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Cranial Osteology of Lufengosaurus Huenei Young (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, People's Republic of China

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Cranial Osteology of Lufengosaurus Huenei Young (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, People's Republic of China Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN: 0272-4634 (Print) 1937-2809 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 Cranial osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei Young (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, People's Republic of China Paul M. Barrett , Paul Upchurch & Wang Xiao-Lin To cite this article: Paul M. Barrett , Paul Upchurch & Wang Xiao-Lin (2005) Cranial osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei Young (Dinosauria: Prosauropoda) from the Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, People's Republic of China, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25:4, 806-822 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0806:COOLHY]2.0.CO;2 Published online: 02 Aug 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 62 View related articles Citing articles: 23 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujvp20 Download by: [National Science Library] Date: 02 April 2016, At: 18:41 Downloaded by [National Science Library] at 18:41 02 April 2016 BARRETT ET AL.-CRANIAL OSTEOLOGY OF LUFENGOSAURUS 807 (e.g., Rozhdestvensky, 1965). Moreover, differing opinions re- SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY garding prosauropod interrelationships and classification (e.g., Young, 1941a, b, 1942; Galton and Cluver, 1976; Cooper, 1981) DINOSAURIA Owen, 1842 obscured further the affinities of the Chinese taxa. SAURISCHIA Seeley, 1887 Rozhdestvensky (1965) suggested that all of the prosauropod SAUROPODOMORPHA von Huene, 1932 material from the Lower Lufeng Formation was referable to a PROSAUROPODA von Huene, 1920 single taxon and that the generic- and species-level differences LUFENGOSA UR US Young, 1941a proposed by Young (1941a,b, 1942, 1947b,c, 1951) were the re- (Figs. 1-6) sult of ontogenetic variations that were not taxonomically infor- Species-Lufengosaurus huenei Young, 1941a. mative. Consequently, Rozhdestvensky (1965) regarded Lufen- Type Emended Diagnosis-As for type species (see below). gosaurus magnus, Yunnanosaurus huangi, Y. robustus, and Gy- Distribution-Dull Purplish Beds of the Lower Lufeng For- posaurus sinensis as junior subjective synonyms of L. huenei. mation (Hettangian), Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, Peo- Galton (1976) and Galton and Cluver (1976) initially accepted this in ple's Republic of China. interpretation though, contrast, Steel (1970) retained all referred a second to five taxa as valid Comments-Young (1947b) species entities. Cooper (1981) also followed the con- Most authors have the clusions of the of all Lufengosaurus (L. magnus). regarded Rozhdestvensky (1965) regarding synonymy latter as a junior subjective synonym of the genotype species, L. of Young's Lower but made the additional Lufeng species, sug- huenei (Rozhdestvensky, 1965; Galton, 1990). Here, we base our gestion that as a whole was a Lufengosaurus junior subjec- generic diagnosis solely on the genotype species in order to pro- tive of he a synonym Massospondylus, though maintained spe- mote the stability of the genus. The taxonomic status of L. mag- cific between the South African and Chinese separation forms, nus, and other taxa that have been placed in synonymy with with the latter denoted as M. huenei. Galton Later, however, Lufengosaurus (e.g., Gyposaurus sinensis, Tawasaurus, and Ful- and Yunnanosaurus as distinct (1990) accepted Lufengosaurus genia), will be addressed elsewhere, pending examination of the valid In this L. genera. scheme, magnus and Gyposaurus sinensis relevant type specimens. were listed as junior subjective synonyms of L. huenei, and Y. robustus became a of Y. The junior subjective synonym huangi. LUFENGOSA URUS HUENEI Young, 1941a reasons for these taxonomic amendments were not discussed, however. Lufengosaurus huenei Young, 1941a:3. In addition to the above-mentioned taxa, several other pro- Lufengosaurus huenei Young: Rozhdestvensky, 1965:97. sauropod specimens have been documented from the Lower Lufengosaurus huenei Young: Steel, 1970:54. Lufeng Formation. A badly crushed skull from the Dark Red Massospondylus huenei (Young): Cooper, 1981:804. Beds of Dadi (= Tati in earlier transliterations) was originally Lufengosaurus huenei Young: Galton, 1990:336. described as an early lizard and named Fulgenia youngi (Carroll Lufengosaurus huenei Young: Galton and Upchurch, 2004:234. and but has since been demonstrated to be a Galton, 1977), a skeleton with skull. and This taxon is Holotype-IVPP V15, complete juvenile prosauropod (Evans Milner, 1989). Yunnan Province, as a Locality-Shawan village, Lufeng County, currently regarded junior subjective synonym