000) on 18th Mar.

152 REPORTS FOR WHICH DETAILS ARE STILL REQUIRED

All the 2001 reports listed below require documentation, no descriptions having been submitted by observers. If you saw and can confirm the details of any of these birds, please forward a description to the County Recorder. Night Heron: Land's End: One on 24th Mar. Purple Heron: Marazion Marsh: One on 22nd Apr. Black Stork: Portscatho: One on 4th Nov. Green-winged Teal: Drift Reservoir: One on 30th Jan. American Black Duck: Tresemple Pool: One on 11th Jan. Ring-necked Duck: Helston Boating Lake: Three first cal males on 23rd Oct. European Honey Buzzard: Botus Fleming: One on 25th May. Red-footed Falcon: Caer Bran: A first cal male on 3rd Jul. Porthgwarra: One on 25th Jun. Corn Crake: Cot Valley: One on 13th Oct. Pendower Beach: One on the cliff path on 25th May. St Levan: A first cal on 22nd Aug. American Golden Plover: Maer Lake: A first cal on 9th Nov - 31st Dec. A second first cal on 30th Nov - 8th Dec. Pectoral Sandpiper: Tolgus: One on 3rd Sep. Long-tailed Skua: Pendeen Watch: One on 24th Aug: One on 4th Sep. St Ives: One on 16th Sep. Western Yellow-legged Gull: Drift Res: One on 30th Mar. Sennen: A second cal on 1st May. Roseate Tern: Par Bay: One on 11th Jul. Sennen Cove: One on 9th Oct. St Anthony Head: Two on 26th Jun. Long-eared Owl: Land's End: One on 20th Oct. Alpine Swift: Porthgwarra: One on 17th Oct. Lesser Spotted Woodpecker: Trevarno: One on 6th - 12th May. Ferry Farm, Calstock: One on 22nd Sep. Golitha/Draynes Wood: One on 13th Jan. Sithney: One on 29th Apr. St Germans: One on 22nd Apr. Carnanton. One on 26th Apr 2000. Richard's Pipit: Sennen: Two on 27th Oct. Tawny Pipit: Caerthillian Cove: One on 3rd Oct. Nanquidno: One on 19th Oct. Rock Thrush: Looe: One brought in dead by a cat on 30th Jul. Icterine Warbler: Morwenstow: One on 6th - 13th Oct. Melodious Warbler: Nanquidno: One on 2nd Sep. Polhawn Cove: One on 26th Aug. Subalpine Warbler: Land's End: One on 13th May. Barred Warbler: Clodgy Point: One on 22nd Sep. St Ives Bay: One on 23rd Oct. Rosy Starling: Bude: One on 26th Jul - 2nd Aug. Walmsley sanctuary: A first cal on 10th Sep. European Serin: Porthgwarra: Two on 11th Nov. Nanjizal: One on 17th Oct: One on 14th Nov. Common Rosefinch: Nanquidno: One on 25th Sep. Cirl Bunting: One on 25th Feb. Ortolan Bunting: Porthgwarra: One on 18th Oct. Towednack: One on 22nd Sep.

153 FIRST & LAST DATES OF SUMMER MIGRANTS (Excluding wintering individuals)

Species Arrival Site Departure Site

European Storm Petrel 9th Apr Land's End 12th Sep Porthgwarra Garganey 9th Apr Land's End 11th Sep Hayle Estuary Hobby 24th Apr Callington 20th Oct Nanjizal Little Ringed Plover 9th Apr Maer Lake 11th Sep Upper Tamar Lake Wood Sandpiper 20th May Marazion Marsh 9th Sep Drift Reservoir Sandwich Tern 9th Mar Hannafore 27th Nov Porthpean Common Tern 25th Mar Sennen Cove 26th Oct St Ives Arctic Tern 22nd Apr Hannafore 26th Oct St Ives Little Tern 18th Apr Trevose Head 19th Sep Gannel Estuary Black Tern 14th May Land's End 31st Oct Maer Lake Puffin 30th Mar Land's End 31st Oct Trevose Head Turtle Dove 8th May Arden Sawah 10th Nov Tregeseal Cuckoo 21st Apr Boscundle 29th Aug Nanjizal Nightjar 4th Jun The Lizard 28th Aug West Penwith Swift 5th Apr Trevose Head 4th Sep Maer Lake Sand Martin 8th Mar Maer Lake 9th Oct Forder Swallow 9th Jan Newlyn 17th Dec St Austell Sewage Works House Martin 11th Feb Newlyn 18th Nov Lamorna Cove Tree Pipit 27th Apr Trevose Head 3 rd Nov Military Road, Penlee Yellow Wagtail 7th Apr St Just 20th Oct Nanjizal Alba White Wagtail 16th Mar Trevose Head 24th Oct Pendeen Redstart 14th Apr Nanjizal 31st Dec Looe Whinchat 2nd May Lizard Point 9th Dec Siblyback Reservoir Wheatear 9th Mar Godrevy Point 13th Nov Sennen Cove Ring Ouzel 24th Mar Land's End 10th Nov Jericho Valley Grasshopper Warbler 8th Apr Nanjizal 21st Sep Nanjizal Sedge Warbler 15th Apr Marazion Marsh 19th Oct Porthgwarra Reed Warbler 19th Apr Marazion Marsh 1 st Nov Land's End Lesser Whitethroat 22nd Apr Trevose Head 10th Nov Land's End Common Whitethroat 16th Apr Adams Hill 23rd Oct St Levan Garden Warbler 3rd Mar Golitha/Draynes Wood 5th Nov Church Cove Wood Warbler 26th Aug Porthgwarra 15th Oct Church Cove Willow Warbler 2nd Mar Wheal Kitty 13th Dec Par Beach Pool Spotted Flycatcher 2nd May Lizard Point 25th Oct Drift Reservoir Pied Flycatcher 24th Apr Kennack Sands 24th Oct Cot Valley

CONTRIBUTORS R. C. S. Abbott (RCA) A. E. C. Aston (AECA) G. S. Bilbao (GSB) A. & C. D. Abrams (A&CDA) J.F. Babbington (JFB) C. L. Bingham (CLB) B. Adcott (BAt) K. Ballard (KB) Birding South West (BSW) M. K. Ahmad (MKA) B. E. Balmer (BEB) A. Blonden (AB) P. H. Aley (PHA) M. E. Barker (MEBa) P. Blonden (PB) R. E. Allen (REA) C. C. Barnard (CCB) B. D. Blowers (BDB) K. Allsop (KA1) P. Bedford (PB) A. Boyt (ABo) A. K. Anderson (AKA) C. Beer (CB) R. Bradbury (RBr) G.Q. Anderson (GQA) M. Beer (MB) C. Briggs (CBr) R. Andrews (RA) C. & C. Beesley (C&CB) P. Bright-Thomas (PBT) C. Andrews (CA) R. M. Belringer (RMB) D. Brown (DBn)

154 J.D. Bryden (JDB) P. Greenstreet (PG) A. Lord (AL) J. Bufton (JoB) E. Griffiths (EG) D. Lord (DL) S. Bury (SB) J. & A. Griffiths (J&AG) M. Lord (ML) C. Cadbury (CCy) S. D. Gunn (SDG) S.C. Madge (SCM) K. Cairns (KC) V. Gunn (VG) P. A. Maker (PAM) T. M. Carne (TMC) E.G. Gynn (EGG) B. Makin (BiM) J. Chappie (JC) T. S. Hale (TSH) S. F. Marshall (SFM) P. S. C Chesbrough (PSC) D. Hall (DHa) J. Martin (JM) J. Chesher (JCr) M. C. Hall (MCH) C. Mason (CM) D. J. Chown (DJC) R. Harper (RHa) P. McCartney PMcC) S. M. Christophers (SMC) B. Harris (BH) I. M. McKerchar (IMMcK) B. Chugg (BCh) J. Harris (JH) B. K. Mellow (BKM) J. Clarke (JCke) K. Harris (KH) H. Mollard (HM) D. Clegg (DCg) P. J. Harrison (PJH) M. P. Moody (MPM) A. Clifton (AC) H. J. Harvey (HJH) B. Morris (BM) D.A. Conway (DAC) T. Hassall (TH) J. D. Mortemore (JDMe) G. J. Conway (GJC) A. Hathaway (AH) K. 0. Mortimore (KOM) C. Coombes (CC) J. H. Hawkey (JHH) C. Mucklow (CMu) B. R. Cox (BRC) M. J. Healan (MJH) J. F. Murray (JFM) B .T. Craven (BTC) C. D. R. Heard (CDRH) H Netley (HN) A. Crawford (ACr) S. M. J. Heather (SMJH) W. C. Northcott (WCN) R. Cruickshank (RC) N. Hewitt (NH) M. Ochard (MO) S. Crummay (SCr) B. Hibbert (BH) J.B.O'Connel-Davidson (JBO-D) D. Curtis (DCs) G. Hobin (GH) B. O'field (BO) P. Daltry (PD) L. Hopkins (LH) H. Page (HP) A. M. J. Davey (AMJD) P. Hoskin (PnH) A. J. Park (AJP) I. Davis (IDa) F. J. Hull (FJH) S. A. Park (SAP) T. J. Dingle (TJD) D. Jackins (DJ) A. Parks (AP) B. Dodd (BD) J. D. Jackson (JDJ) A. R. Pay (ARP) C.Doughty (CD) G. C. Jackson (GCJ) J. Pearce (JP) J. & D. Duffy (J&DD) E. C. James (ECJ) S. J. Pearman (SJP) P.A. Dukes (PAD) J. W. James (JWJ) K. Pellow (KP) J. Dustow (JD) R. M. R. James (RMJ) R.D. Penhallurick (RDP) M. Eaton (ME) A. Jayne (AJ) J.C. Pett (JCP) P. Edmonds (PE) M. F. John (MFJ) R. M. Phillips (RMP) M. T. Elliot (MTE) D. Johnson (DJ) A. S. Pilbeam (ASP) S.F. Elton (SEE) D. L. Johnson (DLJ) M. Pitham (MP) D. Eva (DE) R. Johnson (RJn) T. K. Plummer (TKP) L. G. R. Evans (LGRE) R. A. Jones (RAJ) D.A. Polgrean (DAP) C. Eyre (CE) D. I. Julian (DIJ) L. J. Proctor (LJP) D.S. Flumm (DSF) R. Kemp (RK) P. Prowse (PPe) H. C. Flumm (HCF) I. C. H. Kendall (IK) T. Riddle (TR) A. Ford (AF) F. H. C. Kendall (FHCK) D. J. Rigby (DJR) W. Francis (WF) P. Kennedy (PK) R.D. Riley (RDR) P.A. Fraser (PAF) S. Kolodziejski (SK) J. Ritchie (JeR) P. French (PF) W. D. Lambden (WDL) S. G. Rowe (SGR) M. P. Frost (MPF) R. Lane (RL) M. J. Rule (MJRe) R. M. Frost (RMF) A. A. Langford (AAL) C. Ruse (ChR) S. Gamester (SaG M. Langham (MLa) D Russel (DRu) G. S. Gay (GSGy) J. Lawman (JL) P.A. Rutter (PAR) S. Geary (SG) M. Lawson (MLw) K. Ryan (KR) R. Gendell (RG) G. D. Lewis (GDL) M. P. Semmens (MPS) G. Goddard (GGd) S. M. Lister (SML) P. T. Sillifant (PTS) R. W. Gould (RWG) R. C. Loader (RCL) W. Simpson (WSn) G. S. Grant (GSG) L. Lock (LL) R. Smaldon (RSn)

