M/S INDIANOIL CORPORATION LTD

365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundherpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu Environmental ImpactState Assessment Report

Hear OF THEublic PROPOSED GRASS-ROOT PETROLEUM STORAGE TERMINAL AT Sy No 365/4 (pt), SIDCO Industrial Estate, ASANUR VILLAGE, ULUNDURPET TEHSIL, VILLUPURAM DISTRICT TAMIL NADU

Project Proponent M/s INDIANOIL CORPORATION LTD

INDIANOIL BHAWAN G-9, ALI YAVAR JUNG MARG BANDRA (E), MUMBAI, 400051

Prepared by

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCYAND LABORATORY A QCI-NABET Accredited Environmental Consulting Organization Unit No. 206, 224, 225 Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Opposite Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (West) – 400 061 Tel: 022 2534 2776, 0484 4011173 , Fax: 022 25429650, Email: [email protected], Website: www.ultratech.in

Report Released by: Mr Ramsushil Mishra In the capacity of: EIA Co-ordinator Signature:

Prepared by ULTRA-TECHSeptember Environmental 2018 Consultancy and Laboratory 1 | P a g e

Contents PREFACE ...... 1 UNDERTAKING BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 2 UNDERTAKING BY THE EIA CO-ORDINATOR ...... 3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... 4 COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD TOR ...... 7 COMPLIANCE TO ADDITIONAL TOR ...... 21 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 32 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 42 1.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent...... 42 1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project ...... 43 1.3 Scope of the Study...... 44 1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations ...... 45 1.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study ...... 46 1.6 Structure of EIA Report ...... 46 CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 48 2.1 Type of the Project ...... 48 2.2 Need and Justification of the Project...... 48 2.3 Location & Layout ...... 48 2.4 Salient Features of the Project ...... 55 2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation ...... 55 2.4.2 Project Cost ...... 55 2.4.3 Process and Storage Details ...... 56 2.4.4 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Shed ...... 59 2.4.5 Product Pump House ...... 59 2.4.6 Fire Fighting Facilities ...... 59 2.4.7 Dyke Wall Facility ...... 60 2.4.8 Instrumentation and Automation ...... 61 2.5 Safety Measures ...... 62 2.6 Basic Requirements ...... 65 2.6.1 Water Requirement and the water balance ...... 65 2.6.2 Power Requirement ...... 66 2.6.3 Land use breakup ...... 66

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory i | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State 2.6.4 Utility Area...... 66 2.6.5 Manpower Requirement ...... 66 2.7 Wastewater Management ...... 66 2.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System ...... 66 2.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages ...... 67 CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 68 3.1 General ...... 68 3.2 Methodology ...... 68 3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting ...... 68 3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area ...... 68 3.3.2 Hydrogeology & Geology ...... 73 3.4 Meteorological Data ...... 76 3.5 Ambient Air Quality...... 77 3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study ...... 77 3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques ...... 81 3.6 Noise...... 82 3.6.1 Objective ...... 82 3.6.2 Methodology ...... 82 3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured ...... 83 3.6.4 Noise Results ...... 84 3.7 Water Environment ...... 86 3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology ...... 86 3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ...... 86 3.7.3 Methodology ...... 86 3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality ...... 87 3.8 Soil ...... 92 3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations ...... 92 3.8.2 Methodology ...... 92 3.8.3 Soil Results ...... 92 3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity ...... 94 3.9.1 Introduction...... 94 3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring ...... 94 3.9.3 Methodology ...... 95 3.9.4 Ecological Settings of Study Area ...... 96

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory ii | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State 3.9.5 Ecologically Sensitive Sites...... 104 3.10 Socio-Economic Environment ...... 106 3.11 Traffic Survey ...... 116 3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service ...... 118 3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service ...... 119 CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 120 4.1 Introduction ...... 120 4.2 Impact Assessment ...... 120 4.2.1 During Construction Phase ...... 120 4.2.2 During Operation Phase ...... 122 4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures...... 123 4.3.1 During Construction Phase ...... 123 4.3.2 During Operation Phase ...... 125 4.4 Impact Matrix ...... 127 4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 129 4.6 Conclusion ...... 138 CHAPTER 5. PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 139 5.1 Project Benefits ...... 139 5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure ...... 139 5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure ...... 139 5.4 Employment Potential ...... 139 5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development ...... 140 5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer ...... 141 5.7 Other Tangible Benefits ...... 141 CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ..... 142 6.1 Introduction ...... 142 6.2 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of IOCL ...... 142 6.3 EMP during Construction Phase ...... 145 6.3.1 Air Environment ...... 145 6.3.2 Noise Environment ...... 145 6.3.3 Water Environment ...... 146 6.3.4 Land Environment ...... 146 6.3.5 Biological Environment ...... 146

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory iii | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State 6.3.6 Socio-economic Environment ...... 146 6.3.7 Health and Safety ...... 147 6.4 EMP during Operation ...... 147 6.4.1 Air Environment ...... 147 6.4.2 Noise Environment ...... 147 6.4.3 Water Environment ...... 148 6.4.4 Land Environment ...... 148 6.4.5 Biological Environment ...... 149 6.4.6 Socio-economic Environment ...... 149 6.5 Action Plan for Greenbelt Development ...... 149 6.6 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management ...... 154 6.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme ...... 155 6.7.1 Ambient Air Quality ...... 157 6.7.2 Surface Water Quality...... 157 6.7.3 Ground Water Quality ...... 157 6.7.4 Soil Quality ...... 157 6.7.5 Noise Level ...... 158 6.8 Environmental Management Cell...... 158 CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES ...... 159 7.1 Public Consultation ...... 159 7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study ...... 160 7.2.1 Introduction...... 160 7.2.2 Scope of the Study ...... 161 7.2.3 Quantitative Risk Analysis Methodology ...... 161 7.2.4 Hazard Identification ...... 164 7.2.5 Consequence Analysis ...... 165 7.2.6 Consequence Analysis Modelling ...... 165 7.2.7 Damage Criteria ...... 170 7.2.8 Risk Analysis ...... 191 7.2.9 Risk Mitigation Measures ...... 196 7.2.10 Consequence Contours ...... 197 CHAPTER 8. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ...... 207 8.1 Consultants Engaged ...... 207 REPLIES OF QUERIES RAISED BY SEIAA ...... 209

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory iv | P a g e

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Details of the project ...... 43 Table 2.1: Throughput Projections ...... 48 Table 2.2: Terminal Location Overview ...... 49 Table 2.3: Salient Features of the proposed facility ...... 55 Table 2.4: Cost of the project ...... 55 Table 2.5: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity ...... 58 Table 2.6: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal ...... 59 Table 2.7: Details of Fire Tanks ...... 60 Table 2.8: Schedule of Fire Pumps ...... 60 Table 2.9: Dyke Wall Details...... 61 Table 2.10: Water Requirement Details...... 65 Table 2.11: Land use breakup ...... 66 Table 2.12: Non Hazardous waste ...... 67 Table 2.13: Hazardous waste ...... 67 Table 3.1: Land use/Land cover class of 10 Km Study Area ...... 70 Table 3.2: Stage of ground water development ...... 74 Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring at study area ...... 76 Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area ...... 76 Table 3.5: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations ...... 78 Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 79 Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results ...... 80 Table 3.8: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ...... 81 Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area ...... 83 Table 3.10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ...... 84 Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Standards ...... 84 Table 3.12: Water Quality Sampling Locations ...... 86 Table 3.13: Ground Water Characteristics...... 88 Table 3.14: Surface Water Characteristics...... 91 Table 3.15: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area...... 92 Table 3.16: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area ...... 92 Table 3.17: Density, Abundance and Frequency of Plant Species in Study Area ...... 97 Table 3.18: Avifauna observed in the study area ...... 100 Table 3.19: Scheduled Fauna as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ...... 102 Table 3.20: Diversity Indices of Flora in Study Area ...... 103 Table 3.21: Demographic Attributes for Villupuram District ...... 107 Table 3.22: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area ...... 110 Table 3.23: Literacy in the study area ...... 112

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory v | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State Table 3.24: Status of working population in the study area ...... 112 Table 3.25: Distribution of Total (main + marginal) workers by category ...... 113 Table 3.26: List of Major industries ...... 114 Table 3.27: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads ...... 116 Table 3.28: Traffic Survey, Node I ...... 117 Table 3.29: Level of Service ...... 118 Table 4.1: Impact Matrix ...... 127 Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 129 Table 4.3: Overall Matrix ...... 138 Table 5.1: Summary of CSR activities ...... 140 Table 6.1: Scenario of zone I and zone II ...... 152 Table 6.2: Suggested Trees & Shrubs ...... 153 Table 6.3: Expenditure on Environmental Management ...... 154 Table 6.4: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 156 Table 7.1: Concerns raised and Responses at Public Hearing ...... 159 Table 7.2: Isolatable Sections ...... 167 Table 7.3: Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity ...... 170 Table 7.4 Damage due to overpressure ...... 171 Table 7.5: Impact Distance in meter ...... 173 Table 7.6: Immediate Ignition Probability ...... 192 Table 7.7: Failure Frequency of Selected Scenarios ...... 193 Table 8.1: EIA Team...... 207 Table 8.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA ...... 208 Table 8.3: Laboratory for Analysis ...... 208

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory vi | P a g e

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map ...... 44 Figure 2.1: Project Location ...... 50 Figure 2.2: Toposheet of the proposed site in 1: 50,000 scale ...... 51 Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Study Area ...... 52 Figure 2.4: Photographs of the project site ...... 52 Figure 2.5: Layout of SIDCO Industrial Area showing the proposed project site ...... 53 Figure 2.6: Project Site Layout ...... 54 Figure 2.7: Flow Chart of operations ...... 57 Figure 2.8: Water Balance Chart ...... 65 Figure 3.1: Satellite Map of the study area ...... 69 Figure 3.2: Land use/Land cover of 10 Km Study Area ...... 70 Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area ...... 71 Figure 3.4: Contour Map of the study area ...... 72 Figure 3.5: Depth to water level- Premonsoon ...... 75 Figure 3.6: Depth to water level- Post monsoon...... 75 Figure 3.7: Windrose for period of April 2016 to June 2016...... 77 Figure 3.8: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Air & Noise...... 85 Figure 3.9: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Water & Soil ...... 87 Figure 3.10: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey ...... 117 Figure 3.11: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour ...... 118 Figure 6.1: Hierarchy for HSE ...... 144 Figure 6.2: Layout plan for Green Belt Development ...... 150 Figure 7.1: Methodology ...... 162

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory vii | P a g e

PREFACE

This EIA report is prepared as per TOR No. SEIAA/F.No.5365/2016/6b/VPR/ToR-266/2016 issued by State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority, Tamil Nadu as per their letter dated 27/09/2016 to M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, the standard ToR published by the MoEF&CC dated April 2015 and the EIA Notification 2006 and its subsequent amendments.

Disclaimer: This report has been prepared with all reasonable skills, knowledge, care and diligence by M/s ULTRA-TECH, Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory Thane, the NABET accredited and national level leading Environmental Consultancy Organization within the terms of the contract with the Client (Project Proponent), incorporating their General Terms and Conditions of Contract and taking in to account of the resources devoted to it by Business Agreement. The report was discussed with the project proponent in detail before releasing. This EIA report has been prepared using information received from Client, collecting primary data and compilation of secondary data from available resources. We are not responsible for the origin and authenticity of the information, drawings or design details provided by the Client.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 1 | P a g e

UNDERTAKING BY THE PROJECT PROPONENT

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 2 | P a g e

UNDERTAKING BY THE EIA CO-ORDINATOR

Declaration by the EIA-Coordinator Name of the project: Proposed Grass-Root Petroleum Terminal at Asanur Village, Tamil Nadu State Name of the client: M/s IndianOil Corporation Ltd

I, Mr Ramsushil Mishra, the empaneled EIA Co-ordinator of M/s ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory hereby certify that, the EIA for the above project prepared by the earlier EIA Coordinator, Mr Timir Shah, has been reviewed by me and the suitable changes as mentioned during the Public Hearing as well as the SEAC presentations have been duly incorporated by me.

Name: Mr Ramsushil

Mishra Signature:

Period of Involvement: May 2018 – July 2018

Contact Information: [email protected]

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 3 | P a g e

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AAQ : Ambient Air quality AOPS : Automated Overspill Protection System AP : Air Pollution API : American Petroleum Institute AST : Above Storage Tank BDL : Below Detectable Limit BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand CCTV : Closed Circuit Television CER : Corporate Environment Responsibility CGWA : Central Ground Water Authority CHWTSDF : Common Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage Disposal Facility COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board CPCL : Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited CRVT : Cone Roof Vertical Tank CRZ : Coastal Regulation Zone CSR : Corporate Social Responsibility CTE : Consent to Establish CTMPL : Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline CTO : Consent to Operate DC : District Collector D.G set : Diesel Generator Set DBBV’s : Double Block and Bleed Valves EB : Water Pollution EC : Environmental Clearance ECG : Electrocardiogram EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan ERDMP : Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan ESC : Enterprise Social Commitment ESD : Emergency Shutdown System ETP : Effluent Treatment Plant FF : Flash Fire

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 4 | P a g e

FMEA : Failure Mode and Effects Analysis GIS : Geographic Information System GPS : Global Positioning System HAZID : Hazard Identification HAZOP : Hazardous Operations Analysis HCD : Hydro-Carbon Detection HHMD : Hand Held Metal Detector HSD : High Speed Diesel HSE : Health Safety & Environment IFRVT : Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank IOCL : Indian Oil Corporation Limited IR : Infra Red kLD : Kilolitres per Day KSKs : Kisan Seva Kendra Outlets kVA : Kilo Volt Ampere LFL : Lower Flammability Limit LOC : Loss of Containment LOTO : Lock Out &Tag Out LPG : Liquefied Petroleum Gas LRC : Laboratory Room Equipment LULC : Land Use & Land Cover MMTPA : Million Metric Tonnes Per Annum MoEF&CC : Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change MOU : Memorandum of Understanding MOV : Motor Operated Valves MS : Motor Spirit MSDS : Material Safety Data Sheet MSIHC Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules MW : Mega Watt NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standards NABET : National Accreditation Board for Education and Training NABL : National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories NOC : No Objection Certificate OISD : Oil Industry Safety Directorate OWS : Oil Water Separator PCC : Plain Cement Concrete PCE : Passenger Car Equivalency PCU : Passenger Car Unit. PEL : Permissible Exposure level

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 5 | P a g e

PHA : Preliminary Hazard Analysis POL : Petroleum Oils and Lubricants PPE : Personal Protective Equipment QCI : Quality Council of India QRA : Quantitative Risk Assessment R&R : Rehabilitation and Resettlement RCC : Reinforced Cement Concrete. ROSOV : Remote Operated Shut Off Valves RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter RWH : Rain Water Harvesting SCADA : Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SE : Socio Economic SEAC : State Expert Appraisal Committee SEIAA : State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SIDCO : Small Industries Development Corporation Limited SPCB : State Pollution Control Board SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter STP : Sewage Treatment Plant SW : Surface Water TANSIDCO : Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development Corporation Limited TLD : Tank Lorry Decantation TLF : Truck Loading Facility TNPCB : Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TNSEB : Tamil Nadu Electricity Board TOP : Tap Off Point ToR : Terms of Reference TSDF : Treatment, Storage &Disposal Facility TT : Tank Truck UG : Under Ground UGHT : Underground Horizontal Tank VCE : Vapour Cloud Explosion VOC : Volatile Organic Compound WP : Water Pollution WTP : Water Treatment Plant

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 6 | P a g e

COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD TOR

Terms of Reference (ToR) as per the Standard ToR issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) in April 2015 S No TOR Compliance 1. Executive Summary Executive summary of the project has been prepared and enclosed at the beginning of the EIA report. 2. Introduction i. Details of the EIA Consultant Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET including NABET accreditation accreditation are included in Chapter 8, section 8.1 ii. Information about the project A brief description of the project proponent is proponent given in Chapter 1, section 1.1 iii. Importance and benefits of the The importance and benefits of the project are project given in Executive Summary and Chapter 5. 3. Project Description i. Cost of project and time of Proposed schedule and approval for completion. implementation as well as the project cost are given in Chapter 2, section 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 ii. Products with capacities for the There is no production process at the project site proposed project. as it is a petroleum storagfe terminal. The storage tank details are given in section 2.4.3 iii. If expansion project, details of This is a Greenfield project existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required This is a petroleum storage terminal and hence there and their source along with mode is no production/manufacturing process involved. of transportation. Terminal shall be handling and storing various finished petroleum products. The operations include

receiving the petroleum products (MS, HSD) through existing cross-country pipelines via a ToP at existing Asanur Pumping Station, storing the petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards and dispatching quality petroleum products through Tank Trucks to Retail Outlets (ROs).

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 7 | P a g e

v. Other chemicals and materials No other chemicals/materials are required required with quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of emission, effluents, The details regarding the emissions from the proposed hazardous waste generation and project and the control measures are given in Chapter their management. 2, sections 2.7 and 2.8. vii. Requirement of water, power, The details regarding the water requirement and water with source of supply, status of balance diagram are given in Chapter 2, section 2.6.1. approval, water balance diagram, The power requirement and manpower requirement are given in Chapter 2, sections 2.6.2 and 2.6.5 man-power requirement (regular respectively. and contract) viii. Process description along with There is no production process involved. The flow major equipment and machineries, chart of operations from the receipt of finished process flow sheet (quantities) petroleum products through cross-country pipeline, the storage of these products in storage tanks and the from raw material to products to be transport of these products through tank trucks, is provided. given in Chapter 2, section 2.4.3, Figure 2.7. ix. Hazard identification and Hazard identification is done in the Quantitative Risk details of proposed safety systems Assessment report, in Chapter 7, section 7.2.4

x. Expansion/modernization Not expansion or modernization. This is a Greenfield proposals: petroleum storage terminal a. Copy of all the Environmental Not applicable, as this is a Greenfield project Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing and existing operation of the project from SPCB

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 8 | P a g e

shall be attached with the EIA- EMP report.

b. In case the existing project has Not applicable, as this is a Greenfield project not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4. Site Details i. Location of the project site The location details are given in Chapter 2, covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, section 2.3, of the EIA report District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of Toposheet of the study area of radius 10 km in 1: radius of 10km and site location on 50000 scale is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.2. 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco- sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis The existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and for selection of site surrounding area is being fed from petroleum storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and Shankari which are more than 150 km away. The Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) of IOCL is having an intermediate pump station at Asanur. Hence having a POL terminal at Asanur is very beneficial in terms of reducing the road transportation. The justification for site selection is given in Chapter 2, section 2.2.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 9 | P a g e

iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all The co-ordinates of the four extreme boundary four corners of the site. points are as follows N corner: 11o36’45.06” N, 79o11’28.74”E E corner: 11o36’19.67”N, 79o11’59.34”E S corner: 11o36’16.99” N, 79o11’38.18”E SW corner: 11o36’29.99”N, 79o11’ 20.24”E The Google image of the project site is given in Chapter 2. v. Google map-Earth downloaded Google Earth image of the project site is given as of the project site. Figure 2.3 in Chapter 2 of the EIA report.

vi. Layout maps indicating existing Layout of the project site is shown in Figure 2.6 unit as well as proposed unit in Chapter 2 of the EIA report. The layout of the indicating storage area, plant area, SIDCO industrial area is shown in Chapter 2, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If Figure 2.5 located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed Photographs of the proposed plant site is shown and existing (if applicable) plant in Figure 2.4 site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii. Land use break-up of total land The project site comes in SIDCO industrial of the project site (identified and estate. The land use breakup of the project is acquired), government/ private - given in Chapter 2, section 2.6.3. agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with The list of industries in the SIDCO industrial area name and type within study area is given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, Table 3.26. (10km radius) shall be incorporated. x. Land use details of the study Land use details of the study area along with the area, Geological features and Geo- geological features and geo-hydrological status of hydrological status of the study the study area is given in Chapter 3, section 3.3.1 area shall be included. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study is given in section 3.3.2.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 10 | P a g e

xi. Details of drainage of the project The drainage pattern of the study area is detailed up to 5km radius of study area. If in Chapter 3, section 3.3.1. The site is not within the site is within 1 km radius of any 1 km radius of any major river. major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If SIDCO has allotted the land to Indian Oil acquisition is not complete, stage Corporation Ltd on outright sale basis of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land R&R is not involved as the land belonged to in line with state Government SIDCO Industrial Estate. SIDCO has allotted the policy land to Indian Oil Corporation Ltd on outright sale basis. 5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if Not applicable applicable) i. Permission and approval for the Not applicable use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Land use map based on High Not applicable resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) i. Status of Application submitted Not applicable for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 11 | P a g e

iii. The projects to be located Not applicable as there is no National Parks, within 10 km of the National Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Corridors of Wild Animals, within 10 km radius Reserves, Migratory Corridors of the project site of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden- thereon ii. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly Not applicable authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. iv.Copy of application submitted Not applicable for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. 6. Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric The site-specific micrometeorological data is inversion level at the project site given in Chapter 3, section 3.4 of EIA/EMP and site-specific report micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 AAQ analysis data at 10 locations identified locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, based on sensitive locations and predominant NOX, CO and other parameters wind direction is given in Chapter 3, section 3.5 relevant to the project shall be of EIA/EMP report collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the predominant wind direction,

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 12 | P a g e

population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ The values of the AAQ parameters and details of measurement for 12 weeks of all all AAQ stations is given in the Table 3.5, Table stations as per frequency given in 3.6 and Table 3.7. the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby Results of surface water quality analysis are River (100m upstream and discussed in Chapter 3, section 3.7 of EIA/EMP downstream of discharge point) report and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to The site doesn’t falls near to polluted stretch of polluted stretch of river identified river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at Ground water quality monitoring was conducted minimum at 8 locations shall be in 5 locations and surface water monitoring in 1 included. location. Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.7 of EIA/EMP report vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 Noise level monitoring was conducted in 10 locations within the study area. locations. Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.6 of EIA/EMP report viii. Soil Characteristic as per 5 soil samples are analysed. Details are given in CPCB guidelines. Chapter 3, section 3.8. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.11 of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for EIA/EMP report transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.9 of fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) EIA/EMP report existing in the study area shall be

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 13 | P a g e

given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the Details are given in Chapter 3, section 3.10 of study area. EIA/EMP report

7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level In the construction phase of the project, there will concentration of pollutants from be linear and localized vehicular emissions due to the stack emission based on site- the transportation of construction material. specific meteorological features. In Regular water sprinkling and the use of RMC/ case the project is located on a hilly batching plant at the site will bring down these terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall dust emissions considerably. be done using inputs of the specific In the operation phase, the project involves only terrain characteristics for the receipt, storage and dispatch of finished determining the potential impacts petroleum products. Hence the changes in air of the project on the AAQ. quality due to the proposed project are only Cumulative impact of all sources of during the transportation of the petroleum emissions (including products in the tank trucks, which will be the transportation) on the AAQ of the vehicular emissions (mostly dust) which can be area shall be assessed. Details of considered negligible considering that, the the model used and the input data project is proposed to be set up in an industrial used for modelling shall also be area, and regular water sprinkling will be done to provided. The air quality contours avoid any negative impact on the environment. shall be plotted on a location map Proposal to develop a green belt with species showing the location of project site, based on the Guidelines for development of habitation nearby, sensitive Greenbelt issued by Central Pollution Control receptors, if any. Board (CPCB) for the Agro climatic zone East Coast Plains-Hills will further negate any impacts of vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality. Air quality modelling study report is incorporated in Chapter 4, section 4.2 ii. Water Quality modelling - in There will be no discharge of untreated effluent case of discharge in water body to any water bodies. The sewage generated at the site will be treated in the 10 kLD STP proposed to be provided at the site. Mechanized

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 14 | P a g e

ETP (oil water separator) of capacity 100 m3/h will be provided for treating

iii. Impact of the transport of the The petroleum products for storage at the raw materials and end products on terminal are being received through cross- the surrounding environment shall country pipeline Chennai-Trichy-Madurai be assessed and provided. In this Pipeline (CTMPL). Hence there will not be any regard, options for transport of raw truck movement for the transportation of products materials and finished products and to the terminal. The stored petroleum products wastes (large quantities) by rail or will be dispatched to the customers via tank rail-cum road transport or conveyor trucks. During the operation phase of the project, cum-rail transport shall be an addition of ~ 300 trips per day (i.e. 150 trucks examined. per day to and fro) of tank trucks is envisaged. The modified traffic scenario due to the proposed project is detailed in Chapter 3, section 3.11.2 of EIA/EMP report iv. A note on treatment of The details regarding the wastewater wastewater from different plant management is given in Chapter 2, section 2.7 operations, extent recycled and of EIA/EMP report reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment, characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and There will not be any stack emissions. The air action plan for control of emissions pollution control measures proposed are given to meet standards. in Chapter 4,section 4.3 of EIA/EMP report vi. Measures for fugitive emission Regular water sprinkling will be adopted for control mitigating the fugitive dust emissions. The details are given in Chapter 4, section 4.3 of EIA/EMP report vii. Details of hazardous waste Details of hazardous waste is given in Chapter generation and their storage, 2, Table 2.8 of EIA/EMP report utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques,

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 15 | P a g e

Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

viii. Proper utilization of fly ash Not Applicable shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix. Action plan for the green belt Details are given in Chapter6, Section 6.5 of development plan in 33 % area i.e. EIA/EMP report land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater Rain water harvesting will be provided. harvesting measures at plant site Rainwater from the landscape area and shall be submitted to harvest hardscape area will be used to recharge the rainwater from the roof tops and ground water sources through recharge pit. Rain storm water drains to recharge the water harvesting tank with a capacity of 200 m3 ground water and also to use for the is proposed. various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring Details are given in Chapter 6, Section 6.6 of cost/annum for environmental EIA/EMP report pollution control measures shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project Details are given in Chapter 6, Section 6.7 of environmental monitoring shall be EIA/EMP report submitted. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster The Emergency Response and Disaster (natural and Man-made) Management Plan (ERDMP) is attached as Preparedness and Emergency Annexure with the EIA report Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 16 | P a g e

be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.

8. Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure Fund allocation will be done as per the the occupational health & safety of relevant rules all contract and casual workers ii. Details of exposure specific Health check yearly as per Factories rule 12B health status evaluation of worker. will be conducted for all contract and casual If the workers' health is being workers. evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise.

iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9. Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well The company has well laid down Health laid down Environment Policy Safety and Environment Policy. The details approved by its Board of Directors? are given in section 6.2 in Chapter 6 of the EIA If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. report.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 17 | P a g e

The details are given in section 6.2 in Chapter ii. Does the Environment Policy 6 of the EIA report. prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into The hierarchy is detailed in Figure 6.2.1 in focus any infringement / deviation / Chapter 6 of the EIA report violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it The company has an online accident/incident may be detailed in the EIA. reporting web portal for the non- iii. What is the hierarchical system compliances/violations. The details are given or Administrative order of the in section 6.2 in Chapter 6 of the EIA report. company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10. Details regarding infrastructure All infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, facilities such as sanitation, fuel, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour restroom etc. to be provided to the force during construction as well as to the casual labour force during construction as workers including truck drivers during operation well as to the casual workers phase. including truck drivers during operation phase. 11. Enterprise Social Commitment The details of the proposed CSR activities (ESC) towards ESC are given in Chapter 5, Section 5.5 i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of of EIA/EMP report. the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 18 | P a g e

Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12. Any litigation pending against the No litigation pending against the project project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13. A tabular chart with index for point This table gives the point wise compliance with wise compliance of above TOR. the Standard Terms of Reference and is incorporated in the EIA report. 14. Details on list of hazardous Details of hazardous waste is given in Chapter 2, chemicals to be stored along with Table 2.8 of EIA/EMP report. storage quantities at the facility, their category (as per MSIHC Rules), MSDS. 15. Mode of receiving hazardous The process flow chart is given in Chapter 2, chemicals in isolated storages and Section 2.4.3 of EIA/EMP report. mode of their dispatch. 16. Layout plan of the storage tanks Figure 2.1 shows the layout plan of proposed and other associated facilities. storage tanks at IOCL of EIA/EMP report. 17. Details on types and specifications The details of the existing and proposed storage of the storage facilities including facilities are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.4 of tanks, pumps, piping, valves, EIA/EMP report. flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls including relief systems. 18. Arrangements to control The details of the arrangements to control loss/leakage of chemicals and leakage and the management system in case of management system in case of leakage are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.4 of leakage. EIA/EMP report.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 19 | P a g e

19. Risk Assessment & Disaster Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) has been Management Plan conducted for the proposed storage capacity Identification of hazards augmentation and the same is detailed in Chapter – Consequence Analysis 7, Section 7.2. The identification of hazards is – Details of domino effect of the given in Section 7.2.4. Consequence Analysis is storage tanks and respective given in Section 7.2.5 and 7.2.6. The Emergency preventive measures including Response and Disaster Management Plan distance between storage units in an (ERDMP) is attached as Annexure to the EIA isolated storage facility. report. – Onsite and offsite emergency preparedness plan.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 20 | P a g e

COMPLIANCE TO ADDITIONAL TOR

Sl No TOR Reference 1. Include report on Risk Assessment, Quantitative Risk Assessment Report Disaster management Plan considering along with Emergency Response Disaster worst scenario effects. Management Plan (ERDMP) are prepared and the following are incorporated in the same  Identification of risks, result evaluation, computation of summary Hazard analysis/damage model studies for tanks/petroleum facilities, thermal radiation effects.  Maximum Credible Accident Analysis bringing out types of fire hazards from petroleum facilities, past accident analysis, risk factors, domino effects etc.  Emergency preparedness plan with respect to safety/administration, environment, societal risks, fire fighting/communication, power/lighting, medical facilities etc.  Preparation and submission of ON SITE Emergency Plan (DMP) for the terminal based on Risk Analysis and Risk assessment (Including VCE Scenario). 2. Traffic study report with respect to Traffic count along the abutting highway parking of trucks and transportation. of the project site was carried out to showcase the effects of increase in number of trucks from the proposed project. Additionally, parking area for about 125 Trucks has been proposed. As part of the terms of agreement with TANSIDCO, approach road of about 900 meters from NH to the entry of the terminal and to be used by all allottees of the industrial estate shall be provide by IndianOil as 2 double

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 21 | P a g e

lanes of width 7 meters each (RCC Pavement). 3. Air Quality modelling study reports In the construction phase of the project, there will be linear and localized vehicular emissions due to the transportation of construction material. Regular water sprinkling and the use of RMC/ Batching plant st the site will bring down these dust emissions considerably. In the operation phase, the project involves only the receipt, storage and dispatch of finished petroleum products. Hence the changes in air quality due to the proposed project are only during the transportation of the petroleum products in the tank trucks, which will be the vehicular emissions (mostly dust) which can be considered negligible considering that, the project is proposed to be set up in an industrial area, and regular water sprinkling will be done to avoid any negative impact on the environment. Proposal to develop a green belt with species based on the Guidelines for development of Greenbelt issued by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for the Agro climatic zone East Coast Plains-Hills will further negate any impacts of vehicular emissions on the ambient air quality. 4. EIA study conducted shall be specific in The EIA report has been prepared in nature and take into consideration accordance with the project specific ToR, environmental impact in other existing issued by SEAC, in addition to the facilities of IOCL at various places in standard ToR issued by MoEF&CC. IOCL Tamil Nadu. having 131 bulk storage terminals and depots all over India has 9 of them in Tamil Nadu. The learnings from the establishment and operation of these terminals have been taken into consideration while designing this project.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 22 | P a g e

The EIA study focused on the project specific impacts such as effect of the reduction in road transport of petroleum products, developing a terminal in an industrial area etc, and a project specific Environmental Impact Matrix was developed for arriving at appropriate mitigation measures. Accordingly, the capital cost for adopting the environmental management measures is estimated to be Rs 71.47 crores and the recurring cost for environmental management is estimated to be Rs 2.51 crores. 5. CSR activities- A focused study on social IOCL has planned to carry out various and economic aspects shall be conducted activities for the up-liftment of poor in nearby villages to arrive at CSR plan. people, welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The total amount earmarked for CSR activities is Rs. 831.71 lakhs. Details are given in Chapter 5, Section 5.5 of EIA/EMP report. 6. Permission was accorded by the Noted. committee to build compound wall in the premises. 7. Permission was accorded by the Noted. committee to use study data already initiated in summer season.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 23 | P a g e

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 Introduction M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Maharatna status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries accounts for nearly half of India's petroleum products market share, 35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through capacity. The IOCL Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 80.7 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum). IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 137th position in the year 2018. IndianOil's network of over 48,000 customer touch-points reaches petroleum products to every nook and corner of the country. These include more than 27,000 petrol & diesel stations, including 7000 Kisan Seva Kendra outlets (KSKs) in the rural markets. Over 10,000 fuel stations across the country are now fully automated. The Corporation has a 65% share of the bulk consumer business, and almost 6650 dedicated pumps are in operation for the convenience of large•volume consumers like the defence services, railways and state transport undertakings, ensuring products and inventory at their doorstep. They are backed for supplies by 125 bulk storage terminals and depots, 110 aviation fuel stations and 91 LPG bottling plants. Indane LPG cooking gas reaches the doorsteps of 12.69 crore households in about 6250 markets through a network of 10,200 distributors. IndianOil’s world-class SERVO lubricants have presence in 27 markets worldwide. Riding on 50 successful years as the market leader, the Aviation Service commands a 61% market share in aviation fuel business. IndianOil is the Supplier of Choice for aviation fuel to the Indian armed forces and over 150 national and international flag carriers, private airlines based in India and abroad.