of Lufengo- of China. saurus huenei and The People's Republic (Evans Milner, 1989; Galton, 1990). Horizon-Dull Beds of the Lower Lufeng Forma- skull of another individual from Dawa Purplish poorly preserved juvenile tion, Lower Jurassic (Hettangian: Luo and Wu, 1994, 1995). Tawa in older was described as Tawasaurus (= transliterations) Emended Diagnosis-(cranial features only). Lufengosaurus minor and referred to the Ornithischia originally (Yang, 1982). can be diagnosed on the basis of the following autapomorphies: work has shown this to be either an inde- Subsequent specimen distinct tuberosity on lateral surface of ascending process of max- terminate or a sub- prosauropod specimen (Sereno, 1991) junior illa; low boss on central portion of jugal at junction of the three of huenei More jective synonym Lufengosaurus (Galton, 1990). jugal processes; prominent boss on dorsal surface of rostrolateral new fieldwork in the Basin recovered an almost recently, Lufeng process of parietal; and presence of ridge on caudal part of lat- skeleton and skull that was complete described as the new pro- eral surface of maxilla. In addition, Lufengosaurus possesses a Downloaded by [National Science Library] at 18:41 02 April 2016 taxon xinwaensis and sauropod Jingshanosaurus (Zhang Yang, unique combination of character states not present in any other Several other Lower that were 1994). Lufeng specimens origi- basal sauropodomorph (see comparative comments, below). described as nally prosauropods (Simmons, 1965; Young, 1966) Comments-Young (1941a, 1951) included several cranial have now been re-identified as and include sauropod remains, characters in his original diagnosis: skull small and not elongated; the earliest known cranial material review in Bar- sauropod (see triangular external naris; small, but dorsoventrally tall, antorbital rett, 1999). fenestra; orbits round and large; supratemporal fenestra opening several authors have included the Lower taxa Finally, Lufeng dorsally; and teeth weakly compressed and serrated. However, in phylogenetic analyses of the Sauropodomorpha, though few, if all of these features are present in a wide variety of extinct any, of these studies included character codings based on first- archosaurs (e.g. Romer, 1956; Carroll, 1987) and cannot, there- hand examination of the specimens (Galton, 1990; Sereno, 1999; fore, be used to distinguish Lufengosaurus from other dinosaurs. Pisani et al., 2001; Yates 2003a, 2004; Galton and Upchurch, The postcranial skeleton of Lufengosaurus will be described 2004). Some of these analyses place Lufengosaurus in a clade elsewhere. with Plateosaurus and other similar prosauropods, such as Efraa- sia (sensu Yates, 2003b; note that this taxon is referred to as DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISON Sellosaurus in Sereno [1999] and Galton and Upchurch, [2004]) and Coloradisaurus (e.g., Sereno, 1999; Galton and Upchurch, General Comments 2004), supporting Young's original suggestion that Lufengosau- rus was closely allied with these taxa (Young, 1941a), while oth- The following description extends and complements those ers position Lufengosaurus close to Massospondylus and Yun- provided by Young (1941a, 1951). Basal sauropodomorph phy- nanosaurus (Yates, 2003a, 2004). A comprehensive phylogenetic logeny and taxonomy is in a state of flux and there is currently analysis of basal sauropodomorphs that incorporates new char- debate regarding the phylogenetic position of several taxa (e.g., acter information collected first-hand from the Chinese speci- Anchisaurus, Blikanasaurus, and melanorosaurids) and the com- mens will be presented elsewhere. position of the clade Prosauropoda (Sereno, 1999; Benton et al., 808 JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY,VOL. 25, NO. 4, 2005 2000; Yates, 2003a, b, 2004; Yates and Kitching, 2003; Galton and caudalmost part of the left nasal process. The remaining portions Upchurch, 2004). Here, skulls of those animals 'traditionally' of the premaxillae are missing and the rostralmost part of the regarded as prosauropods (e.g., Galton. 1990) are used for com- snout is entirely reconstructed. parison with Lufengosaurus. Sources of the comparative data Maxilla-The maxilla is divided into two major processes: a presented below (both from personal observation of material horizontally directed tooth-bearing ramus, and a vertically di- and from the literature) are listed in Table 1. rected ascending process that arises from a point approximately The skull is long and low in lateral view (Figs. 1-2). and is one third of the distance from the rostral end of the bone (Figs. widest transversely at a point dorsal to the postorbitals. In dorsal 1-2). The right maxilla is more complete than the left: the latter view, the skull appears to be very wide relative to that of other is missing most of the rostral part of the tooth-bearing ramus. In prosauropods (Fig. 3), but this feature has probably been accen- lateral
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