155 G. N. Smith (GNS) G. P. Sutton (GPS) R. J. Watts (RJW) M. Southam (MS) J.D. Swan (JDS) L. Webb (LW) W. H. Sowerby (WHS) G. J. Tamblin (GJT) J. N. Wells (JNW) C. J. Sparks (CJS) J. Tarr (JT) R. West (RWe) H. A. Spiller (HAS) J. Taylor (JT) C. Whitworth (CW) J. Spiller (JS) D. L. Thomas (DLT) M. K. Wightman (MKW) J. Spiller (JSr) G. H. Thomas (GHT) R. Wilkins (RW) G. Spinks (GS) D. Tripplett (DaT) E. H. Williams (EHW) I. Standivan (IS) L. A. C. Truscott (LACT) L.P. Williams (LPW) A. B. Stewart (ABS) V. R. Tucker (VRT) E. J. Wilson (EJW) I. R. Stewart (IRS) M. Tunmore (MT) I. M. Wilson (IMW) J. J. Stewart (JJS) S. Venton (SV) K. A. Wilson (KAW) M. E. Stewart (MES) R. E. Wake (REW) P. M. Wilson (PMW) W. Stewart (WS) P.A. Wakelin (PAW) M. J. Witherall (MJW) J. Stockhausen (JS) M. D. Wallace (MDW) D. Wood (DW) R. Stockhausen (RS) M. Wallen (MWn) K. Wood (KW) V. A. Stratton (VAS) M. Warren (MWa) J. Wright (JWt) P. L. Stubbs (PLS) D. Watson (DW) D. M. Yelland (DMY)

PHOTOGRAPHERS

Copies of some photographs used in this report may be obtained direct from the following photographer who has kindly allowed us to use his work:

Gary Cockill, 6 Polhigey Terrace, Carnmenellis, Redruth, Cornwall, TR16 6PG

GAZETTEER

This list contains most of the place names mentioned in the Systematic List.

Grid references refer to the four-figure square in which the site (or the majority of it) lies. All sites are marked on the 1:25 000 or 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey maps (Landranger series), sheets 190, 200, 201, 203 and 204.

Adams Hill SW4025 Barras Nose SX0589 Bissoe SW7741 Alex Tor SX1178 Bartinney Downs SW3929 Black Head, Coverack SW7716 Allen Valley SX0476 Basset's Cove SW6344 Black Head, St. Austell SX0447 Allet SW7948 Bass Point SW7111 Black Rock SW6634 Altarnun SX2281 Bastreet SX2476 Blackacre SW9461 Amble Confluence SW9774 Battery Rocks SW4729 Blackcombe Wood SX2874 Amble Marshes SW9874 Baulk Head SW6522 Blackcross By-pass SW9060 Amy Down SX3666 Bawden Rocks SW6545 Blackpool Clay Pit SW9854 Anderton SX4352 Beagles Point SW7616 Blacktor Downs SX1573 Angarrack SW5838 Bear Wood SX1164 Blue Hills, St Agnes SW7252 Antony SX3954 Bear's Downs SW8968 Boat (Trenow) Cove SW5329 Antony Passage SX4157 Bearah Tor SX2574 Bochym SW6820 Arallas SW8544 Bedruthan Steps SW8469 Bodelva Moor Ponds SX0555 Arden-Sawah SW2722 Beeny Cliff SX1092 Bodgara SX2686 Argal Reservoir SW7632 Berry Down SX3755 Bodieve SW9973 Ashill SW6142 Bethel SX0352 Bodigga Cliff SX2754 Ashton SW6028 Bilton Wood SX3169 Bodinnick SX1352 Badger's Cross SW4833 Biscovey SX0653 Bodmin SX0666 Bake SX3258 Bishops Quay SW7225 Bodmin Moor SX1876 Baldhu SW7742 Bishops Wood SX0070 Bodmin Parkway Stn SX1164

156 Bodmin Sewage Works SX0566 Butter's Tor Marsh SX1678 Chapel Amble SW9975 Bofarnel Downs SX1163 Butterwell, Nanstallon SW0267 Chapel Point SX0243 Bogee Farm SW9069 Cadgwith SW7214 Chapel Porth SW6949 Bois House SX1774 Cadsonbury SX3467 Charlestown SX0351 Bolingey Marsh SW7653 Caer Bran SW4029 Cheesewring SX2572 Bolventor SX1876 Caerhays SW9741 Chiverton Cross SW7446 Bone Valley SW4632 Caerloggas SW9557 Chiverton Farm SW5429 Bonython SW6920 Caerthillian Cove SW6913 Church Cove, Gunwalloe SW6620 Booby's Bay SW8575 Calenick Creek SW8343 Church Cove, Lizard SW7112 Boquio Downs SW6633 Callington SX3669 Chyenhal SW4528 Borlase Wood SW8540 Calstock SX4368 Chyauster SW4734 Bosanketh SW3826 Camborne SW6540 Chy Pond SX1772 Boscadjack SW6631 Camel Estuary SW9374 Chyuerton SW7951 Boscastle SX0990 Camel Quarry SW9537 Clapper Bridge SX3565 Boscawen Park, Truro SW8343 Camel River SX0267 Clarrick Wood SX4351 Boscathnoe Reservoir SW4531 Camelford SX1083 Cleave Camp SS2012 Boscawen Park SW8343 Candra SX1179 Clift SX4055 Boscawen Pond SW8245 Canonstown SW5235 Clifton SX4264 Boscoppa SX0253 Cape Cornwall SW3531 Cligga Head SW7353 Boscundle SX0453 Carbis Bay SW5239 Clitters SX3772 Bosigran SW4236 Carbis Moor SX0255 Clodgy Point SW5041 Bosistow SW3623 Cardinham SX1268 Coads Green SX2976 Boskenna SW4125 Cardinham Woods SX1067 Cober Valley, Wendron SW6731 Boskenwyn SW6927 Cargenwen/Crowan Res. SW6535 Colan SW8661 Bosloe SW7727 Cargloth SX3354 Coldrose Farm, Truro SW8248 Boslowick SW7931 Cargreen SX4362 Coldvreath SW9858 Boslymon SX0761 Carland Cross SW8453 College Reservoir SW7633 Bosporthennis SW4336 Carlean Wood SW6042 Colliford Dam SX1771 Bossiney SX0689 Carloggas Downs SX0256 Colliford Downs SX1871 Boswarthen SW3433 Carluddon SX0155 Colliford Lake Park SX1773 SX1772 Boswarva SW4332 Carluddon Mica Dam SX0054 Colliford Reservoir Boswednack SW4437 Carlyon Bay SX0551 Colquite SX0570 Boswens Common SW4032 Carminowe Creek SW6524 Com Head SW9480 SX2469 Boswin SW6934 Cam Brea, Camborne SW6840 Common Moor Boswinger SW9941 Cam Brea, St. Just SW3828 Congdon's Shop SX2878 Botallack SW2632 Cam Galver SW4236 Constantine SW7329 SW8574 Botallack Head SW3634 Cam Gloose SW3531 Constantine Bay Botus Fleming SX4061 Camanton SW8764 Cooksland SX0867 Boxheater SW8253 Came Creek SW7725 Coombe SS2111 SW9552 Boy ton SX3292 Camevas SW8672 Coombe, St Austell SW6242 Bradford SX1175 Cam-les-Boel SW3523 Coombe, Tehidy SW5637 Bray's Cot Pool SW7218 Cammenellis SW6936 Copperhouse Creek SW6641 Brea SW6640 Camon Downs SW8040 Cornwall College, Camb SW9871 Breage SW6228 Carnpalla SW9754 Coronation Park, Wadeb SW3630 Brea Hill SW9277 Camsew Pool SW5537 Cot Valley SX4268 Breney Common SX0561 Camweather Point SW9580 Cotehele SX4268 Brew, Sennen SW3625 Carnworthy Water SX 2291 Cotehele Woods SX0167 Brickmoor Plant'n SW7951 Carnyorth SW3733 Cotton Wood SW7818 Brill SW7229 Carracawn Cross SX3257 Coverack SX3654 Brockabarrow Common SX1574 Carricknath Point SW8432 Crafthole SW4633 Brocton SX0168 Carrick Roads SW8335 Crankan SW7860 Bucklawren SX2655 Carthew farm, St Issey SW9571 Crantock SW3824 Bude SS2106 Camvannel Downs SW6444 Crean SX4553 Bude Bay SSI607 Carworgie SW9060 Cremyll SX0761 Bude Breakwater SS2005 Castle Beach SW8131 Creney Farm SW7220 Bude Marshes SS2005 Castle-an-Dinas (East) SW9462 Croft Pascoe SW7219 Bugle SX0159 Castle Gate SW4934 Croft Pascoe Pltn SW7319 Bunning's Park SX1872 Castle Homeck SW4530 Croft Pascoe Pool SS2007 Burniere SW9873 Cataclews Point SW8776 Crooklets Beach SW6921 Burniere Point SW9874 Cat's Cove SW8576 Cross Lanes SW7618 Burras SW6734 Catchall SW4327 Crousa Downs SW6434 Bury as Bridge SW4429 Catchfrench SX3059 Crowan Crowan Reservoir SW6535 Bury Down SX1959 Cawsand SX4350 SW6635 Bush SS2307 Cawsand Bay SX4450 Crowan Beacon