2.0 Project Description The existing petroleum market of Ullundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and Shankari. The Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, Tamil Nadu. By providing a pipeline Tap of Point (ToP) at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai and 150 km from Shankari, movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced considerably. This would result in considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in logistic cost to Govt. exchequer and reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of petroleum products from far off refinery locations. Details of product wise tankage are given in Table 1.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 32 | P a g e

Table 1: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity Tank Size Capacity of Total No of Type of SN Product Class (dia, m x each tank Tankage tanks Tanks ht/length, m) (m3) (m3) 1. MS A 3 IFRVT 32 x 15 10,000 30,000 2. MS (TTD) A 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50 3. HSD B 3 CRVT 38 x 15 15,000 45,000 4. HSD (TTD) B 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50 5. HSD (own use) B 1 UGHT 2.5 x 6.5 20 20 6. BIO-DIESEL - 1 CRVT 12 x 14 1,500 1500 BIO-DIESEL 7. - 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140 (TTD) 8. Ethanol A 2 IFRVT 14 x 13.5 1,685 3,370 9. Ethanol (TTD) A 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140 10. Sludge - 1 AGHT 12 x 9 600 600 CLASS – A 33,560 CLASS - B 45,070 Excluded 2,240 product GRAND TOTAL 80,870

IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank UGHT – Underground Horizontal Tank

Technology and Process Description There is no manufacturing process involved. Terminal shall be handling and storing various finished petroleum products. The brief process description is as follows:  Receiving the petroleum products (MS, HSD) through existing cross-country pipelines via a ToP at existing Asanur Pumping Station.

 Storing the petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards.

 Dispatching quality petroleum products through Tank Trucks to Retail Outlets (ROs).

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 33 | P a g e

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve enhanced safety. The flow chart of operations is as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Flow Chart of operations

TLF Shed An 8 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is proposed. The loading facilities shall consist of MFM metering system, batch controllers, blending facilities for Ethanol, branded fuels etc.

Product Pump House  PUMP HOUSE: 70 m X 6 m with new product pumps.  PUMP HOUSE MANIFOLD: 75 m X 20 m

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 34 | P a g e

Fire Fighting Facilities Inventory of firefighting equipment/ material as well as lifesaving equipment available at Depot are listed in Table 2.

Table 2: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal Sl. Description of Item Quantity / Details 1. Fire Water storage Static Tank 3 x 5892 kL 2. Fire Fighting pump sets 5 x 800 kL/h x 105 m Head 3. Jockey pump sets 2 x 72 kL/h x 110 m Head 4. 1 set U/G Tank of 100 KL capacity with pumps & provision to receive water from outside 5. Borewell pumps 3 Nos. Well spread fire hydrant piping layout for the entire Approximately. 6. plant 4000 m Remote operated & Fixed High Volume Long Range 7. Foam 5 Nos. cum water monitor Trolley mounted High Volume Long Range Foam cum 8. water 2 Nos. monitor 9. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Fixed) 4 Nos. 10. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Portable) 2 Nos. 11. Mobile Foam Trailer with 3% AFFF (9000 litre) 3 Nos. ATC Foam for Alcohol 12. fire 1 kL 13. Hydro-carbon Gas Detectors (OP Type) 5 Nos. Hydro-carbon Detectors (Point 14. Type) 14 Nos. 15. Portable Gas Detector 1 Nos. 16. Explosimeter 1 No. 17. Oxygen meter 1 No. 18. Fire proximity suit 1 No.

19. SCABA with spare O2 cylinder 1 Set 20. Wheeled Portable Water cum Foam monitor 2 Nos. 21. Fixed water spray system for Storage Tanks 8 Nos.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 35 | P a g e

Sl. Description of Item Quantity / Details 22. Fixed Foam Pourer System for Storage Tanks 6 Nos. 23. Fixed Water monitors 48 Nos. Double Hydrant points on stand 24. post 50 Nos. 25. Jet Nozzle 50 Nos. 26. Universal Nozzle 2 Nos. 27. Foam Branch Pipe 2 Nos. 28. Stretcher with blanket 2 Nos. 29. First Aid Box 1 Nos. Shock resistant Rubber Hand 30. Gloves 2 pairs 31. Oil Sorbent Booms 2 Nos. 32. 75 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 3 Nos. 33. 25 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 16 Nos. 34. 10 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 83 Nos.

2.5 & 4.5 kg CO2 Fire 35. Extinguisher 46 Nos. 36. Safety Hand lamp 2 Nos. 37. Leak arrestor kit with clamps 1 Set The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 3 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have been provided in Table 4. Table 3: Details of Fire Tanks

Type of Proposed Tanks Total Tankages Demeter Height SN Product Tank and Capacities m3 (m) (m) 1 Fire Tank Water CRVT 3 x 4800 14400 22 15.5 Fire Fighting Demand (as per OISD 117) 9600 m3 for 4 hours of fighting

Table 4: Schedule of Fire Pumps Head Nos of Pumps SN Description Capacity mWC Operating Standby 1 Jockey Pumps Electrical Driven 72 m3/hr 110 1 1 2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine Driven 800 m3/hr 105 3 2

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 36 | P a g e

Dyke Wall Facility Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in Table 5. Table 5: Dyke Wall details Dyke Wall Containing Enclosure Capacity, Overall Dimension, Sr. No. Tanks m3 m x m Dyke – I MS 10000 197 x 50 Dyke – II HSD 15000 272 x 58 Dyke – III Ethanol 3978 78 x 30 Dyke – IV Bio-Diesel and Sludge 3284.4 69 x 28

Dyke I, II III and IV shall be provided for MS, HSD, Ethanol, Sludge and Bio-Diesel respectively. Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with impervious membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from bottom plates. The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil from seeping into ground. Instrumentation and Automation Automation / Instrumentation system will be as per IOCL’s latest Terminal Automation System (TAS) philosophy, which includes the following, as applicable:  Terminal Automation System, Tank farm management system including Radar Gauges, Multi-Point Temperature Sensors, Pressure Transmitters, Overspill detection and audio, visual alarm system etc.  Tank Truck loading system including, Mass Flow meters, Batch Controller, DCV etc.  Ethanol Blending and MFA dosing systems.  Other field equipment such as online density and temperature sensors, Field Automation and Integration of Sub system Remote Operated Shut off Valves (ROSOV’s), Motor Operated Valves (MOV’s), Double block and bleed valves (DBBV’s), Electrical sub systems, product delivery pumps, firefighting systems, Tank Truck Entry system, bay queue display etc.  Control Room equipment such as LRC, OIC’s, Servers, PLC’s, UPS etc. and necessary TAS software.  Position sensors for tank dyke valves etc.  Safety Shutdown System covering Automated Overfill Prevention System, ESD system.  Meters proving and Calibration facilities.  ROSOV’s, MOV’s, DBBV’s master station, Push Button Stations etc.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 37 | P a g e

 Necessary cabling, control panel, earthing etc.  Air Compressor/Air Dryer/Air receiver and piping for pneumatic systems.  Access control, zoning and multi zoning systems, security features like DFMD’s HHMD’s etc.  CCTV system to cover total terminal facilities including perimeter wall.  Hydrocarbon detectors and flow sensors etc. near all potential leak sources of class ‘A’ petroleum product,  Other automation systems and its interface of SAP system with TAS, and to ensure that engineering and design addresses the need for standardization.  Any other requirement as specified in OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244.

Water Supply Water requirement for the project is mentioned in Table 6.

Table 6: Water Requirement Details SN Description Quantity (m3/day) 1 Fresh water for Greenbelt 5 2 Domestic water 9 3 Fire water for Mock drill 6 Total 20

Manpower Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15 Workmen Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew: 250 nos Power Requirement Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by TNSEB, which is 1250 kW; 2 DG sets of 750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500 kVA capacities are envisaged to be used only during power failures and emergencies. 1.8-2 MW Solar power plants also proposed to be installed. 3.0 Description of Environment The area around the proposed POL Terminal has been surveyed for physical features and existing environmental scenario. The field survey and baseline monitoring has been done from the period of April 2016 to June 2016. Air Environment:

3 The ambient air quality is determined at 9 locations. The PM10 varied from 30.2 to 67.2 µg/m , 3 3 PM2.5 varied from 10.1 to 31.2 µg/m , SO2 varied from 6.2 to 12.8 µg/m , NOx varied from 9.9 to 20.1 µg/m3. Other parameters like VOCs, Heavy metals, Benzene etc. were found Below Detectable Limit (BDL). All values are within prescribed NAAQS 2009.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 38 | P a g e

Noise Environment: Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. A total of 10 locations were identified for ambient noise monitoring in the study area. The daytime varied from 48.2 dB (A) Leq to 52.7 dB (A) Leq and night time noise varied of 39.5 dB (A) Leq to 42.8 dB (A) Leq. Both daytime noise and night time noise was within the limit. Water Environment: In order to establish the baseline water quality, 5 ground water and 1 surface water samples were collected and analyzed in the study area. The analysis result for ground water samples were within drinking water limit as per IS 10500: 2012. Details of analysis result are given in the EIA report. Soil Quality: Soil samples were collected from 5 locations in the study area and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Soil quality was found to be normal. Details of analysis result are given in the EIA report. Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area: Land use pattern of the study area covering 10 km radius includes seven classes such as Waterbody, Agricultural Land, Paddy Field, Vegetation, Open Scrub, Built-up Land and Open Waste Land. Biological Environment: The ecological study of the area has been conducted within 10 km radius of the project site in order to understand the existing status of flora and fauna to generate baseline information. Flora : 63 species of Trees, Fauna: 6 species of mammals, 8 species of Reptiles Avifauna: 44 species were identified within the Study Area. Socio-economic Environment: Analysis of the demographical statistics, based on Primary Census Abstract, 2001 & field survey reveals that the study area has a total population of 79,771 in the study area. Average scheduled castes constitute about 44.43 % of the total population of villages in the study area. The study area has negligible social tribe population. Average literacy rate of the study area in 2011 was 70.97% to total population. Villages in the study area have fairly good infrastructure facilities. 4.0 Anticipated Environment Impacts and Environment Management Plan The potential impacts of the Isolated Storage Terminal shall be limited to the project site. There will be insignificant impact on either air or water quality as no manufacturing process is planned. Impact on soil quality is induced / short term in nature and can be avoided by applying good construction practices to reduce the impact, if any, on soils to a great extent. Adequate measures

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 39 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State need to be worked out for minimizing the loss of soils, by way of storage of topsoil and then again laying it back after the completion of the construction of terminal. Impacts on ambient air would mainly be due to dust emissions and movement of vehicles. However, these impacts would be short-term in nature. Impacts on ambient air during operational phase would be due to emissions from DG set stacks and vehicles which will be very negligible The detailed environmental management plan has been presented in the main report. IOCL will ensure that all the statutory norms, emissions norms for air, water, and noise shall be maintained during the construction and operation phases and in line with the proposed EMP. 5.0 Environmental Monitoring Programme It is imperative that the IOCL should set up regular monitoring locations to assess the environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects.

 It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.

 It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

6.0 Additional Studies Hazard Identification and Consequence Assessment Hazards are identified for release of MS, HSD, Bio-Diesel and Ethanol for scenarios of catastrophic rupture of storage tank at proposed site. Consequence analysis of all possible containment scenarios was carried out using DNV Technical Software (PHAST). No domino effect envisaged as all tanks are adequately spaced and heat or pressure wave is limited to dyke area. 7.0 Project Benefits

 The project will improve supply of the HSD, MS blended with Bio-Diesel and Ethanol respectively in Tamil Nadu which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life.  The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be much less.

 The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 40 | P a g e

8.0 Proposed Schedule and Cost The Terminal activities will be completed in a period of 24 months from the date of receipt of all the approvals from statutory authorities. The project cost is approximately INR 406 crores.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 41 | P a g e

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction of Project & Project Proponent

M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Maharatna status, and a Fortune 500 and Forbes 2000 company. Incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries accounts for nearly half of India's petroleum products market share, 35% national refining capacity (together with its subsidiary Chennai Petroleum Corporation Ltd., or CPCL), and 71% downstream sector pipelines through capacity. The IOCL Group owns and operates 11 of India's 23 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 80.7 MMTPA (million metric tonnes per annum).

IOCL is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. It is the leading Indian corporate in the Fortune 'Global 500' listing, ranked at the 137th position in the year 2018. Indian Oil's network of over 48,000 customer touch-points reaches petroleum products to every nook and corner of the country. These include more than 27,000 petrol & diesel stations, including 7000 Kisan Seva Kendra outlets (KSKs) in the rural markets. Over 10,000 fuel stations across the country are now fully automated.

The Corporation has a 65% share of the bulk consumer business, and almost 6650 dedicated pumps are in operation for the convenience of large volume consumers like the defense services, railways and state transport undertakings, ensuring products and inventory at their doorstep. They are backed for supplies by 125 bulk storage terminals and depots, 110 aviation fuel stations and 91 LPG bottling plants.

Indane LPG cooking gas reaches the doorsteps of 12.69 crore households in about 6250 markets through a network of 10,200 distributors. Indian Oil’s world-class SERVO lubricants have presence in 27 markets worldwide. Riding on 50 successful years as the market leader, the Aviation Service commands a 61% market share in aviation fuel business. Indian Oil is the Supplier of Choice for aviation fuel to the Indian armed forces and over 150 national and international flag carriers, private airlines based in India and abroad.

The Existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and Shankari. The Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, TN. By providing a pipeline ToP at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai and 150 km from Shankari, movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced considerably. This would result in considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in logistic cost to Govt. exchequer and reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of petroleum products from far off refinery locations.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 42 | P a g e

The details of the Project and Proponents are as mentioned in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Details of the project Name of Project Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal At Asanur,TN Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited Name, contact number & address Mr.Ashutosh Sinha of Project Proponent G-9 Ali Yavar Jung Marg, Bandra (East), Mumbai – 400051 Maharashtra, India Mobile : 9820056070, Ph: +91-22-26447764, Email: [email protected] Location of the Project Village : Asanur Taluka : Ulundurpet District: Villupuram Tamil Nadu Geographical Coordinates: 11°36'28.67"N79°11'21.06"E Name, contact number & address Environmental Consultants: of Consultant M/s. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory (An ISO 9001-2008 Company, Accredited by NABET, Lab: recognized by MOEF, GoI), Unit No. 206, 224, 225, Jai Commercial Complex, Eastern Express Highway, Opp. Cadbury Factory, Khopat, Thane (W) – 400601, Tel.: 91-22-25342776, 25380198, 25331438. Fax : 91-22-25429650 Email: , [email protected], [email protected] Website : www.ultratech.in Size of proposed project activity 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) Terminal Overview 1. Finished petroleum products storage terminal 2. The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD will be received from via cross-country pipelines namely Chennai-Trichy- Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL). 3. Distributes bulk products by road (by tank trucks) Category of Project i.e. ‘A’ or ‘B’ Category ‘B’ Proposed 80,870m3 storage of finished petroleum products capacity/area/length/tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/number of wells to be drilled 1.2 Brief description of Nature, Size and Location of the project

The project activity is Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal with a storage capacity of 80,870m3 at Village : Asanur, Taluka : Ulundurpet,District: Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. As per the Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th September 2006 as amended, the

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 43 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State proposed project falls under 'Type 6b - Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals’ (As per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended 2000), which requires preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report. This EIA Report addresses the environmental impacts of the proposed project and proposes the mitigation measures for the same. The report is prepared, based on the Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) for EIA/EMP Report for Projects requiring Environmental Clearance (EC) for Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals project by Ministry of Environment & Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC), in addition to the project specific additional ToR issued by the State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Tamil Nadu. The proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal is located at Asanur village. The land area of the proposed terminal facility is approximately 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) and currently is an open vacant land coming under the SIDCO Industrial estate. The site is easily accessible by road. The nearest railway station is Kuttakudi Railway Station (8 km) and airport of Chennai Airport (200 km).

Figure 1.1: Connectivity Map 1.3 Scope of the Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. The study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 44 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored. Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during April 2016 to June 2016 and used to identify potential significant impacts. The report is prepared as per the Standard ToR and additional ToR granted at 81st SEAC, TN dated 23.09.2016.

The scope of the study broadly includes:-

 To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development  To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its surroundings  To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project  To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phase of the project  To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to suggest the management plan for the same  Details about conservation of resources  To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted  To access risk during construction and operation phase and formulate the disaster management plan onsite and offsite  To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate Environmental Management Plan (EMP)  To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program to be pursued by M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

1.4 Applicable Environmental Regulations

With respect to prevention and control of environmental pollution, the following Acts and Rules of Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India govern the proposed project:

 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 as amended in 1988  Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987  Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 and Environment (Protection)  rules, 1986 and amendments thereafter  The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016  Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016.  The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989  E- Waste (Management) Amendment Rules, 2018  The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and as amended

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 45 | P a g e

 EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 as amended

1.5 Objective & Scope of EIA Study

EIA integrates the environmental concerns in the developmental activities so that it can enable the integration of environmental concerns and mitigation measures in project development. EIA can often prevent future liabilities or expensive alterations in project design. The study included detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area of 10 km radius around project site. In order to get an idea about the existing state of the environment, various environmental attributes such as meteorology, air quality, water quality, soil quality, noise level, ecology and socio-economic environment are studied /monitored by an accredited Functional Area Expert. Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out during April 2016 to June 2016 and used to identify potential significant impacts. The scope of the study broadly includes:-  To describe the project and associated works together with the requirements for carrying out the proposed development  To establish the baseline environmental and social scenario of the project site and its surroundings  To identify and describe the elements of the community and environment likely to be affected by the project  To identify, predict and evaluate environmental and social impacts during the construction and operation phase of the project  To study the existing traffic load, predict the increment in traffic due the project and to suggest the management plan for the same  Conservation of resources  To design and specify the monitoring and audit requirements necessary to ensure the implementation and the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted.  To evaluate proposed pollution control measures and delineate environmental management plan (EMP) outlining additional control measures to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts.  To delineate post-project environmental quality monitoring program

1.6 Structure of EIA Report

EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation of Environmental Management Plan & Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in following ten chapters:

Executive Summary

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 46 | P a g e

This chapter gives the Executive Summary of the EIA report. Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA. Chapter 2: Project Description This chapter gives a brief description of the location, approachability, amenities, layout and utilities of the proposed project. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of construction activities of the project Chapter 3: Description of the Environment This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality, noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc. Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures. Chapter 5: Project Benefits This chapter presents the benefits from this project. Chapter 6: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed Project and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.

This chapter also discusses the details about the environmental monitoring program during construction and operation phases. Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase and the Disaster Management Plan and Emergency Preparedness Plan onsite and offsite.

Chapter 8: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter deals with the details of consultants engaged and the NABET accreditation details of environmental consultants.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 47 | P a g e

CHAPTER 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Type of the Project

M/s IOCL proposes to set up a new petroleum storage terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 with pipeline from CTMPL to terminal. Proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‘B’ according to EIA Notification 2006 & subsequent amendments.

2.2 Need and Justification of the Project

The Existing petroleum market of Ulundurpet and surrounding area is being fed from petroleum storage locations existing at Chennai, Trichy and Shankari. The Chennai-Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) of IOCL is already having an intermediate pump station at Asanur, Tamil Nadu. By providing a pipeline ToP at Asanur which is at a distance of 220 km from Chennai and 150 km from Shankari, movement of petroleum products by road would be reduced considerably. This would result in considerable saving in consumption of fossil fuel, saving in logistic cost to Govt. exchequer and reduce emission / noise pollution by avoiding movement of petroleum products from far off refinery locations. In view of the above requirements, setting up of a Petroleum storage terminal at Asanur, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu is very much required. The expected increase in demand of the proposed products moving ahead is as mentioned below in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Throughput Projections SN Product Projected Volumes (TMTPA) 2021-22 2026-27 2031-32 1. MS 112.03 143.32 192.36 2. HSD 246.38 308.10 494.05

(*) With consideration of product wise growth rate given by Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.

2.3 Location & Layout The total plot area is 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) The proposed grass root POL (Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants) terminal will receive from via cross-country pipelines namely Chennai-Trichy- Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL) store the POL and will transfer POL to end users by road via Tank Trucks. The terminal Location overview is given in

Table 2.2.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 48 | P a g e

Table 2.2: Terminal Location Overview Name of Project Proposed Greenfield Petroleum Storage Terminal at Asanur,Tamil Nadu Project Proponent M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited Location of the Project Village : Asanur Taluka : Ulundurpet District: Villupuram Tamil Nadu Geographical Coordinates: North corner: 11o36’45.06” N, 79o11’28.74”E East corner: 11o36’19.67”N, 79o11’59.34”E South corner: 11o36’16.99” N, 79o11’38.18”E South West corner: 11o36’29.99”N, 79o11’ 20.24”E Present land use at the site Land use pattern is notified for industrial use Size of proposed project activity 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) NH & SH NH 38- approximately 0.92 km( NW) SH 137-approximately 1.28 km (N) Nearest railway station Railway: Kuttakudi - approximately 8 km(SE) Nearest Airport Tiruchirappalli International Airport- approximately 107 km ( SW) Airport:Chennai Airport- approximately 200 km (NE) Proposed 80,870 m3 storage of finished petroleum products capacity/area/length/tonnage to be handled/command area/lease area/number of wells to be drilled Nearest town/City Ulundurpet – 13.3 Km( NE) Nearest village Koondalur village-0.7 km( N) Eranji village- 1.09 km (S) Kachakudi village -2.04 km( SW) Nearest major water bodies Non Perennial water body- 0.15 km ( NE) Archaeologically important places None within 10 km Protected areas as per Wildlife None within 10 km Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve, Elephant reserve, Biospheres, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, community reserves and conservation reserves)

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 49 | P a g e

Reserved / Protected Forests Azhwar Malai Reserve Forest : 6.7 km (N) Koothakudi reserve Forest – 4.5 Km (NW) Idaikkal Reserve Forest – 6.5 Km(NW) Major water bodies within 10 km Manimuktha river- 2.2 km ( S) radius Gomukhi river – 3.18 km ( S) Memathur canal -5.43 km (SE) Defense Installations None within 10 km Seismicity The proposed project is located in Seismic Zone II as per IS: 1893 and all designs will be as per IS Codes by considering one higher Zone i.e. Zone III

The proposed project is surrounded by following properties:

East : Private Land (Valasai Village, Virdhachalam Taluk) West : SIDCO Developed Plot No. 41, 24m Road and Developed Plot Nos. 42 to 51 North : Private Land (Survey Nos. 356,355, 358, 359, 360, 365/3 Part) South : SIDCO OSR Plot, 15m Road & Developed Plots 103 to 106

The project location is shown in Figure 2.1, the toposheet of the project location is given in Figure 2.2and satellite imagery of the study area showing project site is shown in Figure 2.3.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 50 | P a g e

Figure 2.1: Project Location

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 50 | P a g e

Figure 2.2: Toposheet of the proposed site in 1: 50,000 scale

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 51 | P a g e

Figure 2.3: Google Image of the Study Area

Figure 2.4: Photographs of the project site

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 52 | P a g e

Figure 2.5: Layout of SIDCO Industrial Area showing the proposed project site

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 53 | P a g e

Figure 2.6: Project Site Layout

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 54 | P a g e

2.4 Salient Features of the Project

The salient features of the Asanur Terminal are presented in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3: Salient Features of the proposed facility Sr. Description Details No. 1 Total Land 30.19 ha (74.60 Acres) 2 Power requirement 1250 kW, 2 DG Sets of 750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500 kVA will be used in case of power failure and emergency purpose only. 2 MW Solar Power plant is also proposed to be installed. 3 Water requirement 20 m3/day 4 Man power Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15 Workmen Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew: 250 nos 5 Project Cost INR 406 Crores 6 Cost towards environment Capital Cost ~71.47 crores protection Recurring Cost ~2.51 crores 7 Fire Fighting Facilities A Fire water storage 3 x 4,800 kL B Fire water pumps Diesel Driven Pumps of 5 x 800 m3/h C Jockey pumps 2 jockey pumps of 72 m3/h C Water sprinkler system At all relevant places as per OISD 117/244 D Fire Hydrant/monitor piping As per prescribed OISD 117/244 network

E DCP & CO2 extinguishers As per prescribed OISD 117/244 F Gas Monitoring System As per prescribed OISD 117/244

2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation

The construction of POL storage and related activities will commence on receipt of Environmental Clearance (EC) from SEIAA, Tamil Nadu and Consent to Establish (CTE) from TNPCB and other statutory approvals/NOCs as required. It is envisaged that construction activities will take 24 months post the necessary approvals. However, approval to construct Boundary Wall prior to receipt of EC has been allowed by SEIAA as part of ToR approval.

2.4.2 Project Cost The details of the project cost is given in Table 2.4.

Table 2.4: Cost of the project

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 55 | P a g e

S No. Item Cost (in Rs Lakhs) 1 Land 2570.00 2 Deposit works 250.00 3 Civil facilities 16658.40 4 Tankage works (product) 4498.27 (Licensed capacity: 80730 kL) 5 Pipeline works 3941.48 6 Pumping facilities 190.27 7 Electrification works 3135.39 8 Firefighting facilities 3451.81 9 Automation works 2866.87 10 Miscellaneous items 1227.00 11 Total (items 2 to 10) 36219.53 12 Contingencies @ 5% 1810.98 13 Subtotal 38030.51 14 Grand Total (item 1+ 13) 40600.51

2.4.3 Process and Storage Details

There is no manufacturing process involved in the terminal. The process involved can be divided into: 1. Receipt of finished petroleum products through cross country pipelines via existing Asanur Pumping Station 2. Storage of petroleum products in storage tanks fabricated as per international standards. 3. Dispatch of petroleum products through Tank Lorries.

The entire operation of RECEIPT, STORAGE AND DISPATCH of petroleum products is carried out in a closed system thereby eliminating risk of spillage of products and to achieve enhanced safety.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 56 | P a g e

Figure 2.7: Flow Chart of operations

Receipt of Petroleum Products

The petroleum products viz. MS, HSD will be received from via cross-country pipelines Chennai- Trichy-Madurai Pipeline (CTMPL). The pipeline currently has a pumping station located at Asanur. It is proposed to provide a 16" dia branch pipeline of approximately. 900m length from Asanur Pumping Station to the proposed terminal. Storage Facilities

The proposed POL terminal will install 17 Nos. of finished petroleum products tanks as part of the proposed project. Details of product wise purposed tankage at are given respectively in Table 2.5.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 57 | P a g e

Table 2.5: Details of Proposed Storage Capacity Tank Size Capacity of Total No of Type of SN Product Class (dia, m x each tank Tankage tanks Tanks ht/length, m) (m3) (m3) 1 MS A 3 IFRVT 32 x 15 10,000 30,000 2 MS (TTD) A 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50 3 HSD B 3 CRVT 38 x 15 15,000 45,000 4 HSD (TTD) B 1 UGHT 3 x 8 50 50 HSD (own 5 B 1 UGHT 2.5 x 6.5 20 20 use) BIO- 6 - 1 CRVT 12 x 14 1,500 1500 DIESEL BIO- 7 DIESEL - 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140 (TTD) 8 Ethanol A 2 IFRVT 14 x 13.5 1,685 3,370 Ethanol 9 A 2 UGHT 3 x 10.5 70 140 (TTD) 10 Sludge - 1 AGHT 12 x 9 600 600 CLASS – A 33,560 CLASS - B 45,070 Excluded 2,240 product GRAND TOTAL 80,870

IFRVT – Internal Floating Roof Vertical Tank CRVT – Cone Roof Vertical Tank UGHT – Underground Horizontal Tank

Note: - The above tankage shall be developed in line with latest API 650 design standards & OISD regulations. Above dimensions are tentative & shall be finalized during detailed engineering after receipt of environment clearance.

Dispatch of Petroleum Products The petroleum products shall be distributed to various Industries / Petrol Pumps through tank trucks of capacity 9000 Ltrs to 24,000 Ltrs. On an average, 125-150 tank trucks are anticipated to be filled on daily basis. An 8 bay TLF shed with bottom loading facilities for MS and HSD is proposed. The loading facilities shall consist of MFM metering system, batch controllers, blending facilities for Ethanol, branded fuels etc. Vapour recovery system to be designed & developed for handling MS. Tank Truck (TT) decantation facility with suitable capacity of Under Ground (U/G) tanks to be provided.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 58 | P a g e

2.4.4 Truck Loading Facility (TLF) Shed

There will be one (1) nos. of TLF sheds having eight (8) nos. each of Tank trucks loading bays respectively. The loading facilities will be bottom loading for MS and HSD 2.4.5 Product Pump House

. PUMP HOUSE: 70 m X 6 m with new product pumps.

. PUMP HOUSE MANIFOLD: 75 m X 20 m

2.4.6 Fire Fighting Facilities

Inventory of firefighting equipment/ material as well as lifesaving equipment available at Depot are listed in Table 2.6.

Table 2.6: Fire-fighting facilities for proposed Terminal Sl. Description of Item Quantity / Details 1. Fire Water storage Static Tank 3 x 4800 kL 2. Fire Fighting pump sets 5 x 800 kL/h x 105 m Head 3. Jockey pump sets 2 x 72 kL/h x 110 m Head U/G Tank of 100 KL capacity with pumps & provision 1 set 4. to receive water from outside 5. Bore well pumps 3 Nos. Well spread fire hydrant piping layout for the entire Approximately 6. plant 4000 m Remote operated & Fixed High Volume Long Range 5 Nos. 7. Foam cum water monitor Trolley mounted High Volume Long Range Foam cum 8. water Monitor 2 Nos. 9. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Fixed) 4 Nos. 10. Medium Expansion Foam Generator (Portable) 2 Nos. 11. Central Foam Feeding System – Mother Tank 30 kL 12. ATC Foam for Alcohol fire 1 kL 13. Hydro-carbon Gas Detectors (OP Type) 5 Nos. 14. Hydro-carbon Detectors (Point Type) 14 Nos. 15. Portable Gas Detector 1 Nos. 16. Explosimeter 1 No. 17. Oxygen meter 1 No. 18. Fire proximity suit 1 No. 19. SCABA with spare O2 cylinder 1 Set 20. Wheeled Portable Water cum Foam monitor 2 Nos. 21. Fixed water spray system for Storage Tanks 8 Nos. 22. Fixed Foam Pourer System for Storage Tanks 6 Nos.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 59 | P a g e

Sl. Description of Item Quantity / Details 23. Fixed Water monitors 48 Nos. 24. Double Hydrant points on stand post 50 Nos. 25. Jet Nozzle 50 Nos. 26. Universal Nozzle 2 Nos. 27. Foam Branch Pipe 2 Nos. 28. Stretcher with blanket 2 Nos. 29. First Aid Box 1 Nos. Shock resistant Rubber Hand 30. Gloves 2 pairs 31. Oil Sorbent Booms 2 Nos. 32. 75 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 3 Nos. 33. 25 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 16 Nos. 34. 10 kg DCP Fire Extinguisher 46 Nos. 2.5 & 4.5 kg CO2 Fire 35. Extinguisher 60 Nos. 36. Safety Hand lamp 2 Nos. 37. Leak arrestor kit with clamps 1 Set

The Fire Water tanks have been provided as shown in Table 2.7 and Schedule of Fire Pumps have been provided in Table 2.8. Table 2.7: Details of Fire Tanks Type of Proposed Tanks Total Tankages Diameter Height SN Product Tank and Capacities m3 (m) (m) 1 Fire Water Tank CRVT 3 x 4800 14400 22 15.5

Table 2.8: Schedule of Fire Pumps Head Nos of Pumps SN Description Capacity mWC Operating Standby 1 Jockey Pumps Electrical 72m3/hr 110 1 1 Driven 2 Main Pumps Diesel Engine 800 m3/hr 105 3 2 Driven

2.4.7 Dyke Wall Facility

Dyke wall shall be provided surrounding the POL tanks (above ground type). The Capacity of each tank & Total maximum Capacity is highlighted below in

Table 2.9.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 60 | P a g e

Table 2.9: Dyke Wall Details Dyke Wall Containing Enclosure Capacity, Overall Dimension, Sr. No. Tanks m3 m x m Dyke – I MS 10000 197 x 50 Dyke – II HSD 15000 272 x 58 Dyke – III Ethanol 3978 78 x 30 Dyke – IV Bio-Diesel and Sludge 3284.4 69 x 28

Dyke I, II III and IV shall be provided for MS HSD Ethanol and Sludge & Bio-Diesel respectively Dyke wall surrounding the above ground product tanks can accommodate spilled oil which is more than the maximum capacity of the largest product tank in case of leakage. Dykes are provided with adequate wall height as per OISD norms. Tank foundations are also provided with impervious membrane to avoid seepage of product if any in to ground in case of leakage from bottom plates. The tank farm flooring and dyke wall also are made impervious to prevent oil from seeping into ground.

2.4.8 Instrumentation and Automation

Automation / Instrumentation system will be as per IOCL’s latest Terminal Automation System (TAS) philosophy, which includes the following, as applicable: . Terminal Automation System, Tank farm management system including Radar Gauges, Multi- Point Temperature Sensors, Pressure Transmitters, Overspill detection and audio, visual alarm system etc. . Tank Truck loading system including, Mass Flow meters, Batch Controller, DCV etc. . Ethanol Blending and MFA dosing systems. . Other field equipment such as online density and temperature sensors, Field Automation and Integration of Sub system Remote Operated Shut off Valves (ROSOV’s), Motor Operated Valves (MOV’s), Double block and bleed valves (DBBV’s), Electrical sub systems, product delivery pumps, firefighting systems. Tank Truck Entry system, bay queue display etc. . Control Room equipment such as LRC, OIC’s, Servers, PLC’s, UPS etc. and necessary TAS software. . Position sensors for tank dyke valves etc. . Safety Shutdown System covering Automated Overfill Prevention System, ESD system. . Meters proving and Calibration facilities. . ROSOV’s, MOV’s, DBBV’s master station, Push Button Stations etc. . Necessary cabling, control panel, earthing etc. . Air Compressor/Air Dryer/Air receiver and piping for pneumatic systems. . Access control, zoning and multi zoning systems, security features like DFMD’s HHMD’s etc. . CCTV system to cover total terminal facilities including perimeter wall.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 61 | P a g e

. Hydrocarbon detectors and flow sensors etc. near all potential leak sources of class ‘A’ petroleum product, . Other automation systems and its interface of SAP system with TAS, and to ensure that engineering and design addresses the need for standardization. . Any other requirement as specified in OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244.

2.5 Safety Measures Following safety and mitigation measures are proposed. A. All product tank dyke wall/enclosure designed with 110% of the largest tank capacity.

 As per OISD standards, all tanks are provided with an enclosure wall to contain any leak from the tanks or in case of failure/rupture of the tank shell.  The dyke provided is designed to contain the 110% of volume of the tank & a free board of 200 mm to take care of containment of oil in case of any leakage of tanks.  The dyke enclosure designed as mentioned above facilitates to fight fire caused by a pool of oil.

B. All product tanks to be provided with 2 nos exclusive SIL 2 certified Radar gauges and 1 no additional over spill protection device to avoid any overflow of tanks.

 All the proposed and existing product storage tanks shall be provided with 2 nos separate radar gauges with SIL 2 certification, which is an internationally accepted standard.  Provision of 2 separate radar gages and monitoring of the same from control room/ PLC system helps to avoid any overflow of product. The radar gauges are linked to the control room and shall give audio visual alarms at the control room in case of the product level reaches higher than the specified level.  In addition to the above, 1 no exclusive and independent Automatic Overspill Protection device is hard wired to the Remote Operated Shut Off Valve and Safety PLC of the automation system. When the product level in the storage tanks rise beyond a pre- defined and safe filling capacity, the Automated Overspill Protection System (AOPS) is triggered and it overrides all operations and logics built in the system to implement total shut down of the operations and closure of all valves of all tanks.  The above safety features prevent any overflow of petroleum product from the storage tanks.

C. All product tanks to be provided with pneumatic fire and fail safe Remote Operated Shut Off Valves.

 All body valves of tanks shall be provided with Fire Safe and Fail Safe Pneumatic actuated Remote Operated Shut Off Valves (ROSOV).  The ROSOVs shall be interlinked with the SIL 2 certified radar gauges, AOPS and Safety PLC. Upon the product level reaching the set trip point of a tank, the ROSOVs shall automatically close overriding all operational logics.

D. All body valves of tanks to be provided with Remote Open and Close facility outside the dyke enclosure to operate during emergencies.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 62 | P a g e

 All valves of tanks shall be provided with an open and close push button just outside the tank enclosure.  The same shall be used to close a particular valve of a tank in case of exigencies, thereby eliminating man entry in to hazardous zone (dyke area) during spillage etc.  This system shall save human lives during emergencies and hazards due to proximity to petroleum vapour.

E. Fire water storage to fight fire for a period of 4 hours as per OISD guidelines has been planned for 2 simultaneous contingencies with full coverage of fire hydrant facilities to the entire Terminal area and positioning of firefighting equipment’s as per OISD standards.

 Permanent fire water storage and fire hydrant system to cover the entire terminal operating area shall be provided.  The water storage and pumping facilities shall be designed to cater 2 simultaneous emergencies inside the terminal as mentioned below.

 Fire water storage: 14400 m3  Fire pumps – 800 m3/hr x 105 m head – 3 nos.  Jockey pumps – 72m3/ hr x 110 m head – 2 nos.  Fire hydrant line network – 4000 m approximately.  Firefighting equipment’s – as per OISD 117 & OISD 244 F. High Volume Long Range remote operated monitors to be provided for all Class A STORAGE tanks.

 In case of a fire, firefighting can be done from the proposed High Volume Long Range Monitors (HVLR).  The HVLRs shall have motorized valves with provision to operate from Remote control panel.  As per OISD 117, 5 nos of fixed type HVLR and 1no Mobile type HVLR with 1000 US GPM capacity are being proposed for the terminal to cover tank farm fires.

G. Hydro carbon detection system to be provided for all tanks, drain valve and manifold in Class A service.

 To detect any leak and potential fire hazard, Hydro-Carbon Detection (HCD) system is proposed for all tanks with Class A service, tank enclosure drain valves and product piping manifolds.  The proposed HCD system shall be linked to the control room and shall alert the Control room officer with audio visual alarm when the concentration of the petroleum vapour exceed beyond pre-defined limits.  The following equipment are being planned for the terminal as part of the HCD system.

 Point type Infra Red (IR) sensor – at each drain valve in tank farm.  Open path IR sensor (range: 0 to 40 m and 0 to 120 m) – at valves and manifold of Class A product.  Portable Gas detector – 1 no.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 63 | P a g e

 Test filter – 1no.

H. Fixed water spray system has been provided for all class A tanks & greater than 30m dia class C tanks and fixed foam pourer system has been provided for all Class A Tanks and for Class B tanks above 18 m diameter.

 The fixed foam pourer system shall apply foam solution to the surface of fire to create smothering effect and extinguishing of fire.

I. Flow switches shall be provided for all water draw off lines.

 In order to have effective monitoring of water draining from product tanks, a flow switch shall be installed on all drain valves of all tanks to alert the Control room.

J. Proposed Class A tank shall be constructed as internal floating roof tank.

 In order to prevent exposure of petroleum vapour to open environment, the proposed tank on Class A service shall be constructed as an internal floating roof tank with an Aluminum/SS floating deck and a fixed roof. This shall act as an additional safety feature and shall minimize fires due to lightning etc.

K. Manual call points shall be provided at strategic places within the terminal.

 Manual call points are proposed at strategic places inside the terminal to raise alarm in case of any exigency.

L. Receipt and delivery operation shall be done based on in built logic developed in SCADA with site specific interlocks.

 Tank operations like receipt and delivery shall be based on pre-defined logic and controlled by PLC and SCADA systems.  This shall prevent wrong operations and risks like overflow of tanks.

M. Tank truck loading shall have interlocks to monitor grounding of the truck, position of the loading arm and over flow protection system.

Tank truck operation shall be designed with the following interlocks to avoid fire hazards.

 Grounding interlock – To stop loading in the absence of proper grounding and to prevent fire due to static electricity.  Position sensor/ level switch on loading arm – The batch controller commences tank truck loading based on the feedback from loading arm’s position sensor is inserted in to the tank truck compartment. Similarly, the batch controller shall stop loading based on a feedback from a level switch of loading arm to prevent any overflow of tank truck.

N. Separate Safety PLC planned for interlinking of all safety features and for ensuring total shut down of the Terminal.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 64 | P a g e

O. CCTV system shall be provided as per security guidelines applicable and shall be linked with Safety PLC.

2.6 Basic Requirements 2.6.1 Water Requirement and the water balance

Water requirement for the project is mentioned in Table 2.10. The source of water shall be 3 borewells dug at the project site after obtaining the necessary approval from CGWA. The other source of water will be the rain water harvesting tank of capacity 200 m3. Table 2.10: Water Requirement Details SN Description Quantity (m3/day) 1 Fresh water for Greenbelt 5 2 Domestic water 9 3 Fire water for Mock drill 6 Total 20

Fire water requirement:  Fire water storage-3*4800kL=14400kL  Fire water storage area – 7193.97 m2  Fire water for drill-6kLD The water balance chart for the proposed project is given in Figure 2.8.

Fresh Water (FW): 20

kLD

Fresh Water for Domestic Water: 9 kLD Fire Water for Drill Greenbelt: 5 kLD (FWD)*: 6 kLD

Loss: 1.8 kLD

Domestic Effluent: 7.2 OWS kLD

Loss: 0.7 kLD

Greenbelt: 17.5 kLD

Note: * - Water required per Fire Mock drill: 180 kL, Monthly one FWD will be carried out Figure 2.8: Water Balance Chart

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 65 | P a g e

2.6.2 Power Requirement

Power Requirement of the project will be fulfilled by TNSEB, which is 1250 kW, 2 DG Sets of 750 kVA and 1 DG set of 500 kVA will be used as backup in case of any power failures or for emergency purposes only. A 2 MW Solar Power Plant is also proposed 2.6.3 Land use breakup

Table 2.11: Land use breakup S No Purpose Area in m2 Area in acres 1. Parking Area 18098.68 4.47 2. Green Belt Area 99602.01 24.62 3. Dyke Area 29463.00 7.28 4. Open Area 37925.14 9.37 5. Fire water storage area 7193.97 1.78 6. Roof Area 4443.00 1.10 7. ETP Area 2000.00 0.49 8. Solar power plant area 40150.44 9.92 9. Pavement area 62975.59 15.56 Total Area 301851.83 74.60

2.6.4 Utility Area

The utility area will includes following;  D. G. Set  Transformer Room  Work Shop  Watch Tower, etc

2.6.5 Manpower Requirement

 Permanent Staff (Organization chart): 10 Officers, 15 Workmen  Temporary Staff: Skilled-30; Semi-skilled: 30; TT Crew: 250 nos 2.7 Wastewater Management There will be no industrial effluent being generated from this project. Sewage generated from domestic sources will be treated in STP (MBBR) of 10 kLD capacity. In case of any open spillage of oil from tank shall lead to Mechanized Oil Water Separator (OWS) where separated oil send back to storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for gardening and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck movement. The capacity of the OWS System shall be 100 m3/h.

2.8 Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal System Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal system are mentioned in Table 2.12 and Table 2.13.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 66 | P a g e

Table 2.12: Non Hazardous waste SN Solid Type of Total Management Waste waste (approximately) Generation From Dry garbage 32 Kg/day Handed over to the authorised 1 Domestic recyclers Activities Wet garbage 13 Kg/day Vermi Composting and manure usage to gardening

Table 2.13: Hazardous waste Sr. Schedule I Quantity Method of Disposal No. Category No. Type Category No. 34.3 Oil Water 5 MT per year CHWTSDF via authorized 1 Sludge – generated from cleaning (approximately) vendors of storage tanks once in 5 years 2.8.1 Waste Generated from Spillage and Leakages

 The installation will have the dyke wall surrounding the liquid cargo storage area with proper PCC/RCC floor and chemical resistance flooring (if required) and the size of dyke wall will be depend on the storage tank capacity.  Unit will provide proper PCC/RCC flooring in the tanker loading and unloading area with proper dyke or barricaded wall so in case of any leakage during loading / unloading it will not spread on ground.  The collection pit(s) will be provided to collect all the spilled and leaked material during loading / unloading or any heavy leakage in storage area.  If there will be any leakage during the tanker movement, shifting, the leaked material will be diluted and collected in drums and it will be sent to hazardous waste storage area.  All the roads and approach roads to the Terminal will be of PCC/RCC and there will be no any chemical handling or shifting on ground.  All the tanker movement will be carried out on proper PCC/RCC area.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 67 | P a g e

CHAPTER 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 General

This chapter provides the description of the existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the environmental attributes like air, water, noise, soil, land use, ecology, socio economics, etc. The study area covers 10 km radius around the project site. The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, ecology, socioeconomic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance.

3.2 Methodology The methodology for conducting the baseline environmental survey obtained from the guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC. Baseline information with respect to air, noise, water and land quality in the study has been collected by primary sampling/field studies during the period of April 2016 to June 2016. The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The collection and analyses of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected over long and short periods. Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to the site.

3.3 Study Area included in Environmental Setting

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the IOC Terminal boundary at Asanur. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s. 3.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover of the Study Area

The study area is considered to be area within a radius of 10 km of the Project site at Asanur. The EIA guidelines of the MoEF mandate the study area in this manner for EIA’s. Land Use Land Cover studies are conducted using satellite imagery. The details of satellite image are as follows: Satellite Data: Landsat 8 cloud free data has been used for Land use / Land cover analysis. Satellite Sensor – OLI_TIRS Path and Row – Path 143, Row 52 Spatial Resolution– 30 m Date of Pass: 4th June 2017 Ancillary Data: GIS and image-processing software are used to classify the image and for delineating drainage and other features in the study area.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 68 | P a g e

Satellite data was classified using supervised classification technique. Maximum likelihood algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. Seven land use/ land cover classes were identified in ten sq. km area around the Project Site. The LULC classes are identified and presented in Table 3.1 and Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.1shows the colour composite satellite map of 10 km radius area from the proposed project site. Band combination was done from the collected satellite data to create the satellite map of the study area.

Figure 3.1: Satellite Map of the study area

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 69 | P a g e

Figure 3.2: Land use/Land cover of 10 Km Study Area

Table 3.1: Land use/Land cover class of 10 Km Study Area LULC Class Area(Ha) Area (%) Agricultural Land 9649.61 30.71

Paddy Field 2075.90 6.61 Vegetation 3978.06 12.66 Open Scrub 6863.96 21.85 Built-up Land 1662.03 5.29 Open Waste Land 6169.46 19.63 Water body 1021.60 3.25 Total 31420.62 100 Agricultural Land (30.71%) dominates in the present land use pattern covering 10 km surrounding the project site. Open scrub (21.85%) and Open waste land (19.63%) occupies second and third land use position respectively. Followed by Vegetation (12.66%), Paddy Field (6.61%), Built-up Land (5.29%) and Water bodies (3.25%) also spread throughout the study area. The area mostly agricultural village hence built up land only 5.29%. The proposed terminal doesn't change any Land use pattern in its environment.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 70 | P a g e

A drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. Drainage basins can be described by the order of streams within them. Streams that have no tributaries (or streams flowing into it) are termed first order streams. When the first order streams join together, they become second order steam. Two second order streams join to form third order stream and so on for forth and further orders. However, a stream may have a tributary with a lower order without becoming a higher order stream. Strahler method of ordering was used for giving order to drainage. Drainage map Figure 3.3of a study area shows highest order of drainage as 6th order i.e. Manimuktha River. Gomuki river on West side join to Manimuktha river. Drainage pattern within 10 km radius around project site shows dendritic type of drainage pattern.

Figure 3.3: Drainage Map of the study area

The project site is located 3.4 km away from the Manimuktha river and does not fall in the flood basin of the river. Branch Manager,SIDCO Cudallore, vide letter no. 695/B/2015 dated 09/04/2018 and letter no 695/B/2015 dated 02.05.2018 has confirmed that, there has been no incidences of flood in the area since 2007 (since the SIDCO Industrial Estate has been formed). Contour Pattern of the Study Area Contouring is the standard method of representing relief on topographic maps. Contour lines are lines joining points of equal elevation on the surface of the ground. For a given map the vertical distance between adjacent contour lines or the contour interval is fixed i.e.25mFigure 3.4Contour

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 71 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State map of 10 km radius around project site predominantly shows a flat terrain. Highest elevation is 115 m and the lowest elevation is 13 m.

Figure 3.4: Contour Map of the study area

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 72 | P a g e

3.3.2 Hydrogeology & Geology

Geomorphology and Soil types Geomorphology The residual hills and denudational hills are common in Tirukoilur, Kallakurichi and Gingee taluks. Structural hills are noticed in the western part of the district. The shallow pediments and buried pediments are common in the central part of the district. Coastal areas are having older and younger flood plains and also beach landforms at places. The ground slope is gentle towards coast. The valley fill near Villupuram is thick, which forms main ground water discharge zone. Lineaments are restricted to parts of Kallakurichi and Sankarapuram areas and productive fractures are noticed in select pockets. The crystalline sedimentary contact fault is having sympathetic fractures in hard rocks but mostly they are dry fractures.

Soils The soils in the district are mostly forest soils and red soil. Alluvial soils are found in eastern side bordering coast. Black soils are confined to low ground in select pockets in Vanur Taluk. Ground Water Scenario Hydrogeology Villupuram district is underlain by crystalline metamorphic complex in the western part of the district and sedimentary tract in eastern side (Plate-II). The thickness of sediments exceeds 600m near southern part of the district. Groundwater occurs under phreatic and semi–confined conditions in consolidated formations, which comprises weathered and fractured granites, gneisses and charnockites whereas in unconsolidated sedimentary rocks the groundwater occurs in phreatic, semi-confined conditions in Vanur sandstone, Kadapperi kuppam formation and Turuvai limestone. The district is having rocky outcrops in major part of Kallakurichi, Sankarapuram and Tirukoilur taluks. The weathering is highly erratic and the depth of abstraction structures is controlled by the intensity of weathering and fracturing. The depth of wells varies from 6.64 to 17 m bgl and water levels in observation wells tapping shallow aquifers varied from 0.74 to 9.7 m bgl during pre-monsoon (May 2006) and it varies from 0.7 to 4.45 m bgl during post monsoon (January 2007). During pre-monsoon, the depth to water levels in the range of >2 to 5 m bgl in major part of the district, in the range of >5 -10 m bgl in western and southeastern parts of the district and range of 0-2 m bgl were recorded in two isolated pockets.

During post monsoon the depth to water levels range of >2 to 5 m bgl exists in major part of the district, range of 0 - 2 m bgl prevails in central and northeastern parts of the district and range of >5 - 10 m bgl were recorded in two isolated pockets in the southwester and north western parts of the district (fig-2). The depth to piezometric surface ranged from 2.8 to 11.25 m bgl during Pre monsoon and 0.5 to 6.35 m bgl during post monsoon. The ground water is being developed my means of dug wells, bore wells and tube wells. The diameter of the well is in the range of 7 to 10 m and depth of dug wells range from 15 to 18 m bgl depending on the weathered thickness and joints. The dug wells yield up to 1 lps in summer months and few wells remains dry. The yield is adequate for irrigation for one or two crops in monsoon period. The yield of bore wells in favourable locations vary from <1 to 6 lps. The valley fills, intersection of lineaments, particularly,

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 73 | P a g e

in the western part along the foot hills of Kalrayan hills are reported to have potential pockets suitable for dug wells and bore wells. The area of contact between crystalline and sedimentary formations has variable yield prospects. The cretaceous formations are very compact and yield prospects are low. The dug wells of 6 m diameter and 10 m bgl depth in sandy tracts give about 3.5 lps. The yield of tube wells in the sedimentary formation ranges from 2.4 to 37 lps. Long-term fluctuation The long –term water level fluctuation for the period of (1998-2007) indicates rise in water level in the range of 0.003 to 0.63 m/year whereas the fall in the water level ranges between 0.014 and 0.31 m /year.

Aquifer Parameters The transmissivity values of fractured aquifers range from < 1 to 141 m2 /day and storativity varies between 2.84x10.5-5 and 8.9x10-3. The transmissivity of sedimentary formation varies from 21 to 748m2 /day and storativity is in the order of 2.75x10-3. Drainage The Ponnaiyar, the Malattar and the Gadilam are the major rivers draining the district. The Ponnaiyar River flows from northwest to east in the district. The Manimukta nadi originates in Kalrayan hills and drains the southern part of the district. The Pambaiyar and the Varaganadhi originate in the uplands of the district and join Bay of Bengal. The Varaganadhi is also known as the Gingee River and drains the parts of Gingee and Vanur taluks of this district. The Malattar and Gadilam rivers also originate in the uplands 2 within the district and flow eastwards to Cuddalore district. All the rivers are ephemeral in nature and carry only floodwater during monsoon period. The drainage pattern is mostly parallel to sub parallel and drainage density is very low. There are small reservoirs across rivers namely Gomukha, Vedur and Mahanathur. Table 3.2: Stage of ground water development Sr. Name Net Existing Existin Existing Allocati Net Stage Catego No of ground gross g gross on for ground of rizatio groun water draft for gross for all domestic water groun n for d availabi irrigatio draft uses and availab d future water lity n for industri ility for water ground assess domest al future devel water ment ic and require irrigati opme unit industr ment on nt block ial supply develo water upto pment supply next 25 years i.e.2029 1 Ulund 8034.65 8042.60 287.6 8330.28 299.65 -307.60 104 Over urpet exploite d

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 74 | P a g e

Figure 3.5: Depth to water level- Premonsoon

Figure 3.6: Depth to water level- Post monsoon

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 75 | P a g e

3.4 Meteorological Data

The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere. The collection and analysis of meteorological data, therefore, is an essential component of environmental impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of meteorological data collected over long and short periods. Since, the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful analysis of reliable data collected very close to the site. Table 3.3: Meteorological Monitoring at study area S.N. Parameter Instrument Frequency 1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather Continuous Automatic 2 Wind Direction station (Envirotech WM 251) 1 hourly Average 3 Ambient Temperature 4 Max. & Min Temperature Wet & Dry Bulb Thermometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST

5 Relative Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 and 17:30 IST 6 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily The aforesaid meteorological parameters were being observed in the field during monitoring period. The analysis of the field observations is given in Table 3.4. The wind rose during the study period is presented in Figure 3.7.

Table 3.4: Meteorological Data Recorded at study area Wind Predominant Temperature, Relative Humidity, Month Speed, wind direction °C % m/s Min Max Min Max Mean April 2016 26.2 38.6 55 73 3.7 E May 2016 24.4 40.0 63 72 4.5 E June 2016 20.9 38.4 65 74 3.7 E

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 76 | P a g e

Figure 3.7: Windrose for period of April 2016 to June 2016.

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at ten locations within the 10 km radius around the site of project to know the existing background ambient air quality. The purpose of the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to assess the impact of the project on the ambient air quality within the region based on the activities of the project. The parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), CO, O3, NH3, Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene.

3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Hydrocarbon (Methane and Non- methane HC) and VOCs were the major pollutants associated with project. The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on PM10, PM2.5, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 77 | P a g e

(NH3), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene at 10 locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatological data.

 Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;  Topography of the study area;  Representative ness of the region for establishing baseline status; and  Representative ness with respect to likely impact areas.

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24-hour basis with a frequency of twice a week at a station during the study period for 10 locations.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the project site is given in Table 3.5 & Figure 3.8. Table 3.5: Ambient Air Monitoring Locations Sl. Location Location Code Distance in km Direction No 1 IOCL SPICOT A1 0.08 NW 2 Asnaur Village A2 1.50 N 3 Gurupeedapuram Village A3 3.17 NW 4 Seevamangalam Village A4 6.21 NNW 5 Eddaikkal Village A5 6.08 NNE 6 SiruvambarVillage A6 3.71 NE 7 PinjanurVillage A7 2.97 SE 8 Elangiyanur village A8 3.29 S 9 Adhiyur village A9 6.60 SW 10 Koothakudi Village A10 5.72 W

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 78 | P a g e

The ambient air quality results are as summarized in Table 3.6andTable 3.7. Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

3 3 3 3 PM10 µg/m PM2.5 µg/m SO2 µg/m NOX µg/m

SN Location Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98% Min Max Mean 98% 1 IOCL SPICOT 41.2 60.1 47.8 59.7 12.4 26.9 18.5 26.2 6.2 8.9 7.3 8.7 12.1 17.2 14.5 16.7 2 Asnaur Village 52.3 67.2 58.7 66.6 15.7 31.2 20.5 30.1 7.5 12.8 10.0 12.4 14.5 20.1 17.1 19.9 3 Gurupeedapuram Village 33.1 49.7 40.4 49.0 10.3 29.4 17.4 28.9 BDL 12.3 8.2 11.0 10.1 18.6 12.6 18.5 4 Seevamangalam Village 33.4 47.8 41.3 47.3 10.7 28.1 18.2 27.7 BDL 9.2 8.2 8.8 10.4 19.8 12.8 19.1 5 Eddaikkal Village 33.6 49.2 39.2 48.0 10.6 27.2 17.5 27.0 BDL 9.6 8.4 9.5 10.7 18.4 12.9 17.7 6 Siruvambar Village 30.2 40.3 35.1 40.3 11.5 23.4 17.4 22.6 BDL 10.8 8.6 10.5 10.2 19.2 11.9 17.5 7 PinjanurVillage 30.2 44.6 36.5 44.0 10.2 25.8 17.4 25.4 BDL 9.7 7.7 8.4 10.4 19.7 12.9 18.9 8 Elangiyanur village 32.8 45.2 37.9 44.9 10.1 26.2 16.6 25.4 BDL 9.7 7.4 9.3 9.9 18.4 12.6 17.6 9 Adhiyur Village 31.8 48.6 37.4 46.9 11.7 25.2 17.0 24.7 BDL 9.4 8.2 9.2 10.2 18.9 12.7 18.4 1 Koothakudi 0 Village 30.8 50.2 38.6 48.9 12.2 27.8 19.2 27.3 BDL 9.1 7.4 8.8 10.2 19.2 13.2 19.1 NAAQ STANDARD$ 100 60 80 80

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 79 | P a g e

Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Benzo alpha Ozone Ammonia Benzene Arsenic SN Location CO mg/m3 Lead µg/m3 Pyrene Nickel ng/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 ng/m3 ng/m3 1 IOCL SPICOT BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 2 Asnaur Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 3 Gurupeedapura m Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 4 Seevamangala m Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 5 Eddaikkal Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 6 SiruvambarVill age BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 7 PinjanurVillag e BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 8 Elangiyanur village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 9 Adhiyur village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) 10 Koothakudi Village BDL(DL:1.14) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:5) BDL(DL:0.001) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:0.8) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:3.0) NAAQ STANDARD$ 2 180 400 1 5 1 6 20

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 80 | P a g e

The other parameters such as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Ammonia (NH3), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As) Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene are all below detection limits.

3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx, CO, O3, NH3, Pb, Ni, As, Benzene, Benzo (a) Pyrene. Table 3.8 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.

Table 3.8: Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Technical Détectable Parameters Technique Protocol Limit 3 PM10 Gravimetric method IS-5182 Part-23 5.0 µg/m 3 PM2.5 Gravimetric method CPCB Guideline 3.0 µg/m Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 Part-2 5.0 µg/m3 Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 Part-6 5.0 µg/m3 Non dispersive Infra-red Carbon Monoxide IS 5182 Part-10 0.1 mg/m3 Spectroscopy 3 Ozone UV Photometric CPCB Guideline 2.0 µg/m Ammonia Indophenol method CPCB Guideline 18 µg/m3 Lead ICP method CPCB Guideline 0.0015 µg/m3 Adsorption & Desorption Benzene IS 5182 Part-11 1.0 µg/m3 followed by GC analysis Solvent extraction Benzo alpha Pyrene followed by GCMS CPCB Guideline 0.1 ng/m3 analysis Arsenic ICP method CPCB Guideline 0.6 ng/m3 Nickel ICP method CPCB Guideline 1.0 ng/m3

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the PM10 passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters per minute.

PM10 has been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-

II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-VI,

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 81 | P a g e

1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants.

3.6 Noise Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity, construction activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.

3.6.1 Objective The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in different zones. i. e. Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones, in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area.

3.6.2 Methodology

 Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering location of industry, commercial shopping complex activities, residential areas with various traffic activity and sensitive areas like hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway noise. The noise monitoring was conducted at eight locations in the study area during monitoring period. 10 sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise.

 Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq) The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same time period.

 Instrument used for Monitoring Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet (Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighing set the sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations. There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e categorized as free field, near field and far field.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 82 | P a g e

 Free Field The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without obstruction from source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square law can be applied so that the sound pressure level decreases by 6dB (A) as the distance is doubled.  Near Field The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the inverse square law does not apply. Usually this region is located within a few wavelengths from the source.  Far Field The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1-meter from the source.

Table 3.9: Noise Level Monitoring Stations in the Study Area Sl. Location Location Distance Direction No Code in km 1 IOCL – Project Site N1 0.08 NW 2 Near Govt. high school - Asanur Village N2 1.50 N 3 Near Panchayat union middle school – N3 3.17 NW Gurupeedapuram Village 4 Near Panchayat Union Primary school - N4 6.21 NNW Seevamangalam Village 5 Near Eddaikkal Village N5 6.08 NNE 6 Panchayat Union Elementary School- Siruvambar N6 3.71 NE Village 7 Near Govt.primary School – Pinjanur Village N7 2.97 SE 8 Near Govt. middle school – Elangiyanur village N8 3.29 S 9 Near Govt. middle school – Adhiyur N9 6.60 SW 10 Near Govt. Primary school – Koothakudi village N10 5.72 W

3.6.3 Method of Monitoring and Parameters Measured

Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour interval. During each hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.

The important parameters to be measured are Leq, Lday, and Lnight. Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for measurement of Leq directly. However, Leq can also be calculated using the following equation: 2 Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90) / 60

Where,

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 83 | P a g e

L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 10% of the total time of measurement.

L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 50% of the total time of measurement.

L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding 90% of the total time of measurement.

Lday: This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m

Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic average using the hourly Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.

3.6.4 Noise Results

The values of noise level parameters like Leq (day), and Leq (night), were monitored during study period and are presented in Table 3.10.

Table 3.10: Ambient Noise Monitoring Results Day Time Night Time SN Name of the Location Leq dB(A) Leq dB(A) 1 IOCL – Project Site 50.1 42.4 2 Near Govt. high school - Asanur Village 51.6 41.5 3 Near Panchayat union middle school – Gurupeedapuram 50.3 41.8 Village 4 Near Panchayat Union Primary school -Seevamangalam 52.7 42.8 Village 5 Near Eddaikkal Village 51.5 42.5 6 Panchayat Union Elementary School- Siruvambar Village 48.2 39.9 7 Near Govt.primary School – Pinjanur Village 51.4 39.5 8 Near Govt. middle school – Elangiyanur village 50.8 42.0 9 Near Govt. middle school – Adhiyur 49.9 41.2 10 Near Govt. Primary school – Koothakudi village 52.1 41.7 Standards 55 45

 Noise Standards Ambient air quality standard in respect of noise have been stipulated by Govt. of India vide Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.11 describes ambient noise standards. In Respect of Noise*

Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Standards

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 84 | P a g e

Limits in dB(A), Leq Area Code Category of Area ** Day time #Night time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone @ 50 40

* As per Environment protection act. ** Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m. # Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m. @ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the competent authority; Use of horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.10. Noise level of the study area varied from 48.2 to 52.7 dB (A) in day time and from 39.5 to 42.5 dB (A) in the night time.