157 Gribbin Head SX0949 Crowdy Reservoir SX1483 Enniscaven SW9659 Grochall SW6914 Crowlas SW5133 Ennisworgey SW9361 Grogley Halt SX0168 Crows-an-Wra SW3927 Epphaven Cove SW9679 Grumbla SW4029 Crugmeer SW9076 Fairy Cross SX1262 Guineaport SW9971 Cubert SW7857 Falmouth SW8032 Gull Rock, Boscastle SX1193 Cubert Common SW7859 Falmouth Bay SW8130 Gull Rock, Nare Head SW9236 Cudden Point SW5427 Falmouth Docks SW8132 Gull Rock, Portreath SW6445 Culdrose SW6626 Fenteroon Bridge SX1082 SW7559 Culdrose Airfield SW6725 Feock SW8238 Gull Rocks, Penhale Pt SW8778 Curgurrell Beach SW8837 Ferry Farm, Calstock SX4569 Gulland Rock SW4831 Cury SW6721 Fiddlers Green SW8254 Gulval SX4371 Cutcrew Mill SX3386 Fishing Cove SW5942 Gunnislake SW9176 Cutmere Bridge SX3260 Flushing Sw7825 Gun Point SW8977 Dairyland SW9658 Foage SW4637 Gunver Head SW6522 Danescombe Valley SX4269 Forder SX4250 Gunwalloe SW6621 Dannonchapel SX0382 Four Lanes SW6838 Gunwalloe Marsh SW4338 Daubuz Moor, Truro SW8245 Fowey SX1251 Gurnard's Head SW5231 Davidstow Airfield SX1485 Fowey Estuary SX1254 Gwallon SW7113 Davidstow Woods SX1484 Foxhole SW9654 Gwavas SW7026 Daymer Bay SW9277 Fraddon SX9158 Gweek SW7025 Degibna Wood SW6525 Freathy SX3952 Gweek Woods SW7316 SX0683 Friendship Wood SW5431 Gwendreath SW3621 De Lank Water Works SX1376 Froe SW8633 Gwennap Head SW7417 Demain Farm SW9042 Froe Creek SW8633 Gwenter SW3627 Dennis Cove SW9274 Frogpool SW7640 Gwenver SW5937 Dennis Head SW7825 Gannel Estuary SW7961 Gwinear SW5841 Denzill Mill SW8956 Garras SW7023 Gwithian SW5841 Devoran SW7939 Garvinack Farm SW7748 Gwithian Towans SW5530 Deweymeads SX1772 Geevor Mine SW3734 Halamanning SW9469 Diggory's Island SW8467 Geonamarth Farm SW9855 Halfway House, St Jidgey SW9159 Dinas Head SW8476 Gerrans SW8735 Halloon SX1887 Dinham Woods SW9774 Gerrans Bay SW9037 Hallworthy SW9571 Ding Dong SW4334 Gerrans Point SX0348 Hals Grave SW5038 Dinham Bridge SX0373 Gillan SW7824 Halsetown SX4165 Dinnaboad SX0481 Gillan Creek SW7725 Halton Quay SX2077 Dobwalls SX2164 Gillan Harbour SW7825 Halvana Plantation SW9374 Dodman Point SX0039 Gillhill Wood SX2257 Halwyn SW6521 Dollar Cove SW3425 Gillhouse SX1873 Halzephron Cove SX2552 Doublebois SX1965 Glebe Cliff SX0488 Hannafore SX2552 Downderry SX3253 Glendurgan SW7727 Hannafore Point Doyden Point SW9680 Godolphin Cross SW6131 Hannibal's Cam SW4336 Dozmary Pool SX1974 Godolphin Wood SW6032 Harewood SX4469 SW8775 Draynes SX2169 Godrevy Island SW5743 Harlyn Draynes Bridge SX2268 Godrevy Point SW5743 Harlyn Bay SW8775 Draynes/Golitha Wood SW2268 Godrevy Towans SW5842 Harlyn Pools SW8775 Harpur's Downs SX1179 Drift SW4328 Golant SX1254 Drift Reservoir SW4329 Goldsithney SW5430 Harrowbarrow SX4070 Duckpool SS2011 Golitha/Draynes Wood SX2268 Harrowbridge SX2074 Hawker's Cove SW9177 Duloe SX2358 Golitha Falls SX2268 Dunmere SX0467 Goonhavern SW7853 Hawk's Tor, Temple SX1475 Dunmere Wood SX0468 Goonhilly Downs SW7219 Hawkstor Clay Pit SX1474 Dunveth Farm, St Breock SW9872 Goon Husband SW6625 Haye SX4166 Duporth SX0351 Goonzion Downs SX1767 Hayle SW5637 Durgan SW7727 Gorran Haven SX0141 Hayle Bay, Camel Est. SW9379 SW9459 East Colliford SX1870 Goss Moor Hayle Estuary SW5537 East Looe SX2553 Grampound SW9348 Hayle Kimbro Pool SW6916 East Looe River SX2554 Great Bosullow SW4133 Hayle Mill Pond SW5536 East Moor SX2177 Great Grogley Downs SX0167 Hayle River SW5436 East Taphouse SX1863 Great Hogus SW5130 Hayle Towans SW5638 Eastern Green Beach SW4830 Great Keiro Moor SW9675 Heamoor SW4631 Edmonton SW9672 Great Wood, St Winnow SX1256 Helford SW7526 Efflins SW8570 Greeb Point, Veryan Bay SW9740 Helford Passage SW7626 Egloshayle SX0072 Greeb Point, Portscatho SW8733 Helford River SW7726 Empacombe SX4452 Greenaway SW9278 Heligan SW9946