Figure 3.8: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Air & Noise

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 85 | P a g e

3.7 Water Environment 3.7.1 Ground Water Hydrology Hydro-geologically the weathered and fractured zones of crystalline constitute the predominant hydro-geological units. Groundwater occurs under phreetic condition in the weathered horizons. Highly weathered and jointed granitic gneisses occurring the undulating plains form the potential aquifers in the hard rock terrain. Micaschists and shales having very thick weathered residuum also sometimes form good shallow aquifers to be tapped through dug wells.

In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined aquifer conditions. The quality of ground water at project site is saline.

The depth of water table in the study area range varies from 4-5 m below ground level during premonsoon period and less than 2-4 m during post-monsoon period.

3.7.2 Selection of Sampling Locations The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area was conducted by collecting water from ground water sources and surface water sources during Monitoring Period. The sampling locations were identified on the basis of their importance. One surface water samples and five ground water samples were collected during monitoring period.

Table 3.12: Water Quality Sampling Locations Station Code Location Distance in km Direction GW1 IOCL Project site 0.37 NW GW2 Koothakudi village 5.43 W Seevamangalam 6.54 NW GW3 village GW4 Edichchithur village 5.04 E GW5 Elangiyanur village 3.31 S SW1 M.Parur Lake 6.7 SW

3.7.3 Methodology Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures, prescribed by TNPCB, relevant IS Codes and Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report presents data for the Monitoring Period. Analyses of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory. The

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 86 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.

3.7.4 Ground and Surface Water Quality The analysis data for the monitoring period is presented in Error! Reference source not found. and Table 3.14. The physico-chemical characteristics of Ground water are confirming to permissible limits of drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) and suitable for consumption.

Figure 3.9: Sampling Monitoring Locations of Water & Soil

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 87 | P a g e

Table 3.13: Ground Water Characteristics IS 10500:2012$

Requirem Permissi Parameter S Method of Un ent ble Limit (Characteris GW 1 GW 2 GW3 GW4 GW5 N Test it (Acceptab in the tic) le Limit) Absence of Alternat e Source Turbidity in APHA 22nd 01 NTU 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.1 2.6 1 5 NTU Edn.2130 B APHA 22nd 02 Temperature Edition °C 25.4 25.9 25.7 25.3 25.5 - - 2550-B APHA No 03 pH @ 25oC 22ndEdn. -- 7.19 7.25 6.99 6.96 7.12 6.5 -8.5 relaxation 4500 H+-B By - - 04 Salinity g/l 0.95 0.87 0.22 0.46 0.35 Calculation Total APHA 05 Dissolved 22ndEdn. mg/l 1975 1842 849.5 1206 783.8 500 2000 Solids 2540-C APHA 22nd Alkalinity as mg 06 Edition 441 429 420 391 298.2 200 600 CaCO /l 3 2320-B Total APHA mg 07 Hardness as 22ndEdn. 754 750 523 506.7 325.4 200 600 /l CaCO3 2340-C APHA Calcium as mg 08 22ndEdn. 115.5 123.8 91 75 200 Ca /l 3500 Ca-B 223 221

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 88 | P a g e

APHA 22nd Magnesium mg 09 Edn.3500 57.1 48.1 24 30 100 as Mg /l Mg-B 48 46 APHA 22nd - - Sodium as mg 10 Edn 3500 265 261 61.2 128.2 80.4 Na /l Na-B APHA 22nd - - Potassium as mg 11 Edn 3500 K- 51 56 12.1 24 15 K /l B APHA Chloride as mg 12 22ndEdn. 530.3 525.9 122.3 256.4 161.24 250 1000 Cl /l 4500 Cl--B APHA Sulphate as mg 13 22ndEdn. 171.31 168.7 84.37 62.52 76.44 200 400 SO4 2- /l 4500 SO4 -E APHA 22nd Nitrate as mg No 14 Edition BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) 45 NO3 /l relaxation 4500-NO3 Total - - APHA 22nd mg 15 Nitrogen as BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) BDl(DL:0.5) BDL(DL:0.5) Edn4500 N /l N Total APHA 22nd - - mg 16 Phosphorous Edition 4500 0.25 0.20 BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1) BDL(DL:0.1) /l as P P-D Phenol as APHA 22nd mg - - 17 BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) BDL(DL:1.0) C6H5OH Edn 5530 D /l Chemical APHA 22nd mg 18 Oxygen 8.0 5.0 6.0 BDL(DL:4.0) 13.0 Edn 5220 B /l Demand APHA 22nd mg 19 Fluoride as F Edition 4500 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.21 1 1.5 /l F-D

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 89 | P a g e

APHA mg No 20 Iron as Fe 22ndEdn. 3.41 2.85 BDL(DL:0.1) 0.59 BDL(DL:0.1) 0.3 /l relaxation 3500 Fe-B APHA 22nd Chromium as mg No 21 Edition 3500 BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) 0.05 Cr6+ /l relaxation Cr-B APHA 22nd mg 22 Copper as Cu Edition 3500 BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) BDL(DL:0.03) 0.05 1.5 /l Cu-B IS Manganese mg 23 3025:PART BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) BDL(DL:0.01) as Mn /l 59 IS 3025 : BDL(DL:0.0 mg BDl(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 No 24 Nickel as Ni Part 54 3) 0.02 /l 3) 3) 3) 3) relaxation (Reaff.2009) APHA 22nd BDL(DL:0.0 0.03 0.2 Aluminium mg BDL(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 BDL(DL:0.0 25 Edn 3500 Al- 2) as Al /l 2) 2) 2) 2) B IS 3025 (Part mg 5 15 26 Zinc as Zn 2.4 5.3 1.6 2.3 2.6 49) /l Mercury as IS 3025 (Part mg BDL(DL:0.000BDL(DL:0.000BDL(DL:0.000BDL(DL:0.000BDL(DL:0.000 0.001 No 27 Hg 48) /l 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) relaxation Arsenic as IS 3025 (Part mg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 28 As 37) /l (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) IS: 3025 Part 0.01 No mg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 29 Lead as Pb 47(Reaff:200 relaxation /l (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) 3) APHA 22nd 0.003 No Cadmium in mg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 30 Edition 3111 relaxation mg/l /l (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) (DL:0.005) -B

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 90 | P a g e

Table 3.14: Surface Water Characteristics

Parameter SN Unit SW1 (Characteristic)

01 Turbidity in NTU NTU 2.1 02 Temperature °C 25.7 03 pH @ 25oC -- 5.92 04 Salinity g/l 0.38 05 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 193.6

06 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 38

07 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 58 08 Calcium as Ca mg/l 18 09 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 3 10 Sodium as Na mg/l 23 11 Potassium as K mg/l 4 12 Chloride as Cl mg/l 48

13 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 74.24

14 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l BDL(DL:0.5) 15 Total Nitrogen as N mg/l BDl(DL:0.5) 16 Total Phosphorous as P mg/l BDL(DL:0.1)

17 Phenol as C6H5OH mg/l BDL(DL:1.0) 18 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.5 19 Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 2.4 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 20.3 21 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.25 22 Iron as Fe mg/l BDL(DL:0.1) 23 Chromium as Cr6+ mg/l BDL(DL:0.03) 24 Copper as Cu mg/l BDL(DL:0.03) 25 Manganese as Mn mg/l BDL(DL:0.01) 26 Nickel as Ni mg/l BDL(DL:0.03) 27 Aluminium as Al mg/l BDL(DL:0.02) 28 Zinc as Zn mg/l 2.4 29 Mercury as Hg mg/l BDL(DL:0.0005) 30 Arsenic as As mg/l BDL (DL:0.005) 31 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL (DL:0.005) 32 Cadmium in mg/l mg/l BDL (DL:0.005)

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 91 | P a g e

3.8 Soil

Soil is generally differentiated into two horizons of minerals and organic constituents of variable depth, which differ from the parent material below in morphology, physical properties, constituents, chemical properties, and composition and biological characteristics. The physico- chemical characteristics of soil have been determined at 4 locations during the monitoring period with respect to colour, texture, cation exchange capacity, pH, N, P, and K etc. The sampling locations have been selected to represent the study area.

3.8.1 Selection of sampling Locations The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations were mainly selected from agricultural field and project site. The sampling locations are given in Table 3.15 and presented in Figure 3.9.

Table 3.15: Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area Code Locations Distance in km Direction S1 IOCL Project site 0.24 NW S2 Koothakudi village 5.44 W S3 Seevamangalam village 6.13 NW S4 Edichchithur village 4.65 E S5 Elangiyanur village 3.33 S

3.8.2 Methodology The soil samples were collected during monitoring period. The samples collected from the all locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 5 sub locations were identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labelled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.

3.8.3 Soil Results The detailed soil results of all the monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.16.

Table 3.16: Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area S.No Test Method Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . Parameters IS 2720 Part 10.4 01 pH @ 25°C 26:(Reaff:2011 -- 7.61 7.85 7.95 8.36 5 )

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 92 | P a g e

S.No Test Method Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . Parameters Electrical IS 14767: 2000 µmhos/c 148. 156. 95.4 49.2 02 Conductivity 2047 (Reaff.2010) m 3 7 9 1 @ 25°C Particle Size Distribution 03 a) 10 mm IS 2720 - Part 4 % Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

b) 4.75 IS 2720 - Part 4 % 0.1 0.4 0.3 mm 0.4 0.2

c) 2 mm IS 2720 - Part 4 % 7.7 14 11 7.4 2.4 d) 425 IS 2720 - Part 4 % 43.5 47.2 45.6 micron 41.3 40 e) 75 IS 2720 - Part 4 % 45 40.6 39.2 micron 44.3 52.0 Texture 04 FAO United a. Percen Nations % 60 82 85 15 20 t Clay Rome,2007 FAO United b. Percen Nations % 30 8 9 76 75 t Silt Rome,2007 FAO United c. Percen Nations % 10 5 6 9 5 t Sand Rome,2007 ESIPL/SOP/C- 05 Calcium as Ca meq/L 1.41 1.63 1.82 1.54 1.41 S/13 Magnesium as ESIPL/SOP/C- 06 meq/L 1.28 1.35 1.41 1.31 1.18 Mg S/13 FAO United Sodium as 07 Nations meq/100g 3.6 2.6 2.4 2.0 1.9 Na(Soluble) Rome,2007 FAO United Potassium as 08 Nations meq/100g 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.4 K(Soluble) Rome,2007 Cation FAO United 09 Exchange Nations meq/100g 1.6 1.49 1.59 1.46 1.39 Capacity Rome,2007

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 93 | P a g e

S.No Test Method Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 . Parameters Sodium IS 11624 - 10 Absorption meq/L 2.15 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.5 1986 Ratio

3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity

3.9.1 Introduction

Oil terminal development activities can have a wide range of impacts on biodiversity, both positive and negative. The development is proposed for the construction for isolated storage of petroleum products (Grass-Root Petroleum Storage)& Distribution Terminal of Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL) at Asanur village in Tamil Nadu involves development of Storage tanks. Around 83,009 KL of Petroleum Products will be handled. About 700 M of pipeline shall be laid from existing pipeline station to the new terminal. Pipelines connecting tanks & other plant facilities shall be provided inside the proposed terminal. Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects in Environmental Impact Assessment in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality. Project being capital in nature shall contribute to the socio economic development, strengthening of the facilities in & around Villupuram. Natural flora and fauna are important features of the environment. They are organized into natural communities with mutual dependencies among their members and show various responses and sensitivities to physical abiotic influences. Integrating ecological thinking into the planning process is essential in the context of natural environment’s dramatic deterioration which has a direct consequence on socioeconomic development.

Ecology is the scientific study of the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms and interaction among organisms. With changes in environmental conditions, structure, density and composition of plants, animals also undergo changes.

3.9.2 Objectives of Ecological Monitoring

a) To evaluate the prevailing ecological status of the habitats adjacent to the project site. b) To assess the impact of proposed construction for isolated storage of petroleum products on ecology, flora and fauna. c) To recommend suitable environment management plan to minimize any adverse impact on adjacent area due to the proposed developments. d) To list the plants and animals present in the study area as per the classifications of MOEF

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 94 | P a g e

3.9.3 Methodology

The study of flora involved intensive sample survey of vegetation in the project site and other locations applying standard methods. The vegetation present within a defined area is termed as a plant community. This is determined by the nature of the dominant species it contains. By the term dominant species or dominance it is understood that species of plants having same life and growth, forms predominating in an area. Abundance, relative abundance, density and relative density of each species diversity and evenness for each of the Zones were calculated using the numerical data (Ludwig and Reynolds 1988, Lande 1996, Smith and Wilson 1996). The biological environment within the identified area of 10 Km radius has been studied with respect to terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Since animals, unlike plants, are capable of movement from one place to another, the methodology applicable for their study is entirely different. The onsite observations were further supplemented by the information collected from secondary sources and other agencies. Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna. Visual encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Additionally survey of relevant literature was also done to consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna distributed inthe area (Smith 1933-43, Ali and Ripley 1983, Daniel 1983, Prater 1993, Murthy and Chandrasekhar 1988). Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human impacts on ecological systems (Lawton 1996) attempt was made together quantitative data on the group by.

Study Area Area is not protected under international conventions, national or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other related value.

Forest Types in Study Area As per Champion &Seth classification, the Tamil Nadu state has 39 forest types which belong to 9 forest type groups tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen, tropical moist deciduous, littoral &swamp, tropical dry deciduous, tropical thorn, tropical dry evergreen, subtropical broadleaved hill and montane wet forest. Villupuram Forest Division consists of 26 Reserved Forests areas out of which tribal are living in Pitchavaram and Killai Reserved Forest. The main activities of this Division are the Protection and Preservation of the existing Natural Reserved Forests and Wild animals such as Spotted Deer, Antelope, Sloth bear etc., and the development of the degraded forests. This Division is implementing various forests acts to protect the Reserved Forests and Reserved Land. The forests of this division are divided into three regions from the points of view of topography, soil conditions and flora. The coastal regions contain the Casuarina plantations, sand dunes, mangroves and scrub jungle. The whole of Pitchavaram, Pitchavaram extension and Killai Reserved Forests and the Porto Novo and Ariyakosti URL. The lateritic region contains the extensive cashew plantation and dry evergreen forest includes Kangiruppum Bit I and II, Velangulam, Ammeri, Narimanam, Semakottai and Extension, Kallamedu and Kuttady Reserved

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 95 | P a g e

Forests. The inland plains region contains the eucalyptus and miscellaneous fuel plantations and the thorny scrub jungles consist of Alwarmalai, Varanjaram, Porasakurichi, Magarur, Kattumailur, Nangur, Krishnapuram, Thottapadi, Kottalamalai, Melpalangur, Mallapuram and Poosapadi Reserved Forests and Pandur, Sirupakkam, Kattayanallur, Kuttakudi. The coastal regions contains sandy areas with sand dunes, tidal swamps scrub jungles.

3.9.4 Ecological Settings of Study Area

Open Scrubs Open scrub is largest land use in study area. The thorny scrub forests found in this part of Tamil Nadu receive very less rainfall and made up of thinly spread thorny forests of Prosopis juliflora which is considered as invasive species. The southern tropical thorn scrub type forests consist of open, low vegetation that is characterized by thorny trees with short trunks and low, branching crowns. The trees in study area attained maximum heights of 4–7 m. Typical grasses of this region include Chrysopogon fulvus, Heteropogon contortus, Eremopogon foveolatus, Aristida setacea and Dactyloctenium species. The plant species that dominate the vegetation in these forests are Acacia sp., Balanites roxburghii, Cordia myxa, Capparis sp, Prosopis sp. Azadirachta indica, Cassia fistula, Diospyros chloroxylon, Carissa carandas and Phoenix sylvestris.

Rivers The study area comprises of Gadilam, Gamukha, Maninukta, Varaha rivers. The district also contains Kaliveli tank. The Sankaraparani River originates on the western slope of Gingee Hill in Villupuram District of the State of Tamil Nadu. It has two sources, one in the Pakkammalai hills and one in the mountains of Melmalayanur. They join near Thenpalai village to form the main river. Sankaraparani is also known as Varahanadi or Gingee River.Pennar, Gadilam, Gomuki, Malattar & Sankaraparani are the five rivers flowing in the District.Gadilam River flows through Thirukoilur Taluk. Malattar River joins Gadilam before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. Pennar River flows through Thirukoilur and Villupuram Taluks Sankaraparani rises in GingeeTaluk and flows through Villupuram Taluk. Gomukhi the main tributary of Manimuktha River joins into Vellar River in Cuddalore District.

General Characteristics of Flora The family Fabaceae ranks first in possessing the largest number of taxa (547), followed by Poaceae (485 taxa), Asteraceae (307 taxa), Rubiaceae (236 taxa) and Orchidaceae (218 taxa). Out of 1788 genera recorded, about 50% are unispecific. Common genus found is Crotalaria, Cyperus, Strobilanthes, Euphorbia, Acacia, Eucalyptus.

Flora of Zone I

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 96 | P a g e

The zone I flora i.e. at and around project site was dominated by thorny bushes and several agricultural fields. Thorny flora was dominated by Acacia leucophloea, Prosopis juliflora, Cactus species, Opuntia species and Agave species. Other species like Calotropis gigantea, Aloe vera and Acacia chundra were occasionally observed. Entire floral community was characterized by stunted growth due to scanty rainfall. Agricultural area was dominated by sugarcane, groundnut and sunflower plantations.

Flora of Zone II The zone II flora was mixture of wild as well as planted species as this zone covered maximum settlements of study area. Tree species such as Aegle marmelos, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Alstonia scholaris, Bauhinia purpurea, Bombax ceiba, Delonix regia, Cocos nucifera, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Phyllanthus emblica and Tamarandus indica were commonly observed in zone II. Open scrubs in zone II were characterized by Prosopis juliflora, Opuntia, Cactus, Acacia species etc.

Flora of Zone III The zone III flora was most diverse in entire study area. AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest sustained rich diversity of plants varying from thorny to deciduous plants. Distinct variation in species was observed. Flora was dominated by thorny plants such as Prosopis juliflora, Acacia horrid, Albizia lebbeck, Flacourtia indica and Zyzypus mauritiana. At midlevel height of hill Albizia amara, Capparis grandis, Crataeva magna, Holarhaena pubescence, Grewia tillifolia, Sterculia urens and Garuga pinnata were observed. Madhuca longifolia, Bauhinea racemosa, Butea monosperma, Haldina cordifolia, Helicteris isora, Mimusops elengi and Vitex nigundo were observed.

Table 3.17: Density, Abundance and Frequency of Plant Species in Study Area Species Family % FO Density Abundance Acacia chundra Mimosaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Acacia ferruginea Mimosaceae 40.00 150 0.111 Acacia horrida Mimosaceae 86.67 325 0.240 Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae 73.33 275 0.203 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33.33 125 0.092 Agave species Liliaceae 40.00 20 0.034 Albizia amara Mimosaceae 86.67 325 0.240 Albizia richardiana Mimosaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae 26.67 100 0.074 Alstonia scholaris Annonaceae 33.33 125 0.092 Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 46.67 175 0.129 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae 20.00 75 0.055 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 80.00 300 0.221 Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinea 46.67 175 0.129

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 97 | P a g e

Species Family % FO Density Abundance Bauhinia racemosa Caesalpinea 40.00 150 0.111 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Borassus flabellifer Aracaceae 93.33 350 0.258 Butea monosperma Fabaceae 40.00 150 0.111 Cactus species Cactaceae 100.00 426 0.381 Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 20.00 24 0.062 Capparis grandis Capparaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Cinnamomum malabatrum Lauraceae 6.67 25 0.018 Commiphora caudate Burseraceae 6.67 25 0.018 Crateva magna Capparaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Delonixregia Caesalpinea 60.00 225 0.166 Dolichandrone arcuata Bignoniaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Dolichandrone atrovirens Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Erythrina suberosa Fabaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae 40.00 150 0.111 Ficus benghalensis Moraceae 66.67 250 0.185 Ficus hispida Moraceae 40.00 150 0.111 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 73.33 275 0.203 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 13.33 50 0.037 Grewia tillifolia Tiliaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Haldina cordifolia Rubiaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae 33.33 125 0.092 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Lagerstroemia parviflora Lytheraceae 13.33 50 0.037 Limonia acidissima Rutaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Madhuca longifolia Sapotaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Melia azedarachta Meliaceae 40.00 150 0.111 Mimusops elengi Sapotaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Moringa concanensis Moringaceae 53.33 200 0.148 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae 60.00 225 0.166 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae 53.33 200 0.148 Plumeria rubra Apocynaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Prosopis Juliflora Mimosaceae 100.00 6250 4.613 Psidium guajava Myrtaceae 33.33 125 0.092 Santalum album Santalaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Spathodea campanulata Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 98 | P a g e

Species Family % FO Density Abundance Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 26.67 100 0.074 Stereospermum colais Bignoniaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae 20.00 75 0.055 Tamarindus indica Caesalpinea 93.33 350 0.258 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Terminalia crenulata Combretaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Terminalia paniculata Combretaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 13.33 50 0.037 Wrightia tinctoria Apocynaceae 6.67 25 0.018 Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae 73.33 275 0.203 Ziziphus xylopyrus Rhamnaceae 33.33 125 0.092

General Characteristics of Fauna There has been no conservation of Biological resources and no conscious effort by the district administration to conserve the rare and threatened species of flora and fauna in the district. Wildlife census in Villupuram district indicates that 1460 animals are protected in the forest areas. The capacity to measure the status and any changes therein of animal resources are an elementary requirement for the ecological assessment. Present assessment surrounding project site incorporates approaches of recording faunal evidences and collecting information regarding animal species from respective resources.

Avifauna Diverse groups of birds were observed in the study area. Most dominant groups were thrushes, flycatchers, tits, warblers, babblers, larks and lapwings. Avifauna observed in open scrubs was dominated by Ashy Prinia (Prinia socialis), Drongo, Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), Blue Cheeked Bee-eater (Merops persicus), Bushlark (Mirafra erythroptera), Rufous Tailed Lark, Paddy field Pipits (Anthus rufulus) and red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) etc. Other common birds observed at various places were cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), common myna (Acridotheres tristis), streaked weaver bird (Ploceus manyar) and bank myna (Acridotheres ginginianus). These birds were found in close association with man and cattle. It has been observed that the majority of birds recorded in study area are omnivorous in habit preferring insects, worms etc. as the principal food item. This could be attributed to absence or very less diversity of fruit bearing plants in study region.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 99 | P a g e

Black Eared Kite Indian Roller

Red Wattled Lapwing Jungle Bush Quail

Table 3.18: Avifauna observed in the study area IUCN Redlist Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Habit Status 1 Great Egret Casmerodius albus R Least Concerned 2 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia R Least Concerned 3 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R Least Concerned 4 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R Least Concerned 5 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii R Least Concerned 6 Black Kite Milvus migrans R Least Concerned 7 Black Eared Kite Milvus migrans lineatus M Least Concerned 8 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus M Least Concerned

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 100 | P a g e

IUCN Redlist Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Habit Status 9 Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R Least Concerned 10 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius R Least Concerned 11 Euarasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto R Least Concerned 12 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis R Not Assessed 13 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R Least Concerned 14 Indian Rosering Parakeet Psittakula krameri R Least Concerned 15 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R Least Concerned 16 Asian Koel Chrysococcyx maculatus R Least Concerned 17 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R Least Concerned 18 Spotted Owlet Athene brama R Least Concerned 19 House swift Apus affinis R Least Concerned 20 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis R Least Concerned 21 Blue Cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus M Not Assessed 22 Green Bee-eater Meropus orientalis R Not Assessed 23 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops R Least Concerned 24 Sand Lark Calandrell araytal R Least Concerned 25 Crested Lark Calandrella crestata R Least Concerned 26 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica M Least Concerned 27 Wire Tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii R Least Concerned 28 Black Drongo Dicrirus macrocercus R Not Assessed 29 Long Tailed Shrike Laniaus schach R Least Concerned 30 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R Least Concerned 31 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R Least Concerned 32 Large Billed crow Corvus macrorbynchos R Least Concerned 33 House Crow Corvus splendens R Least Concerned 34 Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R Least Concerned 35 Red Whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus R Least Concerned 36 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi R Least Concerned 37 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus R Not Assessed 38 Booted Wabler Hippolais caligata M Not Assessed 39 Sykes's Wabler Hippolais rama M Least Concerned 40 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis R Least Concerned 41 House Sparrow Passser domesticus R Not Assessed 42 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela R Least Concerned 43 Laggar Falcon Falco jugger R Least Concerned

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 101 | P a g e

IUCN Redlist Sr. No. Common Name Scientific Name Habit Status 44 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica R Least Concerned

Endangered species No critically endangered, vulnerable or rare species as specified in IUCN Redlist were observed in study area.

Mammals No mammalian fauna was observed in reserve forest during present survey. However, Villagers around forest confirmed the presence of Indian Fox (Vulpesbengalensis), Wild Hare (Lepusnigricollis) and Grey Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii). However, following species declared as Schedule I, II and IV as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 were recorded.

Table 3.19: Scheduled Fauna as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 Common Name Scientific Name Schedule Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Schedule I Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela Schedule I Lagger Falcon Falco jugger Schedule I Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis Schedule II Grey Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii Schedule II Wild Hare Lepus nigricollis Schedule IV

Reptiles Thorny forests, open scrubs and agricultural lands provide unique habitats for reptiles. The study area sustains wide variety of reptiles such as Spectacled Cobra, Common Krait, Russell's Kukri, Common Indian Monitor lizard, Indian Chameleon, Oriental Garden Lizard, Russell's Viper and various species of skinks and geckos.

Benthic and Fish Ecology in Rivers No benthic and aquatic fauna was observed in Vellary stream.

Diversity Indices Following indices were applied to flora in study area for estimation of ecological status of this area 1. Shannon’s index 2. Margalef’s index 3. Simpson’s index

Shannon’ Index

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 102 | P a g e

Typically the value of the index ranges from 1.5 (low species richness and evenness) to 3.5 (high species evenness and richness), though values beyond these limits may be encountered. Because the Shannon Index gives a measure of both species numbers and the evenness of their abundance, the resulting figure does not give an absolute description of a sites biodiversity. It is particularly useful when comparing similar ecosystems or habitats, as it can highlight one example being richer or more even than another. There is always the need to inspect the data or use another index to unpack the true reasons for the difference.

Where: where S is the total number of species and pi is the frequency of the ith species. The value Shannon’s index of flora in zone I (2.71) and zone II (2.75) was observed to be almost similar, indicating no difference in floral communities in these two zones. Whereas, Shannon’s index of flora in zone III was observed to be 3.82 indicating very rich diversity in this zone (Table 5). This could be attributed to diverse flora in AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest.

Margalef’s Index It is calculated from the total number of species presentand the abundance or total number of individuals. Margalef Index (D) = S – 1/ log e N Where: S – total number of species, N – total number of individuals The higher the index the greater is the diversity. The value of Margalef’s index for flora was observed to be 6.93, 6.51 and 8.13 in zone I, II and III, respectively.

Simpson’s Index Simpson's Index measures the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species).

Simpson's Indexλ = ∑ n(n-1)/N(N-1) Where: n – total individuals of each species N – Total individuals of all species With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value of D, the lower the diversity. This is neither intuitive nor logical, so to get over this problem, D is often subtracted from 1 to give: Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 - λ The value of this index also ranges between 0 and 1, but now, the greater the value, the greater the sample diversity. This makes more sense. In this case, the index represents the probability that two individuals randomly selected from a sample will belong to different species. The value of Simpson index for flora was observed to be 0.86, 0.77 and 0.97 in zone I, II and III, respectively.

Table 3.20: Diversity Indices of Flora in Study Area

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 103 | P a g e

Margalef Shannon Simpson Zone Evenness Index Index Index Zone I 6.93 0.66 2.75 0.86 Zone II 6.51 0.66 2.71 0.77 Zone III 8.13 0.92 3.83 0.97

3.9.5 Ecologically Sensitive Sites

Majority of study area is open scrubs and agricultural area. Open scrub sustained very unique ecology. However, no rare or endangered plant species was observed in scrubs. Similarly no breeding grounds and migration routes of birds or animals were observed. Sites identified as ecologically sensitive are mostly confined to hills. Maximum diversity of flora and avifauna was observed in reserve forests. Following sites are recognized as ecologically sensitive in study area.  AlwarMalai Reserve Forest : 6.7 km from Asanur  Koothakudi reserve Forest – 4.5 Km  Idaikkal Reserve Forest – 6.9 Km  Manimukta River – 2.40 Km  Gomukha River – 3.6 Km  Memattur Main Canal – 5.5 Km

Wildlife Management Plan Wildlife management is considered as an essential factor as it refers to diversity at all levels like genetic, species and community. The implementation of biodiversity conservation strategy is very judicious task, particularly in arid climate as that of study area. The formulation of a biodiversity management and wildlife conservation plan for a developmental Project is one of the steps towards the environment conservation. Human activities like industrialization, agricultural expansion, road construction, and other developmental activities are supposed to be major threats to biodiversity and wildlife, therefore, the most effective and efficient mechanisms for conserving biodiversity is to prevent further destruction of degradation of habitats. Four strategies required for the biodiversity management are in Situ strategy, ex Situ Strategy, reduction of anthropogenic pressure and rehabilitation of endangered species. These strategies will be followed for the proposed plan in this project.

Objectives of Wildlife Management Plan 1. Special efforts for conservation of critical/important plant/animal species, in study area 2. Maintain a sustainable approach between project activities, culture of local villagers and biodiversity conservation 3. Establish inventory for the scheduled species 4. Maintain data on traditional knowledge on medicines from local villagers

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 104 | P a g e

5. Prepare Forest Protection/Enhancement Plan In-situ Strategies These strategies are elaborated in detail in biodiversity enhancement plan Ex-situ Strategies The measures like establishment of task force, preparation of people’s biodiversity register, and conservation of scheduled species through ex Situ conservation, awareness programs, and removal of invasive species would also be applicable in this wildlife management plan. In addition, some of the conservation measures are described below.

Incentive for the Surrender of Air Guns Local villagers in study area confirmed the presence of Indian Fox, Grey Mongoose and Wild Hare in AzhwarMalai Reserve Forest. Illegal hunting of Wild Hare for its flesh and fur was observed to be common. However, villagers confirmed that Fox not being hunted as its sighting is very rare. Grey Mongoose is also considered as savior from venomous snakes; hence no threats to Mongoose are envisaged. Hunters with air guns are present in the surrounding of the Project areas. Enforcement of wildlife protection rules is not only the solution to protect the forest resources in study area. However, hunting may be discouraged through providing the attractive incentives for voluntary surrender of air guns. Simultaneously awareness program in the surrounding area would encourage the surrender of air guns. This plan may be strengthen by involving the locals in the Project works. Scheduled avifauna in the study area such as Indian Peafowl and Crested Serpent Eagle are being worshiped religiously. Peafowl is considered as carrier of Lord Karthik while Eagle is considered as carrier of Lord Vishnu. Villagers committed that they consider these birds as very sacred and hunting them is considered as sin. Hence, no threat to scheduled avifauna of study is envisaged. However, conservation of habitats of these birds is very much necessary. Habitats can be conserved through biodiversity enhancement and germ plasm conservation.

Germ Plasm Bank Seed center may be one of the important measures for the conservation of habitats. Objective of germ plasm bank is to preserve the genetic material of species and replenishes the seeds samples when their germination falls below the acceptable level. The seed center is the center of production of seeds of good genetic and physiological quality. Forest officials shall be consulted to further development of the center.

Rehabilitation Strategies Following Wildlife Rehabilitation Plan is proposed for the scheduled fauna. Improvement of vigilance can be achieved through construction of check posts and watch towers. This will reduce illegal hunting. Local villagers shall be engaged for this task. In order to strengthen the working capacity the volunteers of the wildlife management, they must be provided with necessary

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 105 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State equipment such as a camera, wireless, binoculars and other minor equipment (altimeter, search lights, sleeping bags, health kits, etc.) that would increase their capability and efficiency. Under the reward for informers program it is proposed to engage the villagers who are well acquainted with the area and are resourceful in gathering information for hunting. These people could be hired on a contractual basis.

Veterinary facilities and rescue camps for of wild animals shall be developed. For this purpose it is required to maintain a stock of medicines in addition to setting up of a mobile-rescue-cum- publicity-van. Provision of fire lines within critical areas will protect the forest from accidental fires.

Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC) The monitoring and evaluation of Biodiversity Management and Wildlife Conservation Plan will be carried out by a Biodiversity Management Committee (BMC). The committee will follow the guidelines of National Biodiversity Authority, State Forest Department to implement, monitor and evaluate the Biodiversity Management Plan of the proposed Project. The activities of BMC shall be consulted to the Chief Wildlife Warden/Principal Chief Conservator of Forests.