1 Hellandbridge SX0671 Kingsmill Lake SX4261 Long Rock SW4931 Hell's Mouth SW6042 Kit Hill SX3771 Long Rock Pool SW5031 Helman Tor SX0661 Kuggar SW7216 Longdowns SW7434 Helston SW6627 Kynance Cliff SW6713 Longstone SX0673 Helston Amenity Area SW6526 Kynance Cove, Godrevy SW5843 Looe SX2553 Helston Boating Lake SW6527 Kynance Cove, Lizard SW6813 Looe Bay SX2652 Helston Sewage Works SW6526 Kynance Downs SW6814 Looe Estuary SX2553 Helstone SX0881 Kynance Farm SW6714 Looe Island SX2551 Hemmick Beach SW9940 Labour-in-Vain SW6744 Lostwithiel SX1059 Hendersick Farm SX2352 Ladock SW8951 Loveny SX1868 Hendra, Manhay SW6931 Ladock Wood SW8851 Lower Boscaswell SW3734 Hepwell SX3064 Lady Downs, Penwith SW4736 Lower Brynn SW9862 Herodsfoot SX2160 Lamanva SW7631 Lower Moors T'ment Wk SX1283 Hessenford, Looe SX3057 Lamb Creek SW8442 Lower Predannack Down SW6814 High Cliff SX1294 Lamelgate SX2170 Lower Tamar Lake SS2911 Higher Bostraze SW3931 Lamorna SW4424 Lowerton SW6529 Higher Crill Farm SW7783 Lamorna Cove SW4524 Lowland Point SW8020 Higher SW5628 Landrake SX3860 Luckett Woods SX3972 Higher Kerrowe SW4536 Land's End SW3425 Ludgvan SW5033 Higher Lampetho Farm SX1052 Landrake SX3760 Lundy Bay SW9579 Higher Tregiffian SW3627 Landulph SX4361 Lundynant Caravan Park SW9479 Highgate SW9259 Landulph Marsh SX4261 Lusty Glaze SW8262 HMS Raleigh SX4254 Laneast SX2283 Luxulyan Valley SX0558 Hoe Point SW5727 Laneast Downs SX2384 Lwrkemyll SW4625 Holman's Moors SW4839 Lanescot SX0855 Lye Rock SX0689 Holmbush SX0352 Langdon SX2092 Lynher Estuary SX3955 Holywell Bay SW7659 Lanhainsworth SW9264 Madron SW4531 Housel Bay SW7011 Lanhoose SW8637 Maenease Point SX0141 Hudder Down SW6042 Lanhydrock SX0863 Maenporth SW7829 Hustyn Downs SX0067 Lanivet SX0364 Maer Lake SS2007 Hustyn Wood SX0069 Lanreath SX1856 Maker Heights SX4351 Idless SW8247 Lansallos SX1751 Malpas SW8442 Illogan SW6744 Lanteglose SX0882 Manaccan SW7625 Illogan Wood SW6643 Lantundle SX2158 Manare Point SW9338 Indian Queens SW9158 Lanyon Farm, Madron SW4234 Marazanvose SW8050 Industry SX2377 Lanyon Quoit SW4233 Marazion Beach SW5031 Innis Downs SX0262 Larrigan Rocks SW4629 Marazion Marsh SW5031 Innis Fish Farm SX0357 Latchbrook SX4059 Marble Cliffs SW8976 Jamaica Inn SX1876 Latchley SX4073 Marshgate SX1591 Jericho Farm SW3931 Launceston SX3384 Maudlin, Liskeard SX2664 Jericho Valley SW6951 Lelant SW5437 Mawgan SW7024 Jolly's Bottom SW7544 Lellizzick SW9077 Mawgan Porth SW8467 Jubilee Pool, Penzance SW4729 Lerryn SX1357 Mawnan SW7827 Jupiter Point SX4156 Leswidden Farm SW3930 Mayon Pit, Sennen SW3625 Kea Wood SW8442 Levant SW3734 Meachard SX0991 Kelly Bray SX3671 Lewannick SX2780 Men-An-Tol SW4234 Kelsey Head SW7660 Ligger Point SW7558 Menabilly SX1051 Kelynack SW3730 Liskeard SX2564 Menabilly Barton SX0951 Kemyll SW4625 Little Busullow SW4234 Menadarva SW6141 Kenidjack SW3632 Little Comfort SX3580 Menadue Marsh SX0358 Kenidjack Castle SW3532 Little Gribbib SX0950 Menheniot SX2962 Kennack Sands SW7316 Little London SW5230 Merope Rocks SW8676 Kennal Vale SW7437 Little Petherick SW9172 Merry Maidens SW4324 Kennards House SX2883 Little Petherick Creek SW9273 Merrymeet SX2766 Kenneggy Downs SW5629 Lizard Downs SW6913 Merry Meeting SX0874 Kensey Valley SX3285 Lizard Point SW6911 Messack Point SW8435 SW7643 Lizard Village SW7012 Meudon 5w /oZo Kerley Downs C VA1 A A SX0871 Loe Bar SW6424 Mevagissey 5AUt44 Kernick Wood t1 \7T\rl A C Kilkhampton SS2511 Loe Beach SW8238 Mevagissey Bay SX0245 Killigerran Head SW8732 Loe Pool SW6424 Middle Taphouse SX1763 CI \r \ <•} ,1 ( \ Kilmarth SX0952 Loe Valley SW6526 Military Road, Penlee SX4349 Kilmar Town SX2574 Loggans Moor SW5739 Milladon Pond SX3315 Kings Wood SX0048 London Apprentice SX0050 Mill Bay, Nanjizal SW3523 Kingsand SX4350 Long Island SX0790 Millbrook SX4252 159 Millbrook Lake SX4352 Northcott Mouth SS2008 Pentewan Beach SX0247 Millendreath SX2653 Notter Bridge SX3860 Pentire, Newquay SW7961 Milltown SX1057 Okeltor SX4468 Pentire Farm SW9380 Milltown, St Neot SX1867 Old Dane SW8162 Pentire Point SW9280 Minions SX2671 Old Kea Church SW8441 Pentire Point East SW7861 Minnows Islands SW8572 Oldtown Cove SW9373 Pentire Point West SW7761 Moditonham Quay SX4161 Otterham SX1690 Pentreath Beach SW6912 Molenick SX3361 Otterham Down SX1590 Penweathers SW7944 Moresk SW8245 Outer Retallick SW9266 Penwithick SX0256 Morvah SW4035 Padstow SW9274 Penzance SW4730 Morval SX2556 Par SX0753 Penzance Heliport SW4831 Morwenstow SS2115 Par Bay SX0852 Penzance Railway Stn. SW4730 Mory Island SW8263 Par Beach SX0853 Perbargus Point SW9541 Mother Ivey's Bay SW8676 Par Beach Pool SX0853 Percuil SW8534 Mount Araret SX4064 Par Docks SX0752 Perran-ar-Worthal SW7778 Mount Charles SX0252 Par Moor SX0552 Perran Bay SW7555 Mount Edgecumbe CP SX4552 Par Pools SX0854 Perran Downs SW5530 Mount Hawke SW7147 Par River SX0753 Perran Sands SW5429 Mount Pleasant SX0062 Park Clay Pit SX1970 Perranporth SW7554 Mount's Bay SW4930 Park Head SW8470 Perranporth Airfield SW7352 Mousehole SW4726 Paul SW4627 Perranporth Dunes SW7554 Mullion SW6718 Pawton SW9570 Perranuthnoe SW5329 Mullion Cove SW6617 Pednvadon SW8835 Perranuthnoe Cliffs SW5428 Mullion Golf Course SW6620 Pelynt SX2054 Perranwell SW7752 Mullion Island SW6617 Pemboa SW6826 Petherwin SX2889 Murray ton SX2854 Penally SX0991 Picklecombe SX4550 Music Water SW9068 Penarrow Point SW8234 Piece SW6739 Mylor Bridge SW8036 Penberth SW3923 Pier Cellars SX4449 Mylor Churchtown SW8235 Pencalenick SW8545 Pigshill SX4351 Nancegollan SW6332 Pencarrow, Bodmin SX0471 Pill Creek SW8339 Nancothan SW4429 Pencarrow Head SX1550 Pilsamoor SX2785 Nanjizal SW3523 Pendarves SW6437 Pinkson Creek SW9473 Nanquidno SW3629 Pendavey SX0071 Pinnockshill SX1874 Nansavallan Wood SW8143 Pen Enys Point SW4841 Pipers Pool SX2684 Nansmellyn Marsh SW7654 Pendeen SW3834 Pityme SW9576 Nanstallon SX0366 Pendeen Watch SW3735 Place Manor, SW8532 Nare Head SW9137 Pendennis Point/Castle SW8231 Place Wood SW8633 Nare Point SW8025 Pendoggett SX0279 Plaidy SX2653 Narkurs SX3256 Pendower Beach SW8938 Plusha SX2580 Navax Point SW5943 Penhale, St John SX4153 Polbathic SX3456 Neal Point SX4361 Penhale Creek SX4254 Polbathic Creek SX3557 Nether Bridge SX3486 Penhale Sands SW7756 Polbrock SX0169 New Mill SW4534 Penhallow SW7651 Polcrebo Downs SW6433 Newbridge, Callington SX3467 Penhalt SSI900 Poldhu SW6620 Newbridge, Penzance SW4231 Penhole Farm SX1861 Poldhu Cove SW6619 Newland SW9181 Penjerrick SW7730 Poldhu Marsh SW6720 Newlyn SW4628 Penlee Battery SX4349 Polgigga SW3723 Newlyn Beach SW4629 Penlee Point, Mousehole SW4726 Polgreen Farm SW8666 Newlyn Coombe SW4529 Penlee Point, Rame Hd. SX4448 Polhawn Cove SX4149 Newlyn East SW8256 Penlee Quarry, Newlyn SW4627 Polhawn Fort SX4249 Newlyn Harbour SW4628 Penlee Reserve SX4349 Polkerris SX0952 New Polzeath SW9379 Penlee Woods SX4449 Polly Joke SW7760 New Pool, Polmorla SW9871 Penmarth SW7035 Polmarkyn SX3335 Newquay SW8161 Penmillard, Rame SX4249 Polmear SX0853 Newquay Bay SW8162 Pen Olver SW7111 Polmorla SW9871 Newton Moor SW6738 Penpol Creek, Feock SW8138 Polperro SX2050 Nine Maidens SW4335 Penpoll Creek, Fowey SX1354 Polquick Farm, Truro SW8246 Ninestones SX2174 Penrice SX0249 Polridmouth Cove SX1050 Ninestones Bridge SX2373 Penrose, Loe Pool SW6425 Polruan SX1250 Ninestones Farm SX2174 Penryn SW7834 Polscoe SX1160 No Mans Land, Looe SX2756 Penryn River SW7934 Poison SX3584 North Bowda SX2477 Pensilva SX2969 Poltesco SW7215 North Cliffs SW6243 Pentargon SX1091 Polurrian Cove SW6618 North Country SW6943 Pentewan SX0147 Polwheveral Creek SW7328 160 Polzeath SW9378 Rame Head SX4148 Sconner Creek SX3656 Ponsanooth SW7537 Rame, Rame Head SX4249 Scorrier SW7244 Pont SX1452 Rame, Stithians SW7233 Scribble Downs SX1477 Ponts Mill SX0756 Redgate SX2268 Sea Mills SW9273 Porcupine SX0755 Redhill Downs SX1671 Seaton SX3054 Popesmill SX2763 Redmoor SX0762 Seaton Valley SX3055 Porkellis SW6933 Redruth SW6942 Sennen SW3626 Porkellis Moor SW6832 Rejerrah SW7955 Sennen Cove SW3526 Porteath SW9679 SW6633 Sharp Tor SX2673 Portgaverne SX0080 Relubbus SW5631 Sheffield, Mousehole SW4526 Porthallow SW7923 Rescassa SX0842 Shell Woods SX0872 Porth-cadjack Cove SW6444 Reskadinnick SW6341 Shepherds SX8154 Porthcothan SW8571 Reskajeage Downs SW6343 Sheviock SX3655 Porthcurnick Beach SW8735 Respryn SX0963 Sheviock Wood SX3656 Porthcurno SW3822 Castle SX1061 Shillingham Creek SX4057 Porthguarnon SW4123 Restronguet Creek SW8038 Short Island SX0790 Porthgwarra SW3621 Resugga SW9452 Siblyback Farm SX2372 Porthilly SW9375 Retallack SW9366 Siblyback Reservoir SX2371 Porth Joke SW7760 Rialton Barton SW8461 Silverwell SW7548 Porthkerris SW8022 Rilla Mill SX2973 Sithney SW6328 Porth Kidney Beach SW5438 Rinsey Head SW5826 Skewjack SW3624 Porthleven SW6225 River Allen SX0476 Skinham Point SX4360 Porthleven Sands SW6324 SW8440 Sladebridge SX0171 Porthluney Cove SW9741 River Kenwyn SW8046 Slaughterbridge SX1085 Porth Mear, Park Head SW8471 River Neet SS2208 Smallacombe Pltn SX2275 Porthmellin Head SW8632 Roche SW9860 Soap Cove SW6714 Porthmeor Beach SW5140 Rock SW9375 South Boderwennack SW6830 Porthmeor, Zennor SW4337 Rocksea Farm SX0274 Southdown SX4352 Porthminster Point SW5239 Rocky Valley SX0789 Southground Point SX1050 Porthmissen SW8976 Ropehaven SX0349 Southithdown SX4252 Porth Nanven SW3530 Roscroggan SW6442 South Petherwin SX3081 Porth, Newquay SW8362 Rosecraddock SX2667 Spit Beach SX0752 Portholland SW9541 Rosehill SW4530 Spit Point SX0752 Porthoustock SW8021 Roseland Peninsula SW8637 St Agnes SW7250 Porthpean SX0350 Rosemelling Pool SX0457 St Agnes Head SW6951 Porth Reservoir SW8662 Rosemergy SW4136 St Andrew's Pool SX0754 Porthtowan SW6948 Rosemullion Head SW7927 St. Anthony, Helford SW7825 Port Isaac SW9980 Rosenannon SW9566 St Anthony, St. Mawes SW8532 Portloe SW9339 Rosenannon Downs SW9567 St Anthony Head SW8431 Portmellon SX0143 Roseny Valley Wood SX0559 St Austell SX0252 Portnadler Bay SX2451 Rosewarne SW6441 St Austell Bay SX0651 Portquin SW9780 Rosewastis SW9161 St Austell Golf Course SX0050 Portreath SW6545 Roseworthy SW6139 St Austell Sew. Works SX0150 Portscatho SW8735 Rosken Farm SW8972 St Blazey SX0654 Portwrinkle SX3553 Rospannel SW3926 St Blazey Lakes SX0555 Poughill SS2208 Rosudgeon SW5529 St Breock SW9771 Praa Sands SW5828 Rough Tor SX1481 St Breock Downs SW9668 Predannack SW6816 Rough Tor Farm SX1382 St Breward SX0976 Predannack Airfield SW6816 Roughtor Moors SX1480 St Buryan SW4025 Predannack Downs SW6915 Ruan High Lanes SW9039 St Cadoc Farm, Harlyn SW8875 Predannack Wollas SW6616 Ruan Lanihorne SW8841 St Cleer SX2468 Prideaux Wood SX0655 Ruan Major SW7016 St Cleer Downs SX2467 Priory Park Bodmin SX0766 Ruan Minor SW7215 St Clement SW8543 Probus SW8947 Rumford SW8970 St Clement Woods SW8248 Prussia Cove SW5527 Rumps Point SW9381 St Clements Isle SW4726 Quintrell Downs SW8559 Runnel Stone Buoy SW3620 St Clether SX2083 Quoit Farm SW9261 Ryan's Field SW5436 St Columb Major SW9163 Racecourse Downs SX0969 Sally's Bottom SW6746 St Columb Minor SW8462 RAF Portreath SW6746 Saltash SX4258 St Columb Porth SW8362 RAF St. Mawgan SW8664 Salter Mill SX4363 St Columb Road SW9159 Raftra Farm SW2722 Saltmill Creek SX4259 St Columb Sewage Works SW9063 Ralph's Cupboard SW6445 Samphire Island SW6344 St Dominick SX4067 Rame Barton SX4249 Sancreed SW4129 St Dominick Church SX3967 Rame Church SX4249 Sandy Mouth SS2009 St Elvin SW6427