3.10 Socio-Economic Environment

Introduction Socio-economic description is an important part of the Environment Impact Assessment of any industrial project. This section studies the socio-economic profile of the 10 km radius area for the IOCL POL terminal project and analyses the baseline status as well as assess the social impacts of the projects in the study area and suggest mitigation measures to the anticipated adverse impacts of the project. The socio-economic aspects in general, divided into economy, demography, education, health, employment & infrastructure in the study area.

Project Location The proposed project i.e. M/s IOCL Terminal is located in the Industrial Estate of TANSIDCO near the village Asanur in the Tehsil: Ulundurpet, District: Villupuram in Tamil Nadu.

Villupuram: Basic Information Villupuram District in Northern Tamil Nadu is a new district carved out of erstwhile South Arcot District in 1993. It is surrounded on East and South by Cuddalore District and in the West by Salem and Dharmapuri District and on the North by Thiruvannamalai and Kanchipuram District. The district headquarters is located at Villupuram. With an area of 7194 sq. km. Villupuram is the largest district in the state. The district lies in the middle of the Tiruchirapalli to Chennai National

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 106 | P a g e

Highways No. 38. It is well connected by the rail road and it is major junction. From here one can go to any corner of the Tamil Nadu as well as to other part of India. The district is divided 4 Revenue Divisions, 8 Taluks, 3 Municipalities, 1 5 Town Panchayats, 1 Census Town, 22 Community Development Blocks and 1099 Village Panchayats. There are 1486 revenue villages, of these 1431 villages recorded inhabited.

Table 3.21: Demographic Attributes for Villupuram District Description 2011 2001 Actual Population 3,458,873 2,960,373 Male 1,740,819 1,492,442 Female 1,718,054 1,467,931 Population Growth 16.84% 7.43% Area Sq. Km 7,194 7,194 Density/km2 481 412 Proportion to Tamil Nadu 4.79% 4.74% Population Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 987 984 Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 941 961 Average Literacy 71.88 63.80 Male Literacy 80.55 75.06 Female Literacy 63.15 52.38 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 404,106 373,175 Male Population (0-6 Age) 208,246 190,257 Female Population (0-6 Age) 195,860 182,918 Literates 2,195,776 1,650,528 Male Literates 1,234,479 977,374 Female Literates 961,297 673,154 Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.68% 12.61% Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.96% 12.75% Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 11.40% 12.46%

Source: http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/27-Villupuram.html

As per 2011 census, Villupuram district had population of 3,458,873 of which male and female were 1,740,819 and 1,718,054 respectively. In 2001 census, Villupuram district had a population of 2,960,373 of which males were 1,492,442 and remaining 1,467,931 were females. Villupuram District population constituted 4.79 percent of total Tamil Nadu population. In 2001 census, this figure for Villupuram District was at 4.74 percent of Tamil Nadu population.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 107 | P a g e

There was change of 16.84 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of India 2001, Villupuram District recorded increase of 7.43 percent to its population compared to 1991.

The population density of Villupuram district for 2011 is 481 people per sq. km. In 2001, Villupuram district population density was at 412 people per sq. km. Villupuram district has an area of 7,194 sq. km. there is an increase in the population density.

Average literacy rate of Villupuram district in 2011 were 71.88 percent as compared to 63.80 percent in 2001. Gender wise, male and female literacy were 80.55 percent and 63.15 percent respectively. In 2001 census, male and female literacy figures stood at 75.06 percent and 52.38 percent in Villupuram District. Total literate in Villupuram District were 2,195,776 of which male and female were 1,234,479 and 961,297 respectively. In 2001, Villupuram District had 1,650,528 literate in its district. Sex Ratio in Villupuram district is 987 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census whereas it was 984 females per 1000 males as per 2001 census. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 females per 1000 males and sex ratio for Tamil Nadu state is 996 females per 1000 males. The child sex ratio in Villupuram district is 941 girls per 1000 boys in 2011 census as compared to figure of 961 girls per 1000 boys in 2001 census.

There were total 404,106 children under age of 0-6 in Villupuram district as per 2011 census as compared to 373,175 children in 2001 census. Of total 404,106 children, male and female children were 208,246 and 195,860 respectively. Child Sex Ratio as per census 2011 was 941 girls per 1000 boys as compared to 961 girls per 1000 boys in census 2001. In 2011, Children under 0-6 formed 11.68 percent of Villupuram District compared to 12.61 percent of 2001. There was net change of -0.93 percent in this compared to previous census of India.

Total Population without roof at the time of Census 2011 was 1363 in Villupuram district which is 0.04 percent of total population of Villupuram district.

Out of the total Villupuram population for 2011 census, 15.01 percent lives in urban regions of district. In total 519,088 people lives in urban areas of which males are 259,344 and females are 259,744. Sex Ratio in urban region of Villupuram district is 1002 as per 2011 census data. Similarly child sex ratio in Villupuram district was 949 in 2011 census. Child population (0-6) in urban region was 56,710 of which males and females were 29,092 and 27,618. This child population figure of Villupuram district is 11.22 percent of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Villupuram district as per census 2011 is 84.74 percent of which males and females are 90.71 percent and 78.82 percent literates respectively. In actual number 391,833 people are literate in urban region of which males and females are 208,862 and 182,971 respectively.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 108 | P a g e

As per 2011 census, 84.99 percent population of Villupuram districts lives in rural areas of villages. The total Villupuram district population living in rural areas is 2,939,785 of which males and females are 1,481,475 and 1,458,310 respectively. In rural areas of Villupuram district, sex ratio is 984 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio data of Villupuram district is considered, figure is 939 girls per 1000 boys. Child population in the age 0-6 is 347,396 in rural areas of which males were 179,154 and females were 168,242. The child population comprises 12.09 percent of total rural population of Villupuram district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Villupuram district is 69.59 percent as per census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 78.75 and 60.33 percent respectively. In total, 1,803,943 people were literate of which males and females were 1,025,617 and 778,326 respectively.

Socio-Economic Details of Study Area The data is collected and analysed using secondary sources viz. Census records, District Statistical Abstract, Official Document etc. The study area i.e. the 10 km radius area from the project site consists of 35 villages and is spread over the Tehsil of Ulundurpet in Villupuram District and Virudhachalam Tehsil of Cuddalore district. The demographic profile, infrastructure facilities and socio-economic condition is being described under different classifications in the following section.

Methodology The data is collected and analyzed using secondary sources. The secondary data was collected and collated from sources such as viz. District Census Handbook 2011, Census of India website, District Statistical Abstract etc

Demography Summary of demographic structure with reference to population, household, literacy, community structure and employment are presented in this section. Total population of the study area is 79,771 belong to 18,643 households (Census, 2011). Population size ranges from 8,228 persons in Parur village in Cuddalore district, to 438 persons in Seevamangalam village in Villupuram District. Population within the age class 0-6 year accounts for 11.60 percent of the total population in study area.

The demographic characteristics of the study area are depicted in Table 3.22. Average sex ratio for the study area is 984 females per 1000 males, which is lower than the sex ratio of 987 female per 1000 for Villupuram and Cuddalore Districts. There are several villages in the study area with positive sex ration such Pullur (1357), Puthamangalam (1172), whereas some villages have very sex ratio such as Kulapakkam (794), Vannathur (868). The Tamil Nadu state also has a high sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males. There are 18,643 households in the study area and the average size of household is 4 members per household.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 109 | P a g e

Table 3.22: Demographic Characteristics of Study Area No. of Total Sex Ratio Population Size of % SC % Literacy District Name HH Population (0-6) HH Puthamangalam 306 1301 1172 197 4 27.21 57.97 Nedumanur . 280 1423 963 167 5 42.66 64.49 Parindal 465 2325 974 300 5 71.48 62.47 Seevamangalam 97 438 1056 56 5 45.66 52.36 Pudukalani 163 726 921 126 4 65.15 55.00 Thiruppayar 542 2443 1034 290 5 38.07 63.54 Asanur 602 2591 1047 337 4 50.68 67.35 A.Mazhavarayanur 226 969 998 115 4 46.75 67.56

VILLUPURAM Edaikkal 136 684 960 88 5 85.38 67.45 A.Sathanur 282 1320 979 192 5 66.36 76.06 Pali 786 3564 979 462 5 67.17 72.99 Pullur 438 3048 1357 241 7 24.05 80.87 Visalur 291 1231 970 140 4 69.29 73.60 Karnatham 531 2343 1055 306 4 31.71 67.70 Parur 2065 8228 1011 936 4 28.31 72.55 Edaichchithur 1065 4351 932 494 4 21.83 74.28

Kachchiperumanatham 291 1068 887 98 4 18.07 70.10 Chinnaparur 1307 4970 977 533 4 11.61 67.30 Kulapakkam (Eranji) 149 707 794 82 5 48.80 81.12 Aivadugudi 435 1938 940 231 4 62.85 76.16 Ilangiyanur 342 1463 920 162 4 49.01 70.25

CUDDALORE Valasai 460 1948 1014 241 4 45.02 83.54 Pinjanur 338 1360 940 152 4 47.06 62.42 Memathur 515 1992 961 257 4 58.68 68.18 Vannathur 301 1274 868 132 4 61.77 63.40 Nallur 913 3832 984 405 4 32.70 79.11

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 110 | P a g e

No. of Total Sex Ratio Population Size of % SC % Literacy District Name HH Population (0-6) HH Nagar 739 3296 943 392 4 68.45 81.06 Seppakkam 1140 5201 908 484 5 62.22 76.34 Kattumayilur 639 2571 1002 307 4 33.29 67.01 Keelakurichi 375 1458 911 149 4 32.58 63.56 Naraiyur 715 3067 983 377 4 73.92 66.06 Tiruppayur 353 1372 960 168 4 64.65 58.39 Kokothanur 285 1153 906 151 4 1.82 77.84 Chittur 600 2213 992 303 4 50.93 62.04 Sathiyam 471 1903 946 179 4 57.28 73.90 TOTAL 18,643 79,771 984 9,250 4 44.43 70.97

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 111 | P a g e

Vulnerable Population According to the 2011 census, the ratio of SC population to the total population is 44.43 percent in the study area which is higher than the ratio of SC population in Villupuram district which is 29.37 percent and in Cuddalore district which is 29.32 percent. The ratio of SC population of Tamil Nadu to the total population is 20.01 percent. In the study area, villages with very high percent of SC population are Naraiyur (73.92), Parindal (71.48) and Visalur (69.29). The study area has negligible ST population to the total population.

Literacy The average literacy in the study area is 70.97 percent, which is lower than the literacy rate of the Villupuram district i.e. 71.88 percent, and literacy rate of Cuddalore district i.e. 78.04 percent. In the study area the literacy rate is considerably high in male population (81.29 percent) as compared to female population (60.60 percent). The literacy rates are higher in the Cuddalore district as compare to the Villupuram district depicted in the Table 3.23.

Table 3.23: Literacy in the study area Total Male Female Literac Male Female Literates Literates Literates y rate literacy literacy Study Area 50,047 28,723 21,324 70.97 81.29 60.60 Villupuram 2,195,776 1,234,479 961,297 71.88 80.55 63.15 Cuddalore 18,15,281 10,00,322 8,14,959 78.04 85.93 70.14

Economic Activity As per the Census 2011, the workforce in the study area is 41,376 which constitute 51.87 percent of the total population of the study area. The total workers comprise of 26,889 main workers and 14,487 marginal workers. The work participation rate for the Villupuram district is 49.24 percent and for the Cuddalore district is 44.89 percent. Main workers1 constitute 64.99 percent of the total workers. The remaining (35.01 percent) are marginal workers2. Among the main workers, female workers are only 38.86 percent whereas 61.14 percent are male workers.

Table 3.24: Status of working population in the study area

1Main workers were those who had worked for the major part of the year preceding the date of enumeration i.e., those who were engaged in any economically productive activity for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.

2Marginal workers were those who worked any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration but did not work for a major part of the year, i.e., those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 112 | P a g e

Total Main Marginal Non Work participation workers workers workers workers rate Study Area 41,376 26,889 14,487 38,395 51.87 Villupuram 1,703,249 1,260,802 442,447 1,755,624 49.24 Cuddalore 11,69,880 8,37,2713 3,32,609 14,36,034 44.89

Occupational structure The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied. Total workers are classified on the basis of Industrial category of workers into the following four categories:

1. Cultivators 2. Agricultural Labourers 3. Household Industry Workers 4. Other Workers

Of the total workers category, cultivators (30.06 percent) and agricultural labour (52.86 percent) together constitute 82.92 percent of the total workers. It reflects that agricultural sector has absorbed maximum workforce in the study area. Only 2.19 percent of workers in the study area are engaged in the household industry.

Table 3.25: Distribution of Total (main + marginal) workers by category Total Total Workers Workers Cultivators Agricultural Household Others Labourers Industry Study Area 41,376 12,437 21,872 905 6,162 Villupuram 1,703,249 369,646 832,213 38,237 463,153 Cuddalore 11,69,880 1,65,170 5,39,412 32,027 4,33,271

In the study area, about 14.89 percent workers are engaged as ‘other worker’ category. The type of workers that come under this category of 'Other Worker' include all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers or household industry workers are 'Other Workers'. Thus it reflects that the opportunities for other workers category are very less in the study area as it is rural in nature.

Infrastructure

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 113 | P a g e

The study area consists of 35 villages within the 10 km radius area. The area is rural in nature with the town of Ulundurpet more than 15 km away. Basic amenities are available in the villages of the study area. Cuddalore, the district headquarter is the biggest urban pocket near the study area with excellent physical and social infrastructure and basic amenities. Major industries The list of industries in the SIDCO Industrial Estate is given in Table 3.26.

Table 3.26: List of Major industries S No Name of the Unit Dev Plot No Extent in acres 1. Anu Industries 1 0.250 2. Sri Veeranar Engg. 2 0.229 3. Vibgyor Enterprises 3 0.253 4. Vacant 4 0 5. Jaysen Engineering System 5 0 6. RVM and Co. 6 0.296 7. Shree G.B. Pharma 7 0.2681 8. Melubes Industries 8 0.2675 9. Jegatham Bio Tech Inds 9 0.2669 10. S.P. Enterprises 10 0.266 11. Saravanya Paper Cups 11&12 0.531 12. Selvi Packing Mtl. Plant 13 0.2644 13. Sri Maheswari and Co. 14 0.2638 14. Vibgyor Industries 15 0 15. Rayon Industries 16 0.263 16. S.M. Industries 17 0.263 17. Shri Priyanka Fabricators 18 0.263 18. Super Fab Engg. Contractors 19 0.270 19. Belt India Conveyor Service 20 0 20. Ambika Vyapar Pvt. Ltd. 21 0 21. Abi Enterprises 22 &23 0.986 22. Vacant 24 0 23. Vacant 25 0 24. Hydro Flex Piping Systems 26 &27 1.050 25. Sri Mahalakshmi Traders 28 0.494 26. Sri Mahalakshmi Traders 29 0.494 27. Rathpon Engg. 30 0.50 28. Kalai Industries 31 0.986 29. Ultra Max Hydrojet Pvt. Ltd. 32 0.990 30. P.R. Acoustical & Engg. Works 33 & 34 2.080 31. Sri Karpaga Vinayaga 35 1.190 Engineering

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 114 | P a g e

S No Name of the Unit Dev Plot No Extent in acres 32. K.S. Fabricators 36 0.990 33. Vacant 37 0 34. Vacant 38 0 35. Shriram Textiles 39 0 36. Enviro Engineering 40 0.99 37. Ambal Rarechem 41 1.19 38. Vacant 42 0 39. Deepa Plasters 43 0.527 40. Teknovate Plastics (P) Ltd. 44 & 45 1.088 41. Vacant 46 0 42. Rathna Engg. Works 47 0.57 43. Green Air Products 48 0.59 44. Arasan Engg. and Co. 49 & 50 1.206 45. Sri Devi Enterprises 51 0.50 46. Sri Balaji Engg. Co. 52 1.0 47. Emkaay Engg. Works 53 & 54 1.882 48. Emkaay Engg. Works 54 –A 1.082 49. Shri Lakhsmi Agro Foods (P) Ltd. 55 0.4533 50. Vijay Vending 56 0.456 51. Pioneer Retreads 57 0.524 52. Deepak Off Set Printing 58 0.5214 53. Saba Lubricants P Ltd. 59 0.998 54. Southern Boilers & Equipments 60 0.998 (P) Ltd. 55. A.V. Power Green 61 0.998 56. SRS Engg Fabrication 62 0.998 57. Foliage Crop Solutions P Ltd. 63 &64 1.522 58. Foliage Crop Solutions P Ltd. 65 0.524 59. Reena Rubber Works 66 0.524 60. Ksram Industry 67 0.521 61. Southern Thermal Engg Company 68 0.998 62. Muthu Trading Company 69 0.998 63. Sri Venkateswara Hi-Tech Fuels 70 0 64. Bagh Chand Industries 71 0.998 65. Supreme Plasto Containers 72 1.0 66. Sri Jothi Engg. Works 73 0.521 67. Singaram Recyclers 74 0.524 68. Indsri Exports (P) Ltd. 75 & 76 1.243 69. Vacant 77 0 70. Semmathi Engineering 78 0.523 71. Semmathi Engineering 79 0 72. Vacant 80 0 73. Vacant 81 0

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 115 | P a g e

S No Name of the Unit Dev Plot No Extent in acres 74. Annai Engg. Works 82& 85 1.049 75. Ragavendra Plast 83 0.522 76. Fly Brick Industries 84 0.522 77. Brand Print & Packaging Inds. 86 &87 1.048 78. M.S. Electricals 88 0.524 79. Vacant 89 0 80. Vacant 90 0 81. TNEB 91 0 82. Green Industries 92 1.213 83. Sara Brushware Pvt. Ltd. 93 0 84. Matcon Industries 94 0.726 85. Roll Tech Equipments 95 0.4270 86. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd. - 7.440 87. Indian Oil Corpn. Ltd. - 7.774

Road connectivity is also good in the study area as most of the villages are connected to Cuddalore and Salem. The National Highway 38 connecting Vellore to Trichy and State Highway 137 connecting Asanur to Tirukoilur, and State Highway connecting Kallakurichi to Koothakudi, National Highway 68 Ulundurpet and Salem are primary highways criss-crossing the study area.

3.11 Traffic Survey The traffic survey, to ascertain the traffic density in the study area was conducted on the junction at the entry to SIDCO premises. The composition of Traffic includes two wheelers, three wheelers (Goods & Passenger Autos), four wheeler (Passenger Cars) and four wheeler heavy vehicles like Trucks, Lorries, Bus, etc. The recommended PCU Factors for various types of vehicles on Urban Roads has been adopted from IRC 106-1990 guidelines as shown in Table 3.27. Table 3.27: Recommended PCU Factors on Urban Roads Types of Vehicles Passenger Car Equivalency (PCE) Motor Cycle or Scooter (2-Wheeled) 0.75 Passenger Car, Pick-up van 1.0 Auto-rickshaw (3-Wheeled) 2.0 Light Commercial Vehicle 2.0 Truck or Bus 3.7 Bicycle 0.5

Thus,volume of vehicles was estimatedas: PCU unit = No of vehicles* x PCE of those particular vehicle

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 116 | P a g e

Figure 3.10: Location of the Node for Traffic Survey

Traffic study was carried out at 1 node At the junction of SIDCO entrance and the abutting NH-38 as shown in Figure 3.10.

Node-1 Data was collected by physically counting the number of vehicles plying in both directions (north&south bound) of NH38 at the entrance point of SIDCO premises – Node 1. The hourly counts were carried out for the different type/category of vehicles. The variation in the traffic flow at the given road along with the number of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour is presented in the Table 3.28and Figure 3.11.

Location: North Bound NH 38

Table 3.28: Traffic Survey, Node I

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 117 | P a g e

During Lean During Lean During Peak During Peak Hrs. SN Vehicle Type Hrs. (No. of Hrs. (No. of Hrs. Vehicles Vehicles in vehicles/hr) vehicles/hr) in PCU’s PCU’s 1 Two Wheelers 40 30 90 68 2 Three Wheelers 5 10 5 10 3 Cars 343 343 326 326 4 Buses 211 781 209 773 5 Trucks/Lorries 2 7 5 19 Total 601 1171 635 1195 Lean Hrs: Before 8.00 hrs (morning), 13.00 to 17.00 hrs afternoon & after 21.00 hrs (evening) Peak Hrs: Between 8.00 to 13.00 hrs& 17.00 to 21.00 hrs in the evening

During Lean Hours Vehicles in PCU's During Peak Hours Vehicles in PCU's

Figure 3.11: No’s of vehicles during peak hour & lean hour

3.11.1 Existing Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

Capacity of road as per IRC = 2400 PCU’s/hr Total Volume in PCUs during Peak Hours = 1195 Existing Volume/Capacity ratio = 1195/2400= 0.50 The level of service is “C” that is GOOD.

Table 3.29: Level of Service

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 118 | P a g e

Sl. No. Existing Volume/Capacity Ratio Level of Services 1 0.0 to 0.2 “A” (Excellent) 2 0.2 to 0.4 “B” (Very Good) 3 0.4 to 0.6 “C” (Good) 4 0.6 to 0.8 “D” (Fair) 5 0.8 to 1.0 “E” (Poor)

During the proposed project an addition of ~ 300 trips per day (i.e. 150 trucks per day to and fro) of tank trucks is envisaged. To understand that impact due this addition the following modified scenarios on the access roads is discussed. The Node I is shown in the figure.

3.11.2 Modified Traffic Scenario & Level of Service

150 additional trucks i.e.300 trips assume to enter and exit during peak hrs for the proposed project (worst case scenario). Node I: ~150 trucks of 300 additional volume in PCU will be 3.7x300/9 = 124 per hour during peak hours.

Traffic Flow at Node I Total volume during peak hours in PCUs after completion of the project (V) = 1195+124 = 1319 Capacity of Road as per IRC (C) = 2400 PCU’s/hr Modified Existing Volume/Capacity ratio will be (V/C) = 1319/2400 = 0.55. The level of service of the road will be “C” after the proposed project that is “GOOD”.

The above results indicated that the post project scenarios will contribute to addition in existing traffic, the level of service will continue to be GOOD. Traffic will continue to run smoothly without congestion and no widening of road is anticipated.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 119 | P a g e

CHAPTER 4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Introduction Identification of impacts and mitigation measures of the same in Environmental Impact Assessment study helps in quantification and evaluation of impacts. During baseline study several impacts can be identified but it is necessary to identify the critical impacts both positive and negative on various components of the environment that are likely due to installation of proposed storage tanks. The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are the ones that are caused directly due to the project activity on environmental attributes, whereas secondary impacts are indirectly induced.

The construction and operational phase of the project activity comprises various activities, each of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes. The proposed project activities would impart impact on the environment in two distinct phases:

 During construction phase - Temporary or short term impact  During operation phase - May have long term impact

4.2 Impact Assessment

4.2.1 During Construction Phase Land/Soil Environment  During site preparation the topsoil will be removed from the project site and the approach road, which contains most of the nutrients and organisms that give soil productivity. This will in turn result in minor changes of topsoil structure.  Improper disposal of the excavated earth during installation of storage tanks may cause irreversible negative impacts on land environment  Storage of construction material/chemicals if not done at designated place can cause nuisance and hazards  Accidental spillage of Hazardous chemicals/oil may lead to soil contamination  Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during construction phase by workers dwelling on site

Air Environment  The emission anticipated during construction period will include fugitive dust due to excavation of soil, leveling of soil, use of DG sets, movement of heavy construction equipment’s/vehicles, site clearing and other activities  This type of fugitive dust is expected to result in change in the baseline air quality specifically during the construction phase

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 120 | P a g e

 Open burning of solid wastes can cause air pollution Noise Environment The proposed project will lead to emission of noise that may have significant impact on the surrounding communities in terms of increase in noise levels and associated disturbances. Following activities would result in increase in noise level;  Noise generated from operation of pumps and blower  Noise generated from vehicular movement  Noise generated from DG Set  Nuisance to nearby areas due to noise polluting work at night

Identified Impacts on Water Environment  Increased water demand during construction phase for site preparation, dust spraying, construction activities, curing, domestic and other water requirements for labour and staff onsite  Increase in site runoff and sedimentation  Water logging may create unsanitary conditions and mosquito breeding at site

 Domestic sewage will be the only source of water pollution.

 Un-captured run off from the site.

Ecological Environment  Construction may cause minor disturbance to nearby water birds habitat due to noise and vibration.

Socio-Economic Environment  The proposed project does not involve any displacement of inhabitants for the construction of terminal.  Construction phase could lead to creation of employment and procurement opportunities.  A multiplier effect will be felt on the creation of indirect employment through the local community establishing small shops like tea stalls, supply of intermediate raw materials, repair outlets, hardware stores etc.  Self- employment options for individuals possessing vocational or technical training skills like electricians, welders, fitters etc, which are likely to be sourced locally;  There would be influx of workers during construction phase which could lead to pressure on key local infrastructure such as water, healthcare, electricity.  The construction activity could lead to increased nuisance level from air emissions and noise due to transportation of material and equipment as well as labourers.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 121 | P a g e

 The construction activity could also lead to water logging in mud pockets leading to breeding of mosquito and related health impacts.

4.2.2 During Operation Phase Land/Soil Environment  Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of hazardous chemicals/oils  Improper segregation and disposal of solid waste generated during operation of the proposed project

Air Environment  No emission is envisaged during the storage and handling of fuel in storage tank.  No fugitive emission during loading and unloading of oil in and from storage tanks is envisaged.  Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of DG sets only during power outages.  Further, the air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in storage capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of oil.

Noise Environment  Impact of noise due to vehicular traffic  Noise generated due to DG sets

Water Environment  Stress on existing water supply  Generation of waste water  Increased run off from site.

Ecological Environment  Leakage of products during transportation or due to leakage of pipeline may cause damage to small reptiles and terrestrial flora and fauna of the surrounding area

Socio-Economic Environment  Project and associated construction of terminal will eventually lead to permanent job opportunities in the organized and unorganized sector. There is likely to be increased demand for security, kitchen help, need for drivers etc.  Development of physical infrastructure due to construction of the Terminal which could benefit the local population.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 122 | P a g e

4.3 Impact Mitigation Measures

4.3.1 During Construction Phase Land/Soil Environment  Top soil will be stored carefully and will be used again after construction/installation phase is over so as to restore the fertility of project site.  Considering the criticality of the storage tanks and the other facilities, land development by an average of 1.5 m has been proposed which will protect the critical equipment from any surface runoff from nearby catchment areas.  Bituminous materials /any other chemicals shall not be allowed to leach into the soil  Methods to reuse earth material generated during excavation will be followed  Waste oil generated from D. G. sets will be handed over to authorized recyclers approved by CPCB  Usage of appropriate monitoring and control facilities for construction equipments deployed  All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and disposal to the authorized TSDF  The solid waste generation due to workers dwelling on the site will be segregated and will be transported and disposed off to waste disposal facility  All the chemicals used during construction phase will be stored safely and shall have proper bund wall for the maximum volume of chemicals stored

Air Environment  Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission Standards3  Transportation vehicles, DG sets and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB  Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic arrangement for smooth traffic flow  Use of good quality fuel and lubricants will be promoted. Moreover, low sulphur content

diesel shall be used as fuel for DG sets to control emission of SO2  Water sprinkling shall be carried out to suppress fugitive dust during earthworks and along unpaved sections of access roads  Appropriate spill control measures and labeling / handling procedures shall be maintained

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 123 | P a g e

 Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/ green cover

However, the construction activities will be for temporary period and hence, its impact on the existing ambient air quality as well as vegetation will be reversible. Dust emissions are likely to be confined within the limited area.

Noise Environment  No noise polluting work in night shifts  Acoustic enclosures for DG Sets per CPCB guidelines  Provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area  Provision of barricades along the periphery of the site  All contractors and subcontractors involved in the construction phase should comply with the CPCB noise standards4  Activities that take place near sensitive receptors to be carefully planned (restricted to daytime, taking into account weather conditions etc.)  Vehicles and generator sets to be serviced regularly and maintained properly to avoid any unwanted generation of noise or vibration from them  Use of suitable muffler systems/ enclosures/ sound proof glass paneling on heavy equipment/ pumps/ blowers  Pumps and blowers may be mounted on rubber pads or any other noise absorbing materials  In case of steady noise levels above 85 dB (A), initiation of hearing conservation measures  Strengthening of greenbelt for noise attenuation may be taken up, etc.

Water Environment  Avoidance of wastage of curing water  Use of tanker water for construction activity.  Provision of temporary toilets for labour  Wastewater generated will be recycled  For drainage for the industrial estate and the nearby catchment areas, 8-10 m wide area has been demarcated by SIDCO for drainage.  RCC retaining walls all around the terminal has been proposed which shall be able to withstand hydraulic load due to runoff water from the catchment area Ecological Environment  As the construction activity is for short period of time and they try to avoid the construction during winter so the disturbance due to construction is temporary and negligible.

4 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 124 | P a g e

 Greenbelt plantation will be done after construction.  There is no ecological important area (e.g. National Park, Sanctuary) in the study area so impact on that area will be ruled out.

Socio-Economic Environment  Employing local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible.  All buildings/tank foundations are being designed as per Seismic Zone III, ie, one zone higher than the applicable zone for Asanur.  Providing proper facilities for domestic supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education, transportation etc. for the construction workers.  Barricades, fences and necessary personnel protective equipment such as safety helmet, hoes, goggles, harness etc. will be provided to the workers and employees.  Constructional and occupational safety measures to be adopted during construction phase of the industry.  The health of workers will be checked for general illness; first time upon employment and thereafter at periodic intervals, as per the local laws and regulations.  The workers will be diagnosed for respiratory functions at periodic intervals and during specific complaints etc. Health centre and ambulance facility will be provided to the worker.  Job rotation schemes will be practiced for over-exposed persons. Insignificant impact is expected on the workers health and safety during the operation phase stage

4.3.2 During Operation Phase Land/Soil Environment

 Installation of drainage ditches at project site to prevent erosion  All hazardous wastes shall be securely stored, under a shed for eventual transportation and disposal to the authorized CHWTSDF  The solid domestic waste shall be segregated and stored within the premises temporarily and then sent to waste management facility.

Air Environment  Installing an internal floating roof tank to minimize evaporation losses of the product being stored. Class A products shall be stored in internal floating roof tanks to restrict fugitive emissions and vapour recovery system shall be provided for Class A products  For DG sets ( 2 x 750 kVA and 1 x 500 kVA), stack height of 5.5 m (750 kVA) and 4.5 m (500 kVA) above roof height shall be provided as per CPCB guidelines to allow effective dispersion of pollutants  SIL certified instrumentation system with interlocks to prevent any incidences of fire and in turn pollution shall be provided

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 125 | P a g e

 Checking of vehicles and construction machinery to ensure compliance to Indian Emission Standards5  Transportation vehicles, generators and machineries to be properly and timely maintained and serviced regularly to control the emission of air pollutants in order to maintain the emissions of NOX and SOX within the limits established by CPCB  Minimize idling time for vehicles and adequate parking provision and proper traffic arrangement for smooth traffic flow  Attenuation of pollution/ protection of receptor through strengthening of existing greenbelt/ green cover

Noise Environment  Provision of proper parking arrangement, traffic management plan for smooth flow of vehicles help to abate noise pollution due to vehicular traffic.  Green belts and landscaping shall act as noise buffer

Water Environment  The source of fresh water will be 3 bore wells at the project site, which will be dug after obtaining necessary permission from CGWA.  The sewage generated at the project site shall be treated in a 10 kLD STP  Rain water harvesting shall be promoted. Rainwater from the landscape area and hardscape area will be used to recharge the ground water sources through recharge pit  Provision of Storm water drainage system with adequate capacity, Proper maintenance of storm water drainage  In case any open spillage of oil from tank shall lead to Mechanized Oil Water Separator (OWS) of capacity 100 m3/h, where separated oil send back to storage tank after ensuring quality of product. The water from OWS will be reused for gardening and dust suppression in the gantry areas during truck movement, hence there is no adverse impact on receiving water body

Ecological Environment  All the transportation trucks shall be leak proof and the driver of goods carriage is trained in handling the dangers posed during transport of such goods and is aware of safety rules for transportation of hazardous materials so that the chances of tanker over turning are very less.

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/Noise-vehicle.pdf http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pci2/noise_rules_2000.pdf

5 http://cpcb.nic.in/Vehicular_Exhaust.php

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 126 | P a g e

Socio-Economic Environment  Both skilled and unskilled local person should be given preference for the jobs in the operation and maintenance of the Terminal.