161 Tregoss SW9660 St Enodoc SW9377 Temple SX1473 Tregoss Moor SW9760 St Enodoc Golf Course SW9376 Temple New Bridge SX1574 Tregotha Farm SW5936 St Erth SW5535 Temple Tor Pools SX1373 Tregrehan SX0553 St Erth Pools SW5435 Terras SW9353 Tregrehan Mills SX0453 St Erth Praze SW5735 Terras Bridge SX2455 Tregunna SW9673 St Eval SW8868 Thanckes Lake SX4355 Trekelvesteps SX2269 St Eval Airfield SW8768 The Brisons SW3431 Trekenning SW9062 St Ewe SW9746 The Chick SW7661 Trelay Farm SX2054 St Germans SX3657 The Goose SW7861 SW8135 , Penryn SW7834 The Kelsey's SW7769 Trelew Trelights SW9979 St Hilary SW5531 The Lizard SW7020 SW9352 St Issey SW9271 The Mouls SW9381 Trelion Treliske Hospital, Truro SW7945 St Ives SW5140 The Sisters SX0689 SW8339 St Ives Bay SW5439 Three Holes Cross SX0173 Trelissick SW9865 St Ives Island SW5241 Threemilestone SW7844 Treliver Treloquithack SW6929 St Jidgey SW9469 Tideford SX3459 SW9268 St John SX4153 SX0588 Trelow Downs SW7124 St John Ford SX4153 Toad Hole SW9659 Trelowarren SX4057 St John's Lake SX4254 Tolcarne Beach, Penzce SW4628 Trematon SW7225 St Just SW3631 Tolgus SW6944 Tremayne Quay SW4528 St Just Airfield SW3728 Tollgate, Wadebridge SW9772 Trembath SW4430 St Just Pool SW8435 Toll Point SW7826 Tremethick Cross SW8160 St Just in Roseland SW8535 Tolpetherwin SX2782 Trenance Lake SW8468 St Keverne SW7821 Tolvaddon SW6040 Trenance Point SW9479 St Kew SX0276 Torfrey SX1154 Trenant, New Polzeath SX2168 St Kew Highway SX0375 Torpoint SX4354 Trenant, St Neot SX2455 St Levan SW3722 Towan Beach SW8732 Trenant Park SX2553 St Loy SW4223 Towan Head SW7962 Trenant Point SX2454 St Mabyn SX0373 Towednack SW4838 Trenant Wood SX0348 St Martin SX2455 Townshend SW5932 Trenarren SW4431 St Mawes SW8433 Trago Mills SX1864 Trengwainton SW5329 St Mawgan SW8765 Trannock Downs SW6630 Trenow (Boat) Cove SW0070 St Mellion SX3865 Treago Farm SW7760 Treraven Woods SW4529 St Merryn SW8873 Trebah SX7627 Trereife SW9173 St Merryn Airfield SW8871 Trebartha Woodlands SX2577 Trerethern Farm,Padstow SW8158 St Michael's Mount SW5129 Trebehor SW3724 Trerew Wood SX3358 SW9677 Trebellan SW7856 Trerulefoot SW7539 St Nectan's Glen SX0888 Trebelsue SW8463 Tresamble SW8544 St Neot SX1867 Trebetherick SW9278 Tresemple Pool SW8646 St Newlyn East SW8256 Trebetherick Point SW9277 Tresillian SW8444 St Stephens SX3285 Trebownbridge SX2959 Tresillian River SX0357 St Winnow SX1157 Tredavoe SW4528 Treskilling SX0357 Stannon Clay Pit SX1280 Tredrossel SX3555 Treskilling Clay Pit SX0357 Stem Pioint SW8467 Treen, Boswednack SW4337 Treskilling Downs SX2198 Stenalees SX0157 Treen, Porthcurno SW3922 Treskinnick Cross SX2327 Stepper Point SW9178 Treesmill SX0855 Tresmeer SW4528 Sticker SW9750 Trefusis Point SW8133 Tresvannack SX1274 Stithians SW7336 Tregadillet SX2983 Treswigga SW8536 Stithians Reservoir SW7136 Tregamere SW9264 Trethern SW8535 Stoke Climsland SX3674 Tregaminion, Porthallow SW7922 Trethewell SW3823 Stonaford SX2577 Tregaminion, Restormel SX0951 Trethewey SW8573 Stone SW3930 Tregantle Beach SX3852 Trethias Island SX3754 Stratton SS2206 Tregantle Fort SX3853 Trethill SX0355 Summercourt SW8856 Tregare Barton Wood SW8636 Trethurgy SX0890 Summerleaze Beach SS2006 Tregaswith SW8983 Trevalga SW4740 Swanpool SW8031 Tregathenan SW6530 Trevail SW9772 Swanpool Beach SW8031 Tregavarrah SW4429 Trevanson SW9773 Swanvale SW7931 Tregavarras SX0841 Trevanson Farm SW9773 Talland SX2251 Tregembo SW5731 Trevanson Woods SW6430 Talland Bay SX2251 Tregenna SW9440 Trevarao SW8566 Tamar Estuary SX4359 Tregeseal SW3732 Trevarrian SW7252 Tamar Lakes SS2811 Tregonetha Downs SW9562 Trevaunance Point SW4632 Tater-du SW4423 Tregony SW9244 Trevaylor Woods Tehidy Country Park SW6443 Tregoodwell SX1183 Treveal SW4740 162 Trevean Cove SW5428 Treworthal Tor SW8839 Wearde Quay SX4257 Trevean Farm SW5428 Trewortha Tor SX2475 Weir Point SW8136 Trevear SW4740 Treyarnon SW8673 Wendron SW6731 Treveddo SW8061 Treyarnon Bay SW8574 Werrington SX3287 Trevelgue SW8463 Trezibbett Farm SX2075 West Looe SX2553 Trevella Pond SW8059 Triffle SX3354 West Looe River SX2454 Trevellas SW7352 Trispen SW8450 West Pentire SW7760 Trevelver Farm SW9574 Trobus Farm SW8850 West Penwith Moors SW3929 Trevenen SW6829 Truro SW8245 West Taphouse SX1563 Treverbyn SX2067 Truro River SW8342 Westerlake Farm SX2171 Treverva SW7531 Trythall SW4433 Wheal Eliza SX0353 Treverven SW4323 Turnaware Point SW8338 Wheal Kitty SW7251 Trevescan SW3524 Two Bridges, St Columb SW9163 Wherry Down SW4729 Trevia SX0983 Tywardreath Marsh SX0854 Western Cove SW6445 Trevilley SW3524 United Downs SW7441 Wherry Town SW4729 Trevisquite Manor SX0474 Upper Fowey Valley SX2173 Whitebarrow Downs SX1970 Trevol SX4155 Upper Tamar Lake SS2812 Whitecross, Ludgvan SW5234 Trevone SW8975 Upton Cross SX2872 Whitecross, Wadebridge SW9672 Trevone Bay SW8876 Upton Towans SW5739 Whitesand Bay, Sennen SW3527 Trevorrian SW3726 Valley Truckle SX0982 Whitsand Bay SX3851 Trevorrian Pool SW3726 Varfell SW5032 Wicca SW4739 Trevose Farm SW8675 Vault Bay/Beach SX0140 Widegates SX2857 Trevose Head SW8576 Ventongimps SW7851 Widemouth Bay SS2002 Treweatha SX2267 Ventonleague SW5738 Wiggle SX4250 Treween SW9777 Veryan SW9139 Wilcove SX4356 Trewellard SW3733 Veryan Bay SW9638 Wilsey Down Plant'n SX1987 Trewennack SW6728 Victoria SW9861 Windmill Farm SW6915 Trewey Common SW4636 Wacker Quay SX3855 Winnard's Perch SW9266 Trewey Downs SW4537 Wadebridge SW9872 Witheybrook Marsh SX2572 Trewhiddle SX0051 Wadebridge Sew. Wks SW9817 Wolf Rock SW2611 Trewidden SW4429 Wainhouse Corner SX1895 Woon Gumpus Common SW3933 Trewint SX2180 Walmsley Sanctuary SW9974 Yeale Farm, Fowey SX1352 Trewithen SW9147 Washaway SX0369 Zacry's Island SW8363 Trewithian SW8837 Watch Croft SW4235 Zelah SW8151 Trewonnard SX1989 Watergate, Looe SX2354 Zennor SW4538 Trewornan Bridge SW9874 Watergate Bay SW8364 Zone Point SX2760

RINGING REPORT - 2001

During the year a total of two thousand seven hundred and seventeen birds were ringed, consisting of two thousand six hundred and fifty full grown and sixty-seven pulli. Species ringed for the first time, since the inception of these reports in 1979, were , Ruff, Green Sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper and Ortolan Bunting. Other notable captures include the second Dusky Warbler and, following a concerted effort directed towards waders, the second to sixth Little Stint, fourth Common Teal, fourth to seventh Jack Snipe, sixth Woodcock and ninth Curlew Sandpiper. Two new species studies commenced in 2001, one on the Peregrine Falcon and the other on wintering Chiffchaff. The studies into European Storm-petrel and Barn Owl continue gathering useful data. The number of active ringers operating in the county continues to dwindle as Bernard Pattenden has retired from ringing. Bernard has been active in the county for many decades, contributing many thousands of birds to the Cornish totals and a multitude of quality recoveries. His regular contribution from Marazion Marsh will be greatly missed.

163 TABLE 1: CONTRIBUTORS

Contributor Full Pulli Site N. H. Burton - 5 Polperro G. J. Conway 498 - Mid and West Cornwall F. M. Couch 3 39 Bodmin/Truro D. Riley 114 - Rospannel P. L. Stubbs 13 - Lizard K. A. Wilson 2,022 23 Nanjizal

TABLE 2: SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES RINGED

Ringing Totals 2001 1979-2001

Full Grown Pulli Total Full grown Pulli Total

Northern Fulmar - _ 4 _ 4 Manx Sheerwater 1 - 1 21 - 21 European Storm Petrel 468 - 468 3,845 - 3,845 Shag - - - - 86 86 Northern Gannet - - - 2 - 2 Mute Swan - - - 117 - 117 Common Shelduck - - - 8 - 8 Common Teal 1 - 1 4 - 4 Mallard - - - 1 - 1 Garganey - - - 1 - 1 Common Scoter - - - 1 - 1 Eurasian Sparrowhawk 3 4 7 47 6 53 - - - 5 20 25 Common Kestrel 1 - 1 5 33 38 Peregrine Falcon - 14 14 - 14 14 Water Rail 1 - 1 37 - 37 Spotted Crake - - - 5 - 5 Moorhen 7 - 7 11 - 11 Oystercatcher - - - 657 7 664 Great Ringed Plover - - - 345 - 345 Northern Lapwing - - - 24 3 27 Red Knot - - - 6 - 6 Sanderling - - - 23 - 23 Little Stint 5 - 5 6 - 6 Curlew Sandpiper 1 - 1 9 - 9 Dunlin 23 - 23 1,517 - 1,517 Ruff 1 - 1 1 - 1 Jack Snipe 4 - 4 7 - 7 Common Snipe 3 - 3 22 - 22 Woodcock 1 - 1 6 - 6 Black-tailed Godwit - - - 8 - 8 Bar-tailed Godwit - - - 1 - 1 Whimbrel - - - 5 - 5 Eurasian Curlew - - - 124 - 124 Spotted Redshank - - - 7 - 7 Common Redshank - - - 297 - 297 Common Greenshank - - - 49 - 49 Green Sandpiper 3 - 3 3 - 3 Wood Sandpiper 2 - 2 2 - 2 164 Turnstone - - 57 - 57 Black-headed Gull - - 36 72 108 Common Gull - - 2 - 2 Herring Gull - - 20 - 20 Kittiwake - - 1 - 1 Common Guillemot - - 24 10 34 Razorbill - - 2 10 12 Little Auk - - 1 - 1 Stock Dove - - - 3 3 Wood Pigeon 1 1 2 18 9 27 Collared Dove - - 21 4 25 Turtle Dove - - 2 - 2 Common Cuckoo - - 3 3 6 Barn Owl 12 12 31 267 298 Little Owl - - 1 2 3 Tawny Owl 5 5 21 66 87 Long-eared Owl - - 2 - 2 Short-eared Owl - - 1 - 1 European Nightjar 1 - 1 5 - 5 Common Swift - - 4 - 4 Common Kingfisher 1 - 1 29 - 29 Green Woodpecker - - 6 - 6 Great Spotted Woodpecker 1 - 1 15 - 15 Skylark - - - 6 6 Sand Martin 3 - 3 255 - 255 Barn Swallow 2 - 2 6,310 627 6,937 House Martin - - 127 3 130 Tree Pipit - - 17 22 39 Meadow Pipit 11 - 11 103 15 118 Rock Pipit 5 5 2 14 16 Water Pipit - - 1 - 1 Yellow Wagtail - - 41 - 41 Grey Wagtail 12 - 12 54 53 107 Pied Wagtail 10 - 10 200 74 274 Dipper - - 208 423 631 Wren 118 - 118 2,133 24 2,157 Hedge Accentor 80 2 82 1,485 17 1,502 Robin 153 3 156 2,291 64 2,355 Common Nightingale - - 1 - 1 Bluethroat - - 1 - 1 Black Redstart - - 9 - 9 Common Redstart 1 - 1 20 32 52 Whinchat - - 14 - 14 Common Stonechat 1 - 1 61 10 71 Northern Wheatear - - 305 266 571 Ring Ouzel - - 1 - 1 Blackbird 133 - 133 1,899 112 2,011 Fieldfare - - 5 - 5 Song Thrush 90 - 90 787 35 822 Redwing 47 - 47 388 - 388 Mistle Thrush - - - 6 12 18 Cetti's Warbler 2 - 2 202 - 202 Grasshopper Warbler 6 - 6 46 - 46 Aquatic Warbler - - 40 - 40 Sedge Warbler 115 - 115 5,320 9 5,329 Marsh Warbler - - 3 - 3

165 Reed Warbler 34 - 34 4,266 6 4,272 Paddyfield Warbler - - - 1 - 1 Icterine Warbler - - - 2 - 2 Melodious Warbler - - - 4 - 4 Subalpine Warbler - - - 2 - 2 Lesser Whitethroat - - - 24 - 24 Common Whitethroat 99 1 100 824 1 825 Garden Warbler 16 - 16 284 - 284 Blackcap 179 - 179 1,327 - 1,327 Pallas's Leaf Warbler - - - 4 - 4 Yellow-browed Warbler - - - 5 - 5 Dusky Warbler 1 - 1 2 - 2 Wood Warbler - - - 3 - 3 Chiffchaff 222 2 224 2,845 12 2,841 Willow Warbler 174 - 174 2,989 100 3,089 Goldcrest 75 - 75 2,172 - 2,172 Firecrest 16 - 16 164 - 164 Spotted Flycatcher 5 - 5 68 68 136 Red-breasted flycatcher - - - 3 - 3 Pied Flycatcher 4 - 4 86 533 619 Bearded Tit - - - 1 - 1 Long-tailed Tit 102 - 102 1,164 - 1,164 Marsh Tit - - - 133 53 186 Willow Tit - - - 12 14 134 Coal Tit 4 - 4 210 53 263 Blue Tit 128 6 134 6,211 2,325 8,536 Great Tit 54 12 66 1,777 553 2,330 European Nuthatch - - - 32 148 180 Eurasian Treecreeper - - - 88 6 94 Red-backed Shrike - - - 1 - 1 Woodchat Shrike - - - 1 - 1 Eurasian Jay 3 - 3 15 - 15 Magpie 2 - 2 31 32 63 Eurasian Jackdaw 1 - 1 88 12 100 Rook - - - 14 - 14 Carrion Crow - - - 4 23 27 Common Starling - - - 1,835 - 1,835 House Sparrow 30 - 30 578 1 579 Red-eyed Vireo - - - 1 - 1 Chaffinch 125 - 125 2,154 27 2,181 Brambling - - - 31 - 31 Greenfinch 11 - 11 3,381 20 3,401 Goldfinch 20 - 20 203 12 215 Siskin - - - 61 - 61 Linnet 6 - 6 189 18 207 Common Redpoll - - - 6 - 6 Bullfinch 22 - 22 730 3 733 Hawfinch - - - 1 - 1 Yellowhammer - - - 167 7 174 Cirl Bunting - - - 3 3 Ortolan Bunting 1 - 1 1 - 1 Little Bunting - - - 1 - 1 Reed Bunting 3 - 3 636 5 641 Corn Bunting - - - 1 21 22

TOTALS 2,650 67 2,717 64,811 6,489 71,300

166 TABLE 3: SELECTED LONGEVITY RECORDS

Species Ring No. Ringed Recovered Y.M.D.#

European Storm-petrel 2378624 14.8.89 12.7.99 9.01.02 Shag 1049141 18.1.67 15.1.89 21.11.28 Mute Swan Z46912 28.11.81 10.3.95 14.03.17 Common Buzzard GM18944 9.6.74 30.9.85 11.03.21 Oystercatcher SS95351 16.8.72 30.8.93 21.00.14 Great Ringed Plover - 11.8.72 26.8.80 8.00.15 Dunlin BA99271 22.9.66 4.12.74 8.02.20 Common Redshank DR43516 28.8.77 3.8.85 7.11.06 Eurasian Curlew FV42925 8.8.78 1.9.93 15.00.24 Black-headed Gull 3102129 28.5.67 25.11.84 17.05.28 Great Black-backed Gull HU17936 5.6.70 31.7.84 14.01.05 Tawny Owl GP57273 7.6.75 22.10.93 18.04.14 Collared Dove EC77498 21.11.65 28.7.79 13.08.06 Dipper CP58458 14.5.70 25.9.78 8.04.11 Song Thrush RX31113 20.7.84 1.7.90 5.00.12 Redwing BV13494 6.11.74 12.1.82 7.02.06 Cetti's Warbler H177740 1.9.91 28.7.95 3.10.27 Sedge Warbler - 21.8.77 9.8.92 4.11.19 Reed Warbler JS49967 7.5.74 16.5.82 8.00.09 Willow Warbler 8B4086 7.6.80 1.7.84 4.00.24 Pied Flycatcher E153965 4.6.87 8.6.93 6.00.04 Blue Tit B329459 3.9.81 13.6.87 5.09.10 Great Tit - 13.7.76 31.7.82 6.00.18 Magpie EH89906 4.6.85 7.4.93 7.10.03 Common Starling XX15131 31.12.74 31.1.82 8.01.00 # Elapse time in Years, Months and Days between ringing and finding.

LIST OF RECOVERIES AND CONTROLS

This list contains details of birds controlled (i.e. caught and released by a ringer) or recovered (i.e. found dead) in Cornwall in 2001 and previous years.

Column 1 shows ring numbers, and abbreviations used to identify foreign ringing schemes as follows: BLB Brussels Belgium CIJ Jersey Channel Islands FRP Paris France HGB Budapest Hungary NLA Arnhem Netherlands NOS Stavanger Norway POL Cempa Portugal SFH Helsinki Finland SVS Stockholm Sweden USA Washington United States of America

Column 2 shows the EURING code for the age of the bird when ringed (note figures are not in years), the sex when known, and the code for the manner of recovery, as follows: 1 pullus (nestling or chick) 2 full-grown, year of hatching unknown

167 3 J hatched during calendar year of ringing, (juvenile plumage) 3 hatched during calendar year of ringing (post juvenile moult complete) 4 hatched before calendar year of ringing, but exact year unknown 5 hatched during previous calendar year 6 hatched before previous calendar year, but exact year unknown M male F female X found dead or dying R caught and released by ringer + shot or killed by man FR field record, ring number or colour marks determined in field

Column 3 shows the date of ringing, control or recovery.

Column 4 shows the place where the bird was ringed, controlled or recovered.

Column 5 shows the distance travelled.

Column 6 shows the number of days elapsed between ringing and control or recovery.

European Storm Petrel 224278 4 8.7.97 Pendeen Watch R 18.8.01 Calf of Man, 437 km 1,501 days

2473354 4 24.7.01 St Agnes, Isles of Scilly R 29.7.01 Gwennap Head 50 km 5 days

2475869 4 28.6.00 Near Deadman's Cove R 25.7.01 Rumps Point 49 km 392 days

2512625 4 10.7.99 Rumps Point R 16.7.01 Mynydd Gilan 246 km 737 days

2527336 4 5.8.00 Gwennap Head R 24.7.01 Annet, Isles of Scilly 52 km 353 days

2427407 4 5.8.00 Gwennap Head R 22.8.01 Benwee Head, Mayo, Eire 555 km 382 days

2527476 4 5.8.00 Gwennap Head R 25.7.01 Carnsore Point, Wexford, Eire 244 km 354 days

FRP 2F 26.6.98 Banneg Island, Finistere, France SA544495 R 27.7.98 Gwennap Head 186 km 31 days

FRP 2F 23.7.98 Banneg Island, Finistere, France SA544703 R 27.7.98 Gwennap Head 186 km 4 days

FRP 6 19.7.97 Isle de Biniguet, Finistere, France SA549939 R 25.7.98 Pendeen Watch 209 km 371 days

FRP 4 24.7.01 Banneg Island, Finistere, France SA899593 R 29.7.01 Gwennap Head 186 km 5 days

168 The majority of birds in Cornish waters are individuals wandering between colonies in Ireland and the Isles of Scilly, and also Brittany as evidenced by the French controls.

Eurasian Sparrowhawk DA87237 5 27.3.99 Nanjizal X 8.3.01 Port Soif, Vale, Guernsey 232 km 712 days

Common Kestrel NLA 1 30.7.97 Groningen, Netherlands 3526449 X 25.10.97 Duloe 808 km 117 days

SFH 1 20.6.00 Lehtimaki, Vassa, Finland S200668 s 18.10.00 St Blazey 2,221 km 120 days

These birds further confirm that Scandinavian and near continent Common Kestrels migrate through Cornwall in the autumn.

Black-headed Gull EP97484 1 14.6.89 Garnham's Island, Essex FR 10.9.01 Par Beach Pool 447 km 4,171 days This bird has regularly wintered at Par Beach Pool since 1993.

Herring Gull GH98959 3 15.11.00 Heathfield Landfill, Devon FR 7.9.01 Par Beach 81 km 306 days

Lesser Black-backed Gull GA20242 1 19.6.98 Banks Marsh, Ribble Estuary, Lancashire FR 22.2.01 Gannel Estuary

Mediterranean Gull BLB 1 17.6.98 Antwerpen, Belgium E236752 FR 30.8.01 Pentire FR 10.9.01 Camel Estuary

This bird was also present on the Camel Estuary in autumn 1999, and spent the following winter on the Truro River before returning to Belgium the following spring.