4.4 Impact Matrix The matrix was designed for the assessment of impacts associated with almost any type of project. Its method of a checklist that incorporates qualitative information on cause-and-effect relationships but it is also useful for communicating results. Matrix method incorporates a list of impacting activities and their likely environmental impacts, presented in a matrix format. Combining these lists as horizontal and vertical axes in the matrix allows the identification of cause effect relationships, if any, between specific activities and impacts. The impact matrix for the actions identified in Table 4.1 along with various environmental parameters. A rating scale has been devised to give severity of impacts in the following manner. A. Beneficial (positive) impact – Long term B. Low beneficial impact – Short term C. Strong adverse (negative) impact – Long term D. Low adverse impact (localized in nature) – Short term E. No impacts on environment

Table 4.1: Impact Matrix Positive Impact Negative Impact No S.N. Activity Short Long Short Long Impact Term Term Term Term Pre-Project Activity 1 Displacement and resettlement √ of local people 2 Change in land use √ 3 Cutting of trees/vegetation √ 4 Shifting of equipment, √ machinery and material 5 Employment for local people √ Construction Phase 1 Pressure on infrastructure and √ transportation system 2 Impact on air quality including √ dust generation 3 Noise Pollution √ 4 Traffic √

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 127 | P a g e

5 Impact on the land/soil √ environment 6 Impact on groundwater √ 7 Stacking and disposal of √ construction material 8 Impact on water quality √ 9 Health and safety conditions of √ people 10 Social impact √ 11 Economic impact √ Operation Phase 1 Increase in air pollution and √ noise levels 2 Water harvesting and recharge √ 3 Disposal of solid waste √ 4 Infrastructure development √ 5 Quality of life √ 6 Handling operations for transfer, charging of raw materials, final √ product

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 128 | P a g e

4.5 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table 4.2. Table 4.2: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines Construction Phase Camps - Generation of Possible Potential risk of  Local workers will be employed, as -- Workforce sewage, organic contamination respiratory far as possible. Arrangement wastes, construction of project site irritation,  Proper sanitation facilities will be debris etc. and nearby discomfort, or provided for the workers water bodies illness to workers  There are no temporary shelters provided because local workers will be engaged Air Emissions Dust and air Rise in RSPM Potential risk of  Barricading sheets shall be provided CPCB - National emission level at project respiratory  Provision of spraying water to reduce Ambient Air particularly due to site irritation, dust emission Quality Standards the excavation, discomfort, or  Excavated topsoil to be preserved and illness to workers construction and reused for landscaping

movement of  Ensuring all vehicles, generators and vehicles resulting in compressors are shall be maintained air pollution and regularly serviced Noise Construction noise Rise in decibel Unwanted sound  The vehicles used will be with the CPCB - Noise Generation mainly due to level of ambient can cause proper acoustic measures Pollution excavation, Moving noise problems within (Regulation and of vehicles, the body. Control) Rules

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 129 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines operations of cranes Excessive noise  Wherever this cannot be achieved the etc. pollution in area will be earmarked as high noise working areas at level area requiring use of ear construction sites protection gadgets can influence  Avoid night time work psychological

health viz. occurrence of aggressive behavior, disturbance of sleep, constant stress, fatigue and hypertension. Hampered sleeping pattern and may lead to irritation and uncomfortable situations. Soil and  Spillage of  All fuel, Liquid Cargo storage will be Groundwater concrete mixture sited on an impervious base within a Contamination containing bund and secured place. The base and additives and bund walls will be impermeable to the plasticizers. material stored and of an adequate

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 130 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines  Spillage of capacity. Storage at or above roof construction level will be avoided material  Leaking or empty drums will be containing heavy handled as per environment metals, paints, management plan coatings, liners,  Special care will be taken during etc. deliveries of construction materials, especially when fuels and hazardous materials are being handled  Ensure that workers know what to do in the event of a spillage Operation Phase Air Emissions  Release of VOC’s  Contamination  Potential risk of  Above Storage Tanks (ASTs) shall US Environment during operational of surface, and respiratory have a secondary containment area Protection Agency activities (filling, sub-surface irritation, that will contain spills and allow leaks Industry Standard withdrawal, water bodies discomfort, or to be easily detected Emission Factors loading/unloading, during illness to  Secondary containment for ASTs OISD-STD-112 - Safe Handling of tank cleaning and operational workers must be impermeable to the materials Air Hydrocarbon degassing.) activities (soil  Potential risk of being stored. Methods include berms, Mixtures and  For storage tanks, and dermal contact dikes, liners, vaults, and double- Pyrophoric groundwater) the total emission and inhalation walled tanks Substances of VOC is the  The greater the  A manually controlled sump pump result of two types variations in should be used to collect rain water of losses: temperature of that may accumulate in the

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 131 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines Breathing/ the fuel, the containment area of storage tanks. American Standing Losses greater the Any discharge should be inspected for Petroleum Institute and Withdrawal potential loss petroleum or chemicals prior to being Standards6 Losses. and the larger dispensed OISD-STD-112 - the risk of  Installation of vapour recovery Safe Handling of contamination systems to collect the VOC’s emitted Air Hydrocarbon Mixtures and due to during transfer process operations. Pyrophoric condensation. Equipment for transferring the Substances7 product into and out of storage will

consist of aboveground piping, hoses/loading arms, valves, pumps, instrumentation and alarms  Installing an internal floating roof tank to minimize evaporation losses of the product being stored.  Efficiencies of primary seals may be improved through the use of weather shields. Additional controls may be added through a secondary seal.  Evaporative losses from the floating roof design are limited to losses from

6 http://www.api.org/publications-standards-and-statistics/standards

7 http://www.oisd.nic.in/#

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 132 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines the seal system and roof fittings (standing storage loss) and any exposed liquid on the tank walls (withdrawal loss).  Using a pressure-ventilated cap can reduce evaporation losses a further 50% Direct venting of the tank fumes is restricted until a slight pressure has built up in the tank.  Having a painted and pressure vented tank has a 75% vaporation loss reduction compared to a dark tank.  Placing a painted and pressure vented tank in the shade will further reduce the evaporation losses by over 40%. The roof also helps reduce weathering of hoses and valves.  Accumulated water in tanks should be regularly drained off and separated from the oil which is recoverable, while the water is sent for treatment. Wastewater Process waste water  Potential Potential risk of  Oil water should be passed through American arising from: damage of dermal contact appropriately selected and designed Petroleum Institute Tank Bottom tanks due to and inhalation oil and grease trap. Traps are designed Standards Draining, increased to remove some oils and fuels from

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 133 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines Tanker vehicle corrosions from spill sand water. They do not remove other CPCB standards washing, from leaks. pollutants, such as heavy fuel oils, for waste water Vapour Recovery wastewater in chemicals or dust. discharge - Process, tanks.  An API oil-water separator shall also Petrochemicals Contaminated storm  Potential risk be used to separate gross amounts of (Basic and water runoff, of oil and suspended solids from the Intermediates)8 Leaks and spills, contamination wastewater effluents/storm water etc. to water runoff.

bodies from  Other treatment method such as wastewater reprocessing and emulsion breaking runoff. for treating oil and water waste types; stabilization, bio-remediation and sediment washing for oil and sediments waste types shall be considered.  Biological treatment or aerobic biological treatment (activated sludge or aerated basins) to reduce wastewater organic carbon (BOD and COD) load. Biological treatment can also remove phenolic compounds.

8 http://cpcb.nic.in/Industry-Specific-Standards/Effluent/402.pdf

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 134 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines Hazardous  Risk of fire Potential risk of Storage equipment should meet Specific changes Materials, Fire and explosions loss of life or standards for structural design and and additions with and Explosion due to the injury due to fire integrity. regards to leak or flammable and spill prevention, combustible American Petroleum Institute (API) detection or nature of Standards are the primary industry containment have been made to API petroleum standards by which most aboveground standards most products. welded storage tanks are designed, constructed and maintained. These often used for the  Risk of leaks construction and and accidental standards address both newly constructed and existing aboveground maintenance of releases from aboveground storage tanks used in the petroleum, equipment, petroleum storage petrochemical and chemical industries. tanks, pipes tanks. etc during The standards prescribe leak detection, loading and leak prevention, and leak containment OISD-STD-117 - unloading with emphasis on leak or spill detection Fire Protection (handling) and containment. Facilities for Petroleum Depots, Terminals, and Pipeline Installations and Lube oil installations.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 135 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines Hazardous  Hazardous waste Risk of site  Dewatering technologies can be used OISD-GDN-200 - Waste produced include: contamination to significantly reduce the volume of Guidelines For Tank bottom from hazardous sludge.. Preparation Of Oil sludge composed waste and  After a solidification process it can be Spill Response of residual Risk of transported to and disposed of at an Contingency Plan

product, scale rust, contamination appropriately designated landfill and OISD-STD-114 - Sludge from to water bodies. incineration site9. Safe Handling of oil/water  A Spill Response Plan shall be Hazardous separations prepared, and the capability to Chemicals systems, Spill implement the plan should be in place. cleanup material The Spill Response Plan should  Contaminated address potential oil, chemical, and equipment and fuel spills from facilities, transport protective clothing vehicles, loading and unloading  Pigging waste operations, pipeline ruptures, and proximity of water bodies and other festive receptors.  Conduct a spill risk assessment for the facilities and design, drilling, process, and utility systems to reduce the risk of major uncontained spills.

9 TSDF with Secured Landfill Facility and Common Incinerator Facility at M/s Madhya Pradesh Waste Management Project (Division of Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd.) Plot No. 104 - Industrial Area No.-II, Pithampur, Dist- Dhar 454 775 (M.P.) http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/hwmd/Information_TSDF.pdf

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 136 | P a g e

Impacting Activity Potential Impact Compliance/ Environment/ Standards/ Best Source Health and Mitigation Measures Social Environment Practice Contaminants Safety Attribute Guidelines  Conduct a Hazard Risk Assessment using Internationally-accepted methodologies such as Hazardous Operations Analysis (HAZOP), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Hazard Identification (HAZID). The management actions should be included in a Hazardous Material Management Plan.  Shutdown valves shall be installed to allow early shutdown or isolation in the event of a spill; Develop automatic shutdown actions through an emergency shutdown system for significant spill scenarios so that the facility may be rapidly brought into a safe condition.  Ensure adequate personnel training in oil spill, prevention, containment and response.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 137 | P a g e

The above table can be summarized as shown in below matrix as Table 4.3. Table 4.3: Overall Matrix

4.6 Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that proposed project activity at Asanur, Tamil Nadu shall not create any significant negative impact on physical features, water, noise and air environment. The proposed project shall generate additional indirect employment and indirect service sector enhancement in the region and would help in the socio-economic up-liftmen of the local area as well as the state.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 138 | P a g e

CHAPTER 5. PROJECT BENEFITS 5.1 Project Benefits The Proposed project will have indirect positive impact on surrounding area which is as mentioned below:

 Terminal will be set up on barren land; hence no displacement of people is required.  Substantial Socio-economic benefits.  Good Techno-commercial viability.  Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available from local population in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction and Operational phase.  There will be employment opportunity for local people during construction and operation phase.  Infrastructural facilities will be improved due to the project.  Critical analyses of the existing socio-economic profile of the area indicate that the impact of the Project is expected to be of varying nature. The following are the impacts predicted.  Secondary employment will be generated thereby benefiting locals.  Thus a significant benefit to the socio-economic environment is likely to be created due to the project.

5.2 Improvements in the Physical Infrastructure The project will improve supply position of the High Speed Diesel (HSD), Motor Spirit (MS), Bio- Diesel and Ethanol in Tamil Nadu state which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. Delivery distance by tankers, which in turn will reduce trucks on the road the vehicular load on the already strained public roads, thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels and also reduced probability of accidents on the roads due to less movement of tank trucks. Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.

5.3 Improvements in the Social Infrastructure IOCL POL terminal shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility and also improve the social infrastructures like education and health care system etc.

5.4 Employment Potential The project shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be much less. The direct employment opportunities with IOCL are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 139 | P a g e

5.5 CSR and Socio-Economic Development

IOCL not only carries out business but also understands the obligations towards the society. The unit is aware of the obligations towards the society and to fulfill the social obligations unit will employ semi-skilled and unskilled labor from the nearby villages for the proposed project as far as possible. Unit will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the nearby villages by appointing local contractors during construction phase as well as during operation phase. The Project Proponents will contribute reasonably as part of their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in and will carry out various activities in nearby villages. Moreover, unit has planned to carry out various activities for the up-liftment of poor people, welfare of women and labors, education of poor students as part of CSR in the nearby villages and therefore , during and after proposed project, unit will spent more than that required by statutory norms every year towards CSR activities. The various CSR activities in accordance with the Corporate planned at present by the unit is described below;

 Plantation along the road side and development of garden/greenbelt on government barren land/common plots  Education aids and scholarship to poor students  Organize medical camp and providing support for the development and maintenance of the health facilities  Financial support and assistance for the development and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities  Participate and contribute in local religious and social programs  Organize various types of training program for the community like training on scientific agricultural practices, educational training, training for tailoring, embroidery, etc. which ultimately helpful for income generation  Organize various types of awareness program for the community like awareness on the child labor, educational promotion etc.

The activities listed above are not limited to and IOCL will plan and perform other activities according to the need of local community in future. The utilization of this fund in various areas with time bound action plan will be decided based on the requirement of the local community. Table 5.1: Summary of CSR activities Sr No Description Amount (In Lakhs) 1 School Infrastructure around Asanur 104.00 2 Health Care Infrastructure – List from DC 217.71 3 RCC Road for SIDCO Industrial Estate (MSE 510.00 users) Total 831.71

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 140 | P a g e

5.6 Direct Revenue Earning to the National and State Exchequer

This project will contribute additional revenue to the Central and State exchequer in the form of taxes etc. Indirect contribution to the Central and State exchequer will be there due to Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax, income tax from individual as well as taxes from associated units. Thus, the proposed project will help the Government by paying different taxes from time to time, which is a part of revenue and thus, will help in developing the area. 5.7 Other Tangible Benefits

Both tangible and non-tangible benefits will result from this activity and many of those are described above. Apart from direct employment, many other benefits will accrue like

 Erosion control by nalla training, terracing and bunding  Flood control by rain-water arresting, and harvesting  Aesthetics improvement by general greening with emphasis on biodiversity  Developed economy strengthens democratic set-up.  Developed economy brings with it literacy and healthful living  Improved safety-security in surrounding with better Law and Order  Symbiosis and sustainable development will be the ultimate objective

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 141 | P a g e

CHAPTER 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

6.1 Introduction

The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested. The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

 A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures  Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action  Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met

The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore, environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental activities. 6.2 Health Safety and Environment (HSE) Policy of IOCL Indian Oil Corporation is committed to conduct business with strong environment conscience ensuring sustainable development, safe workplaces and enrichment of quality of life of Employees, Customers and the Community. We, at Indian Oil, believe that good S,H&E performance is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management. We shall:  Establish and maintain good standards for safety of the people, the processes and the assets.  Comply with all Rules and Regulations on Safety, Occupational Health and Environmental Protection.  Plan, design, operate and maintain all facilities, processes and procedures to secure sustained Safety, Health and Environmental Protection.  Remain trained, equipped and ready for effective and prompt response to accidents and emergencies.  Welcome audit of our S, H&E conduct by external body, so that stakeholder confidence is safeguarded.  Adopt and promote industry best practices to avert accidents and improve our S, H&E performance.  Remain committed to be a leader in Safety, Occupational Health and Environmental Protection through continuing improvement.  Make efforts to preserve ecological balance and heritage.  Maintain accurate and up-to-date health records or, as the case may be, medical records, of the workers in the factory who are exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 142 | P a g e

which are manufactured, stored, handled or transported and such records shall be accessible to the workers subject to such conditions as may be prescribed.  Provide for Medical Examination of every worker before such worker is assigned to a job involving the handling of, or working with a hazardous substance and while continuing in such job, and after he has ceased to work in such job, at intervals not exceeding 12 months, in such manner as may be prescribed.  All Indian Oil refinery Units have well equipped Occupational Health Centres.  Doctors and paramedics are specially trained to monitor the health of employees working in hazardous areas.  At locations where these facilities are not available, employees’ health check-up is carried out through retainer doctors.  The employees are regularly exposed to training programmes in work-related hazards and ways and means of protection from such hazards. One recent programme organized under the SCOPE (Standing conference of Public Enterprises) covered subjects like :  Prevention of Occupational Cancers and Musculo-skeletal disorders,  Protection of employees from mental illness  Industrial Hygiene – its role in providing Safe and Healthy Workplace  Ergonomics  Construction Safety. Etc.  Various media of Communication like House Journals, Posters, Video Films, etc. are extensively used for creating awareness.  Pre-employment medical examinations are undertaken for selecting right person for the job.  Personnel working in hazardous areas are subjected to periodical medical examination to study the effects of hazards.  Educational programmes are being regularly organized. Some of these programmes are:  Awareness on occupational health hazards.  Management of Fatigue at Workplace  Control of Lifestyle Disorders  First Aid.  Art of living.  Cancer prevention and detection program  Heart care program  At all major locations and wherever feasible, Indian oil has nominated reputed Hospitals for providing medical aid and examination of its employees.  Corporate Occupational Health Manual has been developed and is being periodically reviewed, for strengthening and uniform working of Occupational Health services across the Corporation.  In house compilation and publication of four Health manuals as an attempt to create awareness about key issues on prevention of work related stress, to improve employees’ physical health and prevention of lifestyle disorders with the help of balance nutrition:-  “Managing Stress and Health at Workplace”  "Guidelines on Healthy Lifestyle, Nutrition and Occupational Health"  "Happiness & Wellbeing at Workplace"  "Home remedies for common ailments"

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 143 | P a g e

 Blood Donation camps are periodically organized at various locations.  Drinking water potability tests carried out at various locations  Periodical auditing of systems, procedures and facilities relating to Occupational Health and Hygiene at locations by qualified persons including a member from other units is carried out.  Guidelines developed for maintenance and upkeep of Canteens in Indian oil Corporation.  Nutritional Evaluation Audit (Health & Hygiene) of Canteens and Guest House Kitchens of Indian oil Corporation. Areas of improvement identified and improved upon.  As a part of Swatch Bharat Abhiyan maintenance of Hygiene Index of all Canteens / Kitchens of Indian oil establishments is being maintained and the Hygiene Index prominently displayed.  Workshops on Management of Food Safety, Health & Hygiene at IOCL Locations are organized for Administration/HR Officers in charge of Canteens and Guest Houses.  These Workshops helped the participants to be better equipped with necessary information, create increased awareness and clarify all the points in checklist(s) issued for maintenance of Food Safety, Health & Hygiene at IOCL locations and also has created a substantial awareness among the participants regarding the Health and Hygiene issues involved in the upkeep of industrial Canteens/Kitchens.  “Workshops on Stress Management at Workplace” are organized for Indian oil Executives to improve their productivity, their quality of life and have a perfect Work Life Balance.  Indian Oil Corporation is the first corporate in India to launch "Project Happiness & Well Being for our employees & “Workshops on happiness & Wellbeing at Workplace” are organized for Indian oil Executives to enhance happiness at workplace. 6.2.1 Hierarchy for HSE

IOCL has a dedicated HSE department which is equipped with an online accident/incident reporting portal. Any violations/ non-compliances will be reported through the system and is forwarded to the next level in the hierarchy and is frequently monitored to ensure compliance.

Location In charge

State Head

Region HSE Head

Head Office HSE Head (Marketing Division)

Corporate HSE

Figure 6.1: Hierarchy for HSE

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 144 | P a g e

6.3 EMP during Construction Phase

Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period during the construction activity. Construction should be planned in such a way that excavated material should be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities should preferably be employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.

Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.

6.3.1 Air Environment

During the construction phase, gaseous emissions are expected from the heavy machineries deployed for construction. All other emission sources are intermittent. Though the gaseous emissions are not expected to contribute significantly to the ambient air quality, some generic measures to reduce fugitive and gaseous pollutants emissions during construction phase from point area and line sources shall include the following:  All equipment used during construction should have valid PUC certificate.  The storage and handling of soil, sub-soils, top-soils and materials will be carefully managed to minimize the risk of windblown material and dust  To avoid generation of air borne dust, water sprinkling should do.  There will be no on-site burning of any waste arising from any construction activities  All vehicles delivering construction materials or removing soil will be covered to prevent escape of dust  Engines and exhaust systems of all vehicle and equipment will be maintained so that exhaust emissions do not exceed statutory limits and that all vehicles and equipment are maintained in accordance with manufactures’ manuals. Periodic monitoring of this shall be undertaken to ensure compliance  Exhausts of other equipment used for construction (e.g. generators) will be positioned at a sufficient height to ensure dispersal of exhaust emissions and meet the standards set by CPCB.

6.3.2 Noise Environment

The following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on noise environment during construction phase:  Earth movers and construction machinery with low noise levels should be used  Periodic maintenance of construction machinery and transportation vehicles should be undertaken  Onsite workers should be provided with noise protection devices such as ear plugs/ muffs wherever necessary  Periodic monitoring for the noise levels within the project site and along the outside project boundary shall be undertaken to ensure compliance per CPCB set standards

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 145 | P a g e

6.3.3 Water Environment

Drinking water requirements during the construction phase by the contractors should be met from proposed bore wells on site. Construction labourers should be provided with adequate quantity of drinking water of potable quality.

Sufficient and appropriate sanitary facilities should be provided in order to maintain hygienic conditions in the camps of construction labourers. The wastes, such as, sanitary wastes should be treated in septic tanks followed by soak pits of appropriate size and technology.

The solid waste generated should be collected and disposed in an appropriate manner either at a landfill site or used as compost for agricultural uses. Area for maintenance of vehicles should be so located that contamination of groundwater by accidental spillage of oil can be prevented.

6.3.4 Land Environment

 On completion of construction works all temporary structures, surplus materials and wastes should be completely removed. Dumping of construction waste on agricultural land should be prohibited and stockpiles should be provided with gentle slopes.  The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil, diesel containers or any other non-biodegradable wastes that have leachable constituents should be disposed to authorized recyclers.  A waste management plan should be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.

6.3.5 Biological Environment

The region does not have dense vegetation and land use is dominated by agriculture activities. Following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on biological environment during construction phase:  Plantation should commence at the time site clearing is being undertaken  Number of trees replanted should be at least two times of trees removed  Native species must be planted

6.3.6 Socio-economic Environment

Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme should be developed to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads. Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 146 | P a g e

6.3.7 Health and Safety

 The movement of heavy equipment should be done with proper precaution to prevent any accidents on the road. Occupational risk should be minimized at the project site through implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with 20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries.  Safety training should be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment. Security should also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access to the machinery and equipment.  The contractors should also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable diseases. All contract labors should be vaccinated. All illness and incidents shall be reported and recorded. 6.4 EMP during Operation

In order to mitigate the impacts due to proposed project/ facility on various environmental components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:

6.4.1 Air Environment

 Ambient air quality with respect to SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be continued at appropriate locations in the impact zone  To minimize occupational exposure/hazards, the present practice of using personal protective facilities like helmets, safety (gas) mask/safety dress, shoes etc. be ensured for all workers, engaged in operation of process units within the facility complex  Stacks of adequate height (CPCB norms) for DG Sets to ensure adequate dispersal of pollutants will be provided.  Waste oil will not be incinerated and will be sold to MoEF/TNPCB authorized waste oil recyclers  All access roads (internal as well as external) to be used by the project authorities will be paved (either with Concrete, Paver Blocks or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the roads

6.4.2 Noise Environment Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure practicably low noise levels within the work environment.  The major areas of concern for noise generation will be adequately addressed by considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized  Monitor job and location specific noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations by verifying acceptability of noise levels caused by the project activities and comparison with noise criteria  Conduct periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels, such as compressors, DG sets, etc  Provision of PPE’s will be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors  Acoustic barriers and silencers should be used in equipment wherever necessary

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 147 | P a g e

 Sound proofing/ glass panelling should be provided at critical operating stations/ control rooms, etc  Monitoring of ambient noise levels should also be carried out regularly both inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt

6.4.3 Water Environment

Mechanized Oil Water Separator (OWS) System A holding tank of 200m3 will be provided to receive following streams:  Storm water streams potentially contaminated by oil  Tank Cleaning  Waste Water generated periodically from fire drills and fire fighting in case of accident.

This tank will then be connected to OWS with a capacity of 100 m3/hr. The oil free water should then be used for green belt development to the extent possible.

Additionally, for domestic sewage, 10 kLD Sewage Treatment Plant will be provided. The treated sewage will be used for irrigating the green belt.

There will be no disposal of untreated water on land.

6.4.4 Land Environment  Every precaution should be taken to avoid spillage of oils and other petroleum products on soils to protect groundwater and to avoid any danger to other soil microbial groups which are sensitive to oil pollution  Oil is a potential hazardous substance present in wastes generated from facility. Special care has to be taken in all oil removal operations. OWS Sludge will be sent to authorized HWTSDF.  Greenbelt in and around the facility may be strengthened/maintained  A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be maintained at environmental monitoring cell

Solid/ Hazardous Waste Management

 Tank bottom sludge is generated while cleaning of oil storage tanks. The cleaning of oil storage tanks is done once in five years as per practice of Oil Industry.  Total tank bottom sludge thus generated is kept in secured, covered impermeable sludge pit located within POL terminal at a central place earmarked for the purpose prior to safe disposal through MoEF&CC/ State PCB approved registered recycler.  Used oil, grease and empty drums shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Handling of Waste Material and Transboundary Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendment

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 148 | P a g e

6.4.5 Biological Environment Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.

6.4.6 Socio-economic Environment In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed project and also to maintain good will of local people, it is necessary to take steps for improving the social environment. Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be useful in gaining public confidence and meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested:  IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies  Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may be taken up  Regular medical checkup shall be continued on routine basis in the villages around the facility and also by providing mobile hospital services  Formal and informal training to provide direct and indirect employment to the affected villagers due to the project shall be taken up on priority  Focus shall be on literacy program in collaboration with local government and emphasis will be placed on female literacy. Wherever feasible awareness on improved agricultural practices for increased utilization of land around will be taken up in collaboration with local government & panchayat

6.5 Action Plan for Greenbelt Development

6.5.1 Development of Green Belt

The greenbelt development plan aims at overall improvement in the environmental conditions of the region. The plan is developed with following objectives.  Prevention of land degradation due to activities during construction phase  Enhancing the forest cover for increasing the biodiversity of the region  Providing aesthetic value to the project area  Enhancing the ecological equilibrium of the area  Combating soil erosion A detailed survey was conducted with respect to existing forest types, vegetation diversity and density etc. In the project area for development of greenbelt around project components. The greenbelt plan has been formulated considering the parameters such as climate, soil types etc. Greenbelt around project location will attenuate dust emission and noise during construction. Layout plan for green belt development showing 33% of the total plot is shown in Figure 6.2.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 149 | P a g e

Figure 6.2: Layout plan for Green Belt Development

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 150 | P a g e

Suggestions Regarding the Plantation-process Pits measuring approximately 2’x2’x2’ may be dug where the soil is reasonably deep, and, pits measuring approximately 3’x3’x3’ where the soil is shallow or gravelly. Expose the pits to direct sunlight for about 15 days. If the soil at the site is reasonably good, pits may be filled with 80% site-soil + 20% composted cow- dung. About 200 gm Neem-cake and leaf-litter, grass or agricultural residue may be added. If the soil at the site is poor, pits may be filled with 35% site-soil + 35% fertile soil (from an external source) + 30% composted cow-dung. Neem-cake and other organic matter may be added as in the previous instance. Saplings should ideally be planted after the annual rains begin. The saplings would need to be watered once the rains cease. Construction of temporary shelters of locally available materials such as bamboo and grass around the growing saplings is recommended in the summer, to help the plants withstand the hot sun.

Nursery Development Nurseries would be developed with 6 to 8 seedlings per Sq. meter for potted plants. On an average range to 1.5 acres of land is required for nursery development. Nursery saplings would be developed for species such as Annona squamosa, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Albizzia lebbek, Azadirachta indica and Cocos nucifera. Methods like seed sowing and grafting shall be adopted.

Vermiculture Development and Usage Vermicompost is natural organic manure and its chemical composition is much more superior to compost made either in conventional composting pits or by bacterial decomposition. Vermicompost consists of humus, which is the basic building block of fertile soil. It contains all essential macro and micronutrients for plants in readily available form due to which plants are able to easily absorb them. Vermicompost is prepared with the aid of earthworms. Vermicompost pits shall be developed and biodegradable waste from NTPL premises shall be utilized for manure production.

General Guidelines Regarding the Plantation-plan The original topography and vegetation of the site must be retained, that newly-planted saplings may get the benefit of their natural micro-climate and may survive with relatively less inputs. Soil from the site should be used for the plantation, as far as possible, and supplemented with external nutrients only where necessary. Chemical fertilizers or pesticides must be avoided, as they reduce soil-quality and integrity, as also, the food/medicinal value of plants. Locally available leaf-litter, grass-cuttings, agricultural residue, compost or other organic material may be used as supplementary plant-nutrients. Ground-vegetation should be allowed to shed seeds before cutting or mowing it for mulch. This would leave behind a seed-bank to flourish in the next growing-season, providing a natural source of mulch for the following year.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 151 | P a g e

Burning of land must be avoided, as it reduces soil-quality, and harms the ground-vegetation, amphibians, reptiles and ground-nesting birds. Dumping of waste on the soil must be avoided. Non-biodegradable waste must be carefully collected and safely disposed. Biodegradable waste should be collected and processed, that it may be used to enrich the site-soil.Water-saving practices, such as drip-irrigation and mulching, are recommended. Prediction of Enhancement of Biodiversity On successful implementation of EBMP, diversity of region is expected to be increased. Plantation is proposed over 5 ha along the plant periphery. The proposed density of plant will be 4 no/100m2. Planting trees in denser manner will lead to survival competition between individuals and may not serve the purpose of greenbelt development. Hence total number of plants proposed over 5 ha will be 2,000. Overall 13 native tree species have been suggested for plantation. The present scenario of zone I and zone II is summarized in table below.

Table 6.1: Scenario of zone I and zone II Zone I Zone II Margalef Index 6.93 6.51 Shannon Index 2.75 2.71 Simpson Index 0.86 0.77 Evenness 0.66 0.66

The calculation of estimated diversity indices could be drawn as follows. The diversity indices are calculated on per hectare basis. Density of plantation will be 4 plants per 100m2, hence overall density will be 400 plants per hectare. To avoid monoculture formation, following plantation layout is proposed. Diversity indices can be derived from number of trees proposed to be planted.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 152 | P a g e

Mangifera indica, Ficus benghalensis, Ficus religiosa, Azadirachta indica, Terminalia arjuna, Peltophorum pterucarpum, Pongamia pinnata, Samanea saman, Dalbergia sissoo, Butea monosperma, Tamarindus indica, Albizzia procera, Albizzia lebbeck, Bauhinia purpurea, B. racemosa, B. variegate, Bombax ceiba, Salmalia malabarica, Syzigium cumini, Tectona grandis, Cassia fistula, Butea monosperma, Tamarindus indica, Peltophorum pterucarpum Dalbergia sissoo, Butea monosperma, Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica Bauhinia purpurea, Cassia fistula, Azadiracta indica, Pongamia pinnata Ficus religiosa, Syzigium cumini, Bombax ceiba, Salmalia malabarica

The given layout represents plantation scheme of one hectare. Each block represents 100m2 area. As described earlier 4 plants are recommended in 100 m2 area. Hence, combinations of species to be planted in each block are given in this table. Based on this layout proposed diversity of greenbelt in future can be calculated. According to suggested plan species composition of each hectare will be as follows. Table 6.2: Suggested Trees & Shrubs Trees Shrubs Acacia nilotica Acacia catechu Alstonia scholaris Acacia pennata Anona squamosa Linn. Calotropis gigantean Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Calotropis procera Barringtonia racemosa Citrus limon Bauhinia variegata Clerodendrum inerme Buchanania lanzan Spreng Duranta repens Caesalpinia pulcherrima Murraya paniculata Cordia dichotoma Nerium indicum Callistemon citrinus Ricinus communis Casuarina equisetifolia Tabernaemontona divaricata Derris indica Thuja occidentalis Drypetes roxburghii Ficus religiosa Mimusopes hexandra Pithecellobtum ducle Peltophorum pterocarpum Zizyphus xylopyra

Prediction of enhancement of bio-diversity after plantation of these plants is explained in following section. Margalef Index of the region will increase to 8.3 in both zones. Shannon Index of the region will increase to 3.82 in both zones. Simpson Index of the region will increase to 0.97 in both zones. Evenness of species will increase to 0.96. Comparative analysis of increase in various indices is given in following figures.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 153 | P a g e

Margalef Index Shannon Index

Simpson Index Evenness

6.6 Capital / Recurring Expenditure on Environmental Management

The expenditure will be incurred by IOCL on environmental Matters is given in

Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Expenditure on Environmental Management CAPITAL RECURRING SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE (IN CRORES) (IN CRORES) 1 Emission Control and Engineering (IFR, 5.92 0.15 Viper seal, PV valves & Flame arrestor) 2 Vapour Recovery unit 8.00 0.40 3 Solar Power System 7.5 0.12 4 Solid Waste Management (Sludge Tank) 1.42 0.04 5 Green Belt Development 0.5 0.12 6 Process Safety Facilities AOPS, Safety 11.50 0.58 PLC, HCD, Radar gauge etc) 7 Fire water storage/ FH system & Funds for 34.52 0.86 HSE 8 Lab Equipments and Monitoring Cell 0.09 0.01

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 154 | P a g e

CAPITAL RECURRING SN ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE (IN CRORES) (IN CRORES) 9 Health Chek up & safety Training for TT 0.00 0.06 Crew/Contract Workers 10 Mechanized ETP 0.70 0.02 11 Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 0.07 0.01 12 Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) 0.25 0.01 TOTAL 71.47 2.51

It is expected that IOCL shall incur approximate capital expenditure of about INR 71.47 Crores and an annual recurring expenditure of about INR 2.51 Crores, at current price on environmental management. 6.7 Environmental Monitoring Programme

Introduction Environmental Management is nothing but resource management and environmental planning is just the same as development planning. They are just the other side of the same coin. The resource management and development planning look at the issue from narrow micro-economical point of view while environmental management views the issue from the broader prospective of long term sustained development option, which ensures that the environment is not desecrated. For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, proper environmental monitoring programme should be carried at the Asanur terminal. The programme should include the following:  Environmental Monitoring  Personnel Training  Regular Environmental audits and Correction measures  Documentation–standards operation procedures Environmental Management Plan and other records

Environmental Monitoring Work of monitoring shall be carried out at the locations to assess the environmental health in the post period. A post study monitoring programme is important as it provides useful information on the following aspects.  It helps to verify the predictions on environmental impacts presented in this study.  It helps to indicate warnings of the development of any alarming environmental situations, and thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures in advance.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 155 | P a g e

The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in CHAPTER 3. Post study monitoring programme have been summed up in

Table 6.4.

Table 6.4: Post Study Environmental Monitoring Program Area of Number and Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed Monitoring Sampling locations Sampling

Ambient Air 1 station within Once in three PM10, PM2.5,SO2, NOx, HC, Quality premises and 1 months. VOCs and other parameters as location outside of specified by TNPCB consents premises

Stack monitoring of Once in three SO2, NOx and other parameters DG Set months as specified by TNPCB consents Water 1 Ground water Twice in a year  Physical and Chemical sample within the parameters terminal  Bacteriological parameters  Heavy metals and toxic constituents Inlet and Outlet at Daily when in Parameters as specified in OWS operation TNPCB consents 1 location Quarterly Parameters as specified in Surface water TNPCB consents Noise Within 2 location, 1 Twice in a year Sound Pressure Levels (Leq) within the premises during day and night times. and 1 in nearby village Solid Waste Records of generation Daily -- of used drums, bags and records of their dispatch to suppliers for refilling Records of generation Daily -- of waste oils and their treatment

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 156 | P a g e

Area of Number and Frequency of Parameters to be Analyzed Monitoring Sampling locations Sampling Records of Daily -- generation, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of other solid, aqueous and organic hazardous wastes as required by hazardous waste authorization Environmental Environmental Once in a year -- Audit statement under the EP (Act) 1986

6.7.1 Ambient Air Quality

Monitoring of ambient air quality at the Terminal site should be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the levels of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere; ambient air quality shall be monitored as per

Table 6.4.

6.7.2 Surface Water Quality

Water quality constitutes another important area in the post study monitoring programme. There are no major streams or perennial sources of surface water in the study area. Contamination of surface water in the vicinity of Terminal area during the operation is possible only in one form. i. Contamination of rain water passing through the Terminal. Surface water near the Terminal area should be generally sampled as per the above table.

6.7.3 Ground Water Quality

Ground water quality is also required to be checked periodically to detect any contamination arising out of terminal. Ground water near the terminal area and nearby villages should be generally sampled twice in a year and analyzed for physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters, including heavy metals and trace elements.

6.7.4 Soil Quality

Soil samples close to the Terminal shall be collected as per above table. The samples should be analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as well as organic and nutrient content and heavy

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 157 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State metals. This would help to detect any contamination or buildup of harmful or toxic elements due to leachate from the pollutants.

6.7.5 Noise Level

Ambient noise levels should be monitored at 2 locations inside and outside the Terminal in premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons for day time and night time Leq.

6.8 Environmental Management Cell

The persons-in-charge of the terminal with the assistance of operation and maintenance engineers at respective stations presently look after environmental management. Technical officers of the terminal station shall regularly carry out the following:  Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples.  Systematic and routine housekeeping at the terminal station.

Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials conduct inter station environment auditing to improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, the IOCL has been accredited with national and international certification of repute such as ISO: 14001 and ISO: 9002. Under this following aspects are covered.  Reviewing the whole operation of terminal, once in every two years, to identify the environmental aspects.  Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment management.  Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management functions.  Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at terminal site.  Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at terminal through an external agency approved by SPCBs.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 158 | P a g e

CHAPTER 7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 Public Consultation According to the provision of notification No.SO 1533 (E) Dated 14-09-2006 and the procedure prescribed therein the TNPCB conducted the Public Consultation for the proposal of M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited for Greenfield Petroleum Storage & Distribution Terminal at Sy No. 354(4) (Pt), Village: Asanur, Tehsil: Ulunderpet and District: Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. The Public Notice informing the conducting of the Public Hearing meeting was published on 12.10.2017 in two Newspapers, viz. “The New Indian Express”, English Daily and “Dinamani”, Tamil Daily. The public hearing meeting for the above said project was conducted on 16.11.2017 and headed by the District Revenue Officer, Villupuram District, within the premises of M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited, (Southern Region Pipeline- Pumping Station), Plot No. 107, SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur (NH- 38, Near KM Stone 211), Asanur P.O., Ulundurpet Taluk, Villupuram District. Following concerns were discussed at the Public Hearing and below are the responses to the concerns raised as mentioned in Table 7.1.

Table 7.1: Concerns raised and Responses at Public Hearing Responses to Questions & Queries SN Questions and Queries raised by the public raised 1 Valasai village is around three kilometers from M/s. IOCL authorities reported that the proposed IOCL Terminal. This area is the SIDCO had relocated/re-allotted the drain for around 15 lakes and the catchment area land leaving the watercourse area to for Valasai Eri is just started from 20 meters from ensure the free flow water in the rainy the proposed IOCL Terminal and having nearly season. They said that they met the 100 acres catchment area. The construction of Superintending Engineer, SIDCO at compound wall by IOCL will definitely bypass Chennai and they have discussed the the watercourse and the same will be flowing issue of drain and they assured that they towards the lake near Valasai where the Asanur will provide a drainage system for free lake drain is also joining in that place. During flow of water to flow towards the lake heavy rains, the water flows like a river and if the and they will take all precautionary same is bypassed by compound wall, the entire measures for the safety of the village. water will enter into the lake near Valasai Village which is around 15 meters down from this meeting place, where around 4000 people will be put to severe Hardships in case of any breach in the lake. 2 They also insisted the employment opportunities While responding to the above question to the local people from the above proposed by IOCL, the official of IOCL said that project. no direct employment will be offered and the vacancies for the different post will be filled either through Press

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 159 | P a g e

Responses to Questions & Queries SN Questions and Queries raised by the public raised release advertisement by the department or through Employment Exchange only. However, opportunities are there for indirect employment during construction stage as the workers could be taken from local villages only though the Contractor may be from outside such as Mumbai, Calcutta, Delhi or Chennai 3 If compound wall is constructed and the The project proponent M/s. IOCL has watercourse is assured that all these factors will be bypassed, the tiny MSME units will be affected taken into consideration before laying the compound wall and necessary storm water drain and other safety Facilities would be laid. 4 In case of any oil leak from this Terminal, the M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Limited same will affect around 1300 acres of land which said that flooring inside the dyke wall also should be taken care while construction. M/s. will be an impervious one and more Indian Oil Corporation Limited should over there are two layers of plastic like take all necessary safety and other precautions material will be placed and the flooring before construction of compound wall will be laid over the sheet. In the event of an oil leak, the oil will not reach the earth and the same will be collected in the sheet and taken to the oil-water separator chamber and separated through the mechanized ETP (OWS) of 100 kL/h capacity

7.2 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study

7.2.1 Introduction M/s. IOCL intends to conduct Risk Analysis study for the POL Storage terminal proposed to be constructed at Asanur, Villupuram District in Tamil Nadu to assess the risk associated with loss of containment of the products proposed to be stored. This scope was awarded to Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and accordingly risk analysis and quantitative risk assessment study has been carried out to provide a better understanding of the risk posed to the plant and surrounding population. The consequences & Risk estimation modeling was conducted using PHASTRISK (Version 6.7) software developed by DNV GL.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 160 | P a g e

7.2.2 Scope of the Study The scope of the QRA is given below:  Identification of Hazards and Major Loss of Containment (LOC) events.  Calculation of physical effects of accidental scenarios, which includes frequency analysis for incident scenarios leading to hazards to people and facilities (flammable gas, fire, and smoke, explosion overpressure and toxic gas hazards) and consequence analysis for the identified hazards covering impact on people and potential escalation.  Damage limits identification and quantification of the risks and contour mapping on the plant layout.  Risk contour mapping.  Evaluation of risks against risk acceptable limit  Risk reduction measures to prevent incident to control the accident  Hazard mitigation recommendations based on QRA

7.2.3 Quantitative Risk Analysis Methodology An Overview Risk Analysis is proven valuable as a management tool in assessing the overall safety performance of the Chemical Process Industry. Although management systems such as engineering codes, checklists, and reviews by experienced engineers have provided substantial safety assurances, major incidents involving numerous casualties, injuries and significant damage can occur - as illustrated by recent world-scale catastrophes. Risk Analysis techniques provide advanced quantitative means to supplement other hazard identification, analysis, assessment, control and management methods to identify the potential for such incidents and to evaluate control strategies. The underlying basis of Risk Analysis is simple in concept. It offers methods to answer the following four questions: 1. What can go wrong? 2. What are the causes? 3. What are the consequences? 4. How likely is it? This study tries to quantify the risks to rank them accordingly based on their severity and probability. The report should be used to understand the significance of existing control measures and to follow the measures continuously. Wherever possible the additional risk control measures should be adopted to bring down the risk levels. The methodology adopted for the QRA Study has been depicted in the Flow chart given below:

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 161 | P a g e

Risk Assessment Procedure

Figure 7.1: Methodology

Hazard identification and risk assessment involves a series of steps as follows: Step 1: Identification of the Hazard Based on consideration of factors such as the physical & chemical properties of the fluids being handled, the arrangement of equipment, operating & maintenance procedures and process conditions, external hazards such as third party interference, extreme environmental conditions, aircraft / helicopter crash should also be considered.

Step 2: Assessment of the Risk Arising from the hazards and consideration of its tolerability to personnel, the facility and the environment, this involves the identification of initiating events, possible accident sequences, and likelihood of occurrence and assessment of the consequences. The acceptability of the estimated risk must then be judged based upon criteria appropriate to the particular situation.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 162 | P a g e

Step 3: Elimination or Reduction of the Risk Where this is deemed to be necessary, this involves identifying opportunities to reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of an accident.

Hazard Identification is a critical step in Risk Analysis. Many aids are available, including experience, engineering codes, checklists, detailed process knowledge, equipment failure experience, hazard index techniques, What-if Analysis, Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Studies, Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), and Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). In this phase all potential incidents are identified and tabulated. Site visit and study of operations and documents like drawings, process write-up etc. are used for hazard identification.

Assessment of Risks The assessment of risks is based on the consequences and likelihood. Consequence Estimation is the methodology used to determine the potential for damage or injury from specific incidents. A single incident (e.g. rupture of a pressurized flammable liquid tank) can have many distinct incident outcomes (e.g. Unconfined Vapour Cloud Explosion (UVCE), flash fire.

Likelihood assessment is the methodology used to estimate the frequency or probability of occurrence of an incident. Estimates may be obtained from historical incident data on failure frequencies or from failure sequence models, such as fault trees and event trees. In this study the historical data developed by software models and those collected by CPR18E – Committee for Prevention of Disasters, Netherlands (Edition: PGS 3, 2005) are used.

Risk Assessment combines the consequences and likelihood of all incident outcomes from all selected incidents to provide a measure of risk. The risks of all selected incidents are individually estimated and summed to give an overall measure of risk. Risk-reduction measures include those to prevent incidents (i.e. reduce the likelihood of occurrence) to control incidents (i.e. limit the extent & duration of a hazardous event) and to mitigate the effects (i.e. reduce the consequences). Preventive measures, such as using inherently safer designs and ensuring asset integrity, should be used wherever practicable. In many cases, the measures to control and mitigate hazards and risks are simple and obvious and involve modifications to conform to standard practice. The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is: . Prevention (by distance or design) . Detection (e.g. fire & gas, Leak detection) . Control (e.g. emergency shutdown & controlled depressurization) . Mitigation (e.g. firefighting and passive fire protection) . Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail)

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 163 | P a g e

7.2.4 Hazard Identification

Identification of Hazards and Release Scenarios A technique commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from fractures of all process pipelines and vessels. This compilation includes all pipe work and vessels in direct communication, as these may share a significant inventory that cannot be isolated in an emergency. The following data were collected to envisage scenarios:  Composition of materials stored in vessels / flowing through pipeline  Inventory of materials stored in vessels  Flow rate of materials passing through pipelines  Vessels / Pipeline conditions (phase, temperature, pressure)  Connecting piping and piping dimensions. Accidental release of flammable liquids / gases can result in severe consequences. Delayed ignition of flammable gases can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to extensive loss of life and property. In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can be put out or contained in most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a flammable gas or a vapour cloud gets released. Major accident hazards arise, therefore, consequent upon the release of flammable gases. Factors For Identification Of Hazards In any installation, main hazard arises due to loss of containment during handling of flammable liquids / gases. To formulate a structured approach to identification of hazards, an understanding of contributory factors is essential. Blast over Pressures Blast Overpressures depend upon the reactivity class of material and the amount of gas between two explosive limits. For example MS once released and not ignited immediately is expected to give rise to a gas cloud. These gases in general have medium reactivity and in case of confinement of the gas cloud, on delayed ignition may result in an explosion and overpressures.

Operating Parameters Potential gas release for the same material depends significantly on the operating conditions. The gases are likely to operate at atmospheric temperature (and hence high pressures). This operating range is enough to release a large amount of gas in case of a leak / rupture, therefore the pipeline leaks and ruptures need to be considered in the risk analysis calculations.

Inventory Inventory Analysis is commonly used in understanding the relative hazards and short listing of release scenarios. Inventory plays an important role in regard to the potential hazard. Larger the inventory of a vessel or a system, larger is the quantity of potential release. A practice commonly used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from fractures of pipelines and vessels/tanks containing sizable inventories.

Range of Incidents Both the complexity of study and the number of incident outcome cases are affected by the range of initiating events and incidents covered. This not only reflects the inclusion of accidents and / or non-

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 164 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State accident-initiated events, but also the size of those events. For instance studies may evaluate one or more of the following: . catastrophic failure of container . large hole (large continuous release) . smaller holes (continuous release) . leaks at fittings or valves (small continuous release) In general, quantitative studies do not include very small continuous releases or short duration small releases if past experience or preliminary consequence modeling shows that such releases do not contribute to the overall risk levels.

7.2.5 Consequence Analysis

General Consequence assessment is conducted to understand the impact of identified scenarios in terms of thermal radiation (Jet fire, Flash Fire, Pool Fire), Explosion (vapor cloud explosion) & toxic dispersion. A range of potential consequences are assessed for each of the release scenarios identified. This step identifies the fatality probability, based on hazard type and caused by each release case, to personnel at a range of distances. The consequence evaluation of accidental release will include the calculation of the following parameters as a minimum:  Source term (Vapor and/or Liquid and/or Two phase discharge rate; release duration, spreading and evaporation)  Fire characteristics (jet fire, pool fire, flash fires);  Dispersion characteristics (flammable clouds);  Explosion characteristics;  Hazardous distances (referred to radiation from fires, UFL, LFL and overpressure levels);

7.2.6 Consequence Analysis Modelling

Discharge Rate The initial rate of release through a leak depends mainly on the pressure inside the equipment, size of the hole and phases of the release (liquid, gas or two – phase). The release rate decreases with time as the equipment depressurizes. The reduction mainly on the inventory and the actions taken to isolate the leak and blow-down the equipment

Dispersion Release of gas into the open air form clouds whose dispersion is governed by the wind, by turbulence around the site, the density of gas and initial momentum of the release in case of flammable materials the sizes of these gas clouds above their lower flammability limit (LFL) are important in determining whether the release will ignite. In the study, the results of dispersion modeling for flammable materials are presented as LFL distance

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 165 | P a g e

Consequence Event In this section of the report we describe the probabilities associated with the sequence of occurrences which must take place for the incident scenarios to produce hazardous effects and the modeling of their effects. Considering the present case the outcomes expected are . Flash Fire (FF) . Jet fires . Pool fire . Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE)

Flash Fire Hydrocarbon vapour released accidentally will spread out in the direction of wind. If it finds an ignition source before being dispersed below lower flammability limit (LFL), a flash fire is likely to occur and the flame will travel back to the source of leak. Any person caught in the fire is likely to suffer fatal burn injury. Therefore, in consequence analysis, the distance of LFL value is usually taken to indicate the area, which may be affected by the flash fire. Flash fire (LFL) events are considered to cause direct harm to the population present within the flammability range of the cloud. Fire escalation from flash fire such that process or storage equipment or building may be affected is considered unlikely.

Jet fires Jet fire occurs when a pressurized release (of a flammable fluid) is ignited by any source. They tend to be localized in effect and are mainly of concern in establishing the potential for domino effects and employee safety zones rather than for community risks. The jet fire model is based on the radiant fraction of total combustion energy, which is assumed to arise from a point slowly along the jet flame path. The jet dispersion model gives the jet flame length.

Pool fires A pool fire is a turbulent diffusion fire burning above a horizontal pool of vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel where the fuel has zero or low initial momentum. Fires in the open will be well ventilated (fuel controlled), but fires within enclosures may become under-ventilated (ventilation-controlled). Pool fires may be static (e.g. where the pool is contained) or 'running' fires.

Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) Vapour cloud explosion is the result of flammable materials in the atmosphere, a subsequent dispersion phase, and after some delay an ignition of the vapour cloud. Turbulence is the governing factor in blast generation, which could intensify combustion to the level that will result in an explosion. Obstacles in the path of vapour cloud or when the cloud finds a confined area, as under the bullets, often create turbulence. Insignificant level of confinement will result in a flash fire. The VCE will result in overpressures. It may be noted that VCEs have been responsible for very serious accidents involving severe property damage and loss of lives.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 166 | P a g e

Isolatable Sections The following Table 7.2 describes the isolatable section considered for the study. Table 7.2: Isolatable Sections PIPELINE SCENARIOS

Isolatable Diameter Length Pressure Temperature section Description Scenario identification m m bar C

MOTOR SPIRIT 7 mm MS RECEIPT Leak FROM CTMPL TO IS 1 10% of 0.35 850 3.0000 amb MS TANKS INLET dia (T-01/T02/T03) FBR MS DISPATCH 7 mm FROM MS TANKS Leak OUTLET(T- 10% of IS 2 01/T02/T03) TO dia 0.60 375 2.00 amb TLF PUMP SUCTION ( P- FBR 01A/P-01B/P-01C) MS DISPATCH 7 mm FROM TLF PUMPS Leak IS 3 DISCHARGE (P- 10% of 0.45 350 6.00 amb 01A/P-01B/P-01C) dia TO TLF BAY FBR HIGH SPEED DIESEL 7 mm HSD RECEIPT Leak FROM CTMPL TO IS 4 10% of 0.35 850 3.00 amb HSD TANKS (T- dia 04/T05/T06) FBR HSD DISPATCH 7 mm FROM TANKS (T- Leak 04/T05/T06 TO TLF 10% of IS 5 0.45 400 2.00 amb PUMP SUCTION( dia P-02A/P-02B/P- FBR 02C)

HSD DISPATCH 7 mm IS 6 0.45 350 6.00 amb FROM TLF PUMPS Leak

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 167 | P a g e

Isolatable Diameter Length Pressure Temperature section Description Scenario identification m m bar C

DISCHARGE (P- 10% of 02A/P-02B/P-02C) dia TO TLF BAY FBR

ETHANOL & BIO-DIESEL 7 mm UG ETHANOL Leak PUMP (P-08/P-09) IS 7 10% of 0.15 250 6.00 amb TO ETHANOL dia TANKS (T-07/T08) FBR ETHANOL TANKS 7 mm (T-07/T08) TO Leak ETHANOL TLD 10% of IS 8 0.25 250 2.00 amb PUMPS dia SUCTION(P- FBR 03A/P-03B/P-03C) ETHANOL TLD 7 mm PUMPS Leak IS 9 DISCHARGE (P- 10% of 0.2 350 6.00 amb 03A/P-03B/P-03C) dia TO TLF BAYS FBR 7mm UG BIO-DIESEL Leak PUMP (P-10/P-11) IS 10 10% of 0.15 350 6.00 amb TO BIO-DIESEL dia TANK (T-09) FBR BIO-DIESEL 7 mm TANK (T-09) TO Leak BIO-DIESEL TLD 10% of IS 11 0.2 350 2.00 amb PUMP dia SUCTION(P- FBR 04A/P-04B/P-04C) BIO-DIESEL TLD 7mm PUMP Leak DISCHARGE(P- 10% of IS 12 0.2 400 6.00 amb 04A/P-04B/P-04C) dia TO HSD TANKS FBR (T-04/T05/T06)

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 168 | P a g e

STORAGE TANKS: Isolatable Diamete Heigh Pressur Temperatur section Scenari Capacit Description r t e e identificatio o y (kL) m m bar C n MOTOR SPIRIT 10 mm TK-01 MS IS1 3 leak 32 15 atm amb 10000 TANK Rupture 10 mm TK-02 MS IS14 leak 32 15 atm amb 10000 TANK Rupture 10 mm TK-03 MS IS15 leak 32 15 atm amb 10000 TANK Rupture HIGH SPEED DIESEL 10 mm TK-04 HSD IS16 leak 38 15 atm amb 15726 TANK Rupture 10 mm TK-05 HSD IS17 leak 38 15 atm amb 15726 TANK Rupture 10 mm TK-06 HSD IS18 leak 38 15 atm amb 15726 TANK Rupture BIODIESEL TK-09 10mm IS19 BIODIESE leak 12 14 atm amb 1500 L TANK Rupture ETHANOL TK-07 10 mm IS20 ETHANOL leak 14 13.5 atm amb 1600 TANK Rupture TK-08 10 mm IS21 ETHANOL leak 14 13.5 atm amb 1600 TANK Rupture UNDERGROUND TANKS TK-14 U/G 10mm IS22 ETHANOL 10.5 3 atm amb 70 leak TANK TK-15 U/G 10mm IS23 ETHANOL 10.5 3 atm amb 70 leak TANK

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 169 | P a g e

Isolatable Diamete Heigh Pressur Temperatur section Scenari Capacit Description r t e e identificatio o y (kL) m m bar C n TK-16 U/G 10mm IS24 BIODIESE 10.5 3 atm amb 70 leak L TANK TK-17 U/G 10mm IS25 BIODIESE 10.5 3 atm amb 70 leak L TANK TK-11 U/G 10mm IS26 8 3 atm amb 50 MS TANK leak TK-12U/G 10mm IS27 8 3 atm amb 50 HSD TANK leak

7.2.7 Damage Criteria The damage criteria give the relation between the extents of the physical effects (exposure) and the effect of consequences. For assessing the effects on human beings consequences are expressed in terms of injuries and the effects on equipment / property in terms of monetary loss. This is shown in table 8 The effect of consequences for release of toxic substances or fire can be categorized as . Damage caused by heat radiation on material and people; . Damage caused by explosion on structure and people; . Damage caused by toxic exposure. In Consequence Analysis studies, in principle three types of exposure to hazardous effects are distinguished: 1. Heat radiation due to fires. In this study, the concern is that of Jet fires and flash fires. 2. Explosions 3. Toxic effects, from toxic materials or toxic combustion products. The knowledge about these relations depends strongly on the nature of the exposure. Following are the criteria selected for damage estimation: Heat Radiation: The effect of fire on a human being is in the form of burns. There are three categories of burn such as first degree, second degree and third degree burns. The consequences caused by exposure to heat radiation are a function of: . The radiation energy onto the human body [kW/m2]; . The exposure duration [sec]; . The protection of the skin tissue (clothed or naked body). The limits for 1% of the exposed people to be killed due to heat radiation, and for second-degree burns are given in the table below:

Table 7.3: Effects Due To Incident Radiation Intensity

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 170 | P a g e

Incident Type Of Damage Radiation (kW/m2) Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec. Blistering of skin 4.0 (first degree burns are likely) Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting 12.5 plastic tubing’s etc. 37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment

The actual results would be less severe due to the various assumptions made in the models arising out of the flame geometry, emissivity, angle of incidence, view factor and others. The radiative output of the flame would be dependent upon the fire size, extent of mixing with air and the flame temperature. Some fraction of the radiation is absorbed by carbon dioxide and water vapour in the intervening atmosphere. Finally the incident flux at an observer location would depend upon the radiation view factor, which is a function of the distance from the flame surface, the observer’s orientation and the flame geometry. Assumptions made for the study (As per the guidelines of CPR 18E Purple Book) . The lethality of a jet fire is assumed to be 100% for the people who are caught in the flame. Outside the flame area, the lethality depends on the heat radiation distances. . For the flash fires lethality is taken as 100% for all the people caught outdoors and for 10% who are indoors within the flammable cloud. No fatality has been assumed outside the flash fire area.

Overpressure: Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE) The assessment aims is to determine the impact of overpressure in the event that a flammable gas cloud is ignited. A Vapour cloud Explosion (VCE) results when a flammable vapor is released, its mixture with air will form a flammable vapour cloud. If ignited, the flame speed may accelerate to high velocities and produce significant blast overexposure. The assessment aims is to determine the impact of overpressure in the event that a flammable gas cloud is ignited. The damage effects due to 0.01 bar, 0.1 bar & 0.3 bar are reported in terms of distance from the overpressure source. In case of vapour cloud explosion, two physical effects may occur: . A flash fire over the whole length of the explosive gas cloud; . A blast wave, with typical peak overpressures circular around ignition source. For the blast wave, the lethality criterion is based on: . A peak overpressure of 0.1bar will cause serious damage to 10% of the housing/structures. . Falling fragments will kill one of each eight persons in the destroyed buildings The following damage criteria may be distinguished with respect to the peak overpressures resulting from a blast wave:

Table 7.4 Damage due to overpressure

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 171 | P a g e

Peak Overpressure Damage Type Description

0.30 bar Heavy Damage Major damage to plant equipment structure

0.10 bar Moderate Damage Repairable damage to plant equipment & structure

0.03 bar Significant Damage Shattering of glass

Assumptions for the study (As per the guidelines of CPR 18 E Purple Book) . Overpressure more than 0.3 bar corresponds approximately with 50% lethality. . An overpressure above 0.2 bar would result in 10% fatalities. . An overpressure less than 0.1bar would not cause any fatalities to the public. . 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper.