Barn Owl GF2408 1 17.7.99 Roche X 12.12.01 Near Brocton, Wadebridge 8 km 879 days

European Robin K897706 3 22.10.01 Nanjizal X 30.10.01 Coverack 42 km 8 days

Song Thrush RT04809 3 2.11.01 Nanjizal X 12.12.01 Bosistow 1 km 40 days

169 Common Chiffchaff 3G4492 4 4.11.01 Rospannel, St Buryan R 14.11.01 Nanjizal 5 km 10 days

2Z1967 3 26.10.99 Portland Bill X 24.1.01 Tangies, near Culdrose, Helston 206 km 456 days

Coal Tit K897601 3M 14.10.01 Nanjizal X 13.11.01 Penberth 5km 30 days

Common Starling RP49646 5F 23.1.97 Nanjizal X 16.12.01 Leffmge, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium 618 km 1,788 days

Ringed birds All records of ringed or colour-marked birds are of immense value so please report them to the relevant person, see below, and the County Recorder. If you find a ringed bird, please note the ring number and ringing scheme address, species, location, date of finding and cause of death if known, and forward details to the BTO, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU. Colour marked birds Many colour-marking schemes are currently operating in Britain and Europe. Sightings of such birds should be notified to the co-ordinators shown below: Great Cormorant - Graham Ekins, 35 Church Road, Boreham, Essex, CM3 3DN. Waders - Rob Robinson, Wader Study Group, c/o The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU. Large Gulls - Peter Rock, 59 Concorde Drive, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 6PX. Small Gulls - Kjeld Pederson, Daglykkevej 7, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark. Wildfowl - Rich Hearn, Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, Gloucester, GL2 7BT. Chiffchaff - Greg Conway, 15 Coronation Place, Brandon, Suffolk, IP27 0EP. Other species - BTO (address as above). Acknowledgements To all ringers who submitted totals and details of their recoveries, and to Alan Ball and Andy & Shirley Park for providing details of additional recoveries. References Bird ringing in Britain and Ireland in 2000, Clark, J.A., et al., Ringing & Migration, 21(1), pp25-61.

Greg Conway

170 CHAIRMAN'S REPORT

This is the 70th Anniversary year of the Cornwall Bird Watching and Preservation Society, and my first year as Chairman, has been a great success, both financially and in the work accomplished. This was made possible, thanks to the exceedingly hard work done by the Committee and Volunteers.

I would like to thank our two retiring Committee Members, Keith Harris and Martin Rule. Keith has been our Treasurer for the last four years. He has done a fine job managing our books, not to mention the value of his skills in the process of purchasing Windmill Farm. The input of Martin Rule, our Assistant Conservation Officer, exercising his skill and leadership as Chairman of the Windmill Farm Management Committee, has been much appreciated in the first two vital years of the new reserve.

I would like to thank our Newsletter Editor, Darrell Clegg, for his excellent 70th Anniversary Palores Newsletter. Thanks also to all of the contributors whose input helped to make it the success it has been over the past year.

A joint open day with the Cornwall Wildlife Trust was held at Windmill Farm. Andrew George, present with his family, declared the new reserve open. Guests of honour on the day were Mr. and Mrs. Bishop, who had farmed at Windmill for over fifty years. I extend my grateful thanks to all who helped in the purchase of the new reserve.

Our Recorder, Kester Wilson and our Editor, Ian Wilson, produced a wonderful bird report for the year 2000. The report, and its speedy publication, has been much admired by birdwatchers everywhere.

One of the highlights of the year was the production of a New Member's Pack. Our Conservation Officer, Brian Craven, carried out this excellent initiative with the assistance of our Membership Secretary, Sarah McMahon.

Management work carried out on our reserves this year included the following:

Scrub clearance at Stithians Dam, rush clearance on the Walmsley Nature Reserve, ragwort and iris control on Maer Lake Bird Reserve. My grateful thanks go to all who have worked so hard during the year to keep our reserves in good order.

Our Committee Member, Pete Fraser, is developing a new website for the Society, which will be up and running at some time during the next year.

The Society has agreed to fund, for two years, an investigation into the causes of mortality and pathological conditions in barn owls and kestrels. This investigation is to be carried out by the Veterinary Investigation Centre at Chasewater, near Truro.

With regret the Society was forced to cease publication of its Isles of Scilly bird report. This was due to a hostile takeover by another organization.

I would like to give my personal thanks to our President, Steve Madge, our Vice-Chairman Graham Sutton, to our Committee, and all the Volunteers for their abundant help and guidance that they have given over the past year.

Stuart Hutchings Chairman

171 CONSERVATION OFFICER'S REPORT

The year started with foot and mouth still causing many problems, especially in the east of the County The Walmsley sanctuary was closed, as was Colliford Reservoir's Loveney Reserve etc. In fact access to most of the Cornish countryside was closed. Thankfully, the situation improved later in the year.

Achievements in the last year included:

The publication of the New Members Pack, which gives details of our reserves, access details, and many more useful facts and advice.

Improved links with the RSPB

Objections to planning applications including: - ensuring access for bird-watching on Davidstow Airfield in a microlight/light aircraft flying club application and tipping to extend Gweek Quay Boatyard into the estuary.

Intervention in the spring saved a new Sand Martin colony at a Trewint (east Cornwall) sand- quarrying site.

For the national WWT Mute Swan Survey, I have obtained the assistance of several observers throughout the county. My thanks to them all.

After several years of pressure, Graham Sutton met the South West Lakes Trust with the aim of making Lower Tamar Lake an important bird habitat once again, as it was several years ago.

Trethias Island

Paperwork continued to pass back and forth between us and the Charities Commission, for the eventual handover of the island to the National Trust. Our thanks to our Hon. Solicitor Greg Adams.

Stithians Reservoir

Our Chairman and Martin Rule were involved in early discussions with SWLT regarding their proposed plans for the Stithians Reservoir Visitors Centre and the proposed increased public access. Safeguarding undisturbed valuable wildlife habitat, including our reserve areas was paramount. We decided that SWLT subsequently submitted a poor quality/unclear planning application to improve the recreation facilities and made our objections. We have now agreed that we can protect our interests by being closely involved in the planning conditions. Our Chairman is the main contact.

Essential scrub clearance was carried out in the damn area.

Bird highlights were Great White Egret, American Black Duck and regular American waders.

Great Crested Grebe, Eurasian Teal and Tufted Duck bred.

Thanks to our warden Stuart Hutchings and the "management gang" for their work.

Colliford Reservoir Foot and mouth prevented any visits to the reserve until July. Water levels were very low and grazing near the water has not been possible in recent months due to Crypto Presidium problems. Black- 172 headed Gulls and two pairs of Great Crested Grebe bred.

Drift Reservoir

2001 saw the birth of the Drift Management Committee, which was formed to represent the interests of the CBWPS, the Dry Fly Fishery (Bolitho Estates) and the SWLT. The most significant achievement was the creation of a no fishing sanctuary in the northwest arm. Substantial path improvements have been carried out in the Willow Carr approaching the pool/scrape and a boardwalk completed through the Willows to the north of the footbridge. The pool is developing well with the reeds slowly spreading.

Interpretation boards are to be provided.

A long list of interesting birds has been attracted including Long-tailed Duck, Great Bittern, Wryneck and Golden Oriole.

Thanks to Graham Hobin for all his and his helpers work.

Maer Lake Good summer weather provided warden Graham Sutton with the ideal opportunity to carry out more extensive management work. He has got the reserve in truly excellent condition. Our contractor Michael Vanstone has a new tracked dump truck, which proved invaluable at getting into the wettest parts of the reserve with minimum damage. Some of our wardens have big toys! A total of £1,790 was spent on the reserve. A very generous member donated £343 to accomplish the work while conditions were favourable.

Bird highlights appearing among the hundreds of waders, wildfowl and gulls included a wintering American Golden Plover, which was joined by a second bird for thirteen days. Siskins were also another new species for the reserve.

721 Eurasian Teal in January was a reserve record.

Thanks to Graham, Maer Lake is a reserve we can justly be proud of.

Bude Marshes

Francis Couch and Graham Sutton play an active role in the management of this NCDC Reserve. The removal of the overhead power lines was a costly project, which has greatly enhanced the reserve.

Walmsley Sanctuary

The reserve, which was closed due to foot and mouth on 26th February and was finally opened in July.

Warden Adrian Langdon and his invaluable helpers again continued to carry out improvements, including fencing outside the hide and cutting juncus around the main 1998 Environment Agency created pool to encourage cattle to create the right habitat for waders. This worked as the best wader year yet resulted. 20 Godwits remained all autumn. Also several Sandpipers were regular.

Adrian replaced crumbling hurdles with live hedge plants and willows removed from the sanctuary wetland areas.

173 Juncus still continues to be the reserves biggest enemy. Cutting and grazing has again been essential.

N.B. Only CBWPS members and day/week licence purchasers should be using the reserve.

Thank you Adrian.

Windmill Farm

The production of the joint CBWPS/CWT management plan was delayed by foot and mouth, but is now back on course. We are applying for Countryside Stewardship to maintain the existing heath by using light grazing. Nearly all the grass fields have been used for summer grazing or silage production. We are proposing to use these fields for hay, so increasing the plant, insect and bird numbers and species as soil fertility reduces. Two fields have been sown with cereals and krole quino to supply birdfood.

The Environment Agency has recently funded £3,000 for creating open pools/ scrapes this year. It is hoped that these will be excavated in time for the autumn passage migrants, if not certainly ready for next year's odonata and visiting/ breeding birds.

Members are now welcome to visit at any time. Notices giving access details are posted on the reserve.

Many thanks to Andy Pay, Martin Rule, Colin Boyd, Mark Tunmore, the Cornwall Wildlife Trust staff, Claire Mucklow RSPB and volunteers for all their time and efforts.

The Bird Atlas

Requires more support please.

The winter survey is going well, but the summer/breeding atlas needs a boost.... Please help us... It is not difficult.

If requiring details see the April 2000 Palores or speak to Paul McCartney based at the CWT, Allet.

Martin Rule

It was with deep regret that Martin Rule decided to resign as Assistant Conservation Officer. For several years he was the society's Conservation Officer before stepping down to have a fledgling. He then soon became my assistant in title, but was in reality Conservation Officer (West)

His achievements have been numerous. Creating new open water at Walmsley, extensive work on the Windmill Farm project and Drift reservoir but to name a few.

With another child due, Martin decided he would not have sufficient time in the coming months to carry out his committee duties as he would wish.

We will certainly miss him.

I am sure we all wish him and his family all the best for the future.

Brian Craven Conservation Officer

174 OBITUARY

DAVID BARKER

On return from my holiday this year, I heard with great sadness of the death of my old friend, David Barker. He passed away after a long illness, aged 54.

David who was born near Camborne and educated at Truro School, was every inch a Cornishman and I last saw him at Twickenham supporting Cornwall playing rugby.

He was the county Bird Recorder from 1975-1980, and with the able assistance of his wife Denise, produced five of the best Cornwall Bird Reports ever. Back in the 1970's, Dave and I went on many trips abroad together, accompanied by Denise and their young family. He was a pleasant companion in the field, whether it was in the Pyrenees or the Isles of Scilly. We were fortunate to see many birds together and share many a glass of wine.

In 1980, David left Cornwall because of promotion in his work and moved to Exeter. He was awarded an honorary life membership of the Cornwall Bird-watching and Preservation Society for all the magnificent work he achieved in Cornwall. In his new county of Devon, he made lots of friends in the bird-watching world, but in his heart, he was always a Cornishman.

David is survived by his wife Denise and two daughters. The Society wishes to send its deepest sympathy to them.

Stuart C. Hutchings

175 INCOME and EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT for Year ended 31 December 2001 2001 2000 £ £ £ £ Incoming Resources Subscriptions - Annual Membership 8,730 8,704 Life Membership 220 235 Tax refund 1.517 10,467 1.128 10,067

Donations and Grants - Unrestricted 226 1,589 Restricted 1.463 1,689 1.870 3,459 Rents - unrestricted 525 526 Interest - Unrestricted 1,631 2,316 Restricted 13 1,644 18 2,334 Sale of Reports - Isles of Scilly 53 3,212 'Birds in Cornwall' 367 420 284 3,496 Sale of Goods 21 157 Other Income - unrestricted 108 629 Legacy - unrestricted 1,221

Total Incoming Resources 16.095 20.668

Resources Expended Direct Charitable Expenditure Hide & Reserve Expenses 325 385 MaerLake 808 1,011 Walmsley 1,227 807 Drift - 305 Other 300 2,660 336 2,844 Fundraising & Publicity - Annual Reports - Isles of Scilly - 2,992 - Birds in Cornwall 3,508 3,150 Newsletters 1,488 4,996 1.370 7,512 Management & Administration Printing & Stationery 413 370 Postage 1,347 2,902 Telephone 58 144 Travel 131 358 Insurance - 378 Meetings 106 140 Computer Software 40 40 Sundries 34 2,129 32 4,364 Depreciation 1,676 1,552

Total Resources Expended 11.461 16.272

176 Net Incoming (Outgoing) Resources For the Year - Unrestricted funds 6,022 5,138 - Restricted Funds (1.388) 4,634 (742) 4,396

Balances brought forward at 1 January - Unrestricted Funds 56,664 51,526 - Restricted Funds 11,301 67,965 12.043 63,569

Balances carried forward at 31 December - Unrestricted Funds 62,686 56,664 - Restricted Funds 9.913 11,301 £72,599 £67,965

177 BALANCE SHEET as at 31 DECEMBER 2001

2001 2000 £ £ £ £

Tangible Fixed Assets (Note 2) Freehold Property 28,500 28,500 General Equipment 1,488 1,713 Computer Equipment 1,848 2,160 Hides 6.945 7.407 38,781 39,780

Investments 12,098 11,599

Current Assets Stock 350 350 Debtors 1,282 275 Coif Deposit Account 25,500 16,000 Bank Current Account 978 2.401 28.110 19.026 Liabilities: amounts falling due within 1 year

Subscriptions in Advance 2,085 2,329 Creditors 4.305 111 6.390 2.440

Net Current Assets 21,720 16,586

Total Assets less Current Liabilities £72,599 £67,965

Unrestricted Funds as at 1 January 2001 56,664 51,526 Add: Surplus for the year 6.022 5.138 62,686 56,664

Restricted Funds (Note 3) Walmsley Sanctuary 1,741 2,069 Environmental Agency 510 643 Walmsley Hide 560 853 Maer Lake Wetland Appeal 711 946 Walmsley Hide - Capitalised 6.391 9.913 6.790 11.301

£72,599 £67,965

178 NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31 DECEMBER 2001

1. ACCOUNTING POLICIES a. General The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards and the Statement of Recommended Practice on Accounting by Charities. b. Depreciation Depreciation of fixed assets held for use by the charity is calculated at the following rates based on the estimated useful life of those fixed assets as follows: General Equipment 10% per annum (straight line basis) Computer Equipment 20% per annum (straight line basis) Hides 5% per annum (straight line basis) c. Subscriptions Subscriptions are recognised in the period to which they relate, except for subscriptions for life membership which are amortised over 15 years.

2. FIXED ASSETS FREEHOLD GENERAL COMPUTER HIDES TOTAL LAND EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENT £ £ £ £ £ Cost as at 01.01.01 28,500 3,733 4,274 9,233 45,740 Additions during year - 677 - 677 As at 31.12.01 28,500 3.733 4.951 9,233 46.417

Depreciation as at 01.01.01 - 2,020 2,114 1,826 5,960 Provision for year - 225 989 462 1.676 As at 31.12.01 - 2,245 3,103 2.288 7.636

Net Book Value 01.01.01 28,500 1,713 2,160 7,407 39,780

Net Book Value 31.12.01 28500 1.488 1,848 6,945 38.751

3. RESTRICTED FUNDS BALANCE MOVEME ;NT IN RESOURCES BAL^ 01.01.01 INCOMING OUTGOING 31.12. £ £ £ £

Walmsley Sanctuary 2,069 888 1,216 1,741 Environmental Agency 643 - 133 510 Walmsley Hide 853 32 325 560 Maer Lake Wetland Appeal 946 556 791 711 4,511 1,476 2,465 3,522 Walmsley Hide Capitalised 6,790 - 399 6,391 11,301 1.476 2,864 9.913 4. TRUSTEES REMUNERATION & EXPENSES No remuneration directly or indirectly out of the funds of the Charity was paid or payable for the year to any Trustee or to any person or persons known to be connected with any of them A total of £958 (2000 £3,354) was reimbursed to members of the Committee in the year. These payments were for administration expenses and travel costs incurred in the management of the Charity and on the purchase of equipment for the Charity.

INDEPENDENT EXAMINER'S STATEMENT In connection with our examination, no matter has come to our attention: which gives us reasonable cause to believe that in any material respect the requirements to keep accounting records in accordance with Section 41 of the Charities Act 1993 (the Act), and to prepare accounts which accord with the accounting records and to comply with the accounting requirements of the Act, have not been met; or to which, in our opinion, attention should be drawn in order to enable a proper understanding of the accounts to be reached.

Whitaker Redfearn Pappin Chartered Accountants, Newquay 2nd April, 2002

179 THE SOCIETY'S RULES

Rule 1. (Name) The Society shall be called "The Cornwall Bird-Watching and Preservation Society".

Rule 2 (Objects) The objects of the Society shall be: a) to further the study of birds in the field; and b) to assist in their preservation and conservation Rule 3 (Membership) Membership shall be open to anyone who supports the objects of the Society. Classes of membership shall be as follows: Ordinary members - any person over the age of 18 yrs Life members - any ordinary member who has paid the prescribed life membership subscription. Junior members - any person under the age of 18 yrs. Honorary members - any person, whether otherwise a member or not, who is elected an Honorary member by a General meeting on a recommendation of the Executive Committee in recognition of outstanding service to the objects of the Society. Group members - School or similar groups. All members shall be entitled to participate in all activities of the Society (except that Junior members shall not be eligible to serve as Honorary officers or as members of the Executive Committee) and shall be entitled to vote at General meetings (Group members shall be entitled to one vote only on behalf of that body). The Executive Committee shall have the authority to exclude from membership, or cancel the membership of, any person if it considers that person to have contravened any requirements contained in these rules or any legislation relating to bird protection or the countryside, or for any other matter which the Executive Committee considers offends the well-being, aims or objectives of the Society.

Rule 4 (Subscriptions) Subscription rates shall be approved from time to time by the Society in General meeting on a recommendation from the Executive Committee. Subscriptions shall be payable on joining and on the 1st of January thereafter, but any member paying a first subscription after the 30th of September in any year shall not be liable to pay a further subscription until after the close of the following year. A member whose subscription is three months in arrears shall, after being reminded, cease to receive the Society's publications, and when six months in arrears shall cease to be a member.

Rule 5 (Officers) The following Honorary Officers shall be elected at the Annual General Meeting and shall be eligible for re-election: President, Chairman, Vice-Chairman, General Secretary, Treasurer, Membership Secretary, Field Meetings Officer, Honorary Solicitor, Conservation Officer, Assistant Conservation Officer, Newsletter Editor, Public Relations Officer, County Recorder, Editor of "Birds in Cornwall". Any member, with the exception of junior members, shall be eligible for election as an Honorary Officer. In the event of a vacancy arising at any time of the year, the Executive Committee shall be empowered to appoint a member to fill that vacancy and such appointment shall be reported to the next General meeting for approval or election as appropriate.

180 Rule 6 (Meetings) An annual general meeting shall be held in each year. The quorum shall be 20. A Special General Meeting may be called by the Executive Committee, or at the request of 20 members by application to the Chairman and the General Secretary, such applications to be accompanied by details of the motion or motions to be moved.

Rule 7 (Management) The Annual General Meeting shall elect an Executive Committee to deal with all business of the Society, and any obligation undertaken by the Executive Committee shall be an obligation of the Society. The Executive Committee shall consist of the Honorary Officers and nine other members. The Chairman, General Secretary and Treasurer shall serve for a maximum of four consecutive years. At the end of that period, at least one year must elapse before that person shall be eligible for re-election to the same office. Non-officer members shall be elected for a period of three years and shall not on the expiry of that period be eligible for re-election until a year after the termination of that period of three years. Nominations for posts as Honorary Officers and for vacancies on the Executive Committee shall be made in writing to the General Secretary over the signatures of the proposer and seconder and must reach the General Secretary at least ten days before the date of the Annual General Meeting. The Executive Committee shall meet as often as is necessary and shall be convened by the General Secretary in consultation with the Chairman. The quorum for the Executive Committee shall be eight members. The Executive Committee shall have the powers to appoint such sub-committees as it considers desirable and shall determine the membership and powers of such sub-committees, whose proceedings will be reported to the Executive Committee. The Executive Committee shall not delegate to any sub-committee the power to commit the Society to any expenditure. The Executive Committee shall delegate to the Management Team (comprising Chairman, Vice- Chairman, General Secretary, Treasurer and Conservation Officer) power to take decisions on urgent matters which cannot await the next meeting of the Committee. Decisions of the Management Team must be unanimous and shall be reported to the next meeting of the Executive Committee.

Rule 8 (Accounts)

The annual accounts of the Society shall be checked independently.

Rule 9 (Trustees)

Land of the Society shall vest in the Official Custodian of Charities.

Rule 10 (Dissolution etc.) This Society shall neither be dissolved, nor amalgamated with, nor subordinated to any other body without the consent of two-thirds of the members, at a General Meeting where the business is transacted, and in respect of which dissolution, amalgamation or subordination, prior notice must be given under rule 11. For the purpose of this Rule, Members may vote by post. Rule 11 (Alteration of rules) An alteration of the Rules of the Society may be made at any General Meeting, provided that the precise alteration has been set out in full on the agenda sent to members and that the proposed alteration is passed by at least two-thirds of those members present and voting at the meeting.

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