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 172 | P a g e

20.447 47.906 4 19.427 4 45.3234 0.01 43.6678 NR 3 7 26.680 7 MM 10.1129 5.86804 12.5 15.874 14.5933 12.5 22.1157 0.1 15.8401 NR 4

13.002 15.115 37.5 11.6575 37.5 NR 0.3 12.9162 NR 1 7 59.878 138.30 MS 4 61.3001 4 123.773 0.01 328.771 145.655 RECEIPT 9 7 FROM 10% 46.121 58.959 1 IS1 CTMPL TO 35.2521 26.4675 12.5 45.6643 12.5 62.2155 0.1 90.0907 50.0617 DIA 7 6 MS TANKS INLET (T- 37.730 37.5 36.3889 37.5 NR NR 0.3 65.0121 40.0175 01/T02/T03) 5 33.480 227.79 4 43.7656 4 193.873 0.01 456.662 153.665 6 1 26.446 100.01 FBR 29.9187 12.851 12.5 33.7313 12.5 100.277 0.1 104.009 43.1858 8 8 21.975 37.5 27.7683 37.5 NR NR 0.3 66.9555 31.5775 2

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 173 | P a g e

11.545 24.885 7 MM 8.30318 4.72468 12.5 10.9155 12.5 21.0534 0.1 14.3559 NR 4 1 9.4063 13.868 37.5 8.68771 37.5 NR 0.3 12.175 NR MS 6 3 DISPATCH 64.617 186.75 FROM MS 4 65.1689 4 165.022 0.01 437.925 221.185 TANKS 4 2 OUTLET(T- 10% 49.778 82.240 2 IS2 01/T02/T03) 42.086 26.795 12.5 48.6654 12.5 85.7192 0.1 117.29 71.4287 DIA 7 2 TO TLF PUMP 40.686 37.5 38.8668 37.5 NR NR 0.3 83.6003 55.6934 SUCTION ( 6 P-01A/P- 56.379 332.52 01B/P-01C) 4 63.6809 4 287.44 0.01 491.875 226.543 7 8 160.30 FBR 31.8621 18.4452 12.5 44.014 48.4428 12.5 161.469 0.1 118.383 64.0927 6 36.272 37.5 39.4079 37.5 NR NR 0.3 79.1394 47.0237 4 24.679 3 IS3 MS 7 MM 14.02 7.43772 4 22.3531 4 43.7682 NR 0.01 68.8616 47.9177 DISPATCH 8

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 174 | P a g e

Isolatable Flash Fire (m) Jet Fire Ellipse (m) Late Pool Fire Ellipse (m) Overpressure (m) SI.N section Scenari Description o identificati o Radiation Radiatio Overpre on 2F 5D Level 2F 5D n Level 2F 5D ssure 2F 5D (kW/m2) (kW/m2) (bar) FROM TLF 19.137 12.5 16.712 12.5 24.829 NR 0.1 20.2102 16.5773 PUMPS 5 DISCHARG 15.722 E (P-01A/P- 37.5 13.314 37.5 15.9814 NR 0.3 15.0983 13.2843 01B/P-01C) 5 TO TLF 93.128 156.23 4 97.5479 4 137.419 0.01 457.388 249.491 BAY 5 3

10% 71.379 70.648 49.1241 39.2051 12.5 72.0627 12.5 71.9705 0.1 128.932 84.604 DIA 5 8 58.318 37.5 57.0109 37.5 NR NR 0.3 94.42 67.279 3

80.146 304.16 4 83.885 4 262.341 0.01 497.43 247.612 3 9 61.983 144.83 FBR 39.4384 27.6006 12.5 63.1428 12.5 146.034 0.1 127.612 76.0127 6 2 50.734 37.5 50.849 37.5 NR NR 0.3 88.7543 57.9824 5 52.255 HSD 4 3.0743 3.29326 4 46.8779 0.01 NR NR RECEIPT 6 4 IS4 FROM 7 MM 5.89723 5.78103 1.7582 24.651 CTMPL TO 12.5 2.09646 12.5 22.4699 0.1 NR NR 5 8 HSD

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 175 | P a g e

10% 6.7940 77.704 10.7662 10.6794 12.5 6.9413 12.5 77.3026 0.1 11.6623 12.6524 DIA 4 4

5.1595 37.5 5.23716 37.5 NR NR 0.3 10.8301 11.3244 6

3.5430 213.47 4 5.00725 4 187.721 0.01 NR NR 8 5

FBR 3.72388 2.76675 2.1796 102.34 12.5 3.6719 12.5 101.876 0.1 NR NR 8 3

37.5 NR 2.45026 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

1.8357 48.623 4 1.92072 4 44.0819 0.01 NR NR HSD 6 8 DISPATCH 7 MM 4.88158 4.53131 23.340 FROM 12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.7346 0.1 NR NR 5 IS5 TANKS (T- 4 04/T05/T06 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR TO TLF PUMP 10% 7.9727 168.20 9.59451 9.35431 4 8.23753 4 148.197 0.01 NR NR SUCTION( DIA 8 5

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 176 | P a g e

37.5 4.3906 4.40913 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

4.7721 239.23 4 6.01472 4 211.042 0.01 NR NR 2 2

FBR 4.22285 3.7056 3.4094 117.74 12.5 4.42391 12.5 117.356 0.1 NR NR 5 8

37.5 NR 3.07313 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

5.7460 60.544 4 7.11233 4 52.8231 0.01 NR NR 9 4

29.079 HSD 7 MM 8.03374 7.27378 12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 0.1 NR NR 1 DISPATCH FROM TLF 2.9176 37.5 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR PUMPS 4 6 IS6 DISCHARG 13.800 169.61 E (P-02A/P- 4 14.5722 4 149.018 0.01 16.867 20.2027 02B/P-02C) 2 6 TO TLF 10% 10.495 84.100 BAY 15.6607 16.5463 12.5 10.6862 12.5 82.606 0.1 11.1912 11.7698 DIA 6 1

8.4230 37.5 8.31811 37.5 NR NR 0.3 10.5948 10.8837 3

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 177 | P a g e

146.36 FBR 8.01039 7.86022 12.5 6.8493 7.17126 12.5 146.253 0.1 NR NR 9 5.8830 37.5 5.50072 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR 7

27.201 32.077 4 23.5795 4 42.3395 0.01 39.1104 NR 6 6 22.434 24.866 7 MM 7.78797 4.57447 12.5 18.9201 12.5 29.557 0.1 15.0495 NR 1 3

15.775 UG 37.5 NR 15.4348 37.5 17.2237 0.3 12.5214 NR ETHANOL 4 PUMP (P- 52.218 7 IS7 08/P-09) TO 4 46.6296 4 65.0054 60.557 0.01 72.8443 64.4086 4 ETHANOL TANKS (T- 10% 42.973 44.431 14.0945 11.1199 12.5 37.2947 12.5 45.0264 0.1 29.1665 19.4378 07/T08) DIA 5 6 35.120 25.818 37.5 30.72 37.5 26.1005 0.3 24.5771 14.7126 6 9 43.865 135.19 FBR 13.7169 9.75841 4 47.2443 4 133.342 0.01 124.147 76.2585 1 5

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 178 | P a g e

37.5 NR 32.7142 37.5 47.8421 53.46 0.3 19.8869 15.739

37.744 4 14.375 13.0895 4 39.2205 0.01 NR NR 4

11.737 26.900 7 MM 4.83181 3.54376 12.5 10.5185 12.5 26.3644 0.1 NR NR 5 3

13.170 ETHANOL 37.5 NR NR 37.5 13.9537 0.3 NR NR 6 TANKS (T- 07/T08) TO 38.291 98.706 4 35.6369 4 100.339 0.01 84.9451 46.6541 ETHANOL 7 5 8 IS8 TLD 10% 31.374 68.642 PUMPS 15.6753 8.9737 12.5 28.6949 12.5 66.858 0.1 31.2655 16.3581 SUCTION(P DIA 9 3 -03A/P- 39.155 03B/P-03C) 37.5 NR 23.5572 37.5 37.3303 0.3 25.6253 13.1748 6

43.441 191.52 4 51.0136 4 189.289 0.01 260.946 96.6394 3 1 FBR 15.1182 9.26694 35.936 130.01 12.5 41.9438 12.5 123.532 0.1 61.7949 25.0286 6 4

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 179 | P a g e

27.201 32.077 4 23.5795 4 42.3395 0.01 39.1104 NR 6 6 22.434 24.866 7 MM 7.78797 4.57447 12.5 18.9201 12.5 29.557 0.1 15.0495 NR 1 3

15.775 37.5 NR 15.4348 37.5 17.2237 0.3 12.5214 NR 4 ETHANOL 61.292 89.125 4 60.2244 4 94.1038 0.01 82.687 90.4801 TLD 8 5 PUMPS DISCHARG 10% 50.396 63.873 9 IS9 20.7588 13.8383 12.5 48.0788 12.5 64.2032 0.1 30.8738 32.2256 E (P-03A/P- DIA 5 6 03B/P-03C) 41.235 37.848 TO TLF 37.5 39.7214 37.5 37.3385 0.3 25.4297 26.1047 BAYS 9 8 49.346 179.81 4 55.2647 4 177.709 0.01 223.45 92.0328 6 6 40.635 122.33 FBR 16.4114 10.6836 12.5 45.1681 12.5 116.196 0.1 55.2907 24.2296 7 5 74.861 37.5 NR 38.2304 37.5 66.1001 0.3 37.6219 17.1053 9

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 180 | P a g e

29.079 7 MM 8.03374 7.27378 12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 0.1 NR NR 1 2.9176 37.5 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR 4 UG BIO- 9.8880 78.614 DIESEL 4 11.088 4 68.8056 0.01 26.6837 30.6742 PUMP (P- 2 5 10/P-11) TO 10 IS10 10% 37.466 BIO- 11.8759 12.7501 12.5 7.4466 8.08693 12.5 35.6557 0.1 12.894 13.5862 DIA 3 DIESEL TANK (T- 5.7607 37.5 6.18368 37.5 NR NR 0.3 11.4451 11.7907 09) 1 3.1950 99.405 4 3.68358 4 86.3294 0.01 NR NR 3 3 FBR 3.42868 3.38341 1.9193 41.736 12.5 2.50648 12.5 41.1922 0.1 NR NR 3 7 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

1.8357 48.623 11 IS11 BIO- 7 MM 4.88158 4.53131 4 1.92072 4 44.0819 0.01 NR NR DIESEL 6 8

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 181 | P a g e

Isolatable Flash Fire (m) Jet Fire Ellipse (m) Late Pool Fire Ellipse (m) Overpressure (m) SI.N section Scenari Description o identificati o Radiation Radiatio Overpre on 2F 5D Level 2F 5D n Level 2F 5D ssure 2F 5D (kW/m2) (kW/m2) (bar) TANK (T- 23.340 12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.7346 0.1 NR NR 09) TO BIO- 4 DIESEL TLD PUMP 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR SUCTION(P 86.213 4 4.7651 4.87395 4 75.6992 0.01 NR NR -04A/P- 1 04B/P-04C) 10% 7.42102 7.00556 3.3705 37.759 DIA 12.5 3.40837 12.5 37.2751 0.1 NR NR 9 5

37.5 NR 2.16302 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

2.6898 112.09 4 3.37042 4 97.3549 0.01 NR NR 7 3

FBR 2.44053 2.41973 48.116 12.5 NR 2.17421 12.5 46.8948 0.1 NR NR 9

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

5.7460 60.544 BIO- 4 7.11233 4 52.8231 0.01 NR NR 9 4 DIESEL TLD PUMP 29.079 12 IS12 7 MM 8.03374 7.27378 12.5 4.1708 5.08493 12.5 25.9817 0.1 NR NR DISCHARG 1 E(P-04A/P- 2.9176 04B/P-04C) 37.5 3.66295 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR TO HSD 4

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 182 | P a g e

10% 45.271 11.8759 12.7501 12.5 7.4466 8.08693 12.5 44.177 0.1 12.894 13.5862 DIA 3 5.7607 37.5 6.18368 37.5 NR NR 0.3 11.4451 11.7907 1

4.0061 130.09 4 4.86928 4 113.447 0.01 NR NR 6 4 FBR 3.84743 3.79677 2.5274 57.228 12.5 3.52203 12.5 56.7018 0.1 NR NR 5 3

37.5 NR 2.29061 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

10.149 4 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR 3

22.692 10 MM 9.86648 4.51693 12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 0.1 15.6753 NR TK-01 MS 1 13 IS13 TANK 6.7366 37.5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR 5

189.74 FBR 289.608 282.938 4 NR NR 4 114.402 0.01 2284.2 2297.57 4

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 183 | P a g e

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

10.149 4 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR 3

22.692 10 MM 9.86648 4.51693 12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 0.1 15.6753 NR 1

6.7366 TK-02 MS 37.5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR 14 IS14 5 TANK 189.74 4 NR NR 4 114.402 0.01 2284.2 2297.57 4

FBR 289.608 282.938 104.74 12.5 NR NR 12.5 52.2202 0.1 636.306 594.375 9

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

10.149 4 9.23342 4 45.5179 50.398 0.01 42.7181 NR 3

TK-03 MS 22.692 15 IS15 10 MM 9.86648 4.51693 12.5 7.8352 6.91964 12.5 20.0058 0.1 15.6753 NR TANK 1

6.7366 37.5 5.27253 37.5 NR NR 0.3 12.8339 NR 5

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 184 | P a g e

FBR 289.608 282.938 104.74 12.5 NR NR 12.5 52.2202 0.1 636.306 594.375 9 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 513.773 464.275

51.623 4 NR NR 4 46.187 0.01 NR NR 1

10 MM 4.13911 3.77405 22.860 12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 0.1 NR NR 8

TK-04 HSD 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR 16 IS16 TANK 244.19 4 NR NR 4 130.414 0.01 335.014 362.13 5

FBR 132.919 167.919 160.10 12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 0.1 165.562 195.062 4

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

51.623 4 NR NR 4 46.187 0.01 NR NR 1 TK-05 HSD 17 IS17 10 MM 4.13911 3.77405 22.860 TANK 12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 0.1 NR NR 8

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 185 | P a g e

FBR 132.919 167.919 160.10 12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 0.1 165.562 195.062 4 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

51.623 4 NR NR 4 46.187 0.01 NR NR 1

10 MM 4.13911 3.77405 22.860 12.5 NR NR 12.5 20.9972 0.1 NR NR 8

TK-06 HSD 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR 18 IS18 TANK 244.19 4 NR NR 4 130.414 0.01 335.014 362.13 5

FBR 132.919 167.919 160.10 12.5 NR NR 12.5 65.1491 0.1 165.562 195.062 4

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 147.757 177.508

47.777 4 NR NR 4 42.1846 0.01 NR NR 2 TK-09 19 IS19 BIODIESEL 10 MM 4.03346 3.67925 19.397 12.5 NR NR 12.5 17.3027 0.1 NR NR TANK 7

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 186 | P a g e

FBR 21.1168 24.503 18.898 12.5 NR NR 12.5 16.9524 0.1 29.1916 28.4871 6 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 24.5897 24.2379

43.157 4 11.664 10.1886 4 44.6772 0.01 44.2294 NR 7

9.6055 30.212 10 MM 7.86825 3.61794 12.5 8.17933 12.5 29.5709 0.1 15.9375 NR 6 2

14.379 TK-07 37.5 NR NR 37.5 14.8098 0.3 12.9648 NR 20 IS20 ETHANOL 9 TANK 100.95 4 NR NR 4 98.6277 0.01 715.03 724.276 3

FBR 61.1296 68.352 12.5 NR NR 12.5 63.0526 67.76 0.1 170.682 176.072

36.257 37.5 NR NR 37.5 31.8445 0.3 127.234 126.125 7

43.157 4 11.664 10.1886 4 44.6772 0.01 44.2294 NR TK-08 7 21 IS21 ETHANOL 10 MM 7.86825 3.61794 9.6055 30.212 TANK 12.5 8.17933 12.5 29.5709 0.1 15.9375 NR 6 2

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 187 | P a g e

100.95 4 NR NR 4 98.6277 0.01 715.03 724.276 3 FBR 61.1296 68.352 12.5 NR NR 12.5 63.0526 67.76 0.1 170.682 176.072

36.257 37.5 NR NR 37.5 31.8445 0.3 127.234 126.125 7

9.1431 47.062 4 10.5916 4 45.2188 0.01 NR NR 6 5 TK-14 U/G 34.717 22 IS22 ETHANOL 10 MM 1.36851 1.03022 12.5 NR 6.65129 12.5 30.8399 0.1 NR NR 7 TANK 19.536 37.5 NR NR 37.5 16.8338 0.3 NR NR 7

9.1431 47.062 4 10.5916 4 45.2188 0.01 NR NR 6 5 TK-15 U/G 34.717 23 IS23 ETHANOL 10 MM 1.36851 1.03022 12.5 NR 6.65129 12.5 30.8399 0.1 NR NR 7 TANK 19.536 37.5 NR NR 37.5 16.8338 0.3 NR NR 7

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 188 | P a g e

Isolatable Flash Fire (m) Jet Fire Ellipse (m) Late Pool Fire Ellipse (m) Overpressure (m) SI.N section Scenari Description o identificati o Radiation Radiatio Overpre on 2F 5D Level 2F 5D n Level 2F 5D ssure 2F 5D (kW/m2) (kW/m2) (bar) 44.380 4 NR NR 4 38.4609 0.01 NR NR 5 TK-16 U/G 24 IS24 BIODIESEL 10 MM 1.52987 1.57475 25.985 12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 0.1 NR NR TANK 5 37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

44.380 4 NR NR 4 38.4609 0.01 NR NR 5 TK-17 U/G 25 IS25 BIODIESEL 10 MM 1.52987 1.57475 25.985 12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 0.1 NR NR TANK 5

37.5 NR NR 37.5 NR NR 0.3 NR NR

2.4954 44.040 4 2.80492 4 39.1651 0.01 NR NR 8 2

TK-11 U/G 26.808 26 IS26 10 MM 1.49564 1.6326 12.5 NR 1.66843 12.5 19.5408 0.1 NR NR MS TANK 2

13.357 37.5 NR NR 37.5 11.0976 0.3 NR NR 8

44.380 4 NR NR 4 38.4609 0.01 NR NR TK-12U/G 5 27 IS27 10 MM 1.52987 1.57475 HSD TANK 25.985 12.5 NR NR 12.5 19.6912 0.1 NR NR 5

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 189 | P a g e

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 190 | P a g e

7.2.8 Risk Analysis

Risk in general is defined as a measure of potential economic loss or human injury in terms of the probability of the loss or injury occurring and magnitude of the loss or injury if it occurs. Risk thus comprises of two variables; magnitude of consequences and the probability of occurrence. The results of Risk Analysis are often reproduced as Individual and groups risks and are defined as below.

Individual Risk is the probability of death occurring as a result of accidents at a plant, installation or a transport route expressed as a function of the distance from such an activity. It is the frequency at which an individual or an individual within a group may be expected to sustain a given level of harm (typically death) from the realization of specific hazards. Such a risk actually exists only when a person is permanently at that spot (out of doors). The Individual results are based on the occupancy factor for different category of personnel’s at that particular location. Individual Risk = Location Specific Individual risk * Occupancy factor Whereas, Location Specific Individual Risk corresponds to the level of damage at a particular location or area The exposure of an individual is related to:  The likelihood of occurrence of an event involving a release and Ignition of hydrocarbon,  The vulnerability of the person to the event,  The proportion of time the person will be exposed to the event (which is termed ‘occupancy’ in the QRA terminology). The second definition of risk involves the concept of the summation of risk from events involving many fatalities within specific population groups. This definition is focused on the risk to society rather than to a specific individual and is termed 'Societal Risk'. In relation to the process operations we can identify specific groups of people who work on or live close to the installation; for example communities living or working close to the plant.

Probabilities Population Probabilities It is necessary to know the population exposure in order to estimate the consequences and the risk resulting from an incident. The exposed population is often defined using a population density. Population densities are an important part of a QRA for several reasons. The most notable is that the density is typically used to determine the number of people affected by a given incident with a specific hazard area. Sometimes, population data are available in sketchy forms. In the absence of specific population data default categories can be used. The population density can be averaged over the whole area that may be affected or the area can be subdivided into any number of segments with a separate population density for each individual segment.

Failure/Accident Probabilities Event tree analysis A release can result in several possible outcomes or scenarios (fire, explosions, unignited release etc.). This is because the actual outcome depends on other events that may or may not occur following the

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 191 | P a g e

EIA report for the proposed Petroleum Storage Terminal of storage capacity 80870 m3 of IOCL at Sy No 365/4 (pt) at SIDCO Industrial Estate, Asanur Village, Ulundurpet Tehsil, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu State initial release. Event tree analysis is used to identify potential outcomes of a release and to quantify the risk associated with each of these outcomes.

The above event tree is used for calculating the event frequencies and the probabilities are defined in below: 1. Immediate Ignition Probability Table 7.6: Immediate Ignition Probability Immediate Ignition Probability (for Delayed Ignition Release Rate Low / Medium Reactive Chemicals) Probability < 10 kg/sec 0.02 0.01 10 to 100 kg/sec 0.04 0.05 > 100 kg/sec 0.08 0.1 The above table from Bevi manual & CPR 18E is used for ignition probability. 2. Explosion Probability In the sequence of events, following the ignition of a free gas cloud, an incident occurs demonstrating characteristics of both a flash fire and an explosion. This is modeled as two separate events: as a pure flash fire and a pure explosion. The fraction that is modeled as an explosion, F explosion, is equal to 0.4. The individual risks are calculated based on base event frequency, ignition probability, population density in the area etc. The accident event frequency details for this study are taken from Purple Book (CPR 18E). Table 9 shows the total failure frequency of Pipeline and Storage tank scenarios. For calculating the frequency to be applied for modeling the following factors are taken into consideration. Fire suppression systems The fire protection systems & firefighting facilities which are used to restrict fire, the various factors affecting the fire protection systems as per “Thomas F Barry, Risk Informed Performance Based Fire Protection System – An Alternative to Prescriptive Codes” are:

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 192 | P a g e

. Response effectiveness (i.e. the system is responsive to a specific scenario) . On-line availability (i.e. the system is online at the time of the emergency) . Operational reliability (the system functions properly at the time of emergency)

Table 7.7: Failure Frequency of Selected Scenarios PIPELINE SCENARIOS

Isolatable section Description Scenario TOTAL identification FAILURE FREQUENCY MOTOR SPIRIT 7 mm - MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS Leak IS 1 TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03) 10% of dia 4.25E-06 FBR 8.50E-07 MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS 7 mm - OUTLET(T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF Leak IS 2 PUMP SUCTION ( P-01A/P-01B/P- 10% of dia 1.88E-06 01C) FBR 3.75E-07 7 mm MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS - Leak IS 3 DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) 10% of dia 1.75E-06 TO TLF BAY FBR 3.50E-07 HIGH SPEED

DIESEL 7 mm - HSD RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO Leak IS 4 HSD TANKS (T-04/T05/T06) 10% of dia 4.25E-06 FBR 8.50E-07 7 mm HSD DISPATCH FROM TANKS (T- - Leak IS 5 04/T05/T06 TO TLF PUMP 10% of dia 2.00E-06 SUCTION( P-02A/P-02B/P-02C) FBR 4.00E-07 7 mm HSD DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS - Leak IS 6 DISCHARGE (P-02A/P-02B/P-02C) 10% of dia 1.75E-06 TO TLF BAY FBR 3.50E-07 ETHANOL &

BIO-DIESEL UG ETHANOL PUMP (P-08/P-09) TO 7 mm IS 7 - ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08) Leak

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 193 | P a g e

Isolatable section Description Scenario TOTAL identification FAILURE FREQUENCY 10% of dia 5.00E-06 FBR 7.50E-07 7 mm ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08) TO - Leak IS 8 ETHANOL TLD PUMPS 10% of dia 1.25E-06 SUCTION(P-03A/P-03B/P-03C) FBR 2.50E-07 7 mm ETHANOL TLD PUMPS - Leak IS 9 DISCHARGE (P-03A/P-03B/P-03C) 10% of dia 1.75E-06 TO TLF BAYS FBR 3.50E-07 7mm Leak - UG BIO-DIESEL PUMP (P-10/P-11) IS 10 10% of dia 7.00E-06 TO BIO-DIESEL TANK (T-09) FBR 1.05E-06 7 mm BIO-DIESEL TANK (T-09) TO BIO- - Leak IS 11 DIESEL TLD PUMP SUCTION(P- 10% of dia 1.75E-06 04A/P-04B/P-04C) FBR 3.50E-07 BIO-DIESEL TLD PUMP 7mm Leak - IS 12 DISCHARGE(P-04A/P-04B/P-04C) 10% of dia 2.00E-06 TO HSD TANKS (T-04/T05/T06) FBR 4.00E-07

STORAGE TANK SCENARIOS:

STORAGE TANKS TOTAL Isolatable section FAILURE Description Scenario identification FREQUENCY MOTOR SPIRIT 10 mm IS1 3 TK-01 MS TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 10 mm IS14 TK-02 MS TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 10 mm IS15 TK-03 MS TANK leak 1.00E-06

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 194 | P a g e

Rupture 5.00E-08 HIGH SPEED

DIESEL 10 mm IS16 TK-04 HSD TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 10 mm IS17 TK-05 HSD TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 10 mm IS18 TK-06 HSD TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 BIODIESEL 10mm IS19 TK-09 BIODIESEL TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 ETHANOL 10 mm IS20 TK-07 ETHANOL TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 10 mm IS21 TK-08 ETHANOL TANK leak 1.00E-06 Rupture 5.00E-08 UNDERGROUND

TANKS 10mm IS22 TK-14 U/G ETHANOL TANK leak 1.00E-06 10mm IS23 TK-15 U/G ETHANOL TANK leak 1.00E-06 10mm IS24 TK-16 U/G BIODIESEL TANK leak 1.00E-06 10mm IS25 TK-17 U/G BIODIESEL TANK leak 1.00E-06 10mm IS26 TK-11 U/G MS TANK leak 1.00E-06 10mm IS27 TK-12U/G HSD TANK leak 1.00E-06

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 195 | P a g e

7.2.9 Risk Mitigation Measures

PROPOSED RISK CONTROL MEASURES Some of the key recommendations suggested from risk point of view are listed below: 1. Ensure periodical maintenance of tanks and pipelines, necessary preventive maintenance schedule implemented. 2. Control the movement of the loading trucks inside the premises and ensure minimum time is spent inside the facility. 3. Provide Standard operating procedures in local languages in loading and unloading bays and monitor the adherence of the procedures continuously. 4. Vehicles fitted with spark arrestors and necessary valid inspection certificates only allowed inside the premises 5. Water draining operation from the storage tanks should be carried out by trained personnel under supervision 6. Lock out and tag out (LOTO)procedure to be followed in operation of tank drain, dyke drain and other critical valves with supervisory control and mechanically locking option 7. Any commissioning/decommissioning of equipments should be carried out under supervision (close out procedure with written permission can be used for commissioning) 8. Regular inspection of earthing arrangements , lightning arrestors to be carried out .The earthing layout diagram of each facility shall be displayed near each facility for reference 9. All Tanks should be fitted with level transmitters with alarm/trip provision 10. Provide HC detectors at strategic locations and ensure initiation of automatic shutdown on HC detection incorporated and periodic testing carried out regularly. 11. Only EX-rated electrical equipment usage shall be implemented in hazardous areas 12. HC detection Bypass override provision to be done only after management clearance 13. Ensure sufficient windsocks are available and placed at suitable locations 14. Ensure enough escape routes and muster, assembly points availability clearly marked 15. Work Permit system is used to carry out any activity inside the facility 16. Loading and unloading activity should be carried out under supervision 17. Regular mock drills to be conducted (once in a month) for scenarios like MS tank leak, MS loading line leak, Ethanol tank leak and Ethanol line leak. 18. ERDMP plan to be developed based on MS tank rupture scenario 19. CCTV coverage for critical locations 20. The Dyke and the enclosures to be inspected for cracks; visible damages etc. every six month (pre and post monsoons) and after every repair in the tanks/dykes etc. so as to keep it impervious 21. Ensure hydraulic analysis done for MS and HSD pump discharge lines 22. Ensure periodical checking of fire system availability and monitoring 23. Ensure TT loading and unloading operations are carried out in day time only 24. Ensure necessary emergency lighting in case of power failure

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 196 | P a g e

7.2.10 Consequence Contours Top five worst case consequence scenarios

FLASH FIRE

MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-10% DIA

FLASH FIRE IS2-MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C)-10% DIA

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 197 | P a g e

FLASH FIRE IS3- MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) TO TLF BAY-FBR

FLASH FIRE IS13- TK-01 MS TANK -FBR

FLASH FIRE

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 198 | P a g e

IS16- TK-04 HSD TANK -FBR

JET FIRE IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-10% DIA

JET FIRE

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 199 | P a g e

IS2- MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C)-10% DIA

JET FIRE IS3- MS DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) TO TLF BAY -10% DIA

JET FIRE

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 200 | P a g e

IS7- UG ETHANOL PUMP (P-08/P-09) TO ETHANOL TANKS (T-07/T08) -FBR

JET FIRE IS9- ETHANOL TLD PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-03A/P-03B/P-03C) TO TLF BAYS-10% DIA

POOL FIRE

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 201 | P a g e

IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03) -FBR

POOL FIRE IS2- MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) -FBR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 202 | P a g e

POOL FIRE IS6- HSD DISPATCH FROM TLF PUMPS DISCHARGE (P-02A/P-02B/P-02C) TO TLF BAY-FBR

POOL FIRE IS15- TK-03 MS TANK –FBR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 203 | P a g e

POOL FIRE IS16- TK-04 HSD TANK-FBR

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

IS1- MS RECEIPT FROM CTMPL TO MS TANKS INLET (T-01/T02/T03)-FBR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 204 | P a g e

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION IS2- MS DISPATCH FROM MS TANKS OUTLET (T-01/T02/T03) TO TLF PUMP SUCTION (P-01A/P-01B/P-01C) -FBR

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION IS13- TK-01 MS TANK-FBR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 205 | P a g e

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION IS15- TK-03 MS TANK -FBR

VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION IS20- TK-07 ETHANOL TANK -FBR

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 206 | P a g e

CHAPTER 8. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

8.1 Consultants Engaged

This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office staff, their R & D wing, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental Consultants M/S. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane. M/s ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory

ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory [Lab Gazetted by MoEF – Govt. of India] not only give environmental solutions for sustainable development, but make sure that they are economically feasible. With innovative ideas and impact mitigation measures offered, make them distinguished in environmental consulting business. The completion of tasks in record time is the key feature of ULTRA-TECH. A team of more than hundred environmental brigadiers consists of engineers, experts, ecologists, hydrologists, geologists, socio-economic experts, solid waste and hazard waste experts apart from environmental media sampling and monitoring experts and management experts , strive hard to serve the clients with up to mark and best services. ULTRA-TECH offers environmental consultancy services to assist its clients to obtain environmental clearance for their projects such as isolated storage of hazardous chemicals, large buildings, construction, CRZ, SEZ, high rise buildings, township projects and industries covering sugar and distilleries from respective authorities. ULTRA-TECH also provide STP/ETP /WTP project consultancy on turn-key basis apart from Operation and Maintenance of these projects on annual contract basis. Also, having MoEF approved environmental laboratory, Ultra-Tech provide laboratory services for monitoring and analysis of various environmental media like air, water, waste water, stack, noise and meteorological data to its clients all over India and abroad. The EIA team involved for the proposed EIA Report is as mentioned in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1: EIA Team SN Name of the expert Area of functional Expert (NABET Accredited) 1 Mr. Santosh Gupta EIA Coordinator Mr. Timir Shah Associate Team Member 2 Mr. Timir Shah Air Pollution 2 Mr. Timir Shah Water Pollution 3 Mr. Santosh Gupta Solid Hazardous Waste 5 Dr. T. K. Ghosh Ecology and Biodiversity 6 Dr. Kishore Wankhede Socio Economic 7 Mrs.Sampada Shidid Municipal Solid Waste 8 Ms Ananthitha A Team Member NABET Accreditation number: NABET/EIA/1720/RA 0094 valid upto 10/03/2020

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 207 | P a g e

Functional area experts and assistance to FAE involved in the EIA study for “M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.” is as shown in Table 8.2.

Table 8.2: Functional Area Experts Involved in the EIA FUNCTIONAL AREA EXPERTS NAME OF NAME OF NAME OF S.N. INVOLVED SECTOR PROJECT CLIENT FA NAME/S 1. Schedule 6 Isolated storage M/s. Indian AP Mr. Timir Shah (b) Category & handling of Oil Mr. Timir Shah ‘B’ hazardous Corporation WP Associate: chemicals Limited. Ms Ananthitha A Mr. Vikrant Kulkarni EB Associate: Mr. Mintu SE Dr. Kishore Wankhede Mr. Santosh Gupta SHW Associate: Mrs.DeepaTamhane – Karnik Mr.Swapnil Avghade LU Associate: Mr. Prasad Khedkar Dr.Subhash Bonde RH Associate: Mr.Ajay Patil However, the EIA Co-ordinator has left ULTRA-TECH after the Public Hearing of this project was completed. Hence the new EIA Co-ordinator Mr Ram Sushil Mishra has vetted this final EIA report. Table 8.3: Laboratory for Analysis

ACCREDITATION NAME OF LABORATORY SCOPE OF SERVICES STATUS Monitoring and Analysis of:  Ambient Air Monitoring  Stack Emission Monitoring Accredited by NABL Eco-Services India Pvt. Limited  Bore Water(Analysis) Valid upto 01/05/2019  Domestic & Potable Water(Analysis)  Waste Water(Analysis)

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 208 | P a g e

REPLIES OF QUERIES RAISED BY SEIAA

With reference to letter ref. SEIAA/TN/F.No. 5365/2016 dated 30.05.2018 seeking additional details, please find attached required clarifications in seriatim: 1. During Public Hearing Thiru. Brahmadevan Valasai, Beekanur Eri Pasana Vivasaya Sangam has expressed that the construction of compound wall by IOCL will definitely bypass the water course and the same will be flowing towards the lake Valasai where the Asanur drain joins. In response to that, the proponent has furnished a letter from TNSIDCO that as per the approved layout the existing Odai earmarked on the Northern side of the SIDCO boundary and the Odai (Storm water drain) belongs to revenue department and being maintained by revenue department only. SIDCO protects the flow water from Odai by constructing the flood protection wall and forming bund wherever necessary along the SIDCO boundary. Since, the Odai belongs to revenue department the proponent is directed to furnish the NOC from the revenue department for constructing the flood protection walls and forming bunds along the SIDCO boundary. Reply : NOC of the Revenue Department from DC, Villupuram vide letter ref. No. B9/17495/2018 dtd. 15.09.2018 is attached herewith as Annexure. 2. During presentation the project proponent has not furnished the water balance diagram. Hence, it is requested to furnish clear water balance diagram including waste water generation, disposal mechanism, etc. Reply : The Water balance diagram is given in section 2.6.1. 3. The proponent is requested to furnish the risk assessment and safety plan proposed to implement in the project : Reply : The Quantitative Risk Assessment study report along with mitigation measures has been submitted earlier. The layout, design and construction of POL storage terminals are governed by Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) standards some of which like OISD 117 / 118 are also statutory in nature by way of adoption as part of PESO Rules The safety features planned as part of the Project to comply with the requirements of OISD 117, OISD 118 and OISD 244 are given in section 2.5. 4. The proponent is requested to furnish the layout plan for the green belt development (i.e. 33% of the total plot area) with species of plants proposed to be planted: Reply : Revised Layout plan for green belt development showing 33% of the total plot area as green belt along with species of plants proposed to be planted is given in Figure 6.2 & Table 6.2 respectively. 5. Regarding CER activities, the proponent is instructed to submit the details of CER activities proposed to be carried out in future. They should concentrate more on

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 209 | P a g e

infrastructure facilities useful to the local community. Detailed proposal shall be submitted. Reply : During the appraisal by SEAC, we had submitted a plan for expenditure of Rs 104 Lakhs on school infrastructure around the project site based on need survey conducted and that for balance expenditure under CER , we had requested DC Villupuram to identify projects where we could get associated with. Based on our request, DC Villupuram has further identified projects worth Rs 217 Lakhs in the health sector. Additionally we shall also be laying a RCC approach road to be used by all allottees of the SIDCO Industrial Estate (Mainly MSEs) at a cost of about Rs 550 Lakhs. Total cost of identified projects against CER requirement of Rs 609 Lakhs (@ 1.5% of Poject Cost of Rs 406 Crores) is as follows: Sr No Description Amount (In Lakhs) 1 School Infrastructure around Asanur 104.00 2 Health Care Infrastructure – List from DC 217.71 3 RCC Road for SIDCO Industrial Estate (MSE users) 510.00 Total 831.71

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 210 | P a g e

Annexure

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 211 | P a g e

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 212 | P a g e

Prepared by ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory 213 | P a g e